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increased availability of tryptophan in 5-methyltryptophan-tolerant shoots of catharanthus roseus and their postharvest in vivo elicitation induces enhanced vindoline production.ten 5-methyltryprophan (5-mt)-resistant multiple shoot culture lines in three genotypes of catharanthus roseus were selected in vitro. the variant shoot lines displayed a differential threshold tolerance limit against the analogue stress, ranged from 20 to 70 mg/l 5-mt in the medium. the lines tolerant to 40 mg/l 5-mt stress were most stable and fast proliferating. all the selected lines in the presence of 5-mt stress recorded increased level of tryptophan in their free amino acid pool. highest ...201222798187
biotransformation of hydroxycoumarin derivatives by cultured suspension cells of catharanthus roseus.using 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (1), 7-hydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (2), 5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (3), 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin (4) as substrates, three new compounds, 4-methylcoumarin-7-o-beta-d-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 6) beta-d-glucopyranoside (1b), 4-phenylcoumarin-7-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6) beta-d-glucopyranoside (2b), 4-methylcoumarin-5,7-o-beta-d-diglucoside (3b), along with four known compounds (1a, 2a, 3a and 4a) were biosynthesized by the cell suspension cultures of catharanthus r ...201222764584
development of efficient catharanthus roseus regeneration and transformation system using agrobacterium tumefaciens and hypocotyls as explants.as a valuable medicinal plant, madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) produces many terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias), such as vindoline, ajamlicine, serpentine, catharanthine, vinblastine and vincristine et al. some of them are important components of drugs treating cancer and hypertension. however, the yields of these tias are low in wild-type plants, and the total chemical synthesis is impractical in large scale due to high-cost and their complicated structures. the recent development of ...201222748182
cdna-aflp-based numerical comparison of leaf and root organ cdnas in catharanthus roseus.comparative transcriptome study of the leaf and root tissues of catharanthus roseus is a prerequisite for causing any favorable tissue-specific change in the secondary metabolism of this species. this study was aimed at comparative analysis of the leaf and root cdnas in c. roseus, using a cdna-aflp approach. using 64 primer combinations (ecori and msei), a total of 784 distinct transcriptionally-defined fragments (tdfs) could be detected in the root and leaf tissue transcript populations. the le ...201222734886
down-regulation of the crhpt1 histidine phosphotransfer protein prevents cytokinin-mediated up-regulation of crdxr, and crg10h transcript levels in periwinkle cell cultures.in catharanthus roseus cell cultures, cytokinins (ck) improve monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias) accumulation. this metabolite production is correlated with an increase of transcripts corresponding to genes encoding both elements of the ck-signaling pathway and enzymes implicated in mias biosynthesis. however, it has not been demonstrated that the ck signal, leading to mias accumulation, comes through components identified as belonging to the ck-signaling pathway. in this work, we addressed t ...201222714908
tryptophan over-producing cell suspensions of catharanthus roseus (l) g. don and their up-scaling in stirred tank bioreactor: detection of a phenolic compound with antioxidant potential.five cell suspension lines of catharanthus roseus resistant to 5-methyl tryptophan (5-mt; an analogue of tryptophan) were selected and characterized for growth, free tryptophan content and terpenoid indole alkaloid accumulation. these lines showed differential tolerance to analogue-induced growth inhibition by 30 to 70 mg/l 5-mt supplementation (ld(50) = 7-15 mg/l). lines p40, d40, n30, d50 and p70 recorded growth indices (i.e. percent increment over the initial inoculum weight) of 840.9, 765.0, ...201322678752
functional characterization of amyrin synthase involved in ursolic acid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus leaf epidermis.catharanthus roseus accumulates high levels of the pentacyclic triterpene, ursolic acid, as a component of its wax exudate on the leaf surface. bioinformatic analyses of transcripts derived from the leaf epidermis provide evidence for the specialized role of this tissue in the biosynthesis of ursolic acid. cloning and functional expression in yeast of a triterpene synthase derived from this tissue showed it to be predominantly an α-amyrin synthase (cras), since the α-amyrin to β-amyrin reaction ...201322652241
a single gene encodes isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase isoforms targeted to plastids, mitochondria and peroxisomes in catharanthus roseus.isopentenyl diphosphate isomerases (idi) catalyze the interconversion of the two isoprenoid universal c5 units, isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylally diphosphate, to allow the biosynthesis of the large variety of isoprenoids including both primary and specialized metabolites. this isomerisation is usually performed by two distinct idi isoforms located either in plastids/peroxisomes or mitochondria/peroxisomes as recently established in arabidopsis thaliana mainly accumulating primary isopreno ...201222638903
alternariol 9-o-methyl ether.the title compound (ame; systematic name: 3,7-dihy-droxy-9-meth-oxy-1-methyl-6h-benzo[c]chromen-6-one), c(15)h(12)o(5), was isolated from an endophytic fungi alternaria sp., from catharanthus roseus (common name: madagascar periwinkle). there is an intramolecular o-h⋯o hydrogen bond in the essentially planar mol-ecule (r.m.s. deviation 0.02 å). in the crystal, the molecule forms an o-h⋯o hydrogen bond with its centrosymmetric counterpart with four bridging inter-actions (two o-h⋯o and two c-h⋯o) ...201222590344
formation of tetrahydrocurcumin by reduction of curcumin with cultured plant cells of marchantia polymorpha.cultured plant cells of marchantia polymorpha, nicotiana tabacum, phytolacca americana, catharanthus roseus, and gossypium hirsutum were examined for their ability to reduce curcumin. only m. polymorpha cells converted curcumin into tetrahydrocurcumin in 90% yield in one day. time-course experiment revealed a two-step formation of tetrahydrocurcumin via dihydrocurcumin.201222574459
effect of non - monetary inputs on the yiedling performance of periwinkle (catharanthus sp.).an experiment to study the effect of inter and intra row spacing on the yielding performance of periwinkle species was conducted at nagarjun medicinal and aromatic plants research scheme, p. k. v., akola (m. s.) during 1980 - 81 to 82 - 83. three species viz., catharanthus roseus, catharanthus alba and catharanthus oscillatus did not differ significantly in respect of dried foliage and root yields. inter and intra row spacing of 30 and 20 cm. respectively produced the highest foliage and root yi ...198522557502
characterization of variation and quantitative trait loci related to terpenoid indole alkaloid yield in a recombinant inbred line mapping population of catharanthus roseus.improved catharanthus roseus cultivars are required for high yields of vinblastine, vindoline and catharanthine and/or serpentine and ajmalicine, the pharmaceutical terpenoid indole alkaloids. an approach to derive them is to map qtl for terpenoid indole alkaloids yields, identify dna markers tightly linked to the qtl and apply marker assisted selection. towards the end, 197 recombinant inbred lines from a cross were grown over two seasons to characterize variability for seven biomass and 23 ter ...201222546825
