| rice black-streaked dwarf virus p10 induces membranous structures at the er and elicits the unfolded protein response in nicotiana benthamiana. | endoplasmic reticular (er) membrane modifications play an important role in viral rna replication and virion assembly but little is known about the involvement of er-membrane remodeling in the infection cycle of fijiviruses in plant cells. the subcellular localization of rice black-streaked dwarf virus outer capsid p10 was therefore examined using live-cell imaging. p10 fused to egfp formed vesicular structures associated with er membranes in nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells and in rice pro ... | 2013 | 24210107 |
| nonstructural protein p7-2 encoded by rice black-streaked dwarf virus interacts with skp1, a core subunit of scf ubiquitin ligase. | rice black-streaked dwarf virus (rbsdv), a member of the genus fijivirus within the family reoviridae, causes severe damage to cereal crops in south east asia. the protein p7-2, encoded by the second open reading frame of segment s7, is conserved among most plant-infecting fijiviruses, but its function is still obscure. | 2013 | 24176102 |
| identification and characterization of the interaction between viroplasm-associated proteins from two different plant-infecting reoviruses and eef-1a of rice. | a rice protein homologous to eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1a (eef-1a) was found to interact with the pns6 of rice ragged stunt virus (rrsv), the type member of the genus oryzavirus, family reoviridae, in yeast two-hybrid screening. the interaction between the rice protein, designated oseef-1a, and rrsv pns6 was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. besides pns6, oseef-1a also interacted with the viroplasm matrix protein, pns10, of rrsv. when expressed together, oseef ... | 2013 | 23605590 |
| interactions between the p6 and p5-1 proteins of southern rice black-streaked dwarf fijivirus in yeast and plant cells. | southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (srbsdv) is a recently described member of the genus fijivirus, family reoviridae. the roles of the proteins encoded by the srbsdv genome have rarely been studied. in a yeast two-hybrid (yth) assay in which srbsdv p6, a putatively multifunctional protein, was used as bait and an srbsdv cdna library was used as prey, there was a strong interaction between the p6 and p5-1 proteins. the interaction was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complement (bifc) ... | 2013 | 23474918 |
| rice grassy stunt virus p5 interacts with two protein components of the plant-specific cbl-cipk ca(+2) signaling network of rice. | rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv) is a tenuivirus posing a threat to rice production in many south, southeast, and east asian countries. to date, no host factor interacting with rgsv has been reported. in this study, we screened a rice cdna library with the gal4-based yeast two-hybrid system using rgsv p5 as the bait. one of the candidate host factors interacting with rgsv p5 was found to be cbl-interacting protein kinase 25 (oscipk25), a member of the plant-specific cbl-cipk ca(2+) signaling netwo ... | 2017 | 28213698 |
| p2 of rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv) and p6 and p9 of rice ragged stunt virus (rrsv) isolates from vietnam exert suppressor activity on the rna silencing pathway. | in vietnam, the two main viruses that cause disease in rice are the rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv) and the rice ragged stunt virus (rrsv). outbreaks of these two viruses have dramatically decreased rice production in vietnam. because natural resistance genes are unknown, an rnai strategy may be an alternative method to develop resistance to rgsv and rrsv. however, this strategy will be efficient only if putative silencing suppressors encoded by the two viruses are neutralized. to identify these ... | 2015 | 26215087 |
| functional comparison of rna silencing suppressor between the p5 protein of rice grassy stunt virus and the p3 protein of rice stripe virus. | rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv) is a member of the genus tenuivirus, which includes rice stripe virus (rsv), as the type species. a viral suppressor of rna silencing (vsr) of rgsv has not been identified, whereas the p3 protein of rsv (rsvp3) encoded by the viral-sense (v) strand of rna3 has been reported to act as a vsr. in this study, we examined the vsr function of the p5 protein of rgsv (rgsvp5), encoded by vrna5. expecting it to correspond to the vrna3 of rsv, we compared the vsr function of ... | 2015 | 25836276 |
| identification and regulation of host genes related to rice stripe virus symptom production. | viral infections cause plant chlorosis, stunting, necrosis or other symptoms. the down-regulation of chloroplast-related genes (chrgs) is assumed to be responsible for chlorosis. we identified the differentially expressed genes (degs) in rice stripe virus (rsv)-infected nicotiana benthamiana, and examined the contribution of 75 down-regulated degs to rsv symptoms by silencing them one by one using tobacco rattle virus (trv)-induced gene silencing. silencing of 11 of the 75 down-regulated degs ca ... | 2016 | 26487490 |
| interaction of hsp20 with a viral rdrp changes its sub-cellular localization and distribution pattern in plants. | small heat shock proteins (shsps) perform a fundamental role in protecting cells against a wide array of stresses but their biological function during viral infection remains unknown. rice stripe virus (rsv) causes a severe disease of rice in eastern asia. oshsp20 and its homologue (nbhsp20) were used as baits in yeast two-hybrid (yth) assays to screen an rsv cdna library and were found to interact with the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) of rsv. interactions were confirmed by pull-dow ... | 2015 | 26359114 |
| analysis of genetic variation and diversity of rice stripe virus populations through high-throughput sequencing. | plant rna viruses often generate diverse populations in their host plants through error-prone replication and recombination. recent studies on the genetic diversity of plant rna viruses in various host plants have provided valuable information about rna virus evolution and emergence of new diseases caused by rna viruses. we analyzed and compared the genetic diversity of rice stripe virus (rsv) populations in oryza sativa (a natural host of rsv) and compared it with that of the rsv populations ge ... | 2015 | 25852724 |
| heat shock protein 70 is necessary for rice stripe virus infection in plants. | heat shock proteins 70 (hsp70s) are a highly conserved family of genes in eukaryotes, and are involved in a remarkable variety of cellular processes. in many plant positive-stranded rna viruses, hsp70 participates in the construction of a viral replication complex and plays various roles during viral infection. here, we found increased expression of hsp70 following infection by rice stripe virus (rsv), a negative-stranded rna virus, in both rice (the natural host) and nicotiana benthamiana (an e ... | 2014 | 24823923 |
| transcription of orfs on rna2 and rna4 of rice stripe virus terminate at an auccggau sequence that is conserved in the genus tenuivirus. | rice stripe virus, the type member of the genus tenuivirus, has four genomic rnas. rnas 2-4 have an ambisense coding strategy and the noncoding intergenic regions (irs) separating the two orfs are thought to function in termination of transcription. sequencing the 3'-untranslated region of transcripts from rna2 and rna4 in virus-infected oryza sativa (the natural host), nicotiana benthamiana (an experimental host) and laodelphax striatellus (the vector), showed that the sequences of p2 and pc2 t ... | 2013 | 23624227 |
| the rice stripe virus pc4 functions in movement and foliar necrosis expression in nicotiana benthamiana. | the rice stripe virus (rsv) pc4 has been determined as the viral movement protein (mp). in this study, the pc4 gene was cloned into a movement-deficient tobacco mosaic virus (tmv). the resulting hybrid tmv-pc4, in addition to spreading cell to cell in nicotiana tabacum, moved systemically and induced foliar necrosis in nicotiana benthamiana, indicating novel functions of the rsv mp. a systematic alanine-scanning mutagenesis study established the region k(122)-d(258) of the pc4 substantially asso ... | 2012 | 22305130 |
