Publications

in situ simultaneous analysis of polyacetylenes, carotenoids and polysaccharides in carrot roots.	this paper presents an approach to simultaneously analyze polyacetylenes, carotenoids, and polysaccharides in carrot (daucus carota l.) roots by means of raman spectroscopy. the components were measured in situ in the plant tissue without any preliminary sample preparation. the analysis is based on the intensive and characteristic key bands observed in the raman spectrum of carrot root. the molecular structures of the main carrot polyacetylenes, falcarinol and falcarindiol, are similar, but thei ...	2005	16104767
stereoselective reduction of ketones by daucus carota hairy root cultures.	reduction of acetophenone by daucus carota hairy root cultures afforded (s)-phenylethanol in high yield (96%) and excellent enantiomeric excess (ee>or=98%). aromatic ketones, keto esters, and a simple aliphatic ketone were reduced with good stereoselectivity (ee=62-98%) and moderate to high chemical yields (25-90%).	2005	16049739
adaptations required for mitochondrial import following mitochondrial to nucleus gene transfer of ribosomal protein s10.	the minimal requirements to support protein import into mitochondria were investigated in the context of the phenomenon of ongoing gene transfer from the mitochondrion to the nucleus in plants. ribosomal protein 10 of the small subunit is encoded in the mitochondrion in soybean and many other angiosperms, whereas in several other species it is nuclear encoded and thus must be imported into the mitochondrial matrix to function. when encoded by the nuclear genome, it has adopted different strategi ...	2005	16040655
structural analysis of xyloglucans in the primary cell walls of plants in the subclass asteridae.	the structures of xyloglucans from several plants in the subclass asteridae were examined to determine how their structures vary in different taxonomic orders. xyloglucans, solubilized from plant cell walls by a sequential (enzymatic and chemical) extraction procedure, were isolated, and their structures were characterized by nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. all campanulids examined, including lactuca sativa (lettuce, order asterales), tenacetum ptarmiciflorum (dusty miller, order asteral ...	2005	15975566
biosynthesis of mono- and sesquiterpenes in carrot roots and leaves (daucus carota l.): metabolic cross talk of cytosolic mevalonate and plastidial methylerythritol phosphate pathways.	the biosynthesis of the monoterpenes terpinolene and myrcene and the sesquiterpene beta-caryophyllene in roots and leaves of two carrot varieties (daucus carota l. cultivars bolero and kazan) were investigated by in vivo feeding experiments with [5,5-2h2]-mevalonic acid lactone (d2-mvl) and [5,5-2h2]-1-deoxy-d-xylulose (d2-dox). the volatiles of the tissues were extracted by stir bar sorptive extraction and analyzed using thermal desorption-multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ...	2005	15680987
crotonic acid as a bioactive factor in carrot seeds (daucus carota l.).	water extracts from the carrot seed (daucus carota l.) var. perfekcja exhibit plant growth inhibitory properties against cress, cucumber, onion and carrot in a dose-dependant manner. this property results from the action of low-and high-molecular components of the extract. the low-molecular component was identified as crotonic acid ((e)-2-butenoic acid). its presence was also confirmed in other late varieties of carrot. the determined strong herbicidal properties of crotonic acid and its availab ...	2005	15960983
construction of a micro-library enriched with genomic replication origins of carrot somatic embryos by laser microdissection.	in this paper, we describe an effective method for constructing a micro-library enriched with chromosomal dna replication origins. carrot (daucus carota l.) somatic embryos at early globular stage were incubated for 15 min in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) to pulse label newly synthesized dna strands. nuclei were isolated from the cells, and the dna was extracted on microscopic slides. dna fibers spread on slides were visualized using anti-brdu and fitc-conjugated secondary antibodies. ...	2005	15936205
drought-inducible-but aba-independent-thaumatin-like protein from carrot (daucus carota l.).	drought treatment induces the accumulation of dctlp, which is similar in structure to the thaumatin-like proteins (tlps) found in the embryogenic calli, seedlings, and mature plants of carrot (daucus carota). we isolated a full-length dctlp cdna clone from carrot and characterized the 5' upstream sequences. the coding region of dctlp consisted of 645 nucleotides; the theoretical pi value was 4.9, and its molecular weight was approximately 22 kda. the production of dctlp transcripts in the seedli ...	2005	15789205
relationship of carotenoids and tocopherols in a sample of carrot root-color accessions and carrot germplasm carrying rp and rp alleles.	carotenoids and tocopherols are powerful antioxidants synthesized in plants from a common precursor. they may offer significant health benefits to humans. seed oils have been shown to possess high levels of tocopherols, but little is known about their levels in the edible portions of most vegetable crops. a two-year field experiment was conducted at two locations to assess levels of major carotenoids and tocopherols in carrot (daucus carota) root and leaf tissue. levels of compounds in root tiss ...	2005	15656668
effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the root uptake and translocation of radiocaesium.	because mycorrhizal fungi are intimately associated with plant roots, their importance in radionuclide (rn) recycling and subsequent dispersion into the biosphere has received an increasing interest. recently, the capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to take up and translocate radiocaesium to their host was demonstrated. however, the relative contribution of these processes in comparison to the ones of roots remains unknown. here, the respective contributions of the hyphae of a glomus specie ...	2005	15620597
[the characteristics of nuclear/cytoplasmic genomes of asymmetric somatic hybrid of daucus carota var. sativa and swertia mussotii].	protoplasts of swertia mussotii irradiated by ultra-violet light (uv) 260 microw/cm(2) were fused with protoplasts of daucus carota var. sativa using the peg method. analysis of 5s rdna spacer sequences and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) showed the presence and combination of nuclear dna from both parents. all hybrids mainly contained genomes of d. carota (receptor) rapd bands, and a few donor rapd bands of s. mussotii. there is no obvious relationship between the nuclear dna compositio ...	2005	15961899
a mitochondrial plasmid and plasmid-like rna and dna polymerases encoded within the mitochondrial genome of carrot (daucus carota l.).	the mitochondrial genome of mitochondrial type (mitotype) sw3 of carrot (daucus carota l.) encodes intact reading frames for a rna polymerase (rpo) and a dna polymerase (dpo) similar to those encoded by linear mitochondrial plasmids from plants. a blast search of translated nucleotide sequences in genbank revealed previously unreported plasmid-like rpo or dpo sequence fragments in many plant mitochondrial dnas. phylogenetic analyses of the relationships between mitochondrial (mt)dna-encoded and ...	2005	15549316
response to cadmium of daucus carota hairy roots dual cultures with glomus intraradices or gigaspora margarita.	ri t-dna-transformed carrot roots were cultivated in two experiments either non-inoculated or inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi glomus intraradices or gigaspora margarita. the influence of two concentrations of cadmium (cd) in the medium (2 mg l(-1), 4 mg l(-1)) on both root and mycelium growth was tested. both parameters were estimated at 10-day intervals for 70 or 100 days for g. intraradices and gi. margarita, respectively. in the first experiment, g. intraradices showed a ...	2005	15517423
