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efficient crispr/cas9-based genome editing in carrot cells.the first report presenting successful and efficient carrot genome editing using crispr/cas9 system. clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)/crispr-associated (cas9) is a powerful genome editing tool that has been widely adopted in model organisms recently, but has not been used in carrot-a model species for in vitro culture studies and an important health-promoting crop grown worldwide. in this study, for the first time, we report application of the crispr/cas9 system ...201829332168
asymmetric bio- and chemoreduction of 2-benzylidenecyclopentanone derivatives.highly efficient asymmetric reduction of 2-benzylidenecyclopentanone derivatives to give the respective exocyclic allylic alcohols in ee's up to 96% was performed with chiral oxazaborolidine-based catalysts. complete enantioselectivity furnishing (s)-configured alcohol product could be achieved by bioreduction of 2-(4-chlorobenzylidene)cyclopentanone with daucus carota root. the synthesized compounds may be used as enantiomerically enriched standards for the monitoring of the enzyme-catalyzed re ...201729318315
transcript profiling of sucrose synthase genes involved in sucrose metabolism among four carrot (daucus carota l.) cultivars reveals distinct patterns.carrot which contains lots of nutrients has a large demand around the world. the soluble sugar content in fleshy root of carrot directly influences its taste and quality. sucrose, as an important member of soluble sugar, is the main product of photosynthesis in higher plants and it plays pivotal roles in physiological processes including energy supply, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, starch and cellulose synthesis, and stress tolerance. sucrose synthase is a key enzyme involved ...201829304728
effect of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide on uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by carrots.this is the first study investigating the effect of cationic surfactants on the mobility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in aged contaminated soils and on pah bioaccumulation in tuberous vegetables. in an aerobic soil incubation experiment, 150 mg/kg cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (ctmab) decreased the bioavailability of pahs primarily via immobilization (by 13%). in a carrot pot experiment, the effectiveness of ctmab to reduce pah uptake by carrots decreased with time. accordingly, ...201729277355
salicylaldehyde synthase activity from venturia inaequalis elicitor-treated cell culture of apple.salicylic acid (sa) is known to trigger a number of plant defense responses upon pathogen attack. it is well known that apple (malus domestica) plants respond to pathogen invasion by synthesizing sa, but its biosynthesis is not well understood. in this study, we report salicylaldehyde synthase (sas) activity from venturia inaequalis elicitor (vie)-treated cell suspension cultures of apple (malus domestica 'florina'). sas catalyzes non-oxidative c2-side chain cleavage of 2-coumaric acid to form s ...201829247889
impact of boron, calcium and genetic factors on vitamin c, carotenoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity of carrots (daucus carota).carrots (daucus carota l.) were used to investigate the effects and interactions of cultivar and mineral supply on the nutritional quality (antioxidant potential, vitamin c, carotenoids and phenolic acids) of the resulting storage roots. the supplement of boron (b) and or calcium (ca) in the feeding solutions, during plant growth, influenced the accumulation of other minerals, such as p, k, mg, s and na, in the storage roots (p<0.05). when no additional b or ca was supplied (e.g. -b or -ca treat ...201229243596
queen anne's lace, gooseneck loosestrife, untitled (poppy maidenhair fern), blushing deathcap, untitled (trillium), and untitled (trillium, pear blossom, salamander) by victor schrager.recognizing the contribution art has had in the mayo clinic environment since the original mayo clinic building was finished in 1914, mayo clinic proceedings features some of the numerous works of art displayed throughout the buildings and grounds on mayo clinic campuses as interpreted by the author.201729202948
dissecting the genetic architecture of shoot growth in carrot (daucus carota l.) using a diallel mating design.carrot production suffers yield losses under weed pressure, and thus improved competitive ability is a breeding priority. however, continued improvement and in-depth genetic studies for these traits relies on knowledge of the underlying genetic architecture. this study estimated heritable and non-heritable components of carrot shoot growth from a diallel mating design using a bayesian mixed model. results directly contribute to improvement efforts by ranking hybrids, identifying useful tester li ...201729187419
the terpene synthase gene family of carrot (daucus carota l.): identification of qtls and candidate genes associated with terpenoid volatile compounds.terpenes are an important group of secondary metabolites in carrots influencing taste and flavor, and some of them might also play a role as bioactive substances with an impact on human physiology and health. understanding the genetic and molecular basis of terpene synthases (tps) involved in the biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids will provide insights for improving breeding strategies aimed at quality traits and for developing specific carrot chemotypes possibly useful for pharmaceutical appli ...201729170675
may humic acids or mineral fertilisation mitigate arsenic mobility and availability to carrot plants (daucus carota l.) in a volcanic soil polluted by as from irrigation water?carrot (daucus carota l.) is a widely consumed root vegetable, whose growth and safety might be threatened by growing-medium arsenic (as) contamination. by this work, we evaluated the effects of humic acids from leonardite and npk mineral fertilisation on as mobility and availability to carrot plants grown for 60 days in a volcanic soil irrigated with as-contaminated water - representing the most common scenario occurring in as-affected italian areas. as expected, the irrigation with as-contamin ...201829156331
ozone treatment for pesticide removal from carrots: optimization by response surface methodology.the present study aimed to optimize ozone (o3) treatments, as gas and dissolved in water, to remove difenoconazole and linuron in carrots. we employed a central composite design to study three variables governing the efficacy of treatments: o3 concentration, temperature and treatment time. the temperature did not influence the efficacy of treatments. the removal percentage of pesticides increases with increases in ozone concentration and the time of treatment. o3 application promoted the removal ...201829146362
morphological and molecular characteristics of pratylenchus haiduongensis sp. n., a new species of root-lesion nematodes associated with carrot in vietnam.pratylenchus haiduongensis sp. n. is described as associated with carrot (daucus carota subsp. sativus (hoffm.) schübl. & g. martens) in hai duong province, vietnam. p. haiduongensis sp. n. is characterized by the lip region with three annuli and slightly separated from the body. stylet knobs are rounded (never indented anteriorly). the lateral field includes four incisures, bearing areolation at the pharynx region and tail region and occasionally appears in the vulval region. sometimes the appe ...201729062150
