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[spontaneous spectinomycin resistance mutations of the chloroplast rrn16 gene in daucus carota callus lines].bioballistic transformation of carrot daucus carota l. callus cultures with a plasmid containing the aada (aminoglycoside 3'-adenyltransferase) gene and subsequent selection oftransformants on a selective medium containing spectinomycin (100-500 mg/l) yielded ten callus lines resistant to this antibiotic. pcr analysis did not detect exogenous dna in the genomes of spectinomycin-resistant calluses. resistance proved to be due to spontaneous mutations that occurred in two different regions of the ...201121446181
dchsp17.7, a small heat shock protein in carrot, is tissue-specifically expressed under salt stress and confers tolerance to salinity.the expression and function of dchsp17.7, a small heat shock protein in carrot (daucus carota l.), were examined under salt stress, which is an exacerbating environmental condition due to water shortage and irrigation. dchsp17.7 was constitutively expressed in leaf and stem tissues under normal growth conditions. upon exposure to 300mm nacl, the protein level of dchsp17.7 increased dramatically in leaf tissue, but did not significantly change in stem tissue. native-page analysis showed tissue-sp ...201121539946
occurrence of clostridium perfringens from different cultivated soils.the occurrence of clostridium perfringens was estimated in 750 samples originated from a variety of soils bearing various bulb crops: brawnica oderacea (vegetable), olea europaea, daucus carota (carote), solanum tuberosum (potato), phaseolus vulgaris (green haricot), beta vulgaris var. rapaceum (beetroot), cucurbita pepo (squash), allium cepa (onion), cucumis sativus (cucumber) and capsicum annum (pepper). all isolated strains were tested for their antimicrobial activities to amoxicillin, penici ...201121621626
purification, crystallization and x-ray diffraction study of extracellular dermal glycoprotein from carrot and the inhibition complex that it forms with an endo-ß-glucanase from aspergillus aculeatus.extracellular dermal glycoprotein (edgp) may play an important role in the plant defence system of the carrot (daucus carota) as it has inhibitory activity against endo-ß-glucanase produced by invading pathogens. here, edgp and the inhibition complex that it forms with fi-cmcase, a carboxyl methyl cellulase from aspergillus aculeatus, were successfully crystallized. the hexagonal crystal of edgp belonged to space group p6(2), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 130.4, c = 44.5 å, ? = 120°. the mon ...201121795806
A novel chimeric MOMP antigen expressed in Escherichia coli, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Daucus carota as a potential Chlamydia trachomatis vaccine candidate.The major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis is a highly antigenic and hydrophobic transmembrane protein. Our attempts to express the full-length protein in a soluble form in Escherichia coli and in transgenic plants failed. A chimeric gene construct of C. trachomatis serovar E MOMP was designed in order to increase solubility of the MOMP protein but with retained antigenicity. The designed construct was successfully expressed in E. coli, in Arabidopsis thaliana, and in Daucu ...201121903168
the survival of e. coli o157:h7, s. typhimurium and l. monocytogenes in black carrot (daucus carota) juice.in this study the survival and growth patterns of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes in various concentrations of black carrot juice were investigated during incubation period at 4°c and 37°c for 7days. several parameters, such as juice concentration (%), ph, incubation temperature (°c) and time (days) were found effective on the survival of pathogens tested. although l. monocytogenes has been found to be the less resistant microorganism to the variable c ...201122153385
survival of three commercially available natural enemies exposed to michigan wildflowers.flowering plants are often used in habitat management programs to conserve the arthropod natural enemies of insect pests. in this study, nine species of flowering plants representing six families commonly found in north america east of the rocky mountains were evaluated based on how much they extended the lifespans of three commercially available natural enemy species in cages with cut flower stems compared with cages containing water only. the natural enemies used in the experiments were a lady ...201122251728
Uranium in vegetable foodstuffs: should residents near the Cunha Baixa uranium mine site (Central Northern Portugal) be concerned?Large uranium accumulations in vegetable foodstuffs may present risks of human health if they are consumed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the uranium concentrations in different vegetable foodstuffs and grown in agricultural soils, which are then consumed by the residents of the village of Cunha Baixa (Portugal),-located in an former uranium mining area. This study was conducted to address concerns expressed by the local farmers as well as to provide data for uranium-related health ...201121964853
effects of dietary fruits, vegetables and a herbal tea on the in vitro transport of cimetidine: comparing the caco-2 model with porcine jejunum tissue.context: dietary botanicals are often consumed together with allopathic medicines, which may give rise to pharmacokinetic interactions. in vitro intestinal models are useful to identify botanical-drug interactions, but they may exhibit different expressions of transporters or enzymes. objective: to compare the effects of selected dietary botanical extracts on cimetidine transport across two in vitro intestinal models. materials and methods: bi-directional transport of cimetidine was measured ...201122085278
The influence of the fungal pathogen Mycocentrospora acerina on the proteome and polyacetylenes and 6-methoxymellein in organic and conventionally cultivated carrots (Daucus carota) during post harvest storage.Many carrots are discarded during post harvest cold storage due to development of fungal infections, caused by, e.g., Mycocentrospora acerina (liquorice rot). We compared the susceptibility of carrots grown under conventional and organic agricultural practices. In one year, organically cultivated carrots showed 3× to 7× more symptoms than conventionally cultivated, when studying naturally occurring disease at 4 and 6months, respectively. On the other hand, we have developed a bioassay for infect ...201222075166
in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extracts of daucus carota seeds in experimental animals.to assess the in vivo antioxidfant and hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of daucus carota (d. carota) seeds in experimental animals.201223569935
against the traffic: the first evidence for mitochondrial dna transfer into the plastid genome.transfer of dna between different compartments of the plant cell, i.e., plastid, mitochondrion and nucleus, is a well-known phenomenon in plant evolution. six directions of inter-compartmental dna migration are possible in theory, however only four of them have been previously reported. these include frequent cases of mitochondrion and plastid to nucleus transfer, plastid to mitochondrion transfer, and rare nucleus to mitochondrion migrations. the connection between the plastid and mitochondrial ...201223481035
