Publications

isolation of bacillus amyloliquefaciens s20 and its application in control of eggplant bacterial wilt.	bacterial strain s20 was isolated and identified as bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on physiological and biochemical characteristics and a 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. strain s20 inhibits the growth of fusarium oxysporum and ralstonia solanacearum. some genes associated with the synthesis of some lipopeptides were detected in strain s20 by pcr. iturins a were identified as the main antagonistic substrates by analysis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/collision-induced dissociat ...	2014	24632400
molecular identification of cucumber mosaic virus isolates of subgroup ib associated with mosaic disease of eggplant in india.	association of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) with severe mosaic disease of eggplant (solanum melongena l.) collected from lucknow and kanpur, india was initially detected by host reaction and serological assay and confirmed by rt-pcr employing coat protein gene specific primers. further, molecular identification of the virus isolates was done by cloning and sequence analysis of the complete rna3 genome. based on 97-99 % identities and phylogenetic relationships, the virus isolates infecting eggpla ...	2014	24426321
molecular insights on the functional microbial community from organic and mineral growing media and its interaction with agrobacterium rhizogenes.	despite numerous preventative measures, the hairy roots syndrome is an increasing problem in greenhouse horticulture. a recent survey of 177 tomato, cucumber and eggplant growers in flanders (belgium) revealed an increase of this disease in the last two years, with about 26% of all the tomato crops showing the syndrome. in this study, we compared the physicochemical and microbial community characteristics of inorganic and organic growing media in relation to the presence of the causative agent o ...	2014	26080470
origanum dictamnus oil vapour suppresses the development of grey mould in eggplant fruit in vitro.	grey mould rot (botrytis cinerea) development in vitro or in eggplant (solanum melongena l.) fruit was evaluated after treatment with dittany (origanum dictamnus l.) oil (dit) and storage at 12°c and 95% relative humidity during or following exposure to the volatiles. dit volatiles used in different concentration (0-50-100-250 μl/l) and times of exposure (up to 120 h) examined the effects on pathogen development as well as fruit quality parameters. in vitro, fungal colony growth was inhibited wi ...	2014	25254209
genetically engineered vegetables expressing proteins from bacillus thuringiensis for insect resistance: successes, disappointments, challenges and ways to move forward.	genetically engineered (ge) insect-resistant crops that express proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been widely adopted in the two field crops currently commercially available, bt cotton and bt corn. however, the development and commercialization of bt vegetables has lagged in comparison, which is unfortunate since vegetables tend to be insecticide-intensive crops due to high pest pressure and cosmetic standards required for the market. while it is often stated that consumer choice ha ...	2014	22538234
clostridium difficile with moxifloxacin/clindamycin resistance in vegetables in ohio, usa, and prevalence meta-analysis.	we (i) determined the prevalence of clostridium difficile and their antimicrobial resistance to six antimicrobial classes, in a variety of fresh vegetables sold in retail in ohio, usa, and (ii) conducted cumulative meta-analysis of reported prevalence in vegetables since the 1990s. six antimicrobial classes were tested for their relevance as risk factors for c. difficile infections (cdis) (clindamycin, moxifloxacin) or their clinical priority as exhaustive therapeutic options (metronidazole, van ...	2014	25580297
eggplant and related species are promising genetic resources to dissect the plant immune response to pseudomonas syringae and xanthomonas euvesicatoria and to identify new resistance determinants.	the apparent lack of durability of many resistance (r) genes highlights the need for the constant identification of new genetic sources of resistance for the breeding of new disease-resistant crop cultivars. to this end, we screened a collection of accessions of eggplant and close relatives for resistance against pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pto) and xanthomonas euvesicatoria (xeu), foliar plant pathogens of many solanaceous crops. both pathogens caused substantial disease on most genotypes ...	2014	24684604
emergence and diversity of begomoviruses infecting solanaceous crops in east and southeast asia.	over the past three decades diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (begomoviruses) have emerged to be important constraints to the production of solanaceous crops, particularly tomato (solanum lycopersicum) and peppers (capsicum spp.), in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. the most studied of these is tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), which has spread to many other areas from its likely origin in the mediterranean basin region. the virus is usually associated ...	2014	24440320
comparison between solanum torvum sw. and s. melongena l. after ralstonia solanacearum inoculation.	bacterial wilt, caused by ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the most devastating plant diseases, affecting some economically important solanaceae crops. in contrast, solanum torvum, also known as wild eggplant, does not wilt when infested with r. solanacearum. in order to describe the mechanism underlying the response of s. torvum, it was compared with the cultivated eggplant, s. melongena, when both were infected with the same r. solanacearum strain. no wilting occurred in s. torvum, although t ...	2014	24853578
genetic diversity, population structure, and resistance to phytophthora capsici of a worldwide collection of eggplant germplasm.	eggplant (solanum melongena l.) is an important solanaceous crop with high phenotypic diversity and moderate genotypic diversity. ninety-nine genotypes of eggplant germplasm (species (s. melongena, s. incanum, s. linnaeanum and s. gilo), landraces and heirloom cultivars) from 32 countries and five continents were evaluated for genetic diversity, population structure, fruit shape, and disease resistance to phytophthora fruit rot. fruits from each line were measured for fruit shape and evaluated f ...	2014	24819601
determination of cadmium, lead and zinc in vegetables in jaipur (india).	an atomic absorption spectroscopic method was used for the determination of lead, cadmium and zinc in vegetables grown in and around jaipur food stuffs irrigated with industrial waste water. vegetable samples were collected after maturity, and analyzed, such as spinach (spinacia oleracea), ladyfinger (abelmoschus esulentus), pepper mint (menthe pipereta), brinjal (solanum melongena), coriander (coriandrum sativum), cauliflower (brassica oleracea), onion (allium cepa), radish (raphanus sativus), ...	2014	26445755
an effector gene hopa1 influences on virulence, host specificity, and lifestyles of pseudomonas cichorii jbc1.	pseudomonas cichorii is a devastating pathogen which infects a wide range of ornamental as well as agricultural crops worldwide. characterization of virulence genes helps to understand pathogens' infection processes, which may lead to development of resistant crops. for functional validation of novel genes, we re-constructed pucp18 vector with λ phage red operon and sacb gene (pucp18_reds), which simplified conventional marker exchange system. the effector gene hopa1 of p. cichorii jbc1 was mark ...	2014	25127676
