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de novo production of the plant-derived alkaloid strictosidine in yeast.the monoterpene indole alkaloids are a large group of plant-derived specialized metabolites, many of which have valuable pharmaceutical or biological activity. there are ∼3,000 monoterpene indole alkaloids produced by thousands of plant species in numerous families. the diverse chemical structures found in this metabolite class originate from strictosidine, which is the last common biosynthetic intermediate for all monoterpene indole alkaloid enzymatic pathways. reconstitution of biosynthetic pa ...201525675512
"self" and "non-self" in the control of phytoalexin biosynthesis: plant phospholipases a2 with alkaloid-specific molecular fingerprints.the overproduction of specialized metabolites requires plants to manage the inherent burdens, including the risk of self-intoxication. we present a control mechanism that stops the expression of phytoalexin biosynthetic enzymes by blocking the antecedent signal transduction cascade. cultured cells of eschscholzia californica (papaveraceae) and catharanthus roseus (apocynaceae) overproduce benzophenanthridine alkaloids and monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, respectively, in response to microbial eli ...201525670767
ornamental exterior versus therapeutic interior of madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus): the two faces of a versatile herb.catharanthus roseus (l.) known as madagascar periwinkle (mp) is a legendary medicinal plant mostly because of possessing two invaluable antitumor terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias), vincristine and vinblastine. the plant has also high aesthetic value as an evergreen ornamental that yields prolific blooms of splendid colors. the plant possesses yet another unique characteristic as an amiable experimental host for the maintenance of the smallest bacteria found on earth, the phytoplasmas and spiropl ...201525667940
vindogentianine, a hypoglycemic alkaloid from catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don (apocynaceae).vindogentianine, a new indole alkaloid together with six known alkaloids, vindoline, vindolidine, vindolicine, vindolinine, perivine and serpentine were isolated from leaf extract (da) of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods; nmr, ms, uv and ir. vindogentianine is a dimer containing a vindoline moiety coupled to a gentianine moiety. after 24h incubation, vindogentianine exhibited no cytotoxic effect in c2c12 mouse myoblast and β-tc6 mouse pan ...201525665941
relative mass defect filtering of mass spectra: a path to discovery of plant specialized metabolites.the rapid identification of novel plant metabolites and assignments of newly discovered substances to natural product classes present the main bottlenecks to defining plant specialized phenotypes. although mass spectrometry provides powerful support for metabolite discovery by measuring molecular masses, ambiguities in elemental formulas often fail to reveal the biosynthetic origins of specialized metabolites detected using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. a promising approach for mining ...201525659383
characterization of 10-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase from catharanthus roseus reveals cascaded enzymatic activity in iridoid biosynthesis.catharanthus roseus [l.] is a major source of the monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias), which are of significant interest due to their therapeutic value. these molecules are formed through an intermediate, cis-trans-nepetalactol, a cyclized product of 10-oxogeranial. one of the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of mias is an nad(p)(+) dependent oxidoreductase system, 10-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase (cr10hgo), which catalyses the formation of 10-oxogeranial from 10-hydroxygeraniol via 10-o ...201525651761
co-overexpression of geraniol-10-hydroxylase and strictosidine synthase improves anti-cancer drug camptothecin accumulation in ophiorrhiza pumila.camptothecin (cpt) belongs to a group of monoterpenoidindole alkaloids (tias) and its derivatives such as irinothecan and topothecan have been widely used worldwide for the treatment of cancer, giving rise to rapidly increasing market demands. genes from catharanthus roseus encoding strictosidine synthase (str) and geraniol 10-hydroxylase (g10h), were separately and simultaneously introduced into ophiorrhiza pumila hairy roots. overexpression of individual g10h (g lines) significantly improved c ...201525648209
know the medicinal herb: catharanthus roseus (vinca rosea). 200825606134
enhanced camptothecin production by ethanol addition in the suspension culture of the endophyte, fusarium solani.ethanolic extract of a non-camptothecin producing plant, catharanthus roseus when added in the suspension culture of the endophyte fusarium solani known to produce camptothecin, resulted in enhanced production of camptothecin by 10.6-fold in comparison to that in control (2.8 μg/l). interestingly, addition of pure ethanol (up to 5% v/v) in the suspension culture of f. solani resulted in maximum enhancement in camptothecin production (up to 15.5-fold) from that obtained in control. in the presenc ...201525603728
iridoid synthase activity is common among the plant progesterone 5β-reductase family.catharanthus roseus, the madagascar periwinkle, synthesizes bioactive monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, including the anti-cancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. the monoterpenoid branch of the alkaloid pathway leads to the secoiridoid secologanin and involves the enzyme iridoid synthase (is), a member of the progesterone 5β-reductase (p5βr) family. is reduces 8-oxogeranial to iridodial. through transcriptome mining, we show that is belongs to a family of six c. roseus p5βr genes. characterizat ...201525578278
functional analysis of related crrlk1l receptor-like kinases in pollen tube reception.the catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (crrlk1l) family of 17 receptor-like kinases (rlks) has been implicated in a variety of signaling pathways in arabidopsis, ranging from pollen tube (pt) reception and tip growth to hormonal responses. the extracellular domains of these rlks have malectin-like domains predicted to bind carbohydrate moieties. domain swap analysis showed that the extracellular domains of the three members analyzed (fer, anx1, herk1) are not interchangeable, sugges ...201525490905
identification of conserved and novel micrornas in catharanthus roseus by deep sequencing and computational prediction of their potential targets.micrornas are small endogenous non-coding rnas of ~19-24 nucleotides and perform regulatory roles in many plant processes. to identify mirnas involved in regulatory networks controlling diverse biological processes including secondary metabolism in catharanthus roseus, an important medicinal plant, we employed deep sequencing of small rna from leaf tissue. a total of 88 potential mirnas comprising of 81 conserved mirnas belonging to 35 families and seven novel mirnas were identified. precursors ...201525445288
simultaneous quantitative determination of five alkaloids in catharanthus roseus by hplc-esi-ms/ms.to establish a method to simultaneously determine the main five alkaloids of catharanthus roseus for trace samples, a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-esi-ms/ms) analysis method was developed.201425443373