evolution of endogenous hormone concentration in embryogenic cultures of carrot during early expression of somatic embryogenesis.	embryogenic callus and suspension cultures of carrot (daucus carota l., cv. nantaise), growing on/in medium including 1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-d), were transferred to medium with or without this plant growth regulator, to impair or induce, respectively, further development of somatic embryos. the endogenous hormone levels of the cultures were determined over 7 days by means of radio-immunoassay, to characterize their evolution in the initial stages of embryo development. in ge ...	2005	15375630
possible involvement of abscisic acid in the induction of secondary somatic embryogenesis on seed-coat-derived carrot somatic embryos.	when seed coats (pericarps) were picked from 14-day-old carrot (daucus carota) seedlings and cultured on agar plates, embryogenic cell clusters were produced very rapidly at a high frequency on the open side edge. embryo induction progressed without auxin treatment; indeed treatment caused the formation of non-embryogenic callus. the embryogenic tissues (primary embryos) developed normally until the torpedo stage; however, after this a number of secondary somatic embryos were produced in the hyp ...	2005	15770487
image analysis and in vivo imaging as tools for investigation of productivity dynamics in anthocyanin-producing cell cultures of daucus carota.	an anthocyanin-producing suspension culture of daucus carota (l.) cv. flakkese was used as model system to study secondary metabolite production in cell culture at the individual cell level. an approach was set up in which growth and production of anthocyanins were investigated using a combination of biochemical analysis, image (colour) analysis and in vivo imaging. this novel approach was used to segment the culture in different subpopulations and dissect the productive process in the cell cult ...	2005	15760374
combined effects of coating, modified atmosphere packaging, and gamma irradiation on quality maintenance of ready-to-use carrots (daucus carota).	the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an edible coating combined with modified atmosphere (ma; 60% o2, 30% co2, and 10% n2) packaging and gamma irradiation on the microbiological stability and physicochemical quality of minimally processed carrots. a coating based on calcium caseinate and whey protein isolates was used. coated and uncoated peeled minicarrots were packed under the ma or air (78.1% n2, 20.9% o2, and 0.036% co2), irradiated at 0.5 or 1 kgy, and stored at 4 +/- 1 ...	2005	15726981
phosphate uptake, transport and transfer by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus intraradices is stimulated by increased carbohydrate availability.	* the influence of carbohydrate availability to mycorrhizal roots on uptake, metabolism and translocation of phosphate (p) by the fungus was examined in axenic cultures of transformed carrot (daucus carota) roots in symbiosis with glomus intraradices. * 14c-labelled carbohydrates, 33p-phosphate and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis were used to follow the uptake and transfer of c and p in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis. * the uptake of p by the extraradical mycelium (erm) and its ...	2005	15720701
influence of washing treatment and storage atmosphere on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and phenolic acid content of minimally processed carrot sticks.	the influence of washing uncut and shredded carrots (daucus carota l. ssp. sativa var. bangor) with chlorinated and ozonated water, respectively, as well as the storage of the produce under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively, on pal activity and synthesis of phenolic compounds have been evaluated on pilot plant scale. inherent raw material inhomogeneity was compensated by pooling large sized samples, and frequent sampling ensured significant data. pal activity was induced by processi ...	2005	15713021
influence of carrot psyllid (trioza apicalis) feeding or exogenous limonene or methyl jasmonate treatment on composition of carrot (daucus carota) leaf essential oil and headspace volatiles.	the effect of carrot psyllid (trioza apicalis förster) feeding and limonene and methyl jasmonate (meja) treatments on the essential oil composition and headspace volatiles of carrot (daucus carota ssp. sativus), cvs. parano and splendid, leaves was studied. carrot psyllid feeding significantly increased the concentrations of sabinene, beta-pinene, and limonene, whereas limonene treatment increased the concentration of (z)-beta-ocimene in the leaves of both cultivars. the limonene treatment signi ...	2005	16248564
the influence of external nitrogen on carbon allocation to glomus intraradices in monoxenic arbuscular mycorrhiza.	the influence of external nitrogen (n) on carbon (c) allocation and processes related to phosphorus (p) metabolism were studied in monoxenic arbuscular mycorrhiza (am) cultures of daucus carota. fungal hyphae of glomus intraradices proliferated from colonized roots growing on solid medium into c-free liquid minimal medium with two different n and p levels. furthermore, we exposed the colonized roots to high or low n availability and then studied the mycelial development. roots were provided with ...	2005	16313649
particle surface characteristics may play an important role in phytotoxicity of alumina nanoparticles.	the phytotoxicity of alumina nanoparticles loaded with and without phenanthrene (phen) was investigated by means of root elongation (re) experiments in this study. five plant species, zea mays (corn), cucumis sativus (cucumber), glycine max (soybean), brassica oleracea (cabbage), and daucus carota (carrot) were used in our study of phytotoxicity by root elongation experiments. the surface characteristics of phen-loaded and phen-nonloaded nanoparticles were investigated using the fourier transfor ...	2005	16039401
crosstalk between aba and auxin signaling pathways in roots of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh.	studies of abscisic acid (aba) and auxin have revealed that these pathways impinge on each other. the daucus carota (l.) dc3 promoter: uida (beta-glucuronidase: gus) chimaeric reporter (prodc3:gus) is induced by aba, osmoticum, and the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in vegetative tissues of transgenic arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. here, we describe the root tissue-specific expression of prodc3:gus in the aba-insensitive-2 (abi2-1), auxin-insensitive-1 (aux1), auxin-resistant-4 (axr4), and r ...	2005	15889272
n-acetyl glutamate kinase from daucus carota suspension cultures: embryogenic expression profile, purification and characterization.	in daucus carota, n-acetylglutamate-5-phosphotransferase (nagk; e.c. 2.7.2.8) specific activity was shown to correlate with the progression of somatic embryogenesis and was highest in the latter stages, where growth was most rapid. the enzyme was subsequently purified greater than 1200-fold using heat treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, anion exchange and dye ligand chromatography. carrot nagk was shown to have a subunit molecular weight of 31 kda and form a hexamer. the k ...	2005	16289950