increased resistance to fungal wilts in transgenic eggplant expressing alfalfa glucanase gene.	the wilt diseases caused by verticillium dahliae and fusarium oxysporum are the major diseases of eggplant (solanum melongena l.). in order to generate transgenic resistance against the wilt diseases, agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer was performed to introduce alfalfa glucanase gene encoding an acidic glucanase into eggplant using neomycin phosphotransferase (npt-ii) gene as a plant selection marker. the transgene integration into eggplant genome was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (p ...	2014	24757318
diversity of ralstonia solanacearum in french guiana expands knowledge of the "emerging ecotype".	although bacterial wilt remains a major plant disease throughout south america and the caribbean, the diversity of prevalent ralstonia solanacearum populations is largely unknown. the genetic and phenotypic diversity of r. solanacearum strains in french guiana was assessed using diagnostic polymerase chain reactions and sequence-based (egl and muts) genotyping on a 239-strain collection sampled on the families solanaceae and cucurbitaceae, revealing an unexpectedly high diversity. strains were d ...	2014	24283538
rapid spread of a recently introduced virus (tomato yellow leaf curl virus) and its vector bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) in liaoning province, china.	in liaoning province, china, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) was first detected in 2009 and in only four counties. to quantify the spread of tylcv and to identify potential factors influencing its spread in liaoning province, we assayed for tylcv within 1,055 whiteflies (bemisia tabaci (gennadius) complex) from 74 populations and 29 counties in 2011. the b. tabaci species of these individuals was determined based on molecular markers. tylcv was found in 13 counties (donggang, liaoyang, kaz ...	2014	24665690
ralstonia solanacearum type iii secretion system effector rip36 induces a hypersensitive response in the nonhost wild eggplant solanum torvum.	ralstonia solanacearum is a gram-negative soil-borne bacterium that causes bacterial wilt disease in more than 200 plant species, including economically important solanaceae species. in r. solanacearum, the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) type iii secretion system is required for both the ability to induce the hypersensitive response (hr) in nonhost plants and pathogenicity in host plants. recently, 72 effector genes, called rip (ralstonia protein injected into plant cells), have ...	2014	24745046
genome wide screening of rnai factors of sf21 cells reveal several novel pathway associated proteins.	rna interference (rnai) leads to sequence specific knock-down of gene expression and has emerged as an important tool to analyse gene functions, pathway analysis and gene therapy. although rnai is a conserved cellular process involving common elements and factors, species-specific differences have been observed among different eukaryotes. identification of components for rnai pathway is pursued intensively and successful genome-wide screens have been performed for components of rnai pathways in ...	2014	25199785
the tudor domain protein tapas, a homolog of the vertebrate tdrd7, functions in the pirna pathway to regulate retrotransposons in germline of drosophila melanogaster.	piwi-interacting rnas (pirnas) are a special class of small rnas that provide defense against transposable elements in animal germline cells. in drosophila, germline pirnas are thought to be processed at a unique perinuclear structure, the nuage, that houses pirna pathway proteins including the piwi clade of argonaute family proteins, along with several tudor domain proteins, rna helicases and nucleases. we previously demonstrated that tudor domain protein tejas (tej), an ortholog of vertebrate ...	2014	25287931
the dexh box helicase domain of spindle-e is necessary for retrotransposon silencing and axial patterning during drosophila oogenesis.	transposable selfish genetic elements have the potential to cause debilitating mutations as they replicate and reinsert within the genome. therefore, it is critical to keep the cellular levels of these elements low. this is especially true in the germline where these mutations could affect the viability of the next generation. a class of small noncoding rnas, the piwi-associated rnas, is responsible for silencing transposable elements in the germline of most organisms. several proteins have been ...	2014	25239103
ago3 slicer activity regulates mitochondria-nuage localization of armitage and pirna amplification.	in drosophila melanogaster the reciprocal "ping-pong" cycle of piwi-interacting rna (pirna)-directed rna cleavage catalyzed by the endonuclease (or "slicer") activities of the piwi proteins aubergine (aub) and argonaute3 (ago3) has been proposed to expand the secondary pirna population. however, the role of ago3/aub slicer activity in pirna amplification remains to be explored. we show that ago3 slicer activity is essential for pirna amplification and that ago3 inhibits the homotypic aub:aub pin ...	2014	25049272
soil chemical property changes in eggplant/garlic relay intercropping systems under continuous cropping.	soil sickness is a critical problem for eggplant (solanum melongena l.) under continuous cropping that affects sustainable eggplant production. relay intercropping is a significant technique on promoting soil quality, improving eco-environment, and raising output. field experiments were conducted from september 2010 to november 2012 in northwest china to determine the effects of relay intercropping eggplant with garlic (allium sativum l.) on soil enzyme activities, available nutrient contents, a ...	2014	25340875
omega-3 and omega-6 content of medicinal foods for depressed patients: implications from the iranian traditional medicine.	considering the increasing prevalence of depression in modern societies and the positive effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on depression, this study aims to investigate the omega-3 and omega-6 content of various foodstuffs, prescribed or prohibited by iranian traditional medicine (itm).	2014	25068136
draft genome sequence of eggplant (solanum melongena l.): the representative solanum species indigenous to the old world.	unlike other important solanaceae crops such as tomato, potato, chili pepper, and tobacco, all of which originated in south america and are cultivated worldwide, eggplant (solanum melongena l.) is indigenous to the old world and in this respect it is phylogenetically unique. to broaden our knowledge of the genomic nature of solanaceous plants further, we dissected the eggplant genome and built a draft genome dataset with 33,873 scaffolds termed sme_r2.5.1 that covers 833.1 mb, ca. 74% of the egg ...	2014	25233906
adaptation and evaluation of the willtry tool among children in guam.	fruit and vegetable consumption may reduce risk for chronic disease and obesity. children's fruit and vegetable intake is mediated by a preference or willingness to try them. this study's primary objective was to adapt the previously validated willtry tool and to evaluate the adapted version among children in guam.	2014	25144677