| total biosynthesis of the cyclic amp booster forskolin from coleus forskohlii. | forskolin is a unique structurally complex labdane type diterpenoid used in the treatment of glaucoma and heart failure based on its activity as a cyclic amp booster. commercial production of forskolin relies exclusively on extraction from its only known natural source, the plant coleus forskohlii, in which forskolin accumulates in the root cork. here we report the discovery of five cytochrome p450s and two acetyltransferases which catalyze a cascade of reactions converting the forskolin precurs ... | 2017 | 28290983 |
| identification of a drimenol synthase and drimenol oxidase from persicaria hydropiper, involved in the biosynthesis of insect deterrent drimanes. | the sesquiterpenoid polygodial, belonging to the drimane family, has been shown to be an antifeedant for a number of herbivorous insects. it is presumed to be synthesized from farnesyl diphosphate via drimenol, subsequent c-12 hydroxylation, and further oxidations at both c-11 and c-12 to form a dialdehyde. here, we have identified a drimenol synthase (phds) and a cytochrome p450 drimenol oxidase (phdox1) from persicaria hydropiper. expression of phds in yeast and plants resulted in production o ... | 2017 | 28258968 |
| increasing the carbohydrate storage capacity of plants by engineering a glycogen-like polymer pool in the cytosol. | global demand for higher crop yields and for more efficient utilization of agricultural products will grow over the next decades. here, we present a new concept for boosting the carbohydrate content of plants, by channeling photosynthetically fixed carbon into a newly engineered glucose polymer pool. we transiently expressed the starch/glycogen synthases from either saccharomyces cerevisiae or cyanidioschyzon merolae, together with the starch branching enzyme from c. merolae, in the cytosol of n ... | 2017 | 28216105 |
| two subclasses of differentially expressed tps1 genes and biochemically active tps1 proteins may contribute to sugar signalling in kiwifruit actinidia chinensis. | trehalose metabolism and its intermediate trehalose-6-phosphate (t6p) are implicated in sensing and signalling sucrose availability. four class i trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (tps1) genes were identified in kiwifruit, three of which have both the tps and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (tpp) domain, while the fourth gene gives rise to a truncated transcript. the transcript with highest sequence homology to arabidopsis tps1, designated tps1.1a was the most highly abundant tps1 transcript in a ... | 2016 | 27992562 |
| two h-type thioredoxins interact with the e2 ubiquitin conjugase pho2 to fine-tune phosphate homeostasis in rice. | phosphate overaccumulator2 (pho2) encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating e2 enzyme that is a major negative regulator of the inorganic phosphate (pi)-starvation response-signaling pathway. a yeast two-hybrid (y2h) screen in rice (oryza sativa; os) using ospho2 as bait revealed an interaction between ospho2 and two h-type thioredoxins, ostrxh1 and ostrxh4. these interactions were confirmed in vivo using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) of ospho2 and ostrxh1/h4 in rice protoplasts and by i ... | 2017 | 27895204 |
| comparative analyses of ubiquitin-like atg8 and cysteine protease atg4 autophagy genes in the plant lineage and cross-kingdom processing of atg8 by atg4. | autophagy is important for degradation and recycling of intracellular components. in a diversity of genera and species, orthologs and paralogs of the yeast atg4 and atg8 proteins are crucial in the biogenesis of double-membrane autophagosomes that carry the cellular cargoes to vacuoles and lysosomes. although many plant genome sequences are available, the atg4 and atg8 sequence analysis is limited to some model plants. we identified 28 atg4 and 116 atg8 genes from the available 18 different plan ... | 2016 | 27540766 |
| aldo-keto reductase enzymes detoxify glyphosate and improve herbicide resistance in plants. | in recent years, concerns about the use of glyphosate-resistant (gr) crops have increased because of glyphosate residual levels in plants and development of herbicide-resistant weeds. in spite of identifying glyphosate detoxifying genes from microorganisms, the plant mechanism to detoxify glyphosate has not been studied. we characterized an aldo-keto reductase gene from pseudomonas (psakr1) and rice (osakr1) and showed, by docking studies, both psakr1 and osakr1 can efficiently bind to glyphosat ... | 2016 | 27611904 |
| soybean golgi snare 12 protein interacts with soybean mosaic virus encoded p3n-pipo protein. | soybean mosaic virus (smv), a member of the potyvirus genus, is one of the most prevalent and devastating viral pathogens in soybean-growing regions worldwide. it is generally accepted that symptom development of a viral plant disease results from molecular interactions between the virus and its host plant. p3n-pipo, as a trans-frame protein consisting of the amino-terminal half of p3 fused to pipo of the potyvirus, plays a key role of viral cell-to-cell movement. this study provides evidence th ... | 2016 | 27553272 |
| analysis of magnaporthe oryzae genome reveals a fungal effector, which is able to induce resistance response in transgenic rice line containing resistance gene, pi54. | rice blast caused by magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most important diseases of rice. pi54, a rice gene that imparts resistance to m. oryzae isolates prevalent in india, was already cloned but its avirulent counterpart in the pathogen was not known. after decoding the whole genome of an avirulent isolate of m. oryzae, we predicted 11440 protein coding genes and then identified four candidate effector proteins which are exclusively expressed in the infectious structure, appresoria. in silico pro ... | 2016 | 27551285 |
| the grapevine uncharacterized intrinsic protein 1 (vvxip1) is regulated by drought stress and transports glycerol, hydrogen peroxide, heavy metals but not water. | a mip (major intrinsic protein) subfamily called uncharacterized intrinsic proteins (xip) was recently described in several fungi and eudicot plants. in this work, we cloned a xip from grapevine, vvxip1, and agrobacterium-mediated transformation studies in nicotiana benthamiana revealed that the encoded aquaporin shows a preferential localization at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. stopped-flow spectrometry in vesicles from the aqy-null yeast strain ysh1172 overexpressing vvxip1 showed that v ... | 2016 | 27504956 |
| a r2r3-myb transcription factor regulates the flavonol biosynthetic pathway in a traditional chinese medicinal plant, epimedium sagittatum. | flavonols as plant secondary metabolites with vital roles in plant development and defense against uv light, have been demonstrated to be the main bioactive components (bcs) in the genus epimedium plants, several species of which are used as materials for herba epimedii, an important traditional chinese medicine. the flavonol biosynthetic pathway genes had been already isolated from epimedium sagittatum, but a r2r3-myb transcription factor regulating the flavonol synthesis has not been functiona ... | 2016 | 27493658 |
| an extracellular zn-only superoxide dismutase from puccinia striiformis confers enhanced resistance to host-derived oxidative stress. | accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) following plant-pathogen interactions can trigger plant defence responses and directly damage pathogens. thus, it is essential for pathogens to scavenge host-derived ros to establish a parasitic relationship. however, the mechanisms protecting pathogens from host-derived oxidative stress remain unclear. in this study, a superoxide dismutase (sod) gene, pssod1, was cloned from a wheat-puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst) interaction cdna library. ... | 2016 | 27399209 |
