| quantitative studies and sensory analyses on the influence of cultivar, spatial tissue distribution, and industrial processing on the bitter off-taste of carrots (daucus carota l.) and carrot products. | although various reports pointed to 6-methoxymellein (1) as a key player imparting the bitter taste in carrots, activity-guided fractionation experiments recently gave evidence that not this isocoumarin but bisacetylenic oxylipins contribute mainly to the off-taste. among these, (z)-heptadeca-1,9-dien-4,6-diyn-3-ol (2), (z)-3-acetoxy-heptadeca-1,9-dien-4,6-diyn-8-ol (3), and (z)-heptadeca-1,9-dien-4,6-diyn-3,8-diol (falcarindiol, 4) have been successfully identified. in the present study, an ana ... | 2004 | 15237959 |
| biotransformation of isoprenoids and shikimic acid derivatives by a vegetable enzymatic system. | in biotransformations carried out under similar conditions enzymatic systems from carrot (daucus carota l.), celeriac (apium graveolens l. var. rapaceum) and horse-radish (armoracia lapathifolia gilib.) hydrolyzed the ester bonds of acetates of phenols or alicyclic alcohols. nevertheless, methyl esters of aromatic acids did not undergo hydrolysis. alcohols were oxidized to ketones in a reversible reaction. | 2004 | 15241926 |
| abscisic acid-inducible nuclear proteins bind to bipartite promoter elements required for aba response and embryo-regulated expression of the carrot dc3 gene. | the carrot (daucus carota l.) lea-class gene dc3 is expressed in developing seeds and in vegetative tissues subject to drought and treatment with exogenous abscisic acid (aba). cis regulatory elements involved in seed-specific expression and in response to aba were identified in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) using beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene constructs containing a series of deletion and orientation mutants of the dc3 promoter. these experiments demonstrated that the dc3 p ... | 2005 | 15378369 |
| effectiveness of lemon juice, vinegar and their mixture in the elimination of salmonella typhimurium on carrots (daucus carota l.). | lemon juice, vinegar and the mixture of lemon juice and vinegar (1:1) were tested for their effectiveness in reducing the counts of inoculated salmonella typhimurium (approximately 6 and 3 log cfu/g) on carrots. treatment of carrot samples with lemon juice vinegar alone for different exposure times (0, 15, 30 and 60 min) caused significant reductions ranging between 0.79-3.95 and 1.57-3.58 log cfu/g, respectively, while the number of pathogens was reduced to an undetectable level after 30-min tr ... | 2004 | 15454320 |
| occurrence of gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus in tropical and subtropical plants of western ghats, india. | endophytic bacteria were isolated from the tissues of surface sterilized roots, stems, and leaves of fifty different crop plants. phenotypic, biochemical tests and species-specific pcr assay permitted identification of four isolates of gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus from root tissues of carrot (daucus carota l.), raddish (raphanus sativus l.), beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) and coffee (coffea arabica l.). further the plant growth promoting traits such as nitrogenase activity, production of phytoh ... | 2004 | 15462523 |
| susceptibility of two different strains of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) to plant oils. | the toxicity of 11 oils extracted from plants commonly grown in the himalayan region was studied using larvae of two aedes aegypti (l.) strains. a strain from liverpool, england, was highly susceptible to these oils. the lc50 values were much higher in a local laboratory strain. daucus carota l. oil was highly toxic in both strains. differences in the susceptibility of these strains to the action of the test oils and their potential use in integrated pest management are discussed. | 2004 | 15568366 |
| evaluation of fungicides for the control of carrot cavity spot. | cavity spot is one of the most common and serious diseases of carrot (daucus carota l). the disease, caused by different species of pythium, including p. violae chesters & hickman, p. sulcatum pratt & mitchell and p. sylvaticum campbell & hendrix, leads to frequent high rejection rates during grading worldwide. in the area of the city of québec, the disease is caused mainly by p. sulcatum, p. sylvaticum and p. macrosporum vaartaja & van der plaats-niterink. cavity spot can be controlled with met ... | 2005 | 15880371 |
| rare trisubstituted sesquiterpenes daucanes from the wild daucus carota. | phytochemical and biological investigation of the roots of the wild daucus carota ssp. carota afforded three new and four known compounds, including four sesquiterpenes daucane esters (1-3 [new], and 4), one polyacetylene (5), one sesquiterpene coumarin (6), and sitosterol glucoside. the structures of the new compounds were determined by comprehensive nmr studies, including dept, cosy, noesy, hmqc and hmbc analyses. based on an agar diffusion assay, 1, 2 and 4-6 were screened and found to contai ... | 2005 | 15964039 |
| tissue-dependent distribution and accumulation of chlorobenzenes by vegetables in urban area. | five seasonal vegetables from three growing sites in hangzhou city, zhejiang province, were studied for the levels of four chlorobenzenes(cbs): o-dichlorobenzene (o-dcb), p-dichlorobenzene (p-dcb), m-dichlorobenzene (m-dcb), and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-tcb). samples of each vegetable from each site were subdivided into leaves, stems, and roots, and these subsamples were analyzed separately for the levels of accumulated cbs. relations between the levels of cbs in vegetables with the total o ... | 2005 | 16002141 |
| the assessment of biological activities associated with the major constituents of the methanol extract of 'wild carrot' (daucus carota l) seeds. | daucus carota l. (family: apiaceae alt. umbelliferae), commonly known as 'wild carrot' or 'queen anne's-lace,' is an ecologically invasive erect biennial naturalized to scotland. the ethnobotanical uses of this species include applications in the treatment of cough, diarrhea, dysentery, cancer, malaria and tumors, and as an antiseptic, abortifacient, aphrodisiac, carminative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. the major constituents isolated from the methanol extract of d. carota seeds by reversed- ... | 2005 | 16093236 |
| green fluorescent protein as an efficient selection marker for agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated carrot transformation. | agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation combined with a visual selection for green fluorescent protein (gfp) has been applied effectively in carrot (daucus carota l.) transformation. carrot root discs were inoculated with a4, a4t, lba1334 and lba9402 strains, all bearing gfp gene in pbin-m-gfp5-er. the results indicate that transformed adventitious roots can be visually selected solely based on gfp fluorescence with a very high accuracy. the method requires no selection agents like anti ... | 2006 | 16247612 |
| combined effects of antimicrobial coating, modified atmosphere packaging, and gamma irradiation on listeria innocua present in ready-to-use carrots (daucus carota). | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an edible antimicrobial coating combined with modified atmosphere (ma) packaging (60% o2, 30% co2, and 10% n2) and gamma irradiation on peeled minicarrots inoculated with listeria innocua. carrots were inoculated with l. innocua (10(3) cfu/g) and then coated with an antimicrobial coating based on calcium caseinate containing trans-cinnamaldehyde. the same formulation without trans-cinnamaldehyde was used as an inactive coating. coated and ... | 2006 | 16416904 |
