Publications

a mitochondrial plasmid and plasmid-like rna and dna polymerases encoded within the mitochondrial genome of carrot (daucus carota l.).	the mitochondrial genome of mitochondrial type (mitotype) sw3 of carrot (daucus carota l.) encodes intact reading frames for a rna polymerase (rpo) and a dna polymerase (dpo) similar to those encoded by linear mitochondrial plasmids from plants. a blast search of translated nucleotide sequences in genbank revealed previously unreported plasmid-like rpo or dpo sequence fragments in many plant mitochondrial dnas. phylogenetic analyses of the relationships between mitochondrial (mt)dna-encoded and ...	2005	15549316
selecting iodine-enriched vegetables and the residual effect of iodate application to soil.	a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to select vegetables for iodine uptake. the residual effect of iodate fertilization on the growth of and iodine uptake by spinach plants were also investigated. six vegetables, including leafy vegetables (pakchoi [brassica chinensis l.], spinach [spinacia oleracea l.]), tuber vegetables (onion [allium cepa l.]), shoot vegetables (water spinach [ipomoea aquatica forsk.], celery [apium graveolens l.]), and root vegetables (carrot [daucus carota var. sativa ...	2004	15564656
susceptibility of two different strains of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) to plant oils.	the toxicity of 11 oils extracted from plants commonly grown in the himalayan region was studied using larvae of two aedes aegypti (l.) strains. a strain from liverpool, england, was highly susceptible to these oils. the lc50 values were much higher in a local laboratory strain. daucus carota l. oil was highly toxic in both strains. differences in the susceptibility of these strains to the action of the test oils and their potential use in integrated pest management are discussed.	2004	15568366
isolation of putative glycoprotein gene from early somatic embryo of carrot and its possible involvement in somatic embryo development.	somatic embryogenesis is a unique process in plant cells. for example, embryogenic cells (ec) of carrot (daucus carota) maintained in a medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) regenerate whole plants via somatic embryogenesis after the depletion of 2,4-d. although some genes such as c-abi3 and c-lec1 have been found to be involved in somatic embryogenesis, the critical molecular and cellular mechanisms for somatic embryogenesis are unknown. to characterize the early mechanism in ...	2004	15574842
potassium and carrot embryogenesis: are k+ channels necessary for development?	the expression pattern of the kdc1 gene, coding for an inwardly-rectifying k(+) channel of daucus carota , is described in several embryo stages and seedling tissues. relative quantitative rt-pcr experiments indicated that, during (somatic) embryonic development, the kdc1 transcript appears as early as the globular stage and that the transcript level remains constant throughout the successive heart and torpedo stages. thereafter, the kdc1 transcript is preferentially expressed in plant roots, bu ...	2004	15604655
fitness effects of alternaria dauci on wild carrot in the netherlands.	in a field experiment with a susceptible population of annual wild carrot (daucus carota) from iran, artificial inoculations with the fungal pathogen a. dauci led to a strong and very significant increase of the diseased leaf area. the pathogen caused a very significant decrease in fecundity and seed survival of the host. this considerable fitness reduction by a. dauci would suggest that introgression of disease resistance from cultivated (transgenic) carrot cultivars into wild carrot population ...	2002	15612255
effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the root uptake and translocation of radiocaesium.	because mycorrhizal fungi are intimately associated with plant roots, their importance in radionuclide (rn) recycling and subsequent dispersion into the biosphere has received an increasing interest. recently, the capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to take up and translocate radiocaesium to their host was demonstrated. however, the relative contribution of these processes in comparison to the ones of roots remains unknown. here, the respective contributions of the hyphae of a glomus specie ...	2005	15620597
relationship of carotenoids and tocopherols in a sample of carrot root-color accessions and carrot germplasm carrying rp and rp alleles.	carotenoids and tocopherols are powerful antioxidants synthesized in plants from a common precursor. they may offer significant health benefits to humans. seed oils have been shown to possess high levels of tocopherols, but little is known about their levels in the edible portions of most vegetable crops. a two-year field experiment was conducted at two locations to assess levels of major carotenoids and tocopherols in carrot (daucus carota) root and leaf tissue. levels of compounds in root tiss ...	2005	15656668
biosynthesis of mono- and sesquiterpenes in carrot roots and leaves (daucus carota l.): metabolic cross talk of cytosolic mevalonate and plastidial methylerythritol phosphate pathways.	the biosynthesis of the monoterpenes terpinolene and myrcene and the sesquiterpene beta-caryophyllene in roots and leaves of two carrot varieties (daucus carota l. cultivars bolero and kazan) were investigated by in vivo feeding experiments with [5,5-2h2]-mevalonic acid lactone (d2-mvl) and [5,5-2h2]-1-deoxy-d-xylulose (d2-dox). the volatiles of the tissues were extracted by stir bar sorptive extraction and analyzed using thermal desorption-multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ...	2005	15680987
competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (be, na, mg, k, ca, sc, mn, co, zn, se, rb, sr, y, zr, ce, pm, gd, hf) by carrot (daucus carota cv. u.s. harumakigosun).	we investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (be, na, mg, k, ca, sc, mn, co, zn, se, rb, sr, y, zr, ce, pm, gd, and hf) and the effect of ca on their uptake in carrots (daucus carota cv. u.s. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. the experimental results suggested that na, mg, k, and rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrane of the root cortex cells. in contrast, y, ce, pm, and ...	2005	15695849
influence of washing treatment and storage atmosphere on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and phenolic acid content of minimally processed carrot sticks.	the influence of washing uncut and shredded carrots (daucus carota l. ssp. sativa var. bangor) with chlorinated and ozonated water, respectively, as well as the storage of the produce under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively, on pal activity and synthesis of phenolic compounds have been evaluated on pilot plant scale. inherent raw material inhomogeneity was compensated by pooling large sized samples, and frequent sampling ensured significant data. pal activity was induced by processi ...	2005	15713021
phosphate uptake, transport and transfer by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus intraradices is stimulated by increased carbohydrate availability.	* the influence of carbohydrate availability to mycorrhizal roots on uptake, metabolism and translocation of phosphate (p) by the fungus was examined in axenic cultures of transformed carrot (daucus carota) roots in symbiosis with glomus intraradices. * 14c-labelled carbohydrates, 33p-phosphate and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis were used to follow the uptake and transfer of c and p in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis. * the uptake of p by the extraradical mycelium (erm) and its ...	2005	15720701