| the aquaporin splice variant nbxip1;1α is permeable to boric acid and is phosphorylated in the n-terminal domain. | aquaporins (aqps) are membrane channel proteins that transport water and uncharged solutes across different membranes in organisms in all kingdoms of life. in plants, the aqps can be divided into seven different subfamilies and five of these are present in higher plants. the most recently characterized of these subfamilies is the xip subfamily, which is found in most dicots but not in monocots. in this article, we present data on two different splice variants (α and β) of nbxip1;1 from nicotiana ... | 2016 | 27379142 |
| 14-3-3 protein mediates plant seed oil biosynthesis through interaction with atwri1. | plant 14-3-3 proteins are phosphopeptide-binding proteins, belonging to a large family of proteins involved in numerous physiological processes including primary metabolism, although knowledge about the function of 14-3-3s in plant lipid metabolism is sparse. wrinkled1 (wri1) is a key transcription factor that governs plant oil biosynthesis. at present, atwri1-interacting partners remain largely unknown. here, we show that 14-3-3 proteins are able to interact with atwri1, both in yeast and plant ... | 2016 | 27322486 |
| a novel rice protein family of oshigds may be involved in early signalling of hypoxia-promoted stem growth in deepwater rice. | oshigds was identified as a novel hypoxia-responsive protein family. among them, oshigd2 is characterized as a mitochondrial protein and is related to hypoxia signalling through interacting with mitochondrial proteins of critical functions in reducing cell damages caused by hypoxia. recent evidence supports ethylene as a key factor in modulating plant responses to submergence stress. meanwhile, there has been general consent that ethylene is not the only signal for the submergence-induced stem g ... | 2016 | 27306456 |
| mir169 and its target paghap2-6 regulated by aba are involved in poplar cambium dormancy. | dormancy is an effective strategy for perennial plants in temperate zones to survive the winter stress. micrornas (mirnas) have been well known as important regulators for various biological processes. in this study, we checked the expression of mir169 members in the cambium zone during dormancy and active growth in poplar and found that they had distinct expression patterns. we identified and characterized a dormancy-specific target gene of mir169, paghap2-6. 5' race assays confirmed the direct ... | 2016 | 27111502 |
| tobacco ring e3 ligase ntrfp1 mediates ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of a geminivirus-encoded βc1. | the βc1 protein encoded by the tomato yellow leaf curl china virus-associated betasatellite functions as a pathogenicity determinant. to better understand the molecular basis whereby βc1 functions in pathogenicity, a yeast two-hybrid screen of a tobacco cdna library was carried out using βc1 as the bait. the screen revealed that βc1 interacts with a tobacco ring-finger protein designated ntrfp1, which was further confirmed by the bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitatio ... | 2016 | 27018391 |
| potato nph3/rpt2-like protein stnrl1, targeted by a phytophthora infestans rxlr effector, is a susceptibility factor. | plant pathogens deliver effectors to manipulate host processes. we know little about how fungal and oomycete effectors target host proteins to promote susceptibility, yet such knowledge is vital to understand crop disease. we show that either transient expression in nicotiana benthamiana, or stable transgenic expression in potato (solanum tuberosum), of the phytophthora infestans rxlr effector pi02860 enhances leaf colonization by the pathogen. expression of pi02860 also attenuates cell death tr ... | 2016 | 26966171 |
| identification and characterization of plant cell death-inducing secreted proteins from ustilaginoidea virens. | ustilaginoidea virens (cooke) takah (telemorph villosiclava virens) is an ascomycetous fungus that causes rice false smut, one of the most important rice diseases. fungal effectors often play essential roles in host-pathogen coevolutionary interactions. however, little is known about the functions of u. virens effectors. here, we performed functional studies on putative effectors in u. virens and demonstrated that 13 of 119 putative effectors caused necrosis or necrosis-like phenotypes in nicoti ... | 2016 | 26927000 |
| phenylpropanoids accumulation in eggplant fruit: characterization of biosynthetic genes and regulation by a myb transcription factor. | phenylpropanoids are major secondary metabolites in eggplant (solanum melongena) fruits. chlorogenic acid (cga) accounts for 70-90% of total phenolics in flesh tissues, while anthocyanins are mainly present in the fruit skin. as a contribution to the understanding of the peculiar accumulation of these health-promoting metabolites in eggplant, we report on metabolite abundance, regulation of cga and anthocyanin biosynthesis, and characterization of candidate cga biosynthetic genes in s. melongena ... | 2015 | 26858726 |
| overexpression of a stress-responsive nac transcription factor gene onac022 improves drought and salt tolerance in rice. | the nac transcription factors play critical roles in regulating stress responses in plants. however, the functions for many of the nac family members in rice are yet to be identified. in the present study, a novel stress-responsive rice nac gene, onac022, was identified. expression of onac022 was induced by drought, high salinity, and abscisic acid (aba). the onac022 protein was found to bind specifically to a canonical nac recognition cis-element sequence and showed transactivation activity at ... | 2016 | 26834774 |
| identification, cloning and characterization of r2r3-myb gene family in canola (brassica napus l.) identify a novel member modulating ros accumulation and hypersensitive-like cell death. | the r2r3-myb proteins comprise one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants. although genome-wide analysis of this family has been carried out in some plant species, little is known about r2r3-myb genes in canola (brassica napus l.). in this study, we have identified 76 r2r3-myb genes in the canola genome through mining of expressed sequence tags (ests). the cdna sequences of 44 myb genes were successfully cloned. the transcriptional activities of bnamyb proteins encoded by the ... | 2016 | 26800702 |
| molecular characterization of two lysophospholipid:acyl-coa acyltransferases belonging to the mboat family in nicotiana benthamiana. | in the remodeling pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (pc), acyl-coa-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine (lysopc) acyltransferase (lpcat) catalyzes the reacylation of lysopc. a number of genes encoding lpcats have been cloned and characterized from several plants in recent years. using arabidopsis and other plant lpcat sequences to screen the genome database of nicotiana benthamiana, we identified two cdnas encoding the putative tobacco lpcats (nblpcat1 and nblpcat2). both of them wer ... | 2015 | 26684752 |
| elucidation of the first committed step in betalain biosynthesis enables the heterologous engineering of betalain pigments in plants. | betalains are tyrosine-derived red-violet and yellow pigments, found in plants only of the caryophyllales order. although much progress has been made in recent years in the understanding of the betalain biosynthetic process, many questions remain open with regards to several of the proposed steps in the pathway. most conspicuous by its absence is the characterization of the first committed step in the pathway, namely the 3-hydroxylation of tyrosine to form l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa). ... | 2016 | 26683006 |
| physiological functions of the copi complex in higher plants. | copi vesicles are essential to the retrograde transport of proteins in the early secretory pathway. the copi coatomer complex consists of seven subunits, termed α-, β-, β'-, γ-, δ-, ε-, and ζ-cop, in yeast and mammals. plant genomes have homologs of these subunits, but the essentiality of their cellular functions has hampered the functional characterization of the subunit genes in plants. here we have employed virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) and dexamethasone (dex)-inducible rnai of the copi ... | 2015 | 26434491 |