polyphenolic profile and biological activities of black carrot crude extract (daucus carota l. ssp. sativus var. atrorubens alef.).black carrot (daucus carota l. ssp. sativus var. atrorubens alef.) is a valuable source of carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins and contains also high amounts of anthocyanins giving the characteristic deep-purple color. these latter compounds are known as natural dyes used in the food and pharmaceutical industry that have recently attracted much attention for their healthful properties. the aim of this work was to investigate for the first time the polyphenolic profile and biological properties ...201829050970
toxic metal tolerance in native plant species grown in a vanadium mining area.vanadium (v) has been extensively mined in china and caused soil pollution in mining area. it has toxic effects on plants, animals and humans, posing potential health risks to communities that farm and graze cattle adjacent to the mining area. to evaluate in situ phytoremediation potentials of native plants, v, chromium, copper and zinc concentrations in roots and shoots were measured and the bioaccumulation (baf) and translocation (tf) efficiencies were calculated. the results showed that setar ...201728963601
assessment of the potential health risks associated with the aluminium, arsenic, cadmium and lead content in selected fruits and vegetables grown in jamaica.thirteen jamaican-grown food crops - ackee (blighia sapida), banana (musa acuminate), cabbage (brassica oleracea), carrot (daucus carota), cassava (manihot esculenta), coco (xanthosoma sagittifolium), dasheen (colocasia esculenta), irish potato (solanum tuberosum), pumpkin (cucurbita pepo), sweet pepper (capsicum annuum), sweet potato (ipomoea batatas), tomato (solanum lycopersicum) and turnip (brassica rapa) - were analysed for aluminium, arsenic, cadmium and lead by atomic absorption spectroph ...201728959639
distinct transcription profile of genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis among six different color carrot (daucus carota l.) cultivars.carotenoid, a group of lipophilic molecules, is widely distributed in nature, and is important for plant photosynthesis and photoprotection. in carrot taproot, different types of dominant carotenoid accumulation lead to yellow, orange, and red colors. in this study, six different carrot cultivars were used to simultaneously analyze carotenoid contents by high performance liquid chromatography. the expression levels of genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis of carrot were also detected by real ...201728910981
β-2-himachalen-6-ol protects against skin cancer development in vitro and in vivo.previous studies in our laboratory showed that daucus carota oil extract (dcoe) possesses remarkable in-vitro anticancer activity and antitumour promoting effect against dmba/tpa skin carcinogenesis in mice. chemical analysis of dcoe led to the isolation of the β-2-himachalen-6-ol (hc), major sesquiterpene with a potent anticancer activity against various colon, breast, brain and skin cancer cells. this study investigated the anticancer activity of hc against invasive epidermal squamous cell car ...201728872682
laser capture microdissection for amplification of alternative oxidase (aox) genes in target tissues in daucus carota l.laser microdissection provides a useful method for isolating specific cell types from complex biological samples for downstream applications. in contrast to the texture of mammalian cells, most plant tissues exhibit a cell organization with hard, cellulose-containing cell walls, large vacuoles, and air spaces, thus complicating tissue preparation and extraction of macromolecules such as dna. in this study, we report a method that allows tissue-specific gene amplification. an improved perception ...201728871549
studying individual plant aox gene functionality in early growth regulation: a new approach.aox1 and aox2 genes are thought to play different physiological roles. whereas aox1 is typically expected to associate to stress and growth responses, aox2 was more often found to be linked to development and housekeeping functions. however, this view is questioned by several adverse observations. for example, co-regulated expression for dcaox1 and dcaox2a genes was recently reported during growth induction in carrot (daucus carota l.). early expression peaks for both genes during the lag phase ...201728871548
respiration traits as novel markers for plant robustness under the threat of climate change: a protocol for validation.respiration traits allow calculating temperature-dependent carbon use efficiency and prediction of growth rates. this protocol aims (1) to enable validation of respiration traits as non-dna biomarkers for breeding on robust plants in support of sustainable and healthy plant production; (2) to provide an efficient, novel way to identify and predict functionality of dna-based markers (genes, polymorphisms, edited genes, transgenes, genomes, and hologenomes), and (3) to directly help farmers select ...201728871543
growth and sucrose metabolism of carrot callus strains with normal and low acid invertase activity.the properties of two strains of carrot (daucus carota) callus are presented. one has a very low acid invertase activity which is accompanied by differences in morphology and metabolic rate, but not in growth rate. we conclude that one of the main functions of plant acid invertases is in controlling the levels of sugars which, by interaction with hormones, affect differentiation, both morphological and biochemical. the effect of tris on sucrose metabolizing enzymes, and the cause of the "sucrose ...197628869296
tween® 20-enhanced bioreduction of acetophenones 
promoted by daucus carota root.the effect of surfactants on the bioreduction of acetophenones mediated by carrot (daucus carota) root was investigated. among the tested surfactants, tween® 20 slightly improved the conversion. the amount of surfactant was optimised, and the presented methodology was applied to other substituted acetophenones, which led to the preparation of their respective optically enriched 1-phenylethanols with high conversion levels and high enantioselectivities.201728867953
transcriptional regulation of brassinosteroid accumulation during carrot development and the potential role of brassinosteroids in petiole elongation.it is widely known that brassinosteroids (brs) are involved in various physiological processes during plant growth and development. roles of brs have been reported in many plants. however, relevant report is yet not found in carrot. carrot is a nutrient-rich vegetable from the apiaceae family. here, we measured the bioactive contents of brs at five successive stages and analyzed the expression profiles of genes involved in br biosynthesis, signaling pathway and catabolism. we found that most bio ...201728848570
emergence of leuconostoc mesenteroides as a causative agent of oozing in carrots stored under non-ventilated conditions.long-term storage and transport of post-harvest carrots (daucus carota l.) require a low-temperature, high-relative-humidity environment, usually with low ventilation. following long-term storage, a slimy exudate (oozing) often appears on the carrots, leading to severe spoilage. we characterized the environmental conditions leading to these symptoms and identified the causative agent. simulation of non-ventilated storage conditions revealed accumulation of co2 (to 80%) and ethanol (to 1000 ppm); ...201728834204
