Publications

impact and correlation of environmental conditions on pollen counts in karachi, pakistan.	a quantitative and qualitative survey of airborne pollen was performed in the city of karachi, and the pollen counts were correlated with different climatic conditions. the aim of the study was to determine the possible effect of meteorological factors on airborne pollen distribution in the atmosphere of karachi city. pollen sampling was carried out by using burkard spore trap for the period of august 2009 to july 2010, and a total of 2,922 pollen grains/m(3) were recorded. in this survey, 22 po ...	2015	25530143
barcoding melting curve analysis for rapid, sensitive, and discriminating authentication of saffron (crocus sativus l.) from its adulterants.	saffron (crocus sativus l.) is one of the most important and expensive medicinal spice products in the world. because of its high market value and premium price, saffron is often adulterated through the incorporation of other materials, such as carthamus tinctorius l. and calendula officinalis l. flowers, hemerocallis l. petals, daucus carota l. fleshy root, curcuma longa l. rhizomes, zea may l., and nelumbo nucifera gaertn. stigmas. to develop a straightforward, nonsequencing method for rapid, ...	2014	25548775
carrot cells: a pioneering platform for biopharmaceuticals production.	carrot (daucus carota l.) is of importance in the molecular farming field as it constitutes the first plant species approved to produce biopharmaceuticals for human use. in this review, features that make carrot an advantageous species in the molecular farming field are analyzed and a description of the developments achieved with this crop thus far is presented. a guide for genetic transformation procedures is also included. the state of the art comprises ten vaccine prototypes against measles v ...	2015	25572939
ethnopharmacological approach to the herbal medicines of the "antidotes" in nikolaos myrepsos׳ dynameron.	this paper focuses on the plants quoted in the recipes of the first chapter entitled "about the antidotes" belonging to the first and largest section "element alpha" of nikolaos myrepsos׳ dynameron, a medieval medical manuscript. nikolaos myrepsos was a byzantine physician at the court of john iii doukas vatatzes at nicaea (13th century). he wrote in greek a rich collection of 2667 recipes, the richest number known in late byzantine era, conventionally known as dynameron and divided into 24 sect ...	2015	25596353
daucus carota pentane-based fractions suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma ht-29 cells by inhibiting the mapk and pi3k pathways.	daucus carota l. ssp. carota (apiacea, wild carrot, queen anne's lace) has been used in folk medicine throughout the world and recently was shown to possess anticancer and antioxidant activities. this study aims to determine the anticancer activity of the pentane fraction (f1) and the 1:1 pentane:diethyl ether fraction (f2) of the daucus carota oil extract (dcoe) against human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (ht-29 and caco-2). treatment of cells with various concentrations of f1 or f2 fractions ...	2015	25599142
removal notice to "protective effect of daucus carota against uv-dmba induced skin cancer in mice" [chem. biol. interact. 219 (2014) 48-56].		2014	25606606
male sterility in arabidopsis induced by overexpression of a myc5-srdx chimeric repressor.	jasmonate hormone (ja) plays critical roles in both plant defense and reproductive development. arabidopsis thaliana plants deficient in ja-biosynthesis or -signaling are male-sterile, with defects in stamen and pollen development. myc2, myc3 and myc4 are jaz-interacting bhlh transcription factors that play a major role in controlling ja responses in vegetative tissue, but are not likely to play a role in reproductive tissue. we found that a closely related transcription factor, myc5 (bhlh28), w ...	2015	25627909
wild carrot oil extract is selectively cytotoxic to human acute myeloid leukemia cells.	in this study, we used daucus carota oil extract (dcoe) to target acute myeloid leukemia (aml) cells. all the aml cell lines tested were sensitive to the extract while peripheral mononuclear cells were not. analysis of mechanism of cell death showed an increase in cells positive for annexinv and for active caspases, indicating that dcoe induces apoptotic cell death in aml. inhibition of the mapk pathway decreased sensitivity of aml cells to dcoe, indicating that cytotoxicity may be dependent on ...	2015	25684522
two new eudesmane-type glucopyranosides from the fruits of daucus carota l.	two new eudesmane-type glucopyranosides have been isolated from the fruits of daucus carota l. on the basis of their spectroscopic and chemical evidence, the new compounds were elucidated as daucucarotol-10-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and decahydro-7-[(2-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-isopropyl]-1β,4aα-dimethyl-(1α,4α,8aβ)-naphthalenetriol (2). compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate antitumour activity against human eca-109 and gave ic50 values of 23.22 and 26.76 μm, respectively.	2015	25686649
cyanidin and malvidin in aqueous extracts of black carrots fermented with aspergillus oryzae prevent the impairment of energy, lipid and glucose metabolism in estrogen-deficient rats by ampk activation.	black carrots (daucus carota l.) are rich in anthocyanins which contribute many health benefits, but are limited by bioavailability and instability when exposed to oxygen, heat and light. fermenting black carrots may improve the stability, absorption and bioactivity of its anthocyanins. here, we examined whether and by what mechanisms the long-term consumption of unfermented black carrot extract (bc) and its extracts fermented with lactobacillus plantarum (bclp) or aspergillus oryzae (bcao) migh ...	2015	25701199
cross-talk between signaling pathways: the link between plant secondary metabolite production and wounding stress response.	plants subjected to wounding stress produce secondary metabolites. several of these metabolites prevent chronic diseases and can be used as colorants, flavors, and as antimicrobials. this wound-induced production of plant secondary metabolites is mediated by signaling-molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ros), ethylene (et) and jasmonic acid (ja). however, their specific role and interactions that modulate the wound-respond in plants is not fully understood. in the present study, a subtrac ...	2015	25712739
modeling the transfer of arsenic from soil to carrot (daucus carota l.)--a greenhouse and field-based study.	reliable empirical models describing arsenic (as) transfer in soil-plant systems are needed to estimate the human as burden from dietary intake. a greenhouse experiment was conducted in parallel with a field trial located at three sites through china to develop and validate soil-plant transfer models to predict as concentrations in carrot (daucus carota l.). stepwise multiple linear regression relationships were based on soil properties and the pseudo total (aqua regia) or available (0.5 m nahco ...	2015	25750050
influence of cultivar and harvest year on the volatile profiles of leaves and roots of carrots (daucus carota spp. sativus hoffm.).	the focus of the present work centers on the diversity of volatile patterns of carrots. in total 15 main volatiles were semiquantified in leaves and roots using isolation by headspace solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography with fid and ms detection. significant differences in the main number of compounds were detected between the cultivars as well as the years. genotype-environment interactions (g × e) are discussed. the most abundant metabolites, β-myrcene (leaves) and terpi ...	2015	25797828
antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the oil fractions from wild carrot (daucus carota ssp. carota).	wild carrot, daucus carota l. ssp. carota (apiacae), is widely distributed throughout the world and has various uses in traditional medicine in lebanon.	2015	25856705
design and application of a biphasic system that enhances productivity of daucus carota-catalyzed asymmetric reduction.	to develop a biphasic system for use in plant tissue-mediated biotransformations to overcome the low water solubilities of substrates and inhibitory effects of products.	2015	25893325
transfer model of lead in soil-carrot (daucus carota l.) system and food safety thresholds in soil.	reliable empirical models describing lead (pb) transfer in soil-plant systems are needed to improve soil environmental quality standards. a greenhouse experiment was conducted to develop soil-plant transfer models to predict pb concentrations in carrot (daucus carota l.). soil thresholds for food safety were then derived inversely using the prediction model in view of the maximum allowable limit for pb in food. the 2 most important soil properties that influenced carrot pb uptake factor (ratio o ...	2015	25904232
identification and characterization of terpene synthases potentially involved in the formation of volatile terpenes in carrot (daucus carota l.) roots.	plants produce an excess of volatile organic compounds, which are important in determining the quality and nutraceutical properties of fruit and root crops, including the taste and aroma of carrots (daucus carota l.). a combined chemical, biochemical, and molecular study was conducted to evaluate the differential accumulation of volatile terpenes in a diverse collection of fresh carrots (d. carota l.). here, we report on a transcriptome-based identification and functional characterization of two ...	2015	25924989
actinorugispora endophytica gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from daucus carota.	an actinomycete strain, designated yim 690008t, was isolated from daucus carota collected from south korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. the strain grew well on most media tested and no diffusible pigment was produced. the aerial mycelium formed wrinkled single spores and short spore chains, some of which were branched. the whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose, ribose, galactose and rhamnose. the predominant me ...	2015	25948617
transgenic carrot expressing fusion protein comprising m. tuberculosis antigens induces immune response in mice.	tuberculosis remains one of the major infectious diseases, which continues to pose a major global health problem. transgenic plants may serve as bioreactors to produce heterologous proteins including antibodies, antigens, and hormones. in the present study, a genetic construct has been designed that comprises the mycobacterium tuberculosis genes cfp10, esat6 and difn gene, which encode deltaferon, a recombinant analog of the human γ-interferon designed for expression in plant tissues. this const ...	2015	25949997
regulation of ascorbic acid biosynthesis and recycling during root development in carrot (daucus carota l.).	ascorbic acid (asa), also known as vitamin c, is an essential nutrient in fruits and vegetables. the fleshy root of carrot (daucus carota l.) is a good source of asa for humans. however, the metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the control of asa content during root development in carrot have not been elucidated. to gain insights into the regulation of asa accumulation and to identify the key genes involved in the asa metabolism, we cloned and analyzed the expression of 21 rel ...	2015	25956452
polyacetylenes from carrots (daucus carota) improve glucose uptake in vitro in adipocytes and myotubes.	a dichloromethane (dcm) extract of carrot roots was found to stimulate insulin-dependent glucose uptake (gu) in adipocytes in a dose dependent manner. bioassay-guided fractionation of the dcm extract resulted in the isolation of the polyacetylenes falcarinol and falcarindiol. both polyacetylenes were able to significantly stimulate basal and/or insulin-dependent gu in 3t3-l1 adipocytes and porcine myotube cell cultures in a dose-dependent manner. falcarindiol increased peroxisome proliferator-ac ...	2015	25970571
genome-wide analysis of ap2/erf transcription factors in carrot (daucus carota l.) reveals evolution and expression profiles under abiotic stress.	ap2/erf is a large transcription factor family that regulates plant physiological processes, such as plant development and stress response. carrot (daucus carota l.) is an important economical crop with a genome size of 480 mb; the draft genome sequencing of this crop has been completed by our group. however, little is known about the ap2/erf factors in carrot. in this study, a total of 267 putative ap2/erf factors were identified from the whole-genome sequence of carrot. these ap2/erf proteins ...	2015	25971861
influence of different processing and storage conditions on in vitro bioaccessibility of polyphenols in black carrot jams and marmalades.	black carrot is indicated to play an important role in nutrition, as it comprises a variety of health-promoting components, including polyphenols. the objective of the present study was to monitor the stability of total phenolics, antioxidant capacity and phenolic acids in black carrot jams and marmalades after processing, storage and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were determined using spectrophotometric methods, whereas phenolic acids were ...	2015	25976794
the impact of fermentation with exopolysaccharide producing lactic acid bacteria on rheological, chemical and sensory properties of pureed carrots (daucus carota l.).	fermentation with lactic acid bacteria (lab) offers a natural means to modify technological and nutritional properties of foods and food ingredients. this study explored the impact of fermentation with different exopolysaccharide (eps) producing lab on rheological, chemical and sensory properties of puréed carrots in water, as a vegetable model, with the focus on texture formation. the screening of 37 lab strains for starter selection revealed 16 lactobacillus, leuconostoc and weissella strains ...	2015	26001525
ethnomedicinal plants of shankaracharya hill, srinagar, j&k, india.	primitive human societies have always relied on plants and plant products for various remedies. in certain areas, these folk medical prescriptions are endemic and have survived through ages from one generation to the next through word of mouth. they do not exist as written knowledge. the present study was undertaken with an objective of documenting the ethnobotanical information of medicinal plants of shankaracharya hill by taking the help of local herbalists, elderly and knowledgeable people.	2015	26008867
daucus carota pentane/diethyl ether fraction inhibits motility and reduces invasion of cancer cells.	daucus carota (dc) is a herb used in folklore medicine in lebanon to treat numerous diseases including cancer. recent studies in our laboratory on dc oil and its fractions revealed potent anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo. the present study aims to investigate the effect of the most potent dc fraction, pentane/diethyl ether (50:50), on lung, skin, breast and glioblastoma cancer cell motility and invasion. upon treatment, a pronounced decrease in cancer cell motility was observed in the ...	2014	26088465