| a protein kinase binds the c-terminal domain of the readthrough protein of turnip yellows virus and regulates virus accumulation. | turnip yellows virus (tuyv), a phloem-limited virus, encodes a 74kda protein known as the readthrough protein (rt) involved in virus movement. we show here that a tuyv mutant deleted of the c-terminal part of the rt protein (tuyv-∆rtcter) was affected in long-distance trafficking in a host-specific manner. by using the c-terminal domain of the rt protein as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a phloem cdna library from arabidopsis thaliana we identified the calcineurin b-like protein-interact ... | 2015 | 26402374 |
| arabidopsis seipin proteins modulate triacylglycerol accumulation and influence lipid droplet proliferation. | the lipodystrophy protein seipin is important for lipid droplet (ld) biogenesis in human and yeast cells. in contrast with the single seipin genes in humans and yeast, there are three seipin homologs in arabidopsis thaliana, designated seipin1, seipin2, and seipin3. essentially nothing is known about the functions of seipin homologs in plants. here, a yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) seipin deletion mutant strain and a plant (nicotiana benthamiana) transient expression system were used to test t ... | 2015 | 26362606 |
| structural basis of pathogen recognition by an integrated hma domain in a plant nlr immune receptor. | plants have evolved intracellular immune receptors to detect pathogen proteins known as effectors. how these immune receptors detect effectors remains poorly understood. here we describe the structural basis for direct recognition of avr-pik, an effector from the rice blast pathogen, by the rice intracellular nlr immune receptor pik. avr-pikd binds a dimer of the pikp-1 hma integrated domain with nanomolar affinity. the crystal structure of the pikp-hma/avr-pikd complex enabled design of mutatio ... | 2015 | 26304198 |
| the maize cytochrome p450 cyp79a61 produces phenylacetaldoxime and indole-3-acetaldoxime in heterologous systems and might contribute to plant defense and auxin formation. | plants produce a group of aldoxime metabolites that are well known as volatiles and as intermediates in cyanogenic glycoside and glucosinolate biosynthesis in particular plant families. recently it has been demonstrated that aldoximes can also accumulate as part of direct plant defense in poplar. cytochrome p450 enzymes of the cyp79 family were shown to be responsible for the formation of aldoximes from their amino acid precursors. | 2015 | 26017568 |
| a member of the phosphate transporter 1 (pht1) family from the arsenic-hyperaccumulating fern pteris vittata is a high-affinity arsenate transporter. | pteris vittata exhibits enhanced arsenic uptake, but the corresponding mechanisms are not well known. the prevalent form of arsenic in most soils is arsenate, which is a phosphate analog and a substrate for phosphate transporter 1 (pht1) transporters. herein we identify and characterize three p. vittata pht1 transporters. pteris vittata pht1 cdnas were isolated and characterized via heterologous expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and nicotiana benthamiana leaves. expression of the pv ... | 2016 | 26010225 |
| in vivo localization of iris yellow spot tospovirus (bunyaviridae)-encoded proteins and identification of interacting regions of nucleocapsid and movement proteins. | localization and interaction studies of viral proteins provide important information about their replication in their host plants. tospoviruses (family bunyaviridae) are economically important viruses affecting numerous field and horticultural crops. iris yellow spot virus (iysv), one of the tospoviruses, has recently emerged as an important viral pathogen of allium spp. in many parts of the world. we studied the in vivo localization and interaction patterns of the iysv proteins in uninfected an ... | 2015 | 25781476 |
| petal loss, a trihelix transcription factor that represses growth in arabidopsis thaliana, binds the energy-sensing snrk1 kinase akin10. | organogenesis in plants involves differential growth. rapidly growing primordia are distinguished from the meristem and each other by slower growing boundaries. petal loss (ptl) is a trihelix transcription factor of arabidopsis that represses growth in boundaries between newly arising sepals. to identify partners involved in this growth limitation, a young inflorescence cdna library was screened by yeast two-hybrid technology with ptl as bait. the most frequent prey identified was akin10, the ca ... | 2015 | 25697797 |
| movement and nucleocapsid proteins coded by two tospovirus species interact through multiple binding regions in mixed infections. | negative-stranded tospoviruses (family: bunyaviridae) are among the most agronomically important viruses. some of the tospoviruses are known to exist as mixed infections in the same host plant. iris yellow spot virus (iysv) and tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) were used to study virus-virus interaction in dually infected host plants. viral genes of both viruses were separately cloned into binary psite-bifc vectors. bifc results showed that the n and nsm proteins of iysv interact with their count ... | 2015 | 25666522 |
| abce1 is a highly conserved rna silencing suppressor. | atp-binding cassette sub-family e member 1 (abce1) is a highly conserved protein among eukaryotes and archaea. recent studies have identified abce1 as a ribosome-recycling factor important for translation termination in mammalian cells, yeast and also archaea. here we report another conserved function of abce1. we have previously described atrli2, the homolog of abce1 in the plant arabidopsis thaliana, as an endogenous suppressor of rna silencing. in this study we show that this function is cons ... | 2015 | 25659154 |
| identification and characterization of plant-specific nac gene family in canola (brassica napus l.) reveal novel members involved in cell death. | nac transcription factors are plant-specific and play important roles in plant development processes, response to biotic and abiotic cues and hormone signaling. however, to date, little is known about the nac genes in canola (or oilseed rape, brassica napus l.). in this study, a total of 60 nac genes were identified from canola through a systematical analysis and mining of expressed sequence tags. among these, the cdna sequences of 41 nac genes were successfully cloned. the translated protein se ... | 2015 | 25616736 |
| osc2 and cyp716a14v2 catalyze the biosynthesis of triterpenoids for the cuticle of aerial organs of artemisia annua. | artemisia annua is widely studied for its ability to accumulate the antimalarial sesquiterpenoid artemisinin. in addition to producing a variety of sesquiterpenoids, a. annua also accumulates mono-, di-, and triterpenoids, the majority of which are produced in the glandular trichomes. a. annua also has filamentous trichomes on its aerial parts, but little is known of their biosynthesis potential. here, through a comparative transcriptome analysis between glandular and filamentous trichomes, we i ... | 2015 | 25576188 |
| soybean actin-depolymerizing factor 2 interacts with soybean mosaic virus-encoded p3 protein. | soybean mosaic virus (smv), a member of the potyvirus genus, is one of the most prevalent and devastating viral pathogens in soybean-growing regions worldwide. it is generally accepted that symptom development of a viral plant disease results from molecular interactions between the virus and its host plant. p3 protein is the most variable polyprotein in potyviruses, which potentially plays an important role in the process of the evolution of virus type specialization. however, p3 not only plays ... | 2015 | 25537947 |