evaluating the antibacterial properties of polyacetylene and glucosinolate compounds with further identification of their presence within various carrot (daucus carota) and broccoli (brassica oleracea) cultivars using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses.ongoing consumer concerns over using synthetic additives in foods has strongly influenced efforts worldwide to source suitable natural alternatives. in this study, the antibacterial efficacy of polyacetylene and glucosinolate compounds was evaluated against both gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains. falcarinol [minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) = 18.8-37.6 μg/ml] demonstrated the best overall antibacterial activity, while sinigrin (mic = 46.9-62.5 μg/ml) was the most active glu ...201728805380
third-harmonic generation stokes-mueller polarimetric microscopy.an experimental implementation of the nonlinear stokes-mueller polarimetric (nsmp) microscopy in third-harmonic generation modality is presented. the technique is able to extract all eight 2d-accessible χ(3) components for any sample from 64 polarization measurements, and can be applied to noninvasive ultrastructural characterization. the polarization signature of an isotropic glass coverslip is presented, and carotenoid crystallites in the root of orange carrot (daucus carota) are investigated, ...201728788853
antitumor activity of β-2-himachalen-6-ol in colon cancer is mediated through its inhibition of the pi3k and mapk pathways.previous studies in our laboratory showed that daucus carota oil extract (dcoe) possesses in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities. chemical analysis of dcoe led to the isolation of β-2-himachalen-6-ol (hc) which exhibited potent anticancer activity against colon, breast, brain and skin cancer cells. the present study investigates the anticancer activity of hc against sw1116 colon cancer cell lines, and evaluates its effect in a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (dmh) colon carcinogenesis black6 mice mode ...201728782499
nicotinamide; antioxidative and dna hypomethylation effects in plant cells.the effects of nicotinamide (nic) and its natural plant metabolites nicotinic acid (nia) and trigonelline (trig) were studied with respect to defense in plant cell cultures. nic and nia could protect against oxidative stress damage caused by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (aaph), which generates free radicals. damage was analyzed as dna strand breaks in cell cultures of pisum sativum (garden pea), daucus carota (carrot), populus tremula l. × p. tremuloides (hybrid aspen) and catha ...201728780454
simultaneous determination of fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides originating from sewage sludge compost.a simultaneous method for quantitative determination of traces of fluoroquinolones (fqs) and sulfonamides (sas) in edible plants fertilized with sewage sludge was developed. the compounds were extracted from the plants by rapid and simple liquid extraction followed by extracts clean-up using solid phase extraction. the eluent additive 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol was used for liquid chromatographic detection to achieve separation of structurally similar antimicrobials like ciprofloxacin and ...201728695191
adaptogenic potential of oxitard in experimental chronic stress and chronic unpredictable stress induced dysfunctional homeostasis in rodents.oxitard, a polyherbal formulation comprising the extracts of withania somnifera, mangifera indica, glycyrrhiza glabra, daucus carota, vitis vinifera, powders of syzygium aromaticum, yashada bhasma and emblica officinalis; and oils of triticum sativum.201728693955
fine mapping, transcriptome analysis, and marker development for y2 , the gene that conditions β-carotene accumulation in carrot (daucus carota l.).domesticated carrots, daucus carota subsp. sativus, are the richest source of β-carotene in the us diet, which, when consumed, is converted into vitamin a, an essential component of eye health and immunity. the y2 locus plays a significant role in beta-carotene accumulation in carrot roots, but a candidate gene has not been identified. to advance our understanding of this locus, the genetic basis of β-carotene accumulation was explored by utilizing an advanced mapping population, transcriptome a ...201728663343
an enhancement of antimicrobial efficacy of biogenic and ceftriaxone-conjugated silver nanoparticles: green approach.of the various methods explored for the synthesis of nanoparticles, biogenesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) received great attention due to their versatile properties. in this report, daucus carota extract was used for the synthesis of agnps and ceftriaxone was conjugated with agnps to enhance their antimicrobial efficacy. the conjugated and unconjugated agnps were characterized by adopting uv-vis spectroscopy, ftir, afm, dls, and tem, which revealed the spr peak at 420 nm and spherical shape ...201728600792
biochar reduces the bioaccumulation of pahs from soil to carrot (daucus carota l.) in the rhizosphere: a mechanism study.the aim of this study was to reveal the mechanisms on how biochar reduces bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in tuberous vegetables. corn straw-derived biochar pyrolyzed at 300°c (cb300) or bamboo-derived biochar pyrolyzed at 700°c (bb700) was amended into pah-contaminated soil planted with carrot (daucus carota l.). after 150days, 2% cb300 or 2% bb700 amendments significantly reduced the bioaccumulation of pahs in carrot root (p<0.05), especially for high-molecular-weigh ...028586746
heterologous expression of the carrot hsp17.7 gene increased growth, cell viability, and protein solubility in transformed yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) under heat, cold, acid, and osmotic stress conditions.in industrial fermentation of yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae), culture conditions are often modified from the optimal growth conditions of the cells to maintain large-scale cultures and/or to increase recombinant protein production. however, altered growth conditions can be stressful to yeast cells resulting in reduced cell growth and viability. in this study, a small heat shock protein gene from carrot (daucus carota l.), hsp17.7, was inserted into the yeast genome via homologous recombination ...201728573339
miniature inverted repeat transposable element insertions provide a source of intron length polymorphism markers in the carrot (daucus carota l.).the prevalence of non-autonomous class ii transposable elements (tes) in plant genomes may serve as a tool for relatively rapid and low-cost development of gene-associated molecular markers. miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (mite) copies inserted within introns can be exploited as potential intron length polymorphism (ilp) markers. ilps can be detected by pcr with primers anchored in exon sequences flanking the target introns. here, we designed primers for 209 dcsto (daucus carota ...201728536590
effects of cover crops on pratylenchus penetrans and the nematode community in carrot production.cover cropping is a common practice in u.s. midwest carrot production for soil conservation, and may affect soil ecology and plant-parasitic nematodes-to which carrots are very susceptible. this study assessed the impact of cover crops-oats (avena sativa), radish (raphanus sativus) cv. defender, rape (brassica napus) cv. dwarf essex, and a mixture of oats and radish-on plant-parasitic nematodes and soil ecology based on the nematode community in michigan carrot production systems. research was c ...201728512383
foliar-applied ethephon enhances the content of anthocyanin of black carrot roots (daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens alef.).black carrots (daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens alef.) constitute a valuable source of anthocyanins, which are used as natural red, blue and purple food colourants. anthocyanins and phenolic compounds are specialised metabolites, accumulation of which often requires elicitors, which act as molecular signals in plant stress responses. in the present study, ethephon, an ethylene-generating compound was explored as enhancer of anthocyanin and phenolic contents during growth of 'deep purpl ...201728376712