espresso coffee residues as a nitrogen amendment for small-scale vegetable production.	espresso coffee grounds constitute a residue which is produced daily in considerable amounts, and is often pointed out as being potentially interesting for plant nutrition. two experiments (incubations and field experiments) were carried out to evaluate the potential nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) supply for carrot (daucus carota l.), spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) and lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) nutrition.	2015	26123995
analysis of the thermal degradation of the individual anthocyanin compounds of black carrot (daucus carota l.): a new approach using high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.	the black carrot dye is a mixture of cyanidin molecules, the nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectrum of which shows a highly overlapped aromatic region. in this study, the (1)h nmr (800 mhz) aromatic chemical shifts of the mixture were fully assigned by overlaying them with the characterized (1)h nmr chemical shifts of the separated compounds. the latter were isolated using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc), and their chemical shifts were identified using (1)h and ...	2015	26160425
evaluation of combined disinfection methods for reducing escherichia coli o157:h7 population on fresh-cut vegetables.	most current disinfection strategies for fresh-cut industry are focused on the use of different chemical agents; however, very little has been reported on the effectiveness of the hurdle technology. the effect of combined decontamination methods based on the use of different sanitizers (peroxyacetic acid and chlorine dioxide) and the application of pressure (vacuum/positive pressure) on the inactivation of the foodborne pathogen e. coli o157:h7 on fresh-cut lettuce (lactuca sativa) and carrots ( ...	2015	26213954
ecotoxicity of neutral red (dye) and its environmental applications.	neutral red (nr) is a synthetic phenazine with promising prospect in environmental biotechnology as an electron shuttle. recently, nr injections into coal seam associated groundwater in australia (final dissolved nr concentration: 8 µm ± 0.2) were shown to increase methanogenesis up to ten-fold. however, information about nr toxicity to ecological receptors is sorely lacking. the main aim of this study was to investigate the concentration dependent toxicity of nr in microorganisms and plants. ac ...	2015	26247897
bioaccessibility of polyphenols from plant-processing byproducts of black carrot (daucus carota l.).	plant-processing byproducts of black carrot represent an important disposal problem for the industry; however, they are also promising sources of polyphenols, especially anthocyanins. the present study focused on the changes in polyphenols from black carrot, peel, and pomace during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. total phenolic content (tpc), total monomeric anthocyanin content (tmac), and total antioxidant capacity (tac) were determined using spectrophotometric methods, whereas identificat ...	2016	26262673
the complete chloroplast genome of north american ginseng, panax quinquefolius.	we report complete nucleotide sequence of the panax quinquefolius chloroplast genome using next-generation sequencing technology. the genome size is 156 359 bp, including two inverted repeats (irs) of 52 153 bp, separated by the large single-copy (lsc 86 184 bp) and small single-copy (ssc 18 081 bp) regions. this cp genome encodes 114 unigenes (80 protein-coding genes, four rrna genes, and 30 trna genes), in which 18 are duplicated in the ir regions. overall gc content of the genome is 38.08%. a ...	2015	26273918
pervasive mitochondrial sequence heteroplasmy in natural populations of wild carrot, daucus carota spp. carota l.	exceptions to the generally accepted rules that plant mitochondrial genomes are strictly maternally inherited and that within-individual sequence diversity in those genomes, i.e., heteroplasmy, should be minimal are becoming increasingly apparent especially with regard to sequence-level heteroplasmy. these findings raise questions about the potential significance of such heteroplasmy for plant mitochondrial genome evolution. still studies quantifying the amount and consequences of sequence heter ...	2015	26295342
the complete chloroplast genome of north american ginseng, panax quinquefolius.	we report complete nucleotide sequence of the panax quinquefolius chloroplast genome using next-generation sequencing technology. the genome size is 156 359 bp, including two inverted repeats (irs) of 52 153 bp, separated by the large single-copy (lsc 86 184 bp) and small single-copy (ssc 18 081 bp) regions. this cp genome encodes 114 unigenes (80 protein-coding genes, four rrna genes, and 30 trna genes), in which 18 are duplicated in the ir regions. overall gc content of the genome is 38.08%. a ...	2015	26309073
the dual role of phytoene synthase genes in carotenogenesis in carrot roots and leaves.	carrot (daucus carota l.) is an important food crop and is useful for studying carotenogenesis due to the quantity and diversity of carotenoids in its roots. phytoene synthase catalyzes the first committed step in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, and its overexpression is the main driving force in the orange phenotype. at present, we lack fundamental knowledge of the role of these genes and their effects on carotenoid accumulation in leaves. in the present study, three backcross inbred lines ...	2014	26316840
redirection of metabolite biosynthesis from hydroxybenzoates to volatile terpenoids in green hairy roots of daucus carota.	a metabolic shift in green hairy root cultures of carrot from phenylpropanoid/benzenoid biosynthesis toward volatile isoprenoids was observed when compared with the metabolite profile of normal hairy root cultures. hairy roots cultures of daucus carota turned green under continuous illumination, while the content of the major phenolic compound p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-hba) was reduced to half as compared to normal hairy roots cultured in darkness. p-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase (hbd) activi ...	2016	26403287
bioaccumulation of antimony and arsenic in vegetables and health risk assessment in the superlarge antimony-mining area, china.	heavy metal pollution in soils caused by mining and smelting has attracted worldwide attention for its potential health risks to residents. this paper studies the concentrations and accumulations of sb and as in both soils and vegetables and the human health risks of sb and as in vegetables from xikuangshan (xks) sb mine, hunan, china. results showed that the soils were severely polluted by sb and as; sb and as have significant positive correlation. sb and as concentrations in vegetables were qu ...	2015	26442167
bioactive c₁₇-polyacetylenes in carrots (daucus carota l.): current knowledge and future perspectives.	c17-polyacetylenes (pas) are a prominent group of oxylipins and are primarily produced by plants of the families apiaceae, araliaceae, and asteraceae, respectively. recent studies on the biological activity of polyacetylenes have indicated their potential to improve human health due to anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and serotogenic effects. these findings suggest targeting vegetables with elevated levels of bisacetylenic oxylipins, such as falcarinol, by breeding studi ...	2015	26451696