combined effects of coating, modified atmosphere packaging, and gamma irradiation on quality maintenance of ready-to-use carrots (daucus carota).	the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an edible coating combined with modified atmosphere (ma; 60% o2, 30% co2, and 10% n2) packaging and gamma irradiation on the microbiological stability and physicochemical quality of minimally processed carrots. a coating based on calcium caseinate and whey protein isolates was used. coated and uncoated peeled minicarrots were packed under the ma or air (78.1% n2, 20.9% o2, and 0.036% co2), irradiated at 0.5 or 1 kgy, and stored at 4 +/- 1 ...	2005	15726981
image analysis and in vivo imaging as tools for investigation of productivity dynamics in anthocyanin-producing cell cultures of daucus carota.	an anthocyanin-producing suspension culture of daucus carota (l.) cv. flakkese was used as model system to study secondary metabolite production in cell culture at the individual cell level. an approach was set up in which growth and production of anthocyanins were investigated using a combination of biochemical analysis, image (colour) analysis and in vivo imaging. this novel approach was used to segment the culture in different subpopulations and dissect the productive process in the cell cult ...	2005	15760374
possible involvement of abscisic acid in the induction of secondary somatic embryogenesis on seed-coat-derived carrot somatic embryos.	when seed coats (pericarps) were picked from 14-day-old carrot (daucus carota) seedlings and cultured on agar plates, embryogenic cell clusters were produced very rapidly at a high frequency on the open side edge. embryo induction progressed without auxin treatment; indeed treatment caused the formation of non-embryogenic callus. the embryogenic tissues (primary embryos) developed normally until the torpedo stage; however, after this a number of secondary somatic embryos were produced in the hyp ...	2005	15770487
drought-inducible-but aba-independent-thaumatin-like protein from carrot (daucus carota l.).	drought treatment induces the accumulation of dctlp, which is similar in structure to the thaumatin-like proteins (tlps) found in the embryogenic calli, seedlings, and mature plants of carrot (daucus carota). we isolated a full-length dctlp cdna clone from carrot and characterized the 5' upstream sequences. the coding region of dctlp consisted of 645 nucleotides; the theoretical pi value was 4.9, and its molecular weight was approximately 22 kda. the production of dctlp transcripts in the seedli ...	2005	15789205
evaluation of fungicides for the control of carrot cavity spot.	cavity spot is one of the most common and serious diseases of carrot (daucus carota l). the disease, caused by different species of pythium, including p. violae chesters & hickman, p. sulcatum pratt & mitchell and p. sylvaticum campbell & hendrix, leads to frequent high rejection rates during grading worldwide. in the area of the city of québec, the disease is caused mainly by p. sulcatum, p. sylvaticum and p. macrosporum vaartaja & van der plaats-niterink. cavity spot can be controlled with met ...	2005	15880371
crosstalk between aba and auxin signaling pathways in roots of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh.	studies of abscisic acid (aba) and auxin have revealed that these pathways impinge on each other. the daucus carota (l.) dc3 promoter: uida (beta-glucuronidase: gus) chimaeric reporter (prodc3:gus) is induced by aba, osmoticum, and the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in vegetative tissues of transgenic arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. here, we describe the root tissue-specific expression of prodc3:gus in the aba-insensitive-2 (abi2-1), auxin-insensitive-1 (aux1), auxin-resistant-4 (axr4), and r ...	2005	15889272
molecular evolution of flavonoid dioxygenases in the family apiaceae.	plant species of the family apiaceae are known to accumulate flavonoids mainly in the form of flavones and flavonols. three 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, flavone synthase or flavanone 3 beta-hydroxylase and flavonol synthase are involved in the biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites. the corresponding genes were cloned recently from parsley (petroselinum crispum) leaves. flavone synthase i appears to be confined to the apiaceae, and the unique occurrence as well as its high sequenc ...	2005	15913674
construction of a micro-library enriched with genomic replication origins of carrot somatic embryos by laser microdissection.	in this paper, we describe an effective method for constructing a micro-library enriched with chromosomal dna replication origins. carrot (daucus carota l.) somatic embryos at early globular stage were incubated for 15 min in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) to pulse label newly synthesized dna strands. nuclei were isolated from the cells, and the dna was extracted on microscopic slides. dna fibers spread on slides were visualized using anti-brdu and fitc-conjugated secondary antibodies. ...	2005	15936205
crotonic acid as a bioactive factor in carrot seeds (daucus carota l.).	water extracts from the carrot seed (daucus carota l.) var. perfekcja exhibit plant growth inhibitory properties against cress, cucumber, onion and carrot in a dose-dependant manner. this property results from the action of low-and high-molecular components of the extract. the low-molecular component was identified as crotonic acid ((e)-2-butenoic acid). its presence was also confirmed in other late varieties of carrot. the determined strong herbicidal properties of crotonic acid and its availab ...	2005	15960983
[the characteristics of nuclear/cytoplasmic genomes of asymmetric somatic hybrid of daucus carota var. sativa and swertia mussotii].	protoplasts of swertia mussotii irradiated by ultra-violet light (uv) 260 microw/cm(2) were fused with protoplasts of daucus carota var. sativa using the peg method. analysis of 5s rdna spacer sequences and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) showed the presence and combination of nuclear dna from both parents. all hybrids mainly contained genomes of d. carota (receptor) rapd bands, and a few donor rapd bands of s. mussotii. there is no obvious relationship between the nuclear dna compositio ...	2005	15961899
rare trisubstituted sesquiterpenes daucanes from the wild daucus carota.	phytochemical and biological investigation of the roots of the wild daucus carota ssp. carota afforded three new and four known compounds, including four sesquiterpenes daucane esters (1-3 [new], and 4), one polyacetylene (5), one sesquiterpene coumarin (6), and sitosterol glucoside. the structures of the new compounds were determined by comprehensive nmr studies, including dept, cosy, noesy, hmqc and hmbc analyses. based on an agar diffusion assay, 1, 2 and 4-6 were screened and found to contai ...	2005	15964039
proliferation-dependent pattern of expression of a dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene from daucus carota.	the pattern of expression of a carrot dhfr-ts gene was evaluated in different plant organs, in somatic embryos, and in hypocotyl explants induced to dedifferentiate in vitro by the addition of the synthetic auxin 2,4 dichorophenoxyacetic acid. the promoter of this gene was also placed upstream of a uida (gus) reporter gene and, using biolistic and protoplasts transient expression assays, was shown to drive a particularly high level of expression in actively growing suspension cells. the results ...	2008	15967738