different lengths, copies and expression levels of the mitochondrial atp6 gene in male sterile and fertile lines of carrot (daucus carota l.).the male-sterile carrot is an effective material for carrot breeding. the atp6 gene is involved in carrot fertility. however, the differences in lengths, copies, and expression profiles of the atp6 gene in fertile and male-sterile lines of carrot are unclear. in this study, one copy atp6 gene was found in the mtdnas of 'kuroda' (fertility, 954 bp) and 'wuye-by' (male sterility, 819 bp) carrot lines, while two copies atp6 genes (wuye-l and wuye-d, 954 bp and 819 bp, respectively) were found in th ...201728335670
extracellular calmodulin-binding proteins in plants: purification of a 21-kda calmodulin-binding protein.a 21-kda calmodulin (cam)-binding protein and a 19-kda calmodulin-binding protein were detected in 0.1 m cacl2 extracts of angelica dahurica l. suspension-cultured cells and carrot (daucus carota l.) suspension-cultured cells, respectively, using a biotinylated cauliflower cam gel-overlay technique in the presence of 1 mm ca(2+). no bands, or very weak bands, were shown on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels overlayed with biotinylated cauliflower cam when 1 mm ca(2+) ...199628321660
density dependence of anaphes sordidatus (hymenoptera: mymaridae) parasitism on eggs of listronotus oregonensis (coleoptera: curculionidae).listronotus oregonensis (leconte) (coleoptera: curculionidae) oviposits in carrot leaves and the larvae feed in carrot roots. its eggs are parasitized by anaphes sordidatus (girault) (hymenoptera: mymaridae) throughout its oviposition period. this parasitoid is the major biotic mortality factor for l. oregonensis. parasitism by a. sordidatus was studied for three years in sequentially sown plots of carrots, daucus carota var. sativa. over the scason, significantly fewer l. oregonensis eggs were ...199328313777
nitrogen and carbohydrate storage in biennials originating from habitats of different resource availability.four biennial species (arctium tomentosum, cirsium vulgare, dipsacus sylvester and daucus carota) which originate from habitats of different nutrient availability were investigated in a 2-year experiment in a twofactorial structured block design varying light (natural daylight versus shading) and fertilizer addition. the experiment was designed to study storage as reserve formation (competing with growth) or as accumulation (see chapin et al. 1990). we show that (i) the previous definitions of s ...199328313438
effect of parental flowering and dispersal times on offspring fate in daucus carota (apiaceae).seeds collected from parents that flowered at different times were dispersed onto experimental plots at different times during the normal dispersal season. parental flowering and dispersal times, which are correlated with each other, independently affected offspring germination, growth, and time of reproduction. estimated population growth rates were highest for offspring that were dispersed early in the dispersal season and that came from early flowering parents. the data provide evidence that ...198328310498
effect of biologically active plants used as netst material and the derived benefit to starling nestlings.the european starling sturnus vulgaris preferentially incorporates fresh sprigs of particular plant species for use as nesting material. chemicals found in these plants may act to reduce pathogen and ectoparasite populations normally found in nest environments. the present experiments were performed to test this nest protection hypothesis. in the fild, we experimentally determined that wild carrot daucus carota, a plant species preferred as nest material, effectively reduced the number of hemato ...198828310369
predictions of fate from rosette size in four "biennial" plant species: verbascum thapsus, oenothera biennis, daucus carota, and tragopogon dubius.individual plants were marked in field populations of four biennial plant species, verbascum thapsus l., oenothera biennis l., daucus carota l., and tragopogon dubius scop., and followed for 2 or 3 years. the relationship of both rosette size and age to the probability of an individual dying, remaining vegetative, or flowering was determined for each species. in all four species, a minimum size must be reached before flowering can be induced and above that minimum the probability of flowering in ...198128309802
the influence of hygroscopic movement on seed dispersal in daucus carota (apiaceae).the influence of hygroscopic movement on seed dispersal in daucus carota was examined. when relative humidity increases, umbels containing mature fruits close; when relative humidity drops, umbels open. tests of the effectiveness of smalland large-angled umbels on dispersing seeds under various conditions demonstrate that umbels responding greatly to relative humidity (i.e. opening wide) lose seeds more quickly than do umbels responding little, and do not disperse them as far. as relative humidi ...198028309637
antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects of three essential oil blends.new agents that are effective against common pathogens are needed particularly for those resistant to conventional antimicrobial agents. essential oils (eos) are known for their antimicrobial activity. using the broth microdilution method, we showed that (1) two unique blends of cinnamomum zeylanicum, daucus carota, eucalyptus globulus and rosmarinus officinalis eos (ab1 and ab2; cinnamon eos from two different suppliers) were active against the fourteen gram-positive and -negative bacteria stra ...201728296357
correlations between polyacetylene concentrations in carrot (daucus carota l.) and various soil parameters.this study assessed the concentrations of three falcarinol-type polyacetylenes (falcarinol, falcarindiol, falcarindiol-3-acetate) in carrots and the correlations between these and different soil traits. a total of 144 carrot samples, from three different harvests taken a single season, were analysed in terms of their polyacetylene concentrations and root development. on one of the harvesting occasions, 48 soil samples were also taken and analysed. the chemical composition of the soil was found t ...201628231155
inhibitory activity and chemical characterization of daucus carota subsp. maximus essential oils.the essential oils (eos) of green seeds from daucus carota subsp. maximus growing wild in pantelleria island (sicily, italy) were characterised. eos were extracted by steam distillation, examined for their inhibitory properties against food-borne gram positive and gram negative bacteria and analysed for the chemical composition by gas chromatography (gc) and mass spectrometry (ms). undiluted eos showed a large inhibition spectrum against gram positive strains and also vs acinetobacter spp. and s ...201728171692
characterization of a genomic region under selection in cultivated carrot (daucus carota subsp. sativus) reveals a candidate domestication gene.carrot is one of the most important vegetables worldwide, owing to its capability to develop fleshy, highly nutritious storage roots. it was domesticated ca. 1,100 years ago in central asia. no systematic knowledge about the molecular mechanisms involved in the domestication syndrome in carrot are available, however, the ability to form a storage root is undoubtedly the essential transition from the wild daucus carota to the cultivated carrot. here, we expand on the results of a previous study w ...201728149306