metabolomics of daucus carota cultured cell lines under stressing conditions reveals interactions between phenolic compounds.	a metabolomic approach followed by principal components and partial least square analysis was used for investigating the effect of environmental factors on two daucus carota l. cv. flakkese cell lines (r3m and r4g), selected for their ability to produce anthocyanins in the light and the dark, respectively. a positive correlation between total anthocyanin, hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid accumulation was found in both lines. furthermore, the experimental design and the combination of bioc ...	2009	26493146
larvicidal and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of apiaceae plant essential oils and their constituents against aedes albopictus and formulation development.	this study evaluated the larvicidal activity of 12 apiaceae plant essential oils and their components against the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, and the inhibition of acetylcholine esterase with their components. of the 12 plant essential oils tested, ajowan (trachyspermum ammi), caraway seed (carum carvi), carrot seed (daucus carota), celery (apium graveolens), cumin (cuminum cyminum), dill (anethum graveolens), and parsley (petroselinum sativum) resulted in >90% larval mortality when ...	2015	26500081
genetic and phenological variation of tocochromanol (vitamin e) content in wild (daucus carota l. var. carota) and domesticated carrot (d. carota l. var. sativa).	carrot roots (daucus carota l. var. sativa) produce tocochromanol compounds, collectively known as vitamin e. however, little is known about their types and amounts. here we determined the range and variation in types and amounts of tocochromanols in a variety of cultivated carrot accessions throughout carrot postharvest storage and reproductive stages and in wild-type roots (daucus carota l. var. carota). of eight possible tocochromanol compounds, we detected and quantified α-, and the combined ...	2014	26504534
eating quality of carrots (daucus carota l.) grown in one conventional and three organic cropping systems over three years.	the eating quality of carrots (daucus carota l.) was investigated to evaluate the impact of cropping systems (one conventional and three organic systems) and growing years (2007, 2008, and 2009) on root size, chemical composition, and sensory quality. the content of dry matter, sugars, polyacetylenes, and terpenes as well as the sensory quality and root size were related to the climate during the three growing years. a higher global radiation and a higher temperature sum in 2009 as compared to 2 ...	2015	26513153
combined effect of water loss and wounding stress on gene activation of metabolic pathways associated with phenolic biosynthesis in carrot.	the application of postharvest abiotic stresses is an effective strategy to activate the primary and secondary metabolism of plants inducing the accumulation of antioxidant phenolic compounds. in the present study, the effect of water stress applied alone and in combination with wounding stress on the activation of primary (shikimic acid) and secondary (phenylpropanoid) metabolic pathways related with the accumulation of phenolic compound in plants was evaluated. carrot (daucus carota) was used ...	2015	26528305
assessment of pectinase production by bacillus mojavensis i4 using an economical substrate and its potential application in oil sesame extraction.	carrot (daucus carota) peels, local agricultural waste product, is rich in lignocellulolytic material, including pectin which can act as an inducer of pectinase production. pectinolytic enzymes production by bacillus mojavensis i4 was studied in liquid state fermentation using carrot peel as a substrate. medium composition and culture conditions for the pectinase production by i4 were optimized using two statistical methods: taguchi design was applied to find the key ingredients and conditions f ...	2015	26604345
isolation, purification and characterization of two laccases from carrot (daucus carota l.) and their response to abiotic and metal ions stresses.	laccases, which belong to the blue copper oxidase enzyme family, oxidize many organic and inorganic compounds. the laccase-encoding genes dclac1 and dclac2 were isolated from the economically important tuberous root carrot, and their proteins were successfully expressed and purified using the escherichia coli expression system bl21(de3). dclac1 and dclac2 had molecular masses of approximately 64 and 61.9 kda, respectively. with 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate acid) as the substr ...	2015	26626349
accurate mass gc/lc-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry analysis of fatty acids and triacylglycerols of spicy fruits from the apiaceae family.	the triacylglycerol (tag) structure and the regio-stereospecific distribution of fatty acids (fa) of seed oils from most of the apiaceae family are not well documented. the tag structure ultimately determines the final physical properties of the oils and the position of fas in the tag molecule affects the digestion; absorption and metabolism; and physical and technological properties of tags. fixed oils from the fruits of dill (anethum graveolens), caraway (carum carvi), cumin (cuminum cyminum), ...	2015	26633337
a novel in vivo β carotene biosensor for heavy metals detection.	a novel whole cell-based biosensor was constructed using daucus carota cell as a biological component, with in vivo β-carotene as a reporter group. in this biosensor, the cells were immobilized using agarose gel, and change in in vivo β-carotene, before and after exposure of cells to heavy metals was noted using spectrophotometer at λ = 450 nm. biosensor was found to operate at its optimum condition using cells from day-14 culture with density of 8 x 10(5) cells/cuvette, and immobilized with 0.5 ...	2015	26688961
differential pigment accumulation in carrot leaves and roots during two growing periods.	carotenoids are important secondary metabolites involved in plant growth and nutritional quality of vegetable crops. these pigments are highly accumulated in carrot root, but knowledge about the impact of environmental factors on their accumulation is limited. the purpose of this work was to investigate the impact of environmental variations on carotenoid accumulation in carrot leaves and roots. in this work, carrots were grown during two contrasting periods to maximize bioclimatic differences. ...	2016	26752004
evaluation of native plant flower characteristics for conservation biological control of prays oleae.	several studies have shown that manipulating flowering weeds within an agroecosystem can have an important role in pest control by natural enemies, by providing them nectar and pollen, which are significant sources of nutrition for adults. the aim of this study was to assess if the olive moth, prays oleae (bernard, 1788) (lepidoptera: praydidae), and five of its main natural enemies, the parasitoid species chelonus elaeaphilus silvestri (hymenoptera: braconidae), apanteles xanthostigma (haliday) ...	2016	26780918
the incidence and distribution of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat vegetables in south-western nigeria.	the study investigated the incidence of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (rte) vegetables: (cucumber, cucumis sativas; cabbage, brassica olerecea; carrot, daucus carota; tomato, solanum lycopersicum; lettuce, lactuca sativa) in six states in south-western nigeria. a total of 555 composite samples were collected from 30 traditional markets within the states and only 244 l. monocytogenes species were isolated by standard methods. the incidence of l. monocytogenes was low and not statisticall ...	2016	26788311