characterization of an endophytic whorl-forming streptomyces from catharanthus roseus stems producing polyene macrolide antibiotic.an endophytic whorl-forming streptomyces sp. designated as ts3ro having antifungal activity against a large number of fungal pathogens, including sclerotinia sclerotiorum, rhizoctonia solani, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, cryphonectria parasitica, fusarium oxysporum, pyrenophora tritici-repentis, epidermophyton floccosum, and trichophyton rubrum, was isolated from surface-sterilized catharanthus roseus stems. preliminary identification showed that streptomyces cinnamoneus subsp. sparsus was it ...201222524528
'candidatus phytoplasma malaysianum', a novel taxon associated with virescence and phyllody of madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus).this study addressed the taxonomic position and group classification of a phytoplasma responsible for virescence and phyllody symptoms in naturally diseased madagascar periwinkle plants in western malaysia. unique regions in the 16s rrna gene from the malaysian periwinkle virescence (mapv) phytoplasma distinguished the phytoplasma from all previously described 'candidatus phytoplasma' species. pairwise sequence similarity scores, calculated through alignment of full-length 16s rrna gene sequence ...201322523165
cytogenetic characterization and genome size of the medicinal plant catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don.catharanthus roseus is a highly valuable medicinal plant producing several terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) with pharmaceutical applications, including the anticancer agents vinblastine and vincristine. due to the interest in its tias, c. roseus is one of the most extensively studied medicinal plants and has become a model species for the study of plant secondary metabolism. however, very little is known about the cytogenetics and genome size of this species, in spite of their importance for br ...201222479673
cycloheximide as a tool to investigate protein import in peroxisomes: a case study of the subcellular localization of isoprenoid biosynthetic enzymes.cytosolic background fluorescence is often observed when native low-abundance peroxisomal proteins carrying a weak peroxisomal targeting sequence are expressed as fluorescent fusion protein using a strong constitutive promoter in transiently transformed plant cells. this cytosolic fluorescence usually comes from the strong expression of the low-abundance proteins exceeding the peroxisome import efficiency. this often results in a misinterpretation of the protein subcellular localization, as ther ...201222459325
cytotoxic dimeric indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus.three new dimeric indole alkaloids (1-3), together with five known ones (4-8), were isolated from the whole plants of catharanthus roseus. the structures and absolute configurations of new compounds were elucidated by means of nmr and cd analyses. all these compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against human breast cancer cell line mda-mb-231.201222445552
expression patterns of genes involved in the defense and stress response of spiroplasma citri infected madagascar periwinkle catharanthus roseus.madagascar periwinkle is an ornamental and a medicinal plant, and is also an indicator plant that is highly susceptible to phytoplasma and spiroplasma infections from different crops. periwinkle lethal yellows, caused by spiroplasma citri, is one of the most devastating diseases of periwinkle. the response of plants to s. citri infection is very little known at the transcriptome level. in this study, quantitative real-time pcr (rt-qpcr) was used to investigate the expression levels of four selec ...201222408455
anticancer drugs from traditional toxic chinese medicines.many anticancer drugs are obtained from natural sources. nature produces a variety of toxic compounds, which are often used as anticancer drugs. up to now, there are at least 120 species of poisonous botanicals, animals and minerals, of which more than half have been found to possess significant anticancer properties. in spite of their clinical toxicity, they exhibit pharmacological effects and have been used as important traditional chinese medicines for the different stages of cancer. the arti ...201222389143
three new monomeric indole alkaloids from the roots of catharanthus roseus.two new alkaloid glycosides (1 and 2) and a new monomeric indole alkaloid (3), together with 13 known ones (4-16), were isolated from the roots of catharanthus roseus. the structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of the spectroscopic methods. the absolute configuration of compound 3 was established by the modified mosher's method.201222332772
an protocol for genetic transformation of catharanthus roseus by agrobacterium rhizogenes a4.catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don is a plant species known for its production of a variety of terpenoid indole alkaloids, many of which have pharmacological activities. catharanthine can be chemically coupled to the abundant leaf alkaloid vindoline to form the valuable anticancer drug vinblastine. to study and extract catharanthine and other metabolites from c. roseus, a technique was developed for producing hairy root cultures. in this study, the agrobacterium rhizogenes a4 was induced in the hai ...201222328251
the cadin-2-en-1β-ol-1β-d-glucuronopyranoside suppresses tpa-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression through the erk signaling pathway in mcf-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells.a sesquiterpene glycoside, cadin-2-en-1β-ol-1β-d-glucuronopyranoside (known as cr4-1), was isolated from catharanthus roseus (apocynaceae) hairy root cultures. c. roseus is widely used as an ornamental and medicinal plant and is cultivated mainly for its alkaloids. c. roseus has been reported to have pharmacologic properties such as anti-cancer, enzymatic anti-oxidant, and anti-diabetic effects. in this study, we demonstrated that cr4-1 significantly inhibited the in vitro invasion of mcf-7 huma ...201222293298
differential patterns of dehydroabietic acid biotransformation by nicotiana tabacum and catharanthus roseus cells.the aim of this study was to use whole cell catalysts as tools for modification of selected resin acids in order to obtain value-added functional derivatives. the enzymatic bioconversion capacities of two plant species were tested towards dehydroabietic acid. dehydroabietic acid (dha) is an abundant resin acid in conifers, representing a natural wood protectant. it is also one of the constituents found in by-products of the kraft chemical pulping industry. dha was fed to tobacco (nicotiana tabac ...201122178236
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of Catharanthus roseus hydroxymethylbutenyl 4-diphosphate synthase gene promoter from the methyl erythritol phosphate pathway.The Madagascar periwinkle produces monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIA) of high interest due to their therapeutical values. The terpenoid moiety of MIA is derived from the methyl erythritol phosphate (MEP) and seco-iridoid pathways. These pathways are regarded as the limiting branch for MIA biosynthesis in C. roseus cell and tissue cultures. In previous studies, we demonstrated a coordinated regulation at the transcriptional and spatial levels of genes from both pathways. We report here on the i ...201122160472