identification of candidates for interacting partners of the tail domain of dcnmcp1, a major component of the daucus carota nuclear lamina-like structure.nmcp/crwn (nuclear matrix constituent protein/crowded nuclei) is a major component of a protein fibrous meshwork (lamina-like structure) on the plant inner nuclear membrane. nmcp/crwn contributes to regulating nuclear shape and nuclear functions. an nmcp/crwn protein in daucus carota (dcnmcp1) is localized to the nuclear periphery in interphase cells, and surrounds chromosomes in cells in metaphase and anaphase. the n-terminal region and the c-terminal region of dcnmcp1 are both necessary for lo ...201728146370
elevated carbon dioxide altered morphological and anatomical characteristics, ascorbic acid accumulation, and related gene expression during taproot development in carrots.the co2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased significantly in recent decades and is projected to rise in the future. the effects of elevated co2 concentrations on morphological and anatomical characteristics, and nutrient accumulation have been determined in several plant species. carrot is an important vegetable and the effects of elevated co2 on carrots remain unclear. to investigate the effects of elevated co2 on the growth of carrots, two carrot cultivars ('kurodagosun' and 'deep pu ...201628119712
wild carrot pentane-based fractions suppress proliferation of human hacat keratinocytes and protect against chemically-induced skin cancer.previous studies in our laboratory showed that the lebanese daucus carota ssp. carota (wild carrot) oil extract possesses in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities. the present study aims to examine the cytotoxic effect of daucus carota oil fractions on human epidermal keratinocytes and evaluate the chemopreventive activity of the pentane diethyl ether fraction on dmba/tpa induced skin carcinogenesis in mice.201728073348
thermal time model for egyptian broomrape (phelipanche aegyptiaca) parasitism dynamics in carrot (daucus carota l.): field validation.carrot, a highly profitable crop in israel, is severely damaged by phelipanche aegyptiaca parasitism. herbicides can effectively control the parasite and prevent damage, but for optimal results, knowledge about the soil-subsurface phenological stage of the parasite is essential. parasitism dynamics models have been successfully developed for the parasites p. aegyptiaca, orobanche cumana, and orobanche minor in the summer crops, tomato, sunflower, and red clover, respectively. however, these mode ...201628018371
carotenoid gene expression explains the difference of carotenoid accumulation in carrot root tissues.main conclusion variations in gene expression can partially explain the difference of carotenoid accumulation in secondary phloem and xylem of fleshy carrot roots. the carrot root is well divided into two different tissues separated by vascular cambium: the secondary phloem and xylem. the equilibrium between these two tissues represents an important issue for carrot quality, but the knowledge about the respective carotenoid accumulation is sparse. the aim of this work was (i) to investigate if v ...201727999990
ionizing radiation from chernobyl affects development of wild carrot plants.radioactivity released from disasters like chernobyl and fukushima is a global hazard and a threat to exposed biota. to minimize the deleterious effects of stressors organisms adopt various strategies. plants, for example, may delay germination or stay dormant during stressful periods. however, an intense stress may halt germination or heavily affect various developmental stages and select for life history changes. here, we test for the consequence of exposure to ionizing radiation on plant deve ...201627982121
assessment and accessibility of phenotypic and genotypic diversity of carrot (daucus carota l. var. sativus) cultivars commercially available in the united states.increased use of intellectual property rights over plant germplasm has led to a complicated landscape for exchange among plant breeders. our goal was to examine phenotypic and genotypic diversity present in commercially available carrot (daucus carota l. var. sativus) germplasm in relation to the freedom to operate-the ability for plant breeders to access and use crop genetic diversity. a collection of 140 commercially available carrot cultivars were grown in replicated field trials in the madis ...201627959910
glutathione sulfotransferase inhibition activity of a self-fermented beverage, kanji.kanji, a liquid preparation of roots of daucus carota l. ssp. sativus (hoffm.) arcang. var. vavilovii mazk. (apiaceae), may inhibit glutathione sulfotransferase (gst) activity due to ferulic acid content.201727951746
effect of hot water blanching time and drying temperature on the thin layer drying kinetics of and anthocyanin degradation in black carrot (daucus carota l.) shreds.this study was conducted to investigate the effect of blanching treatment (98 °c for 3 and 6 min) and air drying temperature of 40, 50 and 60 °c on the thin layer drying characteristics such as drying time, drying rate constant, effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy, as well as on anthocyanin content of black carrot shreds. it was observed that drying temperature affected the drying rate but blanching did not have an effect on drying time. three thin layer drying models, i.e. page ...201527904364
first report of leafminer lyriomyza spp. in daucus carota in brazil. 201627849253
bioassessment of heavy metals in the surface soil layer of an opencast mine aimed for its rehabilitation.the contemporary reclamation method in an opencast coal mine closure comprises the use of the preserved surface soil layer (ssl) before mining, and can be directly returned to the areas being rehabilitated. the present study emphasizes a risk in the use of such a ssl in mine rehabilitation due to the possible excessive amount of heavy metals which usually derives from a metal-rich sediment or fluvial character of overburden material. this indication was approved by the bioassessment of cadmium ( ...201727823905
carrot solution culture bioproduction of uniformly labeled (13)c-lutein and in vivo dosing in non-human primates.lutein is a xanthophyll abundant in nature and most commonly present in the human diet through consumption of leafy green vegetables. with zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin, lutein is a component of the macular pigment of the retina, where it protects against photooxidation and age-related macular degeneration. recent studies have suggested that lutein may positively impact cognition throughout the lifespan, but outside of the retina, the deposition, metabolism, and function(s) of lutein are poorly ...201727798119
genotyping-by-sequencing provides the discriminating power to investigate the subspecies of daucus carota (apiaceae).the majority of the subspecies of daucus carota have not yet been discriminated clearly by various molecular or morphological methods and hence their phylogeny and classification remains unresolved. recent studies using 94 nuclear orthologs and morphological characters, and studies employing other molecular approaches were unable to distinguish clearly many of the subspecies. fertile intercrosses among traditionally recognized subspecies are well documented. we here explore the utility of single ...201627793080
