Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| molecular characterization of pvr9 that confers a hypersensitive response to pepper mottle virus (a potyvirus) in nicotiana benthamiana. | there are some r genes against potyviruses which were mapped in pepper. however, none of them has been characterized at the molecular level. in this study, we characterized pvr9 which is an rpi-blb2 ortholog from pepper and confers a hypersensitive response to pepper mottle virus (pepmov) in a transient expression system in nicotiana benthamiana. this gene putatively encoded for 1298 amino acids and is located on pepper chromosome 6. pepmov nib was the elicitor of the pvr9-mediated hypersensitiv ... | 2015 | 25776758 |
| in vivo localization of iris yellow spot tospovirus (bunyaviridae)-encoded proteins and identification of interacting regions of nucleocapsid and movement proteins. | localization and interaction studies of viral proteins provide important information about their replication in their host plants. tospoviruses (family bunyaviridae) are economically important viruses affecting numerous field and horticultural crops. iris yellow spot virus (iysv), one of the tospoviruses, has recently emerged as an important viral pathogen of allium spp. in many parts of the world. we studied the in vivo localization and interaction patterns of the iysv proteins in uninfected an ... | 2015 | 25781476 |
| evidence for different, host-dependent functioning of rx against both wild-type and recombinant pepino mosaic virus. | the potato rx gene provides resistance against pepino mosaic virus (pepmv) in tomato; however, recent work has suggested that the resistance conferred may not be durable. resistance breaking can probably be attributed to multiple mutations observed to accumulate in the capsid protein (cp) region of resistance-breaking isolates, but this has not been confirmed through directed manipulation of an infectious pepmv clone. the present work describes the introduction of two specific mutations, a-t78 a ... | 2016 | 25787776 |
| activation of senescence-associated dark-inducible (din) genes during infection contributes to enhanced susceptibility to plant viruses. | virus infections in plants cause changes in host gene expression that are common to other environmental stresses. in this work, we found extensive overlap in the transcriptional responses between arabidopsis thaliana plants infected with tobacco rattle virus (trv) and plants undergoing senescence. this is exemplified by the up-regulation during infection of several senescence-associated dark-inducible (din) genes, including atdin1 (senescence 1, sen1), atdin6 (asparagine synthetase 1, atasn1) an ... | 2016 | 25787925 |
| phylogenetic analysis and biolistic infectivity of a cloned sri lankan cassava mosaic virus dna-a from tamil nadu, india on nicotiana benthamiana. | the complete nucleotide sequence of sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) dna-a isolated from cassava in southern india was analyzed, a phylogenetic analysis with other begomoviral nucleotide sequences was performed and an efficient inoculation method of nicotiana benthamiana with the cloned dna was developed utilizing a biolistic device. the nucleotide sequence showed the conservation of all functional begomoviral protein domains and aligned most closely with begomoviruses reported from the i ... | 2015 | 25790052 |
| complete nucleotide sequences of two closely related tobacco rattle virus rna2s for which previously possibly only deletion/recombination mutants had been described. | the almost complete nucleotide (nt) sequences lacking only short primer-derived 5' and 3' terminal portions were determined for the rna2s of two closely related tobacco rattle virus (trv) isolates which were detected in recently infected roots of nicotiana benthamiana bait plants (isolate hab) or of field-grown potato plants (isolate haw), respectively. the sequences of c. 1350 5' proximal nts in these rna2s were almost identical to those in four previously described trv isolates from potatoes i ... | 2015 | 25791737 |
| the n-terminal domain of the tomato immune protein prf contains multiple homotypic and pto kinase interaction sites. | resistance to pseudomonas syringae bacteria in tomato (solanum lycopersicum) is conferred by the prf recognition complex, composed of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeats protein prf and the protein kinase pto. the complex is activated by recognition of the p. syringae effectors avrpto and avrptob. the n-terminal domain is responsible for prf homodimerization, which brings two pto kinases into close proximity and holds them in inactive conformation in the absence of either effector. negat ... | 2015 | 25792750 |
| ghwrky68 reduces resistance to salt and drought in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana. | the wrky transcription factors modulate numerous physiological processes, including plant growth, development and responses to various environmental stresses. currently, our understanding of the functions of the majority of the wrky family members and their possible roles in signalling crosstalk is limited. in particular, very few wrkys have been identified and characterised from an economically important crop, cotton. in this study, we characterised a novel group iic wrky gene, ghwrky68, which ... | 2015 | 25793865 |
| genome-wide analysis reveals dynamic changes in expression of micrornas during vascular cambium development in chinese fir, cunninghamia lanceolata. | micrornas (mirnas) are small noncoding regulatory rnas that play key roles in the process of plant development. to date, extensive studies of mirnas have been performed in a few model plants, but few efforts have focused on small rnas (srnas) in conifers because of the lack of reference sequences for their enormous genomes. in this study, solexa sequencing of three srna libraries obtained from dormant, reactivating, and active vascular cambium in chinese fir (cunninghamia lanceolata) using tangen ... | 2015 | 25795740 |
| the ghkl atpase morc1 modulates species-specific plant immunity in solanaceae. | the microrchidia (morc) proteins, a subset of the ghkl atpase superfamily, were recently described as components involved in transcriptional gene silencing and plant immunity in arabidopsis. to assess the role of morc1 during resistance to phytophthora infestans in solanaceous species, we altered the expression of the corresponding morc1 homologs in potato, tomato, and nicotiana benthamiana. basal resistance to p. infestans was compromised in stmorc1-silenced potato and enhanced in overexpressin ... | 2015 | 25822715 |
| gene targeting by the tal effector pthxo2 reveals cryptic resistance gene for bacterial blight of rice. | bacterial blight of rice is caused by the γ-proteobacterium xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, which utilizes a group of type iii tal (transcription activator-like) effectors to induce host gene expression and condition host susceptibility. five sweet genes are functionally redundant to support bacterial disease, but only two were experimentally proven targets of natural tal effectors. here, we report the identification of the sucrose transporter gene ossweet13 as the disease-susceptibility gene for ... | 2015 | 25824104 |
| cytoplastic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases interact with atg3 to negatively regulate autophagy and immunity in nicotiana benthamiana. | autophagy as a conserved catabolic pathway can respond to reactive oxygen species (ros) and plays an important role in degrading oxidized proteins in plants under various stress conditions. however, how ros regulates autophagy in response to oxidative stresses is largely unknown. here, we show that autophagy-related protein 3 (atg3) interacts with the cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (gapcs) to regulate autophagy in nicotiana benthamiana plants. we found that oxidative stress ... | 2015 | 25829441 |