effects of bioactive compounds from carrots (daucus carota l.), polyacetylenes, beta-carotene and lutein on human lymphoid leukaemia cells.new therapies for leukaemia are urgently needed. carrots have been suggested as a potential treatment for leukaemia in traditional medicine and have previously been studied in other contexts as potential sources of anticancer agents. indicating that carrots may contain bioactive compounds, which may show potential in leukaemia therapies. this study investigated the effects of five fractions from carrot juice extract (cje) on human lymphoid leukaemia cell lines, together with five purified bioact ...201222263789
identification of a dau c prplike protein (dau c 1.03) as a new allergenic isoform in carrots (cultivar rodelika).up to 25% of food allergic subjects in central europe suffer from carrot allergy. until now, two isoforms of the major carrot (daucus carota) allergen dau c 1 have been described: dau c 1.01, comprising five variants (dau c 1.0101-dau c 1.0105) and dau c 1.02.201222093066
alternative oxidase (aox) and phenolic metabolism in methyl jasmonate-treated hairy root cultures of daucus carota l.methyl-jasmonate (mj)-treated hairy roots of daucus carota l. were used to study the influence of alternative oxidase (aox) in phenylpropanoid metabolism. phenolic acid accumulation, as well as total flavonoids and lignin content of the mj-treated hairy roots were decreased by treatment with salicylhydroxamic acid (sham), a known inhibitor of aox. the inhibitory effect of sham was concentration dependent. treatment with propyl gallate (pg), another inhibitor of aox, also had a similar inhibitory ...201222326792
fluorescent in situ hybridization with arbitrarily amplified dna fragments differentiates carrot (daucus carota l.) chromosomes.carrot (daucus carota l.) chromosomes are small and poorly differentiated in size and morphology. here we demonstrate that fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) signals derived from arbitrary pcr probes can be used for chromosome identification in carrot. to prepare probes, we searched for nonpolymorphic products abundantly amplified with arbitrary decamer primers in a group of accessions representing carrot genetic diversity. as a result, 13 fragments ranging in size from 517 to 1758 bp were ...201222360760
mitochondrial gene diversity associated with the atp9 stop codon in natural populations of wild carrot (daucus carota ssp. carota).mitochondrial genomes extracted from the wild populations of daucus carota have been used as a genetic resource by breeders of cultivated carrot, yet little is known concerning the extent of their diversity in nature. of special interest is an snp in the putative stop codon of the mitochondrial gene atp9 that has been associated previously with male-sterile and male-fertile phenotypic variants. in this study, either the sequence or pcr/rflp genotypes were obtained from the mitochondrial genes at ...201222337997
clarification and pasteurisation effects on monomeric anthocyanins and percent polymeric colour of black carrot (daucus carota l.) juice.black carrots (bcs) are a rich source of stable anthocyanins (acns). the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of clarification and pasteurisation on acns of black carrot juice (bcj). monomeric acns, acn profile and percent polymeric colour were determined during processing of bcj. while depectinisation and bentonite treatments resulted in 7% and 20% increases in monomeric acn content of bcj, respectively, gelatine-kieselsol treatment and pasteurisation resulted in 10% and 3-16% redu ...201223107727
effects of genotype, soil type, year and fertilisation on sensory and morphological attributes of carrots (daucus carota l.).the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of variety, soil type and fertilisation, and the interactions between these factors, on yield and quality traits of carrots.201222231302
polyacetylenes in fresh and stored carrots (daucus carota): relations to root morphology and sugar content.carrot roots contain polyacetylenes, reported to be both beneficial and distasteful when consumed by humans. this study aimed to investigate the relationships between polyacetylene contents, root morphology and sugar content in order to increase the opportunities to optimise the composition of polyacetylenes in carrots.201222190221
differential selection on carotenoid biosynthesis genes as a function of gene position in the metabolic pathway: a study on the carrot and dicots.selection of genes involved in metabolic pathways could target them differently depending on the position of genes in the pathway and on their role in controlling metabolic fluxes. this hypothesis was tested in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway using population genetics and phylogenetics.201222737218
a protocol to remove colored metabolites and other inhibitors from plant tissues to facilitate rna isolation suitable for downstream applications.this work developed a protocol to remove colored metabolites and other interfering substances to facilitate rna isolation. these metabolites otherwise hinder rna isolation and downstream applications. the developed protocol used sodium dodecyl sulphate, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, and ethanol in a definite ratio that removed the said metabolites from the tissue and aided isolation of rna using the existing methods. the protocol was developed for red colored roots of arnebia euchroma and w ...201222736512
differences in protodermal cell wall structure in zygotic and somatic embryos of daucus carota (l.) cultured on solid and in liquid media.the ultrastructure, cuticle, and distribution of pectic epitopes in outer periclinal walls of protodermal cells of daucus carota zygotic and somatic embryos from solid and suspension culture were investigated. lipid substances were present as a continuous layer in zygotic and somatic embryos cultured on solid medium. somatic embryos from suspension cultures were devoid of cuticle. the ultrastructure of the outer walls of protodermis of embryos was similar in zygotic and somatic embryos from soli ...201221424614
effect of endogenous ascorbic acid oxidase activity and stability on vitamin c in carrots (daucus carota subsp. sativus) during thermal treatment.the purpose of this research was to study the effect of endogenous ascorbic acid oxidase (aao) on vitamin c in carrots (daucus carota subsp. sativus), namely nantes, egmont gold and baby carrots during thermal treatment. enzyme-substrate reaction kinetics of aao were described using michaelis-menten equation. the estimated k(m) and v(max) values of aao ranged from 50.34 to 63.54 μm and 23.70 to 26.82 μmol/min, respectively. nantes carrots had the lowest aao activity. on the other hand, egmont go ...201223442658
[cloning of eleutherococcus senticosus calmodulin gene and effect of endophytic fungus on expression amount of gene].to clone calmodulin (cam) gene in eleutherococcus senticosus, and study the effect of endophytic fungi on expression amount of cam gene.201223189731