characterising genes associated with flowering time in carrot (daucus carota l.) using transcriptome analysis.carrot is generally regarded as a biennial plant with an obligatory vernalization requirement. early spring cultivation makes plants vulnerable to premature bolting, which results in a loss of commercial value. however, our knowledge of flowering time genes and flowering mechanisms in carrot remain limited. bolting behavior of d. carota ssp. carota 'songzi', a wild species sensitive to flower induction by vernalization and photoperiod, and orange cultivar 'amsterdam forcing', and their offspring ...201727775866
effects of chrysosporum (aphanizomenon) ovalisporum extracts containing cylindrospermopsin on growth, photosynthetic capacity, and mineral content of carrots (daucus carota).natural toxins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria, such as cylindrospermopsin, have been regarded as an emergent environmental threat. despite the risks for food safety, the impact of these water contaminants in agriculture is not yet fully understood. carrots (daucus carota) are root vegetables, extensively consumed worldwide with great importance for human nourishment and economy. it is, therefore, important to evaluate the possible effects of using water contaminated with cyanotoxins on car ...201727770233
herbal remedies and functional foods used by cancer patients attending specialty oncology clinics in trinidad.cancer is a major disease worldwide, and many patients use complementary and alternative treatments. the purpose of this study was to identify the herbal remedies and functional foods used as complementary medicine by prostate, breast and colorectal cancer patients at speciality care facilities in trinidad. we also sought to determine how patients rated the efficacy of these modalities compared with conventional treatment.201627769229
assessing the impact of geogenic chromium uptake by carrots (daucus carota) grown in asopos river basin.a methodology was developed to assess the impact of geogenic origin hexavalent chromium uptake by carrots, and the risk of human consumption of carrots grown in asopos river basin in greece. a field scale experiment was conducted with carrots cultivated in treatment plots, with and without compost amendment, in order to assess the impact of carbon in the mobility and uptake of chromium by plants. the results suggested that there is a trend for chromium mobilization and uptake in the surface and ...201727764685
analysis of the use of microcystin-contaminated water in the growth and nutritional quality of the root-vegetable, daucus carota.toxic cyanobacterial blooms are often observed in freshwaters and may reflect the increased eutrophication of these environments and alterations in climate. cyanotoxins, such as microcystins (mcs), are an effective threat to many life forms, ranging from plants to humans. despite the research conducted to date on cyanotoxins, the risks associated to the use of contaminated water in agriculture require further elucidation. to tackle this aim, a research was conducted with the root-vegetable daucu ...201727752954
profiling of the terpene metabolome in carrot fruits of wild (daucus carota l. ssp. carota) accessions and characterization of a geraniol synthase.fruits from wild carrot (daucus carota l. ssp. carota) have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. the oil of its seeds, with their abundant monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, has drawn attention in recent years because of its potential pharmaceutical application. a combined chemical, biochemical, and molecular study was conducted to evaluate the differential accumulation of terpene volatiles in carrot fruits of wild accessions. this work reports a similarity-based cloning strategy ...201627673494
nutrient status and phytotoxicity analysis of goat manure discharged from farms in south korea.the present study evaluated the phytotoxicity effect of goat manure (gm) collected from six different regions in south korea, namely, chupungnyeong (t1), hoengseong (t2), goesan (t3), sancheong (t4), jangsu (t5) and namwon (t6). phytotoxicity was assessed by means of the analysis of germination index (gi), relative seed germination (rsg), relative root elongation (rre) and vigor index (vi) using five commercial crop varieties, namely, sesame (sesamum indicum l.), chrysanthemum (chrysanthemum ind ...201727654710
differential contribution of the first two enzymes of the mep pathway to the supply of metabolic precursors for carotenoid and chlorophyll biosynthesis in carrot (daucus carota).carotenoids and chlorophylls are photosynthetic pigments synthesized in plastids from metabolic precursors provided by the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (mep) pathway. the first two steps in the mep pathway are catalyzed by the deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (dxs) and reductoisomerase (dxr) enzymes. while dxs has been recently shown to be the main flux-controlling step of the mep pathway, both dxs and dxr enzymes have been proven to be able to promote an increase in mep-derived products when ...201627630663
patterns of gene flow between crop and wild carrot, daucus carota (apiaceae) in the united states.studies of gene flow between crops and their wild relatives have implications for both management practices for cultivation and understanding the risk of transgene escape. these types of studies may also yield insight into population dynamics and the evolutionary consequences of gene flow for wild relatives of crop species. moreover, the comparison of genetic markers with different modes of inheritance, or transmission, such as those of the nuclear and chloroplast genomes, can inform the relativ ...201627603516
anti-inflammatory potential of black carrot (daucus carota l.) polyphenols in a co-culture model of intestinal caco-2 and endothelial ea.hy926 cells.the present study was developed to determine the ability of polyphenol-rich black carrot and its by-products, i.e., peel and pomace, to modulate the inflammatory response in tumor necrosis factor α (tnf-α) treated endothelial cells after gastrointestinal digestion and in a co-culture of intestinal caco-2 and endothelial ea.hy926 cell model.201727561918
carotenoid biosynthesis in daucus carota.carrot (daucus carota) is one of the most important vegetable cultivated worldwide and the main source of dietary provitamin a. contrary to other plants, almost all carrot varieties accumulate massive amounts of carotenoids in the root, resulting in a wide variety of colors, including those with purple, yellow, white, red and orange roots. during the first weeks of development the root, grown in darkness, is thin and pale and devoid of carotenoids. at the second month, the thickening of the root ...201627485223
lutein, a natural carotenoid, induces α-1,3-glucan accumulation on the cell wall surface of fungal plant pathogens.α-1,3-glucan, a component of the fungal cell wall, is a refractory polysaccharide for most plants. previously, we showed that various fungal plant pathogens masked their cell wall surfaces with α-1,3-glucan to evade plant immunity. this surface accumulation of α-1,3-glucan was infection specific, suggesting that plant factors might induce its production in fungi. through immunofluorescence observations of fungal cell walls, we found that carrot (daucus carota) extract induced the accumulation of ...201627483218
enhanced accumulation of phytosterols and phenolic compounds in cyclodextrin-elicited cell suspension culture of daucus carota.in this work, suspension-cultured cells of daucus carota were used to evaluate the effect of β-cyclodextrins on the production of isoprenoid and phenolic compounds. the results showed that the phytosterols and phenolic compounds were accumulated in the extracellular medium (15100μgl(-1) and 477.46μgl(-1), respectively) in the presence of cyclodextrins. unlike the phytosterol and phenolic compound content, β-carotene (1138.03μgl(-1)), lutein (25949.54μgl(-1)) and α-tocopherol (8063.82μgl(-1)) chl ...201627457992
