Publications

a trna gene mapping within the chloroplast rdna cluster is differentially expressed during the development of daucus carota.	in vivo analysis of expression of the chloroplast rdna cluster during somatic embryogenesis of daucus carota (d.carota) was performed by northern-blot analysis with different dna probes, spanning both the 16s rrna gene, the 16s-23s rrna spacer, which contains the two mosaic trna genes trna(ile) and trna(ala), and the region upstream of the 16s rrna gene, where a trna(val) maps. we show that expression both of the spacer trnas trna(ile) and trna(ala) is not significantly regulated during developm ...	1994	8202376
characterization of the non-specific lipid transfer protein ep2 from carrot (daucus carota l.).	the extracellular protein ep2 was previously identified as non-specific lipid transfer protein based on its cdna-derived amino acid sequence. here, the purification of the ep2 protein from the medium of somatic embryo cultures is described. after two cycles of ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography, a single silver-stained protein band with an apparent molecular mass of 10 kda was observed on sds-page. this protein band was recognized by the antiserum raised against a ep2-beta-galactosid ...	2006	8232259
expression of dcprp1 is linked to carrot storage root formation and is induced by wounding and auxin treatment.	a carrot (daucus carota, l.) genomic clone (dcprp1) was isolated on the basis of its homology to previously described cdnas encoding a wound-inducible, proline-rich cell wall protein. dna sequence analysis showed that dcprp1 contains a single open-reading frame encoding a 235-amino acid protein that is colinear with that predicted from the cdna sequence with the exception of four amino acids at the n terminus and a 60-nucleotide insertion present within the genomic clone. genomic southern hybrid ...	1993	8278498
isolation and characterization of a cdna clone for plant nuclear antigen 21d7 associated with cell division.	a cdna clone was isolated from a carrot (daucus carota l.) cdna expression library using monoclonal antibody 21d7, which recognizes a nuclear antigen associated with cell division in plant cells. to show that the isolated cdna encodes the 21d7 antigen, a polyclonal antiserum was raised against a recombinant fusion protein specified by the cdna. both the polyclonal antiserum and the monoclonal antibody 21d7 recognized the same plant protein on immunoblots, in immunoprecipitation experiments, and ...	1993	8310059
molecular cloning and analysis of a cdna coding for the bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase of daucus carota.	molecular cloning of dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (dhfr-ts) of daucus carota was achieved by immunoscreening of a cdna library obtaining a 2 kbp clone which contains an open reading frame of 1528 bp. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with those from other sources revealed the presence of motifs typical of dhfr and ts thus confirming the bifunctional nature of the carrot protein. as in other organisms, a higher degree of conservation was observed in the ts domain. anal ...	1993	8329682
stimulation of calcium influx and calcium cascade by cyclic amp in cultured carrot cells.	treatment of cultured carrot (daucus carota l.) cells with activators of adenylate cyclase, forskolin, and cholera toxin induced the biosynthesis of an antifungal isocoumarin, 6-methoxymellein, in the cells. addition of dibutyryl cyclic amp to carrot cell culture also stimulated the accumulation of the compound. the cyclic amp-evoked 6-methoxymellein production was significantly depressed in the presence of certain inhibitors of calcium cascade such as ca2+ channel blockers and inhibitors of cal ...	1993	8385897
purification and characterization of 3-methylcrotonyl-coa carboxylase from somatic embryos of daucus carota.	3-methylcrotonyl-coa carboxylase, a biotin enzyme, was purified from embryos of daucus carota. polyethylene glycol precipitation and monomeric avidin affinity chromatography were used to purify all biotin enzymes from cell-free extracts of embryos. the resulting 3-methylcrotonyl-coa carboxylase preparation had a specific activity of 745 nmol/min.mg protein, representing a 3725-fold purification of the enzyme and a 135% recovery of activity. fractionation of the purified biotin-containing protein ...	1993	8393642
[granulated carrots (daucus carota) in dog nutrition].	in feeding and balance trials with dogs (4) dried, ground carrots were tested in addition (30%) to a basic dry food (rice, corn gluten, fish meal and supplements). the palatability of both mixtures was good: fecal water losses were increased after feeding the carrots. apparent digestibilities of organic and inorganic matter, especially sodium and potassium (not phosphorus), decreased. digestibility of carrots was calculated to reach 70% with 1.2 mj of digestible energy per 100 g dry matter. redu ...	1993	8430292
peptide splicing in the vacuolar atpase subunit a from candida tropicalis.	subunit a of the vacuolar proton pump appears to be responsible for the atp hydrolysis which is coupled to the pumping of protons into a variety of intracellular acid compartments, including the fungal vacuole. we report here the cloning and sequence determination of the gene encoding subunit a from candida tropicalis. southern blot hybridization analysis indicates that there is a single gene which encodes this protein. the gene contains a single intron at the extreme 5'-end of the coding region ...	1993	8463270
cdna cloning of ecp40, an embryogenic-cell protein in carrot, and its expression during somatic and zygotic embryogenesis.	a cdna of 1.2 kb was isolated from a cdna library of embryogenic cells of carrot (daucus carota l.) by use of nucleotide sequences that encode two internal amino-acid sequences of ecp40 (an embryogenic-cell protein with a relative molecular mass of 40,000). a genomic southern blot using the cdna as probe suggested that there are at least two genes for ecp40 in the carrot genome. the cdna encoded an open reading frame of 306 amino acids, and the deduced amino-acid sequence was found to share two ...	1993	8490126
isolation and characterization of a new chromosomal virulence gene of agrobacterium tumefaciens.	a mutant (strain b119) of agrobacterium tumefaciens with a chromosomal mutation was isolated by transposon (tn5) mutagenesis. the mutant exhibited growth rates on l agar and minimal medium (ab) plates similar to those of the parent strain (strain a208 harboring a nopaline-type ti plasmid). the mutant was avirulent on all host plants tested: daucus carota, cucumis sativus, and kalanchoe diagremontiana. the mutant was not impaired in attachment ability to carrot cells. the mutant had one insertion ...	1993	8491736
identification and expression of a cdna from daucus carota encoding a bifunctional aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase.	aspartokinase (ec 2.7.2.4) and homoserine dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.3) catalyze steps in the pathway for the synthesis of lysine, threonine, and methionine from aspartate. homoserine dehydrogenase was purified from carrot (daucus carota l.) cell cultures and portions of it were subjected to amino acid sequencing. oligonucleotides deduced from the amino acid sequences were used as primers in a polymerase chain reaction to amplify a dna fragment using dna derived from carrot cell culture mrna as tem ...	1993	8507831
callose synthesis in spirostanol treated carrot cells is not triggered by cytosolic calcium, cytosolic ph or membrane potential changes.	carrot (daucus carota l.) cell suspensions were treated with a spirostanol saponin from yucca. this saponin is an elicitor of callose synthesis. irrespectively of the mode of action of spirostanol on the callose synthase activity itself, the spirostanol-induced callose synthesis in carrot is not preceded by changes in membrane potential, cytosolic free calcium or cytosolic ph. the inability of modulators of cytosolic free calcium content (verapamil, nifedipine and br-a23187), egta and a proton p ...	1995	8564297