effect of gloriosa superba and catharanthus roseus extracts on ifn-γ-induced keratin 17 expression in hacat human keratinocytes.gloriosa superba and catharanthus roseus are useful in traditional medicine for treatment of various skin diseases and cancer. however, their molecular effect on psoriasis has not been investigated. in this study, the effect of ethanol extracts derived from g. superba leaves and c. roseus stems on the expression of psoriatic marker, keratin 17 (k17), was investigated in human keratinocytes using biochemical and molecular experimental approaches. both extracts could reduce the expression of k17 i ...201425435888
genome-wide identification and analysis of catharanthus roseus rlk1-like kinases in rice.a genome-wide survey of catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase1-like kinases (crrlk1ls) in rice revealed that the pattern of expression by some crrlk1ls is controlled by drought or circadian rhythms. this is probably accomplished through the functioning of gigantea ( osgi ). such findings provide a novel angle for using crrlk1ls to study the drought-stress response and circadian regulation. the 17 crrlk1l members of a novel rlk family have been identified in arabidopsis. each carries a putativ ...201525399351
medicinal plants cultivated in bapedi traditional healers homegardens, limpopo province, south africa.plants used for medicinal purposes are very common feature in bapedi traditional healer's home-gardens, but information about their diversity and application is not available.201425395716
salicylic acid alters antioxidant and phenolics metabolism in catharanthus roseus grown under salinity stress.salicylic acid (sa) acts as a potential non-enzymatic antioxidant and a plant growth regulator, which plays a major role in regulating various plant physiological mechanisms. the effects of salicylic acid (sa; 0.05 mm) on physiological parameters, antioxidative capacity and phenolic metabolism, lignin, alkaloid accumulation in salt stressed catharanthus roseus were investigated.201425395715
gene transcript profiles of the tia biosynthetic pathway in response to ethylene and copper reveal their interactive role in modulating tia biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus.research on transcriptional regulation of terpenoid indole alkaloid (tia) biosynthesis of the medicinal plant, catharanthus roseus, has largely been focused on gene function and not clustering analysis of multiple genes at the transcript level. here, more than ten key genes encoding key enzyme of alkaloid synthesis in tia biosynthetic pathways were chosen to investigate the integrative responses to exogenous elicitor ethylene and copper (cu) at both transcriptional and metabolic levels. the ethy ...201525344654
antagonism of ca2+ influx via l-type ca2+ channels mediates the vasorelaxant effect of catharanthus roseus-derived vindorosine in rat renal artery.catharanthus roseus is a traditional herbal medicine used in asian and african countries for the treatment of various diseases including hypertension. the present study examined possible cellular mechanisms for the relaxation of rat renal arteries induced by vindorosine extracted from c. roseus. intrarenal arteries were isolated from 200-300 g male sprague-dawley rats and treated with different pharmacological blockers and inhibitors for the measurement of vascular reactivity on a multi myograph ...201425340466
somatic embryo mediated mass production of catharanthus roseus in culture vessel (bioreactor) - a comparative study.the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the use of liquid and solid murashige and skoog (ms) medium in different culture vessels for mass production of catharanthus roseus, an important source of anticancerous compounds, vincristine and vinblastine. three media conditions i.e. agar-solidified medium (s), liquid medium in agitated conical flask (l) and growtek bioreactor (b) were used. rapid propagation was achieved through in vitro somatic embryogenesis pathway. the process of embr ...201425313279
an abundant 'candidatus phytoplasma solani' tuf b strain is associated with grapevine, stinging nettle and hyalesthes obsoletus.bois noir (bn) associated with 'candidatus phytoplasma solani' (stolbur) is regularly found in austrian vine growing regions. investigations between 2003 and 2008 indicated sporadic presence of the confirmed disease vector hyalesthes obsoletus and frequent infections of bindweed and grapevine. infections of nettles were rare. in contrast present investigations revealed a mass occurrence of h. obsoletus almost exclusively on stinging nettle. the high population densities of h. obsoletus on urtica ...201425309042
effects of ambient and elevated co2 on growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidants, and secondary metabolites of catharanthus roseus (l.) g don. grown under three different soil n levels.catharanthus roseus l. plants were grown under ambient (375 ± 30 ppm) and elevated (560 ± 25 ppm) concentrations of atmospheric co2 at different rates of n supply (without supplemental n, 0 kg n ha(-1); recommended n, 50 kg n ha(-1); and double recommended n, 100 kg n ha(-1)) in open top chambers under field condition. elevated co2 significantly increased photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic efficiency, and organic carbon content in leaves at recommended (rn) and double recommended n (drn), w ...201525304238
iridoid synthase activity is common among the plant progesterone 5β-reductase family.catharanthus roseus, the madagascar periwinkle, synthesizes bioactive monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, among which the anti-cancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. the monoterpenoid branch of the alkaloid pathway leads to the secoiridoid secologanin and involves the enzyme iridoid synthase (is), a member of the progesterone 5β-reductase (p5βr) family. is reduces 8-oxogeranial to iridodial. through transcriptome mining, we show that is belongs to a family of six c. roseus p5βr genes. characteris ...201425239067
useful ethnophytomedicinal recipes of angiosperms used against diabetes in south east asian countries (india, pakistan & sri lanka).this paper is based on data recorded from various literatures pertaining to ethnophytomedicinal recipes used against diabetes in south east asia (india, pakistan and srilanka). traditional plant treatments have been used throughout the world for the therapy of diabetes mellitus. in total 419 useful phytorecipes of 270 plant species belonging to 74 angiospermic families were collected. from the review it was revealed that plants showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belong to the families, cucurb ...201425176368
biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid indole alkaloids in catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus is one of the most extensively investigated medicinal plants, which can produce more than 130 alkaloids, including the powerful antitumor drugs vinblastine and vincristine. here we review the recent advances in the biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) in c. roseus, and the identification and characterization of the corresponding enzymes involved in this pathway. strictosidine is the central intermediate in the biosynthesis of different tias, which is form ...201425159992
phytochemical genomics of the madagascar periwinkle: unravelling the last twists of the alkaloid engine.the madagascar periwinkle produces a large palette of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias), a class of complex alkaloids including some of the most valuable plant natural products with precious therapeutical values. evolutionary pressure on one of the hotspots of biodiversity has obviously turned this endemic malagasy plant into an innovative alkaloid engine. catharanthus is a unique taxon producing vinblastine and vincristine, heterodimeric mias with complex stereochemistry, and also manufactu ...201525146650