| influence of antimicrobial compounds and modified atmosphere packaging on radiation sensitivity of listeria monocytogenes present in ready-to-use carrots (daucus carota). | radiosensitization of listeria monocytogenes was determined in the presence of trans-cinnamaldehyde, spanish oregano, winter savory, and chinese cinnamon on peeled minicarrots packed under air or under a modified atmosphere (60% o2, 30% co2, and 10% n2). samples were inoculated with l. monocytogenes hpb 2812 serovar 1/2a (106 cfu/g) and were coated separately with each active compound (0.5%, wt/wt) before being packaged under air or the modified atmosphere and irradiated at doses from 0.07 to 2. ... | 2006 | 16416924 |
| radiation processing to ensure safety of minimally processed carrot (daucus carota) and cucumber (cucumis sativus): optimization of dose for the elimination of salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes. | minimally processed vegetables are in demand, because they offer convenience to consumers. however, these products are often unsafe because of possible contamination with pathogens, such as salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7, and shigella species. therefore, this study was carried out to optimize the radiation dose necessary to ensure the safety of precut carrot and cucumber. decimal reduction doses (d-values) of salmonella typhimurium mtcc 98 were ca. 0.164 kgy in carrot samples and 0.178 kgy ... | 2006 | 16496592 |
| beet leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) settling behavior, survival, and reproduction on selected host plants. | experiments were conducted to determine the settling behavior, survival, and reproduction of the beet leafhopper, circulifer tenellus (baker), when maintained on selected host plants. this leafhopper was recently identified in the columbia basin of washington and oregon as the probable vector of the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent phytoplasma, causal agent of several vegetable crop diseases, including potato purple top. plants selected for study were sugar beet, beta vulgaris l.; ra ... | 2005 | 16539100 |
| ethylene regulation of gene expression in carrots. | the respiration of carrot (daucus carota l.) roots is stimulated by ethylene. polyribosomes were shown to proliferate concomitantly with the increase in respiration, and the extent of polyribosome augmentation was closely correlated to the amount of respiratory stimulation. in addition to the increase in quantity, ethylene caused a 2-fold increase in the average polyribosome size, suggesting tighter packing of ribosomes on rna. in vitro translation of carrot polyadenylylated rna with the rabbit ... | 1982 | 16593207 |
| tubulins from different higher plant species are immunologically nonidentical and bind colchicine differentially. | we have initiated immunological and drug-binding studies on the tubulins from different higher plant species. antibodies were raised against electrophoretically separated rose (rosa sp.) tubulin alpha- and beta-subunits and characterized by immunoblot autoradiographic assays. each igg preparation bound to its antigen and cross-reacted differentially with the respective tubulin subunits from an alga, sea urchin, rabbit, and cow. antigenic determinants were shared more among the beta-subunits than ... | 1984 | 16593430 |
| transfer of resistance traits from carrot into tobacco by asymmetric somatic hybridization: regeneration of fertile plants. | transfer of methotrexate and 5-methyltryptophan resistance from carrot (daucus carota) to tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) was achieved by fusion between leaf mesophyll protoplasts of tobacco and irradiated cell culture protoplasts of carrot. some of the regenerated somatic hybrids exhibited normal tobacco morphology with coexpression and independent segregation of the transferred resistance markers. chromosomal instability resulted in aneuploid somatic hybrids with significantly lower chromosome num ... | 1987 | 16593902 |
| use of bacterial quorum-sensing components to regulate gene expression in plants. | we describe an efficient inducible system to regulate gene expression in plants based on quorum-sensing components found in gram-negative bacteria such as agrobacterium tumefaciens. these bacteria monitor their own population density by utilizing members of the n-acyl homoserine lactone family as inducers and a transcriptional activator as its receptor. in our study, we utilize the components from a. tumefaciens (i.e. 3-oxooctanyl-l-homoserine lactone [oohl]) synthesized by the trai protein and ... | 2006 | 16607032 |
| cultivation of garden vegetables in peoria pool sediments from the illinois river: a case study in trace element accumulation and dietary exposures. | this case study was conducted to evaluate the use of reclaimed lake sediment as a growth media for vegetable production and to estimate whether accumulation of micronutrients and heavy metals in the vegetables would impact human nutrition or health, respectively. five plant species, bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), broccoli (brassica oleracea l.), carrot (daucus carota l.), pepper (capsicum annum l.), and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum l.), were grown in pots containing either reclaimed sediment f ... | 2006 | 16650471 |
| identification and expression of a cdna clone encoding aspartate aminotransferase in carrot. | a full-length cdna clone encoding aspartate aminotransferase (aat) has been identified from a carrot root cdna library. degenerate oligo primers were synthesized from the known amino acid sequence of aat form i from carrot (daucus carota l. cv danvers). these primers were utilized in a polymerase chain reaction to amplify a portion of a carrot aat gene from first strand cdna synthesized from poly(a)(+) rna isolated from 5-d-old cell suspension cultures. the resulting 750-bp fragment was cloned, ... | 1992 | 16652971 |
| cell wall and protoplast isoperoxidases in relation to injury, indoleacetic acid, and ethylene effects. | in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) pith, sweet potato (ipomoea batatas), and carrot (daucus carota) storage roots, differences were found between cell wall and protoplast peroxidases in their isoenzyme patterns, activity, and reaction to tissue injury.in the pith of elongating tobacco internodes, 90% of total activity was associated with the walls, 80% of which was due to the ionically and covalently bound fractions. with senescence, the increase in activity occurred mainly in the protoplast and the ... | 1974 | 16658744 |
| determination of structure and composition of suberin from the roots of carrot, parsnip, rutabaga, turnip, red beet, and sweet potato by combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. | suberin from the roots of carrots (daucus carota), parsnip (pastinaca sativa), rutabaga (brassica napobrassica), turnip (brassica rapa), red beet (beta vulgaris), and sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) was isolated by a combination of chemical and enzymatic techniques. finely powdered suberin was depolymerized with 14% bf(3) in methanol, and soluble monomers (20-50% of suberin) were fractionated into phenolic (<10%) and aliphatic (13-35%) fractions. the aliphatic fractions consisted mainly of omega- ... | 1975 | 16659124 |
| characterization of carrot and tobacco cell cultures resistant to p-fluorophenylalanine. | this study describes the isolation and characterization of p-fluorophenylalanine-resistant diploid tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) and diploid carrot (daucus carota l.) cultured cell lines. the p-fluorophenylalanine-resistant tobacco and carrot lines can grow in medium containing p-fluorophenylalanine concentrations 10 to more than 100 times those which inhibit the growth of susceptible cells, respectively. the resistance trait was retained when the cells were grown in a medium lacking the phenyl ... | 1975 | 16659278 |
