Publications

pep005, a selective small-molecule activator of protein kinase c, has potent antileukemic activity mediated via the delta isoform of pkc.	ingenol 3-angelate (pep005) is a selective small molecule activator of protein kinase c (pkc) extracted from the plant euphorbia peplus, whose sap has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of skin conditions including warts and cancer. we report here that pep005 also has potent antileukemic effects, inducing apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cell lines and primary acute myeloid leukemia (aml) cells at nanomolar concentrations. of importance, pep005 did not induce apoptosis in normal ...	2005	15845901
lipids as regulators of the activity of transient receptor potential type v1 (trpv1) channels.	after 7 years from its cloning, the transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (trpv1) channel remains the sole membrane receptor mediating the pharmacological effects of the hot chilli pepper pungent component, capsaicin, and of the euphorbia toxin, resiniferatoxin. yet, this ion channel represents one of the most complex examples of how the activity of a protein can be regulated. among the several chemicophysical stimuli that can modulate trpv1 permeability to cations, endogenous lipids app ...	2005	15936040
cytotoxicity of plants used in traditional medicine in yemen.	twenty-five extracts obtained from 14 plant species used in the traditional medicine in yemen have been screened for cytotoxic activity against human ecv-304 cells. extracts of dracaena cinnabari, eucalyptus camaldulensis, euclea divinorum, euphorbia cactus, pulicaria crispa, and withania somnifera displayed a remarkable activity.	2005	15890471
immunosuppressive properties of an ethyl acetate fraction from euphorbia royleana.	the objective of the study was to investigate the activity of the ethyl acetate (ea) fraction of euphorbia royleana latex on cellular and humoral-mediated immune responses and phagocytic function of the cells of the reticuloendothelial system in mice. oral administration of ea at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. in mice with sheep red blood cells (srbc) as an antigen-inhibited both the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and the production of circulating antibody titre. reduction of cd4+ t ...	2005	15894125
reactions of plant copper/topaquinone amine oxidases with n6-aminoalkyl derivatives of adenine.	plant copper/topaquinone-containing amine oxidases (caos, ec 1.4.3.6) are enzymes oxidising various amines. here we report a study on the reactions of caos from grass pea (lathyrus sativus), lentil (lens esculenta) and euphorbia characias, a mediterranean shrub, with n6-aminoalkyl adenines representing combined analogues of cytokinins and polyamines. the following compounds were synthesised: n6-(3-aminopropyl)adenine, n6-(4-aminobutyl)adenine, n6-(4-amino-trans-but-2-enyl) adenine, n6-(4-amino-c ...	2005	15968819
a dna microarray for the authentication of toxic traditional chinese medicinal plants.	a silicon-based dna microarray was designed and fabricated for the identification of toxic traditional chinese medicinal plants. species-specific oligonucleotide probes were derived from the 5s ribosomal rna gene of aconitum carmichaeli, a. kusnezoffi, alocasia macrorrhiza, croton tiglium, datura inoxia, d. metel, d. tatula, dysosma pleiantha, dy. versipellis, euphorbia kansui, hyoscyamus niger, pinellia cordata, p. pedatisecta, p. ternata, rhododendron molle, strychnos nux-vomica, typhonium div ...	2005	15971136
latazienone, a new lathyrane-type diterpenoid from euphorbia latazi kunth.	a new lathyrane-type diterpene 8alpha,15beta-diacetoxy-7beta-benzoyloxy-3beta-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-4alphah,9alphah, 11alphah-lathyra-5e,12e-dien-14-one (latazienone) has been isolated from the latex of euphorbia latazi kunth. the structure of the new diterpene was determined by a combination of id- and 2d-nmr techniques.	2005	16010826
fructose variation in the dengue vector, aedes aegypti, during high and low transmission seasons in the mae sot region of thailand.	to understand the potential for facultative sugar feeding by aedes aegypti, an important vector of dengue viruses, we evaluated seasonal and villagewide variation in sugar feeding during high- and low-dengue transmission seasons (rainy and dry seasons, respectively) in the mae sot region of thailand. these seasons in thailand are represented by different periods of flowering plant phenology. although overall sugar feeding among female and male mosquitoes was low (ranging from 0.60 to 7.53 microg ...	2005	16033119