zct1 and zct2 transcription factors repress the activity of a gene promoter from the methyl erythritol phosphate pathway in madagascar periwinkle cells.in catharanthus roseus, accumulating data highlighted the existence of a coordinated transcriptional regulation of structural genes that takes place within the secoiridoid biosynthetic branch, including the methyl erythritol phosphate (mep) pathway and the following steps leading to secologanin. to identify transcription factors acting in these pathways, we performed a yeast one-hybrid screening using as bait a promoter region of the hydroxymethylbutenyl 4-diphosphate synthase (hds) gene involve ...201425108262
investigation of a substrate-specifying residue within papaver somniferum and catharanthus roseus aromatic amino acid decarboxylases.plant aromatic amino acid decarboxylases (aaads) catalyze the decarboxylation of aromatic amino acids with either benzene or indole rings. because the substrate selectivity of aaads is intimately related to their physiological functions, primary sequence data and their differentiation could provide significant physiological insights. however, due to general high sequence identity, plant aaad substrate specificities have been difficult to identify through primary sequence comparison. in this stud ...201425107664
over-expression of catharanthus roseus tryptophan decarboxylase and strictosidine synthase in rol gene integrated transgenic cell suspensions of vinca minor.tryptophan decarboxylase (tdc) and strictosidine synthase (str) genes from catharanthus roseus have been successfully over-expressed in the rol gene integrated cell suspensions of v. minor. thirty seconds saat (sonication-assisted agrobacterium transformation) treatment of plant cell suspension with lba1119 having construct (<hpt-<tdc2-<str-gus>) generated three stable tdc + str over-expressing cell lines--pvg1, pvg2, and pvg3. the transgenes were confirmed by β-glucuronidase gus histochemical a ...201525106473
morphogenetic and chemical stability of long-term maintained agrobacterium-mediated transgenic catharanthus roseus plants.transgenic catharanthus roseus plants (transgenic dhawal [dt] and transgenic nirmal [nt]) obtained from the agrobacterium tumefaciens and agrobacterium rhizognenes-mediated transformations, respectively, have been maintained in vitro for 5 years. plants were studied at regular intervals for various parameters such as plant height, leaf size, multiplication rate, alkaloid profile and presence of marker genes. dt plant gradually lost the gus gene expression and it was not detected in the fifth yea ...201525102992
transcriptome analysis of catharanthus roseus for gene discovery and expression profiling.the medicinal plant, catharanthus roseus, accumulates wide range of terpenoid indole alkaloids, which are well documented therapeutic agents. in this study, deep transcriptome sequencing of c. roseus was carried out to identify the pathways and enzymes (genes) involved in biosynthesis of these compounds. about 343 million reads were generated from different tissues (leaf, flower and root) of c. roseus using illumina platform. optimization of de novo assembly involving a two-step process resulted ...201425072156
synthesis and characterization of palladium nanoparticles using catharanthus roseus leaf extract and its application in the photo-catalytic degradation.the potential effect of catharanthus roseus leaf extract for the formation of palladium nanoparticles and its application on dye degradation was discussed. the efficiency of c.roseus leaves are used as a bio-material for the first time as reducing agent. synthesized palladium nanoparticles were supported by uv-vis spectrometry, xrd, ft-ir and tem analysis. the secondary metabolites which are responsible for the formation of nanoparticles were identified by gc-ms. the results showed that effect o ...201525062057
selection and validation of reference genes for transcript normalization in gene expression studies in catharanthus roseus.quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr), a sensitive and commonly used technique for gene expression analysis, requires stably expressed reference genes for normalization of gene expression. up to now, only one reference gene for qpcr analysis, corresponding to 40s ribosomal protein s9 (rps9), was available for the medicinal plant catharanthus roseus, the only source of the commercial anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. here, we screened for additional reference genes for this plant species ...201425058454
jasmonic acid effect on the fatty acid and terpenoid indole alkaloid accumulation in cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus.the stress response after jasmonic acid (ja) treatment was studied in cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus. the effect of ja on the primary and secondary metabolism was based on changes in profiles of fatty acids (fa) and terpenoid indole alkaloids (tia). according to multivariate data analyses (mvda), three major time events were observed and characterized according to the variations of specific fa and tia: after 0-30 min of induction fa such as c18:1, c20:0, c22:0 and c24:0 were hig ...201425029072
analyses of catharanthus roseus and arabidopsis thaliana wrky transcription factors reveal involvement in jasmonate signaling.to combat infection to biotic stress plants elicit the biosynthesis of numerous natural products, many of which are valuable pharmaceutical compounds. jasmonate is a central regulator of defense response to pathogens and accumulation of specialized metabolites. catharanthus roseus produces a large number of terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) and is an excellent model for understanding the regulation of this class of valuable compounds. recent work illustrates a possible role for the catharanthus ...201424950738
arabidopsis cap1-mediated ammonium sensing required reactive oxygen species in plant cell growth.[ca (2+)]cyt-associated protein kinase (cap) gene 1 is a receptor-like kinase that belongs to crrlk1l (catharanthus roseus receptor like kinase) subfamily. cap1 has been identified as a novel modulator of nh 4(+) in the tonoplast, which regulates root hair growth by maintaining the cytoplasmic ca (2+) gradients. different expression pattern of tonoplast intrinsic protein (tip2;3) in the cap1 knock out mutant and wild type on murashige and skoog (ms) medium suggested that cap1 influences transpor ...201424940875
study of the effect of nickel heavy metals on some physiological parameters of catharanthus roseus.plants, in their life cycle, are usually exposed to various kinds of non-biological stresses including heavy metals. one of these heavy metals is nickel which affects many physiological processes of plants. studies have shown that the changes in planting conditions can affect the qualitative and quantitative features of catharanthus roseus; therefore, creating stressful conditions (e.g. nicl2) can be an effective way to investigate the changes. in this research, we investigated the effect of 0, ...201424870880
identification of a human abcc10 orthologue in catharanthus roseus reveals a u12-type intron determinant for the n-terminal domain feature.abc (atp-binding cassette) transporters are members of a large superfamily of proteins that utilize atp hydrolysis to translocate a wide range of substrates across biological membranes. in general, members of c subfamily (abcc) are structurally characterized by an additional (n-terminal) transmembrane domain (tmd0). phylogenetic analysis of plant abccs separates their protein sequences into three distinct clusters: i and ii are plant specific whereas cluster iii contains both human and plant abc ...201424840820