| nitrogen metabolism in plant cell suspension cultures: i. effect of amino acids on growth. | certain amino acids inhibit growth of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. var. xanthi), tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) carrot (daucus carota), and soybean (glycerine max l. co. mandarin) cell cultures when nitrate or urea are the nitrogen sources but not when ammonia is the nitrogen source. these amino acids also inhibit development of nitrate reductase activity (nadh:nitrate oxidoreductase ec 1.6.6.1) in tobacco and tomato cultures. threonine, the most inhibitory amino acid, also inhibits nitrate u ... | 1975 | 16659349 |
| a method for eliminating the contribution of agrobacterium tumefaciens to studies of nucleic acid biosynthesis in crown gall tumors. | a procedure is described that permits the use of radiotracer methods for examining crown gall tumors in the presence of the initiating agent agrobacterium tumefaciens. on the basis of sensitivity testing using the disc diffusion technique and the minimum inhibitory concentration procedure and incorporation of radioactive phosphorus into nucleic acids, it was determined that a. tumefaciens was most sensitive to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and methacycline. it was further demonstrated that nucl ... | 1976 | 16659494 |
| correlation between phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and phenolic biosynthesis in p-fluorophenylalanine-sensitive and -resistant tobacco and carrot tissue cultures. | phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) activity was measured in p-fluorophenylalanine (pfp)-sensitive and -resistant tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) and carrot (daucus carota l.) cell lines which are known to oversynthesize phenylalanine. a correlation between phenolic levels and pal activities was detected. the phenylalanine analog-resistant and -sensitive carrot cells showed no differences in the accumulation of phenolic compounds and pal activities. the pfp-resistant tobacco cells, however, had 10 ... | 1977 | 16659891 |
| effects of ophiobolin a on ion leakage and hexose uptake by maize roots. | ophiobolin a, a sesterterpene metabolite of helminthosporium maydis, nisikado and miyake, stimulates net leakage of electrolytes and glucose from maize (zea mays l.) seedling roots. treatment of the roots with ophiobolin a at a concentration of 10 mug/ml (25 mum) inhibits uptake of 10 mm 2-deoxyglucose by 50% and of 0.5 mm 2-deoxyglucose by 85%. compartmental analysis of the efflux of 3-o-methylglucose failed to show a similar effect of ophiobolin a on the rate of efflux of hexose. the inhibitio ... | 1977 | 16659965 |
| effect of glyphosate on carrot and tobacco cells. | the growth of suspension-cultured carrot (daucus carota l.) and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. xanthi) cells was inhibited by glyphosate (n-[phosphonomethyl]glycine). this inhibition was reversed by adding combinations of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan or casein hydrolysate. casein hydrolysate and phenylalanine + tyrosine + tryptophan were the most effective treatments. reversal of glyphosate-induced inhibition occurred only if the aromatic amino acids were added during the first 8 d ... | 1977 | 16660038 |
| bacitracin inhibits the synthesis of lipid-linked saccharides and glycoproteins in plants. | the particulate enzyme fraction from mung bean (phaseolus aureus) seedlings catalyzes the incorporation of mannose from gdp-[(14)c]mannose into mannosyl-phosphoryl-dolichol and of n-acetylglucosamine from udp-[(3)h]n-acetylglucosamine into n-acetylglucosamine-pyrophosphoryl-polyisoprenol. bacitracin inhibits the transfer of both of these sugars into the lipid-linked saccharides with 50% inhibition being observed at 5 mm bacitracin. this antibiotic did not inhibit the transfer of glucose from udp ... | 1978 | 16660520 |
| studies on the pectic substances of plant cell walls: iii. degradation of carrot root cell walls by endopectate lyase purified from erwinia aroideae. | pectate lyase was isolated from the cell extract of erwinia aroideae. the enzyme was further purified to a high degree by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on cm-sephadex c-50 and on sephadex g-200. the enzyme attacked its substrate in an endo fashion and was more active on the sodium salt of acid-insoluble polygalacturonate or pectic acid than it was on the methoxylated pectin. the enzyme had an optimum ph at 9.3, was stimulated by calcium ions, and was com ... | 1982 | 16662310 |
| potentiating effect of pure oxygen on the enhancement of respiration by ethylene in plant storage organs: a comparative study. | a number of fruits and bulky storage organs were studied with respect to the effect of pure o(2) on the extent and time-course of the respiratory rise induced by ethylene. in one group, of which potato (solanum tuberosum var. russet) and carrot (daucus carota) are examples, the response to ethylene in o(2) is much greater than in air. in a second group, of which avocado (persea americana mill. var. hass) and banana (musa cavendishii lambert var. valery) are examples, air and o(2) are equally eff ... | 1982 | 16662339 |
| cryostorage of cloned amino acid analog-resistant carrot and tobacco suspension cultures. | five clones were isolated from five different amino acid analog-resistant daucus carota l. var. sativa and nicotiana tabacum l. cv. xanthi cell lines. the individual clones were similar in their resistance to dl-5-methyltryptophan, s-(2-aminoethyl)-l-cysteine, or azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, and in their corresponding free amino acid levels.the cell suspensions were stored using a controlled freezing rate at -196 degrees c with concentrations up to 40% of the four cryoprotectants: mannitol, prol ... | 1982 | 16662465 |
| virulence properties of strains of agrobacterium on the apical and basal surfaces of carrot root discs. | most pathogenic strains of agrobacterium are able to induce crown gall or hairy root on both the apical surface (facing the root tip) and the basal surface (facing the shoot) of carrot (daucus carota l.) root discs. tumorigenic strains carrying mutations in the shoot inhibition region of the t-dna (tl-dna genes 1 and 2) are markedly attenuated on the basal surface but remain virulent on the apical surface. coinoculation of two attenuated tumorigenic strains, with mutations in gene 1 and gene 2, ... | 1985 | 16664012 |
| trehalose as cryoprotectant for the freeze preservation of carrot and tobacco cells. | suspension cultures of carrot (daucus carota, line c1), tobacco (nicotiana tabacum, line tx1), and nicotiana plumbaginifolia (line np) were frozen under controlled conditions with trehalose as the sole cryoprotectant. maximal post-thaw viability (71-74%), measured by phenosafranin dye exclusion, was obtained with the c1 cells following a 24hour pretreatment with 5 or 10% trehalose and with 40% trehalose as the cryoprotectant during freezing. tx1 cells pretreated for 24 hours with 10% trehalose a ... | 1985 | 16664260 |
| isolation and partial purification of prophenoloxidase from daucus carota l. cell cultures. | the enzyme, phenoloxidase, was isolated and partially purified as an inactive enzyme, a proenzyme, from plant cell cultures of daucus carota, nicotiana tabacum, and haplopappus gracilis. the prophenoloxidase was found to be specifically activated by ca(2+) or mn(2+) ions in concentrations above 1 millimolar. calmodulin was not involved in this activation. concentrations of ca(2+) or mn(2+) below 1 millimolar could not induce activation of the prophenoloxidase, but if trypsin was added simultaneo ... | 1985 | 16664316 |
| promoter strength comparisons of maize shrunken 1 and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and 2 promoters in mono- and dicotyledonous species. | promoter strengths of two maize alcohol dehydrogenase genes, adh1 and adh2, and the maize shrunken-1 gene, sh1, were evaluated by transient expression in cultured protoplasts of panicum maximum, triticum monococcum, and daucus carota. promoter elements were ligated in correct and opposite orientations as transcriptional gene fusions to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene containing the nopaline synthase 3' polyadenylation signal. the relative levels of gene expression were compared to th ... | 1988 | 16666422 |