a bifasic response to cadmium stress in carrot: early acclimatory mechanisms give way to root collapse further to prolonged metal exposure.very few studies have provided information about the effects of cadmium (cd) at histoanatomical and ultrastructural levels, along with potential localization of the metal in planta. in particular, from this standpoint, almost nothing is known in daucus carota l. (carrot), a particularly important species for in vitro and in vivo functional investigations. in this work we hypothesized that 36 μm cd, supplied for 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 14 days to 30-day-old in vitro-cultured plants, might induce an ear ...201222868210
changes in carrot (daucus carota) parenchyma at higher temperatures detected in vivo by dynamic mechanical (thermal) analysis.the outer parenchyma of carrot was tested using dynamic mechanical analysis (dma), in air with 90% humidity between 30 and 90°c. temperature plots of storage (sm i.e. elastic) and loss (lm i.e. inelastic) moduli were obtained. the sm and lm values were the basis for the calculation of the loss tangent (lt), the parameter expressing the ratio of inelastic to elastic parenchyma toughness. as expected, the tissue toughness decreased with increasing temperature. for both moduli, two characteristic t ...201222836082
plants as biofactories: glyphosate-induced production of shikimic acid and phenolic antioxidants in wounded carrot tissue.the use of plants to produce chemical compounds with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications has intensified in recent years. in this regard, genetic engineering is the most commonly used tool to generate crop lines with enhanced concentrations of desirable chemicals. however, growing genetically modified plants is still limited because they are perceived as potential biological hazards that can create an ecological imbalance. the application of postharvest abiotic stresses on plants induc ...201223101679
continuous and long-term monoxenic culture of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus gigaspora decipiens in root organ culture.establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) germplasm collections is complex because of the obligate biotrophic nature of am fungi. only a few am species are routinely maintained in monoxenic culture with ri t-dna transformed roots as host. incorporation of new am species into this culture system is important for molecular, physiological, and taxonomical studies. here we report for the first time the successful monoxenic culture of gigaspora decipiens (ja2 strain) with transformed carrot (daucu ...201222658317
content of carotenoids in roots of seventeen cultivars of daucus carota l.the aim of this study was to compare the content of carotenoids in seventeen cultivars of carrots grown in poland. conventional orange cultivars with rarely grown were compared: white, yellow and purple with yellow core cultivars. to determine the content of carotenoids, extracts from lyophilized carrot roots were prepared and analyzed by spectrophotometric as well as hplc methods with dad detector. the highest content of carotenoids was found in cultivars: 'korund f(1)' (48 mg/100g of fresh wei ...201222428130
assessment of allelopathic properties of aloe ferox mill. on turnip, beetroot and carrot.turnip (brassica rapa var. rapa l.), beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) and carrot (daucus carota l.) are common vegetables in south africa. the allelopathic potential of aqueous leaf and root extracts of aloe ferox mill.- a highly valued medicinal plant- was evaluated against seed germination and seedling growth of the three vegetables in petri dish experiments. the extracts were tested at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/ml. leaf extract concentrations above 4 mg/ml inhibited the germination o ...201223558992
molecular cloning, sequence characterization of a novel pepper gene nadp-icdh and its effect on cytoplasmic male sterility.nadp-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (nadp-icdh) is an important enzyme involved in energy metabolism. the complete coding sequence of the pepper (capsicum annuum) nadp-icdh gene was amplified using a reverse transcriptase pcr based on the conserved sequence information of the tomato and other solanaceae plants and known highly homologous pepper ests. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the pepper nadp-icdh gene encodes a protein of 415 amino acids that has high homology with the prote ...201222653649
high-throughput cryopreservation of plant cell cultures for functional genomics.suspension-cultured cell lines from plant species are useful for genetic engineering. however, maintenance of these lines is laborious, involves routine subculturing and hampers wider use of transgenic lines, especially when many lines are required for a high-throughput functional genomics application. cryopreservation of these lines may reduce the need for subculturing. here, we established a simple protocol for cryopreservation of cell lines from five commonly used plant species, arabidopsis t ...201222437846
predator-prey relationships on apiaceae at an organic farm.orius insidiosus (say) and o. pumilio (champion) were confirmed to be sympatric in north central florida as the major predators of the florida flower thrips, frankliniella bispinosa (morgan), on flowers of queen anne's lace, daucus carota l. and false queen anne's lace, ammi majus l. f. bispinosa was the predominant thrips observed on both flowers but colonized d. carota to a greater extent and earlier in the season than a. majus. despite differences in the abundance of f. bispinosa on the two p ...201222732606
impact of boron, calcium and genetic factors on vitamin c, carotenoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity of carrots (daucus carota).carrots (daucus carota l.) were used to investigate the effects and interactions of cultivar and mineral supply on the nutritional quality (antioxidant potential, vitamin c, carotenoids and phenolic acids) of the resulting storage roots. the supplement of boron (b) and or calcium (ca) in the feeding solutions, during plant growth, influenced the accumulation of other minerals, such as p, k, mg, s and na, in the storage roots (p<0.05). when no additional b or ca was supplied (e.g. -b or -ca treat ...201229243596
arsenic availability from chromated copper arsenate (cca)-treated wood.lumber used to construct raised garden beds is often treated with chromated copper arsenate (cca). this project aimed to determine (i) how far as, cu, and cr had diffused away from cca-treated wood surfaces in raised garden beds under realistic conditions, (ii) the uptake of these elements by crops, and (iii) the effect of cca solution on soil bacteria. this study showed that as, cu, and cr diffuse into soil from cca-treated wood used to construct raised garden beds. to determine crop uptake of ...201314964372
carbonaceous soil amendments to biofortify crop plants with zinc.carbonaceous soil amendments, comprising mixtures of biosolids and biochar, have been demonstrated to improve fertility while reducing nitrate leaching. we aimed to determine the efficacy of a biosolids/biochar soil amendment in biofortification of vegetables with zn, an element that is deficient in one third of humanity. we grew beetroot (beta vulgaris), spinach (spinacia oleracea), radish (raphanus sativus), broccoli (brassica oleracea), carrot (daucus carota), leek (allium ampeloprsum), onion ...201323146312