evaluation of the nutritive and organoleptic values of food products developed by incorporated catharanthus roseus (sadabahar) fresh leaves explore their hypoglycemic potential.diabetes becomes a real problem of public health in developing countries, where its prevalence is increasing steadily. diabetes mellitus can be found in almost every population in the world. since the ayurvedic practice started in india, plants are being used in the cure of diseases. although the catharanthus roseus have been used for their alleged health benefits and avail their hypoglycemic effect, used as medicine by diabetics. medicinal plants have rarely been incorporated in food preparatio ...201424790561
effect of chromium on antioxidant potential of catharanthus roseus varieties and production of their anticancer alkaloids: vincristine and vinblastine.catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don, a medicinal plant, has a very important place in the traditional as well as modern pharmaceutical industry. two common varieties of this plant rosea and alba are named so because of pink and white coloured flowers, respectively. this plant comprises of about 130 terpenoid indole alkaloids and two of them, vincristine and vinblastine, are common anticancer drugs. the effect of chromium (cr) on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant components and on secondary met ...201424734252
a look inside an alkaloid multisite plant: the catharanthus logistics.environmental pressures forced plants to diversify specialized metabolisms to accumulate noxious molecules such as alkaloids constituting one of the largest classes of defense metabolites. catharanthus roseus produces monoterpene indole alkaloids via a highly elaborated biosynthetic pathway whose characterization greatly progressed with the recent expansion of transcriptomic resources. the complex architecture of this pathway, sequentially distributed in at least four cell types and further comp ...201424727073
suppression of aggressive strains of 'candidatus phytoplasma mali' by mild strains in catharanthus roseus and nicotiana occidentalis and indication of similar action in apple trees.to study antagonistic interactions of 'candidatus phytoplasma mali' strains, graft inoculation of catharanthus roseus and nicotiana occidentalis was performed with mild strains 1/93vin and 1/93tab as suppressors and three aggressive strains as challengers. inoculation of the suppressors was carried out in either the cross-protection modus prior to grafting of the challengers or by co-inoculating suppressors and challengers. monitoring using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assays re ...201424724815
the seco-iridoid pathway from catharanthus roseus.the (seco)iridoids and their derivatives, the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias), form two large families of plant-derived bioactive compounds with a wide spectrum of high-value pharmacological and insect-repellent activities. vinblastine and vincristine, mias used as anticancer drugs, are produced by catharanthus roseus in extremely low levels, leading to high market prices and poor availability. their biotechnological production is hampered by the fragmentary knowledge of their biosynthesis ...201424710322
correspondence between flowers and leaves in terpenoid indole alkaloid metabolism of the phytoplasma-infected catharanthus roseus plants.several plants of catharanthus roseus cv 'leafless inflorescence (lli)' showing phenotype of phytoplasma infection were observed for symptoms of early flowering, virescence, phyllody, and apical clustering of branches. symptomatic plants were studied for the presence/absence and identity of phytoplasma in flowers. transcription levels of several genes involved in plants' metabolism and development, accumulation of pharmaceutically important terpenoid indole alkaloids in flowers and leaves and va ...201424658891
7-deoxyloganetic acid synthase catalyzes a key 3 step oxidation to form 7-deoxyloganetic acid in catharanthus roseus iridoid biosynthesis.iridoids are key intermediates required for the biosynthesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias), as well as quinoline alkaloids. although most iridoid biosynthetic genes have been identified, one remaining three step oxidation required to form the carboxyl group of 7-deoxyloganetic acid has yet to be characterized. here, it is reported that virus-induced gene silencing of 7-deoxyloganetic acid synthase (7dls, cyp76a26) in catharanthus roseus greatly decreased levels of secologanin and the ...201424594312
the improved resistance to high salinity induced by trehalose is associated with ionic regulation and osmotic adjustment in catharanthus roseus.the effects of exogenous trehalose (tre) on salt tolerance of pharmaceutical plant catharanthus roseus and the physiological mechanisms were both investigated in this study. the results showed that the supplement of tre in saline condition (250 mm nacl) largely alleviated the inhibitory effects of salinity on plant growth, namely biomass accumulation and total leaf area per plant. in this saline condition, the decreased level of relative water content (rwc) and photosynthetic rate were also grea ...201424589477
catharanthus roseus aqueous extract is cytotoxic to jurkat leukaemic t-cells but induces the proliferation of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells.research on natural products has been widely used as a strategy to discover new drugs with potential for applications in complementary medicines because they have fewer side effects than conventional drugs. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effects of crude aqueous catharanthus roseus extract on jurkat cells and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). the aqueous extract was standardised to vinblastine by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) ...201024575203
high-throughput transcriptome analysis of the leafy flower transition of catharanthus roseus induced by peanut witches'-broom phytoplasma infection.peanut witches'-broom (pnwb) phytoplasma are obligate bacteria that cause leafy flower symptoms in catharanthus roseus. the pnwb-mediated leafy flower transitions were studied to understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogen-host interaction; however, our understanding is limited because of the lack of information on the c. roseus genome. in this study, the whole-transcriptome profiles from healthy flowers (hfs) and stage 4 (s4) pnwb-infected leafy flowers of c. roseus were investigated usin ...201424492256
large scale in-silico identification and characterization of simple sequence repeats (ssrs) from de novo assembled transcriptome of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don.transcriptomic data of c. roseus offering ample sequence resources for providing better insights into gene diversity: large resource of genic ssr markers to accelerate genomic studies and breeding in catharanthus . next-generation sequencing is an efficient system for generating high-throughput complete transcripts/genes and developing molecular markers. we present here the transcriptome sequencing of a 26-day-old catharanthus roseus seedling tissue using illumina gaiix platform that resulted in ...201424482265
evidence against the occurrence of adenosine-3':5'-cyclic monophosphate in higher plants.previous reports on the incorporation of [(14)c]adenine into adenosine-3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic amp) in oat (avena sativa l.) and maize (zea mays l.) coleoptile sections, chick-pea (cicer arietinum l.) embryos and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) aleurone layers were reexamined. separation of labelled nucleotides on deae-sephadex a 25 showed that a peak of (14)c activity, previously considered to be cyclic amp, is not identical with this compound. attempts to detect the cyclic nucleotide by ...197424442328