| morphogenesis of endoplasmic reticulum membrane-invaginated vesicles during beet black scorch virus infection: role of auxiliary replication protein and new implications of three-dimensional architecture. | all well-characterized positive-strand rna viruses[(+)rna viruses] induce the formation of host membrane-bound viral replication complexes (vrcs), yet the underlying mechanism and machinery for vrc formation remain elusive. we report here the biogenesis and topology of the beet black scorch virus (bbsv) replication complex. distinct cytopathological changes typical of endoplasmic reticulum (er) aggregation and vesiculation were observed in bbsv-infected nicotiana benthamiana cells. immunogold la ... | 2015 | 25833056 |
| functional comparison of rna silencing suppressor between the p5 protein of rice grassy stunt virus and the p3 protein of rice stripe virus. | rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv) is a member of the genus tenuivirus, which includes rice stripe virus (rsv), as the type species. a viral suppressor of rna silencing (vsr) of rgsv has not been identified, whereas the p3 protein of rsv (rsvp3) encoded by the viral-sense (v) strand of rna3 has been reported to act as a vsr. in this study, we examined the vsr function of the p5 protein of rgsv (rgsvp5), encoded by vrna5. expecting it to correspond to the vrna3 of rsv, we compared the vsr function of ... | 2015 | 25836276 |
| global genome and transcriptome analyses of magnaporthe oryzae epidemic isolate 98-06 uncover novel effectors and pathogenicity-related genes, revealing gene gain and lose dynamics in genome evolution. | genome dynamics of pathogenic organisms are driven by pathogen and host co-evolution, in which pathogen genomes are shaped to overcome stresses imposed by hosts with various genetic backgrounds through generation of a variety of isolates. this same principle applies to the rice blast pathogen magnaporthe oryzae and the rice host; however, genetic variations among different isolates of m. oryzae remain largely unknown, particularly at genome and transcriptome levels. here, we applied genomic and ... | 2015 | 25837042 |
| transcriptional dynamics of phytophthora infestans during sequential stages of hemibiotrophic infection of tomato. | hemibiotrophic plant pathogens, such as the oomycete phytophthora infestans, employ a biphasic infection strategy, initially behaving as biotrophs, where minimal symptoms are exhibited by the plant, and subsequently as necrotrophs, feeding on dead plant tissue. the regulation of this transition and the breadth of molecular mechanisms that modulate plant defences are not well understood, although effector proteins secreted by the pathogen are thought to play a key role. we examined the transcript ... | 2016 | 25845484 |
| a library of synthetic transcription activator-like effector-activated promoters for coordinated orthogonal gene expression in plants. | a library of synthetic promoters containing the binding site of a single designer transcription activator-like effector (dtale) was constructed. the promoters contain a constant sequence, consisting of an 18-base long dtale-binding site and a tata box, flanked by degenerate sequences of 49 bases downstream and 19 bases upstream. forty-three of these promoters were sequenced and tested in transient assays in nicotiana benthamiana using a gus reporter gene. the strength of expression of the promot ... | 2015 | 25846505 |
| in vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation of plant virus nanocarriers. | the use of biological self-assembling materials, plant virus nanoparticles in particular, appears very intriguing as it allows a great choice of symmetries and dimensions, easy chemical and biological engineering of both surface and/or internal cavity as well as safe and rapid production in plants. in this perspective, we present an initial evaluation of the safety profile of two structurally different plant viruses produced in nicotiana benthamiana l. plants: the filamentous potato virus x and ... | 2015 | 25847457 |
| an annexin-like protein from the cereal cyst nematode heterodera avenae suppresses plant defense. | parasitism genes encoding secreted effector proteins of plant-parasitic nematodes play important roles in facilitating parasitism. an annexin-like gene was isolated from the cereal cyst nematode heterodera avenae (termed ha-annexin) and had high similarity to annexin 2, which encodes a secreted protein of globodera pallida. ha-annexin encodes a predicted 326 amino acid protein containing four conserved annexin domains. southern blotting revealed that there are at least two homologies in the h. a ... | 2015 | 25849616 |
| metabolic engineering of medium-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in nicotiana benthamiana plant leaf lipids. | various research groups are investigating the production of oil in non-seed biomass such as leaves. recently, high levels of oil accumulation have been achieved in plant biomass using a combination of biotechnological approaches which also resulted in significant changes to the fatty acid composition of the leaf oil. in this study, we were interested to determine whether medium-chain fatty acids (mcfa) could be accumulated in leaf oil. mcfa are an ideal feedstock for biodiesel and a range of ole ... | 2015 | 25852716 |
| analysis of genetic variation and diversity of rice stripe virus populations through high-throughput sequencing. | plant rna viruses often generate diverse populations in their host plants through error-prone replication and recombination. recent studies on the genetic diversity of plant rna viruses in various host plants have provided valuable information about rna virus evolution and emergence of new diseases caused by rna viruses. we analyzed and compared the genetic diversity of rice stripe virus (rsv) populations in oryza sativa (a natural host of rsv) and compared it with that of the rsv populations ge ... | 2015 | 25852724 |
| gbnv encoded movement protein (nsm) remodels er network via c-terminal coiled coil domain. | plant viruses exploit the host machinery for targeting the viral genome-movement protein complex to plasmodesmata (pd). the mechanism by which the non-structural protein m (nsm) of groundnut bud necrosis virus (gbnv) is targeted to pd was investigated using agrobacterium mediated transient expression of nsm and its fusion proteins in nicotiana benthamiana. gfp:nsm formed punctuate structures that colocalized with mcherry:plasmodesmata localized protein 1a (pdlp 1a) confirming that gbnv nsm local ... | 2015 | 25863878 |
| plant-based production of two chimeric monoclonal igg antibodies directed against immunodominant epitopes of vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide. | we have produced and characterized two chimeric human igg1 monoclonal antibodies that bind different immunodominant epitopes on vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (lps). mab 2d6 igg1 recognizes ogawa o-polysaccharide antigen, while mab zac-3 igg1 recognizes core/lipid a moiety of ogawa and inaba lps. both antibodies were expressed using a nicotiana benthamiana-based rapid antibody-manufacturing platform (ramp) and evaluated in vitro for activities associated with immunity to v. cholerae, includi ... | 2015 | 25865265 |
| arabidopsis thaliana homeobox 1 (athb1), a homedomain-leucine zipper i (hd-zip i) transcription factor, is regulated by phytochrome-interacting factor 1 to promote hypocotyl elongation. | arabidopsis thaliana homeobox 1 (athb1) is a homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factor described as a transcriptional activator with unknown function. its role in a. thaliana development was investigated. athb1 expression was analyzed in transgenic plants bearing its promoter region fused to reporter genes. knock-down mutant and overexpressor plant phenotypes were analyzed in different photoperiod regimes. athb1 was mainly expressed in hypocotyls and roots and up-regulated in seedlings gro ... | 2015 | 25865500 |
| pepper aldehyde dehydrogenase caaldh1 interacts with xanthomonas effector avrbst and promotes effector-triggered cell death and defence responses. | xanthomonas type iii effector avrbst induces hypersensitive cell death and defence responses in pepper (capsicum annuum) and nicotiana benthamiana. little is known about the host factors that interact with avrbst. here, we identified pepper aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (caaldh1) as an avrbst-interacting protein. bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the interaction between caaldh1 and avrbst in planta. caaldh1:smgfp fluorescence was detected in the cyto ... | 2015 | 25873668 |