molecular evolution of flavonoid dioxygenases in the family apiaceae.	plant species of the family apiaceae are known to accumulate flavonoids mainly in the form of flavones and flavonols. three 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, flavone synthase or flavanone 3 beta-hydroxylase and flavonol synthase are involved in the biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites. the corresponding genes were cloned recently from parsley (petroselinum crispum) leaves. flavone synthase i appears to be confined to the apiaceae, and the unique occurrence as well as its high sequenc ...	2005	15913674
[the influence of gibberellic acid on the synthesis of anthocyanin in tissue cultures of daucus carota (author's transl)].		2005	1187874
beet leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) settling behavior, survival, and reproduction on selected host plants.	experiments were conducted to determine the settling behavior, survival, and reproduction of the beet leafhopper, circulifer tenellus (baker), when maintained on selected host plants. this leafhopper was recently identified in the columbia basin of washington and oregon as the probable vector of the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent phytoplasma, causal agent of several vegetable crop diseases, including potato purple top. plants selected for study were sugar beet, beta vulgaris l.; ra ...	2005	16539100
evaluation of fungicides for the control of carrot cavity spot.	cavity spot is one of the most common and serious diseases of carrot (daucus carota l). the disease, caused by different species of pythium, including p. violae chesters & hickman, p. sulcatum pratt & mitchell and p. sylvaticum campbell & hendrix, leads to frequent high rejection rates during grading worldwide. in the area of the city of québec, the disease is caused mainly by p. sulcatum, p. sylvaticum and p. macrosporum vaartaja & van der plaats-niterink. cavity spot can be controlled with met ...	2005	15880371
rare trisubstituted sesquiterpenes daucanes from the wild daucus carota.	phytochemical and biological investigation of the roots of the wild daucus carota ssp. carota afforded three new and four known compounds, including four sesquiterpenes daucane esters (1-3 [new], and 4), one polyacetylene (5), one sesquiterpene coumarin (6), and sitosterol glucoside. the structures of the new compounds were determined by comprehensive nmr studies, including dept, cosy, noesy, hmqc and hmbc analyses. based on an agar diffusion assay, 1, 2 and 4-6 were screened and found to contai ...	2005	15964039
tissue-dependent distribution and accumulation of chlorobenzenes by vegetables in urban area.	five seasonal vegetables from three growing sites in hangzhou city, zhejiang province, were studied for the levels of four chlorobenzenes(cbs): o-dichlorobenzene (o-dcb), p-dichlorobenzene (p-dcb), m-dichlorobenzene (m-dcb), and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-tcb). samples of each vegetable from each site were subdivided into leaves, stems, and roots, and these subsamples were analyzed separately for the levels of accumulated cbs. relations between the levels of cbs in vegetables with the total o ...	2005	16002141
the assessment of biological activities associated with the major constituents of the methanol extract of 'wild carrot' (daucus carota l) seeds.	daucus carota l. (family: apiaceae alt. umbelliferae), commonly known as 'wild carrot' or 'queen anne's-lace,' is an ecologically invasive erect biennial naturalized to scotland. the ethnobotanical uses of this species include applications in the treatment of cough, diarrhea, dysentery, cancer, malaria and tumors, and as an antiseptic, abortifacient, aphrodisiac, carminative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. the major constituents isolated from the methanol extract of d. carota seeds by reversed- ...	2005	16093236
abscisic acid-inducible nuclear proteins bind to bipartite promoter elements required for aba response and embryo-regulated expression of the carrot dc3 gene.	the carrot (daucus carota l.) lea-class gene dc3 is expressed in developing seeds and in vegetative tissues subject to drought and treatment with exogenous abscisic acid (aba). cis regulatory elements involved in seed-specific expression and in response to aba were identified in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) using beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene constructs containing a series of deletion and orientation mutants of the dc3 promoter. these experiments demonstrated that the dc3 p ...	2005	15378369
influence of antimicrobial compounds and modified atmosphere packaging on radiation sensitivity of listeria monocytogenes present in ready-to-use carrots (daucus carota).	radiosensitization of listeria monocytogenes was determined in the presence of trans-cinnamaldehyde, spanish oregano, winter savory, and chinese cinnamon on peeled minicarrots packed under air or under a modified atmosphere (60% o2, 30% co2, and 10% n2). samples were inoculated with l. monocytogenes hpb 2812 serovar 1/2a (106 cfu/g) and were coated separately with each active compound (0.5%, wt/wt) before being packaged under air or the modified atmosphere and irradiated at doses from 0.07 to 2. ...	2006	16416924
radiation processing to ensure safety of minimally processed carrot (daucus carota) and cucumber (cucumis sativus): optimization of dose for the elimination of salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes.	minimally processed vegetables are in demand, because they offer convenience to consumers. however, these products are often unsafe because of possible contamination with pathogens, such as salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7, and shigella species. therefore, this study was carried out to optimize the radiation dose necessary to ensure the safety of precut carrot and cucumber. decimal reduction doses (d-values) of salmonella typhimurium mtcc 98 were ca. 0.164 kgy in carrot samples and 0.178 kgy ...	2006	16496592
green fluorescent protein as an efficient selection marker for agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated carrot transformation.	agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation combined with a visual selection for green fluorescent protein (gfp) has been applied effectively in carrot (daucus carota l.) transformation. carrot root discs were inoculated with a4, a4t, lba1334 and lba9402 strains, all bearing gfp gene in pbin-m-gfp5-er. the results indicate that transformed adventitious roots can be visually selected solely based on gfp fluorescence with a very high accuracy. the method requires no selection agents like anti ...	2006	16247612
combined effects of antimicrobial coating, modified atmosphere packaging, and gamma irradiation on listeria innocua present in ready-to-use carrots (daucus carota).	the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an edible antimicrobial coating combined with modified atmosphere (ma) packaging (60% o2, 30% co2, and 10% n2) and gamma irradiation on peeled minicarrots inoculated with listeria innocua. carrots were inoculated with l. innocua (10(3) cfu/g) and then coated with an antimicrobial coating based on calcium caseinate containing trans-cinnamaldehyde. the same formulation without trans-cinnamaldehyde was used as an inactive coating. coated and ...	2006	16416904
use of bacterial quorum-sensing components to regulate gene expression in plants.	we describe an efficient inducible system to regulate gene expression in plants based on quorum-sensing components found in gram-negative bacteria such as agrobacterium tumefaciens. these bacteria monitor their own population density by utilizing members of the n-acyl homoserine lactone family as inducers and a transcriptional activator as its receptor. in our study, we utilize the components from a. tumefaciens (i.e. 3-oxooctanyl-l-homoserine lactone [oohl]) synthesized by the trai protein and ...	2006	16607032