structural and functional characterization of the intergenic spacer region of the rdna in daucus carota.	the intergenic spacer (igs) region of rdna in daucus carota contains at least eight kinds of repeated sequence. one sequence may act as a genuine initiation site for a stable transcript and another may act as a spacer promoter that may be an entry site for proteins required for transcription.	1996	8665099
expression of dc8 is associated with, but not dependent on embryogenesis.	dc8 is a late embryogenesis-abundant (lea) protein gene isolated from carrot (daucus carota). deletion analysis of the dc8 promoter was performed to determine the sequences required for aba and seed-specific regulation of dc8 transcription. to investigate the mechanism of dc8 expression during seed development, chimeric gene constructs containing dc8 promoter fragments fused to a promoterless beta-glucuronidase gene (dc8:gus) were introduced into carrot, tobacco (nicotiana tobacum) and arabidops ...	1996	8704145
purification and characterization of glycosyltransferases involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in cell-suspension cultures of daucus carota l.	the major anthocyanins accumulated by an afghan cultivar of daucus carota l. are cyanidin 3-(xylosylglucosylgalactosides) acylated with sinapic or ferulic acid. the formation of the branched triglycoside present as a common structural element requires an ordered sequence of glycosylation events. two of these enzymic glycosylation reactions have been detected in protein preparations from carrot cell-suspension cultures. the first step is a galactosyl transfer catalyzed by udp-galactose: cyanidin ...	1996	8717136
variations in the structure of neutral sugar chains in the pectic polysaccharides of morphologically different carrot calli and correlations with the size of cell clusters.	carrot (daucus carota l.) embryogenic callus (ec) loses its embryogenic competence and becomes non-embryogenic callus (nc) during long-term culture. with the loss of embryogenic competence, the cell clusters become smaller and the extent of intercellular attachments is reduced. pectic fractions prepared from ec and nc were separated into two subfractions by gel filtration. a difference in sugar composition between ec and nc was found only in the high-molecular-mass (ca. 1300 kda) subfraction, an ...	1996	8727449
visualization of plant cell walls by atomic force microscopy.	atomic force microscopy has been used to visualize the ultrastructure of hydrated plant cell wall material from prepared apple (malus pumila mill; cox orange pippin), water chestnut (eleocharis dulcis l.), potato (solanum tuberosum l.; bintje), and carrot (daucus carota l.; amsterdamse bak) parenchyma. samples of cell wall material in aqueous suspension were deposited onto freshly cleaved mica. excess water was blotted away and the moist samples were imaged in air at ambient temperature and humi ...	1996	8785273
purification and characterization of a wound-inducible cell wall cationic peroxidase from carrot roots.	we have isolated a novel cell wall, cationic peroxidase (pi > 9.3) from roots of the carrot plant, daucus carota. the purified isozyme, referred to as cp > 9.3, has a molecular mass of 45 kilodaltons and an reinheitzahl value of 2.3. amino-acid composition analysis and n-terminal sequencing have been performed with cp > 9.3. the n-terminal sequence shows no homology to any sequence in the protein and nucleic acid data banks. cp > 9.3 activity is induced by wounding in carrot leaves and petioles; ...	1996	8806623
isolation and characterization of a diverse set of genes from carrot somatic embryos.	the early events in plant embryogenesis are critical for pattern formation, since it is during this process that the primary apical meristems and the embryo polarity axis are established. however, little is known about the molecular events that are unique to the early stages of embryogenesis. this study of gene expression during plant embryogenesis is focused on identifying molecular markers from carrot (daucus carota) somatic embryos and characterizing the expression and regulation of these gen ...	1996	8938424
purification and characterization of neutral and alkaline invertase from carrot.	neutral and alkaline invertase were identified in cells of a suspension culture of carrot (daucus carota l.) and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. neutral invertase is an octamer with a molecular mass of 456 kd and subunits of 57 kd, whereas alkaline invertase is a tetramer with a molecular mass of 504 kd and subunits of 126 kd. both enzymes had sharp ph profiles, with maximal activities at ph 6.8 for neutral invertase and ph 8.0 for alkaline invertase, and both hydrolyzed sucrose with ty ...	1996	8972597
cloning of a cdna encoding dna topoisomerase i in daucus carota and expression analysis in relation to cell proliferation.	dna topoisomerase i is an enzyme involved in several processes related to dna metabolism. despite the physiological importance, the regulation of top1 gene expression has not yet been investigated in plants. in order to monitor the possible correlation between levels of top1 transcripts and the proliferative state of the cell, two partially overlapping cdnas encoding dna topoisomerase i from daucus carota have been isolated from a poly(a)(+)-primed library, using an arabidopsis thaliana probe, a ...	1996	8996105
plant 21d7 protein, a nuclear antigen associated with cell division, is a component of the 26s proteasome.	previously, we cloned a carrot (daucus carota l.) cdna encoding a 45-kd protein, 21d7, located in the nuclei of proliferating cells. the 21d7 protein is similar to the partial sequence of a regulatory subunit of the bovine 26s proteasome, p58 (g. demartino, c.r. moomaw, o.p. zagnitko, r.j. proske, m. chu-ping, s.j. afendis, j.c. swaffield, c.a. slaughter [1994] j biol chem 269: 20878-20884) and to the deduced sequence encoded by the saccharomyces cerevisiae gene sun2 (m. kawamura, k. kominami, j ...	1997	9008397
rhamnogalacturonan ii, a dominant polysaccharide in juices produced by enzymic liquefaction of fruits and vegetables.	rhamnogalacturonan ii (rg-ii), a small complex pectic polysaccharide, is released from apple (malus domestica), carrot (daucus carota), and tomato (solanum lycopersicum) by treatment with two commercial liquefying enzyme preparations. rg-ii was isolated by size-exclusion chromatography from apple, tomato, and carrot juices obtained by enzymic liquefaction. all the rg-iis contained the diagnostic sugars, apiose, 2-o-methyl-l-fucose, 2-o-methyl-d-xylose, aceric acid, kdo and dha. glycosyl-linkage ...	1997	9060185
peripheral framework of carrot cell nucleus contains a novel protein predicted to exhibit a long alpha-helical domain.	a monoclonal antibody, cml-1, raised against carrot (daucus carota l.) nuclear-matrix proteins selectively labeled the nuclear periphery of carrot protoplasts when visualized by confocal and electron microscopy. to identify the constituent proteins of higher plant cells structurally homologous to the vertebrate nuclear lamina, we cloned overlapping cdnas partially encoding a cml-1-recognized protein and determined the entire sequence including the open reading frame. when the deduced amino acid ...	1997	9141634