composition of the cell wall formed by protoplasts isolated from cell suspension cultures of vinca rosea.the biochemistry of cell-wall regeneration in protoplasts obtained from vinca rosea l. (catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don) cells grown in suspension culture by isolating the regenerated wall and the extracellular polysaccharides of protoplasts cultured for various periods, and investigating their composition. gas-liquid chromatography and tracer studies with d-[u-(14)c]glucose showed that the sugar composition of the extracellular polysaccharides was similar to that of the original cell culture, c ...197824414558
morphogenetic factors controlling differentiation and dedifferentiation of epidermal cells in the gynoecium of catharanthus roseus : i. the role of pressure and cell confinement.to test the morphogenetic role of equilateral stress and physiological confinement in dedifferentiation of epidermal cells, impermeable barriers of goldmetal foil were placed between the postgenitally fusing epidermal surfaces in the gynoecium of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. cells contacting the foil barrier were firmly compressed and air spaces were almost eliminated, thus mimicking an internal cellular environment. however, the cells adjacent to the barriers retained epidermal characterist ...197824408100
on the role of s: sulfotransferases in assimilatory sulfate reduction by plant cell suspension cultures.cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don were grown under s-auxotrophic (1.8 mm sulfate) and under s-heterotrophic (0.5 and 1.0 mm cysteine or methionine) conditions. the development of activity of the thiol sulfotransferases was followed during the complete growth period. under auxotrophic growth, an nadph-dependent s: sulfotransferase and a gsh-dependent s: sulfotransferase developed identically, whereas under heterotrophic growth, differences in the amount of enzymes and in ...197924407385
inhibition of anthocyanin formation in seedlings and flowers by the enantiomers of α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid and their n-benzyloxycarbonyl derivatives.both enantiomers of α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid (aopp), potent inhibitors of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and their n-benzyloxycarbonyl (n-boc) derivatives inhibit anthocyanin formation in developing flowers of ipomoea tricolor cav. and catharanthus roseus don. as well as in seedlings of brassica oleracea var. caulo-rapa dc (kohlrabi) and b. oleracea var. capitata l. (red cabbage) with little interference with their normal development. kohlrabi seedlings tolerate up to 0.3 mm l-aopp and ...197924407328
vinca alkaloids.vinca alkaloids are a subset of drugs obtained from the madagascar periwinkle plant. they are naturally extracted from the pink periwinkle plant, catharanthus roseus g. don and have a hypoglycemic as well as cytotoxic effects. they have been used to treat diabetes, high blood pressure and have been used as disinfectants. the vinca alkaloids are also important for being cancer fighters. there are four major vinca alkaloids in clinical use: vinblastine (vbl), vinorelbine (vrl), vincristine (vcr) a ...201324404355
adaptation of lettuce mosaic virus to catharanthus roseus involves mutations in the central domain of the vpg.an isolate of lettuce mosaic virus (lmv, a potyvirus) infecting madagascar periwinckle (catharanthus roseus) was identified and characterized by illumina deep sequencing. lmv-cr has no close affinities to previously sequenced lmv isolates and represents a novel, divergent lmv clade. inoculation experiments with other representative lmv isolates showed that they are unable to infect c. roseus, which was not known to be a host for lmv. however, three c. roseus variants of one of these isolates, lm ...201424400938
cytosine hypomethylation at chg and chh sites in the pleiotropic mutants of mendelian inheritance in catharanthus roseus.the 5s and 18s rdna sequences of catharanthus roseus cv 'nirmal' (wild type) and its leafless inflorescence (lli), evergreen dwarf (egd) and irregular leaf lamina (ill) single mutants and lli egd, lli ill and egd ill double mutants were characterized. the lli, egd and ill mutants of mendelian inheritance bore the names after their most conspicuous morphological feature(s). they had been chemically induced and isolated for their salt tolerance. the double mutants were isolated as morphological se ...201324371171
pleiotropic phenotypes of the salt-tolerant and cytosine hypomethylated leafless inflorescence, evergreen dwarf and irregular leaf lamina mutants of catharanthus roseus possessing mendelian inheritance.in catharanthus roseus, three morphological cum salt-tolerant chemically induced mutants of mendelian inheritance and their wild-type parent cv nirmal were characterized for overall cytosine methylation at dna repeats, expression of 119 protein coding and seven mirna-coding genes and 50 quantitative traits. the mutants, named after their principal morphological feature(s), were leafless inflorescence (lli), evergreen dwarf (egd) and irregular leaf lamina (ill). the southern-blot analysis of mspi ...201324371160
medicinal plants used in treatment and management of cancer in kakamega county, kenya.traditional medicine plays a critical role in treatment of chronic debilitating and life threatening conditions and diseases. cancer is one such condition whose therapeutic intervention is commonly through inexpensive traditional herbal remedies. increasingly industrialised societies are developing drugs and chemotherapeutics from these traditional herbal plants. plant biogeography determines the abundance and availability of medicinal plants which in turn determine their use by local communitie ...201424362078
the effect of different temperatures on fatty-acid synthesis and polyunsaturation in cell suspension cultures.cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus g. don, glycine max (l.) merr. and nicotiana tabacum l. were incubated with [(14)c]acetate, [(14)c]oleic acid and [(14)c]linoleic acid at five different temperatures ranging from 15 to 35° c. when the incubation temperature was increased, [(14)c]acetate was incorporated preferentially into [(14)c]palmitate, with a concomitant drop in [(14)c]oleate formation. between 15 and 20° c, [(14)c]oleic acid accumulated in c. roseus cells. in all cultures, op ...198024311159
fatty-acid composition and biosynthesis in cell suspension cultures of glycine max (l.) merr., catharanthus roseus g. don and nicotiana tabacum l.the fatty-acid composition of c. roseus and n. tabacum cell suspension cultures was unaffected by subculture on wood and braun, murashige and skoog, or gamborg b5c media. however, placing the cultures - which were normally grown at 25° c - at 15° c reduced growth but resulted in enhanced formation of oleic and linolenic acids in c. roseus cultures and increased levels of linoleic and linolenic acids in cultures of g. max and n. tabacum, respectively. the incorporation of [(14)c]acetate into [(14 ...198024311158
tryptophan decarboxylase from catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures: purification, molecular and kinetic data of the homogenous protein.the purification of tryptophan decarboxylase from catharanthus roseus (tdc, e.c.:4.1.1.27), to apparent homogeneity, is described. the enzyme represents a soluble protein with a molecular weight of 115 000±3 000, consisting of 2 identical subunits of 54 000±1 000. the pi was estimated to be 5.9 and the km for l-tryptophan was found to be 7.5×10(-5) m. phenylalanine, tyrosine and dopa were not decarboxylated by tryptophan decarboxylase from catharanthus cells. similar to the aromatic amino acid d ...198424310513