| a transgenic plant cell-suspension system for expression of epitopes on chimeric bamboo mosaic virus particles. | we describe a novel strategy to produce vaccine antigens using a plant cell-suspension culture system in lieu of the conventional bacterial or animal cell-culture systems. we generated transgenic cell-suspension cultures from nicotiana benthamiana leaves carrying wild-type or chimeric bamboo mosaic virus (bamv) expression constructs encoding the viral protein 1 (vp1) epitope of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). antigens accumulated to high levels in bdt38 and bdt19 transgenic cell lines co-ex ... | 2016 | 25879277 |
| improving the large scale purification of the hiv microbicide, griffithsin. | griffithsin is a broad spectrum antiviral lectin that inhibits viral entry and maturation processes through binding clusters of oligomannose glycans on viral envelope glycoproteins. an efficient, scaleable manufacturing process for griffithsin active pharmaceutical ingredient (api) is essential for particularly cost-sensitive products such as griffithsin -based topical microbicides for hiv-1 prevention in resource poor settings. our previously published purification method used ceramic filtratio ... | 2015 | 25887919 |
| rna interference-based resistance in transgenic tomato plants against tomato yellow leaf curl virus-oman (tylcv-om) and its associated betasatellite. | tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), a monopartite begomovirus (family geminiviridae) is responsible for heavy yield losses for tomato production around the globe. in oman at least five distinct begomoviruses cause disease in tomato, including tylcv. unusually, tylcv infections in oman are sometimes associated with a betasatellite (tomato leaf curl betasatellite [tolcb]; a symptom modulating satellite). rna interference (rnai) can be used to develop resistance against begomoviruses at either t ... | 2015 | 25890080 |
| differential response of diverse solanaceous hosts to tomato leaf curl new delhi virus infection indicates coordinated action of nbs-lrr and rnai-mediated host defense. | tomato leaf curl new delhi virus (tolcndv) is a bipartite begomovirus (family geminiviridae) that infects a wide range of plants. tolcndv has emerged as an important pathogen and a serious threat to tomato production in india. a comparative and molecular analysis of tolcndv pathogenesis was performed on diverse solanaceous hosts (capsicum annuum, nicotiana benthamiana, n. tabacum, and solanum lycopersicum). n. benthamiana was found to be the most susceptible host, whereas c. annuum showed resist ... | 2015 | 25894479 |
| [[expression of house dust mite allergens der f1 and der f2 in nicotiana benthamiana leaves]. | the class e immunoglobulins (ige) is known to recognize conformational epitopes and therefore the native conformation of recombinant allergens is essential for their using in test-systems. recombinant dermatophagoides farinae house dust mite (hdm) allergens der f1 and der f2 were expressed in bacteria escherichia coli and nicotiana benthamiana plants. it has been shown that ige in sera from children allergic to hdm recognizes der f2 expressed both in e. coli and n. benthamiana. mature form of de ... | 2015 | 25898757 |
| characterization of plants expressing the human β1,4-galactosyltrasferase gene. | modification of the plant n-glycosylation pathway towards human type structures is an important strategy to implement plants as expression systems for therapeutic proteins. nevertheless, relatively little is known about the overall impact of non-plant glycosylation enzymes in stable transformed plants. here, we analyzed transgenic lines (nicotiana benthamiana and arabidopsis thaliana) that stably express a modified version of human β1,4-galactosyltransferase ((st)galt). while some transgenic pla ... | 2015 | 25900423 |
| the tyrosine aminomutase tam1 is required for β-tyrosine biosynthesis in rice. | non-protein amino acids, often isomers of the standard 20 protein amino acids, have defense-related functions in many plant species. a targeted search for jasmonate-induced metabolites in cultivated rice (oryza sativa) identified (r)-β-tyrosine, an isomer of the common amino acid (s)-α-tyrosine in the seeds, leaves, roots, and root exudates of the nipponbare cultivar. assays with 119 diverse cultivars showed a distinct presence/absence polymorphism, with β-tyrosine being most prevalent in temper ... | 2015 | 25901084 |
| expression, purification, and characterization of the necator americanus aspartic protease-1 (na-apr-1 (m74)) antigen, a component of the bivalent human hookworm vaccine. | over 400 million people living in the world's poorest developing nations are infected with hookworms, mostly of the genus necator americanus. a bivalent human hookworm vaccine composed of the necator americanus glutathione s-transferase-1 (na-gst-1) and the necator americanus aspartic protease-1 (na-apr-1 (m74)) is currently under development by the sabin vaccine institute product development partnership (sabin pdp). both monovalent vaccines are currently in phase 1 trials. both na-gst-1 and na- ... | 2015 | 25905574 |
| nucleotide sequence-homology-independent breakdown of transgenic resistance by more virulent virus strains and a potential solution. | controlling plant viruses by genetic engineering, including the globally important papaya ringspot virus (prsv), mainly involves coat protein (cp) gene mediated resistance via post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs). however, the breakdown of single- or double-virus resistance in cp-gene-transgenic papaya by more virulent prsv strains has been noted in repeated field trials. recombination analysis revealed that the gene silencing suppressor hc-pro or cp of the virulent prsv strain 5-19 is res ... | 2015 | 25913508 |
| rnai mediated broad-spectrum transgenic resistance in nicotiana benthamiana to chilli-infecting begomoviruses. | two rnai constructs were designed targeting chilli-infecting begomoviruses and associated betasatellites. broad-spectrum resistance was achieved against multiple begomoviruses associated with leaf curl disease of chillies in india. chilli leaf curl disease (chilcd) caused by begomoviruses (family: geminiviridae) has emerged as one of the most devastating viral diseases of chilli, especially in the indian sub-continent. the severity of disease incidence is expanding at an alarming rate due to the ... | 2015 | 25916177 |
| sequences enhancing cassava mosaic disease symptoms occur in the cassava genome and are associated with south african cassava mosaic virus infection. | cassava is an important food security crop in sub-saharan africa. two episomal begomovirus-associated sequences, named sequences enhancing geminivirus symptoms (segs1 and segs2), were identified in field cassava affected by the devastating cassava mosaic disease (cmd). the sequences reportedly exacerbated cmd symptoms in the tolerant cassava landrace tme3, and the model plants arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana benthamiana, when biolistically co-inoculated with african cassava mosaic virus-camer ... | 2016 | 25920485 |
| acpip2, a plasma membrane intrinsic protein from halophyte atriplex canescens, enhances plant growth rate and abiotic stress tolerance when overexpressed in arabidopsis thaliana. | an aquaporin protein acpip2 from atriplex canescens was involved in plant growth rate, abiotic stress tolerance in arabidopsis. under limited water condition, acpip2 leaded to the sensitivity to drought stress. an aquaporin protein (acpip2) was obtained from the saltbush atriplex canescens, which was in pip2 subgroup belonging to the pip subfamily, mip superfamily. the subcellular localization of acpip2 showed the fusion protein acpip2-egfp located at the plasma membrane in nicotiana benthamiana ... | 2015 | 25947559 |