enhancement of vindoline production in suspension culture of the catharanthus roseus cell line c20hi by light and methyl jasmonate elicitation.the effects of light and methyl jasmonate (mj) on the transcription of biosynthetic genes as well as the accumulation of vindoline and catharanthine in catharanthus roseus c20hi cell suspensions were studied. t16h (the gene encoding tabersonine 16-hydroxylase) could be induced by light and mj, whereas d4h (the gene encoding deacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase) could only be induced by light. quantification by uplc-ms showed that light significantly increased vindoline production in c20hi cells by a ...201122156254
evaluation of hypolipidemic activity of leaf juice of catharanthus roseus (linn.) g. donn. in guinea pigs.our aim of the study was to evaluate the hypolipidemic activity of leaf juice of catharanthus roseus (linn.) g. donn. in guinea pigs. adult guinea pigs of either sex were divided into seven groups: group 1 - normal diet; group 2 - high fat diet; group 3 and 4 - normal diet plus leaf juice of catharanthus roseus (linn.) g. donn. in the dose of 0.5 and 1 ml/kg, respectively; group 5 and 6- high fat diet with leaf juice of catharanthus roseus (linn.) g. donn. in the dose of 0.5 and 1 ml/kg, respect ...201122125959
basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and regulation of alkaloid biosynthesis.transcription factors of the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) family play a central role in cell proliferation, determination, and differentiation. in plants, the regulatory functions of bhlhs in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis have been well established with regard to other interacting-proteins; i.e., myb and wd40 repeat proteins. on the other hand, those in alkaloid biosynthesis are greatly limited due to the limited distribution of alkaloids in plant species. recently, several groups have reported ...201122067108
reengineering a tryptophan halogenase to preferentially chlorinate a direct alkaloid precursor.installing halogens onto natural products can generate compounds with novel or improved properties. notably, enzymatic halogenation is now possible as a result of the discovery of several classes of halogenases; however, applications are limited because of the narrow substrate specificity of these enzymes. here we demonstrate that the flavin-dependent halogenase rebh can be engineered to install chlorine preferentially onto tryptamine rather than the native substrate tryptophan. tryptamine is a ...201122050348
tubulin-based structure-affinity relationships for antimitotic vinca alkaloids.the vinca alkaloids are a group of widely used anticancer drugs, originally extracted from the madagascar periwinkle, that disrupt microtubule dynamics in mammalian cells by interfering with proper assembly of α,β-tubulin heterodimers. they favor curved tubulin assemblies that destabilize microtubules and induce formation of spiral aggregates. their binding energy profiles have been characterized by means of sedimentation velocity assays and the binding site of vinblastine at the interface betwe ...201222044006
Toxicological properties of several medicinal plants from the Himalayas (India) against vectors of malaria, filariasis and dengue.The leaves of five plants namely Nyctanthes arbortistis (Oleaceae), Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae), Boenininghusenia albiflora (Rutaceae), Valeriana hardwickii (Valerianaceae) and Eupatorium odoratum (Asteraceae) were selected for the first time from the Garhwal region of north west Himalaya to investigation its toxicological properties against mosquito vectors of malaria, filariasis and dengue. In a laboratory study, using different polarity solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform an ...201122041755
synthesis of xylooligosaccharides of daidzein and their anti-oxidant and anti-allergic activities.the biocatalytic synthesis of xylooligosaccharides of daidzein was investigated using cultured cells of catharanthus roseus and aspergillus sp. β-xylosidase. the cultured cells of c. roseus converted daidzein into its 4'-o-β-glucoside, 7-o-β-glucoside, and 7-o-β-primeveroside, which was a new compound. the 7-o-β-primeveroside of daidzein was further xylosylated by aspergillus sp. β-xylosidase to daidzein trisaccharide, i.e., 7-o-[6-o-(4-o-(β-d-xylopyranosyl))-β-d-xylopyranosyl]-β-d-glucopyranosi ...201122016613
the transcription factor crwrky1 positively regulates the terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus produces a large array of terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) that are an important source of natural or semisynthetic anticancer drugs. the biosynthesis of tias is tissue specific and induced by certain phytohormones and fungal elicitors, indicating the involvement of a complex transcriptional control network. however, the transcriptional regulation of the tia pathway is poorly understood. here, we describe a c. roseus wrky transcription factor, crwrky1, that is preferentially ...201121988879
evaluation of catharanthus roseus leaf extract-mediated biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles against hippobosca maculata and bovicola ovis.the purpose of the present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activities of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tio(2) nps) utilizing leaf aqueous extract of catharanthus roseus against the adults of hematophagous fly, hippobosca maculata leach (diptera: hippoboscidae), and sheep-biting louse, bovicola ovis schrank (phthiraptera: trichodectidae). the synthesized tio(2) nps were analyzed by x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), scanning ...201121987105
influence of some heavy metals on growth, alkaloid content and composition in catharanthus roseus l.shoot biomass production, alkaloid content and composition as influence by cadmium, manganese, nickel and lead at uniform dose of 5 mm were investigated in catharanthus roseus plants grown in sand culture. treatment with mn, ni, and pb significantly enhanced total root alkaloid accumulation. cd and ni treatment resulted in two-fold where as pb treatment resulted in three fold increase in serpentine content of roots. the non-significant affect on biomass suggests that plants can withstand metal s ...201021969751
the subcellular localization of periwinkle farnesyl diphosphate synthase provides insight into the role of peroxisome in isoprenoid biosynthesis.farnesyl diphosphate (fpp) synthase (fps: ec.2.5.1.1, ec.2.5.1.10) catalyzes the formation of fpp from isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate via two successive condensation reactions. a cdna designated crfps, encoding a protein showing high similarities with trans-type short fps isoforms, was isolated from the madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus). this cdna was shown to functionally complement the lethal fps deletion mutant in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. at the sub ...201121872968
phytoplasma-induced floral abnormalities in catharanthus roseus are associated with phytoplasma accumulation and transcript repression of floral organ identity genes.floral symptoms caused by phytoplasma largely resemble floral reversion in other plants. periwinkle leaf yellowing (ply) phytoplasma and peanut witches'-broom (pnwb) phytoplasma caused different degrees of floral abnormalities on infected periwinkle plants. the ply phytoplasma-infected plants exhibited floral discoloration, virescence, small flowers, and only occasionally full floral reversion. in contrast, pnwb phytoplasma frequently induced complete floral reversion and resulted in a witches'- ...201121864044
Fluorescence in situ hybridization for phytoplasma and endophytic bacteria localization in plant tissues.In the present study, we developed a rapid and efficient fluorescence in situ hybridization assay (FISH) in non-embedded tissues of the model plant Catharanthus roseus for co-localizing phytoplasmas and endophytic bacteria, opening new perspectives for studying the interaction between these microorganisms.201121851838