intra- and interspecific competition between western flower thrips and sweetpotato whitefly.	the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), and the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), are both invasive insect pests and are present in most of the same agricultural crops without a clear dominance of either species. here, intra- and interspecific competition in b. tabaci and f. occidentalis was determined under controlled experiments. the results showed that intraspecific competition was distinct in f. occidentalis and that the co-occurrence of b. tabaci ha ...	2014	25480973
ipomovirus--an atypical genus in the family potyviridae transmitted by whiteflies.	ipomoviruses (genus ipomovirus) are whitefly-transmitted viruses assigned to the family potyviridae. they are characterised by filamentous flexible particles and a positive-sense single-stranded rna (+ssrna) genome. the viral genome is translated into a polyprotein precursor, which is processed into mature proteins and a short overlapping open reading frame. the genus ipomovirus contains four accepted species and one unapproved species, and two other tentative members have recently been characte ...	2014	24464680
genetic interactions between p elements involved in pirna-mediated repression of hybrid dysgenesis in drosophila melanogaster.	previous studies have shown that telomeric p elements inserted at the left end of the x chromosome are anchors of the p cytotype, the maternally inherited state that regulates p-element activity in the germ line of drosophila melanogaster. this regulation is mediated by small rnas that associate with the piwi family of proteins (pirnas). we extend the analysis of cytotype regulation by studying new combinations of telomeric and nontelomeric p elements (tps and non-tps). tps interact with each ot ...	2014	24902606
variable expression levels detected in the drosophila effectors of pirna biogenesis.	pirnas (piwi-interacting rnas) are a class of small interfering rnas that play a major role in the regulation of transposable elements (tes) in drosophila and are considered of fundamental importance in gonadal development. genes encoding the effectors of the pirna machinery are thus often thought to be highly constrained. on the contrary, as actors of genetic immunity, these genes have also been shown to evolve rapidly and display a high level of sequence variability. in order to assess the sup ...	2014	24361206
discovery of an unknown diversity of leucinodes species damaging solanaceae fruits in sub-saharan africa and moving in trade (insecta, lepidoptera, pyraloidea).	the larvae of the old world genera leucinodes guenée, 1854 and sceliodes guenée, 1854 are internal feeders in the fruits of solanaceae, causing economic damage to cultivated plants like solanummelongena and solanumaethiopicum. in sub-saharan africa five nominal species of leucinodes and one of sceliodes occur. one of these species, the eggplant fruit and shoot borer leucinodesorbonalis guenée, 1854, is regarded as regularly intercepted from africa and asia in europe, north and south america and ...	2015	25632252
dioscin derived from solanum melongena l. "usukawamarunasu" attenuates α-msh-induced melanogenesis in b16 murine melanoma cells via downregulation of phospho-creb and mitf.	this study aimed to chemically isolate and explore an antimelanogenesis inducer in extracts of solanum melongena l. "usukawamarunasu" eggplant. we successfully identified dioscin ([25r]-spirost-5-en-3β-yl) 2-o-(6-deoxy-α-l-mannopyranosyl) - 4-o-(6-deoxy-α-l-mannopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside] in the plant, and examined the effects of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh)-induced melanogenesis in b16 murine melanoma cells by this plant-derived dioscin. immunoblot analysis suggested that dioscin ...	2015	26352003
aub and ago3 are recruited to nuage through two mechanisms to form a ping-pong complex assembled by krimper.	in drosophila, two piwi proteins, aubergine (aub) and argonaute-3 (ago3), localize to perinuclear "nuage" granules and use guide pirnas to target and destroy transposable element transcripts. we find that aub and ago3 are recruited to nuage by two different mechanisms. aub requires a pirna guide for nuage recruitment, indicating that its localization depends on recognition of rna targets. ago3 is recruited to nuage independently of a pirna cargo and relies on interaction with krimper, a stable c ...	2015	26295961
association mapping for fruit, plant and leaf morphology traits in eggplant.	an eggplant (solanum melongena) association panel of 191 accessions, comprising a mixture of breeding lines, old varieties and landrace selections was snp genotyped and phenotyped for key breeding fruit and plant traits at two locations over two seasons. a genome-wide association (gwa) analysis was performed using the mixed linear model, which takes into account both a kinship matrix and the sub-population membership of the accessions. overall, 194 phenotype/genotype associations were uncovered, ...	2015	26284782
aubergine iclip reveals pirna-dependent decay of mrnas involved in germ cell development in the early embryo.	the piwi-interacting rna (pirna) pathway plays an essential role in the repression of transposons in the germline. other functions of pirnas such as post-transcriptional regulation of mrnas are now emerging. here, we perform iclip with the piwi protein aubergine (aub) and identify hundreds of maternal mrnas interacting with aub in the early drosophila embryo. gene expression profiling reveals that a proportion of these mrnas undergo aub-dependent destabilization during the maternal-to-zygotic tr ...	2015	26257181
krimper enforces an antisense bias on pirna pools by binding ago3 in the drosophila germline.	piwi-interacting rnas (pirnas) suppress transposon activity in animal germ cells. in the drosophila ovary, primary aubergine (aub)-bound antisense pirnas initiate the ping-pong cycle to produce secondary ago3-bound sense pirnas. this increases the number of secondary aub-bound antisense pirnas that can act to destroy transposon mrnas. here we show that krimper (krimp), a tudor-domain protein, directly interacts with pirna-free ago3 to promote symmetrical dimethylarginine (sdma) modification, ens ...	2015	26212455
exogenous proline application ameliorates toxic effects of arsenate in solanum melongena l. seedlings.	hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate an effect of exogenous application of proline (pro; 25 µm) in alleviating arsenate (as(v); 5 and 25 µm) toxicity in solanum melongena l. (eggplant) seedlings. exposure of as(v) declined growth of eggplant, which was coincided with an enhanced accumulation of as. however, exogenous pro application alleviated as(v) toxicity in eggplant seedlings by reducing the accumulation of as. the fluorescence characteristics (jip-test): φp0, ψ0, φe0, piabs, ...	2015	25881134
parallel reductions in phenolic constituents resulting from the domestication of eggplant.	crop domestication is often accompanied by changes in metabolite compositions that alter traits such as flavor, color, or other beneficial properties. fruits of eggplants (solanum melongena l.) and related species are abundant and diverse in pharmacologically interesting phenolic compounds, particularly hydroxycinnamic acid (hca) conjugates such as the antioxidant caffeoylquinic acids (cqa) and hca-polyamine amides (hcaa). to understand metabolite variability through the lens of natural and arti ...	2015	25813879
characterization and quantitative analysis of phenylpropanoid amides in eggplant (solanum melongena l.) by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry.	eggplant (solanum melongena l.) is a famous edible and medicinal plant. despite being widely cultivated and used, data on certain parts other than the fruit are limited. the present study focused on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical constituents, particularly phenylpropanoid amides (pas), in eggplant. the mass fragmentation patterns of pas were proposed using seven authentic compounds with the assistance of a hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer. thirty-seven ...	2015	25796999
evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of leaves of solanum melongena linn. in experimental animals.	aqueous extract of leaves of solanum melongena linn was investigated for its anti-inflammatory activity.	2015	25738003
purification, identification and preliminary crystallographic studies of an allergenic protein from solanum melongena.	solanum melongena (eggplant), a member of the solanaceae family, is a widely cultivated vegetable crop and is commonly used as a food throughout the world. allergic reactions caused by members of this family are well known. however, mechanistic analyses to understand their molecular basis have not been adequately explored. in order to address this issue, the 7s vicilin protein (sm80.1) of size 45 kda was purified from seeds of s. melongena by ammonium sulfate fractionation and size-exclusion chr ...	2015	25664800
activity-guided purification identifies lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene, as a therapeutic agent multiple pathogenic factors of acne.	acne vulgaris is a nearly universal cutaneous disease characterized by multifactorial pathogenic processes. because current acne medications have various side effects, investigating new pharmacologically active molecules is important for treating acne. as natural products generally provide various classes of relatively safe compounds with medicinal potentials, we performed activity-guided purification after a series of screenings from the extracts of five medicinal plants to explore alternative ...	2015	25647437
genetic diversity and population structure of wild/weedy eggplant (solanum insanum, solanaceae) in southern india: implications for conservation.	•	2015	25587156
the potential for crop to wild hybridization in eggplant (solanum melongena; solanaceae) in southern india.	•	2015	25587155
top-down expectancy versus bottom-up guidance in search for known color-form conjunctions.	we assessed the effects of pairing a target object with its familiar color on eye movements in visual search, under conditions where the familiar color could or could not be predicted. in experiment 1 participants searched for a yellow- or purple-colored corn target amongst aubergine distractors, half of which were yellow and half purple. search was more efficient when the color of the target was familiar and early eye movements more likely to be directed to targets carrying a familiar color tha ...	2015	26198709
isolation and immobilization of alkaline protease on mesoporous silica and mesoporous zsm-5 zeolite materials for improved catalytic properties.	alkaline protease from brinjal leaf (solanum melongena) having milk clotting activity has been purified to 9.44 fold to a final specific activity of 45.71 u/mg. sds-page of the final preparation revealed a single protein band of approx 14 kda. purified enzyme was characterized and was successfully immobilized into the amorphous mesoporous silica (sba-15) and crystalline mesoporous zeolite (nano-zsm-5) using entrapment method. maximum immobilization of 63.5% and 79.77% was obtained with sba-15 an ...	2015	29124151
the drosophila fragile x mental retardation protein participates in the pirna pathway.	rna metabolism controls multiple biological processes, and a specific class of small rnas, called pirnas, act as genome guardians by silencing the expression of transposons and repetitive sequences in the gonads. defects in the pirna pathway affect genome integrity and fertility. the possible implications in physiopathological mechanisms of human diseases have made the pirna pathway the object of intense investigation, and recent work suggests that there is a role for this pathway in somatic pro ...	2015	25908854
slicing and binding by ago3 or aub trigger piwi-bound pirna production by distinct mechanisms.	in drosophila ovarian germ cells, piwi-interacting rnas (pirnas) direct aubergine and argonaute3 to cleave transposon transcripts and instruct piwi to repress transposon transcription, thereby safeguarding the germline genome. here, we report that rna cleavage by argonaute3 initiates production of most piwi-bound pirnas. we find that the cardinal function of argonaute3, whose pirna guides predominantly correspond to sense transposon sequences, is to produce antisense pirnas that direct transcrip ...	2015	26340424
the three lineages of the diploid hybrid verticillium longisporum differ in virulence and pathogenicity.	verticillium longisporum is an economically important vascular pathogen of brassicaceae crops in different parts of the world. v. longisporum is a diploid hybrid that consists of three different lineages, each of which originated from a separate hybridization event between two different sets of parental species. we used 20 isolates representing the three v. longisporum lineages and the relative v. dahliae, and performed pathogenicity tests on 11 different hosts, including artichoke, cabbage, cau ...	2015	25585057
persian traditional medicine and ocular health.	the persian traditional medicine (ptm) system pays special attention to disease prevention. in ptm, physicians believe that overeating may cause accumulation of unhealthy substances in the body and diseases called "emtela." with respect to ocular health, foods can be categorized as beneficial and harmful. harmful foods such as beef, geese, eggplant, cauliflower, and cheese can cause reduced vision. dehydrating foods such as walnut and salty fish and hot foods such as garlic, onion, and pepper ca ...	2015	27800504
growth and physiological changes in continuously cropped eggplant (solanum melongena l.) upon relay intercropping with garlic (allium sativum l.).	relay intercropping represents an alternative for sustainable production of vegetables, but the changes of internally antioxidant defense combined with the growth and yield are not clear. field experiment was carried out to investigate the malondialdehyde (mda) content and activity levels of superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pod), polyphenol oxidase (ppo), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) in eggplant (solanum melongena l.) and plant height, stem diameter, maximal leaf area, and yield ...	2015	25964788
biocompatible colloidal dispersions as potential formulations of natural pyrethrins: a structural and efficacy study.	biocompatible colloidal dispersions of the micro- and nanoemulsion type based on lemon oil terpenes, polysorbates, water, and glycerol were used for the formulation of pyrethrins, botanical insecticides derived from the white pyrethrum daisy, tanacetum cinerariifolium. the proposed formulation is based on pyrethrin-containing water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions that could be diluted in one step with an aqueous phase to obtain kinetically stable oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsions. structural characte ...	2015	25946579
paramutation in drosophila requires both nuclear and cytoplasmic actors of the pirna pathway and induces cis-spreading of pirna production.	transposable element activity is repressed in the germline in animals by piwi-interacting rnas (pirnas), a class of small rnas produced by genomic loci mostly composed of te sequences. the mechanism of induction of pirna production by these loci is still enigmatic. we have shown that, in drosophila melanogaster, a cluster of tandemly repeated p-lacz-white transgenes can be activated for pirna production by maternal inheritance of a cytoplasm containing homologous pirnas. this activated state is ...	2015	26482790