| characterization and comparative analysis of promoters from three plant pararetroviruses associated with dahlia (dahlia variabilis). | two distinct caulimoviruses, dahlia mosaic virus (dmv) and dahlia common mosaic virus (dcmv), and an endogenous plant pararetroviral sequence (dveprs, formerly known as dmv-d10) were reported from dahlia (dahlia spp). promoter elements from these dahlia-associated pararetroviruses were identified and characterized. the tata box, the caat box, the transcription start site, the polyadenylation signal, and regulation factors, characteristic of caulimovirus promoters, were present in each of these p ... | 2015 | 25947569 |
| viral elements and host cellular proteins in intercellular movement of bamboo mosaic virus. | as a member of the genus potexvirus, bamboo mosaic virus (bamv) also belongs to the plant viruses that encode triple gene block proteins (tgbps) for intercellular movement within the host plants. recent studies of the movement mechanisms of bamv have revealed similarities and differences between bamv and other potexviruses. this review focuses on the general aspects of viral and host elements involved in bamv movement, the interactions among these elements, and the possible pathways for intra- a ... | 2015 | 25951346 |
| satellite rnas interfere with the function of viral rna silencing suppressors. | viral satellite rnas (satrnas) are small subviral rnas and depend on the helper virus for replication and spread. satrnas can attenuate helper virus-induced symptoms, the mechanism of which remains unclear. here, we show that two virus-encoded suppressors of rna silencing (vsrs), cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) 2b and tombusvirus p19, suppress hairpin rna (hprna)-induced silencing of a β-glucuronidase (gus) gene in nicotiana benthamiana. this suppression can be overcome by cmv y-satellite rna (y-sat ... | 2015 | 25964791 |
| properties of satellite tobacco mosaic virus phenotypes expressed in the presence and absence of helper virus. | in this study, we assembled an agrobacterium-based transient expression system for the ectopic expression of satellite tobacco mosaic virus (stmv) (+) or (-) transcripts and their biological activity was confirmed when nicotiana benthamiana plants were co-expressed with helper tobacco mosaic virus replicase. characterization of stmv in the presence and absence of its hv revealed: (i) hv-dependent expression of stmv (+) in n. benthamiana, but not in n. tabacum, generated a replication-deficient b ... | 2015 | 25974867 |
| visual monitoring of cucumber mosaic virus infection in nicotiana benthamiana following transmission by the aphid vector myzus persicae. | the single-stranded, positive-sense and tripartite rna virus cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) was used in this study as a method for monitoring the initial stages of virus infection following aphid transmission. the rna2 of cmv was modified to incorporate, in a variety of arrangements, an open reading frame (orf) encoding an enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp). the phenotypes of five engineered rna2s were tested in nicotiana tabacum, nicotiana clevelandii and nicotiana benthamiana. only one con ... | 2015 | 25979730 |
| construction of an infectious clone of a plant rna virus in a binary vector using one-step gibson assembly. | the construction of full-length infectious clones of rna viruses is often laborious due to the many cloning steps required and the dna exclusion within the plasmid during escherichia coli transformation. we demonstrate single-step cloning procedure of an infectious cdna of the tomato blistering mosaic virus (tobmv) using gibson assembly (ga), which drastically reduces the number of cloning steps. by agro-inoculation with the construct obtained by this procedure, tobmv was recovered six days post ... | 2015 | 25986144 |
| a terpenoid phytoalexin plays a role in basal defense of nicotiana benthamiana against potato virus x. | terpenoid phytoalexins function as defense compound against a broad spectrum of pathogens and pests in the plant kingdom. however, the role of phytoalexin in antiviral defense is still elusive. in this study, we identified the biosynthesis pathway of a sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin, capsidiol 3-acetate as an antiviral response against rna virus potato virus x (pvx) in nicotiana benthamiana. nbtps1 and nbeah genes were found strongly induced by pvx-infection. enzymatic activity and genetic evidence ... | 2015 | 25993114 |
| two novel motifs of watermelon silver mottle virus nss protein are responsible for rna silencing suppression and pathogenicity. | the nss protein of watermelon silver mottle virus (wsmov) is the rna silencing suppressor and pathogenicity determinant. in this study, serial deletion and point-mutation mutagenesis of conserved regions (cr) of nss protein were performed, and the silencing suppression function was analyzed through agroinfiltration in nicotiana benthamiana plants. we found two amino acid (aa) residues, h113 and y398, are novel functional residues for rna silencing suppression. our further analyses demonstrated t ... | 2015 | 25993336 |
| phosphorylation of tgb1 by protein kinase ck2 promotes barley stripe mosaic virus movement in monocots and dicots. | the barley stripe mosaic virus (bsmv) triple gene block 1 (tgb1) protein is required for virus cell-to-cell movement. however, little information is available about how these activities are regulated by post-translational modifications. in this study, we showed that the bsmv xinjiang strain tgb1 (xjtgb1) is phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro by protein kinase ck2 from barley and nicotiana benthamiana. liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis and in vitro phosphorylation assays de ... | 2015 | 25998907 |
| the agrobacterium tumefaciens ti plasmid virulence gene vire2 reduces sri lankan cassava mosaic virus infection in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants. | cassava mosaic disease is a major constraint to cassava cultivation worldwide. in india, the disease is caused by indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv). the agrobacterium ti plasmid virulence gene vire2, encoding a nuclear-localized, single-stranded dna binding protein, was introduced into nicotiana benthamiana to develop tolerance against slcmv. leaf discs of transgenic n. benthamiana plants, harboring the vire2 gene, complemented a vire2 mutation in a. ... | 2015 | 26008704 |
| a member of the phosphate transporter 1 (pht1) family from the arsenic-hyperaccumulating fern pteris vittata is a high-affinity arsenate transporter. | pteris vittata exhibits enhanced arsenic uptake, but the corresponding mechanisms are not well known. the prevalent form of arsenic in most soils is arsenate, which is a phosphate analog and a substrate for phosphate transporter 1 (pht1) transporters. herein we identify and characterize three p. vittata pht1 transporters. pteris vittata pht1 cdnas were isolated and characterized via heterologous expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and nicotiana benthamiana leaves. expression of the pv ... | 2016 | 26010225 |
| the ac5 protein encoded by mungbean yellow mosaic india virus is a pathogenicity determinant that suppresses rna silencing-based antiviral defenses. | it is generally accepted that begomoviruses in the family geminiviridae encode four proteins (from ac1/c1 to ac4/c4) using the complementary-sense dna as template. although ac5/c5 coding sequences are increasingly annotated in databases for many begomoviruses, the evolutionary relationships and functions of this putative protein in viral infection are obscure. here, we demonstrate several important functions of the ac5 protein of a bipartite begomovirus, mungbean yellow mosaic india virus (mymiv ... | 2015 | 26010321 |
| arabidopsis lectin receptor kinases lecrk-ix.1 and lecrk-ix.2 are functional analogs in regulating phytophthora resistance and plant cell death. | l-type lectin receptor kinases (lecrk) are potential immune receptors. here, we characterized two closely-related arabidopsis lecrk, lecrk-ix.1 and lecrk-ix.2, of which t-dna insertion mutants showed compromised resistance to phytophthora brassicae and phytophthora capsici, with double mutants showing additive susceptibility. overexpression of lecrk-ix.1 or lecrk-ix.2 in arabidopsis and transient expression in nicotiana benthamiana increased phytophthora resistance but also induced cell death. p ... | 2015 | 26011556 |