antihyperglycemic activity of catharanthus roseus leaf powder in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.catharanthus roseus linn (apocynaceae), is a traditional medicinal plant used to control diabetes, in various regions of the world. in this study we evaluated the possible antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect of c. roseus (catharanthus roseus) leaf powder in diabetic rats. diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (stz, 55 mg/kg body wt) to male wistar rats. the animals were divided into four groups: control, control-treated, diabetic, and diabetic-treated group. diabe ...201021808566
a virus-induced gene silencing approach to understanding alkaloid metabolism in catharanthus roseus.the anticancer agents vinblastine and vincristine are bisindole alkaloids derived from coupling vindoline and catharanthine, monoterpenoid indole alkaloids produced exclusively by the madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus). industrial production of vinblastine and vincristine currently relies on isolation from c. roseus leaves, a process that affords these compounds in 0.0003-0.01% yields. metabolic engineering efforts to either improve alkaloid content or provide alternative sources of the ...201121802100
development of ssr and gene-targeted markers for construction of a framework linkage map of catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus is a plant of great medicinal importance, yet inadequate knowledge of its genome structure and the unavailability of genomic resources have been major impediments in the development of improved varieties. the aims of this study were to develop co-dominant sequence-tagged microsatellite sites (stms) and gene-targeted markers (gtms) and utilize them for the construction of a framework intraspecific linkage map of c. roseus.201121788377
antiproliferative and phytochemical analyses of leaf extracts of ten apocynaceae species.the anticancer properties of apocynaceae species are well known in barks and roots but less so in leaves.201121772753
effects of co-administration of methanol leaf extract of catharanthus roseus on the hypoglycemic activity of metformin and glibenclamide in rats.to investigate the interacting effects of co-administration of methanol leaf extract of catharanthus roseus (c. roseus) on the hypoglycemic activity of metformin as well as glibenclamide using experimental rats.201121771702
simultaneous determination of vinblastine and its monomeric precursors vindoline and catharanthine in catharanthus roseus by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.catharanthus roseus is an important dicotyledonous medicinal plant that contains various anticancer components, such as vinblastine (vlb) and its monomeric precursors (vindoline and catharanthine). a capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (ce-ms) approach for the simultaneous determination of three components was developed in this work. baseline separation for three components was achieved by using a running buffer consisting of 20 mm ammonium acetate and 1.5% acetic acid in <20 min. quanti ...201121735550
methyl jasmonate induces atp biosynthesis deficiency and accumulation of proteins related to secondary metabolism in catharanthus roseus (l.) g. hairy roots.jasmonates are specific signal molecules in plants that are involved in a diverse set of physiological and developmental processes. however, methyl jasmonate (meja) has been shown to have a negative effect on root growth and, so far, the biochemical mechanism for this is unknown. using catharanthus roseus hairy roots, we were able to observe the effect of meja on growth inhibition, cell disorganization and cell death of the root cap. hairy roots treated with meja induced the perturbation of mito ...201121727181
characterization and subcellular localization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase from catharanthus roseus.the enzyme geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (ggps: ec 2.5.1.1, ec 2.5.1.10, ec 2.5.1.29) catalyses the formation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp) from isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate via three successive condensation reactions. a full-length nucleotide sequence of ggps (named crggps) was cloned from the medicinal plant catharanthus roseus. the deduced polypeptide has 383 amino acids with a calculated mass of 41.6-ákda and possesses prenyltransferase signatures charac ...201121706164
induced dwarf mutant in catharanthus roseus with enhanced antibacterial activity.evaluation of an ethyl methane sulphonate-induced dwarf mutant of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don revealed that the mutant exhibited marked variation in morphometric parameters. the in vitro antibacterial activity of the aqueous and alcoholic leaf extracts of the mutant and control plants was investigated against medically important bacteria. the mutant leaf extracts showed enhanced antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria except bacillus subtilis.201021695004
screening 64 cultivars catharanthus roseus for the production of vindoline, catharanthine, and serpentine.the leaves of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. are a valuable source of the terpenoid indole alkaloid (tia) anticancer drugs, vinblastine and vincristine. in particular, the precursor molecules vindoline and catharanthine are harvested from leaves and used for the semisynthetic production of vinblastine and vincristine. because of this application, catharanthine and vindoline can be used to screen for high-yielding tia cultivars. in this study, we compared the tia concentrations in the leaves of ...201121674816
induction and flow cytometry identification of tetraploids from seed-derived explants through colchicine treatments in catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don.the tetraploid plants of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don was obtained by colchicine induction from seeds explants, and the ploidy of the plants was identified by flow cytometry. the optimal treatment is 0.2% colchicine solution treated for 24 hours, and the induction rate reaches up to 30%. comparing with morphological characteristics and growth habits between tetraploids and the control, we found that tetraploids of c. roseus had larger stoma and more branches and leaves. hplc analysis showed t ...201121660143
over-expression of hmg-coa reductase and amorpha-4,11-diene synthase genes in artemisia annua l. and its influence on artemisinin content.artemisinin, an endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone, is a novel antimalarial natural product isolated from artemisia annua l. plants. the low concentrations (0.01-1.1%) of this compound in a. annua l. plants is, however, a major constraint for commercialization of artemisinin-based combination therapies (acts) recommended by who for treating malaria caused by multidrug-resistant p. falciparum sp. in this context, in vivo yield improvement programs were undertaken by us. in the present study, hmg- ...201121655998
peroxisomal localisation of the final steps of the mevalonic acid pathway in planta.in plants, the mevalonic acid (mva) pathway provides precursors for the formation of triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, phytosterols and primary metabolites important for cell integrity. here, we have cloned the cdna encoding enzymes catalysing the final three steps of the mva pathway from madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus), mevalonate kinase (mvk), 5-phosphomevalonate kinase (pmk) and mevalonate 5-diphosphate decarboxylase (mvd). these cdna were shown to functionally complement mva pathway d ...201121655959