structural analysis of xyloglucans in the primary cell walls of plants in the subclass asteridae.	the structures of xyloglucans from several plants in the subclass asteridae were examined to determine how their structures vary in different taxonomic orders. xyloglucans, solubilized from plant cell walls by a sequential (enzymatic and chemical) extraction procedure, were isolated, and their structures were characterized by nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. all campanulids examined, including lactuca sativa (lettuce, order asterales), tenacetum ptarmiciflorum (dusty miller, order asteral ...	2005	15975566
tissue-dependent distribution and accumulation of chlorobenzenes by vegetables in urban area.	five seasonal vegetables from three growing sites in hangzhou city, zhejiang province, were studied for the levels of four chlorobenzenes(cbs): o-dichlorobenzene (o-dcb), p-dichlorobenzene (p-dcb), m-dichlorobenzene (m-dcb), and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-tcb). samples of each vegetable from each site were subdivided into leaves, stems, and roots, and these subsamples were analyzed separately for the levels of accumulated cbs. relations between the levels of cbs in vegetables with the total o ...	2005	16002141
particle surface characteristics may play an important role in phytotoxicity of alumina nanoparticles.	the phytotoxicity of alumina nanoparticles loaded with and without phenanthrene (phen) was investigated by means of root elongation (re) experiments in this study. five plant species, zea mays (corn), cucumis sativus (cucumber), glycine max (soybean), brassica oleracea (cabbage), and daucus carota (carrot) were used in our study of phytotoxicity by root elongation experiments. the surface characteristics of phen-loaded and phen-nonloaded nanoparticles were investigated using the fourier transfor ...	2005	16039401
adaptations required for mitochondrial import following mitochondrial to nucleus gene transfer of ribosomal protein s10.	the minimal requirements to support protein import into mitochondria were investigated in the context of the phenomenon of ongoing gene transfer from the mitochondrion to the nucleus in plants. ribosomal protein 10 of the small subunit is encoded in the mitochondrion in soybean and many other angiosperms, whereas in several other species it is nuclear encoded and thus must be imported into the mitochondrial matrix to function. when encoded by the nuclear genome, it has adopted different strategi ...	2005	16040655
stereoselective reduction of ketones by daucus carota hairy root cultures.	reduction of acetophenone by daucus carota hairy root cultures afforded (s)-phenylethanol in high yield (96%) and excellent enantiomeric excess (ee>or=98%). aromatic ketones, keto esters, and a simple aliphatic ketone were reduced with good stereoselectivity (ee=62-98%) and moderate to high chemical yields (25-90%).	2005	16049739
the assessment of biological activities associated with the major constituents of the methanol extract of 'wild carrot' (daucus carota l) seeds.	daucus carota l. (family: apiaceae alt. umbelliferae), commonly known as 'wild carrot' or 'queen anne's-lace,' is an ecologically invasive erect biennial naturalized to scotland. the ethnobotanical uses of this species include applications in the treatment of cough, diarrhea, dysentery, cancer, malaria and tumors, and as an antiseptic, abortifacient, aphrodisiac, carminative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. the major constituents isolated from the methanol extract of d. carota seeds by reversed- ...	2005	16093236
in situ simultaneous analysis of polyacetylenes, carotenoids and polysaccharides in carrot roots.	this paper presents an approach to simultaneously analyze polyacetylenes, carotenoids, and polysaccharides in carrot (daucus carota l.) roots by means of raman spectroscopy. the components were measured in situ in the plant tissue without any preliminary sample preparation. the analysis is based on the intensive and characteristic key bands observed in the raman spectrum of carrot root. the molecular structures of the main carrot polyacetylenes, falcarinol and falcarindiol, are similar, but thei ...	2005	16104767
adaptation of plants to altered shoot orientation relative to the gravity vector.	wheat triticum aestivum l., carrots daucus carota l., chinese cabbage brassica pekinensis rupr., and african marigold tagetes patula l. were grown at natural and inverted orientation in the earth gravitational field. light vector was set unidirectional or opposite directional relative to the gravity vector. shoot orientation relative to the gravity vector was set natural or invert. plants grew in the special pots furnished with plane or cylindrical hydrophilic porous membranes. the membrane allo ...	2004	16240510
green fluorescent protein as an efficient selection marker for agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated carrot transformation.	agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation combined with a visual selection for green fluorescent protein (gfp) has been applied effectively in carrot (daucus carota l.) transformation. carrot root discs were inoculated with a4, a4t, lba1334 and lba9402 strains, all bearing gfp gene in pbin-m-gfp5-er. the results indicate that transformed adventitious roots can be visually selected solely based on gfp fluorescence with a very high accuracy. the method requires no selection agents like anti ...	2006	16247612
influence of carrot psyllid (trioza apicalis) feeding or exogenous limonene or methyl jasmonate treatment on composition of carrot (daucus carota) leaf essential oil and headspace volatiles.	the effect of carrot psyllid (trioza apicalis förster) feeding and limonene and methyl jasmonate (meja) treatments on the essential oil composition and headspace volatiles of carrot (daucus carota ssp. sativus), cvs. parano and splendid, leaves was studied. carrot psyllid feeding significantly increased the concentrations of sabinene, beta-pinene, and limonene, whereas limonene treatment increased the concentration of (z)-beta-ocimene in the leaves of both cultivars. the limonene treatment signi ...	2005	16248564
n-acetyl glutamate kinase from daucus carota suspension cultures: embryogenic expression profile, purification and characterization.	in daucus carota, n-acetylglutamate-5-phosphotransferase (nagk; e.c. 2.7.2.8) specific activity was shown to correlate with the progression of somatic embryogenesis and was highest in the latter stages, where growth was most rapid. the enzyme was subsequently purified greater than 1200-fold using heat treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, anion exchange and dye ligand chromatography. carrot nagk was shown to have a subunit molecular weight of 31 kda and form a hexamer. the k ...	2005	16289950
the influence of external nitrogen on carbon allocation to glomus intraradices in monoxenic arbuscular mycorrhiza.	the influence of external nitrogen (n) on carbon (c) allocation and processes related to phosphorus (p) metabolism were studied in monoxenic arbuscular mycorrhiza (am) cultures of daucus carota. fungal hyphae of glomus intraradices proliferated from colonized roots growing on solid medium into c-free liquid minimal medium with two different n and p levels. furthermore, we exposed the colonized roots to high or low n availability and then studied the mycelial development. roots were provided with ...	2005	16313649
two sweetpotato adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase isoforms are regulated antagonistically in response to sucrose content in storage roots.	the transcriptional regulation of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase) genes in detached leaves in response to exogenous sucrose has been investigated earlier; however the effects of endogenous sucrose on agpase gene transcription in leaves or starch-accumulating tissues have not yet been determined. we therefore have investigated the relationship between endogenous sucrose content in the storage tissues of sweetpotato (ipomoea batatas cv. yulmi) and the rate of transcription of the two sweetp ...	2006	16338103
