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antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of alkaloids from catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don.catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don is a herbal plant traditionally used by local populations in india, south africa, china and malaysia to treat diabetes. the present study reports the in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the major alkaloids isolated from catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don leaves extract. four alkaloids--vindoline i, vindolidine ii, vindolicine iii and vindolinine iv--were isolated and identified from the dichloromethane extract (de) of this plant's leaves. de and compo ...201323955322
atp-binding cassette transporter controls leaf surface secretion of anticancer drug components in catharanthus roseus.the madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) is highly specialized for the biosynthesis of many different monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias), many of which have powerful biological activities. such mias include the commercially important chemotherapy drugs vinblastine, vincristine, and other synthetic derivatives that are derived from the coupling of catharanthine and vindoline. however, previous studies have shown that biosynthesis of these mias involves extensive movement of metabolites ...201324019465
an exploration of the potential mechanisms and translational potential of five medicinal plants for applications in alzheimer's disease.alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common type of dementia, and represents a vast worldwide socio-economic burden, and in the absence of a current cure, effective therapeutic strategies are still needed. cholinergic and cerebral blood flow deficits, excessive levels of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and glutamate excitatory mechanisms are all believed to contribute to the development and progression of the disease. scoparia dulcis, catharanthus roseus, sesamum indicum, erythrina senegalen ...201323844333
two new vinblastine-type n-oxide alkaloids from catharanthus roseus.two new vinblastine-type n-oxide alkaloids, 17-desacetoxyvinblastine n'b-oxide (1) and 20'-deoxyvinblastine n'b-oxide (2), were isolated from the leaves of catharanthus roseus. the structures of 1 and 2 were established by the analysis of their nuclear magnetic resonance and hr-esi-ms spectroscopic data. all alkaloids were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the human hepatocellular carcinoma (hepg2) cell line, human colorectal carcinoma (lovo) cell line and human breast carcinoma ( ...201323621523
salicylic acid restrains nickel toxicity, improves antioxidant defence system and enhances the production of anticancer alkaloids in catharanthus roseus (l.).salicylic acid (sa) has been reported to ameliorate various stresses in plants. in order to explore the role of sa under nickel (ni) stress, thirty-days old plants of periwinkle (catharanthus roseus l.) were supplied with eight treatments comprising basal application of ni (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg kg(-1)) and foliar application of sa (0 and 10(-5)m) under net house conditions. ni application significantly reduced the growth attributes including plant height, leaf-area index and fresh and dry weigh ...201323597961
perspectives of the metabolic engineering of terpenoid indole alkaloids in catharanthus roseus hairy roots.this review looks back on how the terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway and the regulatory factors in catharanthus roseus were identified and characterized, and how metabolic engineering, including genetic engineering and metabolic profiling, was conducted based on the gained knowledge. in addition, further examination of the terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway is proposed.201323576053
identification and quantification of active alkaloids in catharanthus roseus by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry.catharanthus roseus is an important dicotyledonous medicinal plant that produces anticancer compounds. the active alkaloids vinblastine, vindoline, ajmalicine, catharanthine, and vinleurosine were identified by direct-injection ion trap-mass spectrometry (it-ms) for collecting ms(1-2) spectra. the determinations of five alkaloids were accomplished by liquid chromatography (lc) with uv and ms detections. the analytes provided good signals corresponding to the protonated molecular ions [m+h](+) an ...201323561180
interaction between abscisic acid and nitric oxide in pb90-induced catharanthine biosynthesis of catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures.elicitations are considered to be an important strategy to improve production of secondary metabolites of plant cell cultures. however, mechanisms responsible for the elicitor-induced production of secondary metabolites of plant cells have not yet been fully elucidated. here, we report that treatment of catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures with pb90, a protein elicitor from phytophthora boehmeriae, induced rapid increases of abscisic acid (aba) and nitric oxide (no), subsequently followe ...201323554409
'candidatus phytoplasma malaysianum', a novel taxon associated with virescence and phyllody of madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus).this study addressed the taxonomic position and group classification of a phytoplasma responsible for virescence and phyllody symptoms in naturally diseased madagascar periwinkle plants in western malaysia. unique regions in the 16s rrna gene from the malaysian periwinkle virescence (mapv) phytoplasma distinguished the phytoplasma from all previously described 'candidatus phytoplasma' species. pairwise sequence similarity scores, calculated through alignment of full-length 16s rrna gene sequence ...201322523165
tryptophan over-producing cell suspensions of catharanthus roseus (l) g. don and their up-scaling in stirred tank bioreactor: detection of a phenolic compound with antioxidant potential.five cell suspension lines of catharanthus roseus resistant to 5-methyl tryptophan (5-mt; an analogue of tryptophan) were selected and characterized for growth, free tryptophan content and terpenoid indole alkaloid accumulation. these lines showed differential tolerance to analogue-induced growth inhibition by 30 to 70 mg/l 5-mt supplementation (ld(50) = 7-15 mg/l). lines p40, d40, n30, d50 and p70 recorded growth indices (i.e. percent increment over the initial inoculum weight) of 840.9, 765.0, ...201322678752
analysis of the interface between primary and secondary metabolism in catharanthus roseus cell cultures using (13)c-stable isotope feeding and coupled mass spectrometry. 201323253601
the traditional medical uses and cytotoxic activities of sixty-one egyptian plants: discovery of an active cardiac glycoside from urginea maritima.medicinal plants from the sinai desert are widely used in traditional bedouin medicine to treat a range of conditions including, cancers, and may thus be useful sources of novel anti-tumor compounds. information on plants used in this way was obtained through collaboration with bedouin herbalists.201323228916
synergistic and cytotoxic action of indole alkaloids produced from elicited cell cultures of catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don (apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant that produces more than 130 alkaloids, with special attention given to the production of the anti-hypertensive monomeric indole alkaloids, serpentine and ajmalicine, and the antitumor dimeric alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine.201323137274