slowly developing drought stress increases photosynthetic acclimation of catharanthus roseus.our understanding of plant responses to drought has improved over the decades. however, the importance of the rate of drought imposition on the response is still poorly understood. to test the importance of the rate at which drought stress develops, whole-plant photosynthesis (p(net) ), respiration (r(dark) ), daily carbon gain (dcg), daily evapotranspiration (det) and water use efficiency (wue) of vinca (catharanthus roseus), subjected to different drought imposition rates, were investigated. w ...201121645003
application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp)-based technology for authentication of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don.in this study, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp)-based molecular marker was developed for authentication of catharanthus roseus, a medicinal plant. samples of this plant were collected from different geographical locations in india. random amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) analysis of collected samples was carried out with 25 random primers. a 610-bp dna fragment, common to all accessions, was eluted, cloned, and sequenced. four lamp primers were designed on the basis ...201221644004
ectopic overexpression of vacuolar and apoplastic catharanthus roseus peroxidases confers differential tolerance to salt and dehydration stress in transgenic tobacco.crprx and crprx1 are class iii peroxidases previously cloned and characterized from catharanthus roseus. crprx is known to be apoplastic in nature, while crprx1 is targeted to vacuoles. in order to study their role in planta, these two peroxidases were expressed in nicotiana tabacum. the transformed plants exhibited increased peroxidase activity. increased oxidative stress tolerance was also observed in transgenics when treated with h(2)o(2) under strong light conditions. however, differential t ...201121643888
antiplasmodial potential of medicinal plant extracts from malaiyur and javadhu hills of south india.the emergence and spread of plasmodium falciparum with resistance to chloroquine (cq), the safest and cheapest anti-malarial drug, coupled with the increasing cost of alternative drugs especially in developing countries have necessitated the urgent need to tap the potential of plants for novel anti-malarials. the present study investigates the anti-malarial activity of the methanolic extracts of 13 medicinal plants from the malaiyur and javadhu hills of south india against blood stage cq-sensiti ...201121643655
emerging trends in research on spatial and temporal organization of terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in catharanthus roseus: a literature update.catharanthus roseus (the madagaskar periwinkle) plant is commercially valued for harbouring more than 130 bioactive terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias). amongst these, two of the leaf-derived bisindole alkaloids-vinblastine and vincristine-are widely used in several anticancer chemotherapies. the great pharmacological values, low in planta occurrence, unavailability of synthetic substitutes and exorbitant market cost of these alkaloids have prompted scientists to understand the basic architecture ...201221630129
a comparative study of morphology, reactivity and stability of synthesized silver nanoparticles using bacillus subtilis and catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don.large number of papers has been published recently on the eleventh group metallic elements such as ag, au and cu. our study was focused on biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, their morphology, reactivity and stability. we were interested to check these properties in two different samples, s1 and s2, respectively. the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved by reacting the samples with 1mm concentration of silver nitrate, one involves bacteria (s1) and the other involves the plant ext ...201121592749
accumulation of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in periwinkle seedlings (catharanthus roseus) as a model for the study of plant-environment interactions.alkaloids are part of the chemical arsenal designed to protect plants against an adverse environment. therefore, their synthesis and accumulation are frequently induced in response to certain environmental conditions and are mediated by chemical signals, which are formed as the first responses to the external stimulus. a set of experiments using catharanthus roseus seedlings is presented to illustrate this interaction. using the well characterized induction of monoterpenoid indole alkaloid synth ...200721591090
soybean transcription factor gmmybz2 represses catharanthine biosynthesis in hairy roots of catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don is a plant species known for its production of a variety of terpenoid indole alkaloids, many of which have pharmacological activities. production of catharanthine in cell cultures or in hairy roots established by transformation with agrobacterium rhizogenes is of interest because catharanthine can be chemically coupled to the abundant leaf alkaloid vindoline to form the valuable anticancer drug vinblastine. here, we observed a high amount of catharanthine in hairy ...201121590290
profile of aldose reductase inhibition, anti-cataract and free radical scavenging activity of selected medicinal plants: an attempt to standardize the botanicals for amelioration of diabetes complications.phytotherapy has played an important role in the management of diabetes and related complications. in the present study different fractions of catharanthus roseus l. (apocynaceae), ocimum sanctum l. (labiatae), tinospora cordifolia willd. (menispermaceae), aegle marmelos l. (rutaceae), ficus golmerata l. (moraceae), psoralea corlifolia l. (fabaceae), tribulus terrestris l. (zygophyllaceae), and morinda cetrifolia l. (rubiaceae) were evaluated as possible inhibitors of aldose reductase (ar: a key ...201121570444
effect of sodium nitroprusside on growth and terpenoid indole alkaloid production in catharanthus roseus hairy root cultures.nitric oxide (no) is known as a signaling molecule involved in elicitor-induced defense responses of plants. sodium nitroprusside (snp), a donor of no, stimulates catharanthine formation in catharanthus roseus cells.1 two important terpenoid indole alkaloids produced in small quantities within c. roseus are vinblastine and vincristine which are being used clinically as anticancer drugs. we are interested in engineering c. roseus hairy roots to increase the production of the tias. the present wor ...201321567990
two pairs of epimeric indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus.two pairs of epimeric indole alkaloids (1- 4) with a chlorine atom were isolated from the aerial part of catharanthus roseus. their structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data including uv, ir, hresims, nmr, and x-ray diffraction analyses. the cytotoxic activities of 1-4 against the hepg2 cell line were evaluated.201121544775
building a model: developing genomic resources for common milkweed (asclepias syriaca) with low coverage genome sequencing.abstract: background: milkweeds (asclepias l.) have been extensively investigated in diverse areas of evolutionary biology and ecology; however, there are few genetic resources available to facilitate and compliment these studies. this study explored how low coverage genome sequencing of the common milkweed (asclepias syriaca l.) could be useful in characterizing the genome of a plant without prior genomic information and for development of genomic resources as a step toward further developing a ...201121542930