an extracellular insoluble inhibitor of cysteine proteinases in cell cultures and seeds of carrot.	an 18 kda extracellular insoluble protein (eip18) was found previously in amorphous particles suspended in the culture medium and in the interspaces of cell clusters of carrot (daucus carota l.) callus, as well as in the extracellular spaces of carrot seeds, being located both in the embryo and at the inner edge of the endosperm. we purified eip18 by washing the amorphous particles with the mixture of triton x-100, nacl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta). we determined several partial am ...	1997	9177316
anti-steroidogenic activity of the petroleum ether extract and fraction 5 (fatty acids) of carrot (daucus carota l.) seeds in mouse ovary.	the petroleum ether extract and fraction 5 (fatty acids) of carrot seeds arrested the normal estrus cycle of adult mouse and reduced the weight of ovaries significantly. the cholesterol and ascorbic acid content in ovaries were significantly elevated due to the treatment with extract and fraction 5 (fatty acids) of carrot seeds. the significant inhibition of delta 5,3-beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the two key enzymes involved in ovarian steroidogenesis ...	1997	9292415
action spectrum for induction of promoter activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene by uv in carrot suspension cells.	the full-length promoter (-2335) of the carrot (daucus carota) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (gdcpal1) fused to the luciferase reporter gene was transiently transformed to carrot protoplasts by electroporation, and the promoter activity induced by monochromatic uv light of various wavelengths was examined. the action spectrum constructed from the fluence-response curves showed a single peak at around 280 nm, suggesting that the activation of the gdcpal1 promoter is categorizable as one of the ...	1997	9337617
malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in plant tissue cultures: lc-ms determination of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives.	the cytologically active secondary lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde (mda) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (hne) have been detected as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (dnp) derivatives in plant tissue cultures using lc-ms. this paper reports, for the first time, the use of lc-ms methodology to definitively identify 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in plants. limits of detection for the two derivatives are approximately 5 pmol (1.2 x 10(-9) g; 1 microm) and 0.1 pmol (3 x 10(-11) g; 20 nm) respectively. ma ...	1997	9350430
atltp1 luciferase expression during carrot somatic embryogenesis.	the carrot (daucus carota l.) ep2 gene encodes a lipid transfer protein (ltp) which is expressed during protoderm formation in developing embryos. to develop a vital reporter system for gene expression during somatic embryo development a 1.1 kb fragment of the arabidopsis thaliana ltp1 promoter was fused to the firefly luciferase (luc) coding sequence. the atltp1 luciferase expression pattern in transformed carrot suspension cultures was identical to the expression pattern of the endogenous carr ...	1997	9418058
metabolism of polyamines in transgenic cells of carrot expressing a mouse ornithine decarboxylase cdna.	the metabolisms of arginine (arg), ornithine (orn), and putrescine were compared in a nontransgenic and a transgenic cell line of carrot (daucus carota l.) expressing a mouse orn decarboxylase cdna. [14c]arg, [14c]orn, and [14c]putrescine were fed to cells and their rates of decarboxylation, uptake, metabolism into polyamines, and incorporation into acid-insoluble material were determined. transgenic cells showed higher decarboxylation rates for labeled orn than the nontransgenic cells. this was ...	1998	9449846
the ovary of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria contains a glycine- and proline-rich peptide that displays sequence similarities with a new class of gprp proteins from plants.	a novel, highly hydrophobic, glycine- and proline-rich peptide was characterized in the ovary of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. the peptide was detected as one of the major peaks in a chromatographic separation of an acidic methanolic extract of 50 mature ovaries. electrospray mass spectrometry yielded a molecular mass of 6305 da. the partial amino acid sequence as determined by edman degradation based automated microsequencing is as follows: ala-tyr-pro-ala-his-gln-gly-tyr- pro-ala-h ...	1998	9480819
characterization of storage proteins in daucus carota l.: two novel proteins display zygotic embryo specificity.	although maturation-related proteins are well known in the endosperm of albuminous seeds, an important question is whether the zygotic embryo possesses its own maturation proteins. we report on the isolation and partial characterization of storage proteins of carrot (daucus carota l. var nandor) dry achenes and isolated zygotic embryos, using one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis techniques, hplc and amino acid sequencing. the presence of a series of abundant polypeptides showing charge heter ...	1998	9517000
intracellular ph in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. a symbiotic physiological marker	a method was developed to perform real-time analysis of cytosolic ph of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in culture using dye and ratiometric measurements (490/450 nm excitations). the study was mainly performed using photometric analysis, although some data were confirmed using image analysis. the use of nigericin allowed an in vivo calibration. experimental parameters such as loading time and concentration of the dye were determined so that ph measurements could be made for a steady-state period o ...	1998	9536044
an apparent case of nonsymmetrical and sustained strand-specific hemimethylation in the dc8 gene of carrot.	the dc8 gene of carrot (daucus carota l.) shows differential expression during embryo development. changes in methylation patterns of a segment of about 500 bp (from base +120 to base -446) of dc8 allele 6 were investigated by treating genomic dna, extracted from embryogenic callus at different stages of development, with sodium bisulfite to modify nonmethylated cytosines. following asymmetric (strand-specific) amplification, base sequences for samples from each developmental stage were determin ...	1998	9549056
rolb expression pattern in the early stages of carrot somatic embryogenesis.	the pattern of expression of the rolb gene, derived from the t-dna of the plant pathogen agrobacterium rhizogenes, has been investigated during the early stages of somatic embryo formation in suspension cultures of carrot (daucus carota l.). the reporter gene gus (escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase), under transcriptional control of full-length rolb promoter region, has been utilized in order to evaluate both qualitative and quantitative variations in the expression pattern. fluorimetric measur ...	1997	9570894
expression pattern of the carrot ep3 endochitinase genes in suspension cultures and in developing seeds	carrot (daucus carota) extracellular protein 3 (ep3) class iv endochitinases were previously identified based on their ability to rescue somatic embryos of the temperature-sensitive cell line ts11. whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that a subset of the morphologically distinguishable cell types in embryogenic and nonembryogenic suspension cultures, including ts11, express ep3 genes. no expression was found in somatic embryos. in carrot plants ep3 genes are expressed in the inner integum ...	1998	9576773
a chromo box gene from carrot (daucus carota l.): its cdna structure and expression during somatic and zygotic embryogenesis.	a cdna clone, designated dcdb1, was isolated from a cdna library prepared from embryogenic cell clusters of carrot (daucus carota l.) and characterized. the cdna (1416 bp) encoded for a protein of 392 amino acid residues that contained a conserved chromo domain. the chromo domain is a 37 aa region found in both the polycomo gene product, which is a repressor of homeotic genes, and a heterochromatin protein 1 of drosophila. this domain is postulated to function in the binding of proteins to chrom ...	1998	9602049