a rapid method for transformation of carrot (daucus carota l.) by using direct somatic embryogenesis.several genes that may be involved in embryogenesis have been isolated from somatic embryos of carrot by many workers. however, the function of these genes has not been discovered yet. as the first step toward finding the function of these genes, we established a rapid and efficient method for transformation of carrot by using direct embryogenesis from hypocotyl segments treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) for a short period.199927393260
quantifying biochemical quality parameters in carrots (daucus carota l.) - ft-raman spectroscopy as efficient tool for rapid metabolite profiling.application of ft-raman spectroscopy for simultaneous quantification of carotenoids, carbohydrates, polyacetylenes and phenylpropanoids with high bioactive potential was investigated in storage roots of daucus carota. within single ft-raman experiment carbohydrates, carotenoids, and polyacetylenes could be reliably quantified with high coefficients of determination of r(2)>0.91. the most abundant individual representatives of each compound class could be quantified with comparably high quality r ...201627374560
fractionation of plant bioactives from black carrots (daucus carota subspecies sativus varietas atrorubens alef.) by adsorptive membrane chromatography and analysis of their potential anti-diabetic activity.black and purple carrots have attracted interest as colored extracts for coloring food due to their high content of anthocyanins. this study aimed to investigate the polyphenol composition of black carrots. particularly, the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds of the variety deep purple carrot (dpc), which presents a very dark color, was performed by hplc-pda and hplc-esi-ms(n) analyses. the separation of polyphenols from a dpc xad-7 extract into an anthocyanin fraction (af) ...201627362825
exogenous gibberellin enhances secondary xylem development and lignification in carrot taproot.gibberellins (gas) are important growth regulators involved in plant development processes. however, limited information is known about the relationship between ga and xylogenesis in carrots. in this study, carrot roots were treated with ga3. the effects of applied ga3 on root growth, xylem development, and lignin accumulation were then investigated. results indicated that ga treatment dose-dependently inhibited carrot root growth. the cell wall significantly thickened in the xylem parenchyma. a ...201727335006
expression profiles of genes involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling during growth and development of carrot.jasmonates (jas) are recognized as essential regulators in response to environmental stimuli and plant development. carrot is an apiaceae vegetable with great value and undergoes significant size changes over the course of plant growth. however, ja accumulation and its potential roles in carrot growth remain unclear. here, methyl ja (meja) levels and expression profiles of ja-related genes were analyzed in carrot roots and leaves at five developmental stages. meja levels in the roots and leaves ...201627325823
biofortification of carrot (daucus carota l.) with iodine and selenium in a field experiment.the low content of iodine (i) and selenium (se) forms available to plants in soil is one of the main causes of their insufficient transfer in the soil-plant-consumer system. their deficiency occurs in food in the majority of human and farm animal populations around the world. both elements are classified as beneficial elements. however, plant response to simultaneous fertilization with i and se has not been investigated in depth. the study (conducted in 2012-2014) included soil fertilization of ...201627303423
(1)h nmr-based metabolomics reveals a pedoclimatic metabolic imprinting in ready-to-drink carrot juices.carrots are usually consumed in their native form or processed into many different products. carrot juice is a popular beverage consumed throughout the world and is attracting increasing attention due to its nutritional value, being a natural source of bioactive compounds. ready-to-drink carrot juices produced in the same factory were analyzed by (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. the juices were made from carrot roots of the same cultivar grown in three different geographical a ...201627281439
identification and characterization of dcucgalt1, a galactosyltransferase responsible for anthocyanin galactosylation in purple carrot (daucus carota l.) taproots.purple carrots (daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens alef.) accumulate large amounts of cyanidin-based anthocyanins in their taproots. cyanidin can be glycosylated with galactose, xylose, and glucose in sequence by glycosyltransferases resulting in cyanidin 3-xylosyl (glucosyl) galactosides in purple carrots. the first step in the glycosylation of cyanidin is catalysis by udp-galactose: cyanidin galactosyltransferase (ucgalt) transferring the galactosyl moiety from udp-galactose to cyanidi ...201627264613
β-2-himachalen-6-ol: a novel anticancer sesquiterpene unique to the lebanese wild carrot.daucus carota ssp. carota, also known as wild carrot, is a commonly used herb in lebanese folk medicine to treat several ailments including cancer. previous studies in our laboratories showed that the daucus carota oil extract (dcoe) and subsequent fractions exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. in this study, we report the isolation and identification of the major compound responsible for the anti-cancer activity of dcoe along with the mechanism of action involved. ...201627240746
the carrot genome sequence brings colors out of the dark.the genome sequence of carrot (daucus carota l.) is the first completed for an apiaceae species, furthering knowledge of the evolution of the important euasterid ii clade. analyzing the whole-genome sequence allowed for the identification of a gene that may regulate the accumulation of carotenoids in the root.201627230684
bio-optimization of the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio for efficient vermicomposting of chicken manure and waste paper using eisenia fetida.the main objective of the present study was to determine the optimum c/n ratio for converting waste paper and chicken manure to nutrient-rich manure with minimum toxicity. six treatments of c/n ratio 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 (t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, and t6, respectively) achieved by mixing chicken manure with shredded paper were used. the study involved a composting stage for 20 days followed by vermicomposting with eisenia fetida for 7 weeks. the results revealed that 20 days of composting consid ...201627197657
bioaccessibility and arsenic speciation in carrots, beets and quinoa from a contaminated area of chile.consumption of vegetables grown in arsenic (as)-contaminated soils is an important exposure route to the element for humans. the present study is focused on locally-grown, frequently-consumed vegetables, such as carrots (daucus carota), beets (beta vulgaris) and quinoa (chenopodium) from the as-polluted chiu chiu area in northern chile. the latter region is affected both by as discharge from copper mining activity and natural as contamination, leading to a high as content in local food and water ...201627196992