reduced expression of top1beta gene induces programmed cell death and alters ascorbate metabolism in daucus carota cultured cells.	topoisomerase i (topo i) is a nuclear enzyme which plays a fundamental role in several pathways involving changes in dna topology. the topo i-mediated reaction is accomplished by the transient covalent binding of the enzyme to dna (topo i-dna complex). stabilization of the topo i-dna complex, leading to irreversible double-strand breaks, has been reported to occur in animal cells under oxidative stress conditions and during apoptosis. in order to study the existence of a putative link between th ...	2006	16717060
pharmacological evidence for the potential of daucus carota in the management of cognitive dysfunctions.	the present study was aimed at investigating the effects of daucus carota seeds on cognitive functions, total serum cholesterol levels and brain cholinesterase activity in mice. the ethanolic extract of daucus carota seeds (dce) was administered orally in three doses (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) for seven successive days to different groups of young and aged mice. elevated plus maze and passive avoidance apparatus served as the exteroceptive behavioral models for testing memory. diazepam-, scopolamine- ...	2006	16755009
cultivation of garden vegetables in peoria pool sediments from the illinois river: a case study in trace element accumulation and dietary exposures.	this case study was conducted to evaluate the use of reclaimed lake sediment as a growth media for vegetable production and to estimate whether accumulation of micronutrients and heavy metals in the vegetables would impact human nutrition or health, respectively. five plant species, bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), broccoli (brassica oleracea l.), carrot (daucus carota l.), pepper (capsicum annum l.), and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum l.), were grown in pots containing either reclaimed sediment f ...	2006	16650471
carrot antifreeze protein does not exhibit the polygalacturonase-inhibiting activity of pgip family.	the carrot (daucus carota) antifreeze protein (dcafp) has a strong antifreeze activity and identified as belonging to the plant polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) family based on its sequence similarities, including the presence of a leucine-rich repeat (lrr) motif. in this study, yeast two-hybrid technology was used to analyze whether the carrot afp could act as a pgip. the complete dcafp and polygalacturonase (pgase; obtained from fungus alternaria alternata by rt-pcr) coding sequence ...	2006	17112975
carrot (daucus carota l.).	plants are susceptible to infection by a broad range of fungal pathogens. many horticulturally important crop species lack adequate genetic resistance to disease. studies on potential mechanisms of disease resistance in plants have revealed the importance of a range of pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins with antifungal activity in reducing colonization of plant tissues by pathogens. we are evaluating a range of pr-proteins, through heterologous expression in transgenic carrot tissues, for their ...	2006	17033046
[photosynthetic characteristics and coenological survey of lactuca serriola in its invaded area].	lactuca serriola, a national class quarantine object, is a new invasive species in the coastal area of southeast china. the coenological survey showed that because of its big individual, l. serriola could easily form dominant population in its invaded area, and its main accompany species were conyza canadensis, c. bonarinisis, bidentis bipinnata, oenothera laciniata, ipomoea hederacea, setaria viridis, daucus carota, xanthium sibiricum, erigeron annuus, l. indica, humulus scandens, solanum nigru ...	2006	17330472
introduction of the carrot hsp17.7 into potato (solanum tuberosum l.) enhances cellular membrane stability and tuberization in vitro.	we have examined the ability of a carrot (daucus carota l.) heat shock protein gene encoding hsp17.7 (dchsp17.7) to confer enhanced heat tolerance to potato (solanum tuberosum l.), a cool-season crop. the dchsp17.7 gene was fused to a 6xhistidine (his) tag to distinguish the engineered protein from endogenous potato proteins and was introduced into the potato cultivar 'désirée' under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. western analysis showed that engineered dchsp17. ...	2006	17086756
effect of p availability on temporal dynamics of carbon allocation and glomus intraradices high-affinity p transporter gene induction in arbuscular mycorrhiza.	arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi depend on a c supply from the plant host and simultaneously provide phosphorus to the colonized plant. we therefore evaluated the influence of external p on c allocation in monoxenic daucus carota-glomus intraradices cultures in an am symbiosis. fungal hyphae proliferated from a solid minimal medium containing colonized roots into a c-free liquid minimal medium with high or low p availability. roots and hyphae were harvested periodically, and the flow of c from ...	2006	16751522
complete plastid genome sequence of daucus carota: implications for biotechnology and phylogeny of angiosperms.	carrot (daucus carota) is a major food crop in the us and worldwide. its capacity for storage and its lifecycle as a biennial make it an attractive species for the introduction of foreign genes, especially for oral delivery of vaccines and other therapeutic proteins. until recently efforts to express recombinant proteins in carrot have had limited success in terms of protein accumulation in the edible tap roots. plastid genetic engineering offers the potential to overcome this limitation, as dem ...	2006	16945140
availability of arsenic, copper, lead, thallium, and zinc to various vegetables grown in slag-contaminated soils.	to anticipate a possible hazard resulting from the plant uptake of metals from slag-contaminated soils, it is useful to study whether vegetables exist that are able to mobilize a given metal in the slag to a larger proportion than in an uncontaminated control soil. for this purpose, we studied the soil to plant transfer of arsenic, copper, lead, thallium, and zinc by the vegetables bean (phaseolus vulgaris l. 'dwarf bean modus'), kohlrabi (brassica oleracea var. gongylodes l.), mangold (beta vul ...	2006	11401283
influence of plant growth on degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in sludge-amended soil.	widespread application of sewage sludge to agricultural soils in denmark has led to concern about the possible accumulation and effects of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (las) in the soil ecosystem. therefore, we have studied the uptake and degradation of las in greenhouse pot experiments. sewage sludge was incorporated into a sandy soil to give a range from very low to very high applications (0.4 to 90 mg dry wt. ha(-1)). in addition, las was added as water solutions. the soil was transferred to ...	2006	11476504
simulation of germination of pioneer species along an experimental drought gradient.	the germination of ten plant species from the iberian peninsula was assessed along a water deficit gradient between -0. 1652 (moist) and -0.4988 mpa (dry) of osmotic potential, created by addition of increasing concentrations of polyethylene glycol (peg 6000) to distilled water in which plants were grown hydroponically. the level and rate of germination of daucus carota and thapsia villosa significantly decreased with decreasing psi. seeds of dactylis glomerata and dittrichia viscosa had positiv ...	2006	17405330