evaluation of phytotoxicity effect on selected crops using treated and untreated wastewater from different configurative domestic wastewater plants.	this study investigated the phytotoxicity effect of untreated and treated wastewater collected from two different configurations of domestic wastewater treatment plants in south africa. the phytotoxicity effect on vegetable seed growth was studied in terms of germination index (gi), relative seed germination (rsg) and relative root elongation (rre) using four commercial crop varieties, viz., tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), radish (raphanus sativus), carrot (daucus carota) and onion (allium cep ...	2016	26806819
effect of carrot intake in the prevention of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis.	gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with the incidence and mortality being higher in men than in women. various studies have shown that eating carrots may play a major role in the prevention of gastric cancer. we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the relationship between carrot consumption and gastric cancer.	2015	26819805
assessment of antisecretory, gastroprotective, and in-vitro antacid potential of daucus carota in experimental rats.	in indo china, carrots have been reported to regulate the functions of the stomach and intestines. the objective of the present investigation was to unravel the therapeutic potential of 50% ethanol extract from daucus carota roots (edc) on antisecretory, gastroprotective, and in vitro antacid capacity using experimental rats.	2015	26835241
combined effect of starch/montmorillonite coating and passive map in antioxidant activity, total phenolics, organic acids and volatile of fresh-cut carrots.	this work evaluates fresh-cut carrots (fcc) coated with montmorillonite (mmt) subjected to passive modified atmosphere packaging. carrots were sanitized, cooled, peeled and sliced. half of the fcc were coated with mmt nanoparticle film and the other half were not. all fccs were packed in a polypropylene rigid tray, covered with a polypropylene rigid lid or sealed with polyethylene + propylene film, in four treatments (rl, rigid lid; rlc, rigid lid + coating; st, sealed tray; stc, sealed tray + c ...	2016	26857136
stress-induced accumulation of dcaox1 and dcaox2a transcripts coincides with critical time point for structural biomass prediction in carrot primary cultures (daucus carota l.).	stress-adaptive cell plasticity in target tissues and cells for plant biomass growth is important for yield stability. in vitro systems with reproducible cell plasticity can help to identify relevant metabolic and molecular events during early cell reprogramming. in carrot, regulation of the central root meristem is a critical target for yield-determining secondary growth. calorespirometry, a tool previously identified as promising for predictive growth phenotyping has been applied to measure th ...	2016	26858746
ultraviolet-c light effect on physicochemical, bioactive, microbiological, and sensorial characteristics of carrot (daucus carota) beverages.	the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet-c light on physicochemical, bioactive, microbial, and sensory characteristics of carrot beverages. beverages were formulated with different concentrations of carrot juice (60, 80, and 100% [v/v]) and treated with ultraviolet-c light at different flow rates (0, 0.5, 3.9, and 7.9 ml s(-1)) and times (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min), equivalent to ultraviolet-c dosages of 13.2, 26.4, 39.6, 52.8, and 79.2 j cm(-2) total soluble solids, ph ...	2016	26893153
increased nicotiana tabacum fitness through positive regulation of carotenoid, gibberellin and chlorophyll pathways promoted by daucus carota lycopene β-cyclase (dclcyb1) expression.	carotenoids, chlorophylls and gibberellins are derived from the common precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp). one of the enzymes in carotenoid biosynthesis is lycopene β-cyclase (lcyb) that catalyzes the conversion of lycopene into β-carotene. in carrot, dclcyb1 is essential for carotenoid synthesis in the whole plant. here we show that when expressed in tobacco, increments in total carotenoids, β-carotene and chlorophyll levels occur. furthermore, photosynthetic efficiency is enhanced in ...	2016	26893492
projected dietary intake of zinc, copper, and cerium from consumption of carrot (daucus carota) exposed to metal oxide nanoparticles or metal ions.	the expanding production and use of engineered nanomaterials (enms) have raised concerns about the potential risk of those materials to food safety and human health. in a prior study, the accumulation of zn, cu, and ce from zno, cuo, or ceo2, respectively, was examined in carrot (daucus carota l.) grown in sand culture in comparison to accumulation from exposure to equivalent concentrations of ionic zn(2+), cu(2+), or ce(4+). the fresh weight concentration data for peeled and unpeeled carrots we ...	2016	26941758
genomic identification of wrky transcription factors in carrot (daucus carota) and analysis of evolution and homologous groups for plants.	wrky transcription factors belong to one of the largest transcription factor families. these factors possess functions in plant growth and development, signal transduction, and stress response. here, we identified 95 dcwrky genes in carrot based on the carrot genomic and transcriptomic data, and divided them into three groups. phylogenetic analysis of wrky proteins from carrot and arabidopsis divided these proteins into seven subgroups. to elucidate the evolution and distribution of wrky transcr ...	2016	26975939
new claims for wild carrot (daucus carota subsp. carota) essential oil.	the essential oil of daucus carota subsp. carota from portugal, with high amounts of geranyl acetate (29.0%), α-pinene (27.2%), and 11αh-himachal-4-en-1β-ol (9.2%), was assessed for its biological potential. the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, dermatophytes, and aspergillus strains. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimal lethal concentration (mlc) were evaluated showing a significant activity towards gram-posi ...	2016	26981143
residual tembotrione and atrazine in carrot.	carrot (daucus carota l.) is a vegetable crop that is grown throughout the year across various regions of brazil in rotation or in succession to other cultures. herbicide residual effect has emerged as a concern, because of the possibility of carryover. thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tembotrione and atrazine residues - in mixture and isolated - on carrot planted in succession to corn. the experiment was designed in randomized blocks with five replications. treatm ...	2016	27052932
a novel β-carotene-associated carrot (daucus carota l.) pectic polysaccharide.	carrot (daucus carota l.) is a nutritional source with enriched β-carotene (0.01%) and pectins (0.8%). although studies have highlighted the association between β-carotene and carrot pectic polysaccharide (crpp), the precise binding of β-carotene to crpp and its biological implications were not yet clearly understood. the aim of the present study is to report for the first time a natural carbohydrate polymer-crpp-with associated β-carotene.	2017	27068881