phosphoglycerylethanolamine posttranslational modification of plant eukaryotic elongation factor 1alpha.	eukaryotic elongation factor 1alpha (eef-1a) is a multifunctional protein. there are three known posttranslational modifications of eef-1a that could potentially affect its function. except for phosphorylation, the other posttranslational modifications have not been demonstrated in plants. using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry and peptide mass mapping, we show that carrot (daucus carota l.) eef-1a contains a phosphoglycerylethanolamine (pge) posttranslational modifi ...	1998	9662537
two isoforms of plant rad23 complement a uv-sensitive rad23 mutant in yeast.	dna repair by nucleotide excision (ner) has been demonstrated in plant cells at the biochemical level but until now none of the molecular components of the plant ner complex has been identified. in this paper, the cloning and characterization of two isoforms of rad23 from carrot (daucus carota l.) are reported. it has been suggested that rad23 in yeast is an assembly factor of the ner complex required for transcription-coupled repair as well as efficient overall genome repair. a functional assay ...	1998	9681019
regulation of enzymes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in carrot cell cultures in response to treatment with ultraviolet light and fungal elicitors.	the accumulation of anthocyanins in cell cultures of daucus carota l. and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis were investigated under growth in the dark, continuous irradiation with uv light, incubation with elicitors from pythium aphanidermatum, and elicitor treatment of uv-irradiated cells. upon uv irradiation, anthocyanin accumulation was strongly enhanced, and the enzymes of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, including the "late" enzymes cyanidin galactosyltransferase, cyanid ...	1998	9684371
natural genetic transformation by agrobacterium rhizogenes . annual flowering in two biennials, belgian endive and carrot	genetic transformation of belgian endive (cichorium intybus) and carrot (daucus carota) by agrobacterium rhizogenes resulted in a transformed phenotype, including annual flowering. back-crossing of transformed (r1) endive plants produced a line that retained annual flowering in the absence of the other traits associated with a. rhizogenes transformation. annualism was correlated with the segregation of a truncated transferred dna (t-dna) insertion. during vegetative growth, carbohydrate reserves ...	1998	9765539
elongation factor-1alpha stabilizes microtubules in a calcium/calmodulin-dependent manner.	elongation factor-1alpha (ef-1alpha), a highly conserved protein named for its role in protein translation, is also a microtubule-associated protein (map). we used high-resolution differential interference contrast microscopy to quantify the effect of substoichiometric amounts of ef-1alpha (isolated from daucus carota) on the dynamic instability of microtubules assembled in vitro from either animal or plant tubulin. ef-1alpha modulates the dynamic behavior of microtubules assembled from either t ...	1998	9786091
determination of provitamin a of green leafy vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography and open column chromatography.	the purpose of study was to determine the provitamin a value through beta-carotene analysis of five brazilian leafy vegetables: carrot leaves (daucus carota l.), beet leaves (beta vulgaris l.) "serralha" (sonchus oleracea l.), mint (mentha piperita ll.) and celery leaves (aplum graveolens. l.). two analysis methods were used: open-column chromatography (occ) and high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). two analysis methods were used: open-column chromatography (occ) and high performance li ...	2013	9795484
characterization of source- and sink-specific sucrose/h+ symporters from carrot.	to understand how sucrose (suc) is transported from source leaves to developing tap roots of carrot (daucus carota l.), we cloned two cdnas (dcsut1 and dcsut2) for proteins with homologies to plant suc/h+ symporters. the deduced polypeptide sequences are 52% identical and have 12 predicted membrane-spanning domains each. transport activities were confirmed by expression of the clones in yeast cells. both transporters had optimal activity below ph 5.0 and michaelis constant values of 0.5 mm. suc ...	1998	9847123
somatic and zygotic embryos of daucus carota l. display different protein patterns until conversion to plants.	total protein patterns of different developmental stages of carrot zygotic and somatic embryos revealed by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis were compared using statistical dissimilarity index matrix, and some major polypeptides were partially sequenced. in spite of similar morphology, the protein patterns of somatic embryos at the torpedo stage were clearly different from those of zygotic embryos. in particular, none of the proteins specific of zygotic embryos required for maturation ...	1998	9871368
[chemical, chemosensory and human-sensory experiments on taste and flavor of carrots].	the relationship between sensory quality of carrots and their contents and composition of essential oils and total sugars as influenced by nitrogen fertilization was investigated. carrots (daucus carota l.) of the variety 'nanthya' f1 (s&g sandoz seeds) were grown in weihenstephan 1996 with three levels of inorganic nitrogen fertilization (3 levels in 4 replications). medium- and higher-boiling flavour-components were extracted as essential oils and separated gas-chromatographically (gc-fid). lo ...	1998	9881369
tissue-specific expression of two genes for sucrose synthase in carrot (daucus carota l.).	sucrose synthase, which cleaves sucrose in the presence of uridine diphosphate (udp) into udp-glucose and fructose, is thought to be a key determinant of sink strength of heterotrophic plant organs. to determine the roles of the enzyme in carrot, we characterized carrot sucrose synthase at the molecular level. two genes (susydc1 and susydc2) were isolated. the deduced amino acid sequences are 87% identical. however, the sequences upstream of the translation initiation codons are markedly diffe ...	1999	10080700
production of glomus intraradices propagules, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, in an airlift bioreactor	this work addresses the symbiotic culture of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus glomus intraradices with daucus carota hairy roots transformed by agrobacterium rhizogenes, in two submerged culture systems: petri dish and airlift bioreactor. am fungi play an active role in plant nutrition and protection against plant pathogens. these fungi are obligate biotrophs as they depend on a host plant for their needs in carbohydrates. the effect of the mycorrhizal roots inoculum-to-medium volume ratio ...	1999	10099599
a leucine-rich repeat protein of carrot that exhibits antifreeze activity.	a gene encoding an antifreeze protein (afp) was isolated from carrot (daucus carota) using sequence information derived from the purified protein. the carrot afp is highly similar to the polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (pgip) family of apoplastic plant leucine-rich repeat (lrr) proteins. expression of the afp gene is rapidly induced by low temperatures. furthermore, expression of the afp gene in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana plants leads to an accumulation of antifreeze activity. our findi ...	1999	10214940