pirna-mediated transposon regulation and the germ-line mutation rate in drosophila melanogaster males.	transposons, especially retrotransposons, are abundant in the genome of drosophila melanogaster. these mobile elements are regulated by small rnas that interact with the piwi family of proteins-the piwi-interacting or pirnas. the piwi proteins are encoded by the genes argonaute3 (ago3), aubergine (aub), and piwi. heterochromatin protein 1 (hp1), a chromatin-organizing protein encoded by the suppressor of variegation 205 [su(var)205] gene, also plays a role in this regulation. to assess the mutat ...	2015	25769182
effect of brick kiln emissions on commonly used vegetables of kashmir valley.	to study the impact of brick kiln emissions on plant growth and productivity, a study was conducted on various biochemical parameters of three main vegetables brassica oleracea l., phaseolus vulgaris l., and solanum melongena l. cultivated in the vicinity of the brick kiln area of the panzan village of district budgam (j&k). plants in the vicinity of brick kilns are direct recipients of emissions and therefore important materials for assessing potential effects of kiln pollutants. the biochemica ...	2015	26788302
genetic analysis of environmental strains of the plant pathogen phytophthora capsici reveals heterogeneous repertoire of effectors and possible effector evolution via genomic island.	phytophthora capsici is a virulent oomycete pathogen of many vegetable crops. recently, it has been demonstrated that the recognition of the rxlr effector avr3a1 of p. capsici (pcavr3a1) triggers a hypersensitive response and plays a critical role in mediating non-host resistance. here, we analyzed the occurrence of pcavr3a1 in 57 isolates of p. capsici derived from globe squash, eggplant, tomato and bell pepper cocultivated in a small geographical area. the occurrence of pcavr3a1 in environment ...	2015	26443834
development of one-tube real-time qrt-pcr and evaluation of rna extraction methods for the detection of eggplant mottled dwarf virus in different species.	a one-tube real-time qrt-pcr assay was developed, for the detection and quantification of eggplant mottled dwarf virus (emdv), a pathogen affecting cultivated and ornamental plants. the amplification efficiency of the assay was 98% and the linear range of quantification was from 20 to 2×10(8) rna transcripts. total rna extraction methods (three developed methods and one commercially available rna extraction kit) were evaluated using tissues from seven different plant species and synthetic emdv r ...	2015	25445799
first detection of klebsiella variicola producing oxa-181 carbapenemase in fresh vegetable imported from asia to switzerland.	the emergence and worldwide spread of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae is of great concern to public health services. the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in fresh vegetables and spices imported from asia to switzerland.	2015	26448862
viroid rna turnover: characterization of the subgenomic rnas of potato spindle tuber viroid accumulating in infected tissues provides insights into decay pathways operating in vivo.	while biogenesis of viroid rnas is well-known, how they decay is restricted to data involving host rna silencing. here we report an alternative degradation pathway operating on potato spindle tuber viroid (pstvd), the type species of nuclear-replicating viroids (family pospiviroidae). northern-blot hybridizations with full- and partial-length probes revealed a set of pstvd (+) subgenomic (sg)rnas in early-infected eggplant, some partially overlapping and reaching levels comparable to those of th ...	2015	25662219
phenylpropanoids accumulation in eggplant fruit: characterization of biosynthetic genes and regulation by a myb transcription factor.	phenylpropanoids are major secondary metabolites in eggplant (solanum melongena) fruits. chlorogenic acid (cga) accounts for 70-90% of total phenolics in flesh tissues, while anthocyanins are mainly present in the fruit skin. as a contribution to the understanding of the peculiar accumulation of these health-promoting metabolites in eggplant, we report on metabolite abundance, regulation of cga and anthocyanin biosynthesis, and characterization of candidate cga biosynthetic genes in s. melongena ...	2015	26858726
salinity-induced expression of hkt may be crucial for na(+) exclusion in the leaf blade of huckleberry (solanum scabrum mill.), but not of eggplant (solanum melongena l.).	reduced na(+) accumulation in the leaf blade is an important aspect of salinity tolerance and high affinity k(+) transporters (hkts) are known to play a significant role in the process. huckleberry and eggplant have previously been shown to display 'excluder' and 'includer' characteristics, respectively, under salt stress, but the underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. here, we isolated the cdna of the hkt homologs, solanum scabrum hkt (sshkt) from huckleberry and solanum melongena hk ...	2015	25796329
unequivocal enantiomeric identification and analysis of 10 chiral pesticides in fruit and vegetables by quechers method combined with liquid chromatography-quadruple/linear ion trap mass spectrometry determination.	in this research, 10 chiral pesticides in fruits and vegetables were simultaneously determined using chiral liquid chromatography triple quadrupole-linear ion trap hybrid mass spectrometry (lc-qqlit). the quechers method was applied for sample preparation, and an enhanced product ion (epi) scan was used to acquire tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) spectra for the library search. parameters including limit of detection (lod), limit of quantification (loq), linearity, relative standard deviation (r ...	2015	26392120
genome-enabled phylogeographic investigation of the quarantine pathogen ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 and screening for sources of resistance against its core effectors.	phylogeographic studies inform about routes of pathogen dissemination and are instrumental for improving import/export controls. genomes of 17 isolates of the bacterial wilt and potato brown rot pathogen ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 (r3bv2), a select agent in the united states, were thus analyzed to get insight into the phylogeography of this pathogen. thirteen of fourteen isolates from europe, africa, and asia were found to belong to a single clonal lineage while isolates from south a ...	2015	25710204
effect of number of bombus impatiens (hymenoptera: apidae) visits on eggplant yield.	eggplant (solanum melongena l.) is a crop with perfect flowers capable of self-pollination. insect pollination enhances fruit set, but little is known about how pollination success varies by number of visits from bumble bees. to quantify the efficiency of bumble bees at pollinating eggplants, we allowed 1, 2, 6, and 12 bumble bees (bombus impatiens cresson) to visit eggplant flowers and compared percentage of flowers that set fruit, fruit weight, and seed set after 3 wk. we compared yield from t ...	2015	26470277
in silico prediction of proteins related to xyloglucan fucosyltransferases in solanaceae genomes.	two independent studies have shown that the cell wall of pollen tubes from tobacco and tomato species contained fucosylated xyloglucan (xyg). these findings are intriguing as many reports have shown that xyg of somatic cells of these species is not fucosylated but instead is arabinosylated. in order to produce fucosylated xyg, plants must express a functional galactoside α-2-fucosyltransferase. here, using a bioinformatics approach, we show that several candidate genes coding for xyg fucosyltran ...	2015	26176901