| characterization of a xylose-specific antiserum that reacts with the complex asparagine-linked glycans of extracellular and vacuolar glycoproteins. | antibodies were raised against carrot (daucus carota) cell wall beta-fructosidase that was either in a native configuration (this serum is called anti-betaf(1)) or chemically deglycosylated (anti-betaf(2)). the two antisera had completely different specificities when tested by immunoblotting. the anti-betaf(1) serum reacted with beta-fructosidase and many other carrot cell wall proteins as well as with many proteins in extracts of bean (phaseolus vulgaris) cotyledons and tobacco (nicotiana tabac ... | 1989 | 16666870 |
| immunological characterization of in vitro forms of homoserine dehydrogenase from carrot suspension cultures. | multiple forms of homoserine dehydrogenase (hsdh) from carrot (daucus carota l.) have been identified. one form of hsdh (t-form) has a relative molecular weight of 240,000 and is strongly inhibited by threonine. another form (k-form) has a relative molecular weight of 180,000 and is insensitive to inhibition by threonine. the interconversion of these two forms is dependent upon the presence or absence of threonine and potassium. polyacrylamide electrophoretic gels stained for hsdh activity and p ... | 1990 | 16667288 |
| purification and characterization of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes from carrot suspension cultures. | three aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes were identified from extracts of carrot (daucus carota l.) cell suspension cultures. these isoenzymes were separated by deae chromatography and were analyzed on native gradient polyacrylamide gels. the relative molecular weights of the isoenzymes were 111,000 +/- 5000, 105,000 +/- 5000, and 94,000 +/- 4000 daltons; they were designated forms i, ii, and iii, respectively. form i, the predominant form, has been purified to apparent homogeneity (>300-fold ... | 1990 | 16667320 |
| purification and some properties of a daucus carota lectin which enhances the activation of prophenoloxidase by cacl(2). | carrot (daucus carota) cell cultures were found to secrete a protein, with the molecular weight of 58,000, which could strongly enhance the activation of carrot prophenoloxidase by cacl(2). the protein was isolated from the culture filtrate and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. the purified protein did also show hemagglutinating activity toward rat as well as rabbit erythrocytes and this activity was inhibitied by n-acetylglucosamine or fetuin. | 1990 | 16667519 |
| conditions favorable for the somatic embryogenesis in carrot cell culture enhance expression of the roic promoter-gus fusion gene. | we obtained carrot (daucus carota) cells possessing the 5'-noncoding sequence of the orf12 gene (roic) of tl-dna of the ri plasmid and a structural gene of bacterial beta-glucuronidase by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. when such cells were cultured in medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, substantial reduction in beta-glucuronidase activity was observed. upon transferring the cells from a 2,4-d-containing medium to one devoid of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, enhanced expres ... | 1991 | 16667958 |
| bifunctional protein in carrot contains both aspartokinase and homoserine dehydrogenase activities. | we have purified homoserine dehydrogenase to homogeneity and subjected polypeptide fragments derived from digests of the protein to amino acid sequencing. the amino acid sequence of homoserine dehydrogenase from carrot (daucus carota) indicates that in carrot both aspartokinase and homoserine dehydrogenase activities reside on the same protein. additional evidence that aspartokinase and homoserine dehydrogenase reside on a bifunctional protein is provided by coelution of activities during purifi ... | 1991 | 16668550 |
| reduced expression of top1beta gene induces programmed cell death and alters ascorbate metabolism in daucus carota cultured cells. | topoisomerase i (topo i) is a nuclear enzyme which plays a fundamental role in several pathways involving changes in dna topology. the topo i-mediated reaction is accomplished by the transient covalent binding of the enzyme to dna (topo i-dna complex). stabilization of the topo i-dna complex, leading to irreversible double-strand breaks, has been reported to occur in animal cells under oxidative stress conditions and during apoptosis. in order to study the existence of a putative link between th ... | 2006 | 16717060 |
| pharmacological evidence for the potential of daucus carota in the management of cognitive dysfunctions. | the present study was aimed at investigating the effects of daucus carota seeds on cognitive functions, total serum cholesterol levels and brain cholinesterase activity in mice. the ethanolic extract of daucus carota seeds (dce) was administered orally in three doses (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) for seven successive days to different groups of young and aged mice. elevated plus maze and passive avoidance apparatus served as the exteroceptive behavioral models for testing memory. diazepam-, scopolamine- ... | 2006 | 16755009 |
| accumulation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in hairy roots of daucus carota. | we report here the accumulation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in agrobacterium rhizogenes-induced hairy root cultures of daucus carota. this phenolic acid finds application in food, pharmaceutical and polymer industries. metabolic profiling of phenolics by hplc/esi-ms from these hairy roots showed a considerable amount of p-hydroxybenzoic acid accumulation both in cytosol and in the cell wall. analyses of hcl and naoh treated soluble phenolic fractions resulted in the elution of peaks with same reten ... | 2007 | 17027117 |
| carrot (daucus carota l.). | plants are susceptible to infection by a broad range of fungal pathogens. many horticulturally important crop species lack adequate genetic resistance to disease. studies on potential mechanisms of disease resistance in plants have revealed the importance of a range of pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins with antifungal activity in reducing colonization of plant tissues by pathogens. we are evaluating a range of pr-proteins, through heterologous expression in transgenic carrot tissues, for their ... | 2006 | 17033046 |
| carrot antifreeze protein does not exhibit the polygalacturonase-inhibiting activity of pgip family. | the carrot (daucus carota) antifreeze protein (dcafp) has a strong antifreeze activity and identified as belonging to the plant polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) family based on its sequence similarities, including the presence of a leucine-rich repeat (lrr) motif. in this study, yeast two-hybrid technology was used to analyze whether the carrot afp could act as a pgip. the complete dcafp and polygalacturonase (pgase; obtained from fungus alternaria alternata by rt-pcr) coding sequence ... | 2006 | 17112975 |
| carotenoid biosynthesis structural genes in carrot (daucus carota): isolation, sequence-characterization, single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers and genome mapping. | carotenoid pigments are important components of the human diet and carrots are the main dietary sources of the vitamin a precursors alpha- and beta-carotene. carotenoids play essential biological roles in plants and the genes coding for the carotenoid pathway enzymes are evolutionarily conserved, but little information exists about these genes for carrot. in this study, we utilized published carrot sequences as well as heterologous pcr approaches with primers derived from sequence information of ... | 2007 | 17186217 |