wild vegetable mixes sold in the markets of dalmatia (southern croatia).dalmatia is an interesting place to study the use of wild greens as it lies at the intersection of influence of slavs, who do not usually use many species of wild greens, and mediterranean culinary culture, where the use of multiple wild greens is common. the aim of the study was to document the mixtures of wild green vegetables which are sold in all the vegetable markets of dalmatia.201323286393
enantioselective hydrolysis of bromo- and methoxy-substituted 1-phenylethanol acetates using carrot and celeriac enzymatic systems.enantioselective hydrolysis of bromo- and methoxy-substituted 1-phenylethanol acetates was conducted using comminuted carrot (daucus carota l.) and celeriac (apium graveolens l. var. rapaceum) roots. hydrolysis of the acetates led to alcohols, preferentially to r-(+)-enantiomers. efficiencies of both reactions - hydrolysis of the acetates with an electron-donating methoxy group and oxidation of the resulting alcohols - increased in the following order: ortho < meta < para. the presence of an ele ...201317708446
an eco-metabolomic study of host plant resistance to western flower thrips in cultivated, biofortified and wild carrots.domestication of plants and selection for agronomic traits may reduce plant secondary defence metabolites relative to their ancestors. carrot (daucus carota l.) is an economically important vegetable. recently, carrot was developed as a functional food with additional health-promoting functions. biofortified carrots contain increased concentrations of chlorogenic acid as an antioxidant. chlorogenic acid is involved in host plant resistance to western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis), o ...201323583013
plant community characteristics and their responses to environmental factors in the water level fluctuation zone of the three gorges reservoir in china.the annual water level regulating of the three gorges reservoir prolonged the submerged duration (from 2 to 8 months) and resulted in the reversal of natural flood rhythms (winter submerged). these changes might alter plant community characteristics in the water level fluctuation zone (wlfz). the aim of this study was to determine the plant community characteristics in the wlfz and their responses to the environmental factors (i.e., annual hydrological regulation, topographic characteristics, so ...201323589274
determination of provitamin a of green leafy vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography and open column chromatography.the purpose of study was to determine the provitamin a value through beta-carotene analysis of five brazilian leafy vegetables: carrot leaves (daucus carota l.), beet leaves (beta vulgaris l.) "serralha" (sonchus oleracea l.), mint (mentha piperita ll.) and celery leaves (aplum graveolens. l.). two analysis methods were used: open-column chromatography (occ) and high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). two analysis methods were used: open-column chromatography (occ) and high performance li ...20139795484
yield, chemical composition and nutritional quality responses of carrot, radish and turnip to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide.future concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is very important due to its apparent economic and environmental impact in terms of climate change. however, a compressive assessment of its effect on the nutritional and chemical characteristics of food crops has yet to be established. in the present study the impact of elevated atmospheric co2 on the yield, chemical composition and nutritional quality of three root vegetables, carrot (daucus carota l. cv. t-1-111), radish (raphanus sativ ...201323576218
morphological markers for the detection of introgression from cultivated into wild carrot (daucus carota l.) reveal dominant domestication traits.hybridisation and subsequent introgression have recently received much attention in the context of genetically modified crops. but crop-wild hybrid detection in the field can be difficult, as most domestication traits seem to be recessive, and the hybrid phenotype may also depend on the direction of the cross or environmental factors. our aim was to develop a reliable set of morphological markers that differ between two wild and 13 cultivated carrots (daucus carota l.) and to evaluate their inhe ...201323173917
molecular mapping of vernalization requirement and fertility restoration genes in carrot.carrot (daucus carota l.) is a cool-season vegetable normally classified as a biennial species, requiring vernalization to induce flowering. nevertheless, some cultivars adapted to warmer climates require less vernalization and can be classified as annual. most modern carrot cultivars are hybrids which rely upon cytoplasmic male-sterility for commercial production. one major gene controlling floral initiation and several genes restoring male fertility have been reported but none have been mapped ...201323015218
intra-population genetic diversity of cultivated carrot (daucus carota l.) assessed by analysis of microsatellite markers.intra-population variation of 18 cultivated carrot (daucus carota l. ssp. sativus) populations of diverse origins was evaluated using codominant microsatellite (ssr) markers. using 27 genomic and est-derived ssr markers, 253 alleles were identified with a mean 9.4 alleles per marker. most of the alleles (60.5%) were rare i.e., with the frequency ≤ 0.05 while only 3.95% of alleles occurred with frequency > 0.6. est-derived ssr markers were less polymorphic than genomic ssr markers. differences in ...201324432327
reducing the bioavailability of pcbs in soil to plant by biochars assessed with triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane technique.coupling with triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (tecam) technique, hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrins (hpcd) extraction method, and the greenhouse pot experiments, the influences of biochars on polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) bioavailability in soil to plant (brassica chinensis l. and daucus carota) were investigated. addition of 2% biochars to soils significantly reduced the uptake of pcbs in plant, especially for di-, tri- and tetra-chlorobiphenyls. pcbs concentrations in the roots of b ...201323279904
untargeted metabolomics: an emerging approach to determine the composition of herbal products.natural remedies, such as those based on traditional chinese medicines, have become more popular also in western countries over the last 10 years. the composition of these herbal products is largely unknown and difficult to determine. moreover, since plants respond to their environment changing the metabolome, the composition of plant material can vary depending on the plant growth conditions. however, there is a growing need of a deeper knowledge on such natural remedies also in view of the gro ...201324688688
dcsto: carrot stowaway-like elements are abundant, diverse, and polymorphic.we investigated nine families of stowaway-like miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) in the carrot genome, named dcsto1 to dcsto9. all of them were at-rich and shared a highly conserved 6 bp-long tir typical for stowaways. the copy number of dcsto1 elements was estimated as ca. 5,000 per diploid genome. we observed preference for clustered insertions of dcsto and other mites. distribution of dcsto1 hybridization signals revealed presence of dcsto1 clusters within euchromatic re ...201323775534