ant behaviour and seed morphology: a missing link of myrmecochory.	seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) is mediated by the presence of a lipid-rich appendage (elaiosome) on the seed that induces a variety of ants to collect the diaspores. when seeds mature or fall onto the ground, these ant species transport them to their nest. after eating the elaiosome, the seed is discarded in nest galleries or outside, in the midden or farther away, where seeds can potentially germinate. the final location of seeds with their elaiosomes removed was evaluated to assess the ...	2005	16044350
comparative study of the conformational lock, dissociative thermal inactivation and stability of euphorbia latex and lentil seedling amine oxidases.	the thermal stability of copper/quinone containing amine oxidases from euphorbia characias latex (elao) and lentil seedlings (lsao) was measured in 100 mm potassium phosphate buffer (ph 7.0) following changes in absorbance at 292 nm. elao was shown to be about 10 degrees c more stable than lsao. the dissociative thermal inactivation of elao was studied using putrescine as substrate at different temperatures in the range 47-70 degrees c, and a "conformational lock" was developed using the theory ...	2005	16096724
evaluation of some medicinal plant extracts for antidiarrhoeal activity.	the antidiarrhoeal effect of seven plant extracts namely: the aerial parts of euphorbia paralias l. (ep), bidens bipinnata l. (bb), cynachum acutum l. (cyac), diplotaxis acris (forssk.) boiss (da), convolvulus fatmensis (cf) and schouwia thebaica webb (st) and the leaves of plantago major l. (pm), was evaluated on castor oil-induced diarrhoea, gastrointestinal movement in rats (charcoal meal) and on the motility of duodenum isolated from freshly slaughtered rabbits. a significant antidiarrhoeal ...	2005	16114083
anti-bacterial activity of euphorbia fusiformis--a rare medicinal herb.	euphorbia fusiformis buch.-ham. ex. d.don (euphorbiaceae) is a rare medicinal herb. aqueous and organic solvent extracts of the leaves and rootstocks were investigated for anti-bacterial properties by using disc diffusion and well-in agar methods, against pathogenic strains of gram positive (bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacteria (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhii a and salmonella typhii b). the d ...	2005	16159702
effects of hand weeding strip and nitrogen fertilizer on corn plants.	the objective of the present research was to evaluate effects of different strip weed control associated with nitrogen fertilizer on corn applied after planting. the experiment was set and conducted in botucatu, são paulo state, brazil, and the hybrid planted was dekalb 333-b. a completely randomized block design with four replications was used. experimental plots were disposed as a factorial scheme 2 x 2 x 4, constituted by two types of weeding on row (with or without manual hoeing), two types ...	2005	15656170
influence of type and amount of straw cover on weed emergence.	this research was undertaken during 2003-2004 growing season to evaluate the effects of type [forage sorghum "hybrid cober exp" (sorghum bicolor x sorghum sudanense), forage millet (pennisetum americanum "var. bn2"), finger millet (eleusine coracana), and st lucia grass (brachiaria brizantha)] and amount of straw cover (5.5 and 3.0 t ha(-1)) upon the emergence of bidens pilosa, chamaesyce spp., amaranthus spp., and commelina benghalensis, under field conditions of the brazilian cerrado, in the r ...	2005	15656176
[toxic phytodermatitis caused by euphorbia helioscopia l. (sun spurge)].	a 6-year-old patient presented with linear erythema and bullae on the face. the lesions developed after playing with plants the day before. the plant was identified as euphorbia helioscopia l. (sun spurge). the sun spurge belongs to the euphorbiaceae plant family. these plants produce a typical milky juice that causes toxic reactions following contact with skin and mucous membranes. in the literature several cases of toxic dermatitis caused by plants of the euphorbiaeae family have been describe ...	2005	15662536
traditional phytotherapy in central italy (marche, abruzzo, and latium).	in this study, the more significant results of extensive ethnopharmacobotanical research carried out by the author in the years 1977-2000 in 175 localities of three regions of central italy (marche, abruzzo, and latium) have been reported and compared. the usages of 80 species belonging to 36 families are described, of which 71 were used in human therapy and 29 in veterinary medicine. uses are suited with the number of localities in which they have been mentioned. among the wild plant mainly sti ...	2005	15664457
dichogamy and sexual dimorphism in floral traits in the andromonoecious euphorbia boetica.	euphorbia boetica (euphorbiaceae) is a functional andromonoecious species that shows both intra- and interfloral dichogamy, hermaphrodite cyathia being protogynous. sexual dimorphism of the cyathia of e. boetica is examined according to their gender and arrangement on the inflorescence.	2005	15701661