natural products genomics: a novel approach for the discovery of anti-cancer therapeutics.plants continue to retain some advantages over combinatorial chemistry as sources of novel compounds, for example, they can generate metabolites with a complexity beyond synthetic chemistry. however, this comes with its own problems in production and synthetic modification of these compounds. natural products genomics (npg) aims to access the plants own genomic capacity to increase yields, and modify complex bioactive metabolites, to alleviate these limitations. npg uses a combination of gain of ...201121539926
functional expression of geraniol 10-hydroxylase reveals its dual function in the biosynthesis of terpenoid and phenylpropanoid.geraniol 10-hydroxylase (g10h), a cytochrome p450 monooxygenase, has been reported to be involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids. the gene for catharanthus roseus g10h (crg10h) was cloned and heterologously expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells. a number of substrates were subjected to assay the enzyme activity of crg10h. as reported in a previous study, crg10h hydroxylated the monoterpenoid geraniol at the c-10 position to generate 10-hydroxygeraniol. interestingly, ...201121504162
simultaneous quantification of four indole alkaloids in catharanthus roseus cell line c20hi by uplc-ms.an ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method to simultaneously quantify vindoline, catharanthine, serpentine and ajmalicine in catharanthus roseus cell line c20hi is reported. samples were extracted with 1% acetic acid, basified to ph 10 with ammonia, then extracted with ethyl acetate, dried, reconstituted with methanol-1% acetic acid water solution (1:1, v/v) and analyzed using an acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid gradient as the mobile phase. detection was carried out by ele ...201121478621
a stereoselective hydroxylation step of alkaloid biosynthesis by a unique cytochrome p450 in catharanthus roseus.plant cytochrome p450s are involved in the production of over a hundred thousand metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids. although cytochrome p450 genes constitute one of the largest superfamilies in plants, many of the catalytic functions of the enzymes they encode remain unknown. here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a cytochrome p450 gene in a new subfamily of cyp71, cyp71bj1, involved in alkaloid biosynthesis. co-expression analysis of ...201121454651
apetala2/ethylene response factor and basic helix-loop-helix tobacco transcription factors cooperatively mediate jasmonate-elicited nicotine biosynthesis.transcription factors of the plant-specific apetala2/ethylene response factor (ap2/erf) family control plant secondary metabolism, often as part of signalling cascades induced by jasmonate (ja) or other elicitors. here, we functionally characterized the ja-inducible tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) ap2/erf factor orc1, one of the members of the nic2-locus erfs that control nicotine biosynthesis and a close homologue of orca3, a transcriptional activator of alkaloid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus ...201121418355
the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor crmyc2 controls the jasmonate-responsive expression of the orca genes that regulate alkaloid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus.jasmonates are plant signalling molecules that play key roles in defence against insects and certain pathogens, among others by controlling the biosynthesis of protective secondary metabolites. in catharanthus roseus, the ap2/erf-domain transcription factor orca3 controls the jasmonate-responsive expression of several genes encoding enzymes involved in terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis. orca3 gene expression is itself induced by jasmonate. the orca3 promoter contains an autonomous jasmonate ...201121401746
alkaloid secondary products from catharanthus roseus cell suspension.plant cell culture, the growth of plant cells on solid medium or in liquid, was originally used to study the physiology and biochemistry of plants without the complication of the whole plant. however, it was soon found that plant cell cultures were often capable of producing compounds characteristic of the original plant. of particular interest were those compounds known as secondary products. secondary products are poorly defined, but in general are products that are not essential for growth, b ...199021390635
exploiting est databases for the mining and characterization of short sequence repeat (ssr) markers in catharanthus roseus l.periwinkle (catharanthus roseus l.) (family: apocyanaceae) is a ornamental plants with great medicinal properties. although it is represented by seven species, little work has been carried out on its genetic characterization due to non-availability of reliable molecular markers. simple sequence repeats (ssrs) have been widely applied as molecular markers in genetic studies. with the rapid increase in the deposition of nucleotide sequences in the public databases and advent of bioinformatics tool ...201121383904
identification of phenolic compounds in isolated vacuoles of the medicinal plant catharanthus roseus and their interaction with vacuolar class iii peroxidase: an h₂o₂ affair?class iii peroxidases (prxs) are plant enzymes capable of using h(2)o(2) to oxidize a range of plant secondary metabolites, notably phenolic compounds. these enzymes are localized in the cell wall or in the vacuole, which is a target for secondary metabolite accumulation, but very little is known about the function of vacuolar prxs. here, the physiological role of the main leaf vacuolar prx of the medicinal plant catharanthus roseus, crprx1, was further investigated namely by studying its capaci ...201121357771
[distribution and accumulation of vindoline, catharanthine and vinblastine in catharanthus roseus cultivated in china].the content of vindoline, catharanthine and vinblastine in the root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit of catharanthus roseus at various developmental stages were determined, and the biomass allocation was also determined to find the best harvest time.201021355225
[monomeric indole alkaloids from the aerial parts of catharanthus roseus].catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don is a plant of the catharanthus genus of apocynaceae which has been reported to have therapeutic effects of detoxication and anticancer. in order to further study the alkaloid constituents of c. roseus, the aerial parts of the plant were extracted with 95% etoh, and then treated with 2% h2so4 and nh3h2o to obtain total alkaloids. the total alkaloids were separated and purified by column chromatography over silica gel and prepared by high performance liquid chromato ...201021355212
cloning and characterization of two new class iii peroxidase genes from catharanthus roseus.we report here the cloning and characterization of two new class iii peroxidase genes, crprx3 and crprx4 from catharanthus roseus. the full length cdna of crprx3 is 1233 bp long encoding 330 amino acid residues. the crprx4 cdna contains an orf of 1055 bp, and encodes for 318 amino acids. hypothetical 3-d structure model of crprx3 and crprx4 detected the presence of two ca(2+) ion binding sites at proximal and distal end, and a heme group coordinate at central position. crprx3 and crprx4 are pres ...201121320785