changed properties of the cytoplasmic matrix associated with desiccation tolerance of dried carrot somatic embryos. an in situ fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study	abscisic acid-pretreated carrot (daucus carota) somatic embryos survive dehydration upon slow drying, but fast drying leads to poor survival of the embryos. to determine whether the acquisition of desiccation tolerance is associated with changes in the physical stability of the cytoplasm, in situ fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy was used. although protein denaturation temperatures were similar in the embryos after slow or fast drying, the extent of the denaturation was greater after ...	1999	10318693
isolation and characterization of a novel antifreeze protein from carrot (daucus carota).	a modified assay for inhibition of ice recrystallization which allows unequivocal identification of activity in plant extracts is described. using this assay a novel, cold-induced, 36 kda antifreeze protein has been isolated from the tap root of cold-acclimated carrot (daucus carota) plants. this protein inhibits the recrystallization of ice and exhibits thermal-hysteresis activity. the polypeptide behaves as monomer in solution and is n-glycosylated. the corresponding gene is unique in the carr ...	1999	10333479
molecular characterization of dau c 1, the bet v 1 homologous protein from carrot and its cross-reactivity with bet v 1 and api g 1.	up to 70% of patients with birch pollen allergy exhibit the so-called oral allergy syndrome, an ige-mediated food allergy. the most frequent and therefore best characterized pollen-fruit syndrome is apple allergy in patients suffering from tree pollen-induced pollinosis. the occurrence of adverse reactions to proteins present in vegetables such as celery and carrots in patients suffering from pollen allergy has also been reported. cdnas for bet v 1 homologous proteins have been cloned from celer ...	1999	10336602
carbon uptake and the metabolism and transport of lipids in an arbuscular mycorrhiza	both the plant and the fungus benefit nutritionally in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: the host plant enjoys enhanced mineral uptake and the fungus receives fixed carbon. in this exchange the uptake, metabolism, and translocation of carbon by the fungal partner are poorly understood. we therefore analyzed the fate of isotopically labeled substrates in an arbuscular mycorrhiza (in vitro cultures of ri t-dna-transformed carrot [daucus carota] roots colonized by glomus intraradices) using nuc ...	1999	10364411
isolation of additional bacteriophages with genomes of segmented double-stranded rna.	eight different bacteriophages were isolated from leaves of pisum sativum, phaseolus vulgaris, lycopersicon esculentum, daucus carota sativum, raphanus sativum, and ocimum basilicum. all contain three segments of double-stranded rna and have genomic-segment sizes that are similar but not identical to those of previously described bacteriophage phi6. all appear to have lipid-containing membranes. the base sequences of some of the viruses are very similar but not identical to those of phi6. three ...	1999	10419946
over expression of mitochondrial citrate synthase gene improves the growth of carrot cells in al-phosphate medium.	a mitochondrial citrate synthase (cs) of arabidopsis thaliana was introduced into carrot (daucus carota l. cv. ms yonsun) cells by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. transgenic cell lines had high cs activity, the highest value observed was 0.24 mumol (mg protein)-1 min-1 which was 1.9-fold of that in wild-type cells. transcript levels of dccs were similar between transgenic lines, but those of atcs were increased as the cs activity of cells was increased. isoelectric focussing r ...	1999	10427772
calcium and phospholipid activation of a recombinant calcium-dependent protein kinase (dccpk1) from carrot (daucus carota l.).	a calmodulin-like domain protein kinase (dccpk1, previously designated cdpk431) cloned from carrot (daucus carota l.) was expressed at high levels in escherichia coli and partially purified. ca(2+)-induced gel mobility shift and (45)ca(2+) ligand binding assays confirmed that recombinant dccpk1 binds ca(2+) through its calmodulin-like domain and undergoes a significant conformational change. ca(2+) activated the kinase activity of recombinant dccpk1 (k(0.5)=1.7 microm) up to 20-fold. ca(2+) comb ...	1999	10556555
assembly and disassembly of the peripheral architecture of the plant cell nucleus during mitosis	the architecture of the nuclei of higher plants includes a structure similar to the nuclear lamina of vertebrates. changes in this structure were monitored during mitosis in carrot (daucus carota l.) and celery (apium graveolens l.) cells by immunofluorescence microscopy using an antibody that recognized the nuclear-matrix protein nmcp1. this protein has been shown to be localized exclusively at the periphery of the nucleus (k. masuda et al. 1997, exp cell res 232: 173-187). immunofluorescence w ...	1999	10592045
antisense repression of sucrose synthase in carrot (daucus carota l.) affects growth rather than sucrose partitioning.	to unravel the roles of sucrose synthase in carrot, we reduced its activity in transgenic carrot plants by an antisense approach. for this purpose, the cdna for the main form of carrot sucrose synthase was expressed in antisense orientation behind the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. in independent antisense plant lines grown in soil, sucrose synthase activity was reduced in tap roots but not in leaves. in the sink organs, sucrose utilization was markedly decreased and higher levels of ...	1999	10608657
identification and characterization of an 18-kilodalton, vamp-like protein in suspension-cultured carrot cells.	polyclonal antibodies raised against rat vesicle associated membrane protein-2 (vamp-2) recognized, in carrot (daucus carota) microsomes, two major polypeptides of 18 and 30 kd, respectively. a biochemical separation of intracellular membranes by a sucrose density gradient co-localized the two polypeptides as resident in light, dense microsomes, corresponding to the endoplasmic reticulum-enriched fractions. purification of coated vesicles allowed us to distinguish the subcellular location of the ...	2000	10631246
calcium-regulated proteolysis of eef1a.	eukaryotic elongation factor 1alpha (eef1a) can be post-translationally modified by the addition of phosphorylglycerylethanolamine (pge). [(14)c]ethanolamine was incorporated into the pge modification, and with carrot (daucus carota l.) suspension culture cells, eef1a was the only protein that incorporated detectable quantities of [(14)c]ethanolamine (ransom et al., 1998). when 1 mm cacl(2) was added to microsomes containing [(14)c]ethanolamine-labeled eef1a ([(14)c]et-eef1a), there was a 60% de ...	2000	10712560
dce2f, a functional plant e2f-like transcriptional activator from daucus carota.	in animal cells the progression of the cell cycle through g(1)/s transition and s phase is under the control of the prb/e2f regulatory pathway. the e2f transcription factors are key activators of genes coding for several regulatory proteins and for enzymes involved in nucleotide and dna synthesis. in this report we have detected the presence of e2f-like dna binding activities in carrot nuclear extracts, and we have isolated a carrot cdna (dce2f) encoding a plant e2f homologue. the dce2f gene is ...	2000	10748129
a secreted peptide growth factor, phytosulfokine, acting as a stimulatory factor of carrot somatic embryo formation.	somatic embryogenesis of the carrot (daucus carota l.) depends on a set of factors, some of which accumulate in culture medium (conditioned medium, cm). when embryogenic cell clusters were transferred to an embryo-inducing medium, addition of cm derived from somatic embryo culture markedly stimulated somatic embryo formation. the active principles were purified using a simple bioassay system and identified to be phytosulfokines (psks), sulfated oligopeptide growth factors originally isolated fro ...	2000	10750705