| plant oxidosqualene metabolism: cycloartenol synthase-dependent sterol biosynthesis in nicotiana benthamiana. | the plant sterol pathway exhibits a major biosynthetic difference as compared with that of metazoans. the committed sterol precursor is the pentacyclic cycloartenol (9β,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3β-ol) and not lanosterol (lanosta-8,24-dien-3β-ol), as it was shown in the late sixties. however, plant genome mining over the last years revealed the general presence of lanosterol synthases encoding sequences (las1) in the oxidosqualene cyclase repertoire, in addition to cycloartenol synthases (cas1) and t ... | 2014 | 25343375 |
| a reversible renilla luciferase protein complementation assay for rapid identification of protein-protein interactions reveals the existence of an interaction network involved in xyloglucan biosynthesis in the plant golgi apparatus. | a growing body of evidence suggests that protein-protein interactions (ppis) occur amongst glycosyltransferases (gts) required for plant glycan biosynthesis (e.g. cell wall polysaccharides and n-glycans) in the golgi apparatus, and may control the functions of these enzymes. however, identification of ppis in the endomembrane system in a relatively fast and simple fashion is technically challenging, hampering the progress in understanding the functional coordination of the enzymes in golgi glyca ... | 2015 | 25326916 |
| group 5 lea protein, zmlea5c, enhance tolerance to osmotic and low temperature stresses in transgenic tobacco and yeast. | group 5 lea (late embryogenesis abundant) proteins contain a significantly higher proportion of hydrophobic residues but lack significant signature motifs or consensus sequences. this group is considered as an atypical group of lea proteins. up to now, there is little known about group 5c lea proteins in maize. here, we identified a novel group 5c lea protein from maize. the accumulation of transcripts demonstrated that zmlea5c displayed similar induced characteristics in leaves and roots. trans ... | 2014 | 25240107 |
| identification of a sphingolipid α-glucuronosyltransferase that is essential for pollen function in arabidopsis. | glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramide (gipc) sphingolipids are a major class of lipids in fungi, protozoans, and plants. gipcs are abundant in the plasma membrane in plants, comprising around a quarter of the total lipids in these membranes. plant gipcs contain unique glycan decorations that include a conserved glucuronic acid (glca) residue and various additional sugars; however, no proteins responsible for glycosylating gipcs have been identified to date. here, we show that the arabidopsis thal ... | 2014 | 25122154 |
| pepper mildew resistance locus o interacts with pepper calmodulin and suppresses xanthomonas avrbst-triggered cell death and defense responses. | pepper camlo2 specifically interacts with cacam1 and translocates cytoplasmic cacam1 to the plasma membrane, leading to the suppression of xanthomonas avrbst-triggered ca (2+) influx, hypersensitive cell death and defense responses. pathogen-induced cell death is closely linked with disease susceptibility and resistance in plants. pepper (capsicum annuum) mildew resistance locus o (camlo2) and calmodulin (cacam1) genes are required for disease-associated cell death and hypersensitive cell death, ... | 2014 | 25074588 |
| functional domains of the petal loss protein, a trihelix transcription factor that represses regional growth in arabidopsis thaliana. | petal loss (ptl) is a trihelix transcription factor that represses growth, especially between sepal primordia. as one of 30 trihelix proteins in arabidopsis, it falls in the gt2 clade with duplicated trihelix dna-binding domains and a long α-helical central domain. ptl orthologs occur in all angiosperm genomes examined except grasses, and sequence comparisons reveal that there are two further short conserved domains at each end. gt2 itself carries two nuclear localization sequences, but ptl has ... | 2014 | 24889508 |
| llhsfa1, a novel heat stress transcription factor in lily (lilium longiflorum), can interact with llhsfa2 and enhance the thermotolerance of transgenic arabidopsis thaliana. | a heat stress transcription factor llhsfa1 in lily and its relationship with llhsfa2 was investigated, and its function in enhancing thermotolerance was confirmed by analyzing transgenic arabidopsis thaliana overexpressed llhsfa1. a large family of heat stress transcription factors that are involved in the heat stress response in plants can induce the expression of multiple genes related to thermotolerance including heat-shock proteins. in this study, a novel class a1 hsf named llhsfa1 was isola ... | 2014 | 24874231 |
| cytochrome p450s from cynara cardunculus l. cyp71av9 and cyp71bl5, catalyze distinct hydroxylations in the sesquiterpene lactone biosynthetic pathway. | cynara cardunculus (asteraceae) is a cross pollinated perennial crop which includes the two cultivated taxa globe artichoke and cultivated cardoon. the leaves of these plants contain high concentrations of sesquiterpene lactones (stls) among which cynaropicrin is the most represented, and has recently attracted attention because of its therapeutic potential as anti-tumor and anti-photoaging agent. costunolide is considered the common precursor of the stls and three enzymes are involved in its bi ... | 2014 | 24767116 |
| identification and functional analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (mapkkk) genes in canola (brassica napus l.). | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signalling cascades, consisting of three types of reversibly phosphorylated kinases (mapkkk, mapkk, and mapk), are involved in important processes including plant immunity and hormone responses. the mapkkks comprise the largest family in the mapk cascades, yet only a few of these genes have been associated with physiological functions, even in the model plant arabidopsis thaliana. canola (brassica napus l.) is one of the most important oilseed crops in chi ... | 2014 | 24604738 |
| inactivation of the host lipin gene accelerates rna virus replication through viral exploitation of the expanded endoplasmic reticulum membrane. | rna viruses take advantage of cellular resources, such as membranes and lipids, to assemble viral replicase complexes (vrcs) that drive viral replication. the host lipins (phosphatidate phosphatases) are particularly interesting because these proteins play key roles in cellular decisions about membrane biogenesis versus lipid storage. therefore, we examined the relationship between host lipins and tombusviruses, based on yeast model host. we show that deletion of pah1 (phosphatidic acid phosphoh ... | 2014 | 24586157 |
| characterization of two genes for the biosynthesis of abietane-type diterpenes in rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis) glandular trichomes. | rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis) produces the phenolic diterpenes carnosic acid and carnosol, which, in addition to their general antioxidant activities, have recently been suggested as potential ingredients for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. little is known about the biosynthesis of these diterpenes. here we show that the biosynthesis of phenolic diterpenes in rosemary predominantly takes place in the glandular trichomes of young leaves, and used this feature to id ... | 2014 | 24569175 |
| characterization and expression of a gdsl-like lipase gene from brassica napus in nicotiana benthamiana. | the gdsl esterase and lipase families play important roles in abiotic stress, pathogen defense, seed development and lipid metabolism. identifying the lipase activity of the putative gdsl lipase is the prerequisite for dissecting its function. according to the sequence similarity and the conserved domains, we cloned the brassica napus bnglip gene, which encodes a gdsl-like protein. we failed to identify the bnglip lipase activity in the bacterium and yeast expression systems. in this paper, we e ... | 2014 | 24363150 |