vincristine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in sh-sy5y human neuroblastoma cells.neuroblastoma is a common childhood tumor. vincristine (vcr), an alkaloid extracted from catharanthus roseus, is commonly used in combination chemotherapy. however, the mechanisms of vcr-induced neuroblastoma cell death are not clear. the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of vcr on mitosis and apoptosis of sh-sy5y neuroblastoma cells and the underlying mechanisms. sh-sy5y cells were treated with increasing vcr doses for different time points. cell proliferation was detected using t ...201323129065
effect of sodium nitroprusside on growth and terpenoid indole alkaloid production in catharanthus roseus hairy root cultures.nitric oxide (no) is known as a signaling molecule involved in elicitor-induced defense responses of plants. sodium nitroprusside (snp), a donor of no, stimulates catharanthine formation in catharanthus roseus cells.1 two important terpenoid indole alkaloids produced in small quantities within c. roseus are vinblastine and vincristine which are being used clinically as anticancer drugs. we are interested in engineering c. roseus hairy roots to increase the production of the tias. the present wor ...201321567990
functional characterization of amyrin synthase involved in ursolic acid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus leaf epidermis.catharanthus roseus accumulates high levels of the pentacyclic triterpene, ursolic acid, as a component of its wax exudate on the leaf surface. bioinformatic analyses of transcripts derived from the leaf epidermis provide evidence for the specialized role of this tissue in the biosynthesis of ursolic acid. cloning and functional expression in yeast of a triterpene synthase derived from this tissue showed it to be predominantly an α-amyrin synthase (cras), since the α-amyrin to β-amyrin reaction ...201322652241
catharanthus roseus mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 confers uv and heat tolerance to saccharomyces cerevisiae.catharanthus roseus is an important source of pharmaceutically important monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias). accumulation of many of the mias is induced in response to abiotic stresses such as wound, ultra violet (uv) irradiations, etc. recently, we have demonstrated a possible role of crmpk3, a c. roseus mitogen-activated protein kinase in stress-induced accumulation of a few mias. here, we extend our findings using saccharomyces cerevisiae to investigate the role of crmpk3 in giving toleran ...201323221751
efficacy of larvicidal and pupicidal activity of catharanthus roseus aqueous and solvent extracts against anopheles stephensi liston and culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae).to investigate the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of catharanthus roseus (c. roseus) against malaria and filariasis vectors.201323790333
virus-induced gene silencing identifies catharanthus roseus 7-deoxyloganic acid-7-hydroxylase, a step in iridoid and monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis.iridoids are a major group of biologically active molecules that are present in thousands of plant species, and one versatile iridoid, secologanin, is a precursor for the assembly of thousands of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias) as well as a number of quinoline alkaloids. this study uses bioinformatics to screen large databases of annotated transcripts from various mia-producing plant species to select candidate genes that may be involved in iridoid biosynthesis. virus-induced gene silencin ...201324103035
[identification and expression analysis of wrky transcription factors in medicinal plant catharanthus roseus].wrky transcription factors, one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators in plants, involve in multiple life activities including plant growth and development as well as stress responses. however, little is known about the types and functions of wrky transcription factors in catharanthus roseus, an important medicinal plant. in this study, we identified 47 crwrky transcriptional factors from 26 009 proteins in catharanthus roseus, and classified them into three distinct groups (g1, ...201324063238
isolation, purification and characterization of vinblastine and vincristine from endophytic fungus fusarium oxysporum isolated from catharanthus roseus.endophytic fungi reside in a symbiotic fashion inside their host plants, mimic their chemistry and interestingly, produce the same natural products as their hosts and are thus being screened for the production of valuable compounds like taxol, camptothecin, podophyllotoxin, etc. vinblastine and vincristine are excellent anti-cancer drugs but their current production using plants is non-abundant and expensive. in order to make these drugs readily available to the patients at affordable prices, we ...201324066024
characterization of the plastidial geraniol synthase from madagascar periwinkle which initiates the monoterpenoid branch of the alkaloid pathway in internal phloem associated parenchyma.madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus [l.] g. don, apocynaceae) produces monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias), secondary metabolites of high interest due to their therapeutic value. a key step in the biosynthesis is the generation of geraniol from geranyl diphosphate (gpp) in the monoterpenoid branch of the mia pathway. here we report on the cloning and functional characterization of c. roseus geraniol synthase (crges). the full-length crges was over-expressed in escherichia coli and the pur ...201323102596
complete nucleotide sequences of two begomoviruses infecting madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) from pakistan.though catharanthus roseus (madagascar periwinkle) is an ornamental plant, it is famous for its medicinal value. its alkaloids are known for anti-cancerous properties, and this plant is studied mainly for its alkaloids. here, this plant has been studied for its viral diseases. complete dna sequences of two begomoviruses infecting c. roseus originating from pakistan were determined. the sequence of one begomovirus (clone kn4) shows the highest level of nucleotide sequence identity (86.5 %) to an ...201323065111
assay of tryptophan decarboxylase from catharanthus roseus plant cell cultures by high-performance liquid chromatography.an assay is described for the enzyme tryptophan decarboxylase from plant cell suspension cultures. it is based on the fluorometric detection of tryptamine by hplc on a lichrosorb rp-8 select b column. tryptophan decarboxylase from catharanthus roseus was induced by transferring 14-day-old cells into an induction medium. optimum activity was found 2 days after transfer, the increase being 5- to 10-fold. when kept at -15 degrees c the crude enzyme lost half its activity in about 7 days. the rate o ...20133688427
larvicidal efficacy of catharanthus roseus linn. (family: apocynaceae) leaf extract and bacterial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis against anopheles stephensi liston.to explore the larvicidal activity of catharanthus roseus (c. roseus) leaf extract and bacillus thuringiensis (b. thuringiensis) against the malarial vector anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi), when being used alone or together.201324083578