overexpression of an apoplastic peroxidase gene crprx in transgenic hairy root lines of catharanthus roseus.peroxidases are a family of isoenzymes found in all higher plants and are known to be involved in a broad range of physiological processes. however, very little information is available concerning their role in catharanthus roseus. the present study describes the impact of both overexpression and suppression of a peroxidase gene, crprx in c. roseus transgenic hairy root lines. real-time pcr analysis in 35s-crprx and crprx-rnai transgenic lines indicated differential transcript profile for peroxi ...201121318361
functional analysis of the dat gene promoter using transient catharanthus roseus and stable nicotiana tabacum transformation systems.the catharanthus roseus dat gene encodes the enzyme acetyl-coa:deacetylvindoline-4-o-acetyltransferase involved in the last step of the indole alkaloid pathway leading to vindoline. this gene is characterized by specific cell type expression in idioblasts and laticifers. to understand the specific transcriptional regulation mechanism(s) of dat, several dat promoter gus constructs were cloned into pcambia1305.1. agroinfiltration of different explant types of c. roseus resulted in organ-specific a ...201121308469
the jasmonate-responsive element from the orca3 promoter from catharanthus roseus is active in arabidopsis and is controlled by the transcription factor atmyc2.jasmonates are plant signaling molecules that play key roles in protection against certain pathogens and against insects by switching on the expression of genes encoding defense proteins including enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of toxic secondary metabolites. in catharanthus roseus, the ethylene response factor (erf) transcription factor orca3 controls the jasmonate-responsive activation of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic genes. orca3 gene expression is itself induced by jasmonate. ...201121306988
potent α-amylase inhibitory activity of indian ayurvedic medicinal plants.indian medicinal plants used in the ayurvedic traditional system to treat diabetes are a valuable source of novel anti-diabetic agents. pancreatic α-amylase inhibitors offer an effective strategy to lower the levels of post-prandial hyperglycemia via control of starch breakdown. in this study, seventeen indian medicinal plants with known hypoglycemic properties were subjected to sequential solvent extraction and tested for α-amylase inhibition, in order to assess and evaluate their inhibitory po ...201121251279
molecular docking and pharmacogenomics of vinca alkaloids and their monomeric precursors, vindoline and catharanthine.vinblastine and vincristine are dimeric indole alkaloids derived from catharanthus roseus (formerly: vinca rosea). their monomeric precursor molecules are vindoline and catharanthine. while vinblastine and vincristine are well-known mitotic spindle poisons, not much is known about vindoline and catharanthine. vindoline and catharanthine showed weak cytotoxicity, while vinblastine, vincristine, and the semisynthetic vindesine and vinorelbine revealed high cytotoxicity towards cancer cells. this m ...201121219884
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transgenic plant production via direct shoot bud organogenesis from pre-plasmolyzed leaf explants of catharanthus roseus.production of agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transgenic plants, via direct shoot bud organogenesis from leaves of catharanthus roseus, is reported. a. tumefaciens harbouring the plasmid pbi121 with gus gene uida and kanamycin resistance gene nptii was used. highest transformation efficiency of 1.4 transgenic shoots/responded explant was obtained when pre-plasmolysed leaves, pre-incubated on shoot bud induction medium for 10 days, were subjected to sonication for 30 s prior to transformation. ...201121207108
the subcellular organization of strictosidine biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus epidermis highlights several trans-tonoplast translocations of intermediate metabolites.catharanthus roseus synthesizes a wide range of valuable monoterpene indole alkaloids, some of which have recently been recognized as functioning in plant defence mechanisms. more specifically, in aerial organ epidermal cells, vacuole-accumulated strictosidine displays a dual fate, being either the precursor of all monoterpene indole alkaloids after export from the vacuole, or the substrate for a defence mechanism based on the massive protein cross-linking, which occurs subsequent to organelle m ...201121205206
interactions between 'candidatus phytoplasma mali' and the apple endophyte epicoccum nigrum in catharanthus roseus plants.we investigated the ultrastructural and molecular interactions between 'candidatus phytoplasma mali' and the apple endophyte epicoccum nigrum in the experimental host catharanthus roseus to determine whether inoculation of endophyte could trigger defence reactions in the host.201121205105
synthesis and study of a molecularly imprinted polymer for the specific extraction of indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus extracts.two molecularly imprinted polymers (mip) for catharanthine and vindoline have been synthesized in order to specifically extract these natural indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus by solid-phase extraction (spe). each mip was prepared by thermal polymerisation using catharanthine (or vindoline) as template, methacrylic acid (or itaconic acid) as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (edma) as cross-linking agent and acetonitrile (or acetone) as porogenic solvent. for catharanthi ...201121167971
the expression of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose synthase and geraniol-10-hydroxylase or anthranilate synthase increases terpenoid indole alkaloid accumulation in catharanthus roseus hairy roots.the terpenoid indole alkaloid (tia) pathway in catharanthus roseus produces two important anticancer drugs, vinblastine and vincristine, in very low yields. this study focuses on overexpressing several key genes in the upper part of the tia pathway in order to increase flux toward downstream metabolites within hairy root cultures. specifically, we constructed hairy root lines with inducible overexpression of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose synthase (dxs) or geraniol-10-hydroxylase (g10h). we also constructed ...201121144909
molecular cloning and characterisation of two calmodulin isoforms of the madagascar periwinkle catharanthus roseus.involvement of ca(2+) signalling in regulation of the biosynthesis of monoterpene indole alkaloids (mia) in catharanthus roseus has been extensively studied in recent years, albeit no protein of this signalling pathway has been isolated. using a pcr strategy, two c. roseus cdnas encoding distinct calmodulin (cam) isoforms were cloned and named cam1 and cam2. the deduced 149 amino acid sequences possess four ca(2+) binding domains and exhibit a close identity with arabidopsis cam isoforms (>91%). ...201121143723
zoospore interspecific signaling promotes plant infection by phytophthora.oomycetes attack a huge variety of economically and ecologically important plants. these pathogens release, detect and respond to signal molecules to coordinate their communal behaviors including the infection process. when signal molecules are present at or above threshold level, single zoospores can infect plants. however, at the beginning of a growing season population densities of individual species are likely below those required to reach a quorum and produce threshold levels of signal mole ...201021138563
three new terpenoid indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus.three new terpenoid indole alkaloids, vidolicine (1), normacusine b n-oxide (2), and lochnerine n-oxide (3), together with seven known ones (4-10), were isolated from whole plants of catharanthus roseus. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (nmr, ms, uv, and ir). cytotoxic activities of these isolates (1-10) were evaluated, but only compound 8 was active against hl-60, smmc-7721, and a549 cell lines.201121104604