| methylation of translation elongation factor 1a by the mettl10-like see1 methyltransferase facilitates tombusvirus replication in yeast and plants. | replication of tombusviruses and other plus-strand rna viruses depends on several host factors that are recruited into viral replicase complexes. previous studies have shown that eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1a (eef1a) is one of the resident host proteins in the highly purified tombusvirus replicase complex. in this paper, we show that methylation of eef1a by the mettl10-like see1p methyltransferase is required for tombusvirus and unrelated nodavirus rna replication in yeast model ho ... | 2014 | 24314635 |
| genome-wide expressional and functional analysis of calcium transport elements during abiotic stress and development in rice. | ca²⁺ homeostasis is required to maintain a delicate balance of cytosolic ca²⁺ during normal and adverse growth conditions. various ca²⁺ transporters actively participate to maintain this delicate balance especially during abiotic stresses and developmental events in plants. in this study, we present a genome-wide account, detailing expression profiles, subcellular localization and functional analysis of rice ca²⁺ transport elements. exhaustive in silico data mining and analysis resulted in the i ... | 2014 | 24286292 |
| gene coexpression analysis reveals complex metabolism of the monoterpene alcohol linalool in arabidopsis flowers. | the cytochrome p450 family encompasses the largest family of enzymes in plant metabolism, and the functions of many of its members in arabidopsis thaliana are still unknown. gene coexpression analysis pointed to two p450s that were coexpressed with two monoterpene synthases in flowers and were thus predicted to be involved in monoterpenoid metabolism. we show that all four selected genes, the two terpene synthases (tps10 and tps14) and the two cytochrome p450s (cyp71b31 and cyp76c3), are simulta ... | 2013 | 24285789 |
| xanthomonas euvesicatoria type iii effector xopq interacts with tomato and pepper 14-3-3 isoforms to suppress effector-triggered immunity. | effector-triggered immunity (eti) to host-adapted pathogens is associated with rapid cell death at the infection site. the plant-pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas euvesicatoria (xcv) interferes with plant cellular processes by injecting effector proteins into host cells through the type iii secretion system. here, we show that the xcv effector xopq suppresses cell death induced by components of the eti-associated map kinase cascade mapkkkα mek2/sipk and by several r/avr gene pairs. inactivation o ... | 2014 | 24279912 |
| arabidopsis myosin xi sub-domains homologous to the yeast myo2p organelle inheritance sub-domain target subcellular structures in plant cells. | myosin xi motor proteins transport plant organelles on the actin cytoskeleton. the arabidopsis gene family that encodes myosin xi has 13 members, 12 of which have sub-domains within the tail region that are homologous to well-characterized cargo-binding domains in the yeast myosin v myo2p. little is presently known about the cargo-binding domains of plant myosin xis. prior experiments in which most or all of the tail regions of myosin xis have been fused to yellow fluorescent protein (yfp) and t ... | 2013 | 24187546 |
| expression of terpenoids 1, a glandular trichome-specific transcription factor from tomato that activates the terpene synthase 5 promoter. | terpene biosynthesis in tomato glandular trichomes has been well studied, with most if not all terpene synthases (tpss) being identified. however, transcription factors (tfs) that regulate tpss have not yet been discovered from tomato. in order to unravel the transcriptional regulation of the solanum lycopersicum linalool synthase (slmts1, recently renamed sltps5) gene in glandular trichomes, we functionally dissected its promoter. a 207 bp fragment containing the minimal promoter and the 5'utr ... | 2014 | 24142382 |
| molecular and biochemical analysis of the first ara6 homologue, a rab5 gtpase, from green algae. | rab5 gtpases are important regulators of endosomal membrane traffic in yeast, plants, and animals. a specific subgroup of this family, the ara6 group, has been described in land plants including bryophytes, lycophytes, and flowering plants. here, we report on the isolation of an ara6 homologue in a green alga. caara6 (carabf1) from chara australis, a member of the characeae that is a close relative of land plants, encodes a polypeptide of 237 aa with a calculated molecular mass of 25.4 kda, whic ... | 2013 | 24127512 |
| two aspartate residues at the putative p10 subunit of a type ii metacaspase from nicotiana tabacum l. may contribute to the substrate-binding pocket. | metacaspases are cysteine proteases present in plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and early branching eukaryotes, although a detailed description of their cellular function remains unclear. currently, three-dimensional (3d) structures are only available for two metacaspases: trypanosoma brucei (mca2) and saccharomyces cerevisiae (yca1). furthermore, metacaspases diverged from animal caspases of known structure, which limits straightforward homology-based interpretation of functional data. we report for ... | 2014 | 24121807 |
| pescadillo plays an essential role in plant cell growth and survival by modulating ribosome biogenesis. | pescadillo (pes) is involved in diverse cellular processes such as embryonic development, ribosomal biogenesis, cell proliferation, and gene transcription in yeast and metazoans. in this study, we characterized cellular functions of plant pes in nicotiana benthamiana, arabidopsis, and tobacco by-2 cells. a gfp fusion protein of pes is predominantly localized in the nucleolus, where its localization requires the n-terminal domain of pes. silencing of plant pes led to growth arrest and acute cell ... | 2013 | 23909681 |
| a suppressor screen of the chimeric atcngc11/12 reveals residues important for intersubunit interactions of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. | to investigate the structure-function relationship of plant cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (cngcs), we identified a total of 29 mutant alleles of the chimeric atcngc11/12 gene that induces multiple defense responses in the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, constitutive expresser of pr genes22 (cpr22). based on computational modeling, two new alleles, s100 (atcngc11/12:g459r) and s137 (atcngc11/12:r381h), were identified as counterparts of human cnga3 (a human cngc) mutants. both m ... | 2013 | 23735507 |
| a tandem kunitz protease inhibitor (kpi106)-serine carboxypeptidase (scp1) controls mycorrhiza establishment and arbuscule development in medicago truncatula. | plant proteases and protease inhibitors are involved in plant developmental processes including those involving interactions with microbes. here we show that a tandem between a kunitz protease inhibitor (kpi106) and a serine carboxypeptidase (scp1) controls arbuscular mycorrhiza development in the root cortex of medicago truncatula. both proteins are only induced during mycorrhiza formation and belong to large families whose members are also mycorrhiza-specific. furthermore, the interaction betw ... | 2013 | 23662629 |
| sporopollenin biosynthetic enzymes interact and constitute a metabolon localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of tapetum cells. | the sporopollenin polymer is the major constituent of exine, the outer pollen wall. recently fatty acid derivatives have been shown to be the precursors of sporopollenin building units. acyl-coa synthetase, polyketide synthase a (pksa) and pksb, tetraketide α-pyrone reductase1 (tkpr1) and tkpr2 have been demonstrated to be involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). here all these sporopollenin biosynthetic enzymes but tkpr2 have been immunolocalized to endoplas ... | 2013 | 23632852 |
| silencing of nicotiana benthamiana neuroblastoma-amplified gene causes er stress and cell death. | neuroblastoma amplified gene (nag) was identified as a gene co-amplified with the n-myc gene, whose genomic amplification correlates with poor prognosis of neuroblastoma. later it was found that nag is localized in endoplasmic reticulum (er) and is a component of the syntaxin 18 complex that is involved in golgi-to-er retrograde transport in human cells. homologous sequences of nag are found in plant databases, but its function in plant cells remains unknown. | 2013 | 23621803 |