incorporation of [2(14)c]malonyl coa into fatty acids by a cell-free extract of catharanthus roseus suspension culture cells.a cell-free extract containing the enzymes for de-novo synthesis, elongation and desaturation of fatty acids was prepared from cultured cells of catharanthus roseus g. don. (14)c-fatty acids synthesized by the extract from [2-(14)c]malonyl coa substrate were palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0) and oleic (18:1). dialyzed extract was active and stable at room temperature and at 4° c, but was inactivated on boiling. there was an absolute requirement for nadph for incorporation of [2-(14)c]malonyl coa i ...198024306892
phytohormones in the formation of crown gall tumors.crown gall tumors were initiated in a variety of plant species by infection with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain b6 and the concomitant changes in the tissue levels of phytohormones, mainly indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and cytokinins, were analyzed. a comparison was made of these hormones with those produced by virulent and avirulent strains of the bacterium in liquid culture and with those of bacteria-free crown gall callus cultures. specific radioimmunoassays were employed for hormone determina ...198124276937
sulfate reduction in catharanthus roseus (l.) : identification and subcellular localization of a particulate adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate-reducing activity in cells from cell suspension cultures.cell homogenates from catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. grown s-autotrophically on sulfate in the dark are capable of reducing adenylysulfate (aps) to cysteine. this reduction required a particulate protein fraction from the cell extract and reduced ferredoxin as the electron donor. the protein fraction (mw 700,000±50,000) was found to contain fd:nadp(+) reductase, glutathione reductase and an unspecific dithiol reductase, and aps-sulfotransferase and thiosulfonate reductase activity. resolution ...198224271669
dissimilation of methionine in cell suspension cultures from catharanthus roseus l.plant cell suspension cultures from catharanthus roseus were investigated for their capability to dissimilate methionine or its analogs in order to reutilize the sulphane group for cysteine biosynthesis. three steps have been described as prerequisites of this process: (a) oxidative degradation by the amino-acid oxidase of methionine giving rise to methanethiol production; (b) demethylation by methyltransferases leading to homocysteine and s-methylmethionine (c) replacement of the homocysteine s ...198324264927
alkaloid production in catharanthus roseus cell cultures : xii. biosynthetic capacity of callus from original explants and regenerated shoots.callus derived from hypocotyls of periwinkle, catharanthus roseus, responded to culture on nutrient media supplementedwith iaa, ba, and zeatin with shoot formation at low frequencies. however, shoot regenerating callus could be very successfully propagated and subcultured. alkaloid profiles of callus derived from the original explants (hypocotyls) as well as callus derived from regenerated shoots were almost identical. subcultures of old callus (initiated in 1978) failed completely to grow shoot ...198224259128
cryopreservation of periwinkle, catharanthus roseus cells cultured in vitro.a procedure for prolonged cryogenic storage of periwinkle cell cultures is described. cells derived from periwinkle, catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don, and subcultured as suspension in 1-b5c nutrient medium have been frozen, stored in liquid nitrogen (-196°c) for 11 weeks, thawed and recultured. maximal survival was achieved when 3-4 day-old cells precultured for 24 h in nutrient medium with 5% dmso were frozen at slow cooling rates of 0.5 or 1°c/min prior to storage in liquid nitrogen. the only l ...198224259127
characterization of a monoterpene hydroxylase from cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don.conditions have been established for the optimization of the specific activity of a membrane-bound monoterpene hydroxylase from cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus. in time course studies, the hydroxylase and nadph-cytochrome c reductase exhibited maximal activities 18-20 days after inoculation, i.e., during early stationary phase. by late stationary phase, enzyme activity had declined. in contrast an enzyme of primary metabolism achieved optimal specific activity by the 12th day and ...198124258855
alkaloid production in catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. : vi. variation in alkaloid spectra of cell lines derived from one single leaf.analysis of 76 cell clones derived from one leaf of a periwinkle plant (catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don) showed the occurrence of corynanthe-, strychnos-, and aspidosperma-type alkaloids. the majority of clones (62%) displayed compounds of all three types. variation of the alkaloid spectra of the cell clones was low when compared to that found previously with serially subcultured callus and cell suspensions derived from different plants.198124258743
expression of the plant sulphite reductase in cell suspension cultures from catharanthus roseus l.sulphur-heterotrophic growth exhibited a dual response to the expression of sulphate-assimilating enzymes. the level of atp-sulphurylase (ec 2.7.7.4) appeared "repressed" while sulphite reductase (ec 1.8.7.1) and o-acetyl-l-serine sulphhydrylase (ec 4.2.99.8) were "derepressed" and coordinated in their occurrence. the capability of the cells to reduce adenylylphosphosulphate or 3'-phospho adenylylphosphosulphate to cysteine coincided with the activity of sulphite reductase. the expression of the ...198424258417
late enzymes of vindoline biosynthesis : s-adenosyl-l-methionine: 11-o-demethyl-17-o-deacetylvindoline 11-o-methyltransferase and unspecific acetylesterase.from differentiated plants of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don we have isolated a specific enzyme of the vindoline biosynthetic pathway catalysing the s-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation of 11-o-demethyl-17-o-deacetyl-vindoline. the enzyme we named s-adenosyl-l-methionine : 11-o-demethyl-17-o-deacetylvindoline 11-o-methyltransferase. this transferase exhibits a high substrate specificity. obviously the o-methylation at c-11 precedes the o-acetylation at the c-17 position during the biosynt ...198524254077
late enzymes of vindoline biosynthesis. acetyl-coa: 17-o-deacetylvindoline 17-o-acetyl-transferase.from differentiated plants of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don, a specific enzyme was isolated and named acetyl-coa : 17-o-deacetylvindoline 17-o-acetyltransferase, acting on the biosynthetic formation of the aspidosperma type alkaloid vindoline.the enzyme shows a high selectivity towards different substrates. the acetyl-coa-dependent transferase also catalyses the reverse reaction by hydrolysis of the 17-o-acetyl group of vindoline in the presence of free coa. this enzyme is localized only in vi ...198524254076
cation stimulation of the proton-translocating redox activity at the plasmalemma of catharanthus roseus cells.cultured catharanthus roseus cells exhibit transmembrane ferricyanide reduction through a plasma membrane redox system which may be associated with proton translocation. evidence shows that endogenous pyridine nucleotides serve as hydrogen donors for the reaction. the proton translocating function of the redox system is confirmed, in intact cells and isolated protoplasts, by the ability of ca(2+) and other cations to increase both the redox activity and the efflux of protons. the role of the cat ...198524254070
alkaloid production in catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don cell cultures. xiii. effects of bioregulators on indole alkaloid biosynthesis.a study on the effect of various bioregulators on the biosynthesis of ajmalicine (8) and catharanthine (9) in plant tissue cultures of catharanthus roseus is described. it is shown that 1,1-dimethylpiperidine bromide (3) and 2-diethylaminoethyl-3,4-dimethylphenylether (7) are effective in increasing these alkaloid levels in the cell line prl #200. such studies may prove beneficial in larger scale experiments designed for the production of these alkaloids.198524253983