| shelf-life extension of minimally processed carrots by gaseous chlorine dioxide. | chlorine dioxide (clo(2)) gas is a strong oxidizing and sanitizing agent that has a broad and high biocidal effectiveness and big penetration ability; its efficacy to prolong the shelf-life of a minimally processed (mp) vegetable, grated carrots (daucus carota l.), was tested in this study. carrots were sorted, their ends removed, hand peeled, cut, washed, spin dried and separated in 2 portions, one to be treated with clo(2) gas and the other to remain untreated for comparisons. mp carrots were ... | 2007 | 17306398 |
| expression of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit (ltb) in carrot (daucus carota l.). | we expressed the b subunit of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (ltb) encoded by a synthetic codon-optimized gene in carrot. an agrobacterium-mediated transformation method was used. thirty independent transgenic lines were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis after 6 months in culture and were transferred to a greenhouse. gm1-elisa assay was used to assess ltb protein content in mature taproots. some transgenic lines expressed ltb up to 0.3% of the total soluble protein, ... | 2007 | 17310334 |
| [photosynthetic characteristics and coenological survey of lactuca serriola in its invaded area]. | lactuca serriola, a national class quarantine object, is a new invasive species in the coastal area of southeast china. the coenological survey showed that because of its big individual, l. serriola could easily form dominant population in its invaded area, and its main accompany species were conyza canadensis, c. bonarinisis, bidentis bipinnata, oenothera laciniata, ipomoea hederacea, setaria viridis, daucus carota, xanthium sibiricum, erigeron annuus, l. indica, humulus scandens, solanum nigru ... | 2006 | 17330472 |
| results of a screening programme to identify plants or plant extracts that inhibit ruminal protein degradation. | one aim of the ec framework v project, 'rumen-up' (qlk5-ct-2001-00 992), was to find plants or plant extracts that would inhibit the nutritionally wasteful degradation of protein in the rumen. a total of 500 samples were screened in vitro using 14c-labelled casein in a 30-min incubation with ruminal digesta. eight were selected for further investigation using a batch fermentation system and soya protein and bovine serum albumin as proteolysis substrates; proteolysis was monitored over 12 h by th ... | 2007 | 17445338 |
| identification and characterization of a new virus in the genus potyvirus from wild populations of angelica lucida l. and a. genuflexa nutt., family apiaceae. | a novel potyvirus was discovered in angelica lucida l. (wild celery) and a. genuflexa nutt. (kneeling angelica) (family apiaceae) in the matanuska- susitna valley, alaska. the experimental plant host range of the virus included species in three families: chenopodiaceae (chenopodium amaranticolor coste et reyn and chenopodium quinoa willd.), solanaceae (nicotiana benthamiana domin, and n. clevlandii gray.), and apiaceae (anethum graveolens l., apium graveolens l. var. dulce (miller)), daucus caro ... | 2007 | 17558540 |
| biostimulation of pah degradation with plants containing high concentrations of linoleic acid. | many plant species enhance the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), but there is little understanding of the mechanisms by which this occurs. this research identified phytochemicals that stimulate pyrene degradation using crushed roottissues from 43 plants that were screened in soil spiked with 100 ppm pyrene. among the plants tested, root tissues from apium graveolens (celery), raphanus sativus (radish), solanum tuberosum (potato), and daucus carota (carrot) were most effe ... | 2007 | 17626440 |
| metabolic engineering of novel ketocarotenoid production in carrot plants. | carotenoids constitute a vast group of pigments that are ubiquitous throughout nature. carrot (daucus carota l.) roots provide an important source of dietary beta-carotene (provitamin a), alpha-carotene and lutein. ketocarotenoids, such as canthaxanthin and astaxanthin, are produced by some algae and cyanobacteria but are rare in plants. ketocarotenoids are strong antioxidants that are chemically synthesized and used as dietary supplements and pigments in the aquaculture and neutraceutical indus ... | 2008 | 17682834 |
| (e)-methylisoeugenol and elemicin: antibacterial components of daucus carota l. essential oil against campylobacter jejuni. | the essential oil of wild daucus carota l. obtained from aerial parts at the end of the flowering stage (dceo) was reported as antimicrobial against the human enteropathogen campylobacter jejuni. the aim of the present study was to extend this analysis to other campylobacter species and to identify the active compounds of the essential oil, subjected to gc, gc-ms, and (13)c nmr analysis. a minimum inhibitory concentration assay was used to quantify the antimicrobial activity of dceo and the majo ... | 2007 | 17685629 |
| transient and stable expression of the firefly luciferase gene in plant cells and transgenic plants. | the luciferase gene from the firefly, photinus pyralis, was used as a reporter of gene expression by light production in transfected plant cells and transgenic plants. a complementary dna clone of the firefly luciferase gene under the control of a plant virus promoter (cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter) was introduced into plant protoplast cells (daucus carota) by electroporation and into plants (nicotiana tabacum) by use of the agrobacterium tumefaciens tumor-inducing plasmid. extracts ... | 1986 | 17758108 |
| content and in-vitro accessibility of pro-vitamin a carotenoids from sri lankan cooked non-leafy vegetables and their estimated contribution to vitamin a requirement. | vitamin a deficiency is a public health problem in sri lanka, which affects especially pre-school children. carrots (daucus carota), pumpkins (cucurbita maxima), squashes (cucurbita moschata) and sweet potatoes (ipomoea batatas) of orange, yellow-fleshed varieties are good sources of provitamin a carotenoids, but have not been studied in sri lanka in terms of the food as eaten. the content of carotenoids in each preparation method and the in-vitro accessibility of beta-carotene and alpha-caroten ... | 2007 | 17852483 |
| comparative expression of beta-glucuronidase with five different promoters in transgenic carrot (daucus carota l.) root and leaf tissues. | tissue-specific patterns and levels of protein expression were characterized in transgenic carrot plants transformed with the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene driven by one of five promoters: cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (35s) and double 35s (d35s), arabidopsis ubiquitin (ubq3), mannopine synthase (mas2) from agrobacterium tumefaciens or the rooting loci promoter (rold) from a. rhizogenes. five independently transformed carrot lines of each promoter construct were assessed for gus activity. in leav ... | 2008 | 17924115 |
| mitochondrial nad2 gene is co-transcripted with cms-associated orfb gene in cytoplasmic male-sterile stem mustard (brassica juncea). | the transcriptional patterns of mitochondrial respiratory related genes were investigated in cytoplasmic male-sterile and fertile maintainer lines of stem mustard, brassica juncea. there were numerous differences in nad2 (subunit 2 of nadh dehydrogenase) between stem mustard cms and its maintainer line. one novel open reading frame, hereafter named orfb gene, was located at the downstream of mitochondrial nad2 gene in the cms. the novel orfb gene had high similarity with ymf19 family protein, or ... | 2009 | 18046626 |
| mitochondrial regulation of flower development. | flower development in plants depends not only on a set of nuclear genes but also on the coordinate action of the mitochondrion. certain mitochondrial genomes in combination with certain nuclear genomes lead to the expression of cytoplasmic male-sterility (cms). both mitochondrial genes that determine male-sterility and nuclear restorer-of-fertility genes that suppress the male-sterile phenotype have been cloned. lately, the interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genes through retrograde ... | 2008 | 18054525 |