efficacy of eight larvicidal botanical extracts from khaya senegalensis and daucus carota against culex annulirostris.	the failure to discover a significant new class of insecticides has led many researchers back to biodiscovery studies in the search for new and economically viable alternatives. after a preliminary screening of botanical extracts using descending series of concentrations (1,000, 500, 100, 50, and 5 mg/liter), 8 extracts from 2 potential botanical agents, khaya senegalensis (desrousseaux) and daucus carota l., were tested against 4th instars of culex annulirostris (skuse) following the standard w ...	2006	17067042
seed germination in response to chemicals: effect of nitrogen and ph in the media.	seed germination generally presents a peak in the next growing season after a fire. among other factors associated with fire are the increase of soil nitrogen and changes in the ph of the soil. in this study, we addressed the question, whether or not the germination response of eight species is linked with the increase in ph and nitrogenous compounds in the germination media? we assessed the separate and combined effects of nitrogenous compounds and ph on the percentage and rate of germination o ...	2006	16850869
the effects of excess boron with niacin on daucus carota l. (carrot) root callus.	niacin (nicotinic acid, b3 vitamin) may be involved in reduction of toxic effects of boron by regulating growth metabolism. this study was designed to examine whether external niacin treatment would improve the boron mobility in carrot callus cells or not. the results showed that excess boron caused tracheary inversions in meristematic root tissue, and also a shortage was seen in tracheary lengths with boric acid treatment. boron excess induced the plant tolerance to water stress inverting the t ...	2006	16646529
redox modulation of the activity of dna topoisomerase i from carrot (daucus carota) mitochondria.		2006	11712157
two sweetpotato adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase isoforms are regulated antagonistically in response to sucrose content in storage roots.	the transcriptional regulation of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase) genes in detached leaves in response to exogenous sucrose has been investigated earlier; however the effects of endogenous sucrose on agpase gene transcription in leaves or starch-accumulating tissues have not yet been determined. we therefore have investigated the relationship between endogenous sucrose content in the storage tissues of sweetpotato (ipomoea batatas cv. yulmi) and the rate of transcription of the two sweetp ...	2006	16338103
master: a novel family of pif/harbinger-like transposable elements identified in carrot (daucus carota l.).	members of a novel master family of class ii transposons were identified in the carrot genome. two elements, 2.5 kb long dcmaster1 and 4.4 kb long dcmaster-a, are characterized by 22 bp imperfect terminal inverted repeats and by 3 bp target site duplications. genbank search revealed that related elements are also present in medicago truncatula, including a 5.1 kb element mtmaster-a. both dcmaster-a and mtmaster-a contain open reading frames encoding for putative transposases with the complete dd ...	2006	16482474
uptake and transformation of phenol and chlorophenols by hairy root cultures of daucus carota, ipomoea batatas and solanum aviculare.	hairy root cultures of daucus carota l., ipomoea batatas l. and solanum aviculare forst were investigated for their susceptibility to the highly toxic pollutants phenol and chlorophenols and for the involvement of inherent peroxidases in the removal of phenols from liquid media. roots of d. carota grew normally in medium containing 1000 micromol l(-1) of phenol, whilst normal growth of roots of i. batatas and s. aviculare was only possible at levels up to 500 micromol l(-1). in the presence of c ...	2006	16364403
carrot infection by alternaria radicina in field conditions and results of laboratory tests.	carrot black rot caused by the fungus alternaria radicina (meier) drechsler et eddy, the economically important disease of carrot (daucus carota l.). research was carried out in 2004 and 2005 in order to establish correlation between plant infestation in the field and laboratory experiments. to determine the incidence and severity of the disease in mature crop, a 5-degree scale was used, where 1 meant no visible disease symptoms and 5 meant total foliage infestation. plants were rated individual ...	2006	17390868
kdc2, a functional homomeric potassium channel expressed during carrot embryogenesis.	in daucus carota, the model system for embryogenesis, it has been demonstrated that potassium and k(+) selective channels are involved in embryo development. here, we report the isolation and cloning of a new carrot shaker-like potassium channel, potassium d. carota channel 2 (kdc2), whose expression pattern during somatic embryogenesis proceeds along with the establishment of the polar axes and the settlement of the hypocotyl region. in plants, kdc2 transcript is localized at the shoot level, i ...	2006	16934807
stoichiometry studies reveal functional properties of kdc1 in plant shaker potassium channels.	functional heteromeric plant shaker potassium channels can be formed by the assembly of subunits from different tissues, as well as from diverse plant species. kdc1 (k(+) daucus carota 1) produces inward-rectifying currents in xenopus oocytes when coexpressed with kat1 and other subunits appertaining to different plant shaker subfamilies. owing to the presence of kdc1, resulting heteromeric channels display slower activation kinetics, a shift of the activation threshold toward more negative memb ...	2006	16920836
daucus carota l. mediated bioreduction of prochiral ketones.	stereoselective reductions of ketones to secondary alcohols are of the utmost importance in organic synthesis. very high selectivities are observed with traditional reducing agents, mainly based on boron or transition metals, complexed with chiral ligands. bioreductions mediated by intact cells from cut plants, vegetables and fruits are attractive alternatives and could facilitate transition towards a more biobased economy. this emerging area highlights the recent results obtained in the aqueous ...	2006	16763677
tissue-specific accumulation of carotenoids in carrot roots.	raman spectroscopy can be used for sensitive detection of carotenoids in living tissue and raman mapping provides further information about their spatial distribution in the measured plant sample. in this work, the relative content and distribution of the main carrot (daucus carota l.) root carotenoids, alpha-, beta-carotene, lutein and lycopene were assessed using near-infrared fourier transform raman spectroscopy. the pigments were measured simultaneously in situ in root sections without any p ...	2006	16699778
cryopreservation of carrot (daucus carota l.) cell suspensions and protoplasts by vitrification.	carrot cell suspensions and protoplasts were successfully cryopreserved by vitrification. cells were precultured in liquid murashige and skoog medium containing 0.175 m sucrose for 3 d and then in liquid ms medium containing 0.4 m sorbitol for 1 d. after loading of the precultured carrot cells in 25 % pvs2 at room temperature for 5 min and treatment with 100 % pvs2 at 0 degrees c for 7.5 min, they were quenched in liquid nitrogen. optimal survival was 83.3 % (based on the triphenyl tetrazolium c ...	2006	12644854
characterization of the non-specific lipid transfer protein ep2 from carrot (daucus carota l.).	the extracellular protein ep2 was previously identified as non-specific lipid transfer protein based on its cdna-derived amino acid sequence. here, the purification of the ep2 protein from the medium of somatic embryo cultures is described. after two cycles of ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography, a single silver-stained protein band with an apparent molecular mass of 10 kda was observed on sds-page. this protein band was recognized by the antiserum raised against a ep2-beta-galactosid ...	2006	8232259