does origin always matter? evaluating the influence of nonlocal seed provenances for ecological restoration purposes in a widespread and outcrossing plant species.	for restoration purposes, nature conservation generally enforces the use of local seed material based on the "local-is-best" (lib) approach. however, in some cases recommendations to refrain from this approach have been made. here we test if a common widespread species with no obvious signs of local adaptation may be a candidate species for abandoning lib during restoration. using 10 microsatellite markers we compared population genetic patterns of the generalist species daucus carota in indigen ...	2015	27069613
carrot (daucus carota l.): nephroprotective against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.	daucus carota l.(dc) commonly known as carrot, folkorically used as ethnomedicine to treat nephrosis and other urinary disorders. hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the nephroprotective effects of ethanolic root extract of dc against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in albino wistar rats.	2017	27127313
a high-quality carrot genome assembly provides new insights into carotenoid accumulation and asterid genome evolution.	we report a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly and analysis of the carrot (daucus carota) genome, the first sequenced genome to include a comparative evolutionary analysis among members of the euasterid ii clade. we characterized two new polyploidization events, both occurring after the divergence of carrot from members of the asterales order, clarifying the evolutionary scenario before and after radiation of the two main asterid clades. large- and small-scale lineage-specific duplications h ...	2016	27158781
the complete chloroplast genome of north american ginseng, panax quinquefolius.	we report complete nucleotide sequence of the panax quinquefolius chloroplast genome using next-generation sequencing technology. the genome size is 156 359 bp, including two inverted repeats (irs) of 52 153 bp, separated by the large single-copy (lsc 86 184 bp) and small single-copy (ssc 18 081 bp) regions. this cp genome encodes 114 unigenes (80 protein-coding genes, four rrna genes, and 30 trna genes), in which 18 are duplicated in the ir regions. overall gc content of the genome is 38.08%. a ...	2016	27158867
transcriptome-based identification of genes revealed differential expression profiles and lignin accumulation during root development in cultivated and wild carrots.	carrot root development associates lignin deposition and regulation. carrot is consumed worldwide and is a good source of nutrients. however, excess lignin deposition may reduce the taste and quality of carrot root. molecular mechanisms underlying lignin accumulation in carrot are still lacking. to address this problem, we collected taproots of wild and cultivated carrots at five developmental stages and analyzed the lignin content and characterized the lignin distribution using histochemical st ...	2016	27160835
stereoselective reduction of prochiral ketones by plant and microbial biocatalysts.	chiral alcohols are the key chiral building blocks to many enantiomerically pure pharmaceuticals. the biocatalytic approach in asymmetric reduction of corresponding prochiral ketones to the preparation of these optically pure substances is one of the most promising routes. the stereoselective reduction of different kinds of prochiral ketones catalyzed by various plants and microorganisms was studied in this work. benzyl acetoacetate, methyl 3-oxopentanoate, ethyl 3-oxopentanoate, and ethyl butyr ...	2017	27168684
bioaccessibility and arsenic speciation in carrots, beets and quinoa from a contaminated area of chile.	consumption of vegetables grown in arsenic (as)-contaminated soils is an important exposure route to the element for humans. the present study is focused on locally-grown, frequently-consumed vegetables, such as carrots (daucus carota), beets (beta vulgaris) and quinoa (chenopodium) from the as-polluted chiu chiu area in northern chile. the latter region is affected both by as discharge from copper mining activity and natural as contamination, leading to a high as content in local food and water ...	2016	27196992
bio-optimization of the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio for efficient vermicomposting of chicken manure and waste paper using eisenia fetida.	the main objective of the present study was to determine the optimum c/n ratio for converting waste paper and chicken manure to nutrient-rich manure with minimum toxicity. six treatments of c/n ratio 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 (t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, and t6, respectively) achieved by mixing chicken manure with shredded paper were used. the study involved a composting stage for 20 days followed by vermicomposting with eisenia fetida for 7 weeks. the results revealed that 20 days of composting consid ...	2016	27197657
the carrot genome sequence brings colors out of the dark.	the genome sequence of carrot (daucus carota l.) is the first completed for an apiaceae species, furthering knowledge of the evolution of the important euasterid ii clade. analyzing the whole-genome sequence allowed for the identification of a gene that may regulate the accumulation of carotenoids in the root.	2016	27230684
β-2-himachalen-6-ol: a novel anticancer sesquiterpene unique to the lebanese wild carrot.	daucus carota ssp. carota, also known as wild carrot, is a commonly used herb in lebanese folk medicine to treat several ailments including cancer. previous studies in our laboratories showed that the daucus carota oil extract (dcoe) and subsequent fractions exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. in this study, we report the isolation and identification of the major compound responsible for the anti-cancer activity of dcoe along with the mechanism of action involved. ...	2016	27240746
identification and characterization of dcucgalt1, a galactosyltransferase responsible for anthocyanin galactosylation in purple carrot (daucus carota l.) taproots.	purple carrots (daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens alef.) accumulate large amounts of cyanidin-based anthocyanins in their taproots. cyanidin can be glycosylated with galactose, xylose, and glucose in sequence by glycosyltransferases resulting in cyanidin 3-xylosyl (glucosyl) galactosides in purple carrots. the first step in the glycosylation of cyanidin is catalysis by udp-galactose: cyanidin galactosyltransferase (ucgalt) transferring the galactosyl moiety from udp-galactose to cyanidi ...	2016	27264613
(1)h nmr-based metabolomics reveals a pedoclimatic metabolic imprinting in ready-to-drink carrot juices.	carrots are usually consumed in their native form or processed into many different products. carrot juice is a popular beverage consumed throughout the world and is attracting increasing attention due to its nutritional value, being a natural source of bioactive compounds. ready-to-drink carrot juices produced in the same factory were analyzed by (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. the juices were made from carrot roots of the same cultivar grown in three different geographical a ...	2016	27281439
biofortification of carrot (daucus carota l.) with iodine and selenium in a field experiment.	the low content of iodine (i) and selenium (se) forms available to plants in soil is one of the main causes of their insufficient transfer in the soil-plant-consumer system. their deficiency occurs in food in the majority of human and farm animal populations around the world. both elements are classified as beneficial elements. however, plant response to simultaneous fertilization with i and se has not been investigated in depth. the study (conducted in 2012-2014) included soil fertilization of ...	2016	27303423