structure-activity relationships of antimicrobial gallic acid derivatives from pomegranate and acacia fruit extracts against potato bacterial wilt pathogen.	bacterial wilts of potato, tomato, pepper, and or eggplant caused by ralstonia solanacearum are among the most serious plant diseases worldwide. in this study, the issue of developing bactericidal agents from natural sources against r. solanacearum derived from plant extracts was addressed. extracts prepared from 25 plant species with antiseptic relevance in egyptian folk medicine were screened for their antimicrobial properties against the potato pathogen r. solancearum by using the disc-zone i ...	2015	26080741
assessment of heavy metal pollution in vegetables and relationships with soil heavy metal distribution in zhejiang province, china.	there are increasing concerns on heavy metal contaminant in soils and vegetables. in this study, we investigated heavy metal pollution in vegetables and the corresponding soils in the main vegetable production regions of zhejiang province, china. a total of 97 vegetable samples and 202 agricultural soil samples were analyzed for the concentrations of cd, pb, as, hg, and cr. the average levels of cd, pb, and cr in vegetable samples [chinese cabbage (brassica campestris spp. pekinensis), pakchoi ( ...	2015	26013654
towards the identification of type iii effectors associated with ralstonia solanacearum virulence on tomato and eggplant.	for the development of pathogen-informed breeding strategies, identifying the microbial genes involved in interactions with the plant is a critical step. to identify type iii effector (t3e) repertoires associated with virulence of the bacterial wilt pathogen ralstonia solanacearum on solanaceous crops, we used an original association genetics approach combining dna microarray data and pathogenicity data on resistant eggplant, pepper, and tomato accessions. from this first screen, 25 t3es were fu ...	2015	26368514
genetic diversity of the bacterial wilt pathogen ralstonia solanacearum using a rapd marker.	bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum is a destructive disease of many economically important crop species. a significant variation in wilt incidence and severity in eggplant and potato was observed among the growing areas surveyed. r. solanacearum isolates obtained both from eggplant and potato belong to biovar iii, while isolates from eggplant belong to race 1 and isolates obtained from potato belong to race 3. random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique was used as a tool for ...	2015	26302834
survival and growth of salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7 and staphylococcus aureus in eggplant dip during storage.	eggplant dip is an internationally popular appetizer, prepared in some instances under uncertain hygienic conditions with inconsistent refrigeration. this study examined the effects of citric acid on the survival of pathogenic microorganisms (salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7 and staphylococcus aureus) and naturally present organisms (lactic acid bacteria, lab, aerobic bacteria, apc and yeast and mold, ym) in eggplant dip during storage. eggplant dip with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 or 0.8% ...	2015	25590259
characterization of bacteria degrading 3-hydroxy palmitic acid methyl ester (3oh-pame), a quorum sensing molecule of ralstonia solanacearum.	bacterial wilt pathogen ralstonia solanacearum causes severe crop loss of eggplant, which is of economic importance in india. 3-hydroxy palmitic acid methyl ester (3oh-pame) is the main quorum sensing molecule governing the expression of virulence factors in r. solanacearum. ability of 164 bacterial isolates from the xylem of eggplant (solanum melongena l.), chilli pepper (capsicum annuum l.) and wild eggplant (solanum torvum sw.) to degrade 3oh-pame was tested by disc diffusion assay. enzymatic ...	2015	25580768
chryseobacterium solani sp. nov., isolated from field-grown eggplant rhizosphere soil.	strain thg-ep9t, a gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from field-grown eggplant (solanum melongena) rhizosphere soil collected in pyeongtaek, gyeonggi-do, republic of korea. based on 16s rrna gene sequence comparisons, strain thg-ep9t had closest similarity with chryseobacterium ginsenosidimutans thg 15t (97.3 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity), chryseobacterium soldanellicola psd1-4t (97.2%), chryseobacterium zeae jm-1085t (97.2%) and chryseobacterium indo ...	2015	25878202
developing novel bacterial based bioformulation having pgpr properties for enhanced production of agricultural crops.	plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) are beneficial rhizobacteria which enhance plant growth as well as the productivity by a variety of mechanisms pgpr were isolated from the rhizosphere region of som plants (machilus bombycina king) maintained at the central muga eri research and training institute, lahdoigarh, jorhat. a bacterial based bioformulation was prepared and sprayed over the experimental crops including tomato (solanum lycopersicum), cauliflower (brassica oleracea var botrytis ...	2015	25675713
the wrky transcription factor genes in eggplant (solanum melongena l.) and turkey berry (solanum torvum sw.).	wrky transcription factors, which play critical roles in stress responses, have not been characterized in eggplant or its wild relative, turkey berry. the recent availability of rna-sequencing data provides the opportunity to examine wrky genes from a global perspective. we identified 50 and 62 wrky genes in eggplant (smelwrkys) and turkey berry (storwrkys), respectively, all of which could be classified into three groups (i-iii) based on the wrky protein structure. the smelwrkys and storwrkys c ...	2015	25853261
eggplant (solanum melongena l.) polyphenol oxidase multi-gene family: a phylogenetic evaluation.	polyphenol oxidases (ppos) in different solanum species including eggplant have been studied. ppos have been implicated in undesirable enzymatic browning of eggplant fruit and also in plant defense. the main objective of this study was to identify and accelerate the further functional characterization of additional eggplant ppos that are involved in food biochemistry and defense-related functions. eggplant ppos identified earlier were used in "basic local alignment search tool (blast)" search ag ...	2015	28324357
insecticide residues in soil, water, and eggplant fruits and farmers' health effects due to exposure to pesticides.	eggplant (solanum melongena l.) is an important vegetable crop that is widely cultivated in the tropical and subtropical areas in asia. globally, the top three eggplant producers are china, india, and egypt. the philippines has been one of the top 10 eggplant-producing countries based on area planted and crop productivity. this study aims to describe the insecticide residues found in soil, water, and eggplant fruits in eggplant farms in sta. maria, pangasinan.	2015	25413584
roles of catalase (cat) and ascorbate peroxidase (apx) genes in stress response of eggplant (solanum melongena l.) against cu(+2) and zn(+2) heavy metal stresses.	eggplant (solanum melongena l.) is a good source of minerals and vitamins and this feature makes its value comparable with tomato which is economically the most important vegetable worldwide. due to its common usage as food and in medicines, eggplant cultivation has a growing reputation worldwide. but genetic yield potential of an eggplant variety is not always attained, and it is limited by some factors such as heavy metal contaminated soils in today's world. today, one of the main objectives o ...	2015	26530238