quality of carrots as affected by pre- and postharvest factors and processing.the aim of this review is to provide an update on factors contributing to quality of carrots, with special focus on the role of pre- and postharvest factors and processing. the genetic factor shows the highest impact on quality variables in carrots, causing a 7-11-fold difference between varieties in content of terpenes, β-carotene, magnesium, iron and phenolics as well as a 1-4-fold difference in falcarindiol, bitter taste and sweet taste. climate-related factors may cause a difference of up to ...201323744724
isolation and characterization of a carrot nucleolar protein with structural and sequence similarity to the vertebrate pescadillo protein.the nuclear matrix is involved in many nuclear events, but its protein architecture in plants is still not fully understood. a cdna clone was isolated by immunoscreening with a monoclonal antibody raised against nuclear matrix proteins of daucus carota l. its deduced amino acid sequence showed about 40% identity with the pescadillo protein of zebrafish and humans. primary structure analysis of the protein revealed a pescadillo n-terminus domain, a single breast cancer c-terminal domain, two nucl ...201323683933
comparison of protective and curative potential of daucus carota root extract on renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.daucus carota linn (apiaceae), a useful vegetable, is traditionally used in treating kidney and hepatic dysfunctions.201323627465
molecular characterisation of a calmodulin gene, vccam1, that is differentially expressed under aluminium stress in highbush blueberry.calmodulin (cam), a small acidic protein, is one of the best characterised ca(2+) sensors in eukaryotes. this ca(2+) -regulated protein plays a critical role in decoding and transducing environmental stress signals by activating specific targets. many environmental stresses elicit changes in intracellular ca(2+) activity that could initiate adaptive responses under adverse conditions. we report the first molecular cloning and characterisation of a calmodulin gene, vccam1 (vaccinium corymbosum ca ...201323627459
genetic structure and domestication of carrot (daucus carota subsp. sativus) (apiaceae). 201323594914
influence of field attack by carrot psyllid (trioza apicalis förster) on sensory quality, antioxidant capacity and content of terpenes, falcarindiol and 6-methoxymellein of carrots (daucus carota l.).the effect of different degrees of attack by carrot psyllid (trioza apicalis) on quality parameters of carrots was studied in field experiments for two years. treatments were different degrees of physical insect protection by floating row cover. an increasing attack level of psyllids showed an enhancement effect on the antioxidant capacity (orac), content of falcarindiol, 6-methoxymellein, and terpenes, and scores for bitter taste, chemical flavor, terpene flavor, and toughness. carrot psyllid a ...201323414489
antibiotic uptake by plants from manure-amended soils.antibiotics are extensively given to livestock to promote growth and reduce diseases. therefore, animal manure often contains antibiotics. once manure is applied to agricultural land to improve soil productivity, crops would be exposed to antibiotics which may persist in soils from a few to several hundred days. the objective of this study was to evaluate the uptake of gentamicin and streptomycin by carrot (daucus carota), lettuce (lactuca sativa) and radish (rhaphanus sativus) from manure-amend ...201323581689
identification of allergen-resolved threshold doses of carrot (daucus carota) by means of oral challenge and elisa. 201323498592
the antioxidant and anticancer effects of wild carrot oil extract.daucus carota l. ssp. carota (apiacea) is used in traditional medicine in lebanon and in different regions throughout the world. the present study investigates the in vitro anticancer activities of daucus carota oil extract (dcoe) on four human cancer cell lines as well as its in vitro antioxidant activity. dcoe was extracted from the dried umbels with 50:50 acetone-methanol. the oil extract was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and screened for its antioxidant properties in vitro ...201322815230
nutritional, physical, and sensory evaluation of hydroponic carrots (daucus carota l.) from different nutrient delivery systems.carrot (daucus carota l.) has the highest carotenoid content among foods and is consumed in large quantities worldwide, while at the same time its market demand continues to increase. carotenoids have also been associated with protective effects against cancer and other chronic diseases. the most predominant carotenoids in carrots are beta- and alpha-carotenes. moisture, ash, fat, texture, color, carotene content, and consumer acceptance of carrots grown in a hydroponic system with nutrient film ...201320492130
prediction model for cadmium transfer from soil to carrot (daucus carota l.) and its application to derive soil thresholds for food safety.at present, soil quality standards used for agriculture do not fully consider the influence of soil properties on cadmium (cd) uptake by crops. this study aimed to develop prediction models for cd transfer from a wide range of chinese soils to carrot (daucus carota l.) using soil properties and the total or available soil cd content. path analysis showed soil ph and organic carbon (oc) content were the two most significant properties exhibiting direct effects on cd uptake factor (ratio of cd con ...201324079518
dissimilarity of contemporary and historical gene flow in a wild carrot (daucus carota) metapopulation under contrasting levels of human disturbance: implications for risk assessment and management of transgene introgression.transgene introgression from crops into wild relatives may increase the resistance of wild plants to herbicides, insects, etc. the chance of transgene introgression depends not only on the rate of hybridization and the establishment of hybrids in local wild populations, but also on the metapopulation dynamics of the wild relative. the aim of the study was to estimate gene flow in a metapopulation for assessing and managing the risks of transgene introgression.201324052560
cooked carrot volatiles. aeda and odor activity comparisons. identification of linden ether as an important aroma component.ms with gc-ri evidence was found for the presence of linden ether in cooked carrot (daucus carota). evaluation of the gc effluent from cooked carrot volatiles using aroma extract dilution analysis (aeda) found linden ether with the highest flavor dilution (fd) factor. others with 10-fold lower fd factors were β-ionone, eugenol, the previously unidentified β-damascenone, (e)-2-nonenal, octanal (+ myrcene), and heptanal. all other previously identified volatiles showed lower fd factors. odor thres ...201324000828
theoretical and experimental models of hormetic fusion tubulogenesis.hormetic morphogens are morphogens such as transforming growth factor beta (tgf-β) in mammals and auxin in plants that induce hormetic responses. for example, in vitro, tgf-β stimulates and inhibits cell proliferation at low and high concentrations respectively. i developed a model of hormetic morphogen gradient control of the morphogenesis of the fusion of bilateral aortic precursors (anlagen) that form the aorta during development; and validated the model with findings obtained by daucus carot ...201323930100