stereoselective reduction of prochiral ketones by plant and microbial biocatalysts.chiral alcohols are the key chiral building blocks to many enantiomerically pure pharmaceuticals. the biocatalytic approach in asymmetric reduction of corresponding prochiral ketones to the preparation of these optically pure substances is one of the most promising routes. the stereoselective reduction of different kinds of prochiral ketones catalyzed by various plants and microorganisms was studied in this work. benzyl acetoacetate, methyl 3-oxopentanoate, ethyl 3-oxopentanoate, and ethyl butyr ...201727168684
transcriptome-based identification of genes revealed differential expression profiles and lignin accumulation during root development in cultivated and wild carrots.carrot root development associates lignin deposition and regulation. carrot is consumed worldwide and is a good source of nutrients. however, excess lignin deposition may reduce the taste and quality of carrot root. molecular mechanisms underlying lignin accumulation in carrot are still lacking. to address this problem, we collected taproots of wild and cultivated carrots at five developmental stages and analyzed the lignin content and characterized the lignin distribution using histochemical st ...201627160835
the complete chloroplast genome of north american ginseng, panax quinquefolius.we report complete nucleotide sequence of the panax quinquefolius chloroplast genome using next-generation sequencing technology. the genome size is 156 359 bp, including two inverted repeats (irs) of 52 153 bp, separated by the large single-copy (lsc 86 184 bp) and small single-copy (ssc 18 081 bp) regions. this cp genome encodes 114 unigenes (80 protein-coding genes, four rrna genes, and 30 trna genes), in which 18 are duplicated in the ir regions. overall gc content of the genome is 38.08%. a ...201627158867
a high-quality carrot genome assembly provides new insights into carotenoid accumulation and asterid genome evolution.we report a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly and analysis of the carrot (daucus carota) genome, the first sequenced genome to include a comparative evolutionary analysis among members of the euasterid ii clade. we characterized two new polyploidization events, both occurring after the divergence of carrot from members of the asterales order, clarifying the evolutionary scenario before and after radiation of the two main asterid clades. large- and small-scale lineage-specific duplications h ...201627158781
carrot (daucus carota l.): nephroprotective against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.daucus carota l.(dc) commonly known as carrot, folkorically used as ethnomedicine to treat nephrosis and other urinary disorders. hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the nephroprotective effects of ethanolic root extract of dc against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in albino wistar rats.201727127313
does origin always matter? evaluating the influence of nonlocal seed provenances for ecological restoration purposes in a widespread and outcrossing plant species.for restoration purposes, nature conservation generally enforces the use of local seed material based on the "local-is-best" (lib) approach. however, in some cases recommendations to refrain from this approach have been made. here we test if a common widespread species with no obvious signs of local adaptation may be a candidate species for abandoning lib during restoration. using 10 microsatellite markers we compared population genetic patterns of the generalist species daucus carota in indigen ...201527069613
a novel β-carotene-associated carrot (daucus carota l.) pectic polysaccharide.carrot (daucus carota l.) is a nutritional source with enriched β-carotene (0.01%) and pectins (0.8%). although studies have highlighted the association between β-carotene and carrot pectic polysaccharide (crpp), the precise binding of β-carotene to crpp and its biological implications were not yet clearly understood. the aim of the present study is to report for the first time a natural carbohydrate polymer-crpp-with associated β-carotene.201727068881
residual tembotrione and atrazine in carrot.carrot (daucus carota l.) is a vegetable crop that is grown throughout the year across various regions of brazil in rotation or in succession to other cultures. herbicide residual effect has emerged as a concern, because of the possibility of carryover. thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tembotrione and atrazine residues - in mixture and isolated - on carrot planted in succession to corn. the experiment was designed in randomized blocks with five replications. treatm ...201627052932
new claims for wild carrot (daucus carota subsp. carota) essential oil.the essential oil of daucus carota subsp. carota from portugal, with high amounts of geranyl acetate (29.0%), α-pinene (27.2%), and 11αh-himachal-4-en-1β-ol (9.2%), was assessed for its biological potential. the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, dermatophytes, and aspergillus strains. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimal lethal concentration (mlc) were evaluated showing a significant activity towards gram-posi ...201626981143
genomic identification of wrky transcription factors in carrot (daucus carota) and analysis of evolution and homologous groups for plants.wrky transcription factors belong to one of the largest transcription factor families. these factors possess functions in plant growth and development, signal transduction, and stress response. here, we identified 95 dcwrky genes in carrot based on the carrot genomic and transcriptomic data, and divided them into three groups. phylogenetic analysis of wrky proteins from carrot and arabidopsis divided these proteins into seven subgroups. to elucidate the evolution and distribution of wrky transcr ...201626975939
projected dietary intake of zinc, copper, and cerium from consumption of carrot (daucus carota) exposed to metal oxide nanoparticles or metal ions.the expanding production and use of engineered nanomaterials (enms) have raised concerns about the potential risk of those materials to food safety and human health. in a prior study, the accumulation of zn, cu, and ce from zno, cuo, or ceo2, respectively, was examined in carrot (daucus carota l.) grown in sand culture in comparison to accumulation from exposure to equivalent concentrations of ionic zn(2+), cu(2+), or ce(4+). the fresh weight concentration data for peeled and unpeeled carrots we ...201626941758
increased nicotiana tabacum fitness through positive regulation of carotenoid, gibberellin and chlorophyll pathways promoted by daucus carota lycopene β-cyclase (dclcyb1) expression.carotenoids, chlorophylls and gibberellins are derived from the common precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp). one of the enzymes in carotenoid biosynthesis is lycopene β-cyclase (lcyb) that catalyzes the conversion of lycopene into β-carotene. in carrot, dclcyb1 is essential for carotenoid synthesis in the whole plant. here we show that when expressed in tobacco, increments in total carotenoids, β-carotene and chlorophyll levels occur. furthermore, photosynthetic efficiency is enhanced in ...201626893492
ultraviolet-c light effect on physicochemical, bioactive, microbiological, and sensorial characteristics of carrot (daucus carota) beverages.the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet-c light on physicochemical, bioactive, microbial, and sensory characteristics of carrot beverages. beverages were formulated with different concentrations of carrot juice (60, 80, and 100% [v/v]) and treated with ultraviolet-c light at different flow rates (0, 0.5, 3.9, and 7.9 ml s(-1)) and times (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min), equivalent to ultraviolet-c dosages of 13.2, 26.4, 39.6, 52.8, and 79.2 j cm(-2) total soluble solids, ph ...201626893153
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