heteromeric and homomeric geranyl diphosphate synthases from catharanthus roseus and their role in monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis.catharanthus roseus is the sole source of two most important monoterpene indole alkaloid (mia) anti-cancer agents: vinblastine and vincristine. mias possess a terpene and an indole moiety derived from terpenoid and shikimate pathways, respectively. geranyl diphosphate (gpp), the entry point to the formation of terpene moiety, is a product of the condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp) by gpp synthase (gpps). here, we report three genes encoding protein ...201323543438
colonization of madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus), by endophytes encoding gfp marker.this study reports the introduction of gfp marker in two endophytic bacterial strains (pantoea agglomerans c33.1, isolated from cocoa, and enterobacter cloacae pr2/7, isolated from citrus) to monitor the colonization in madagascar perinwinkle (catharanthus roseus). stability of the plasmid encoding gfp was confirmed in vitro for at least 72 h of bacterial growth and after the colonization of tissues, under non-selective conditions. the colonization was observed using fluorescence microscopy and ...201323695435
purification and partial characterization of microsomal cytochrome b555 from the higher plant catharanthus roseus.microsomal b-type hemoprotein designated, cytochrome b555 of c.roseus seedlings was solubilized using detergents and purified by a combination of ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration to a specific content of 18.5 nmol per mg of protein. the purified cytochrome b555 was homogeneous and estimated to have an apparent molecular weight of 16500 on sds-page. the absorption spectrum of the reduced form has major peaks at 424, 525 and 555 nm. the alpha-band of the reduced form is asymmetric wi ...20133754748
adaptation of lettuce mosaic virus to catharanthus roseus involves mutations in the central domain of the vpg.an isolate of lettuce mosaic virus (lmv, a potyvirus) infecting madagascar periwinckle (catharanthus roseus) was identified and characterized by illumina deep sequencing. lmv-cr has no close affinities to previously sequenced lmv isolates and represents a novel, divergent lmv clade. inoculation experiments with other representative lmv isolates showed that they are unable to infect c. roseus, which was not known to be a host for lmv. however, three c. roseus variants of one of these isolates, lm ...201424400938
zct1 and zct2 transcription factors repress the activity of a gene promoter from the methyl erythritol phosphate pathway in madagascar periwinkle cells.in catharanthus roseus, accumulating data highlighted the existence of a coordinated transcriptional regulation of structural genes that takes place within the secoiridoid biosynthetic branch, including the methyl erythritol phosphate (mep) pathway and the following steps leading to secologanin. to identify transcription factors acting in these pathways, we performed a yeast one-hybrid screening using as bait a promoter region of the hydroxymethylbutenyl 4-diphosphate synthase (hds) gene involve ...201425108262
7-deoxyloganetic acid synthase catalyzes a key 3 step oxidation to form 7-deoxyloganetic acid in catharanthus roseus iridoid biosynthesis.iridoids are key intermediates required for the biosynthesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias), as well as quinoline alkaloids. although most iridoid biosynthetic genes have been identified, one remaining three step oxidation required to form the carboxyl group of 7-deoxyloganetic acid has yet to be characterized. here, it is reported that virus-induced gene silencing of 7-deoxyloganetic acid synthase (7dls, cyp76a26) in catharanthus roseus greatly decreased levels of secologanin and the ...201424594312
evidence of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositols in the growth cycle of suspension cultured plant cells.suspension cultured cells of catharanthus roseus rapidly consume the inorganic phosphate of the medium and incorporate about 25% of it into their phospholipids. by three different methods of analysis it was shown that from these plant cells phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol species can be extracted; the mono- and diphosphorylated species were detected in amounts of about 7 and 1%, respectively, of the phosphatidylinositol fraction. autoradiography of 32p-labeled phospholipids showed that espec ...20143947362
oxidative stress and production of bioactive monoterpene indole alkaloids: biotechnological implications.monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias) encompass plant natural products with important pharmacological relevance. they include the anti-tumoral mias found in catharanthus roseus and camptotheca acuminata. the often low yields of bioactive alkaloids in plants has prompted research to identify the factors regulating mia production. oxidative stress is a general response associated with biotic and abiotic stresses leading to several secondary responses, including elicitation of mia production. these c ...201424062135
optimizing the transient fast agro-mediated seedling transformation (fast) method in catharanthus roseus seedlings.an agro-mediated transformation method has been adapted in catharanthus roseus seedlings for transient overexpression. our results suggest that agro-mediated methods may induce defense-related genes, which should be considered in its application. the fast agro-mediated seedling transformation (fast) method, which involves the co-cultivation and transient transformation of young seedlings with agrobacterium, was adapted and optimized in catharanthus roseus. we investigated the optimal conditions ...201424085309
effect of chromium on antioxidant potential of catharanthus roseus varieties and production of their anticancer alkaloids: vincristine and vinblastine.catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don, a medicinal plant, has a very important place in the traditional as well as modern pharmaceutical industry. two common varieties of this plant rosea and alba are named so because of pink and white coloured flowers, respectively. this plant comprises of about 130 terpenoid indole alkaloids and two of them, vincristine and vinblastine, are common anticancer drugs. the effect of chromium (cr) on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant components and on secondary met ...201424734252
engineering the mep pathway enhanced ajmalicine biosynthesis.the 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (mep) pathway genes encoding dxr and mecs from taxus species and str from catharanthus roseus were used to genetically modify the ajmalicine biosynthetic pathway in hairy root cultures of c. roseus. as expected, the str-overexpressed root cultures showed twofold higher accumulation of ajmalicine than the control. it was important to discover that overexpression of the single dxr or mecs gene from the mep pathway also remarkably enhanced ajmalicine biosynth ...201424237015
enhancement of vindoline and vinblastine production in suspension-cultured cells of catharanthus roseus by artemisinic acid elicitation.elicitation is an important strategy to improve production of secondary metabolites in vitro. artemisinic acid was studied as a novel elicitor to enhance the yield of terpenoid indole alkaloids in the present paper. our results demonstrated that the concentrations of vindoline and vinblastine were increased by sixfold and twofold, respectively, compared to those of the control group after treatment with artemisinic acid. to elucidate the underlying mechanism, we investigated the gene expression ...201423864440