biosynthesis of carotenoids in carrot: an underground story comes to light.carrot (daucus carota) is a biannual plant that accumulates massive amounts of carotenoid pigments in the storage root. although the root of carrot plants was white before domestication, intensive breeding generated the currently known carotenoid-rich varieties, including the widely popular orange carrots that accumulate very high levels of the pro-vitamin a carotenoids β-carotene and, to a lower extent, α-carotene. recent studies have shown that the developmental program responsible for the acc ...201323876238
formation of norisoprenoid flavor compounds in carrot (daucus carota l.) roots: characterization of a cyclic-specific carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 gene.carotenoids are isoprenoid pigments that upon oxidative cleavage lead to the production of norisoprenoids that have profound effect on flavor and aromas of agricultural products. the biosynthetic pathway to norisoprenoids in carrots (daucus carota l.) is still largely unknown. we found the volatile norisoprenoids farnesylacetone, α-ionone, and β-ionone accumulated in nairobi, rothild, and purple haze cultivars but not in yellowstone and creme de lite in a pattern reflecting their carotenoid cont ...201324289159
molecular characterization and pathogenicity of a carrot (daucus carota) infecting begomovirus and associated betasatellite from india.the yellow mosaic pattern and shortening of leaf petiole are common disease symptoms associated with begomovirus infection in carrot. dna from field infected carrot leaves was analyzed by rolling circle amplification and sequencing. the results established the presence of ageratum enation virus (aev), which is referred to here as ageratum enation virus-carrot (aev-car). symptomatic ageratum (ageratum conyzoides) plants, growing adjacent to the carrot fields, also showed the presence of aev (aev- ...201324512752
indirect effects on mutualisms: parasitism of bumble bees and pollination service to plants.researchers increasingly recognize the important role of mutualisms in structuring communities and view positive interactions in a community context rather than as simple pairwise interactions. indirect effects, such as those that predators have on lower trophic levels, are a key process in community ecology. however, such top-down indirect effects have rarely been extended to mutualisms. antagonists of one mutualist have the potential to negatively affect the second mutualist through negative e ...201323691664
levels of lycopene β-cyclase 1 modulate carotenoid gene expression and accumulation in daucus carota.plant carotenoids are synthesized and accumulated in plastids through a highly regulated pathway. lycopene β-cyclase (lcyb) is a key enzyme involved directly in the synthesis of α-carotene and β-carotene through the cyclization of lycopene. carotenoids are produced in both carrot (daucus carota) leaves and reserve roots, and high amounts of α-carotene and β-carotene accumulate in the latter. in some plant models, the presence of different isoforms of carotenogenic genes is associated with an org ...201323555569
variation of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of natural populations of tunisian daucus carota l. (apiaceae).the essential oils of daucus carota l. (apiaceae) seeds sampled from ten wild populations spread over northern tunisia were characterized by gc-fid and gc/ms analyses. in total, 36 compounds were identified in the d. carota seed essential oils, with a predominance of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in most samples (22.63-89.93% of the total oil composition). the main volatile compounds identified were β-bisabolene (mean content of 39.33%), sabinene (8.53%), geranyl acetate (7.12%), and elemicin (6.26 ...201324327447
biological control of meloidogyne hapla using an antagonistic bacterium.we examined the efficacy of a bacterium for biocontrol of the root-knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne hapla in carrot (daucus carota subsp. sativus) and tomato (solanum lycopersicum). among 542 bacterial isolates from various soils and plants, the highest nematode mortality was observed for treatments with isolate c1-7, which was identified as bacillus cereus based on cultural and morphological characteristics, the biolog program, and 16s rrna sequencing analyses. the population density and the nem ...201425289015
the dual role of phytoene synthase genes in carotenogenesis in carrot roots and leaves.carrot (daucus carota l.) is an important food crop and is useful for studying carotenogenesis due to the quantity and diversity of carotenoids in its roots. phytoene synthase catalyzes the first committed step in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, and its overexpression is the main driving force in the orange phenotype. at present, we lack fundamental knowledge of the role of these genes and their effects on carotenoid accumulation in leaves. in the present study, three backcross inbred lines ...201426316840
oral delivery of plant-derived hiv-1 p24 antigen in low doses shows a superior priming effect in mice compared to high doses.during early infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), there is a rapid depletion of cd4(+) t-cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (galt) in the gastrointestinal tract. therefore, immediate protection at these surfaces is of high priority for the development of an hiv-1 vaccine. thus, transgenic plants expressing hiv-1 antigens, which are exposed to immune competent cells in the galt during oral administration, can be interesting as potential vaccine candidates. in the p ...201424631072
inheritance and mapping of mj-2, a new source of root-knot nematode (meloidogyne javanica) resistance in carrot.root-knot nematodes limit carrot production around the world by inducing taproot forking and galling deformities that render carrots unmarketable. in warmer climates, meloidogyne javanica and meloidogyne incognita are most prevalent. in f2 and f3 progeny from the cross between an asian carrot resistant to m. javanica, pi 652188, and a susceptible carrot, resistance response was incompletely dominant with a relatively high heritability (h (2) = 0.78) and provided evidence for a single gene, desig ...201424336925
exploring insights for virulent gene inhibition of multidrug resistant salmonella typhi, vibrio cholerae, and staphylococcus areus by potential phytoligands via in silico screening.in our recent studies on prevalence of multidrug resistant pathogens in byramangala reservoir, karnataka, india, we identified salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus, and vibrio cholerae which had acquired multiple drug resistance (mdr) and emerged as superbugs. hence, there is a pressing demand to identify alternative therapeutic remedies. our study focused on the screening of herbal leads by structure-based virtual screening. the virulent gene products of these pathogens towards kanamycin(aph ...201423876154