| epr as an analytical tool in assessing the mineral nutrients and irradiated food products-vegetables. | epr spectral investigations of some commonly available vegetables in south india, which are of global importance like daucus carota (carrot), cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster beans), coccinia indica (little gourd) and beta vulgaris (beet root) have been carried out. in all the vegetable samples a free radical corresponding to cellulose radical is observed. almost all the samples under investigation exhibit mn ions in different oxidation states. the temperature variation epr studies are done and ... | 2008 | 18372211 |
| cadmium accumulation in the edible parts of different cultivars of radish, raphanus sativus l., and carrot, daucus carota var. sativa, grown in a cd-contaminated soil. | cadmium accumulation among 12 cultivars of radish (raphanus sativus) and 10 cultivars of carrot (daucus carota var. sativa) was studied in a cd-contaminated soil. the cd concentration in the edible parts of radish and carrot ranged from 0.04 to 0.14 and 0.14 to 0.19 mg kg(-1) fresh weight, respectively. all the tested carrot cultivars and 33% of the tested radish cultivars exceeded the chinese allowable limit for cd. the study showed a greater scope for selecting radish cultivars than for carrot ... | 2008 | 18392549 |
| purple carrot (daucus carota l.) polyacetylenes decrease lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inflammatory proteins in macrophage and endothelial cells. | carrots ( daucus carota l.) contain phytochemicals including carotenoids, phenolics, polyacetylenes, isocoumarins, and sesquiterpenes. purple carrots also contain anthocyanins. the anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and phytochemicals from purple carrots was investigated by determining attenuation of the response to lipopolysaccharide (lps). a bioactive chromatographic fraction (sephadex lh-20) reduced lps inflammatory response. there was a dose-dependent reduction in nitric oxide production ... | 2008 | 18433135 |
| novel mechanism of modulating natural antioxidants in functional foods: involvement of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria nrrl b-30488. | the significance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) mediated increase in antioxidant potential in vegetables is yet unknown. the plant growth-promoting bacterium bacillus lentimorbus nrrl b-30488 (b-30488) mediated induction of dietary antioxidant in vegetables ( trigonella foenum-graecum, lactuca sativa, spinacia oleracea, and daucus carota) and fruit ( citrus sinensis) after minimal processing (fresh, boiled, and frozen) was tested by estimating the total phenol content, level of a ... | 2008 | 18491912 |
| a semicontinuous culture model that links cell growth to extracellular nutrient concentration. | during semicontinuous culture, a sample of fixed volume is removed at regular time intervals to make measurements and/or harvest culture components, and an equal volume of fresh medium is immediately added to the culture, thereby instantaneously enhancing nutrient concentrations and diluting cell concentration. the resulting cell concentration versus time curve (i.e., the actual cell growth curve) has a saw-toothed appearance because of the periodic dilution of cell concentration. the observed c ... | 1986 | 18553861 |
| upregulation of the promoter activity of the carrot (daucus carota) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (dcpal3) is caused by new members of the transcriptional regulatory proteins, dcerf1 and dcerf2, which bind to the gcc-box homolog and act as an activator to the dcpal3 promoter. | the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) gene, dcpal3, was expressed during the synthesis of anthocyanin in suspension-cultured cells of carrot (daucus carota). there were two putative cis-elements in the dcpal3 promoter region: the box-l and gcc-box homologs. both of these are committed to the upregulation of promoter activity. although box-l is known as the conserved cis-element present in the promoter region of most pal genes of many plant species targeted by the r2r3-myb protein, among pal gene ... | 2008 | 18584290 |
| essential oil of daucus carota subsp. halophilus: composition, antifungal activity and cytotoxicity. | essential oils are known to possess antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of bacteria and fungi. daucus carota l. is used since olden times in traditional medicine, due to recognized therapeutic properties, namely the antimicrobial activity of their essential oils. | 2008 | 18606215 |
| expression and assembly of cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) in transgenic carrot (daucus carota l.). | we expressed the cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) fused to an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (sekdel) in carrot roots using an agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. fourteen independent transgenic lines were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis after 6 months of culture. the sctb gene was detected in the genomic dna of transgenic carrot by pcr amplification. expressions and assembly of sctb protein into oligomeric structures of pentameric size were observed in transgenic plant extr ... | 2009 | 18642102 |
| functional characteristics of a tiny but specialized olfactory system: olfactory receptor neurons of carrot psyllids (homoptera: triozidae). | with only approximately 50 olfactory receptor neurons (orns), the carrot psyllid trioza apicalis (homoptera: psylloidea) may have the smallest olfactory system described in adult neopteran insects. using single sensillum recordings (ssr) and gas chromatograph-linked ssr, we characterized 4 olfactory sensilla forming a distinct morphological type, which together house approximately 25% of all orns. we recorded responses to extracts and single constituents from daucus carota ssp. sativus, from the ... | 2008 | 18653644 |
| structural responses of daucus carota root-organ cultures and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, glomus intraradices, to 12 pharmaceuticals. | pharmaceuticals and personal care products may enter the terrestrial environment through the amendment of agricultural soils with manure or biosolids with potential impacts on beneficial soil microbe populations. the beneficial symbiotic relationship between most plant species and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is a primary determinant of plant health and soil fertility. as such, there is increasing recognition of the need to study the impacts of anthropogenic stressors on plant-microbe interactio ... | 2008 | 18656230 |
| partial nucleotide sequence of a carlavirus from carrot (daucus carota l.). | | 2008 | 18751883 |
| lowering of intraocular pressure by topical application of daucus carota seed extract in rabbits. | in normotensive rabbits topical application of daucus carota seed extract at the concentration of 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2% resulted in mean iop reduction of 19.33. 23.20 and 25.61% respectively from baseline. as no significant difference was observed between the change in iop in 0.6 and 1.2% extract treated groups, 0.6% concentration was chosen for further evaluation in rabbits with experimentally elevated iop. in water loaded rabbits, maximum mean iop reduction with 0.6% extract was 29.39%, which was ... | 2008 | 18807759 |
| use of heteroduplex mobility assay for identification and differentiation of phytoplasmas in the aster yellows group and the clover proliferation group. | abstract this paper describes the identification and differentiation of phytoplasmas by a highly sensitive diagnostic technique, dna heteroduplex mobility assay (hma). closely related phytoplasma isolates of clover proliferation (cp), potato witches'-broom (pwb), and alfalfa witches'-broom (awb) were collected from the field from 1990 to 1999. the entire 16s rrna gene and 16/23s spacer region were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from the field samples and standard cp, pwb, and awb p ... | 2001 | 18943942 |