uptake and transformation of phenol and chlorophenols by hairy root cultures of daucus carota, ipomoea batatas and solanum aviculare.	hairy root cultures of daucus carota l., ipomoea batatas l. and solanum aviculare forst were investigated for their susceptibility to the highly toxic pollutants phenol and chlorophenols and for the involvement of inherent peroxidases in the removal of phenols from liquid media. roots of d. carota grew normally in medium containing 1000 micromol l(-1) of phenol, whilst normal growth of roots of i. batatas and s. aviculare was only possible at levels up to 500 micromol l(-1). in the presence of c ...	2006	16364403
combined effects of antimicrobial coating, modified atmosphere packaging, and gamma irradiation on listeria innocua present in ready-to-use carrots (daucus carota).	the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an edible antimicrobial coating combined with modified atmosphere (ma) packaging (60% o2, 30% co2, and 10% n2) and gamma irradiation on peeled minicarrots inoculated with listeria innocua. carrots were inoculated with l. innocua (10(3) cfu/g) and then coated with an antimicrobial coating based on calcium caseinate containing trans-cinnamaldehyde. the same formulation without trans-cinnamaldehyde was used as an inactive coating. coated and ...	2006	16416904
influence of antimicrobial compounds and modified atmosphere packaging on radiation sensitivity of listeria monocytogenes present in ready-to-use carrots (daucus carota).	radiosensitization of listeria monocytogenes was determined in the presence of trans-cinnamaldehyde, spanish oregano, winter savory, and chinese cinnamon on peeled minicarrots packed under air or under a modified atmosphere (60% o2, 30% co2, and 10% n2). samples were inoculated with l. monocytogenes hpb 2812 serovar 1/2a (106 cfu/g) and were coated separately with each active compound (0.5%, wt/wt) before being packaged under air or the modified atmosphere and irradiated at doses from 0.07 to 2. ...	2006	16416924
master: a novel family of pif/harbinger-like transposable elements identified in carrot (daucus carota l.).	members of a novel master family of class ii transposons were identified in the carrot genome. two elements, 2.5 kb long dcmaster1 and 4.4 kb long dcmaster-a, are characterized by 22 bp imperfect terminal inverted repeats and by 3 bp target site duplications. genbank search revealed that related elements are also present in medicago truncatula, including a 5.1 kb element mtmaster-a. both dcmaster-a and mtmaster-a contain open reading frames encoding for putative transposases with the complete dd ...	2006	16482474
radiation processing to ensure safety of minimally processed carrot (daucus carota) and cucumber (cucumis sativus): optimization of dose for the elimination of salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes.	minimally processed vegetables are in demand, because they offer convenience to consumers. however, these products are often unsafe because of possible contamination with pathogens, such as salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7, and shigella species. therefore, this study was carried out to optimize the radiation dose necessary to ensure the safety of precut carrot and cucumber. decimal reduction doses (d-values) of salmonella typhimurium mtcc 98 were ca. 0.164 kgy in carrot samples and 0.178 kgy ...	2006	16496592
beet leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) settling behavior, survival, and reproduction on selected host plants.	experiments were conducted to determine the settling behavior, survival, and reproduction of the beet leafhopper, circulifer tenellus (baker), when maintained on selected host plants. this leafhopper was recently identified in the columbia basin of washington and oregon as the probable vector of the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent phytoplasma, causal agent of several vegetable crop diseases, including potato purple top. plants selected for study were sugar beet, beta vulgaris l.; ra ...	2005	16539100
ethylene regulation of gene expression in carrots.	the respiration of carrot (daucus carota l.) roots is stimulated by ethylene. polyribosomes were shown to proliferate concomitantly with the increase in respiration, and the extent of polyribosome augmentation was closely correlated to the amount of respiratory stimulation. in addition to the increase in quantity, ethylene caused a 2-fold increase in the average polyribosome size, suggesting tighter packing of ribosomes on rna. in vitro translation of carrot polyadenylylated rna with the rabbit ...	1982	16593207
tubulins from different higher plant species are immunologically nonidentical and bind colchicine differentially.	we have initiated immunological and drug-binding studies on the tubulins from different higher plant species. antibodies were raised against electrophoretically separated rose (rosa sp.) tubulin alpha- and beta-subunits and characterized by immunoblot autoradiographic assays. each igg preparation bound to its antigen and cross-reacted differentially with the respective tubulin subunits from an alga, sea urchin, rabbit, and cow. antigenic determinants were shared more among the beta-subunits than ...	1984	16593430
electrical polarity in embryos of wild carrot precedes cotyledon differentiation.	endogenous electrical currents traverse embryos of a higher plant, the wild carrot daucus carota l. current enters the apical pole and leaves the region near the presumptive radicle in the radially symmetric globular embryo. current also enters the exposed surfaces of incipient globular embryos. this electrical polarity precedes differentiation of vascular tissue and cotyledon development. localized current is observed at both growing ends of the embryos in subsequent stages of embryogenesis. in ...	1984	16593519
transfer of resistance traits from carrot into tobacco by asymmetric somatic hybridization: regeneration of fertile plants.	transfer of methotrexate and 5-methyltryptophan resistance from carrot (daucus carota) to tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) was achieved by fusion between leaf mesophyll protoplasts of tobacco and irradiated cell culture protoplasts of carrot. some of the regenerated somatic hybrids exhibited normal tobacco morphology with coexpression and independent segregation of the transferred resistance markers. chromosomal instability resulted in aneuploid somatic hybrids with significantly lower chromosome num ...	1987	16593902
use of bacterial quorum-sensing components to regulate gene expression in plants.	we describe an efficient inducible system to regulate gene expression in plants based on quorum-sensing components found in gram-negative bacteria such as agrobacterium tumefaciens. these bacteria monitor their own population density by utilizing members of the n-acyl homoserine lactone family as inducers and a transcriptional activator as its receptor. in our study, we utilize the components from a. tumefaciens (i.e. 3-oxooctanyl-l-homoserine lactone [oohl]) synthesized by the trai protein and ...	2006	16607032
the effects of excess boron with niacin on daucus carota l. (carrot) root callus.	niacin (nicotinic acid, b3 vitamin) may be involved in reduction of toxic effects of boron by regulating growth metabolism. this study was designed to examine whether external niacin treatment would improve the boron mobility in carrot callus cells or not. the results showed that excess boron caused tracheary inversions in meristematic root tissue, and also a shortage was seen in tracheary lengths with boric acid treatment. boron excess induced the plant tolerance to water stress inverting the t ...	2006	16646529