medicinal plants used in treatment and management of cancer in kakamega county, kenya.traditional medicine plays a critical role in treatment of chronic debilitating and life threatening conditions and diseases. cancer is one such condition whose therapeutic intervention is commonly through inexpensive traditional herbal remedies. increasingly industrialised societies are developing drugs and chemotherapeutics from these traditional herbal plants. plant biogeography determines the abundance and availability of medicinal plants which in turn determine their use by local communitie ...201424362078
jasmonic acid effect on the fatty acid and terpenoid indole alkaloid accumulation in cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus.the stress response after jasmonic acid (ja) treatment was studied in cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus. the effect of ja on the primary and secondary metabolism was based on changes in profiles of fatty acids (fa) and terpenoid indole alkaloids (tia). according to multivariate data analyses (mvda), three major time events were observed and characterized according to the variations of specific fa and tia: after 0-30 min of induction fa such as c18:1, c20:0, c22:0 and c24:0 were hig ...201425029072
arabidopsis cap1-mediated ammonium sensing required reactive oxygen species in plant cell growth.[ca (2+)]cyt-associated protein kinase (cap) gene 1 is a receptor-like kinase that belongs to crrlk1l (catharanthus roseus receptor like kinase) subfamily. cap1 has been identified as a novel modulator of nh 4(+) in the tonoplast, which regulates root hair growth by maintaining the cytoplasmic ca (2+) gradients. different expression pattern of tonoplast intrinsic protein (tip2;3) in the cap1 knock out mutant and wild type on murashige and skoog (ms) medium suggested that cap1 influences transpor ...201424940875
biochemical and ultrastructural changes in sida cordifolia l. and catharanthus roseus l. to auto pollution.auto pollution is the by-product of our mechanized mobility, which adversely affects both plant and human life. however, plants growing in the urban locations provide a great respite to us from the brunt of auto pollution by absorbing the pollutants at their foliar surface. foliar surface configuration and biochemical changes in plant species, namely, sida cordifolia l. and catharanthus roseus l. grown at roadside (polluted site 1, talkatora; polluted site 2, charbagh) in lucknow city and in the ...201427355010
evaluation of the nutritive and organoleptic values of food products developed by incorporated catharanthus roseus (sadabahar) fresh leaves explore their hypoglycemic potential.diabetes becomes a real problem of public health in developing countries, where its prevalence is increasing steadily. diabetes mellitus can be found in almost every population in the world. since the ayurvedic practice started in india, plants are being used in the cure of diseases. although the catharanthus roseus have been used for their alleged health benefits and avail their hypoglycemic effect, used as medicine by diabetics. medicinal plants have rarely been incorporated in food preparatio ...201424790561
a look inside an alkaloid multisite plant: the catharanthus logistics.environmental pressures forced plants to diversify specialized metabolisms to accumulate noxious molecules such as alkaloids constituting one of the largest classes of defense metabolites. catharanthus roseus produces monoterpene indole alkaloids via a highly elaborated biosynthetic pathway whose characterization greatly progressed with the recent expansion of transcriptomic resources. the complex architecture of this pathway, sequentially distributed in at least four cell types and further comp ...201424727073
suppression of aggressive strains of 'candidatus phytoplasma mali' by mild strains in catharanthus roseus and nicotiana occidentalis and indication of similar action in apple trees.to study antagonistic interactions of 'candidatus phytoplasma mali' strains, graft inoculation of catharanthus roseus and nicotiana occidentalis was performed with mild strains 1/93vin and 1/93tab as suppressors and three aggressive strains as challengers. inoculation of the suppressors was carried out in either the cross-protection modus prior to grafting of the challengers or by co-inoculating suppressors and challengers. monitoring using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assays re ...201424724815
the seco-iridoid pathway from catharanthus roseus.the (seco)iridoids and their derivatives, the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias), form two large families of plant-derived bioactive compounds with a wide spectrum of high-value pharmacological and insect-repellent activities. vinblastine and vincristine, mias used as anticancer drugs, are produced by catharanthus roseus in extremely low levels, leading to high market prices and poor availability. their biotechnological production is hampered by the fragmentary knowledge of their biosynthesis ...201424710322
high-throughput transcriptome analysis of the leafy flower transition of catharanthus roseus induced by peanut witches'-broom phytoplasma infection.peanut witches'-broom (pnwb) phytoplasma are obligate bacteria that cause leafy flower symptoms in catharanthus roseus. the pnwb-mediated leafy flower transitions were studied to understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogen-host interaction; however, our understanding is limited because of the lack of information on the c. roseus genome. in this study, the whole-transcriptome profiles from healthy flowers (hfs) and stage 4 (s4) pnwb-infected leafy flowers of c. roseus were investigated usin ...201424492256
large scale in-silico identification and characterization of simple sequence repeats (ssrs) from de novo assembled transcriptome of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don.transcriptomic data of c. roseus offering ample sequence resources for providing better insights into gene diversity: large resource of genic ssr markers to accelerate genomic studies and breeding in catharanthus . next-generation sequencing is an efficient system for generating high-throughput complete transcripts/genes and developing molecular markers. we present here the transcriptome sequencing of a 26-day-old catharanthus roseus seedling tissue using illumina gaiix platform that resulted in ...201424482265
simultaneous quantitative determination of five alkaloids in catharanthus roseus by hplc-esi-ms/ms.to establish a method to simultaneously determine the main five alkaloids of catharanthus roseus for trace samples, a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-esi-ms/ms) analysis method was developed.201425443373
the improved resistance to high salinity induced by trehalose is associated with ionic regulation and osmotic adjustment in catharanthus roseus.the effects of exogenous trehalose (tre) on salt tolerance of pharmaceutical plant catharanthus roseus and the physiological mechanisms were both investigated in this study. the results showed that the supplement of tre in saline condition (250 mm nacl) largely alleviated the inhibitory effects of salinity on plant growth, namely biomass accumulation and total leaf area per plant. in this saline condition, the decreased level of relative water content (rwc) and photosynthetic rate were also grea ...201424589477