effect of pulsed electric field treatment on enzyme kinetics and thermostability of endogenous ascorbic acid oxidase in carrots (daucus carota cv. nantes).the objective of this research was to study the enzyme kinetics and thermostability of endogenous ascorbic acid oxidase (aao) in carrot purée (daucus carota cv. nantes) after being treated with pulsed electric field (pef) processing. various pef treatments using electric field strength between 0.2 and 1.2kv/cm and pulsed electrical energy between 1 and 520kj/kg were conducted. the enzyme kinetics and the kinetics of aao thermal inactivation (55-70°c) were described using michaelis-menten model a ...201424176379
transcript profiling of structural genes involved in cyanidin-based anthocyanin biosynthesis between purple and non-purple carrot (daucus carota l.) cultivars reveals distinct patterns.carrots (daucus carota l.) are among the 10 most economically important vegetable crops grown worldwide. purple carrot cultivars accumulate rich cyanidin-based anthocyanins in a light-independent manner in their taproots whereas other carrot color types do not. anthocyanins are important secondary metabolites in plants, protecting them from damage caused by strong light, heavy metals, and pathogens. furthermore, they are important nutrients for human health. molecular mechanisms underlying antho ...201425269413
the efficacy of essential oils as natural preservatives in vegetable oil.the efforts for finding the natural preservatives with nontoxicity and nonirritancy have encouraged the scientists to research among the medicinal plants. the preservative efficacy of daucus carota, ferula gummosa, eugenium caryophyllata, oliveria decumbens, pelargonium graveolens, ziziphora tenuir, acorus calamus, and trachyspermum ammi essential oils on challenge test's pathogens and on pathogen's inoculated vegetable oil was evaluated by antimicrobial effectiveness test. carotol (46%), β-pine ...201424552253
diversity, genetic mapping, and signatures of domestication in the carrot (daucus carota l.) genome, as revealed by diversity arrays technology (dart) markers.carrot is one of the most economically important vegetables worldwide, but genetic and genomic resources supporting carrot breeding remain limited. we developed a diversity arrays technology (dart) platform for wild and cultivated carrot and used it to investigate genetic diversity and to develop a saturated genetic linkage map of carrot. we analyzed a set of 900 dart markers in a collection of plant materials comprising 94 cultivated and 65 wild carrot accessions. the accessions were attributed ...201424532979
sensory and health properties of steamed and boiled carrots (daucus carota ssp. sativus).this study examined the influences of domestic processing conditions applied by consumers on firmness, colour and amount of phytochemicals and liking and sensory attributes intensity rating of carrots. the aim was to identify a cooking method and time that yields carrots with higher amount of β-carotene while maintaining consumer liking. instrumentally measured firmness and colour showed comparable degradation trends between cooking methods. while boiling showed a significant decrease in the amo ...201424964285
an improved protocol for carrot haploid and doubled haploid plant production using induced parthenogenesis and ovule excision in vitro.in this work, we describe an improved protocol for induced parthenogenesis and ovule culture of carrot (daucus carota l.). the effects of pollination with parsley pollen and/or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) treatment on the stimulation of parthenogenesis were studied using heterozygous donor plants of 30 varieties and breeding populations of carrots. isolated ovules, cultured in vitro, enlarged and developed embryos or calli. the application of 2,4-d on pollinated flowers stimulated cal ...201424955000
characterization of centromeric histone h3 (cenh3) variants in cultivated and wild carrots (daucus sp.).in eukaryotes, centromeres are the assembly sites for the kinetochore, a multi-protein complex to which spindle microtubules are attached at mitosis and meiosis, thereby ensuring segregation of chromosomes during cell division. they are specified by incorporation of cenh3, a centromere specific histone h3 variant which replaces canonical histone h3 in the nucleosomes of functional centromeres. to lay a first foundation of a putative alternative haploidization strategy based on centromere-mediate ...201424887084
carrotdb: a genomic and transcriptomic database for carrot.carrot (daucus carota l.) is an economically important vegetable worldwide and is the largest source of carotenoids and provitamin a in the human diet. given the importance of this vegetable to humans, research and breeding communities on carrot should obtain useful genomic and transcriptomic information. the first whole-genome sequences of 'dc-27' carrot were de novo assembled and analyzed. transcriptomic sequences of 14 carrot genotypes were downloaded from the sequence read archive (sra) data ...201425267795
removed: protective effect of daucus carota against uv-dmba induced skin cancer in mice.this article has been removed: please see elsevier policy on article withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). this article has been removed at the request of "due to a processing error during the review process, this paper was erroneously published online prematurely. the publisher apologizes to readers and the authors for any inconvenience caused."201424812028
mapping the variation of the carrot metabolome using 1h nmr spectroscopy and consensus pca.genetic variation is the most influential factor for carrot (daucus carota l.) composition. however, difference in metabolite content between carrot varieties has not been described by nmr, although primary metabolites are important for human health and sensory properties. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of genotype on carrot metabolite composition using a (1)h nmr-based metabolomics approach. after extraction using aqueous and organic solvents, 25 hydrophilic metaboli ...201424773156
induction of extracellular defense-related proteins in suspension cultured-cells of daucus carota elicited with cyclodextrins and methyl jasmonate.suspension cultured-cells (scc) of daucus carota were used to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate and cyclodextrins, separately or in combination, on the induction of defense responses, particularly the accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins. a comparative study of the extracellular proteome (secretome) between control and elicited carrot scc pointed to the presence of amino acid sequences homologous to glycoproteins which have inhibitory activity against the cell-wall-degrading enzym ...201424589476
effect of pectin methylesterase on carrot (daucus carota) juice cloud stability.to determine the effect of residual enzyme activity on carrot juice cloud, 0 to 1 u/g pectin methylesterase (pme) was added to pasteurized carrot juice. cloud stability and particle diameters were measured to quantify juice cloud stability and clarification for 56 days of storage. all levels of pme addition resulted in clarification; higher amounts had a modest effect in causing more rapid clarification, due to a faster increase in particle size. the cloud initially exhibited a trimodal distribu ...201424401030