cultivation of garden vegetables in peoria pool sediments from the illinois river: a case study in trace element accumulation and dietary exposures.	this case study was conducted to evaluate the use of reclaimed lake sediment as a growth media for vegetable production and to estimate whether accumulation of micronutrients and heavy metals in the vegetables would impact human nutrition or health, respectively. five plant species, bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), broccoli (brassica oleracea l.), carrot (daucus carota l.), pepper (capsicum annum l.), and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum l.), were grown in pots containing either reclaimed sediment f ...	2006	16650471
identification and expression of a cdna clone encoding aspartate aminotransferase in carrot.	a full-length cdna clone encoding aspartate aminotransferase (aat) has been identified from a carrot root cdna library. degenerate oligo primers were synthesized from the known amino acid sequence of aat form i from carrot (daucus carota l. cv danvers). these primers were utilized in a polymerase chain reaction to amplify a portion of a carrot aat gene from first strand cdna synthesized from poly(a)(+) rna isolated from 5-d-old cell suspension cultures. the resulting 750-bp fragment was cloned, ...	1992	16652971
synthesis and accumulation of calmodulin in suspension cultures of carrot (daucus carota l.) : evidence for posttranslational control of calmodulin expression.	the expression of calmodulin mrna and protein were measured during a growth cycle of carrot (daucus carota l.) cells grown in suspension culture. a full-length carrot calmodulin cdna clone isolated from a lambdagt10 library was used to measure steady-state calmodulin mrna levels. during the exponential phase of culture growth when mitotic activity and oxidative respiration rates were maximal, calmodulin mrna levels were 4- to 5-fold higher than they were during the later stages of culture growth ...	1992	16653062
dynamics of nitrogenous assimilate partitioning between cytoplasmic and vacuolar fractions in carrot cell suspension cultures.	bulk vacuole isolation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,, and high-performance liquid chromatography have been used to investigate the accumulation and partitioning of assimilated nitrogen supplied as (15)nh(4)cl between vacuolar and extravacuolar (cytoplasmic) fractions of protoplasts from suspension cultures of carrot (daucus carota l. cv chantenay). glutamine was the most abundant amino acid in the vacuole of protoplasts from late-exponential phase cells, whereas alanine, glutamate, and ...	1992	16653201
association of phosphatidylinositol kinase, phosphatidylinositol monophosphate kinase, and diacylglycerol kinase with the cytoskeleton and f-actin fractions of carrot (daucus carota l.) cells grown in suspension culture : response to cell wall-degrading enzymes.	phosphatidylinositol kinase (pi), phosphatidylinositol monophosphate (pip) kinase, and diacylglycerol (dag) kinase activities were detected in the cytoskeletal fraction isolated from microsomes and plasma membranes of carrot (daucus carota l.) cells grown in suspension culture. the lipid kinase activities were associated with the actin filament fraction (f-actin fraction) isolated from the cytoskeleton. the pi and pip kinase activity in the f-actin fraction significantly increased after cells we ...	1992	16653250
the sugars of the roots of daucus carota.		1947	16654114
high phytochrome levels in cultured tissue of the wild carrot, daucus carota.		1967	16656507
distribution of an indoleacetic acid-oxidase-inhibitor in the storage root of daucus carota.	indoleacetic acid (iaa)-oxidase from both secondary phloem and xylem was dependent on 2,4-dichlorophenol for activity, and was enhanced by addition of mn(2+). the ph optimum was 6.0 from both tissues. iaa-oxidase and its inhibitors were distributed differently in the secondary phloem and secondary xylem of carrot root. in the phloem a high iaa-oxidase activity was distributed uniformly along the radius but in the xylem a somewhat lower concentration decreased from the cambium. iaa-oxidase inhibi ...	1967	16656541
transport of 3-o-methylglucose into and out of storage cells of daucus carota.	the movement of labeled 3-o-methylglucose (meg) into and out of thin carrot discs has been followed in order to gain information on sugar entry and exit mechanisms. little or no metabolism of this derivative appears to occur in the tissue, since no products were detected either by chromatography or by analysis of respiratory co(2).the curve relating entry to external concentration deviated somewhat from a rectangular hyperbola but suggested a carrier mechanism. glucose and meg each competitively ...	1968	16656877
synthesis and secretion of hydroxyproline containing macromolecules in carrots. i. kinetic analysis.	when disks of carrot (daucus carota) phloem parenchyma are incubated for 6 days there is a 10-fold increase in cell wall hydroxyproline due to the synthesis and secretion of hydroxyproline-containing macromolecules. the synthesis of these molecules and their secretion are demonstrated by measuring the kinetics of incorporation and of chase of (14)c-proline and hydroxyproline in different fractions of the cytoplasm and the cell wall. the hydroxyproline-containing molecules which are secreted are ...	1969	16657187
phytochrome in cultured wild carrot tissue: ii. dark transformations.	disappearance and transformation of phytochrome in light-treated, dark-grown cultured tissue of wild carrot (daucus carota l.) have been analyzed. evidence is presented for the existence of two populations of far red-absorbing phytochromes: one which is subject to reversion, and a second which undergoes loss of photoreversibility. phytochrome levels and transformation characteristics have been compared for several strains and developmental stages of cultured wild carrot tissue.	1970	16657464
translocation of nickel in xylem exudate of plants.	topped plants of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), cucumber (cucumis sativus), corn (zea mays), carrot (daucus carota), and peanut (arachis hypogaea) were treated with 0.5 to 50 micromolar ni (containing (63)ni) in nutrient solutions. xylem exudate was collected for 10 hours or, in the case of corn, for 20 hours at 5-hour intervals. electrophoresis of nutrient solution distributed all ni cathodically as inorganic ni(2+). low concentrations of ni in tomato exudate migrated anodically, presumably ...	1971	16657780
correlation between the suppression of glucose and phosphate uptake and the release of protein from viable carrot root cells treated with monovalent cations.	treating carrot (daucus carota l.) discs with ice-cold nacl solutions for 30 minutes caused three effects that appear to be functionally related: the exchange of tissue ca(2+) and mg(2+) for na(+), the release of protein, and the suppression of active uptake of glucose and orthophosphate. cyclosis continued apparently unabated after treatment with nacl at concentrations of up to 0.25 m, so the cells remained viable and energetically competent. the correlation between the release of ca(2+) and mg ...	1971	16657783
induced changes in permeability of plant cell membranes to water.	the half-time for tho equilibration was three times longer for a living carrot (daucus carota l.) cylinder than for a dead one. furthermore, the energy of activation of tho flux was more than twice as high for the living cylinder. passage through living membranes thus constitutes a rate-limiting step for tho flux in carrot tissue.co(2) increased the half-time (t((1/2))) for tho equilibration. treatment with abscisic acid or with tertiary butanol decreased t((1/2)). in neither case was the select ...	1972	16658009