identification of highly conserved hydrophobic amino acid motif in deduced amino acid sequence of elymus sibiricus l. mitochondrial s13 ribosomal protein.	the nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial ribosomal protein rps13 gene from wild perennial grass elymus sibiricus is presented. it was determined by the method of pcr amplification with specific oligonucleotide primers and the direct sequencing of the amplification product. the sequence of e. sibiricus mitochondrial gene for s13 predicts a hydrophobic ribosomal protein of 116 amino acids that shows strong similarity to those of wheat (99.7% identity) and maize (98%). the deduced amino acid sequen ...	2000	10778389
purification from conditioned medium and chemical identification of a factor that inhibits somatic embryogenesis in carrot.	somatic embryogenesis is strongly inhibited in cultures of carrot (daucus carota l.) cells when the cell density is high. the inhibition is caused by factors that are released by cells into the medium of such cultures. in this study, we purified and identified one of the inhibitory factors found in the medium of high-cell-density cultures of carrot cells. the inhibitory factor with the strongest apparent activity was purified by fractionation with ethylacetate, chromatography on an octadecylsily ...	2000	10805589
conservation of the basic pattern of cellular amino acid composition during biological evolution in plants.	the cellular amino acid composition of plant cells was analyzed. the callus of carrot (daucus carota), leaves of torenia fournieri and protocomb-like body of cymbidium, s.p. were examined as examples of plant cells. the cellular amino acid compositions differed in the plant cells, but their basic patterns were quite similar. it is concluded that the basic pattern of the cellular amino acid composition is conserved in all terrestrial organisms, including plants.	2000	10817410
spontaneous and induced apoptosis in embryogenic cell cultures of carrot (daucus carota l.) in different physiological states.	programmed cell death (apoptosis) in plants - and plant cells in culture - has received much less attention than its animal counterpart. in the present work, using agents producing biotic or abiotic stress on cultivated cells from carrot - and, in a few experiments, arabidopsis -, we show that dna fragmentation, random or oligonucleosomal, can be induced by different treatments. moreover, we demonstrate that the same cultures may or may not respond to the inducing signal according to their physi ...	2000	10826497
the genes abi1 and abi2 are involved in abscisic acid- and drought-inducible expression of the daucus carota l. dc3 promoter in guard cells of transgenic arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh.	the aba insensitive1 (abi1) and abi2 genes encode homologous type-2c protein phosphatases with redundant yet distinct functions in abscisic acid (aba) responses. results from northern blot analysis showed that aba- and mannitol-inducible expression of the cor47 and cor78/lti78/rd29a (cor78) genes was more impaired in the abi2 mutant of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh than in the abi1 mutant. furthermore, aba-plus-mannitol treatments were additive towards cor47 gene expression; however, the aba-d ...	2000	10872217
isoforms of chalcone synthase in daucus carota l. and their differential expression in organs from the european wild carrot and in ultraviolet-a-irradiated cell cultures.	two isoforms of chalcone synthase (chs) were isolated from cdna libraries derived from uv-a-irradiated anthocyanin-accumulating (dcb) and non-accumulating (dcs) cell cultures of carrot (daucus carota l.). the clones designated as dcchs1, which were present only in the dcb library, had a deduced primary sequence of 389 amino acids and an expected molecular mass of 42.7 kda, and seem to be alleles of those cloned by ozeki et al. (1993). the second isoform (dcchs2) was present in both libraries. it ...	2000	10872233
atp-dependent regulation of nuclear ca(2+) levels in plant cells.	localised alterations in cytoplasmic ca(2+) levels are an integral part of the response of eukaryotic cells to a plethora of external stimuli. due to the large size of nuclear pores, it has generally been assumed that intranuclear ca(2+) levels reflect the prevailing cytoplasmic ca(2+) levels. using nuclei prepared from carrot (daucus carota l.) cells, we now show that ca(2+) can be transported across nuclear membranes in an atp-dependent manner and that over 95% of ca(2+) is accumulated into a ...	2000	10913602
spatial and temporal distribution of solutes in the developing carrot taproot measured at single-cell resolution.	the time-course and spatial distribution of sugars and ions in carrot (daucus carota l.) was studied at fine resolution using single cell (sicsa) and tissue analysis. four phases of osmolyte accumulation in the taproot were identified: an amino acid (germination) phase, when internal sources of amino acids provide seedlings with osmotica; an ion phase, when inorganic and organic ions were the main solutes; a hexose phase, when concentrations of glucose and fructose sharply increased and reached ...	2000	10938813
effects on the growth of carrots (daucus carota l.), cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata l.) and onion (allium cepa l.) of restricting the ability of the plants to intercept resources.	the objective of this paper is to assess the size and penetration of edge effects in carrot, cabbage and onion field crops and the extent to which these edge effects are modified by the presence of aerial or soil competition between the crop rows. in all three crops, large weight differences developed between the plants in the edge rows and those in the central rows. there was no indication of plant weight fluctuating between large and small values with each successive row in from the edge, as s ...	2000	10938817
effect of daucus carota var. boissieri extracts on immune response of schistosoma mansoni infected mice.	isolation and structure elucidation was carried out of flavonoid constituents found in fractionated extracts of the seeds and green leaves of daucus carota l. var. boissieri (apiaceae). the flavonoids are mainly apigenin, luteolin, their glycosidic precursors and 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde. fatty acids, hydrocarbons and sterols were identified by glc. the effect of various carrot extracts on the immune responses of schistosoma mansoni infected mice was studied. the rate of reduction in worm in ...	1999	10983240
impact of egyptian broomrape (orobanche aegyptiaca (pers.) parasitism on amino acid composition of carrot (daucus carota l.).	the relationship between the organic nitrogen status of egyptian broomrape and one of its hosts, carrot, was studied by comparing amino acid profiles of leaf and root tissues of nonparasitized and broomrape-parasitized carrot plants and by analyzing amino acid profiles of broomrape at different growth stages. total n concentrations, expressed as a percentage of the dry weight of the tissues, were similar in leaves of nonparasitized and parasitized carrot plants but were lower in parasitized root ...	2000	10995293
the rates of deceleration of nuclear and organellar dna syntheses differ in the progenitor cells of the apical meristems during carrot somatic embryogenesis.	the synthesis of dna in nuclei and organellar nucleoids at the various stages of somatic embryogenesis in carrot (daucus carota l. cv. kurodagosun) was analyzed using anti-5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (brdu) immunofluorescence microscopy. the active syntheses of both nuclear and organellar dna started in the cells forming the embryo proper 3 d after the initiation of embryogenesis, but not in cells forming suspensor-like cell aggregates. in the early globular embryo, active dna syntheses were continu ...	2000	11030544