genetic and phenological variation of tocochromanol (vitamin e) content in wild (daucus carota l. var. carota) and domesticated carrot (d. carota l. var. sativa).carrot roots (daucus carota l. var. sativa) produce tocochromanol compounds, collectively known as vitamin e. however, little is known about their types and amounts. here we determined the range and variation in types and amounts of tocochromanols in a variety of cultivated carrot accessions throughout carrot postharvest storage and reproductive stages and in wild-type roots (daucus carota l. var. carota). of eight possible tocochromanol compounds, we detected and quantified α-, and the combined ...201426504534
combating photooxidative stress in green hairy roots of daucus carota cultivated under light irradiation.the light-dependent generation of active oxygen species, which can disrupt normal metabolic process of plant, is termed as photo-oxidative stress. plants are equipped with enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defence system to reduce the effect of such stress. hairy root culture of daucus carota when cultivated under continuous illumination (250 μmol m(-2)s(-1)) turned green. to know the reason behind that and photo-oxidative stress response in green hairy roots, activities of several antio ...201424331434
sodium-hydrogen exchanger inhibitory potential of malus domestica, musa × paradisiaca, daucus carota, and symphytum officinale.the involvement of sodium-hydrogen exchangers (nhe) has been described in the pathophysiology of diseases including ischemic heart and brain diseases, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, epilepsy, dementia, and neuropathic pain. synthetic nhe inhibitors have not achieved much clinical success; therefore, plant-derived phytoconstituents may be explored as nhe inhibitors.201424184990
removal notice to "protective effect of daucus carota against uv-dmba induced skin cancer in mice" [chem. biol. interact. 219 (2014) 48-56]. 201425606606
essential-oil composition of daucus carota ssp. major (pastinocello carrot) and nine different commercial varieties of daucus carota ssp. sativus fruits.the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the pastinocello carrot, daucus carota ssp. major (vis.) arcang. (flowers and achenes), and from nine different commercial varieties of d. carota l. ssp. sativus (achenes) was investigated by gc/ms analyses. selective breeding over centuries of a naturally occurring subspecies of the wild carrot, d. carota l. ssp. sativus, has produced the common garden vegetable with reduced bitterness, increased sweetness, and mi ...201425044588
daucus carota pentane/diethyl ether fraction inhibits motility and reduces invasion of cancer cells.daucus carota (dc) is a herb used in folklore medicine in lebanon to treat numerous diseases including cancer. recent studies in our laboratory on dc oil and its fractions revealed potent anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo. the present study aims to investigate the effect of the most potent dc fraction, pentane/diethyl ether (50:50), on lung, skin, breast and glioblastoma cancer cell motility and invasion. upon treatment, a pronounced decrease in cancer cell motility was observed in the ...201426088465
morphometrics of daucus (apiaceae): a counterpart to a phylogenomic study.molecular phylogenetics of genome-scale data sets (phylogenomics) often produces phylogenetic trees with unprecedented resolution. a companion phylogenomics analysis of daucus using 94 conserved nuclear orthologs supported many of the traditional species but showed unexpected results that require morphological analyses to help interpret them in a practical taxonomic context.201425366864
effect of acidification on carrot (daucus carota) juice cloud stability.effects of acidity on cloud stability in pasteurized carrot juice were examined over the ph range of 3.5-6.2. cloud sedimentation, particle diameter, and ζ potential were measured at each ph condition to quantify juice cloud stability and clarification during 3 days of storage. acidification below ph 4.9 resulted in a less negative ζ potential, an increased particle size, and an unstable cloud, leading to juice clarification. as the acidity increased, clarification occurred more rapidly and to a ...201425354298
mapping genes governing flower architecture and pollen development in a double mutant population of carrot.a linkage map of carrot (daucus carota l.) was developed in order to study reproductive traits. the f2 mapping population derived from an initial cross between a yellow leaf (yel) chlorophyll mutant and a compressed lamina (cola) mutant with unique flower defects of the sporophytic parts of male and female organs. the genetic map has a total length of 781 cm and included 285 loci. the length of the nine linkage groups (lgs) ranged between 65 and 145 cm. all lgs have been anchored to the referenc ...201425339960
new insights into domestication of carrot from root transcriptome analyses.understanding the molecular basis of domestication can provide insights into the processes of rapid evolution and crop improvement. here we demonstrated the processes of carrot domestication and identified genes under selection based on transcriptome analyses.201425311557
daucus carota pentane-based fractions arrest the cell cycle and increase apoptosis in mda-mb-231 breast cancer cells.daucus carota l.ssp.carota (wild carrot), an herb used in folk medicine worldwide, was recently demonstrated to exhibit anticancer activity. in this study we examined the anticancer effect of daucus carota oil extract (dcoe) fractions on the human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines mda-mb-231 and mcf-7 and clarified the mechanism of action.201425300932
effect of β-lactam antibiotics on plant regeneration in carrot protoplast cultures.protoplasts of three carrot cultivars were isolated from in vitro-grown plantlets by overnight incubation in an enzyme mixture composed of 1% (w/v) cellulase onozuka r-10 and 0.1% (w/v) pectolyase y-23. after cell immobilization in modified thin alginate layers, three types of β-lactam antibiotics (cefotaxime, carbenicillin, or timentin) at five different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400, or 500 mg l(-1)) were added to the culture medium. in 20-d-old cultures, a different number of cell coloni ...201425298730
screening for bioactive metabolites in plant extracts modulating glucose uptake and fat accumulation.dichloromethane and methanol extracts of seven different food and medicinal plants were tested in a screening platform for identification of extracts with potential bioactivity related to insulin-dependent glucose uptake and fat accumulation. the screening platform included a series of in vitro bioassays, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar) γ-mediated transactivation, adipocyte differentiation of 3t3-l1 cell cultures, and glucose uptake in both 3t3-l1 adipocytes and primary porcine ...201425254050
an improved uhplc-uv method for separation and quantification of carotenoids in vegetable crops.carotenoid identification and quantitation is critical for the development of improved nutrition plant varieties. industrial analysis of carotenoids is typically carried out on multiple crops with potentially thousands of samples per crop, placing critical needs on speed and broad utility of the analytical methods. current chromatographic methods for carotenoid analysis have had limited industrial application due to their low throughput, requiring up to 60 min for complete separation of all comp ...201425038701
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