isolation and properties of deoxyribonucleic acid from protoplasts of cell suspension cultures of ammi visnaga and carrot (daucus carota).	a procedure is described for the isolation of native dna from protoplasts of ammi (ammi visnaga) and carrot (daucus carota) cells. protoplasts were produced from 40 grams of fresh cells by enzyme hydrolysis and lysed with sodium dodecyl sulfate. the dna was purified by treatment with pronase and ribonuclease. final isolation was achieved by sucrose density gradient centrifugation.the melting temperature of ammi and carrot dna in 0.15 m nacl and 15 mm trisodium citrate buffer, ph 7.0, was 84.0 c ...	1972	16658166
further studies on the photosynthesis of carrot tissue cultures.	the influence of kinetin and sucrose on the photosynthetic activity of carrot (daucus carota) tissue cultures in relation to growth was investigated. the results showed that light contributes heavily to the growth of tissue cultures measured in terms of fresh and dry weight and cell division activity. in light, the fresh weight, dry weight, and number of cells per explant were about or more than doubled. this indicated that after the development of chloroplasts, carrot tissue cultures can grow a ...	1973	16658393
ethylene-induced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in carrot roots.	ethylene enhanced the activity of phenylalanine ammonialyase in carrot (daucus carota l., var. "nauty") root tissue. slight increase in enzyme activity was exhibited by root discs incubated in ethylene-free air. it was probably due to the ethylene formed within the sliced tissue. addition of ethylene to the air stream increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and the total protein content of the discs until maximum activity was reached after 36 to 48 hours of incubation. the continuous pres ...	1973	16658459
fluxes of a nonelectrolyte and compartmentation in cells of carrot root tissue.	permeation of thiourea into cells of carrot (daucus carota l.) storage root discs was found to be governed by its concentration gradient only. the analysis of the course of thiourea efflux from preloaded discs shows two distinct exponential curves, apart from an initial very fast component. reasons are given for relating the first exponential part of the curve to efflux from the cytoplasm and the second exponential part to efflux from the vacuole.the rate constant for thiourea efflux through the ...	1974	16658696
cell wall and protoplast isoperoxidases in relation to injury, indoleacetic acid, and ethylene effects.	in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) pith, sweet potato (ipomoea batatas), and carrot (daucus carota) storage roots, differences were found between cell wall and protoplast peroxidases in their isoenzyme patterns, activity, and reaction to tissue injury.in the pith of elongating tobacco internodes, 90% of total activity was associated with the walls, 80% of which was due to the ionically and covalently bound fractions. with senescence, the increase in activity occurred mainly in the protoplast and the ...	1974	16658744
involvement of the golgi apparatus in the synthesis and secretion of hydroxyproline-rich cell wall glycoproteins.	pulse labeling of carrot root phloem parenchyma (daucus carota l. cv. nantes) tissue with (14)c-proline followed by fractionation of the cytoplasmic organelles on sucrose gradients was used to determine the identity of the membranous organelles involved in the secretion of the hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins of the cell wall. identification of the organelles was done through electron-microscopical observations and through the localization of marker enzymes on the sucrose gradients. enrichment ...	1975	16659117
determination of structure and composition of suberin from the roots of carrot, parsnip, rutabaga, turnip, red beet, and sweet potato by combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.	suberin from the roots of carrots (daucus carota), parsnip (pastinaca sativa), rutabaga (brassica napobrassica), turnip (brassica rapa), red beet (beta vulgaris), and sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) was isolated by a combination of chemical and enzymatic techniques. finely powdered suberin was depolymerized with 14% bf(3) in methanol, and soluble monomers (20-50% of suberin) were fractionated into phenolic (<10%) and aliphatic (13-35%) fractions. the aliphatic fractions consisted mainly of omega- ...	1975	16659124
characterization of carrot and tobacco cell cultures resistant to p-fluorophenylalanine.	this study describes the isolation and characterization of p-fluorophenylalanine-resistant diploid tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) and diploid carrot (daucus carota l.) cultured cell lines. the p-fluorophenylalanine-resistant tobacco and carrot lines can grow in medium containing p-fluorophenylalanine concentrations 10 to more than 100 times those which inhibit the growth of susceptible cells, respectively. the resistance trait was retained when the cells were grown in a medium lacking the phenyl ...	1975	16659278
nitrogen metabolism in plant cell suspension cultures: i. effect of amino acids on growth.	certain amino acids inhibit growth of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. var. xanthi), tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) carrot (daucus carota), and soybean (glycerine max l. co. mandarin) cell cultures when nitrate or urea are the nitrogen sources but not when ammonia is the nitrogen source. these amino acids also inhibit development of nitrate reductase activity (nadh:nitrate oxidoreductase ec 1.6.6.1) in tobacco and tomato cultures. threonine, the most inhibitory amino acid, also inhibits nitrate u ...	1975	16659349
a method for eliminating the contribution of agrobacterium tumefaciens to studies of nucleic acid biosynthesis in crown gall tumors.	a procedure is described that permits the use of radiotracer methods for examining crown gall tumors in the presence of the initiating agent agrobacterium tumefaciens. on the basis of sensitivity testing using the disc diffusion technique and the minimum inhibitory concentration procedure and incorporation of radioactive phosphorus into nucleic acids, it was determined that a. tumefaciens was most sensitive to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and methacycline. it was further demonstrated that nucl ...	1976	16659494
trypsin-induced atpase activity in potato mitochondria.	potato mitochondria (solanum tuberosum var. russet burbank), which readily phosphorylate adp in oxidative phosphorylation, show low levels of atpase activity which is stimulated neither by mg(2+), 2,4-dinitrophenol, incubation with respiratory substrates, nor disruption by sonication or treatment with triton x-100, individually or in concert. treatment of disrupted potato mitochondria with trypsin stimulates mg(2+)-dependent, oligomycin-sensitive atpase activity 10- to 15-fold, suggesting the pr ...	1976	16659532
variation in germination and amino acid leakage of seeds with temperature related to membrane phase change.	leakages of amino acids and/or fluorescent material as functions of temperature between 15 and 40 c are reported for imbibed seeds of avena fatua l., lactuca sativa l., barbarea vulgaris r. br., amaranthus albus l., abutilon theophrasti medic., lychnis alba mill., daucus carota l., setaria faberi herrm., setaria viridis (l.) beauv., and datura stramonium l. the leakage indicates prominent increase in permeability of the plasmalemma in the 30 to 35 c range for 8 of the 10 kinds of seeds studied. ...	1976	16659623