| the maize cytochrome p450 cyp79a61 produces phenylacetaldoxime and indole-3-acetaldoxime in heterologous systems and might contribute to plant defense and auxin formation. | plants produce a group of aldoxime metabolites that are well known as volatiles and as intermediates in cyanogenic glycoside and glucosinolate biosynthesis in particular plant families. recently it has been demonstrated that aldoximes can also accumulate as part of direct plant defense in poplar. cytochrome p450 enzymes of the cyp79 family were shown to be responsible for the formation of aldoximes from their amino acid precursors. | 2015 | 26017568 |
| new tools for ntd vaccines: a case study of quality control assays for product development of the human hookworm vaccine na-apr-1m74. | na-apr-1(m74) is an aspartic protease that is rendered enzymatically inactive by site-directed mutagenesis and is a candidate antigen component in the human hookworm vaccine. the mutant protease exerts vaccine efficacy by inducing antibodies that neutralize the enzymatic activity of wild type enzyme (na-apr-1wt) in the gut of the hookworm, thereby depriving the worm of its ability to digest its blood meal. previously, canines immunized with na-apr-1(m74) and challenged with ancylostoma caninum w ... | 2015 | 26018444 |
| phosphatidic acid produced by phospholipase d promotes rna replication of a plant rna virus. | eukaryotic positive-strand rna [(+)rna] viruses are intracellular obligate parasites replicate using the membrane-bound replicase complexes that contain multiple viral and host components. to replicate, (+)rna viruses exploit host resources and modify host metabolism and membrane organization. phospholipase d (pld) is a phosphatidylcholine- and phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing enzyme that catalyzes the production of phosphatidic acid (pa), a lipid second messenger that modulates diverse intr ... | 2015 | 26020241 |
| plant translation elongation factor 1bβ facilitates potato virus x (pvx) infection and interacts with pvx triple gene block protein 1. | the eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 (eef1) has two components: the g-protein eef1a and the nucleotide exchange factor eef1b. in plants, eef1b is itself composed of a structural protein (eef1bγ) and two nucleotide exchange subunits (eef1bα and eef1bβ). to test the effects of elongation factors on virus infection, we isolated eef1a and eef1b genes from pepper (capsicum annuum) and suppressed their homologs in nicotiana benthamiana using virus-induced gene silencing (vigs). the accumulat ... | 2015 | 26020533 |
| towards elucidating carnosic acid biosynthesis in lamiaceae: functional characterization of the three first steps of the pathway in salvia fruticosa and rosmarinus officinalis. | carnosic acid (ca) is a phenolic diterpene with anti-tumour, anti-diabetic, antibacterial and neuroprotective properties that is produced by a number of species from several genera of the lamiaceae family, including salvia fruticosa (cretan sage) and rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary). to elucidate ca biosynthesis, glandular trichome transcriptome data of s. fruticosa were mined for terpene synthase genes. two putative diterpene synthase genes, namely sfcps and sfksl, showing similarities to copa ... | 2015 | 26020634 |
| rapid high-yield expression of a candidate influenza vaccine based on the ectodomain of m2 protein linked to flagellin in plants using viral vectors. | the extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (m2e) of influenza a virus is a promising target for the development of a universal vaccine against influenza because m2e sequences are highly conserved among human influenza a strains. however, native m2e is poorly immunogenic, but its immunogenicity can be increased by delivery in combination with adjuvants or carrier particles. it was previously shown that fusion of m2e to bacterial flagellin, the ligand for toll-like receptor (tlr) 5 and powerful ... | 2015 | 26022390 |
| generation and characterization of a trackable plant-made influenza h5 virus-like particle (vlp) containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp). | medicago, inc. has developed an efficient virus-like particle (vlp) vaccine production platform using the nicotiana benthamiana expression system, and currently has influenza-based products targeting seasonal/pandemic hemagglutinin (ha) proteins in advanced clinical trials. we wished to generate a trackable ha-based vlp that would allow us to study both particle assembly in plants and vlp interactions within the mammalian immune system. to this end, a fusion protein was designed, composed of h5 ... | 2015 | 26038124 |
| activity and specificity of trv-mediated gene editing in plants. | plant trait engineering requires efficient targeted genome-editing technologies. clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (crisprs)/ crispr associated (cas) type ii system is used for targeted genome-editing applications across eukaryotic species including plants. delivery of genome engineering reagents and recovery of mutants remain challenging tasks for in planta applications. recently, we reported the development of tobacco rattle virus (trv)-mediated genome editing in nicotiana be ... | 2015 | 26039254 |
| a phytophthora sojae cytoplasmic effector mediates disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance in nicotiana benthamiana. | each oomycete pathogen encodes a large number of effectors. some effectors can be used in crop disease resistance breeding, such as to accelerate r gene cloning and utilisation. since cytoplasmic effectors may cause acute physiological changes in host cells at very low concentrations, we assume that some of these effectors can serve as functional genes for transgenic plants. here, we generated transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants that express a phytophthora sojae crn (crinkling and necrosis) ... | 2015 | 26039925 |
| small rna profiles of wild-type and silencing suppressor-deficient tomato spotted wilt virus infected nicotiana benthamiana. | tospoviruses are plant-infecting viruses belonging to the family bunyaviridae. we used a collection of wild-type, phylogenetically distinct tomato spotted wilt virus isolates and related silencing-suppressor defective mutants to study the effects on the small rna (srna) accumulation during infection of nicotiana benthamiana. our data showed that absence of a functional silencing suppressor determined a marked increase of the total amount of viral srnas (vsrnas), and specifically of the 21 nt cla ... | 2015 | 26047586 |
| pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 type iii secretion effector polymutants reveal an interplay between hopad1 and avrptob. | the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 suppresses the two-tiered plant innate immune system by injecting a complex repertoire of type iii secretion effector (t3e) proteins. beyond redundancy and interplay, individual t3es may interact with multiple immunity-associated proteins, rendering their analysis challenging. we constructed a pst dc3000 polymutant lacking all 36 t3es and restored individual t3es or their mutants to explore the interplay among t3es. the weakly express ... | 2015 | 26067603 |
| gibson assembly: an easy way to clone potyviral full-length infectious cdna clones expressing an ectopic vpg. | approaches to simplify and accelerate the construction of full-length infectious cdna clones for plant potyviruses have been described, based on cloning strategies involving in vitro ligation or homologous recombination in yeast. in the present study, we developed a faster and more efficient in vitro recombination system using gibson assembly (ga), to engineer a lettuce mosaic virus (lmv) infectious clone expressing an ectopic mcherry-tagged vpg (viral protein genome-linked) for in planta subcel ... | 2015 | 26070311 |