three non-autonomous signals collaborate for nuclear targeting of crmyc2, a catharanthus roseus bhlh transcription factor.crmyc2 is an early jasmonate-responsive bhlh transcription factor involved in the regulation of the expression of the genes of the terpenic indole alkaloid biosynthesis pathway in catharanthus roseus. in this paper, we identified the amino acid domains necessary for the nuclear targeting of crmyc2.201021073696
integrating carbon-halogen bond formation into medicinal plant metabolism.halogenation, which was once considered a rare occurrence in nature, has now been observed in many natural product biosynthetic pathways. however, only a small fraction of halogenated compounds have been isolated from terrestrial plants. given the impact that halogenation can have on the biological activity of natural products, we reasoned that the introduction of halides into medicinal plant metabolism would provide the opportunity to rationally bioengineer a broad variety of novel plant produc ...201021048708
spatial organization of the vindoline biosynthetic pathway in catharanthus roseus.vindoline constitutes the main terpenoid indole alkaloid accumulated in leaves of catharanthus roseus, and four genes involved in its biosynthesis have been identified. however, the spatial organization of the tabersonine-to-vindoline biosynthetic pathway is still incomplete. to pursue the characterization of this six-step conversion, we illustrated, with in situ hybridization, that the transcripts of the second biosynthetic enzyme, 16-hydroxytabersonine 16-o-methyltransferase (16omt), are speci ...201021047699
efficacy of anthelmintic properties of medicinal plant extracts against haemonchus contortus.the development of anthelmintic resistance has made the search for alternatives to control gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants imperative. among these alternatives are several medicinal plants traditionally used as anthelmintics. this present work evaluated the efficacy of ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol dried leaf and seed extracts of five medicinal plants were tested in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activities on haemonchus contortus. the in vitro assay was based on egg hatch as ...201020980034
clustered transcription factor genes regulate nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco.tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) synthesizes nicotine and related pyridine alkaloids in the root, and their synthesis increases upon herbivory on the leaf via a jasmonate-mediated signaling cascade. regulatory nic loci that positively regulate nicotine biosynthesis have been genetically identified, and their mutant alleles have been used to breed low-nicotine tobacco varieties. here, we report that the nic2 locus, originally called locus b, comprises clustered transcription factor genes of an ethylen ...201020959558
homolog of tocopherol c methyltransferases catalyzes n methylation in anticancer alkaloid biosynthesis.madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) is the sole source of the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine, bisindole alkaloids derived from the dimerization of the terpenoid indole alkaloids vindoline and catharanthine. full elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways of these compounds is a prerequisite for metabolic engineering efforts that will improve production of these costly molecules. however, despite the medical and commercial importance of these natural products, the biosynthetic ...201020956330
new method to enhance ajmalicine production in catharanthus roseus cell cultures based on the use of cyclodextrins.the joint use of cyclodextrins and methyljasmonate, when accompanied by a short exposure to uv, enhanced extracellular ajmalicine accumulation to 1040 ± 26.6 mg/l in suspension cultured cells of catharanthus roseus. the success of this strategy is due to the use of cyclodextrins, which not only induce ajmalicine biosynthesis but also promote adduct formation. this removes ajmalicine from the medium, reduces feedback inhibition and ajmalicine degradation, and allows its accumulation in the cultur ...201120953668
biochemical and epigenetic changes in phytoplasma-recovered periwinkle after indole-3-butyric acid treatment.to elucidate the possible mechanism of phytoplasma elimination from periwinkle shoots caused by indole-3-butyric acid (iba) treatment.201020796083
strictosidine activation in apocynaceae: towards a "nuclear time bomb"?the first two enzymatic steps of monoterpene indole alkaloid (mia) biosynthetic pathway are catalysed by strictosidine synthase (str) that condensates tryptamine and secologanin to form strictosidine and by strictosidine beta-d-glucosidase (sgd) that subsequently hydrolyses the glucose moiety of strictosidine. the resulting unstable aglycon is rapidly converted into a highly reactive dialdehyde, from which more than 2,000 mias are derived. many studies were conducted to elucidate the biosynthesi ...201020723215
transcriptional response of the catharanthine biosynthesis pathway to methyl jasmonate/nitric oxide elicitation in catharanthus roseus hairy root culture.jasmonates and nitric oxide (no) play important roles in the regulation of the signaling network leading to the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites. in this work, we explore the effect of constitutive overexpression of crorca3 (octadecanoid-responsive catharanthus ap2/erf domain), methyl jasmonate (meja), and sodium nitroprusside (snp) on the differentiated tissue of catharanthus roseus hairy roots. the changes in catharanthine concentration and in the levels of mrna transcripts of pathw ...201020714717
uv-b induced transcript accumulation of dahp synthase in suspension-cultured catharanthus roseus cells.the enzyme 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (dahp) synthase (ec 4.1.2.15) catalyzes the first committed step in the shikimate pathway of tryptophan synthesis, an important precursor for the production of terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias). a full-length cdna encoding nuclear coded chloroplast-specific dahp synthase transcript was isolated from a catharanthus roseus cdna library. this had high sequence similarity with other members of plant dahp synthase family. this transcript accumula ...201020704760
cloning and functional analysis of geraniol 10-hydroxylase, a cytochrome p450 from swertia mussotii franch.swertia mussotii franch has anti-hepatitis activity and contains a high level of iridoid monoterpenoids. the cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (cyp) geraniol 10-hydroxylase (g10h) is thought to play an important role in iridoid monoterpenoid and indole alkaloid biosynthesis. here we report the isolation of a full-length cdna clone of s. mussotii g10h (smg10h). the predicted gene product was a 496 residue protein designated cyp76b10, the sequence of which was highly similar to that of the cyp76 famil ...201020699579
vinca drug components accumulate exclusively in leaf exudates of madagascar periwinkle.the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias) of madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) continue to be the most important source of natural drugs in chemotherapy treatments for a range of human cancers. these anticancer drugs are derived from the coupling of catharanthine and vindoline to yield powerful dimeric mias that prevent cell division. however the precise mechanisms for their assembly within plants remain obscure. here we report that the complex development-, environment-, organ-, and c ...201020696903
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