influence of carbohydrates on quantitative aspects of growth and embryo formation in wild carrot suspension cultures.	wild carrot (daucus carota l.) cell suspensions were grown on a mineral salt medium supplemented with 10 mmmyoinositol in the presence and absence of 2.25 mum 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), and a variety of carbon sources.the data obtained on growth and embryo number in the absence of 2,4-d show that wild carrot suspensions were able to utilize sucrose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, maltose, raffinose, or stachyose as a carbon source. a highly significant correlation between dr ...	1977	16659793
correlation between phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and phenolic biosynthesis in p-fluorophenylalanine-sensitive and -resistant tobacco and carrot tissue cultures.	phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) activity was measured in p-fluorophenylalanine (pfp)-sensitive and -resistant tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) and carrot (daucus carota l.) cell lines which are known to oversynthesize phenylalanine. a correlation between phenolic levels and pal activities was detected. the phenylalanine analog-resistant and -sensitive carrot cells showed no differences in the accumulation of phenolic compounds and pal activities. the pfp-resistant tobacco cells, however, had 10 ...	1977	16659891
effects of ophiobolin a on ion leakage and hexose uptake by maize roots.	ophiobolin a, a sesterterpene metabolite of helminthosporium maydis, nisikado and miyake, stimulates net leakage of electrolytes and glucose from maize (zea mays l.) seedling roots. treatment of the roots with ophiobolin a at a concentration of 10 mug/ml (25 mum) inhibits uptake of 10 mm 2-deoxyglucose by 50% and of 0.5 mm 2-deoxyglucose by 85%. compartmental analysis of the efflux of 3-o-methylglucose failed to show a similar effect of ophiobolin a on the rate of efflux of hexose. the inhibitio ...	1977	16659965
effect of glyphosate on carrot and tobacco cells.	the growth of suspension-cultured carrot (daucus carota l.) and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. xanthi) cells was inhibited by glyphosate (n-[phosphonomethyl]glycine). this inhibition was reversed by adding combinations of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan or casein hydrolysate. casein hydrolysate and phenylalanine + tyrosine + tryptophan were the most effective treatments. reversal of glyphosate-induced inhibition occurred only if the aromatic amino acids were added during the first 8 d ...	1977	16660038
effects of ethephon, ethylene, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on asexual embryogenesis in vitro.	asexual embryogenesis in daucus carota l. ;queen anne's lace' callus was suppressed by ethephon, ethylene, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d). the ethephon effect could be attributed to volatile and nonvolatile substances. the volatile component was probably entirely ethylene. ethylene was liberated in the cultures in direct proportion to ethephon added to the medium. autoclaving of ethephon caused a substantial decrease of measurable ethylene. continuous exposure of callus to 5 mul/l et ...	1977	16660109
change in the proportion of two aspartokinases in carrot root tissue in response to in vitro culture.	two isofunctional aspartokinases (ec 2.7.2.4) exist in fresh root tissue of carrot (daucus carota, cv. oogata sanzun). the threoninesensitive portion constitutes about 70% of the activity; the lysinesensitive, less than 20%. culture of slices of carrot tissue for 3 days reversed the ratio as the lysine-sensitive activity preferentially increased. inhibition by threonine and lysine was additive in both enzyme preparations from fresh and cultured tissues. the activities were resolved into two dist ...	1978	16660222
inhibition of deoxyribonuclease activity in the medium surrounding plant protoplasts.	after 1 hour, exogenous deoxyribonucleic acid was degraded within a culture medium at 25 c (ph 6) containing protoplasts of daucus carota l. var. sativa. low temperature incubation (1 c) or the addition of 45 millimolar sodium citrate to the medium eliminated dnase activity for at least 4.5 hours. this dnase activity was not reduced at ph 7 or 9, nor by addition of 200 millimolar adenosine 5'-triphosphate.techniques were developed to ensure high protoplast plating efficiencies and high regenerat ...	1978	16660499
bacitracin inhibits the synthesis of lipid-linked saccharides and glycoproteins in plants.	the particulate enzyme fraction from mung bean (phaseolus aureus) seedlings catalyzes the incorporation of mannose from gdp-[(14)c]mannose into mannosyl-phosphoryl-dolichol and of n-acetylglucosamine from udp-[(3)h]n-acetylglucosamine into n-acetylglucosamine-pyrophosphoryl-polyisoprenol. bacitracin inhibits the transfer of both of these sugars into the lipid-linked saccharides with 50% inhibition being observed at 5 mm bacitracin. this antibiotic did not inhibit the transfer of glucose from udp ...	1978	16660520
polyamine metabolism in embryogenic cells of daucus carota: i. changes in intracellular content and rates of synthesis.	changes in the metabolism of polyamines, which seem to be involved in transcription and translation in animal systems, have been studied in cultured cells of daucus carota (carrot) undergoing embryogenesis. putrescine levels were elevated by as much as 2-fold over the control within 24 hours after transfer of the cells to embryogenic medium. spermidine levels were elevated also but spermine levels appeared to be lower in embryogenic cells. embryogenic cells incorporated [(14)c]arginine into putr ...	1978	16660531
regulatory isoenzymes of aspartate kinase and the control of lysine and threonine biosynthesis in carrot cell suspension culture.	aspartate kinase (ec 2.7.2.4) from carrot (daucus carota l.) cell suspension culture has been partially resolved into lysine-sensitive and threonine-sensitive components by gel filtration chromatography. the yield of lysine-sensitive aspartate kinase changed independently of the yield of the threonine-sensitive activity during the 4-week growth cycle of the culture, and this provides additional evidence for the existence of two independently regulated isoenzymes. exogenously supplied lysine and ...	1978	16660554
polyamine metabolism in embryogenic cells of daucus carota: ii. changes in arginine decarboxylase activity.	embryogenic cultured cells of daucus carota have been shown to synthesize putrescine from exogenously supplied [(14)c]arginine at twice the rate of control nonembryogenic cells. in the present paper, the activity of arginine decarboxylase (arginine carboxy-lyase, ec 4.1.1.19), an important enzyme in the synthesis of putrescine, was assayed and also found to be elevated by as much as 2-fold in embryogenic cells. this difference between embryogenic and nonembryogenic cells was observed as early as ...	1979	16660725
freeze preservation of somatic embryos and clonal plantlets of carrot (daucus carota l).	cell suspensions of carrot (daucus carota l.) can be cryopreserved by slow freezing (about 2 c per minute) in medium containing dimethylsulfoxide as a cryoprotectant. after storage in liquid nitrogen and thawing they demonstrate a high viability and are able to resume growth. such a method entirely fails to preserve clonal plantlets; somatic embryos cease organized development at the time of freezing and recover growth only by secondary embryogenesis. modification of the procedure, involving the ...	1979	16660748
derepression and repression of lysine-sensitive aspartokinase during in vitro culture of carrot root tissue.	the increment of lysine-sensitive aspartokinase (ec 2.7.2.4) activity during in vitro culture of carrot (daucus carota, cv. oogata sanzun) root tissue was explained in terms of derepression caused by an earlier decrease in the endogenous level of lysine, a possible end product repressor. tissue content of free lysine decreased to about one-third of the initial level after 1 day of culture and no lysine was detected in the 2nd day. inclusion of lysine (0.1 to 1.0 millimolar) in the culture medium ...	1979	16660771