| tomato sl3-mmp, a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family, is required for disease resistance against botrytis cinerea and pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000. | matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases. mmps have been characterized in detail in mammals and shown to play key roles in many physiological and pathological processes. although mmps in some plant species have been identified, the function of mmps in biotic stress responses remains elusive. | 2015 | 26070456 |
| identification of low ca(2+) stress-induced embryo apoptosis response genes in arachis hypogaea by ssh-associated library lift (sshall). | calcium is a universal signal in the regulation of wide aspects in biology, but few are known about the function of calcium in the control of early embryo development. ca(2+) deficiency in soil induces early embryo abortion in peanut, producing empty pods, which is a general problem; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. in this study, embryo abortion was characterized to be caused by apoptosis marked with cell wall degradation. using a method of ssh cdna libraries associated with l ... | 2016 | 26079063 |
| crystal structure of the effector avrlm4-7 of leptosphaeria maculans reveals insights into its translocation into plant cells and recognition by resistance proteins. | the avirulence gene avrlm4-7 of leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of stem canker in brassica napus (oilseed rape), confers a dual specificity of recognition by two resistance genes (rlm4 and rlm7) and is strongly involved in fungal fitness. in order to elucidate the biological function of avrlm4-7 and understand the specificity of recognition by rlm4 and rlm7, the avrlm4-7 protein was produced in pichia pastoris and its crystal structure was determined. it revealed the presence of four di ... | 2015 | 26082394 |
| phylogenomics of xanthomonas field strains infecting pepper and tomato reveals diversity in effector repertoires and identifies determinants of host specificity. | bacterial spot disease of pepper and tomato is caused by four distinct xanthomonas species and is a severely limiting factor on fruit yield in these crops. the genetic diversity and the type iii effector repertoires of a large sampling of field strains for this disease have yet to be explored on a genomic scale, limiting our understanding of pathogen evolution in an agricultural setting. genomes of 67 xanthomonas euvesicatoria (xe), xanthomonas perforans (xp), and xanthomonas gardneri (xg) strai ... | 2015 | 26089818 |
| phosphorylation of beet black scorch virus coat protein by pka is required for assembly and stability of virus particles. | plant virus coat proteins (cps) play a fundamental role in protection of genomic rnas, virion assembly, and viral movement. although phosphorylation of several cps during virus infection have been reported, little information is available about cp phosphorylation of the spherical rna plant viruses. here, we demonstrate that the cp of beet black scorch virus (bbsv), a member of the genus necrovirus, can be phosphorylated at threonine-41 (t41) by camp-dependent protein kinase (pka)-like kinase in ... | 2015 | 26108567 |
| a geminivirus betasatellite damages the structural and functional integrity of chloroplasts leading to symptom formation and inhibition of photosynthesis. | geminivirus infection often causes severe vein clearing symptoms in hosts. recently a betasatellite has emerged as a key regulator of symptom induction. to understand the host-betasatellite interactions in the process of symptom development, a systematic study was carried out involving symptoms induced by a betasatellite associated with radish leaf curl disease (ralcb) in nicotiana benthamiana. it has been found that βc1 protein localized to chloroplasts of host cells, and ralcb lacking βc1, whi ... | 2015 | 26113193 |
| mild and severe cereal yellow dwarf viruses differ in silencing suppressor efficiency of the p0 protein. | viral pathogenicity has often been correlated to the expression of the viral encoded-rna silencing suppressor protein (ssp). the silencing suppressor activity of the p0 protein encoded by cereal yellow dwarf virus-rpv (cydv-rpv) and -rps (cydv-rps), two poleroviruses differing in their symptomatology was investigated. cydv-rpv displays milder symptoms in oat and wheat whereas cydv-rps is responsible for more severe disease. we showed that both p0 proteins (p0(cy-rpv) and p0(cy-rps)) were able to ... | 2015 | 26116275 |
| expression of sant/hth myb mrna, a plant morphogenesis-regulating transcription factor, changes due to viroid infection. | potato spindle tuber viroid (pstvd) belongs to plant-pathogenic, circular, non-coding rnas. its propagation is accompanied by (mis)regulation of host genes and induction of pathogenesis symptoms including changes of leaf morphogenesis depending on the strength of viroid variant. we found strong genotype-dependent suppression of tomato morphogenesis-regulating transcription factor sant/hth-myb (slmyb) due to viroid pathogenesis. its relative mrna level was found to be significantly decreased in p ... | 2015 | 26118459 |
| tight regulation of plant immune responses by combining promoter and suicide exon elements. | effector-triggered immunity (eti) is activated when plant disease resistance (r) proteins recognize the presence of pathogen effector proteins delivered into host cells. the eti response generally encompasses a defensive 'hypersensitive response' (hr) that involves programmed cell death at the site of pathogen recognition. while many r protein and effector protein pairs are known to trigger hr, other components of the eti signaling pathway remain elusive. effector genes regulated by inducible pr ... | 2015 | 26138488 |
| tomato slrbohb, a member of the nadph oxidase family, is required for disease resistance against botrytis cinerea and tolerance to drought stress. | nadph oxidases (also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs, rbohs) are key enzymes that catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) in plants. in the present study, eight slrboh genes were identified in tomato and their possible involvement in resistance to botrytis cinerea and drought tolerance was examined. expression of slrbohs was induced by b. cinerea and pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato but displayed distinct patterns. virus-induced gene silencing based silencing of slrbo ... | 2015 | 26157450 |
| complete genome sequence and construction of infectious full-length cdna clones of tobacco ringspot nepovirus, a viral pathogen causing bud blight in soybean. | tobacco ringspot virus (trsv, genus nepovirus), causes severe diseases in soybean and tobacco plants. trsv-induced bud blight disease significantly reduced both the yield and quality of soybeans. the function of the encoded viral gene product involved in trsv infection was unclear due to the limitation of reverse genetics studies on the viral genome. here, we represent the successful construction of infectious full-length cdna clones of trsv genome (rna1 and rna2). the cdnas of trsv rna1 and rna ... | 2015 | 26159876 |
| a phytophthora sojae glycoside hydrolase 12 protein is a major virulence factor during soybean infection and is recognized as a pamp. | we identified a glycoside hydrolase family 12 (gh12) protein, xeg1, produced by the soybean pathogen phytophthora sojae that exhibits xyloglucanase and β-glucanase activity. it acts as an important virulence factor during p. sojae infection but also acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp) in soybean (glycine max) and solanaceous species, where it can trigger defense responses including cell death. gh12 proteins occur widely across microbial taxa, and many of these gh12 proteins in ... | 2015 | 26163574 |