| a large and functionally diverse family of fad2 genes in safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.). | the application and nutritional value of vegetable oil is highly dependent on its fatty acid composition, especially the relative proportion of its two major fatty acids, i.e oleic acid and linoleic acid. microsomal oleoyl phosphatidylcholine desaturase encoded by fad2 gene is known to introduce a double bond at the δ12 position of an oleic acid on phosphatidylcholine and convert it to linoleic acid. the known plant fad2 enzymes are encoded by small gene families consisting of 1-4 members. in ad ... | 2013 | 23289946 |
| the cbl-interacting protein kinase cipk26 is a novel interactor of arabidopsis nadph oxidase atrbohf that negatively modulates its ros-producing activity in a heterologous expression system. | the plant nadph oxidases, known as respiratory burst oxidase homologues (rbohs), play an indispensable role in a wide array of cellular and developmental processes. arabidopsis thaliana rbohf (atrbohf)-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ros) is involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. because of the toxicity of excess amount of ros, the ros-producing activity of rbohs is speculated to be negatively regulated. however, its mechanism is mostly unknown to date. here, we report ... | 2013 | 23162070 |
| engineering of glucosinolate biosynthesis: candidate gene identification and validation. | the diverse biological roles of glucosinolates as plant defense metabolites and anticancer compounds have spurred a strong interest in their biosynthetic pathways. since the completion of the arabidopsis genome, functional genomics approaches have enabled significant progress on the elucidation of glucosinolate biosynthesis, although in planta validation of candidate gene function often is hampered by time-consuming generation of knockout and overexpression lines in arabidopsis. to better exploi ... | 2012 | 22999179 |
| opaque1 encodes a myosin xi motor protein that is required for endoplasmic reticulum motility and protein body formation in maize endosperm. | myosins are encoded by multigene families and are involved in many basic biological processes. however, their functions in plants remain poorly understood. here, we report the functional characterization of maize (zea mays) opaque1 (o1), which encodes a myosin xi protein. o1 is a classic maize seed mutant with an opaque endosperm phenotype but a normal zein protein content. compared with the wild type, o1 endosperm cells display dilated endoplasmic reticulum (er) structures and an increased numb ... | 2012 | 22892319 |
| rice mitogen-activated protein kinase interactome analysis using the yeast two-hybrid system. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades support the flow of extracellular signals to intracellular target molecules and ultimately drive a diverse array of physiological functions in cells, tissues, and organisms by interacting with other proteins. yet, our knowledge of the global physical mapk interactome in plants remains largely fragmented. here, we utilized the yeast two-hybrid system and coimmunoprecipitation, pull-down, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, subcellular localiz ... | 2012 | 22786887 |
| molecular dissection of flock house virus protein b2 reveals that electrostatic interactions between n-terminal domains of b2 monomers are critical for dimerization. | flock house virus (fhv) encodes a suppressor protein b2 to overcome antiviral rna silencing during infection. biochemical analyses have shown that a homodimer of b2 binds to double-stranded rna to inhibit dicer-mediated cleavage of dsrna and incorporation of small interfering rnas into the rna-induced silencing complex. in this study, using fhv-nicotiana benthamiana system, we identified that the charged amino acids at the n-terminus of b2 are critical for dimerization. interestingly, b2 mutants ... | 2012 | 22721960 |
| recruiting a new substrate for triacylglycerol synthesis in plants: the monoacylglycerol acyltransferase pathway. | monoacylglycerol acyltransferases (mgats) are predominantly associated with lipid absorption and resynthesis in the animal intestine where they catalyse the first step in the monoacylglycerol (mag) pathway by acylating mag to form diacylglycerol (dag). typical plant triacylglycerol (tag) biosynthesis routes such as the kennedy pathway do not include an mgat step. rather, dag and tag are synthesised de novo from glycerol-3-phosphate (g-3-p) by a series of three subsequent acylation reactions alth ... | 2012 | 22523576 |
| ectopic expression of capsicum-specific cell wall protein capsicum annuum senescence-delaying 1 (casd1) delays senescence and induces trichome formation in nicotiana benthamiana. | secreted proteins are known to have multiple roles in plant development, metabolism, and stress response. in a previous study to understand the roles of secreted proteins, capsicum annuum secreted proteins (cas) were isolated by yeast secretion trap. among the secreted proteins, we further characterized capsicum annuum senescence-delaying 1 (casd1), a gene encoding a novel secreted protein that is present only in the genus capsicum. the deduced casd1 contains multiple repeats of the amino acid s ... | 2012 | 22441673 |
| translation of the shallot virus x tgb3 gene depends on non-aug initiation and leaky scanning. | triple gene block (tgb), a conserved gene module found in the genomes of many filamentous and rod-shaped plant viruses, encodes three proteins, tgb1, tgb2 and tgb3, required for viral cell-to-cell movement through plasmodesmata and systemic transport via the phloem. the genome of shallot virus x, the type species of the genus allexivirus, includes tgb1 and tgb2 genes, but contains no canonical orf for tgb3 protein. however, a tgb3-like protein-encoding sequence lacking an aug initiator codon has ... | 2015 | 26296665 |
| the molecular characterisation of a sida-infecting begomovirus from jamaica. | the complete dna sequence of both genome components of a new begomovirus (sida golden mosaic buckup virus-[jamaica:st. elizabeth:2004]; sigmbuv-[jm:se:04]) was determined from a field-infected sida sp. sample from buckup, st. elizabeth, jamaica. phylogenetically, both genome components of sigmbuv-[jm:se:04] are most closely related to malvaceous weed-infecting floridian and mexican begomoviruses. its dna-b is a recombinant molecule, the majority of which was derived from a virus resembling sida ... | 2014 | 23933798 |
| soil-borne wheat mosaic virus infectious clone and manipulation for gene-carrying capacity. | a full-length infectious cdna clone of soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv; genus furovirus; family virgaviridae) was developed for agrobacterium delivery. the cloned virus can be agroinfiltrated to nicotiana benthamiana for subsequent infection of wheat (triticum aestivum, l.). the utility of the virus as a vector for gene silencing and expression was assessed through sequence insertions in multiple sites of rna2. virus-induced photobleaching was observed in n. benthamiana but not in wheat, de ... | 2016 | 27236459 |
| construction of effective inverted repeat silencing constructs using sodium bisulfite treatment coupled with strand-specific pcr. | rna silencing has been exploited to produce transgenic plants with resistance to viral pathogens via posttranscriptional gene silencing (ptgs). in some cases, this technology is difficult to apply due to the instability of inverted repeat (ir) constructs during cloning and plant transformation. although such constructs have been shown to be stabilized with introns and efficiently induce rna silencing, we found that the pdk intron did not stabilize south african cassava mosaic virus (sacmv) silen ... | 2012 | 22482441 |