amino acid levels in carrot cell suspension culture: no correlation with aspartate kinase isoenzyme levels.	free and protein amino acids were analyzed during the growth cycle of a suspension culture of carrot (daucus carota l.) in which there is a 10-fold increase in a lysine-sensitive isoenzyme of aspartate kinase during the early part of the growth cycle. there is little change in either total amino acids or in the amino acids derived from aspartate between 3 and 24 days of culture. it is estimated that the demand for net synthesis of aspartate-derived amino acids is decreased as the growth rate dec ...	1979	16660772
temperature interactions with growth regulators and endogenous gibberellin-like activity during seedstalk elongation in carrots.	stecklings (roots) of three cultivars of carrots (daucus carota l.) were vernalized 10 weeks at 5 c and subsequently grown at each of three greenhouse night/day temperature regimes: high (27/32 c), medium (21/27 c), and low (15/21 c). floral differentiation occurred first in the easy bolting cv. scarlet nantes, intermediate in cv. danvers 126, and last in cv. royal chantenay. stem elongation arising from the subapical meristematic region always preceded floral differentiation. extractable gibber ...	1979	16660856
synchronization of somatic embryogenesis in a carrot cell suspension culture.	synchronization of somatic embryogenesis was achieved in a carrot (daucus carota l. cv. "kurodagosun") suspension culture by sieving the initial heterogeneous cell population, by density gradient centrifugation in ficoll solutions, and by subsequent repeated centrifugations at a low speed (50g) for a short time (5 seconds), followed by transferring the cell clusters obtained, which were composed of 3 to 10 cells, to a medium containing zeatin (0.1 micromolar) but no auxin. the frequency of embry ...	1979	16660907
parameters influencing the liposome-mediated insertion of fluorescein diacetate into plant protoplasts.	maximum uptake of liposome-encapsulated fluorescein diacetate by daucus carota protoplasts was observed when 6 x 10(6) protoplasts per milliliter were incubated with 2.4 x 10(7) liposomes per milliliter for 1 hour. in the case of nicotiana glutinosa protoplasts, optimum ratio of protoplasts to liposomes was 1:10, where 2.3 x 10(5) protoplasts per milliliter were provided. neutral and positive liposomes were found to be efficient vehicles to transfer their contents into plant protoplasts. when pr ...	1981	16661727
characterization of carrot cell wall protein : i. effect of alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl on cell wall protein synthesis and secretion in incubated carrot discs.	a single glycoprotein accounts for the majority of radioactivity secreted to the cell wall when incubated carrot (daucus carota) discs are labeled with radioactive proline or arabinose. the ferrous chelator alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl prevents the synthesis of this protein. a new proline-labeled protein is made in the presence of alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl and is secreted to the cell wall. the protein has little, if any, carbohydrate attached to it and has a molecular weight of 55,000 daltons. this prote ...	1981	16662033
characterization of carrot cell wall protein : ii. immunological study of cell wall protein.	antiserum was raised against a synthetic nona-peptide which was predicted to have considerable homology with the unhydroxylated, unglycosylated precursor of cell wall proteins from several plants. the antiserum is able to recognize the major cell wall protein of incubated carrot (daucus carota) root discs which is produced when the discs are treated with a proline hydroxylase inhibitor and then labeled with radioactive proline. this technique has potential applications in studying cell wall bios ...	1981	16662034
transfer of liposome-sequestering plasmid dna into daucus carota protoplasts.	reverse-phase evaporation lipid vesicles (rev) liposomes, consisting of phosphatidyl choline and stearylamine in 1:3 molar ratio, encapsulated approximately 30% of exogenously supplied recombinant dna vector, pbr322. the dna sequestered in rev liposomes was highly tolerant to dnase.a two-step procedure was developed, which involves encapsulation of dna with liposomes using one-tenth phosphate-buffered saline-0.5 molar mannitol, followed by incubation of liposome-dna with protoplasts in phosphate ...	1981	16662045
reversal of glyphosate inhibition of carrot cell culture growth by glycolytic intermediates and organic and amino acids.	various cytokinins and purines were ineffective in reversing glyphosate (0.25 millimolar)-induced growth inhibition of carrot (daucus carota l.) cell suspension cultures. aspartate was particularly effective in reversing glyphosate inhibition, but asparagine and various combinations of lysine, methionine, threonine, and homoserine (eventual products of aspartate metabolism) were not effective. when organic acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were added to the medium, particularly good reversal ...	1981	16662096
homology of plant peroxidases: an immunochemical approach.	antisera specific for the basic peroxidase from horseradish (amoracea rusticana) were used to examine homology among horseradish peroxidase isoenzymes and among basic peroxidases from root plants. the antisera cross-reacted with all tested isoperoxidases when measured by both agar diffusion and quantitative precipitin reactions. precipitin analyses provided quantitative measurements of homology among these plant peroxidases. the basic radish (raphanus sativus l. cv. cherry belle) peroxidase had ...	1982	16662176
studies on the pectic substances of plant cell walls: iii. degradation of carrot root cell walls by endopectate lyase purified from erwinia aroideae.	pectate lyase was isolated from the cell extract of erwinia aroideae. the enzyme was further purified to a high degree by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on cm-sephadex c-50 and on sephadex g-200. the enzyme attacked its substrate in an endo fashion and was more active on the sodium salt of acid-insoluble polygalacturonate or pectic acid than it was on the methoxylated pectin. the enzyme had an optimum ph at 9.3, was stimulated by calcium ions, and was com ...	1982	16662310
potentiating effect of pure oxygen on the enhancement of respiration by ethylene in plant storage organs: a comparative study.	a number of fruits and bulky storage organs were studied with respect to the effect of pure o(2) on the extent and time-course of the respiratory rise induced by ethylene. in one group, of which potato (solanum tuberosum var. russet) and carrot (daucus carota) are examples, the response to ethylene in o(2) is much greater than in air. in a second group, of which avocado (persea americana mill. var. hass) and banana (musa cavendishii lambert var. valery) are examples, air and o(2) are equally eff ...	1982	16662339
cryostorage of cloned amino acid analog-resistant carrot and tobacco suspension cultures.	five clones were isolated from five different amino acid analog-resistant daucus carota l. var. sativa and nicotiana tabacum l. cv. xanthi cell lines. the individual clones were similar in their resistance to dl-5-methyltryptophan, s-(2-aminoethyl)-l-cysteine, or azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, and in their corresponding free amino acid levels.the cell suspensions were stored using a controlled freezing rate at -196 degrees c with concentrations up to 40% of the four cryoprotectants: mannitol, prol ...	1982	16662465