population dynamics of weeds in no-tillage and conventional crop systems.	population dynamics of weeds in successive maize and bean crops were evaluated in two soil management systems (conventional and no-tillage), for two maize applications (grain and silage), and in four consecutive growing seasons. every year, conventional tillage consisted in plowing and harrowing before sowing. in no-tillage, chemical weed desiccation was made with the mixture glyphosate + 2.4-d. to control weeds, the mixture fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen was applied on the bean crop in all the p ...	2005	15656169
allelopathic effects of aconitic acid on wild poinsettia (euphorbia heterophylla) and morningglory (ipomoea grandifolia).	high infestations of alexandergrass (brachiaria plantaginea) in experimental area have reduced seedbank of some weed species in soil at a greater degree compared to those obtained with the use of an efficient herbicide. aconitic acid (aa) has been identified in those plants in high concentration. thus, two experiments were carried out in the laboratory to determine the effects of pure aa on weed seed germination and on endophytic fungi in wild poinsettia (euphorbia heterophylla) and morningglory ...	2005	15656164
antinociceptive diterpene from euphorbia decipiens.	one myrsinol-type diterpene ester (1) isolated from euphorbia decipiens was evaluated for analgesic activity in the acetic acid induced writhing test in mice. different dose (5-20 mg/kg i.p.) of the compound showed significant antinociceptive activity, which was comparable to standard analgesic drugs, aspirin and ibuprofen (100 mg/kg i.p.).	2005	15752637
multiple resistance of acetolactate synthase and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors in euphorbia heterophylla biotypes.	resistance to acetolactate synthase (als)-inhibiting herbicides in brazil has been documented for six species. the probability to select biotypes of euphorbia heterophylla (epphl) with multiple resistance increases in the same order of magnitude as the use of other herbicides belonging to only one mechanism of action. the objectives of this work were to evaluate the distribution of resistant populations (r) in the states of the parana and santa catarina; to determine the existence of populations ...	2005	15656167
screening of anti-helicobacter pylori herbs deriving from taiwanese folk medicinal plants.	in this study, extracts from 50 taiwanese folk medicinal plants were examined and screened for anti-helicobacter pylori activity. ninety-five percent ethanol was used for herbal extraction. paederia scandens (lour.) merr. (psm), plumbago zeylanica l. (pzl), anisomeles indica (l.) o. kuntze (aiok), bombax malabaricum dc. (bmdc) and alpinia speciosa (j. c. wendl.) k. schum. (asks) and bombax malabaricum dc. (bmdc) all demonstrated strong anti-h. pylori activities. the minimum inhibitory concentrat ...	2005	15681161
cytotoxic diterpenoids from the roots of euphorbia ebracteolata.	three new diterpenoids, yuexiandajisu d (1), e (2) and f were isolated from the roots of euphorbia ebracteolata, along with eight known diterpenoids, jolkinolide b (4), jolkinolide a, ent-11alpha-hydroxyabieta-8(14),13(15)-dien-16,12alpha-olide (6), ent-(13s)-hydroxyatis-16-ene-3,14-dione, ent-3beta,(13s)-dihydroxyatis-16-en-14-one, ent-3-oxokaurane-16alpha,17-diol, ent-16alpha,17-dihydroxyatisan-3-one and ent-atisane-3beta,16alpha,17-triol. the structures of all compounds were deduced using spe ...	2005	15856412
isolation and characterization of methyl esters and derivatives from euphorbia kansui (euphorbiaceae) and their inhibitory effects on the human sgc-7901 cells.	in this study, the inhibitory activity of the methyl esters and derivatives extracted from euphorbia kansui (euphorbiaceae) and their effect on apoptosis and cell cycle distribution in the human gastric cancer cell line (sgc-7901) were evaluated.	2005	16401398
evaluation of nigerian animal feeds by particle-induced x-ray emission.	there is need to evaluate the locally available animal feeds in nigeria so as to be able to combine them in acceptable proportions to the animals to achieve the desired growth rate. the technique of particle-induced x-ray emission (pixe) was employed for the evaluation of these locally available animal feeds, which include panicum maximum (guinea grass), cynodon plectostachyum (grass), leucaena leucephala (legume), calopogonium mucunoides (legume), gliricidia sepium (legume), euphorbia polychrom ...	2005	16217142