expression profiles of genes involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling during growth and development of carrot.	jasmonates (jas) are recognized as essential regulators in response to environmental stimuli and plant development. carrot is an apiaceae vegetable with great value and undergoes significant size changes over the course of plant growth. however, ja accumulation and its potential roles in carrot growth remain unclear. here, methyl ja (meja) levels and expression profiles of ja-related genes were analyzed in carrot roots and leaves at five developmental stages. meja levels in the roots and leaves ...	2016	27325823
exogenous gibberellin enhances secondary xylem development and lignification in carrot taproot.	gibberellins (gas) are important growth regulators involved in plant development processes. however, limited information is known about the relationship between ga and xylogenesis in carrots. in this study, carrot roots were treated with ga3. the effects of applied ga3 on root growth, xylem development, and lignin accumulation were then investigated. results indicated that ga treatment dose-dependently inhibited carrot root growth. the cell wall significantly thickened in the xylem parenchyma. a ...	2017	27335006
fractionation of plant bioactives from black carrots (daucus carota subspecies sativus varietas atrorubens alef.) by adsorptive membrane chromatography and analysis of their potential anti-diabetic activity.	black and purple carrots have attracted interest as colored extracts for coloring food due to their high content of anthocyanins. this study aimed to investigate the polyphenol composition of black carrots. particularly, the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds of the variety deep purple carrot (dpc), which presents a very dark color, was performed by hplc-pda and hplc-esi-ms(n) analyses. the separation of polyphenols from a dpc xad-7 extract into an anthocyanin fraction (af) ...	2016	27362825
quantifying biochemical quality parameters in carrots (daucus carota l.) - ft-raman spectroscopy as efficient tool for rapid metabolite profiling.	application of ft-raman spectroscopy for simultaneous quantification of carotenoids, carbohydrates, polyacetylenes and phenylpropanoids with high bioactive potential was investigated in storage roots of daucus carota. within single ft-raman experiment carbohydrates, carotenoids, and polyacetylenes could be reliably quantified with high coefficients of determination of r(2)>0.91. the most abundant individual representatives of each compound class could be quantified with comparably high quality r ...	2016	27374560
a rapid method for transformation of carrot (daucus carota l.) by using direct somatic embryogenesis.	several genes that may be involved in embryogenesis have been isolated from somatic embryos of carrot by many workers. however, the function of these genes has not been discovered yet. as the first step toward finding the function of these genes, we established a rapid and efficient method for transformation of carrot by using direct embryogenesis from hypocotyl segments treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) for a short period.	1999	27393260
enhanced accumulation of phytosterols and phenolic compounds in cyclodextrin-elicited cell suspension culture of daucus carota.	in this work, suspension-cultured cells of daucus carota were used to evaluate the effect of β-cyclodextrins on the production of isoprenoid and phenolic compounds. the results showed that the phytosterols and phenolic compounds were accumulated in the extracellular medium (15100μgl(-1) and 477.46μgl(-1), respectively) in the presence of cyclodextrins. unlike the phytosterol and phenolic compound content, β-carotene (1138.03μgl(-1)), lutein (25949.54μgl(-1)) and α-tocopherol (8063.82μgl(-1)) chl ...	2016	27457992
lutein, a natural carotenoid, induces α-1,3-glucan accumulation on the cell wall surface of fungal plant pathogens.	α-1,3-glucan, a component of the fungal cell wall, is a refractory polysaccharide for most plants. previously, we showed that various fungal plant pathogens masked their cell wall surfaces with α-1,3-glucan to evade plant immunity. this surface accumulation of α-1,3-glucan was infection specific, suggesting that plant factors might induce its production in fungi. through immunofluorescence observations of fungal cell walls, we found that carrot (daucus carota) extract induced the accumulation of ...	2016	27483218
carotenoid biosynthesis in daucus carota.	carrot (daucus carota) is one of the most important vegetable cultivated worldwide and the main source of dietary provitamin a. contrary to other plants, almost all carrot varieties accumulate massive amounts of carotenoids in the root, resulting in a wide variety of colors, including those with purple, yellow, white, red and orange roots. during the first weeks of development the root, grown in darkness, is thin and pale and devoid of carotenoids. at the second month, the thickening of the root ...	2016	27485223
anti-inflammatory potential of black carrot (daucus carota l.) polyphenols in a co-culture model of intestinal caco-2 and endothelial ea.hy926 cells.	the present study was developed to determine the ability of polyphenol-rich black carrot and its by-products, i.e., peel and pomace, to modulate the inflammatory response in tumor necrosis factor α (tnf-α) treated endothelial cells after gastrointestinal digestion and in a co-culture of intestinal caco-2 and endothelial ea.hy926 cell model.	2017	27561918
patterns of gene flow between crop and wild carrot, daucus carota (apiaceae) in the united states.	studies of gene flow between crops and their wild relatives have implications for both management practices for cultivation and understanding the risk of transgene escape. these types of studies may also yield insight into population dynamics and the evolutionary consequences of gene flow for wild relatives of crop species. moreover, the comparison of genetic markers with different modes of inheritance, or transmission, such as those of the nuclear and chloroplast genomes, can inform the relativ ...	2016	27603516
differential contribution of the first two enzymes of the mep pathway to the supply of metabolic precursors for carotenoid and chlorophyll biosynthesis in carrot (daucus carota).	carotenoids and chlorophylls are photosynthetic pigments synthesized in plastids from metabolic precursors provided by the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (mep) pathway. the first two steps in the mep pathway are catalyzed by the deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (dxs) and reductoisomerase (dxr) enzymes. while dxs has been recently shown to be the main flux-controlling step of the mep pathway, both dxs and dxr enzymes have been proven to be able to promote an increase in mep-derived products when ...	2016	27630663
nutrient status and phytotoxicity analysis of goat manure discharged from farms in south korea.	the present study evaluated the phytotoxicity effect of goat manure (gm) collected from six different regions in south korea, namely, chupungnyeong (t1), hoengseong (t2), goesan (t3), sancheong (t4), jangsu (t5) and namwon (t6). phytotoxicity was assessed by means of the analysis of germination index (gi), relative seed germination (rsg), relative root elongation (rre) and vigor index (vi) using five commercial crop varieties, namely, sesame (sesamum indicum l.), chrysanthemum (chrysanthemum ind ...	2017	27654710