| characterization of a soybean mosaic virus variant causing different diseases in glycine max and nicotiana benthamiana. | we discovered a soybean mosaic virus (smv) variant (4278-1) that caused systemic infections in nicotiana benthamiana plants, resulting in stem stunting and leaf shriveling. the virus had a particle morphology and incubation period similar to those of other smv isolates but differed from them in the leaf symptoms it caused when infecting soybean and n. benthamiana. the genome of this variant consisted of a 9994-nt single-stranded rna, which was different from most of the other known smv isolates ... | 2017 | 27804020 |
| overexpression of a soybean nuclear localized type-iii dnaj domain-containing hsp40 reveals its roles in cell death and disease resistance. | heat-shock proteins such as hsp70 and hsp90 are important molecular chaperones that play critical roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses; however, the involvement of their co-chaperones in stress biology remains largely uninvestigated. in a screen for candidate genes stimulating cell death in glycine max (soybean), we transiently overexpressed full-length cdnas of soybean genes that are highly induced during soybean rust infection in nicotiana benthamiana leaves. overexpression of a type-i ... | 2013 | 23289813 |
| identification of amino acid residues of the coat protein of sri lankan cassava mosaic virus affecting symptom production and viral titer in nicotiana benthamiana. | sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) is bipartite begomovirus infecting cassava in india and sri lanka. interestingly, the dna-a component of the slcmv alone is able to infect nicotiana benthamiana causing symptoms of upward leaf rolling and stunting. one of the differences between monopartite and bipartite begomoviruses is the requirement of coat protein (cp) for infectivity; cp being essential for the former, but dispensable in the latter. this investigation was aimed to determine the impor ... | 2016 | 26948262 |
| phylogenetic analysis and biolistic infectivity of a cloned sri lankan cassava mosaic virus dna-a from tamil nadu, india on nicotiana benthamiana. | the complete nucleotide sequence of sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) dna-a isolated from cassava in southern india was analyzed, a phylogenetic analysis with other begomoviral nucleotide sequences was performed and an efficient inoculation method of nicotiana benthamiana with the cloned dna was developed utilizing a biolistic device. the nucleotide sequence showed the conservation of all functional begomoviral protein domains and aligned most closely with begomoviruses reported from the i ... | 2015 | 25790052 |
| studies on differential behavior of cassava mosaic geminivirus dna components, symptom recovery patterns, and their sirna profiles. | cassava mosaic disease caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs) with bipartite genome organization is a major constraint for production of cassava in the african continent and the indian sub-continent. currently, there are eleven recognized species of cmgs, and several diverse isolates represent them, with vast amount of sequence variability, reflecting into diversity of symptom severity/phenotypes. here, we make a systematic effort to study the infection dynamics of several species of cmgs ... | 2015 | 25724177 |
| a split staphylococcus aureus cas9 as a compact genome editing tool in plants. | split-protein methods-where a protein is split into two inactive fragments that must re-assemble to form an active protein-can be used to regulate the activity of a given protein and reduce the size of gene transcription units. here, we show that a staphylococcus aureus cas9 (sacas9) can be split, and that split-sacas9 expressed from agrobacterium can induce targeted mutagenesis in nicotiana benthamiana. since sacas9 is smaller than the more commonly used cas9 derived from streptococcus pyogenes ... | 2017 | 28371831 |
| the complete genome sequences of two isolates of cnidium vein yellowing virus, a tentative new member of the family secoviridae. | we determined the complete genome sequences of two isolates of cnidium vein yellowing virus (cnvyv-1 and -2) that co-infected all field samples collected from cnidium officinale in korea. unlike cnvyv-2, however, cnvyv-1 was sap-transmissible to nicotiana benthamiana. cnvyv-1 and -2 have bipartite genomes of 7,263 and 3,110 nucleotides and 7,278 and 3,112 nucleotides, respectively, excluding the poly(a) tails. phylogenetic analysis of the cnvyv-1 and -2 sequences indicated close relationships to ... | 2015 | 26282235 |
| high-yield production of a functional bacteriophage lysin with antipneumococcal activity using a plant virus-based expression system. | streptococcus pneumoniae is the causative agent of several serious infectious diseases. it is becoming increasingly antibiotic resistant worldwide, and thus new antimicrobials are needed. one alternative to antibiotics may be the use of peptidoglycan hydrolases, the bacteriophage lytic enzymes. in this study, we demonstrated high level expression of the s. pneumoniae bacteriophage lysin pal in nicotiana benthamiana - tmv (tobacco mosaic virus) transient expression system. the protein was purifie ... | 2015 | 25744664 |
| targeted plant genome editing via the crispr/cas9 technology. | targeted modification of plant genome is key for elucidating and manipulating gene functions in basic and applied plant research. the crispr (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/crispr-associated protein (cas) technology is emerging as a powerful genome editing tool in diverse organisms. this technology utilizes an easily reprogrammable guide rna (grna) to guide streptococcus pyogenes cas9 endonuclease to generate a dna double-strand break (dsb) within an intended genomic ... | 2015 | 25757776 |
| comparative assessments of crispr-cas nucleases' cleavage efficiency in planta. | custom-designed nucleases can enable precise plant genome editing by catalyzing dna-breakage at specific targets to stimulate targeted mutagenesis or gene replacement. the crispr-cas system, with its target-specifying rna molecule to direct the cas9 nuclease, is a recent addition to existing nucleases that bind and cleave the target through linked protein domains (e.g. talens and zinc-finger nucleases). we have conducted a comparative study of these different types of custom-designed nucleases a ... | 2015 | 25403732 |
| cas9-based genome editing in arabidopsis and tobacco. | targeted modification of plant genome is key to elucidating and manipulating gene functions in plant research and biotechnology. the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)/crispr-associated protein (cas) technology is emerging as a powerful genome-editing method in diverse plants that traditionally lacked facile and versatile tools for targeted genetic engineering. this technology utilizes easily reprogrammable guide rnas (sgrnas) to direct streptococcus pyogenes cas9 ... | 2014 | 25398353 |
| the p1n-pispo trans-frame gene of sweet potato feathery mottle potyvirus is produced during virus infection and functions as an rna silencing suppressor. | the positive-sense rna genome of sweet potato feathery mottle virus (spfmv) (genus potyvirus, family potyviridae) contains a large open reading frame (orf) of 3,494 codons translatable as a polyprotein and two embedded shorter orfs in the -1 frame: pispo, of 230 codons, and pipo, of 66 codons, located in the p1 and p3 regions, respectively. pispo is specific to some sweet potato-infecting potyviruses, while pipo is present in all potyvirids. in spfmv these two extra orfs are preceded by conserve ... | 2016 | 26792740 |
| agroinfection of sweet potato by vacuum infiltration of an infectious sweepovirus. | sweepovirus is an important monopartite begomovirus that infects plants of the genus ipomoea worldwide. development of artificial infection methods for sweepovirus using agroinoculation is a highly efficient means of studying infectivity in sweet potato. unlike other begomoviruses, it has proven difficult to infect sweet potato plants with sweepoviruses using infectious clones. a novel sweepovirus, called sweet potato leaf curl virus-jiangsu (splcv-js), was recently identified in china. in addit ... | 2014 | 24903591 |