a molecular phylogeny of the hawkmoth genus hyles (lepidoptera: sphingidae, macroglossinae).	the hawkmoth genus hyles is one of 15 genera in the subtribe choerocampina of the subfamily macroglossinae. due to a remarkable uniformity, morphological characters usually used to identify and classify lepidoptera at the species level cannot be used in this genus. instead, we used dna sequences comprising about 2300 bp derived from the mitochondrial genes cox i, cox ii, and trna-leucine to elucidate the phylogeny of hyles. the results corroborate the monophyly of hyles but conflict with previou ...	2005	15804414
psychopharmacological profile of hydro-alcoholic extract of euphorbia neriifolia leaves in mice and rats.	the leaf extract of e. neriifolia significantly reduced apomorphine-induced stereotypy in mice at all doses (100, 200, 400 mg/kg body weight) in mice and rats and was devoid of catalepsic effect thereby, suggesting specific dopaminergic receptor modulating activity. the extract (400 mg/kg) potentiated pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis. it showed protection against maximal electro-shock-induced convulsion at 400 mg/kg. e. neriifolia leaf extract had anxiolytic action at 400 mg/kg by increasing the ...	2005	16235717
discovery and biological evaluation of the novel naturally occurring diterpene pepluanone as antiinflammatory agent.	from the whole plant of euphorbia peplus l., a new diterpene based on a rare pepluane skeleton, named pepluanone (1), was isolated together with a known pepluane diterpene (2). the stereostructure of pepluanone was determined on the basis of an extensive nmr study, ms data, and chemical reaction. the ability of these compounds to act as antiinflammatory agents has been evaluated for the first time by in vivo tests on carrageenin-induced rat paw edema, an experimental model of acute inflammation. ...	2005	16250665
alterations in carbohydrates and the protein metabolism of the harmful freshwater vector snail lymnaea acuminata induced by the euphorbia tirucalli latex extract.	to know the short- as well as long-term effect of aqueous latex extracts of euphorbia tirucalli on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, the snail lymnaea acuminata was exposed to sublethal doses of 0.37 and 0.55 mg/l for a 24-h and 0.20 and 0.31 mg/l for a 96-h exposure period. significant (p<0.05) alterations in the glycogen, pyruvate, lactate, total protein, and free amino acid level, as well as in the activity of enzyme lactic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, proteas ...	2005	16307980
a new bisabolane sesquiterpenoid from euphorbia chrysocoma.	the new sesquiterpenoid (6r)-2-chloro-6-[(1s)-1,5-dimethylhex-4-en-1-yl]-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (1), together with ten known compounds, (6r)-6-[(1s)-1,5-dimethylhex-4-en-1-yl]-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (2), bauerenol acetate (3), lupenone (4), alpha-amyrenone (5), beta-sitosterol (6), stigmasterol (7), beta-amyrin (8), ursolic acid (9), betulinic acid (10), scopolin (11), have been isolated from the roots of euphorbia chrysocoma lévl. et vant. their structures have been elucidated by spec ...	2005	16308205
acetophenone derivatives and sesquiterpene from euphorbia ebracteolata.	two new acetophenone derivatives and a new sesquiterpene, along with four known acetophenone compounds, were isolated from the roots of euphorbia ebracteolata. the structures of the new compounds were identified as 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxy-6,6'-dimethoxy-3,3'-dimethyl-7,5'-bisacetophenone, 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methylacetophenone 4-o-alpha-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->6)-beta- d-glucopyranoside and decahydro-1a,4a,7,7-tetramethyl-1h-cycloprop[e]azulene-2,5-diol (1a r,2 r,4a s,5 s,7a r,7b r) using 1 ...	2005	16254837
[correlation between inhibition activity of endophytic fungus from euphorbia pekinensis and its host].	to develop endophytic fungi resources from medicinal plants, this paper studied the correlation between endophytic fungus fusariium sp. es from euphorbia pekinensis and its host through analyzing the inhibition activity of this pathogen. an endophytic strain s12 (alternaria sp.) from sapium sebiferum was used as contrast. the results showed that e5 had an inhibitory effect on the host, while s12 and e. pekinensis extract didn't have it. the inhibition activity of e5 could be stimulated by the ex ...	2005	16252869
inhibition of p-glycoprotein transport activity in a resistant mouse lymphoma cell line by diterpenic lactones.	multidrug resistance (mdr) is believed to be a major reason for the failure of cancer treatment. it is in most cases caused by the activity of the various abc transporters, multidrug resistance (mdr) gene-encoded p-glycoproteins that pump anticancer drugs out of the cells. p-glycoprotein (p-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (mrp1) are the most important and widely studied members of the abc superfamily of transporters. the ability of four diterpenic lactones isolated from euphorbia ...	2005	16101136