effect of gloriosa superba and catharanthus roseus extracts on ifn-γ-induced keratin 17 expression in hacat human keratinocytes.gloriosa superba and catharanthus roseus are useful in traditional medicine for treatment of various skin diseases and cancer. however, their molecular effect on psoriasis has not been investigated. in this study, the effect of ethanol extracts derived from g. superba leaves and c. roseus stems on the expression of psoriatic marker, keratin 17 (k17), was investigated in human keratinocytes using biochemical and molecular experimental approaches. both extracts could reduce the expression of k17 i ...201425435888
salicylic acid alters antioxidant and phenolics metabolism in catharanthus roseus grown under salinity stress.salicylic acid (sa) acts as a potential non-enzymatic antioxidant and a plant growth regulator, which plays a major role in regulating various plant physiological mechanisms. the effects of salicylic acid (sa; 0.05 mm) on physiological parameters, antioxidative capacity and phenolic metabolism, lignin, alkaloid accumulation in salt stressed catharanthus roseus were investigated.201425395715
antagonism of ca2+ influx via l-type ca2+ channels mediates the vasorelaxant effect of catharanthus roseus-derived vindorosine in rat renal artery.catharanthus roseus is a traditional herbal medicine used in asian and african countries for the treatment of various diseases including hypertension. the present study examined possible cellular mechanisms for the relaxation of rat renal arteries induced by vindorosine extracted from c. roseus. intrarenal arteries were isolated from 200-300 g male sprague-dawley rats and treated with different pharmacological blockers and inhibitors for the measurement of vascular reactivity on a multi myograph ...201425340466
somatic embryo mediated mass production of catharanthus roseus in culture vessel (bioreactor) - a comparative study.the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the use of liquid and solid murashige and skoog (ms) medium in different culture vessels for mass production of catharanthus roseus, an important source of anticancerous compounds, vincristine and vinblastine. three media conditions i.e. agar-solidified medium (s), liquid medium in agitated conical flask (l) and growtek bioreactor (b) were used. rapid propagation was achieved through in vitro somatic embryogenesis pathway. the process of embr ...201425313279
an abundant 'candidatus phytoplasma solani' tuf b strain is associated with grapevine, stinging nettle and hyalesthes obsoletus.bois noir (bn) associated with 'candidatus phytoplasma solani' (stolbur) is regularly found in austrian vine growing regions. investigations between 2003 and 2008 indicated sporadic presence of the confirmed disease vector hyalesthes obsoletus and frequent infections of bindweed and grapevine. infections of nettles were rare. in contrast present investigations revealed a mass occurrence of h. obsoletus almost exclusively on stinging nettle. the high population densities of h. obsoletus on urtica ...201425309042
iridoid synthase activity is common among the plant progesterone 5β-reductase family.catharanthus roseus, the madagascar periwinkle, synthesizes bioactive monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, among which the anti-cancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. the monoterpenoid branch of the alkaloid pathway leads to the secoiridoid secologanin and involves the enzyme iridoid synthase (is), a member of the progesterone 5β-reductase (p5βr) family. is reduces 8-oxogeranial to iridodial. through transcriptome mining, we show that is belongs to a family of six c. roseus p5βr genes. characteris ...201425239067
biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid indole alkaloids in catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus is one of the most extensively investigated medicinal plants, which can produce more than 130 alkaloids, including the powerful antitumor drugs vinblastine and vincristine. here we review the recent advances in the biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) in c. roseus, and the identification and characterization of the corresponding enzymes involved in this pathway. strictosidine is the central intermediate in the biosynthesis of different tias, which is form ...201425159992
investigation of a substrate-specifying residue within papaver somniferum and catharanthus roseus aromatic amino acid decarboxylases.plant aromatic amino acid decarboxylases (aaads) catalyze the decarboxylation of aromatic amino acids with either benzene or indole rings. because the substrate selectivity of aaads is intimately related to their physiological functions, primary sequence data and their differentiation could provide significant physiological insights. however, due to general high sequence identity, plant aaad substrate specificities have been difficult to identify through primary sequence comparison. in this stud ...201425107664
transcriptome analysis of catharanthus roseus for gene discovery and expression profiling.the medicinal plant, catharanthus roseus, accumulates wide range of terpenoid indole alkaloids, which are well documented therapeutic agents. in this study, deep transcriptome sequencing of c. roseus was carried out to identify the pathways and enzymes (genes) involved in biosynthesis of these compounds. about 343 million reads were generated from different tissues (leaf, flower and root) of c. roseus using illumina platform. optimization of de novo assembly involving a two-step process resulted ...201425072156
study of the effect of nickel heavy metals on some physiological parameters of catharanthus roseus.plants, in their life cycle, are usually exposed to various kinds of non-biological stresses including heavy metals. one of these heavy metals is nickel which affects many physiological processes of plants. studies have shown that the changes in planting conditions can affect the qualitative and quantitative features of catharanthus roseus; therefore, creating stressful conditions (e.g. nicl2) can be an effective way to investigate the changes. in this research, we investigated the effect of 0, ...201424870880
identification of a human abcc10 orthologue in catharanthus roseus reveals a u12-type intron determinant for the n-terminal domain feature.abc (atp-binding cassette) transporters are members of a large superfamily of proteins that utilize atp hydrolysis to translocate a wide range of substrates across biological membranes. in general, members of c subfamily (abcc) are structurally characterized by an additional (n-terminal) transmembrane domain (tmd0). phylogenetic analysis of plant abccs separates their protein sequences into three distinct clusters: i and ii are plant specific whereas cluster iii contains both human and plant abc ...201424840820
correspondence between flowers and leaves in terpenoid indole alkaloid metabolism of the phytoplasma-infected catharanthus roseus plants.several plants of catharanthus roseus cv 'leafless inflorescence (lli)' showing phenotype of phytoplasma infection were observed for symptoms of early flowering, virescence, phyllody, and apical clustering of branches. symptomatic plants were studied for the presence/absence and identity of phytoplasma in flowers. transcription levels of several genes involved in plants' metabolism and development, accumulation of pharmaceutically important terpenoid indole alkaloids in flowers and leaves and va ...201424658891
arabidopsis cap1-mediated ammonium sensing required reactive oxygen species in plant cell growth.[ca(2+)]cyt-associated protein kinase (cap) gene 1 is a receptor-like kinase that belongs to crrlk1l (catharanthus roseus receptor like kinase) subfamily. cap1 has been identified as a novel modulator of nh4(+) in the tonoplast, which regulates root hair growth by maintaining the cytoplasmic ca(2+) gradients. different expression pattern of tonoplast intrinsic protein (tip2;3) in the cap1 knock out mutant and wild type on murashige and skoog (ms) medium suggested that cap1 influences transport a ...201425763633