improvement of texture properties and flavor of frozen dough by carrot (daucus carota) antifreeze protein supplementation.	the effects of concentrated carrot protein (ccp) containing 15.4% (w/w) carrot (daucus carota) antifreeze protein on texture properties of frozen dough and volatile compounds of crumb were studied. ccp supplementation lowered the freezable water content of the dough, resulting in some beneficial effects including holding loaf volume steadily and making the dough softer and steadier during frozen storage. furthermore, spme-gc-ms analysis showed ccp supplementation did not give any negative influe ...	2007	17935294
differential effects of hexaconazole and paclobutrazol on biomass, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant potential of daucus carota l.	the application of triazole fungicides is a common practice in the cultivation of carrot (daucus carota l.) plants. it is there for seems important to test the changes that are occurring in this food crop under triazoles, the non-traditional plant growth regulators, treatments in order to identify the extent to which it tolerate the fungicide application and thereby make it an economical food crop. a field experiment was conducted to find out the effects of two triazole fungicides (hexaconazole ...	2007	17644352
determination of polyacetylenes in carrot roots (daucus carota l.) by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection.	a new high-performance liquid chromatographic method with diode array detection was developed for the separation and simultaneous determination of the carrot polyacetylenes falcarindiol (fadoh), falcarindiol 3-acetate (fadoac) and falcarinol (faoh) in carrot root extracts. the optimal chromatographic conditions were achieved on a c18 column with a linear gradient elution of water and acetonitrile as mobile phases, at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. all calibration curves of the three carrot polyace ...	2007	17444217
the dcmaster transposon display maps polymorphic insertion sites in the carrot (daucus carota l.) genome.	dcmaster is a family of pif/harbinger-like class ii transposable elements identified in carrot. we present a modified transposon display molecular marker system allowing amplification of genomic regions containing dcmaster elements. we scored 77 dcmaster transposon display (dcmtd) amplicons, of which 54 (70%) were segregating in the f(2) progeny from the cross between wild and cultivated carrot. segregating amplicons were incorporated into a previously developed molecular linkage map of carrot. ...	2007	17011731
the impact of cu treatment on phenolic and polyamine levels in plant material regenerated from embryos obtained in anther culture of carrot.	the influence of copper sulphate on the regeneration of carrot (daucus carota l.) androgenic embryos and changes in the levels of phenolic substances and polyamines that might be indicative of the response to oxidative stress were investigated. the cultivation on the regeneration medium supplemented with cu(2+) at the concentrations 1 and 10 microm for 15 weeks resulted in significant dose-dependent inhibition of the growth and organogenic ability of carrot embryos. the total content of phenolic ...	2007	17303431
simultaneous modelling of the thermal degradation kinetics of pectin methylesterase in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) and carrot (daucus carota l.) extracts: analysis of seasonal variation and tissue type.	the thermal degradation kinetics of pectin methylesterase (pme) from carrot and lettuce were studied. fresh extracts were exposed to temperatures from 55 to 70 degrees c until the enzyme was inactivated. a model based on the presence of two forms of the enzyme, one active and one non-active, is proposed. the natural variability of the pme activity was taken into the model in the form of normally distributed random effects. the common model parameters obtained (cleavage constant (0.0395+/-0.0062 ...	2007	17928712
cloning and expression of dcga gene encoding alpha subunit of gtp-binding protein in carrot seedlings.	a homology-based cloning strategy yielded a cdna clone designated dcga, presumably encoding alpha subunit of gtp-binding protein, from carrot (daucus carota) seedlings. molecular phylogenetic tree analysis of g protein alpha subunits from various biological sources suggested that, unlike in animal cells, classification of galpha proteins into specific subfamilies could not be applicable to the proteins from higher plants. the restriction digests prepared from genomic dna of carrot showed one or ...	2007	17827744
plasma membrane "rosettes" in carrot and sycamore suspension culture cells.	suspension culture cells of carrot, daucus carota l., and sycamore, acer pseudoplatanus l., were freeze-fractured after ultrarapid freezing without fixation or cryoprotection in a propane-jet freezer. infrequently, rosettes (ca. 24 nm diameter) of six (occasionally five) subunits (ca. 8 nm diameter) were observed in p-face views of the plasma membrane of both taxa. when present, rosette density was approximately 1/micron 2. generally, rosettes were less frequently seen on plasma membranes exhibi ...	2007	3835284
[advanced study on serk genes family].	somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (serk) genes were identified in different plant species, such as daucus carota, arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa. studies of these genes showed that they have conserved structures and expression patterns. these genes are not only expressed in embryogenic tissues, but also in post-embryogenic development. they function in embryogenesis and reproductive development and defences in particular, related signal transduction pathways.	2007	17650484
little nuclei genes affecting nuclear morphology in arabidopsis thaliana.	efforts to understand nuclear organization in plant cells have received little assistance from the better-studied animal nuclei, because plant proteomes do not contain recognizable counterparts to the key animal proteins involved in nuclear organization, such as lamin nuclear intermediate filament proteins. previous studies identified a plant-specific insoluble nuclear protein in carrot (daucus carota), called nuclear matrix constituent protein1 (nmcp1), which contains extensive coiled-coil doma ...	2007	17873096
identification and characterization of a new virus in the genus potyvirus from wild populations of angelica lucida l. and a. genuflexa nutt., family apiaceae.	a novel potyvirus was discovered in angelica lucida l. (wild celery) and a. genuflexa nutt. (kneeling angelica) (family apiaceae) in the matanuska- susitna valley, alaska. the experimental plant host range of the virus included species in three families: chenopodiaceae (chenopodium amaranticolor coste et reyn and chenopodium quinoa willd.), solanaceae (nicotiana benthamiana domin, and n. clevlandii gray.), and apiaceae (anethum graveolens l., apium graveolens l. var. dulce (miller)), daucus caro ...	2007	17558540
biostimulation of pah degradation with plants containing high concentrations of linoleic acid.	many plant species enhance the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), but there is little understanding of the mechanisms by which this occurs. this research identified phytochemicals that stimulate pyrene degradation using crushed roottissues from 43 plants that were screened in soil spiked with 100 ppm pyrene. among the plants tested, root tissues from apium graveolens (celery), raphanus sativus (radish), solanum tuberosum (potato), and daucus carota (carrot) were most effe ...	2007	17626440