fine carbohydrate recognition of euphorbia milii lectin.	glycans are key structures involved in biological processes such as cell attachment, migration, and invasion. information coded on cell-surface glycans is frequently deciphered by proteins, as lectins, that recognize specific carbohydrate topology. here, we describe the fine carbohydrate specificity of euphorbia milii lectin (eml). competitive assays using various sugars showed that galnac was the strongest inhibitor, and that the hydroxyl axial position of c4 and acetamido on c2 of galnac are c ...	2005	16122701
poinsettia latent virus is not a cryptic virus, but a natural polerovirus-sobemovirus hybrid.	the biochemical and genetic features of poinsettia latent virus (pnlv, formerly named poinsettia cryptic virus), which is spread worldwide in commercial cultivars of euphorbia pulcherrima without inducing symptoms, have been determined using virus-purification, immunological techniques, electron microscopy, cloning, and sequencing. pnlv was found to be a chimeric virus with one 4652 bases, plus strand rna showing a close relationship to poleroviruses within the first three quarters of its genome ...	2005	15892965
the toxicity of four native indian plants: effect on ache and acid/alkaline phosphatase level in fish channa marulius.	the latex of four plants viz. euphorbia royleana, jatropha gossypifolia (euphorbiaceae), nerium indicum and thevetia peruviana (apocynaceae) caused significant reduction in acid/alkaline phosphatase activity and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity in nervous tissue of freshwater air breathing fish channa marulius. the reduction in the activity of both phosphatases and ache were time as well as dose dependent.	2005	15910912
two new diterpene polyesters from euphorbia decipiens.	two new myrsinol-type diterpene polyesters 3,5,13,17-tetra-o-acetyl-7-o-benzoyl-15-hydroxymyrsinol (1) and 3,5,13,17-tetra-o-acetyl-7-o-butanoyl-13-hydroxymyrsinol (2), with a tricyclic carbon skeleton have been isolated from euphorbia decipiens boiss. & buhse. the structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was based primarily on hreims, eims, ir, uv, id-, and 2d-nmr analyses, including cosy, hmqc, hmbc, and noesy correlations. compounds 1 and 2 also showed activity against urease enzyme.	2005	15702640
euphorbia thymifolia suppresses herpes simplex virus-2 infection by directly inactivating virus infectivity.	1. the ethyl acetate (etoac) extract and 3-o-galloyl-4,6-(s)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-d-glucose (3og46hg) of euphorbia thymifolia linnea have been shown to exhibit anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 activity in vitro. in the present study, we investigated the mode of action of these two compounds in suppressing hsv-2 multiplication. 2. the results demonstrated that the etoac extract and 3og46hg affected virus infectivity in a dose-dependent manner. the etoac extract significantly reduced virus infect ...	2005	15854140
cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding beta-amyrin synthase from petroleum plant euphorbia tirucalli l.	euphorbia tirucalli l., known as the petroleum plant, produces a large amount of triterpenes, such as beta-amyrin. degenerate rt-pcr based on the sequences conserved among known beta-amyrin synthases led to cloning of a putative triterpene synthase cdna, etas, from leaves of e. tirucalli. the deduced amino acid sequence of the etas cdna showed the highest identity of 82% to the panax ginseng beta-amyrin synthase. heterologous expression of the etas orf in the methylotrophic yeast, pichia pastori ...	2005	16005035
the molluscicidal activities of some euphorbia milii hybrids against the snail indoplanorbis exustus.	the objective of this study was to observe the molluscicidal activities of euphorbia milli, known as "poysean" in thailand, against indoplanorbis exustus. latex from 12 different e. milii hybrids was screened for its molluscicidal activities. indoplanorbis exustus were exposed for 24 and 48 hours to the latex at various concentrations ranging from 6 to 25 ppm and mortality rates were recorded. eight hybrids of latex were effective. the six most effective hybrids were e. milii dang-udom, e. milii ...	2005	16438208
acute toxicity of euphorbia kamerunica on oreochromis niloticus.	a series of static short-term bioassays was conducted to assess the acute toxicity of the plant euphorbia kamerunica on the fingerlings of oreochromis niloticus. the 96-h lc(50) was computed using two methods: probit analysis and the arithmetic graphic method. the overall mean value of 0.023 +/- 0.002 g/l was obtained. aquatic invertebrates are generally much more sensitive than fish species. poisoning of streams with this plant to capture fish may therefore have ecological consequences, as nont ...	2004	15978298