profiling of the terpene metabolome in carrot fruits of wild (daucus carota l. ssp. carota) accessions and characterization of a geraniol synthase.	fruits from wild carrot (daucus carota l. ssp. carota) have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. the oil of its seeds, with their abundant monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, has drawn attention in recent years because of its potential pharmaceutical application. a combined chemical, biochemical, and molecular study was conducted to evaluate the differential accumulation of terpene volatiles in carrot fruits of wild accessions. this work reports a similarity-based cloning strategy ...	2016	27673494
analysis of the use of microcystin-contaminated water in the growth and nutritional quality of the root-vegetable, daucus carota.	toxic cyanobacterial blooms are often observed in freshwaters and may reflect the increased eutrophication of these environments and alterations in climate. cyanotoxins, such as microcystins (mcs), are an effective threat to many life forms, ranging from plants to humans. despite the research conducted to date on cyanotoxins, the risks associated to the use of contaminated water in agriculture require further elucidation. to tackle this aim, a research was conducted with the root-vegetable daucu ...	2017	27752954
assessing the impact of geogenic chromium uptake by carrots (daucus carota) grown in asopos river basin.	a methodology was developed to assess the impact of geogenic origin hexavalent chromium uptake by carrots, and the risk of human consumption of carrots grown in asopos river basin in greece. a field scale experiment was conducted with carrots cultivated in treatment plots, with and without compost amendment, in order to assess the impact of carbon in the mobility and uptake of chromium by plants. the results suggested that there is a trend for chromium mobilization and uptake in the surface and ...	2017	27764685
herbal remedies and functional foods used by cancer patients attending specialty oncology clinics in trinidad.	cancer is a major disease worldwide, and many patients use complementary and alternative treatments. the purpose of this study was to identify the herbal remedies and functional foods used as complementary medicine by prostate, breast and colorectal cancer patients at speciality care facilities in trinidad. we also sought to determine how patients rated the efficacy of these modalities compared with conventional treatment.	2016	27769229
effects of chrysosporum (aphanizomenon) ovalisporum extracts containing cylindrospermopsin on growth, photosynthetic capacity, and mineral content of carrots (daucus carota).	natural toxins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria, such as cylindrospermopsin, have been regarded as an emergent environmental threat. despite the risks for food safety, the impact of these water contaminants in agriculture is not yet fully understood. carrots (daucus carota) are root vegetables, extensively consumed worldwide with great importance for human nourishment and economy. it is, therefore, important to evaluate the possible effects of using water contaminated with cyanotoxins on car ...	2017	27770233
characterising genes associated with flowering time in carrot (daucus carota l.) using transcriptome analysis.	carrot is generally regarded as a biennial plant with an obligatory vernalization requirement. early spring cultivation makes plants vulnerable to premature bolting, which results in a loss of commercial value. however, our knowledge of flowering time genes and flowering mechanisms in carrot remain limited. bolting behavior of d. carota ssp. carota 'songzi', a wild species sensitive to flower induction by vernalization and photoperiod, and orange cultivar 'amsterdam forcing', and their offspring ...	2017	27775866
genotyping-by-sequencing provides the discriminating power to investigate the subspecies of daucus carota (apiaceae).	the majority of the subspecies of daucus carota have not yet been discriminated clearly by various molecular or morphological methods and hence their phylogeny and classification remains unresolved. recent studies using 94 nuclear orthologs and morphological characters, and studies employing other molecular approaches were unable to distinguish clearly many of the subspecies. fertile intercrosses among traditionally recognized subspecies are well documented. we here explore the utility of single ...	2016	27793080
carrot solution culture bioproduction of uniformly labeled (13)c-lutein and in vivo dosing in non-human primates.	lutein is a xanthophyll abundant in nature and most commonly present in the human diet through consumption of leafy green vegetables. with zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin, lutein is a component of the macular pigment of the retina, where it protects against photooxidation and age-related macular degeneration. recent studies have suggested that lutein may positively impact cognition throughout the lifespan, but outside of the retina, the deposition, metabolism, and function(s) of lutein are poorly ...	2017	27798119
bioassessment of heavy metals in the surface soil layer of an opencast mine aimed for its rehabilitation.	the contemporary reclamation method in an opencast coal mine closure comprises the use of the preserved surface soil layer (ssl) before mining, and can be directly returned to the areas being rehabilitated. the present study emphasizes a risk in the use of such a ssl in mine rehabilitation due to the possible excessive amount of heavy metals which usually derives from a metal-rich sediment or fluvial character of overburden material. this indication was approved by the bioassessment of cadmium ( ...	2017	27823905
first report of leafminer lyriomyza spp. in daucus carota in brazil.		2016	27849253
effect of hot water blanching time and drying temperature on the thin layer drying kinetics of and anthocyanin degradation in black carrot (daucus carota l.) shreds.	this study was conducted to investigate the effect of blanching treatment (98 °c for 3 and 6 min) and air drying temperature of 40, 50 and 60 °c on the thin layer drying characteristics such as drying time, drying rate constant, effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy, as well as on anthocyanin content of black carrot shreds. it was observed that drying temperature affected the drying rate but blanching did not have an effect on drying time. three thin layer drying models, i.e. page ...	2015	27904364
glutathione sulfotransferase inhibition activity of a self-fermented beverage, kanji.	kanji, a liquid preparation of roots of daucus carota l. ssp. sativus (hoffm.) arcang. var. vavilovii mazk. (apiaceae), may inhibit glutathione sulfotransferase (gst) activity due to ferulic acid content.	2017	27951746
assessment and accessibility of phenotypic and genotypic diversity of carrot (daucus carota l. var. sativus) cultivars commercially available in the united states.	increased use of intellectual property rights over plant germplasm has led to a complicated landscape for exchange among plant breeders. our goal was to examine phenotypic and genotypic diversity present in commercially available carrot (daucus carota l. var. sativus) germplasm in relation to the freedom to operate-the ability for plant breeders to access and use crop genetic diversity. a collection of 140 commercially available carrot cultivars were grown in replicated field trials in the madis ...	2016	27959910