results of a screening programme to identify plants or plant extracts that inhibit ruminal protein degradation.	one aim of the ec framework v project, 'rumen-up' (qlk5-ct-2001-00 992), was to find plants or plant extracts that would inhibit the nutritionally wasteful degradation of protein in the rumen. a total of 500 samples were screened in vitro using 14c-labelled casein in a 30-min incubation with ruminal digesta. eight were selected for further investigation using a batch fermentation system and soya protein and bovine serum albumin as proteolysis substrates; proteolysis was monitored over 12 h by th ...	2007	17445338
content and in-vitro accessibility of pro-vitamin a carotenoids from sri lankan cooked non-leafy vegetables and their estimated contribution to vitamin a requirement.	vitamin a deficiency is a public health problem in sri lanka, which affects especially pre-school children. carrots (daucus carota), pumpkins (cucurbita maxima), squashes (cucurbita moschata) and sweet potatoes (ipomoea batatas) of orange, yellow-fleshed varieties are good sources of provitamin a carotenoids, but have not been studied in sri lanka in terms of the food as eaten. the content of carotenoids in each preparation method and the in-vitro accessibility of beta-carotene and alpha-caroten ...	2007	17852483
dna analysis of a radiotolerant bacterium pantoea agglomerans by ft-ir spectroscopy.	a radiation tolerance strain, pantoea agglomerans was isolated from gamma-irradiated carrot samples (daucus carota). d(10) determination showed that the radioresistance of this bacterium is five-fold higher than escherichia coli, both belonging to the family of enterobacteriaceae. dna isolated from untreated and irradiated bacterial cells was analyzed by ft-ir spectroscopy to investigate the radiotolerance of this bacterium. at doses <5kgy, an alteration of the interbase hydrogen networks was ob ...	2007	19071550
enzymatic evidence for the key role of arginine in nitrogen translocation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.	key enzymes of the urea cycle and (15)n-labeling patterns of arginine (arg) were measured to elucidate the involvement of arg in nitrogen translocation by arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi. mycorrhiza was established between transformed carrot (daucus carota) roots and glomus intraradices in two-compartment petri dishes and three ammonium levels were supplied to the compartment containing the extraradical mycelium (erm), but no roots. time courses of specific enzyme activity were obtained for gl ...	2007	17142485
accumulation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in hairy roots of daucus carota.	we report here the accumulation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in agrobacterium rhizogenes-induced hairy root cultures of daucus carota. this phenolic acid finds application in food, pharmaceutical and polymer industries. metabolic profiling of phenolics by hplc/esi-ms from these hairy roots showed a considerable amount of p-hydroxybenzoic acid accumulation both in cytosol and in the cell wall. analyses of hcl and naoh treated soluble phenolic fractions resulted in the elution of peaks with same reten ...	2007	17027117
expression of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit (ltb) in carrot (daucus carota l.).	we expressed the b subunit of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (ltb) encoded by a synthetic codon-optimized gene in carrot. an agrobacterium-mediated transformation method was used. thirty independent transgenic lines were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis after 6 months in culture and were transferred to a greenhouse. gm1-elisa assay was used to assess ltb protein content in mature taproots. some transgenic lines expressed ltb up to 0.3% of the total soluble protein, ...	2007	17310334
carotenoid biosynthesis structural genes in carrot (daucus carota): isolation, sequence-characterization, single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers and genome mapping.	carotenoid pigments are important components of the human diet and carrots are the main dietary sources of the vitamin a precursors alpha- and beta-carotene. carotenoids play essential biological roles in plants and the genes coding for the carotenoid pathway enzymes are evolutionarily conserved, but little information exists about these genes for carrot. in this study, we utilized published carrot sequences as well as heterologous pcr approaches with primers derived from sequence information of ...	2007	17186217
(e)-methylisoeugenol and elemicin: antibacterial components of daucus carota l. essential oil against campylobacter jejuni.	the essential oil of wild daucus carota l. obtained from aerial parts at the end of the flowering stage (dceo) was reported as antimicrobial against the human enteropathogen campylobacter jejuni. the aim of the present study was to extend this analysis to other campylobacter species and to identify the active compounds of the essential oil, subjected to gc, gc-ms, and (13)c nmr analysis. a minimum inhibitory concentration assay was used to quantify the antimicrobial activity of dceo and the majo ...	2007	17685629
shelf-life extension of minimally processed carrots by gaseous chlorine dioxide.	chlorine dioxide (clo(2)) gas is a strong oxidizing and sanitizing agent that has a broad and high biocidal effectiveness and big penetration ability; its efficacy to prolong the shelf-life of a minimally processed (mp) vegetable, grated carrots (daucus carota l.), was tested in this study. carrots were sorted, their ends removed, hand peeled, cut, washed, spin dried and separated in 2 portions, one to be treated with clo(2) gas and the other to remain untreated for comparisons. mp carrots were ...	2007	17306398
functional characteristics of a tiny but specialized olfactory system: olfactory receptor neurons of carrot psyllids (homoptera: triozidae).	with only approximately 50 olfactory receptor neurons (orns), the carrot psyllid trioza apicalis (homoptera: psylloidea) may have the smallest olfactory system described in adult neopteran insects. using single sensillum recordings (ssr) and gas chromatograph-linked ssr, we characterized 4 olfactory sensilla forming a distinct morphological type, which together house approximately 25% of all orns. we recorded responses to extracts and single constituents from daucus carota ssp. sativus, from the ...	2008	18653644
lowering of intraocular pressure by topical application of daucus carota seed extract in rabbits.	in normotensive rabbits topical application of daucus carota seed extract at the concentration of 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2% resulted in mean iop reduction of 19.33. 23.20 and 25.61% respectively from baseline. as no significant difference was observed between the change in iop in 0.6 and 1.2% extract treated groups, 0.6% concentration was chosen for further evaluation in rabbits with experimentally elevated iop. in water loaded rabbits, maximum mean iop reduction with 0.6% extract was 29.39%, which was ...	2008	18807759
mitochondrial regulation of flower development.	flower development in plants depends not only on a set of nuclear genes but also on the coordinate action of the mitochondrion. certain mitochondrial genomes in combination with certain nuclear genomes lead to the expression of cytoplasmic male-sterility (cms). both mitochondrial genes that determine male-sterility and nuclear restorer-of-fertility genes that suppress the male-sterile phenotype have been cloned. lately, the interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genes through retrograde ...	2008	18054525