| long-term biosanitation by application of coniothyrium minitans on sclerotinia sclerotiorum-infected crops. | abstract the effect of the fungal mycoparasite coniothyrium minitans applied as a spray to crops infected with sclerotinia sclerotiorum (causal agent of white mold) on contamination of soil with s. sclerotiorum sclerotia was studied in a 5-year field experiment. sclerotial survival also was monitored during two subsequent years, when the field was returned to commercial agriculture. in a randomized block design, factorial combinations of four crops and three treatments were repeated 10 times. po ... | 1999 | 18944788 |
| a small rna resembling the beet western yellows luteovirus st9-associated rna is a component of the california carrot motley dwarf complex. | abstract virions were purified from anthriscus cerefolium or coriandrum sativum plants infected with the viruses that cause california carrot motley dwarf. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of virion preparations yielded a single prominent protein species of approximately 28,000 molecular weight; however, denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis showed that virions contained three prominent single-stranded rnas of approximately 5.6, 4.2, and 2.8 kb. northern hybridization a ... | 1998 | 18944986 |
| chemical characterization and biological activity of essential oils from daucus carota l. subsp. carota growing wild on the mediterranean coast and on the atlantic coast. | the essential oils and supercritical co(2) extracts of wild daucus carota l. subsp. carota growing spontaneously in sardinia and in portugal were investigated. the main components in the sardinian essential oil of flowering and mature umbels with seeds are beta-bisabolene (17.6-51.0%) and 11-alpha-(h)-himachal-4-en-1-beta-ol (9.0-21.6%); instead, the oils from portuguese samples are predominantly composed of geranyl acetate (5.2-65.0%) and alpha-pinene (3.5-37.9%). supercritical extracts contain ... | 2009 | 18950693 |
| dna analysis of a radiotolerant bacterium pantoea agglomerans by ft-ir spectroscopy. | a radiation tolerance strain, pantoea agglomerans was isolated from gamma-irradiated carrot samples (daucus carota). d(10) determination showed that the radioresistance of this bacterium is five-fold higher than escherichia coli, both belonging to the family of enterobacteriaceae. dna isolated from untreated and irradiated bacterial cells was analyzed by ft-ir spectroscopy to investigate the radiotolerance of this bacterium. at doses <5kgy, an alteration of the interbase hydrogen networks was ob ... | 2007 | 19071550 |
| characterization of a deep-coverage carrot (daucus carota l.) bac library and initial analysis of bac-end sequences. | carrot is the most economically important member of the apiaceae family and a major source of provitamin a carotenoids in the human diet. however, carrot molecular resources are relatively underdeveloped, hampering a number of genetic studies. here, we report on the synthesis and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library of carrot. the library is 17.3-fold redundant and consists of 92,160 clones with an average insert size of 121 kb. to provide an overview of the compos ... | 2009 | 19104839 |
| production of the p24 capsid protein from hiv-1 subtype c in arabidopsis thaliana and daucus carota using an endoplasmic reticulum-directing sekdel sequence in protein expression constructs. | an optimized gene expression construct was designed in order to increase the accumulation of the hiv-1 subtype c p24 protein in arabidopsis thaliana and carrot (daucus carota) plants. an er retention signal was introduced into the genetic construct generating a p24 protein containing a sekdel amino acid sequence at its c-terminus. mature a. thaliana plants and carrot cells were transformed using agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the improved pgreen0229/p24_sekdel vector. several transgenic plan ... | 2009 | 19167502 |
| ginsenoside rb1 in asymmetric somatic hybrid calli of daucus carota with panax quinquefolius. | american ginseng (panax quinquefolius l.) is one of the most valuable herbs in the world. its major active components are ginsenosides. in order to produce ginsenoside heterogeneously, somatic hybridization, a novel approach for genetic introgression, was employed in this study. protoplasts derived from respective calli of carrot (daucus carota var. sativus hoffm.) and american ginseng (p. quinquefolius l.) were used as the fusion partners. hybrid calli derived from single cell lines containing ... | 2009 | 19199101 |
| survey of crop losses in response to phytoparasitic nematodes in the united states for 1994. | previous reports of crop losses to plant-parasitic nematodes have relied on published results of survey data based on certain commodities, including tobacco, peanuts, cotton, and soybean. reports on crop-loss assessment by land-grant universities and many commodity groups generally are no longer available, with the exception of the university of georgia, the beltwide cotton conference, and selected groups concerned with soybean. the society of nematologists extension committee contacted extensio ... | 1999 | 19270925 |
| damage to italian crops caused by cyst-forming nematodes. | investigations were undertaken in 1982-88 to estimate yield losses of carrot, sugarbeet, wheat, and potato caused by cyst-forming nematodes (heterodera and globodera species) in several provinces of italy. soil samples were collected at planting in 0.5-ha sampling areas distributed in each crop's major production area. yield loss estimates were based on nematode population estimates and on curves derived earlier relating nematode densities with crop yields in italy. estimated yield loss values w ... | 1993 | 19279850 |
| effect of combining soil solarization with certain nematicides on target and nontarget organisms and plant growth. | field experiments compared pesticidal and plant growth effects of soil solarization, alone and in combination, with overall applications of several nematicides. nematodes, including meloidogyne incognita j2, that were targeted for control were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by solarization, 1,3-dichloropropene (44 and 132 liter/ha), ethoprop (13.5 kg/ha), metham sodium (64 liter/ha), formaldehyde (111 liter/ha), and by solarization-nematicide combinations. control of pythium ultimum also was o ... | 1987 | 19290287 |
| expression of rabies virus g protein in carrots (daucus carota). | antigens derived from various pathogens can readily be synthesized at high levels in plants in their authentic forms. such antigens administered orally can induce an immune response and, in some cases, result in protection against a subsequent challenge. we here report the expression of rabies virus g protein into carrots. the g gene was subcloned into the pucpssrabg vector and then used to transform carrot embryogenic cells by particle bombardment. the carrot cells were selected in liquid mediu ... | 2009 | 19479338 |
| identification and characterization of bzip-type transcription factors involved in carrot (daucus carota l.) somatic embryogenesis. | seed dormancy is an important adaptive trait that enables seeds of many species to remain quiescent until conditions become favorable for germination. abscisic acid (aba) plays an important role in these developmental processes. like dormancy and germination, the elongation of carrot somatic embryo radicles is retarded by sucrose concentrations at or above 6%, and normal growth resumes at sucrose concentrations below 3%. using a yeast one-hybrid screening system, we isolated two bzip-type transc ... | 2009 | 19519801 |