| the nucleolar gtpase nucleostemin-like 1 plays a role in plant growth and senescence by modulating ribosome biogenesis. | nucleostemin is a nucleolar gtp-binding protein that is involved in stem cell proliferation, embryonic development, and ribosome biogenesis in mammals. plant nucleostemin-like 1 (nsn1) plays a role in embryogenesis, and apical and floral meristem development. in this study, a nucleolar function of nsn1 in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis was identified. green fluorescent protein (gfp)-fused nsn1 localized to the nucleolus, which was primarily determined by its n-terminal domain. recombinant ... | 2015 | 26163696 |
| isolation, production and characterization of fully human monoclonal antibodies directed to plasmodium falciparum msp10. | semi-immunity against the malaria parasite is defined by a protection against clinical episodes of malaria and is partially mediated by a repertoire of inhibitory antibodies directed against the blood stage of plasmodium falciparum, in particular against surface proteins of merozoites, the invasive form of the parasite. such antibodies may be used for preventive or therapeutic treatment of p. falciparum malaria. here, the isolation and characterization of novel human monoclonal antibodies (humab ... | 2015 | 26174014 |
| the alternative respiratory pathway is involved in brassinosteroid-induced environmental stress tolerance in nicotiana benthamiana. | brassinosteroids (brs), plant steroid hormones, play essential roles in modulating cell elongation, vascular differentiation, senescence, and stress responses. however, the mechanisms by which brs regulate plant mitochondria and resistance to abiotic stress remain largely unclear. mitochondrial alternative oxidase (aox) is involved in the plant response to a variety of environmental stresses. in this report, the role of aox in br-induced tolerance against cold, polyethylene glycol (peg), and hig ... | 2015 | 26175355 |
| in silico prediction of proteins related to xyloglucan fucosyltransferases in solanaceae genomes. | two independent studies have shown that the cell wall of pollen tubes from tobacco and tomato species contained fucosylated xyloglucan (xyg). these findings are intriguing as many reports have shown that xyg of somatic cells of these species is not fucosylated but instead is arabinosylated. in order to produce fucosylated xyg, plants must express a functional galactoside α-2-fucosyltransferase. here, using a bioinformatics approach, we show that several candidate genes coding for xyg fucosyltran ... | 2015 | 26176901 |
| degradation of class e mads-domain transcription factors in arabidopsis by a phytoplasmal effector, phyllogen. | members of the sepallata (sep) gene sub-family encode class e floral homeotic mads-domain transcription factors (mads tfs) that specify the identity of floral organs. the arabidopsis thaliana genome contains 4 ancestrally duplicated and functionally redundant sep genes, sep1-4. recently, a gene family of unique effectors, phyllogens, was identified as an inducer of leaf-like floral organs in phytoplasmas (plant pathogenic bacteria). while it was shown that phyllogens target some mads tfs, includ ... | 2015 | 26179462 |
| over-expression of rice cbs domain containing protein, oscbsx3, confers rice resistance to magnaporthe oryzae inoculation. | cystathionine β-synthase (cbs) domain containing proteins (cdcps) constitute a big family in plants and some members in this family have been implicated in a variety of biological processes, but the precise functions and the underlying mechanism of the majority of this family in plant immunity remain to be elucidated. in the present study, a cbs domain containing protein gene, oscbsx3, is functionally characterized in rice resistance against magnaporthe oryzae (m. oryzae). by quantitative real-t ... | 2015 | 26184180 |
| functional characterization of cucumis metuliferus proteinase inhibitor gene (cmspi) in potyviruses resistance. | proteinase inhibitors are ubiquitous proteins that block the active center or interact allosterically with proteinases and are involved in plant physiological processes and defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. the cmspi gene identified from cucumis metuliferus encodes a serine type pi (8 kda) that belongs to potato i type family. to evaluate the effect of silencing cmspi gene on papaya ringspot virus resistance, rna interference (rnai) with an inter-space hairpin rna (ihprna) constr ... | 2015 | 26184285 |
| cell death-inducing stresses are required for defense activation in ds1-phosphatidic acid phosphatase-silenced nicotiana benthamiana. | we previously identified ds1 plants that showed resistance to compatible ralstonia solanacearum with accelerated defense responses. here, we describe activation mechanisms of defense responses in ds1 plants. after inoculation with incompatible r. solanacearum 8107, ds1 plants showed hyperinduction of hypersensitive response (hr) and reactive oxygen species (ros) generation. transient expression of popp1 and avra induced hyperinduction of hr and ros generation. furthermore, pseudomonas cichorii ( ... | 2015 | 26188395 |
| leishmania tarentolae: an alternative approach to the production of monoclonal antibodies to treat emerging viral infections. | monoclonal antibody therapy has an important role to play as a post-exposure prophylactic and therapeutic for the treatment of viral infections, including emerging infections. for example, several patients of the present ebola virus outbreak in west africa were treated with zmapp, a cocktail of three monoclonal antibodies which are expressed in nicotiana benthamiana. | 2015 | 26191408 |
| high levels of cyclic-di-gmp in plant-associated pseudomonas correlate with evasion of plant immunity. | the plant innate immune system employs plasma membrane-localized receptors that specifically perceive pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns (pamps/mamps). this induces a defence response called pattern-triggered immunity (pti) to fend off pathogen attack. commensal bacteria are also exposed to potential immune recognition and must employ strategies to evade and/or suppress pti to successfully colonize the plant. during plant infection, the flagellum has an ambiguous role, acting as both ... | 2015 | 26202381 |
| p2 of rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv) and p6 and p9 of rice ragged stunt virus (rrsv) isolates from vietnam exert suppressor activity on the rna silencing pathway. | in vietnam, the two main viruses that cause disease in rice are the rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv) and the rice ragged stunt virus (rrsv). outbreaks of these two viruses have dramatically decreased rice production in vietnam. because natural resistance genes are unknown, an rnai strategy may be an alternative method to develop resistance to rgsv and rrsv. however, this strategy will be efficient only if putative silencing suppressors encoded by the two viruses are neutralized. to identify these ... | 2015 | 26215087 |
| role of proline and pyrroline-5-carboxylate metabolism in plant defense against invading pathogens. | pyrroline-5-carboxylate (p5c) is an intermediate product of both proline biosynthesis and catabolism. recent evidences indicate that proline-p5c metabolism is tightly regulated in plants, especially during pathogen infection and abiotic stress. however, role of p5c and its metabolism in plants has not yet been fully understood. studies indicate that p5c synthesized in mitochondria has a role in both resistance (r)-gene-mediated and non-host resistance against invading pathogens. proline dehydrog ... | 2015 | 26217357 |
| a novel gene, ozone-responsive apoplastic protein1, enhances cell death in ozone stress in rice. | a novel protein, ozone-responsive apoplastic protein1 (osorap1), was characterized, which was previously suggested as a candidate gene underlying ozt9, a quantitative trait locus for ozone stress tolerance in rice (oryza sativa). the sequence of osorap1 was similar to that of ascorbate oxidase (ao) proteins. it was localized in the apoplast, as shown by transient expression of an osorap1/green fluorescent protein fusion construct in nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal and mesophyll cells, but d ... | 2015 | 26220952 |