ige response to two new allergen proteins of solanum melongena l. (eggplant).	a number of allergens from eggplant (solanum melongena l.) have been previously identified. in this study, we could detect ige reactivity of two allergic subjects' sera towards two protein bands of molecular mass of about 35 and 15 kda. as ige were reactive to both raw and cooked eggplant extracts, a heat-stable nature of these novel allergens is apparent.	2015	26455782
signs, symptoms and treatment of penile fracture.	penile fracture is an uncommon injury and requires urgent treatment, therefore emergency nurses should be aware of the signs and symptoms and understand the importance of immediate surgical referral. this article describes the anatomy and physiology of penile erection and the ways in which penile fracture can occur. it also outlines the management of patients and includes a case study of a fracture caused by vigorous masturbation.	2015	26451939
a new γ-alkylated-γ-butyrolactone from the roots of solanum melongena.	a new γ-alkylated-γ-butyrolactone, named melongenolide a (1), along with nine known compounds were obtained from the roots of solanum melongena, and their structures were identified as melongenolide a (1), (+)-syringaresinol (2), (+)-lyoniresinol (3), 5,5'-dimethoxy lariciresinol (4), (+)-(7r,8r)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7, 9-diol-7'-aldehyde (5), kaempferol-3-o-(2″,6″-di-o-p-trans-coumaroyl)-β-glucoside (6), arjunolic acid (7), vanillic acid (8), scoparone (9), ...	2015	26412430
long-distance transport of cadmium from roots to leaves of solanum melongena.	in this study, the characteristics of cadmium (cd) uptake by roots and translocation from roots to leaves of two eggplant species (solanum melongena and solanum torvum) under relatively low cd concentrations were investigated using stable (108)cd isotope through a number of hydroponic experiments. the uptake and translocation of (108)cd was compared with those of (70)zn and (15)n. the results showed more (108)cd was loaded to the vascular channels and translocated upward to the leaves in s. melo ...	2015	26407708
electrochromic properties of acid dye doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) by electropolymerization.	the electrochromic properties of an electrochemical polymerized composite consisted of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with acid red g (pedot-arg) are reported. the structures of pedot-arg were characterized via cycle voltammograms, spectroelectrochemistry and colorimetric analysis. film of the pedot-arg composites switches from aubergine in the reduction state to light blue in the oxidized state, which is different from the pure pedot of dark blue (-0.8 v) and light blue (1.0 v). because ...	2015	26353549
influence of helium-neon laser irradiation on seed germination in vitro and physico-biochemical characters in seedlings of brinjal (solanum melongena l.) var. mattu gulla.	in the present study, the seeds of brinjal (solanum melongena l.) var. mattu gulla were irradiated with single exposure of he-ne laser at different doses of 5-40 j cm(-2) and germinated aseptically. thirty day old seedlings were harvested and the germination, growth, physiological and biochemical parameters were estimated and compared with un-irradiated control seedlings. a significant enhancement in growth characters were noted with respect to length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots. i ...	2015	22515726
evaluation of suitable reference genes for normalization of qpcr gene expression studies in brinjal (solanum melongena l.) during fruit developmental stages.	brinjal/eggplant/aubergine is one of the major solanaceous vegetable crops. recent availability of genome information greatly facilitates the fundamental research on brinjal. gene expression patterns during different stages of fruit development can provide clues towards the understanding of its biological functions. quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) has become one of the most widely used methods for rapid and accurate quantification of gene expression. however, its success depends on the use of ...	2016	26472671
cooking influence on physico-chemical fruit characteristics of eggplant (solanum melongena l.).	physico-chemical traits of three eggplant genotypes ("tunisina", "buia" and "l 305") were evaluated before and after two cooking treatments (grilling and boiling). different genotypes revealed different changes after cooking, with "tunisina" showing a better retention of phytochemicals with respect to other two genotypes. the main physical phenomena were water loss during grilling, and dry matter loss after boiling. chlorogenic acid, the main phenolic in eggplant, resulted higher in grilled samp ...	2016	26471625
in vivo mapping of a dynamic ribonucleoprotein granule interactome in early drosophila embryos.	macromolecular complexes and organelles play crucial roles within cells, but their native architectures are often unknown. here, we use an evolutionarily conserved germline organelle, the germ granule, as a paradigm. in drosophila embryos, we map one of its interactomes using a novel in vivo crosslinking approach that employs two interacting granule proteins and determines their common neighbor molecules. we identified an in vivo granule assembly of tudor, aubergine, motor and metabolic proteins ...	2016	28203524
the effect of organic fertilizers and flowering plants on sheet-web and wolf spider populations (araneae: lycosidae and linyphiidae) and its importance for pest control.	the main goal of this study was to identify the treatment that increases the populations of spiders, which are effective predators in agroecosystems. in 2013 and 2014 the experimental eggplant (solanum melongena l.) field was two different treatments, organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizer treatment, and in 2014 we surrounded organic fertilizer plots with the flowering plants mealy cup sage (salvia farinacea benth.), spearmint (mentha spicata l.), and basil (ocimum basilicum l.). analysis u ...	2016	28076280
phylogenetic origin and diversification of rnai pathway genes in insects.	rna interference (rnai) refers to the set of molecular processes found in eukaryotic organisms in which small rna molecules mediate the silencing or down-regulation of target genes. in insects, rnai serves a number of functions, including regulation of endogenous genes, anti-viral defense, and defense against transposable elements. despite being well studied in model organisms, such as drosophila, the distribution of core rnai pathway genes and their evolution in insects is not well understood. ...	2016	28062756
phylogeographical structure in mitochondrial dna of eggplant fruit and shoot borer, leucinodes orbonalis guenée (lepidoptera: crambidae) in south and southeast asia.	leucinodes orbonalis is the most detrimental south and southeast asian insect pest of eggplant. to help reduce the impact of this pest, population genetic diversity and structure of l. orbonalis were examined in eight populations from six countries using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i dna sequences. no correlation between genetic diversity and geographic distance was detected among populations. low levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversities were observed in the philippines popu ...	2016	24491107