| flower and root oils of the tunisian daucus carota l. ssp. maritimus (apiaceae): integrated analyses by gc, gc/ms, and 13c-nmr spectroscopy, and in vitro antibacterial activity. | the essential oils from flowers and roots of daucus carota l. ssp. maritimus were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by combination of gc, gc/ms, and (13)c-nmr. the chemical composition of the flower and root oils of this subspecies is reported here for the first time. thirty-two and six compounds were identified in flower and root oils, respectively. a remarkable difference was found between the constituent percentages of the two organs. the chemical composition of the essential oil fro ... | 2009 | 19551729 |
| genetic and physiological determinants of streptomyces scabies pathogenicity. | summary common scab is a severe disease worldwide affecting tap root crops and potato tubers. it is caused by soil-borne filamentous bacteria belonging to the genus streptomyces. streptomycetes usually are saprophytic microorganisms, but a few species have acquired the ability to infect underground plant tissues. the predominant causal agent of potato scab worldwide is streptomyces scabies. the production of phytotoxins called thaxtomins is essential for the virulence of common scab-causing agen ... | 2009 | 19694949 |
| transmission of different isolates of spiroplasma citri to carrot and citrus by circulifer tenellus (hemiptera: cicadellidae). | carrot purple leaf disease was first reported in 2006 in the state of washington and was associated with spiroplasma citri. the disease also was reported in california in 2008. the objectives of this work were to fulfill koch's postulates and to determine 1) whether the beet leafhopper, circulifer tenellus (baker) (hemiptera: cicadellidae), transmits carrot [daucus carota l. subsp. sativus (hoffm.) arcang] isolates of s. citri; and 2) whether carrot and citrus [citrus sinensis (l.) osb.]-derived ... | 2009 | 19736751 |
| broad-spectrum disease resistance to necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens in transgenic carrots (daucus carota l.) expressing an arabidopsis npr1 gene. | the development of transgenic plants highly resistant to a range of pathogens using traditional signal gene expression strategies has been largely ineffective. modification of systemic acquired resistance (sar) through the overexpression of a controlling gene such as npr1 (non-expressor of pr genes) offers an attractive alternative for augmenting the plants innate defense system. the arabidopsis (at) npr1 gene was successfully introduced into 'nantes coreless' carrot under control of a camv 35s ... | 2009 | 19859731 |
| structure of the major carrot allergen dau c 1. | dau c 1 is a major allergen of carrot (daucus carota) which displays ige cross-reactivity with the homologous major birch-pollen allergen bet v 1. the crystal structure of dau c 1 has been determined to a resolution of 2.7 a, revealing tight dimers. the structure of dau c 1 is similar to those of the major allergens from celery, api g 1, and birch pollen, bet v 1. electron density has been observed in the hydrophobic cavity of each monomer and has been modelled with polyethylene glycol oligomers ... | 2009 | 19923716 |
| two new guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids from the fruits of daucus carota l. | two new guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids containing an interesting epoxy unit, daucuside (1) and daucusol (2) were isolated from the fruits of daucus carota l. their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of ms, nmr spectroscopic analyses coupled with chemical degradation and they were also evaluated for the cytotoxic effects against two human gastric cancer cell lines bgc-823 and ags. | 2010 | 20060880 |
| one new guaiane-type sesquiterpene glycoside from the fruits of daucus carota l. | a new guaiane-type sesquiterpene glycoside, torilolone 8-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (1), together with a known analogue compound, torilolone 11-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (2), was isolated from the fruits of daucus carota l. their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of ms, nmr spectroscopic analyses coupled with chemical degradation. the cytotoxic activities of two isolated compounds were evaluated against two human gastric cancer cell lines bgc-823 and ags using mtt assay. | 2010 | 20187582 |
| deposition of carotenoids in egg yolk by short-term supplement of coloured carrot (daucus carota) varieties as forage material for egg-laying hens. | supplying egg-laying hens with different forage materials may influence egg production and quality. the aim of this study was to examine the short-term effects of standard feed plus 70 g day(-1) per hen of three coloured carrot varieties (orange, yellow and purple) as forage material in comparison with a standard feed control on egg production, egg yolk colour and deposition of carotenoids in the yolk. | 2010 | 20393997 |
| enhanced disease resistance in transgenic carrot (daucus carota l.) plants over-expressing a rice cationic peroxidase. | plant class iii peroxidases are involved in numerous responses related to pathogen resistance including controlling hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) levels and lignin formation. peroxidases catalyze the oxidation of organic compounds using h(2)o(2) as an oxidant. we examined the mechanisms of disease resistance in a transgenic carrot line (p23) which constitutively over-expresses the rice cationic peroxidase osprx114 (previously known as po-c1) and which exhibits enhanced resistance to necrotrophic ... | 2010 | 20730544 |
| effect of carrot (daucus carota) microstructure on carotene bioaccessibility in the upper gastrointestinal tract. 2. in vivo digestions. | nutrient bioaccessibility and subsequent absorption will be directly influenced by changes in food structure during gastrointestinal processing. the accompanying paper (tydeman et al. j. agric. food chem. 2010, 58, doi: 10.1021/jf101034a) reported results on the effect of carrot processing on the release of carotene into lipid phases during in vitro gastric and small intestinal digestions. this paper describes results from in vivo digestion of two of the types of processed carrot used previously ... | 2010 | 20806973 |
| association of "candidatus liberibacter solanacearum" with the psyllid, trioza apicalis (hemiptera: triozidae) in europe. | the psyllid trioza apicalis förster (hemiptera: triozidae) is a serious pest of carrots, daucus carota l., in europe. carrots exhibiting symptoms of psyllid damage were observed in commercial fields in southern finland in 2008. symptoms in affected plants included leaf curling, yellow and purple discoloration of leaves, stunted growth of shoots and roots, and proliferation of secondary roots. mechanisms by which t. apicalis induces symptoms in plants are not understood, and no plant pathogens ha ... | 2010 | 20857712 |
| development and in-house validation of allergen-specific elisa tests for the quantification of dau c 1.01, dau c 1.02 and dau c 4 in carrot extracts (daucus carota). | even though carrot allergy is common in europe, the amount of different allergens in carrots is still unknown due to a lack of methods for quantitative allergen measurements. the current study aimed at the development of quantitative elisa tests for the known carrot allergens, namely dau c 1.01, dau c 1.02, and dau c 4 in pure carrot extracts. monoclonal antibodies targeting the major carrot allergen isoforms dau c 1.01 and dau c 1.02 were generated and combined in sandwich elisa with rabbit ant ... | 2010 | 21046078 |
| high-level expression of human interferon alpha-2b in transgenic carrot (daucus carota l.) plants. | in this study, we report the obtaining of carrot plants expressing human interferon alpha-2b via agrobacterium-mediated transformation using two vector constructs containing the sequence coding for interferon gene fused with nicotiana plumbagenifolia calreticulin apoplast targeting signal driven by 35s camv promoter and root-specific mll promoter. the human interferon alpha-2b gene was correctly translated in carrot plants according to western blot analysis. the recombinant protein exhibited ant ... | 2010 | 21046110 |