the roles of rirol and ngrol genes in hairy root induction in nicotiana debneyi.	the function of rirol genes in tl-dna of the ri plasmid of agrobacterium rhizogenes has been previously studied in nicotiana tabacum and daucus carota, but it was reported that these plants have a tl-dna-similar sequence in their genome. we investigated the function of rirol genes in n. debneyi by infection with a. tumefaciens harboring these genes, because the genome of n. debneyi does not contain a tl-dna-similar sequence. the single gene rirolb induced adventitious roots in n. debneyi. introd ...	2000	11074270
hypotensive action of coumarin glycosides from daucus carota.	daucus carota (carrot) has been used in traditional medicine to treat hypertension. activity-directed fractionation of aerial parts of d. carota resulted in the isolation of two cumarin glycosides coded as dc-2 and dc-3. intravenous administration of these compounds caused a dose-dependent (1-10 mg/kg) fall in arterial blood pressure in normotensive anaesthetised rats. in the in vitro studies, both compounds caused a dose-dependent (10-200 microg/ml) inhibitory effect on spontaneously beating gu ...	2000	11081994
somatic embryogenesis induced by the simple application of abscisic acid to carrot (daucus carota l.) seedlings in culture.	seedlings of carrot (daucus carota l. cv. red cored chantenay) formed somatic embryos when cultured on medium containing abscisic acid (aba) as the sole source of growth regulator. the number of embryos per number of seedlings changed depending on the concentration of aba added to the medium, with a maximum embryo number at 1 x 10(-4) m aba. seedling age was critical for response to exogenous aba; no seedling with a hypocotyl longer than 3.0 cm was able to form an embryo. removal of shoot apices ...	2000	11089691
overexpression of mitochondrial citrate synthase in arabidopsis thaliana improved growth on a phosphorus-limited soil.	the gene for mitochondrial citrate synthase (cs) was isolated from daucus carota (dccs) and introduced into arabidopsis thaliana (strain ws) using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. characteristics of citrate excretion were compared between t3 transgenic plants, which were derived from the initial transgenic plants by self-fertilization and homozygous for dccs, and the control plants that had no dccs. the highest cs activity 0.78 micromol protein min(-1) exhibited by the transgen ...	2000	11100775
biology, ecology, and management of the bulb mites of the genus rhizoglyphus (acari: acaridae).	bulb mites of the genus rhizoglyphus (claparède) (acari: acaridae) have been identified as pests of many crops and ornamentals in storage, in the greenhouse, and in the field. the most important hosts are species in the family liliaceae (e.g. allium spp.), but bulb mites will often attack other important crops such as potatoes (solanum sp.) and carrots (daucus carota). despite their economic importance and broad distribution, the systematics of the genus remains in a state of confusion and is in ...	2000	11108390
carrot cells contain two top1 genes having the coding capacity for two distinct dna topoisomerases i.	five dna topoisomerase i cdna clones were isolated from a carrot (daucus carota) cdna library and two classes of nucleotide sequences were found. one component of the first class, ptop9, perfectly matches the open reading frame of ptop28, a truncated top1 cdna previously described, and extended it by 594 nucleotides (top1alpha). a member of the second class, ptop11, contains an open reading frame 2727 bp long (top1ss) with a coding capacity for a second putative dna topoisomerase i of 101 kda. b ...	2000	11141172
distinct patterns of expression but similar biochemical properties of protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase in higher plants.	protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase is a widely distributed repair enzyme that initiates the conversion of abnormal l-isoaspartyl residues to their normal l-aspartyl forms. here we show that this activity is expressed in developing corn (zea mays) and carrot (daucus carota var. danvers half long) plants in patterns distinct from those previously seen in winter wheat (triticum aestivum cv augusta) and thale cress (arabidopsis thaliana), whereas the pattern of expression observed in rice (oryz ...	2001	11161058
characterization of carrot nuclear proteins that exhibit specific binding affinity towards conventional and non-conventional dna methylation.	dna methylation is associated with transcriptional silencing in vertebrates and plants. in mammals, the effects of methylation are mediated by a family of methyl-cpg-binding proteins. in plants the mechanisms by which methylation represses transcription are still not clear. in this paper we describe protein factors in carrot nuclear extracts exhibiting specific affinities for conventional or non-conventional methylation acceptor sites. we characterized two classes of proteins: the first, dcmbpi ...	2000	11198426
endogenous hormone levels in explants and in embryogenic and non-embryogenic cultures of carrot.	carrot (daucus carota l. f1 hybrid starca) excised hypocotyls were cultured on murashige and skoog medium with and without 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-d) to determine the effect of this plant growth regulator on their further development and their endogenous hormone levels. culture in the absence of 2,4-d stimulated root development at one end of the hypocotyl segments and increased the endogenous levels of free indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), zeatin/zeatin riboside and n6(delta2-isopenteny ...	2001	11240924
anaerobically digested poultry slaughterhouse wastes as fertiliser in agriculture.	chemical and physical analysis, 27-d plant growth assays with carrot (daucus carota) and chinese cabbage (brassica campestris var. chinensis), and 5-d phytotoxicity assays with chinese cabbage and perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) were used to investigate the suitability of anaerobically digested poultry slaughterhouse waste for fertiliser in agriculture and the effect of aerobic post-treatment on the properties of the digested material. the digested material appeared to be rich in nitrogen. i ...	2001	11265792
n-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine-containing arabinogalactan proteins control somatic embryogenesis.	in plants, complete embryos can develop not only from the zygote, but also from somatic cells in tissue culture. how somatic cells undergo the change in fate to become embryogenic is largely unknown. proteins, secreted into the culture medium such as endochitinases and arabinogalactan proteins (agps) are required for somatic embryogenesis. here we show that carrot (daucus carota) agps can contain glucosamine and n-acetyl-d-glucosaminyl and are sensitive to endochitinase cleavage. to determine th ...	2001	11299367
expression of the daucus carota somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase (dcserk) protein in insect cells.	the daucus carota somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase (dcserk) gene serves as marker to monitor the transition from somatic into embryogenic plant cells. to determine the intrinsic biochemical properties of the dcserk protein, a predicted transmembrane receptor, the kinase domain was expressed as a 40-kda his-tag fusion protein in the baculovirus insect cell system. the kinase domain fusion protein was able to autophosphorylate in vitro. phosphoamino acid analysis of the autophosphorylated dcs ...	2001	11368849