rna interference in the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata: identification of key contributors.	rna interference (rnai) is a useful reverse genetics tool for investigation of gene function as well as for practical applications in many fields including medicine and agriculture. rnai works very well in coleopteran insects including the colorado potato beetle (cpb), leptinotarsa decemlineata. we used a cell line (lepd-sl1) developed from cpb to identify genes that play key roles in rnai. we screened 50 genes with potential functions in rnai by exposing lepd-sl1 cells to dsrna targeting one of ...	2016	27687845
violet led light enhances the recruitment of a thrip predator in open fields.	the predatory bug orius sauteri is an indigenous natural enemy of thrips and whiteflies in asian countries. to put these bugs to practical use in pest management, methods to attract and retain the bugs in agricultural fields are needed. we previously showed that violet light (405 nm) attracts o. sauteri selectively. many thrips and whiteflies are attracted to uv or green light. in this study, we examined the effect of violet-led illumination on o. sauteri in pesticide-free eggplant (solanum melo ...	2016	27604315
resequencing of capsicum annuum parental lines (ycm334 and taean) for the genetic analysis of bacterial wilt resistance.	bacterial wilt (bw) is a widespread plant disease that affects a broad range of dicot and monocot hosts and is particularly harmful for solanaceous plants, such as pepper, tomato, and eggplant. the pathogen responsible for bw is the soil-borne bacterium, ralstonia solanacearum, which can adapt to diverse temperature conditions and is found in climates ranging from tropical to temperate. resistance to bw has been detected in some pepper plant lines; however, the genomic loci and alleles that medi ...	2016	27793102
nitrogen hurdle of host alternation for a polyphagous aphid and the associated changes of endosymbionts.	low proportion of essential amino acids (eaas) is one of the barriers for animals to use phloem as a diet. endosymbionts with eaas synthesis functions are considered crucial for ameliorating the lack of eaas in insects' diets. in this study, we transferred the insects from a cabbage-reared myzus persicae population onto 3 new plant species including eggplant, tobacco and spinach. the performance on these plants was evaluated and the dynamics of endosymbionts in relation to this host alternation ...	2016	27094934
overexpression of the eggplant (solanum melongena) nac family transcription factor smnac suppresses resistance to bacterial wilt.	bacterial wilt (bw) is a serious disease that affects eggplant (solanum melongena) production. although resistance to this disease has been reported, the underlying mechanism is unknown. in this study, we identified a nac family transcription factor (smnac) from eggplant and characterized its expression, its localization at the tissue and subcellular levels, and its role in bw resistance. to this end, transgenic eggplant lines were generated in which the expression of smnac was constitutively up ...	2016	27528282
new insights on eggplant/tomato/pepper synteny and identification of eggplant and pepper orthologous qtl.	eggplant, pepper, and tomato are the most exploited berry-producing vegetables within the solanaceae family. their genomes differ in size, but each has 12 chromosomes which have undergone rearrangements causing a redistribution of loci. the genome sequences of all three species are available but differ in coverage, assembly quality and percentage of anchorage. determining their syntenic relationship and qtl orthology will contribute to exploit genomic resources and genetic data for key agronomic ...	2016	27486463
draft genome sequences of nine strains of ralstonia solanacearum differing in virulence to eggplant (solanum melongena).	ralstonia solanacearum displays variability in its virulence to solanaceous crops. we report here the draft genome sequences of eight phylotype i strains and one phylotype iii strain differing in virulence to the resistant eggplant genotype ag91-25. these data will allow the identification of virulence- and avirulence-related genes.	2016	26823572
the historical role of species from the solanaceae plant family in genetic research.	this article evaluates the main contributions of tomato, tobacco, petunia, potato, pepper and eggplant to classical and molecular plant genetics and genomics since the beginning of the twentieth century. species from the solanaceae family form integral parts of human civilizations as food sources and drugs since thousands of years, and, more recently, as ornamentals. some solanaceous species were subjects of classical and molecular genetic research over the last 100 years. the tomato was one of ...	2016	27744490
crystal structure of the vicilin from solanum melongena reveals existence of different anionic ligands in structurally similar pockets.	crystal structure of a vicilin, sm80.1, was determined towards exploring its possible physiological functions. the protein was purified from solanum melongena by combination of ammonium sulphate fractionation and size exclusion chromatography. structure was determined ab initio at resolution of 1.5 å by x-ray crystallography showing the three-dimensional topology of the trimeric protein. each monomer of sm80.1 consists of two similar domains with hydrophobic binding pocket and each accommodating ...	2016	27004988
de novo assembly and characterization of the transcriptome of grasshopper shirakiacris shirakii.	the grasshopper shirakiacris shirakii is an important agricultural pest and feeds mainly on gramineous plants, thereby causing economic damage to a wide range of crops. however, genomic information on this species is extremely limited thus far, and transcriptome data relevant to insecticide resistance and pest control are also not available.	2016	27455245
duplication and diversification of dipteran argonaute genes, and the evolutionary divergence of piwi and aubergine.	genetic studies of drosophila melanogaster have provided a paradigm for rna interference (rnai) in arthropods, in which the microrna and antiviral pathways are each mediated by a single argonaute (ago1 and ago2) and germline suppression of transposable elements is mediated by a trio of piwi-subfamily argonaute proteins (ago3, aub, and piwi). without a suitable evolutionary context, deviations from this can be interpreted as derived or idiosyncratic. here we analyze the evolution of argonaute gen ...	2016	26868596
pirna pathway is not required for antiviral defense in drosophila melanogaster.	since its discovery, rna interference has been identified as involved in many different cellular processes, and as a natural antiviral response in plants, nematodes, and insects. in insects, the small interfering rna (sirna) pathway is the major antiviral response. in recent years, the piwi-interacting rna (pirna) pathway also has been implicated in antiviral defense in mosquitoes infected with arboviruses. using drosophila melanogaster and an array of viruses that infect the fruit fly acutely o ...	2016	27357659
field performance of bt eggplants (solanum melongena l.) in the philippines: cry1ac expression and control of the eggplant fruit and shoot borer (leucinodes orbonalis guenée).	plants expressing cry proteins from the bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis (bt), have become a major tactic for controlling insect pests in maize and cotton globally. however, there are few bt vegetable crops. eggplant (solanum melongena) is a popular vegetable grown throughout asia that is heavily treated with insecticides to control the eggplant fruit and shoot borer, leucinodes orbonalis (efsb). herein we provide the first publicly available data on field performance in asia of eggplant engine ...	2016	27322533