partial purification and characterization of a nadph dependent tetrahydroalstonine synthase from catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures.a new enzyme was discovered which specifically hydrogenates the iminium form of cathenamine at position 21 to yield the heteroyohimbine alkaloid tetrahydroalstonine. the enzyme was partially purified (35-fold) from catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures. it was shown to use exclusively nadph as reductant, the ph optimum is at 6.6, the temperature optimum at 30°c, the half life of the soluble enzyme preparation is 26 min at 37°c, and the molecular weight is 81 000 ± 3%. evidence is presente ...198524253886
immobilization of plant protoplasts: viability studies.protoplasts of daucus carota ca68 and catharanthus roseus have been immobilized by entrapment in gelforming polysaccharides (kappa-carrageenan, agarose and alginate). uniform spherical beads of carrageenan and agarose containing the protoplasts have been prepared by utilizing an inert hydrophobic phase (vegetable oil). the entrapped protoplasts are viable and stabilized towards osmotic shock by the polymeric backbone. standard methods have been used to study the viability and integrity of the en ...198524253638
a highly selective alkaloid uptake system in vacuoles of higher plants.vacuoles were isolated from different plant cell cultures and the transport mechanism for alkaloid uptake at the tonoplast membrane, as well as the compartmentation of enzymes and products inside the cells were investigated. while serpentine, the major alkaloid of catharanthus roseus cells, is definitely located inside the vacuole, two key enzymes of the indole-alkaloid pathway, strictosidine synthase and a specific glucosidase, are located in the cytosol. transport of alkaloids across the tonop ...198424253097
characterization of a novel n-methyltransferase (nmt) from catharanthus roseus plants : detection of nmt and other enzymes of the indole alkaloid biosynthetic pathway in different cell suspension culture systems.young leaves from catharanthus roseus plants contain a novel n-methyltransferase which transfers the methyl group from s-adenosyl-l-methionine specifically to position 1 of (2r, 3r)-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxytabersonine, producing the n-methylated product. the enzyme shows a high degree of specificity toward substrates containing a reduced double bond at position 2,3 of tabersonine derivatives but the more substituted n-desmethyldeacetylvindoline did not act as a substrate. the enzyme catalyses the t ...198724248932
alkaloid formation by habituated and tumorous cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus.habituated and tumorous catharanthus roseus cells grown in the absence of hormones accumulated indole alkaloids. total alkaloids and alkaloid pattern were the same when cells were cultured in medium without hormones or in alkaloid production medium with and without indole acetic acid. treatment of cells with pythium homogenate as elicitor did not increase total alkaloids or change the pattern of alkaloids produced. when either habituated or tumorous cells were grown in 1b5 medium after gamborg e ...198724248757
increased accumulation of indole alkaloids by some cell lines of catharanthus roseus in response to addition of vanadyl sulphate.vanadyl sulphate (10-500 mg/l), when added to cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus stimulated increased intracellular accumulation of catharanthine and ajmalicine. this response was demonstrated in both flask and fermenter (30 litre) systems. the response varied, and depended upon cell line, concentration of vanadyl sulphate and the stage of the growth phase at which the cells were treated. this process has the potential to increase the yield and reduce the production time for commerc ...198724248497
regulation of product synthesis in cell cultures of catharanthus roseus. effect of culture temperature.a three year old, alkaloid producing cell line of catharanthus roseus, maintained at 25°c, was grown on 2% sucrose at various temperatures from 10° to 45°c. growth rates were maximal at 35°c but declined rapidly above 35°c and below 25°c. maximum serpentine yields reached a peak at between 20°c and 25°c and fell sharply above and below these temperatures, while ajmalicine showed a sharp peak of accumulation at 20°c. the variable serpentine/ajmalicine ratio at different growth temperatures sugges ...198624248397
alkaloid accumulation in ca-alginate entrapped cells of catharanthus roseus: using a limiting growth medium.the limitation of growth of catharanthus roseus cells was investigated with a view to their entrapment in a ca-alginate matrix. an examination of the effects of lowered 2,4-d and phosphate concentrations on cell viability and indole alkaloid biosynthesis enabled a growth limiting and product formation stimulating medium to be designed. entrapped cells showed a retention of both respiratory activity and biosynthetic capacity over an extended period of time compared with free cells. evidence is pr ...198624248253
photoautotrophic cell suspension cultures of periwinkle (catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don): transition from heterotrophic to photoautotrophic growth.chlorophyllous, heterotrophic periwinkle (catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don) cells were capable of sustained photoautotrophic growth in sugar-free b5 medium containing naphthaleneacetic acid and kinetin when provided with a co2-enriched atmosphere. an increase in cell fresh weight, first observed approximately 2 weeks after transfer from heterotrophic to photoautotrophic conditions, coincided with the development of maximum chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity. electron micrographs reve ...198624248131
indole alkaloid accumulation and tryptophan decarboxylase activity in catharanthus roseus cells cultured in three different media.catharanthus roseus cells were cultured in three types of media. these media were: a low sucrose subculture medium and two high sucrose media, each of which differed in their mineral and hormonal contents. the kinetics of tryptophan decarboxylase activity and the accumulations of tryptophan, tryptamine, ajmalicine and serpentine were different in each series but no correlation between maximum enzyme activity and alkaloid contents was observed. ajmalicine and serpentine productions were unaffecte ...198624247959
permeabilization of plant cells: (31)p nmr studies on the permeability of the tonoplast.a suspension culture of catharanthus roseus has been used to study the permeability of cell membranes after treatment with various concentrations of a permeabilizing agent (dmso). the uptake and release (after permeabilization) of inorganic phosphate (pi) by cells have been investigated by (32)p radiotracer and non-invasive phosphorus-31 nmr experiments. these studies have demonstrated that measurements of the pi-efflux from plant cells provide a reliable measure of the permeability of the tonop ...198624247956
alkaloid production by transformed root cultures of catharanthus roseus.transformed roots of catharanthus roseus were obtained following infection of detached leaves with agrobacterium rhizogenes. roots would not grow in full strength gamborg's b5 medium but would grow satisfactorily if the medium was diluted to one half strength. little alkaloid appeared in the growth medium but root tissue contained a high level and wide variety of alkaloids. ajmalicine, serpentine, vindolinine and catharanthine were prominent components. vinblastine could also be detected by a co ...198824241871