selection and validation of reference genes for transcript normalization in gene expression studies in catharanthus roseus.quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr), a sensitive and commonly used technique for gene expression analysis, requires stably expressed reference genes for normalization of gene expression. up to now, only one reference gene for qpcr analysis, corresponding to 40s ribosomal protein s9 (rps9), was available for the medicinal plant catharanthus roseus, the only source of the commercial anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. here, we screened for additional reference genes for this plant species ...201425058454
analyses of catharanthus roseus and arabidopsis thaliana wrky transcription factors reveal involvement in jasmonate signaling.to combat infection to biotic stress plants elicit the biosynthesis of numerous natural products, many of which are valuable pharmaceutical compounds. jasmonate is a central regulator of defense response to pathogens and accumulation of specialized metabolites. catharanthus roseus produces a large number of terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) and is an excellent model for understanding the regulation of this class of valuable compounds. recent work illustrates a possible role for the catharanthus ...201424950738
useful ethnophytomedicinal recipes of angiosperms used against diabetes in south east asian countries (india, pakistan & sri lanka).this paper is based on data recorded from various literatures pertaining to ethnophytomedicinal recipes used against diabetes in south east asia (india, pakistan and srilanka). traditional plant treatments have been used throughout the world for the therapy of diabetes mellitus. in total 419 useful phytorecipes of 270 plant species belonging to 74 angiospermic families were collected. from the review it was revealed that plants showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belong to the families, cucurb ...201425176368
medicinal plants cultivated in bapedi traditional healers homegardens, limpopo province, south africa.plants used for medicinal purposes are very common feature in bapedi traditional healer's home-gardens, but information about their diversity and application is not available.201425395716
catharanthus alkaloids xxxiii. 21'oxo-leurosine from catharanthus roseus (apocynaceae). 20147400819
catharanthus alkaloids. xxxv. isolation of leurosidine n'b-oxide from catharanthus roseus. 20147320741
isolation of vindoline from catharanthus roseus by supercritical fluid extraction.vindoline was extracted from the leaves of catharanthus roseus over the ranges of 35-70 degrees c and 100-300 bar using supercritical carbon dioxide with and without the addition of 3 wt % ethanol as a cosolvent. the vindoline contents in the extracts were determined by hplc and identified by lc/ms. the remarkable highest vindoline concentration, 58 wt %, was obtained at the lowest temperature, 35 degrees c, and the highest pressure, 300 bar, of this study. the use of a cosolvent only slightly i ...20151369042
continuous selective extraction of secondary metabolites from catharanthus roseus hairy roots with silicon oil in a two-liquid-phase bioreactor.a two-liquid-phase bioreactor was designed to extract indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus hairy roots with silicon oil. partition studies between silicon oil and culture medium showed that the silicon oil did not alter the availability of nutrients. the affinity of tabersonine and löchnericine for silicon oil is nine times higher than for the aqueous phase. cultures were elicited with 25 mg/l of jasmonic acid. the growth of the hairy roots was not significantly modified by the presence of ...201512363351
a pilot study of antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi from some sudanese medicinal plants.to evaluate the total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity of ethyl acetate extracts of 21 endophytic fungi isolated from five sudanese medicinal plants: calotropis procera, catharanthus roseus, euphorbia prostrate, vernonia amygdalina and trigonella foenum-graecum.201526433653
an endophytic fungus, talaromyces radicus, isolated from catharanthus roseus, produces vincristine and vinblastine, which induce apoptotic cell death.endophytic fungi isolated from catharanthus roseus were screened for the production of vincristine and vinblastine. twenty-two endophytic fungi isolated from various tissues of c. roseus were characterized taxonomically by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of rdna and grouped into 10 genera: alternaria, aspergillus, chaetomium, colletotrichum, dothideomycetes, eutypella, eutypa, flavodon, fusarium and talaromyces. the antiproliferative activity of these fungi was ...201526697875
microrna396-targeted short vegetative phase is required to repress flowering and is related to the development of abnormal flower symptoms by the phyllody symptoms1 effector.leafy flowers are the major symptoms of peanut witches' broom (pnwb) phytoplasma infection in catharanthus roseus. the orthologs of the phyllody symptoms1 (phyl1) effector of pnwb from other species of phytoplasma can trigger the proteasomal degradation of several mads box transcription factors, resulting in leafy flower formation. in contrast, the flowering negative regulator gene short vegetative phase (svp) was up-regulated in pnwb-infected c. roseus plants, but most microrna (mirna) genes ha ...201526103992
cjbhlh1 homologs regulate sanguinarine biosynthesis in eschscholzia californica cells.isoquinoline alkaloids (iqas), terpenoid indole alkaloid and nicotine are some of the most studied alkaloids. recently, several groups have reported that the biosynthesis of these alkaloids is regulated by basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factors. whereas the biosyntheses of nicotine and terpenoid indole alkaloid in nicotiana plants and catharanthus roseus are directly or indirectly regulated by arabidopsis thaliana myc2 homologs, a non-myc2-type bhlh transcription factor, cjbhlh1, co ...201525713177
binary stress induces an increase in indole alkaloid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus is an important medicinal plant, which produces a variety of indole alkaloids of significant pharmaceutical relevance. in the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential stress-induced increase of indole alkaloid biosynthesis in c. roseus using proteomic technique. the contents of the detectable alkaloids ajmalicine, vindoline, catharanthine, and strictosidine in c. roseus were significantly increased under binary stress. proteomic analysis revealed that the abundanc ...201526284098
a novel terpenoid indole alkaloid derived from catharanthine via biotransformation by suspension-cultured cells of catharanthus roseus.although catharanthine (1) is well known as a biosynthetic precursor of the anticancer alkaloid, vinblastine, its alternative metabolic pathways are unclear.201526272394
phytochemica: a platform to explore phytochemicals of medicinal plants.plant-derived molecules (pdms) are known to be a rich source of diverse scaffolds that could serve as the basis for rational drug design. structured compilation of phytochemicals from traditional medicinal plants can facilitate prospection for novel pdms and their analogs as therapeutic agents. atropa belladonna, catharanthus roseus, heliotropium indicum, picrorhiza kurroa and podophyllum hexandrum are important himalayan medicinal plants, reported to have immense therapeutic properties against ...201526255307