availability of arsenic, copper, lead, thallium, and zinc to various vegetables grown in slag-contaminated soils.	to anticipate a possible hazard resulting from the plant uptake of metals from slag-contaminated soils, it is useful to study whether vegetables exist that are able to mobilize a given metal in the slag to a larger proportion than in an uncontaminated control soil. for this purpose, we studied the soil to plant transfer of arsenic, copper, lead, thallium, and zinc by the vegetables bean (phaseolus vulgaris l. 'dwarf bean modus'), kohlrabi (brassica oleracea var. gongylodes l.), mangold (beta vul ...	2006	11401283
spatial expression of dna topoisomerase i genes during cell proliferation in daucus carota.	the spatial expression of carrot (daucus carota l.) top1 genes encoding the two isoforms of the enzyme dna topoisomerase i (ec 5.99.1.2) was investigated. in situ hybridization analysis performed with a probe recognizing both top1 transcripts provided evidence that in explanted hypocotyls induced to proliferate in vitro by the addition of the growth regulator 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), the mrna accumulation parallels the proliferation of provascular cells of the stelar cylinder. dur ...	2001	11411862
residual fate of metribuzin on carrot (daucus carota) crop.		2001	11443338
regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in uv-a-irradiated cell cultures of carrot and in organs of intact carrot plants.	two cell lines of daucus carota are known to differ with respect to anthocyanin accumulation. cdna clones encoding enzymes involved in anthocyanidin biosynthesis, namely phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal; ec 4.3.1.5), chalcone synthase (chs; ec 2.3.1.74), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (f3h; ec 1.14.11.9), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr; ec 1.1.1.219) and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (ldox; ec 1.14.11.-), were isolated from libraries derived from cell cultures. northern blot analysis of anthocyanin- ...	2001	11448762
4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol accumulates in suspension-cell cultures and inhibits somatic embryogenesis in carrot.	somatic embryogenesis in carrot (daucus carota l.) is strongly inhibited by certain factors that accumulate in culture medium of high-density cultures of embryogenic cells. we previously identified 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4hba) as one of the inhibitory factors. in this study, we analyzed the accumulation pattern of 4hba in the cultures of carrot suspension cells. when somatic embryogenesis was induced by culturing embryogenic cells in phytohormone-free murashige and skoog medium at various init ...	2001	11454234
metabolism of the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium in plant cell cultures of transgenic (rhizomania-resistant) and non-transgenic sugarbeet (beta vulgaris), carrot (daucus carota), purple foxglove (digitalis purpurea) and thorn apple (datura stramonium).	the metabolism of the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium was investigated in heterotrophic cell suspension and callus cultures of transgenic (bar-gene) and non-transgenic sugarbeet (beta vulgaris). similar studies were performed with suspensions of carrot (daucus carota), purple foxglove (digitalis purpurea) and thorn apple (datura stramonium). 14c-labelled chemicals were the (racemic) glufosinate, l-glufosinate, and d-glufosinate, as well as the metabolites n-acetyl l-glufosinate and 3-(hydroxymeth ...	2001	11455632
a novel k+ channel expressed in carrot roots with a low susceptibility toward metal ions.	kdc1 is a novel k+-channel gene cloned from carrot roots, and which is also present in cultured carrot cells. we investigated the characteristics of the ionic current elicited in xenopus oocytes coinjected with kdc1 (k+-daucus carota 1) and kat1 (from arabidopsis thaliana) rna. expressed heteromeric channels displayed inward-rectifying potassium currents whose kinetics, voltage characteristics, and inhibition by metal ions depended on kdc1:kat1 ratios. at low kdc1:kat1 ratios, zn2+ inhibition of ...	2001	11460927
effect of the tetrapeptide rgds on somatic embryogenesis in daucus carota.	the present work examines the requirement for rgd-binding sites, such as those in the plasma membrane protein integrin during somatic embryogenesis in carrot (daucus carota l. cv. scarlet nantes). it is possible to assay for this requirement by competitively inhibiting binding of the site to the natural rgd-containing ligand by adding an excess of synthetic rgds. we found that treatment of carrot callus cultures with rgds (2.7 mm) inhibited the development of a normal shoot pole in carrot somati ...	2001	11473718
influence of plant growth on degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in sludge-amended soil.	widespread application of sewage sludge to agricultural soils in denmark has led to concern about the possible accumulation and effects of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (las) in the soil ecosystem. therefore, we have studied the uptake and degradation of las in greenhouse pot experiments. sewage sludge was incorporated into a sandy soil to give a range from very low to very high applications (0.4 to 90 mg dry wt. ha(-1)). in addition, las was added as water solutions. the soil was transferred to ...	2006	11476504
expression pattern of the arabidopsis thaliana atep3/atchitiv endochitinase gene.	the carrot (daucus carota l.) ep3 chitinase was shown to be essential for somatic embryo formation in a carrot mutant cell line. we identified the arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. ortholog of the carrot ep3-3 chitinase gene, designated as atep3/atchitiv and analyzed its expression in arabidopsis by means of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and promoter::beta-glucuronidase and luciferase fusions. as in carrot, the gene is expressed during somatic embryogenesis in "nursing" cells su ...	2001	11525512
structural and functional organisation of regenerated plant protoplasts exposed to microgravity on biokosmos 9.	preparatory experiments for the iml-1 mission using plant protoplasts, were flown on a 14-day flight on biokosmos 9 in september 1989. thirty-six hours before launch of the biosatellite, protoplasts were isolated from hypocotyl cells of rapeseed (brassica napus) and suspension cultures of carrot (daucus carota). ultrastructural and fluorescence analysis of cell aggregates from these protoplasts, cultured under microgravity conditions, have been performed. in the flight samples as well as in the ...	1992	11536948
low external ph replaces 2,4-d in maintaining and multiplying 2,4-d-initiated embryogenic cells of carrot.	a mixed culture comprised of both embryonic globules and nonembryogenic callus was derived from seedling hypocotyls of daucus carota cv. scarlet nantes on 2,4-d- containing medium using well-established methods. then the mixed cultures were transferred to, and serially subcultured on, a hormone-free medium near ph 4. the medium contained 1 mm nh4+ as the sole nitrogen source. when cultured in this way, embryonic globules were able to multiply without development into later embryo stages. nonembr ...	1990	11537852
thioredoxin and nadp-thioredoxin reductase from cultured carrot cells.	dark-grown carrot (daucus carota l.) tissue cultures were found to contain both protein components of the nadp/thioredoxin system--nadp-thioredoxin reductase and the thioredoxin characteristic of heterotrophic systems, thioredoxin h. thioredoxin h was purified to apparent homogeneity and, like typical bacterial counterparts, was a 12-kdalton (kda) acidic protein capable of activating chloroplast nadp-malate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.82) more effectively than fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (ec 3.1.3.1 ...	1987	11539727