epr as an analytical tool in assessing the mineral nutrients and irradiated food products-vegetables.	epr spectral investigations of some commonly available vegetables in south india, which are of global importance like daucus carota (carrot), cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster beans), coccinia indica (little gourd) and beta vulgaris (beet root) have been carried out. in all the vegetable samples a free radical corresponding to cellulose radical is observed. almost all the samples under investigation exhibit mn ions in different oxidation states. the temperature variation epr studies are done and ...	2008	18372211
cadmium accumulation in the edible parts of different cultivars of radish, raphanus sativus l., and carrot, daucus carota var. sativa, grown in a cd-contaminated soil.	cadmium accumulation among 12 cultivars of radish (raphanus sativus) and 10 cultivars of carrot (daucus carota var. sativa) was studied in a cd-contaminated soil. the cd concentration in the edible parts of radish and carrot ranged from 0.04 to 0.14 and 0.14 to 0.19 mg kg(-1) fresh weight, respectively. all the tested carrot cultivars and 33% of the tested radish cultivars exceeded the chinese allowable limit for cd. the study showed a greater scope for selecting radish cultivars than for carrot ...	2008	18392549
structural responses of daucus carota root-organ cultures and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, glomus intraradices, to 12 pharmaceuticals.	pharmaceuticals and personal care products may enter the terrestrial environment through the amendment of agricultural soils with manure or biosolids with potential impacts on beneficial soil microbe populations. the beneficial symbiotic relationship between most plant species and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is a primary determinant of plant health and soil fertility. as such, there is increasing recognition of the need to study the impacts of anthropogenic stressors on plant-microbe interactio ...	2008	18656230
metabolic engineering of novel ketocarotenoid production in carrot plants.	carotenoids constitute a vast group of pigments that are ubiquitous throughout nature. carrot (daucus carota l.) roots provide an important source of dietary beta-carotene (provitamin a), alpha-carotene and lutein. ketocarotenoids, such as canthaxanthin and astaxanthin, are produced by some algae and cyanobacteria but are rare in plants. ketocarotenoids are strong antioxidants that are chemically synthesized and used as dietary supplements and pigments in the aquaculture and neutraceutical indus ...	2008	17682834
comparative expression of beta-glucuronidase with five different promoters in transgenic carrot (daucus carota l.) root and leaf tissues.	tissue-specific patterns and levels of protein expression were characterized in transgenic carrot plants transformed with the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene driven by one of five promoters: cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (35s) and double 35s (d35s), arabidopsis ubiquitin (ubq3), mannopine synthase (mas2) from agrobacterium tumefaciens or the rooting loci promoter (rold) from a. rhizogenes. five independently transformed carrot lines of each promoter construct were assessed for gus activity. in leav ...	2008	17924115
partial nucleotide sequence of a carlavirus from carrot (daucus carota l.).		2008	18751883
upregulation of the promoter activity of the carrot (daucus carota) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (dcpal3) is caused by new members of the transcriptional regulatory proteins, dcerf1 and dcerf2, which bind to the gcc-box homolog and act as an activator to the dcpal3 promoter.	the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) gene, dcpal3, was expressed during the synthesis of anthocyanin in suspension-cultured cells of carrot (daucus carota). there were two putative cis-elements in the dcpal3 promoter region: the box-l and gcc-box homologs. both of these are committed to the upregulation of promoter activity. although box-l is known as the conserved cis-element present in the promoter region of most pal genes of many plant species targeted by the r2r3-myb protein, among pal gene ...	2008	18584290
essential oil of daucus carota subsp. halophilus: composition, antifungal activity and cytotoxicity.	essential oils are known to possess antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of bacteria and fungi. daucus carota l. is used since olden times in traditional medicine, due to recognized therapeutic properties, namely the antimicrobial activity of their essential oils.	2008	18606215
purple carrot (daucus carota l.) polyacetylenes decrease lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inflammatory proteins in macrophage and endothelial cells.	carrots ( daucus carota l.) contain phytochemicals including carotenoids, phenolics, polyacetylenes, isocoumarins, and sesquiterpenes. purple carrots also contain anthocyanins. the anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and phytochemicals from purple carrots was investigated by determining attenuation of the response to lipopolysaccharide (lps). a bioactive chromatographic fraction (sephadex lh-20) reduced lps inflammatory response. there was a dose-dependent reduction in nitric oxide production ...	2008	18433135
novel mechanism of modulating natural antioxidants in functional foods: involvement of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria nrrl b-30488.	the significance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) mediated increase in antioxidant potential in vegetables is yet unknown. the plant growth-promoting bacterium bacillus lentimorbus nrrl b-30488 (b-30488) mediated induction of dietary antioxidant in vegetables ( trigonella foenum-graecum, lactuca sativa, spinacia oleracea, and daucus carota) and fruit ( citrus sinensis) after minimal processing (fresh, boiled, and frozen) was tested by estimating the total phenol content, level of a ...	2008	18491912
prepenetration apparatus assembly precedes and predicts the colonization patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi within the root cortex of both medicago truncatula and daucus carota.	arbuscular mycorrhizas (am) are widespread, ancient endosymbiotic associations that contribute significantly to soil nutrient uptake in plants. we have previously shown that initial fungal penetration of the host root is mediated via a specialized cytoplasmic assembly called the prepenetration apparatus (ppa), which directs am hyphae through the epidermis (genre et al., 2005). in vivo confocal microscopy studies performed on medicago truncatula and daucus carota, host plants with different patte ...	2008	18515499
asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones to chiral alcohols catalyzed by plants tissue.	as an important organic compound, chiral alcohols are the key chiral building blocks to many single enantiomer pharmaceuticals. asymmetric reduction of the corresponding prochiral ketones to produce the chiral alcohols by biocatalysis is one of the most promising routes. asymmetric reduction of different kinds of non-natural prochiral ketones catalyzed by various plants tissue was studied in this work. acetophenone, 4'-chloroacetophenone and ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate were chosen as the model su ...	2008	18548304
effect of wild flowers on oviposition of hippodamia variegata (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in the laboratory.	marginal vegetation in crops is very important for natural enemies and their pest control capacity. the effects of brassica nigra l. (brassicaceae), daucus carota l. (apiaceae), and sonchus oleraceous l. (asteraceae) flowers as supplemental food on the number of eggs laid during 7 d and on the preoviposition time in hippodamia variegata (goeze, 1777) were studied in the laboratory under conditions of several densities of acyrthosiphon pisum (harris, 1776). the results show the presence of flower ...	2008	19133458