genome-guided investigation of plant natural product biosynthesis.the medicinal plant madagascar periwinkle, catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don, produces hundreds of biologically active monoterpene-derived indole alkaloid (mia) metabolites and is the sole source of the potent, expensive anti-cancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine. access to a genome sequence would enable insights into the biochemistry, control, and evolution of genes responsible for mia biosynthesis. however, generation of a near-complete, scaffolded genome is prohibitive to small research ...201525759247
indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus: bioproduction and their effect on human health.catharanthus roseus is a medicinal plant belonging to the family apocynaceae which produces terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) of high medicinal importance. indeed, a number of activities like antidiabetic, bactericide and antihypertensive are linked to c. roseus. nevertheless, the high added value of this plant is based on its enormous pharmaceutical interest, producing more than 130 tias, some of which exhibit strong pharmacological activities. the most striking biological activity investigated ...201525685907
"self" and "non-self" in the control of phytoalexin biosynthesis: plant phospholipases a2 with alkaloid-specific molecular fingerprints.the overproduction of specialized metabolites requires plants to manage the inherent burdens, including the risk of self-intoxication. we present a control mechanism that stops the expression of phytoalexin biosynthetic enzymes by blocking the antecedent signal transduction cascade. cultured cells of eschscholzia californica (papaveraceae) and catharanthus roseus (apocynaceae) overproduce benzophenanthridine alkaloids and monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, respectively, in response to microbial eli ...201525670767
effects of adding vindoline and meja on production of vincristine and vinblastine, and transcription of their biosynthetic genes in the cultured cmcs of catharanthus roseus.vincristine and vinblastine were found by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) in catharanthus roseuscambial meristem cells (cmcs) jointly treated with 0.25 mm vindoline and methyl jasmonate (meja), suggesting that c. roseus cmcs contain a complete set of the enzymes which are in response to convert vindoline into vincristine and vinblastine. based on the facts that the transcript levels of vindoline-biosynthetic genes (str, sgd and d4h) were up-regulated instead of being down-regulat ...201526882673
monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus cultivated in yunnan.a new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, 15,20-dehydro-3α-(2-oxopropyl) coronaridine (1), along with sixteen analogues (2-17) were isolated from the leaves of catharanthus roseus cultivated in yunnan. the new alkaloid was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, and the known alkaloids were identified by comparison with the reported spectroscopic data. among them, alkaloid 16 was isolated from catharanthus for the first time.201526882670
intraspecific differentiation of hancornia speciosa revealed by simple sequence repeat and random amplified polymorphic dna markers.hancornia speciosa, popularly known as mangabeira, is a fruit tree native to the brazilian cerrado that shows great economic potential, due to its multiple uses. intraspecific classification of this species is difficult because it shows high morphological diversity. an early study of the species reported that there are six botanic varieties that differ morphologically mainly in the shapes of their leaves and flowers. except to note the wide morphological variation and economic potential of this ...201526662392
the bhlh transcription factor bis1 controls the iridoid branch of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in catharanthus roseus.plants make specialized bioactive metabolites to defend themselves against attackers. the conserved control mechanisms are based on transcriptional activation of the respective plant species-specific biosynthetic pathways by the phytohormone jasmonate. knowledge of the transcription factors involved, particularly in terpenoid biosynthesis, remains fragmentary. by transcriptome analysis and functional screens in the medicinal plant catharanthus roseus (madagascar periwinkle), the unique source of ...201526080427
isolation of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don nuclei and measurement of rate of tryptophan decarboxylase gene transcription using nuclear run-on transcription assay.an accurate assessment of transcription 'rate' is often desired to describe the promoter activity. in plants, isolation of transcriptionally active nuclei and their subsequent use in nuclear run-on assays has been challenging and therefore limit an accurate measurement of gene transcription 'rate'. catharanthus roseus has emerged as a model medicinal plant as it exhibits an unsurpassed spectrum of chemodiversity, producing over 130 alkaloids through the terpenoid indole alkaloid (tia) pathway an ...201526024519
effects of β-cyclodextrin and methyl jasmonate on the production of vindoline, catharanthine, and ajmalicine in catharanthus roseus cambial meristematic cell cultures.long-term stable cell growth and production of vindoline, catharanthine, and ajmalicine of cambial meristematic cells (cmcs) from catharanthus roseus were observed after 2 years of culture. c. roseus cmcs were treated with β-cyclodextrin (β-cd) and methyl jasmonate (meja) individually or in combination and were cultured both in conventional erlenmeyer flasks (100, 250, and 500 ml) and in a 5-l stirred hybrid airlift bioreactor. cmcs of c. roseus cultured in the bioreactor showed higher yields of ...201525981997
functional analysis of related crrlk1l receptor-like kinases in pollen tube reception.the catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (crrlk1l) family of 17 receptor-like kinases (rlks) has been implicated in a variety of signaling pathways in arabidopsis, ranging from pollen tube (pt) reception and tip growth to hormonal responses. the extracellular domains of these rlks have malectin-like domains predicted to bind carbohydrate moieties. domain swap analysis showed that the extracellular domains of the three members analyzed (fer, anx1, herk1) are not interchangeable, sugges ...201525490905
precursor feeding studies and molecular characterization of geraniol synthase establish the limiting role of geraniol in monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus leaves.the monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias) are generally derived from strictosidine, which is formed by condensation of the terpene moiety secologanin and the indole moiety tryptamine. there are conflicting reports on the limitation of either terpene or indole moiety in the production of mias in catharanthus roseus cell cultures. formation of geraniol by geraniol synthase (ges) is the first step in secologanin biosynthesis. in this study, feeding of c. roseus leaves with geraniol, but not tryptopha ...201526398791
receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase maris functions downstream of crrlk1l-dependent signaling during tip growth.growing plant cells need to rigorously coordinate external signals with internal processes. for instance, the maintenance of cell wall (cw) integrity requires the coordination of cw sensing with cw remodeling and biosynthesis to avoid growth arrest or integrity loss. despite the involvement of receptor-like kinases (rlks) of the catharanthus roseus rlk1-like (crrlk1l) subfamily and the reactive oxygen species-producing nadph oxidases, it remains largely unknown how this coordination is achieved. ...201526378127
boosting sensitivity in liquid chromatography-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-tandem mass spectrometry for product ion analysis of monoterpene indole alkaloids.in metabolomics, the analysis of product ions in tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) is noteworthy to chemically assign structural information. however, the development of relevant analytical methods are less advanced. here, we developed a method to boost sensitivity in liquid chromatography-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-tandem mass spectrometry analysis (ms/ms boost analysis). to verify the ms/ms boost analysis, both quercetin and uniformly labeled (13)c quercetin were analyzed, reveal ...201526734034
vindogentianine, a hypoglycemic alkaloid from catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don (apocynaceae).vindogentianine, a new indole alkaloid together with six known alkaloids, vindoline, vindolidine, vindolicine, vindolinine, perivine and serpentine were isolated from leaf extract (da) of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods; nmr, ms, uv and ir. vindogentianine is a dimer containing a vindoline moiety coupled to a gentianine moiety. after 24h incubation, vindogentianine exhibited no cytotoxic effect in c2c12 mouse myoblast and β-tc6 mouse pan ...201525665941
identification of conserved and novel micrornas in catharanthus roseus by deep sequencing and computational prediction of their potential targets.micrornas are small endogenous non-coding rnas of ~19-24 nucleotides and perform regulatory roles in many plant processes. to identify mirnas involved in regulatory networks controlling diverse biological processes including secondary metabolism in catharanthus roseus, an important medicinal plant, we employed deep sequencing of small rna from leaf tissue. a total of 88 potential mirnas comprising of 81 conserved mirnas belonging to 35 families and seven novel mirnas were identified. precursors ...201525445288
relative mass defect filtering of mass spectra: a path to discovery of plant specialized metabolites.the rapid identification of novel plant metabolites and assignments of newly discovered substances to natural product classes present the main bottlenecks to defining plant specialized phenotypes. although mass spectrometry provides powerful support for metabolite discovery by measuring molecular masses, ambiguities in elemental formulas often fail to reveal the biosynthetic origins of specialized metabolites detected using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. a promising approach for mining ...201525659383
anti-diabetic potential of catharanthus roseus linn. and its effect on the glucose transport gene (glut-2 and glut-4) in streptozotocin induced diabetic wistar rats.catharanthus roseus is an important ayurvedic medication in traditional medicine. it is potentially used in countries like india, south africa, china and malaysia for the healing of diabetes mellitus. although, the molecular mechanisms behind this effect are yet to be exclusively explored. due to the great antidiabetic and hyperlipidemic potential of c. roseus, we hypothesized that the insulin mimetic effect of ethanolic extract of c. roseus might add to glucose uptake through improvement in the ...201526490765
structural identification of putative usps in catharanthus roseus.nucleotide sequences of the c. roseus sra database were assembled and translated in order to detect putative universal stress proteins (usps). based on the known conserved uspa domain, 24 pfam putative uspa proteins in c. roseus were detected and arranged in six architectures. the uspa-like domain was detected in all architectures, while the protein kinase-like (or pk-like), (tyr)pk-like and/or u-box domains are shown downstream it. three other domains were also shown to coexist with the uspa do ...201526318047
differential induction of meristematic stem cells of catharanthus roseus and their characterization.plant cell culture technology has been introduced for the mass production of the many useful components. a variety of plant-derived compounds is being used in various fields, such as pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics. plant cell cultures are believed to be derived from the dedifferentiation process. in the present study, an undifferentiated cambial meristematic cell (cmcs) of catharanthus is isolated using histological and genetic methods, and compared with dedifferentiation-derived callus ( ...201526298518
characterization of a second secologanin synthase isoform producing both secologanin and secoxyloganin allows enhanced de novo assembly of a catharanthus roseus transcriptome.transcriptome sequencing offers a great resource for the study of non-model plants such as catharanthus roseus, which produces valuable monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias) via a complex biosynthetic pathway whose characterization is still undergoing. transcriptome databases dedicated to this plant were recently developed by several consortia to uncover new biosynthetic genes. however, the identification of missing steps in mia biosynthesis based on these large datasets may be limited by the er ...201526285573
crbpf1 overexpression alters transcript levels of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic and regulatory genes.terpenoid indole alkaloid (tia) biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus is a complex and highly regulated process. understanding the biochemistry and regulation of the tia pathway is of particular interest as it may allow the engineering of plants to accumulate higher levels of pharmaceutically important alkaloids. toward this end, we generated a transgenic c. roseus hairy root line that overexpresses the crbpf1 transcriptional activator under the control of a β-estradiol inducible promoter. crbpf1 ...201526483828
characterization of 10-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase from catharanthus roseus reveals cascaded enzymatic activity in iridoid biosynthesis.catharanthus roseus [l.] is a major source of the monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias), which are of significant interest due to their therapeutic value. these molecules are formed through an intermediate, cis-trans-nepetalactol, a cyclized product of 10-oxogeranial. one of the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of mias is an nad(p)(+) dependent oxidoreductase system, 10-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase (cr10hgo), which catalyses the formation of 10-oxogeranial from 10-hydroxygeraniol via 10-o ...201525651761
iridoid synthase activity is common among the plant progesterone 5β-reductase family.catharanthus roseus, the madagascar periwinkle, synthesizes bioactive monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, including the anti-cancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. the monoterpenoid branch of the alkaloid pathway leads to the secoiridoid secologanin and involves the enzyme iridoid synthase (is), a member of the progesterone 5β-reductase (p5βr) family. is reduces 8-oxogeranial to iridodial. through transcriptome mining, we show that is belongs to a family of six c. roseus p5βr genes. characterizat ...201525578278
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