induction of de-novo synthesis of tryptophan decarboxylase in cell suspensions of catharanthus roseus.tryptophan decarboxylase (ec 4.2.1.27) is synthesized de-novo by catharanthus roseus cells shortly after the cells have been transferred into culture medium in which monoterpenoid indole alkaloids are formed. the enzyme production, monitored by in-vivo labelling with [(35)s]methionine and immunoprecipitation, precedes the apparent maximal enzyme activity by 10-12 h. from the time course of the descending enzyme activity after induction, a half-life of 21 h for tryptophan decarboxylase in c. rose ...198524241615
induction of triterpene biosynthesis by elicitors in suspension cultures of tabernaemontana species.treatment of suspension cultures of some tabernaemontana species (apocynaceae) with elicitors (e.g. cellulase, candida albicans) result in a rapid de novo production of antimicrobial active triterpenes. the triterpenes are identified as ursene carboxylic acid derivatives. these triterpenes are not produced by an elicited cell suspension culture of catharanthus roseus, another apocynaceae.198824241415
engineering the mep pathway enhanced ajmalicine biosynthesis.the 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (mep) pathway genes encoding dxr and mecs from taxus species and str from catharanthus roseus were used to genetically modify the ajmalicine biosynthetic pathway in hairy root cultures of c. roseus. as expected, the str-overexpressed root cultures showed twofold higher accumulation of ajmalicine than the control. it was important to discover that overexpression of the single dxr or mecs gene from the mep pathway also remarkably enhanced ajmalicine biosynth ...201424237015
exotic and indigenous problem plants species used, by the bapedi, to treat sexually transmitted infections in limpopo province, south africa.the ethnic usage of exotics and indigenous problem plants is a highly debated topic, as legislative requirements over-shadow their potential medicinal value, particularly to treat sexually transmitted infections (stis). limited information exists regarding their medicinal value among the bapedi.201324235930
morphogenetic factors controlling differentiation and dedifferentiation of epidermal cells in the gynoecium of catharanthus roseus : ii. diffusible morphogens.during postgenital fusion of the distal adaxial surfaces of the two originally separate carpel primordia of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don, approx. 400 epidermal cells undergo rapid dedifferentiation into parenchymatous cells. to characterize the mechanism of the induction of dedifferentiation, various types of both water-permeable and water-impermeable barriers were placed between pre-fusion carpels. barriers which did not allow the passage of water-soluble agents blocked dedifferentiation. ba ...198624233733
genetic transformation ofcatharanthus roseus g. don byagrobacterium rhizogenes.catharanthus roseus plantlets were inoculated with differentagrobacterium rhizogenes strains. this plant species is known to produce secondary metabolites and axenic hairy-root cultures are an alternative to extraction of plant tissue for the compounds which are synthesized in roots. hairy root lines were established from inoculations with the agropine strain 15834 and transformed plants were obtained after spontaneous regeneration. phenotypic alterations of both the root system and the aerial p ...198924232985
purification of acetyl-coa: 17-o-deacetylvindoline 17-o-acetyltransferase from catharanthus roseus leaves.the enzyme acetyl-coa: 17-o-deacetylvindoline 17-o-acetyltransferase which terminates vindoline biosynthesis has been isolated from catharanthus roseus leaves, further characterized and purified to homogeneity by three step column chromatography and subsequent preparative isoelectric focusing. kinetic properties concerning the enzyme reaction are discussed. five multiple forms of the acetyl-transferase could be observed, each consisting of two subunits. this enzyme is now the best characterized ...199024232684
effects of long-term preservation on growth and productivity of panax ginseng and catharanthus roseus cell cultures.cell cultures of panax ginseng and catharanthus roseus producing secondary metabolites were preserved in liquid nitrogen or under mineral oil for six months. the growth behaviour and the ability of the cultures to produce ginsenosides or indole alkaloids were measured after a recovery period and compared with cultures maintained by frequent subcultivation during the same period. neither growth kinetics nor the degree of vacuolization during growth were affected by the long term preservation. som ...199024226696
specific differences in tolerance to exogenous berberine among plant cell cultures.the tolerance of plant cells to exogenously administered berberine, an antimicrobial isoquinoline alkaloid, was studied using berberine-producing and nonproducing cell suspension cultures. both coptis japonica and thalictrum flavum cells, which have an intrinsic ability to synthesize berberine, took up exogenous berberine from the culture medium by an energy-requiring active transport to accumulate it exclusively in vacuoles. by contrast, t. minus cells, which excrete indigenous berberine mostly ...199024226596
induced net ca(2+) uptake and callose biosynthesis in suspension-cultured plant cells.in suspension-cultured cells of glycine max and catharanthus roseus, marked callose synthesis can be induced by digitonin and chitosan. leakage of a limited pool of electrolytes precedes callose formation, k(+) representing the major cation lost. poly-l-ornithine, as well as the ionophores a 23187 and ionomycin, also induces some callose synthesis but to a lesser extent. digitonin increases the net uptake of ca(2+) from the external buffer with a time course parallel to callose synthesis but lag ...198824226184
induction of catharanthine synthesis and stimulation of major indole alkaloids production by catharanthus roseus cells under non-growth-altering treatment with pythium vexans extracts.a catharanthus roseus cell line was selected that synthesised catharanthine exclusively under elicitation.from the first day of culture, treatment with very low concentrations of a pythium extract did not alter the growth of the suspension but, within 24 hours, induced the synthesis of catharanthine and stimulated the production of ajmalicine. kinetic analysis showed that serpentine then began to accumulate and that all of these effects lasted more than 7 days. elicitation also induced changes i ...199124226159
plant cell growth under different levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.an experimental system, in which gases of known composition were passed through flasks, was used to systematically study the effects of oxygen and carbon dioxide on plant cell growth. as expected, oxygen limiting conditions resulted in suppressed growth of catharanthus roseus cultures. oxygen limitations did not alter the amount of cell mass produced per gram of sugar consumed which suggests that the production of fermentative metabolites was limited. varying levels of carbon dioxide were observ ...199124226158
regulation of dna synthesis and cell division by polyamines in catharanthus roseus suspension cultures.various inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis were used to study the role of polyamines in dna synthesis and cell division in suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. arginine decarboxylase (adc; ec 4.1.1.19) was the major enzyme responsible for putrescine production. dl α-difluoromethylarginine inhibited adc activity, cellular putrescine content, dna synthesis, and cell division. the effect was reversible by exogenous putrescine. ornithine decarboxylase (odc; ec 4.1.1.17) activity ...199124221490
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