| turnip vein clearing virus movement protein nuclear activity: do tobamovirus movement proteins play a role in immune response suppression? | plant viruses' cell-to-cell movement requires the function of virally encoded movement proteins (mps). the tobamovirus, tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) has served as the model virus to study the activities of single mps. however, since tmv does not infect the model plant arabidopsis thaliana i have used a related tobamovirus, turnip vein-clearing virus (tvcv). i recently showed that, despite belonging to the same genus, the behavior of the 2 viruses mps differ significantly during infection. most not ... | 2015 | 26237173 |
| five xanthomonas type iii effectors suppress cell death induced by components of immunity-associated map kinase cascades. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades play a fundamental role in signaling of plant immunity and mediate elicitation of cell death. xanthomonas spp. manipulate plant signaling by using a type iii secretion system to deliver effector proteins into host cells. we examined the ability of 33 xanthomonas effectors to inhibit cell death induced by overexpression of components of mapk cascades in nicotiana benthamiana plants. five effectors inhibited cell death induced by overexpression of m ... | 2015 | 26237448 |
| characterisation and diagnosis of frangipani mosaic virus from india. | frangipani mosaic virus (frmv) is known to infect frangipani tree (plumeria rubra f. acutifolia) in india but the virus has not been characterized at genomic level and diagnosis is not available. in the present study, an isolate of frmv (frmv-ind-1) showing greenish mosaic and vein-banding symptoms in p. rubra f. acutifolia in new delhi was characterized based on host reactions, serology and genome sequence. the virus isolate induced local symptoms on several new experimental host species: capsi ... | 2015 | 26239043 |
| anti-infective immunoadhesins from plants. | immunoadhesins are recombinant proteins that combine the ligand-binding region of a receptor or adhesion molecule with immunoglobulin constant domains. all fda-approved immunoadhesins are designed to modulate the interaction of a human receptor with its normal ligand, such as etanercept (enbrel(®) ), which interferes with the binding of tumour necrosis factor (tnf) to the tnf-alpha receptor and is used to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. like antibodies, immunoadhesins h ... | 2015 | 26242703 |
| distinct cellular locations of carbonic anhydrases mediate carbon dioxide control of stomatal movements. | elevated carbon dioxide (co2) in leaves closes stomatal apertures. research has shown key functions of the β-carbonic anhydrases (βca1 and βca4) in rapid co2-induced stomatal movements by catalytic transmission of the co2 signal in guard cells. however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, because initial studies indicate that these arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) βcas are targeted to distinct intracellular compartments upon expression in tobacco (nicotiana benthamiana) cells. which cell ... | 2015 | 26243620 |
| additional diterpenes from physcomitrella patens synthesized by copalyl diphosphate/kaurene synthase (ppcps/ks). | the bifunctional diterpene synthase, copalyl diphosphate/kaurene synthase from the moss physcomitrella patens (ppcps/ks), catalyses the formation of at least four diterpenes, including ent-beyerene, ent-sandaracopimaradiene, ent-kaur-16-ene, and 16-hydroxy-ent-kaurene. the enzymatic activity has been confirmed through generation of a targeted ppcps/ks knock-out mutant in p. patens via homologous recombination, through transient expression of ppcps/ks in nicotiana benthamiana, and expression of p ... | 2015 | 26248039 |
| l-type lectin receptor kinases in nicotiana benthamiana and tomato and their role in phytophthora resistance. | membrane-bound receptors play crucial roles as sentinels of plant immunity against a large variety of invading microbes. one class of receptors known to be involved in self/non-self-surveillance and plant resistance comprises the l-type lectin receptor kinases (lecrks). previously, we reported that several arabidopsis lecrks play a role in resistance to phytophthora pathogens. in this study, we determined whether homologues of these lecrks from the solanaceous plants nicotiana benthamiana and to ... | 2015 | 26248665 |
| xanthomonas campestris cell-cell signalling molecule dsf (diffusible signal factor) elicits innate immunity in plants and is suppressed by the exopolysaccharide xanthan. | several secreted and surface-associated conserved microbial molecules are recognized by the host to mount the defence response. one such evolutionarily well-conserved bacterial process is the production of cell-cell signalling molecules which regulate production of multiple virulence functions by a process known as quorum sensing. here it is shown that a bacterial fatty acid cell-cell signalling molecule, dsf (diffusible signal factor), elicits innate immunity in plants. the dsf family of signal ... | 2015 | 26248667 |
| transcriptional transitions in nicotiana benthamiana leaves upon induction of oil synthesis by wrinkled1 homologs from diverse species and tissues. | carbon accumulation and remobilization are essential mechanisms in plants to ensure energy transfer between plant tissues with different functions or metabolic needs and to support new generations. knowledge about the regulation of carbon allocation into oil (triacylglycerol) in plant storage tissue can be of great economic and environmental importance for developing new high-yielding oil crops. here, the effect on global gene expression as well as on physiological changes in leaves transiently ... | 2015 | 26253704 |
| the arabidopsis lectin euls3 is involved in stomatal closure. | plants synthesize carbohydrate binding proteins in response to adverse environmental conditions such as drought, heat, pathogen attack, etc. the arabidopsis euls3 lectin (referred to as aratheuls3, encoded by at2g39050) has recently been linked to the drought stress response. in this study, endogenous binding partners for this protein have been investigated. tandem affinity purifications and mass spectrometry analyses allowed the identification of two putative interacting proteins, embryo-specif ... | 2015 | 26259197 |
| heterologous expression of moss light-harvesting complex stress-related 1 (lhcsr1), the chlorophyll a-xanthophyll pigment-protein complex catalyzing non-photochemical quenching, in nicotiana sp. | oxygenic photosynthetic organisms evolved mechanisms for thermal dissipation of energy absorbed in excess to prevent formation of reactive oxygen species. the major and fastest component, called non-photochemical quenching, occurs within the photosystem ii antenna system by the action of two essential light-harvesting complex (lhc)-like proteins, photosystem ii subunit s (psbs) in plants and light-harvesting complex stress-related (lhcsr) in green algae and diatoms. in the evolutionary intermedi ... | 2015 | 26260788 |
| expression and functional analysis of wrky transcription factors in chinese wild hazel, corylus heterophylla fisch. | plant wrky transcription factors are known to regulate various biotic and abiotic stress responses. in this study we identified a total of 30 putative wrky unigenes in a transcriptome dataset of the chinese wild hazel, corylus heterophylla, a species that is noted for its cold tolerance. thirteen full-length of these chwrky genes were cloned and found to encode complete protein sequences, and they were divided into three groups, based on the number of wrky domains and the pattern of zinc finger ... | 2015 | 26270529 |
| analysis of tospovirus nss proteins in suppression of systemic silencing. | rna silencing is a sequence-specific gene regulation mechanism that in plants also acts antiviral. in order to counteract antiviral rna silencing, viruses have evolved rna silencing suppressors (rss). in the case of tospoviruses, the non-structural nss protein has been identified as the rss. although the tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) tospovirus nss protein has been shown to exhibit affinity to long and small dsrna molecules, its ability to suppress the non-cell autonomous part of rna silencin ... | 2015 | 26275304 |