structural characterization of rubber from jackfruit and euphorbia as a model of natural rubber.	a structural study of low molecular weight rubbers from jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus) and painted spurge (euphorbia heterophylla) was carried out as model compounds of natural rubber from hevea brasiliensis. the rubber content of latex from jackfruit was 0.4-0.7%, which is very low compared with that of 30-35% in the latex from hevea tree. the rubber from jackfruit latex was low molecular weight with narrow unimodal molecular weight distribution (mwd), whereas that obtained from e. hetero ...	2004	15360318
activity of euphorbia splendens var. hislopii n.e.b. (euphorbiaceae) latex against lymnaea columella (say, 1817) (pulmonata: lymnaeidae), intermediate host of fasciola hepatica, linnaeus, 1758 (trematoda: fasciolidae). 2: limited field-testing.	the molluscicidal evaluation of euphorbia splendens var. hislopii (crown of thorns) against lymnaea columella snails, intermediate host of fasciola hepatica, in irrigation ditches of the pisciculture station at universidade federal rural do rio de janeiro, was studied under limited field conditions. an aqueous solution of the latex at 5 mg/l was tested in two irrigation ditches (experimental and control ditches), after initial sampling of the snail population present. twenty-four hours after app ...	2004	14762529
chemical constituents and energy content of some latex bearing plants.	the latex bearing plants plumeria alba, calotropis procera, euphorbia nerrifolia, nerium indicum and mimusops elengi were evaluated as potential renewable sources of energy and chemicals. plant parts (leaf, stem, bark) and also whole plants were analyzed for elemental composition, oil, polyphenol, hydrocarbons, crude protein, alpha-cellulose, lignin and ash. the dry biomass yields were between 4.47 and 13.74 kg/plant. the carbon contents in whole plants varied from 38.5% to 44.9%, while hydrogen ...	2004	14766154
toxic effect of stem bark and leaf of euphorbia hirta plant against freshwater vector snail lymnaea acuminata.	the aqueous stem bark and leaf extracts of plant euphorbia hirta (family-euphorbiaceae) have potent molluscicidal activity. sub-lethal doses (40% and 80% of lc50) of aqueous stem bark and leaf extracts of this plant also significantly (p<0.05) alter the levels of total protein, total free amino acid, nucleic acids (dna and rna) and the activity of enzyme protease and acid and alkaline phosphatase in various tissues of the vector snail lymnaea acuminata in time and dose dependent manner. euphorbi ...	2004	15722098
asthma induced by latex from 'christmas flower' (euphorbia pulcherrima).		2004	15355476
jatrophane diterpenes as modulators of multidrug resistance. advances of structure-activity relationships and discovery of the potent lead pepluanin a.	from the whole plant of euphorbia peplus l., five new diterpenes based on a jatrophane skeleton (pepluanins a-e, 1-5) were isolated, together with two known analogues (6 and 7), which served to divulge in detail the structure-activity relationships within this class of p-glycoprotein inhibitors. the results revealed the importance of substitutions on the medium-sized ring (carbons 8, 9, 14, and 15). in particular, the activity is collapsed by the presence of a free hydroxyl at c-8, while it incr ...	2004	14761200
plants used for poison fishing in tropical africa.	fishing with the aid of poisonous plants was formerly very common in africa. today this easy and simple method of fishing is forbidden but still practised in remote areas. the poisonous ingredients are pounded and thrown into a pool or dammed sections of a small river. after a time which varies according to conditions the fish begin to rise to the surface of the water and can readily be taken by hand. in general, the fish can be eaten without problems. 325 fish-poisoning plants, spread among 71 ...	2004	15302524
euphopubescenol and euphopubescene, two new jatrophane polyesters, and lathyrane-type diterpenes from euphorbia pubescens.	the structures of euphopubescenol and euphopubescene, two new macrocyclic jatrophane diterpene polyesters, isolated from the whole dried plant of euphorbia pubescens, were established as 5alpha,8alpha,15beta-triacetoxy-3alpha-benzoyloxy -4alpha-hydroxy -9,14-dioxo-13beta h-jatropha-6(17),11 e-diene ( 1) and 3beta,7beta,8beta,9alpha,14alpha,15beta-hexaacetoxy-2beta h-jatropha-5 e,11 e-diene ( 2) by 1d- and 2d-nmr (cosy, hmqc, hmbc and noesy), ir, ei-ms and ei-fticr-ms. two known lathyrane derivat ...	2004	15114502
chemical constituents of euphorbia marschalliana boiss.	acetone extract of aerial parts of euphorbia marschalliana collected from iran has been subjected to different chromatography techniques for fractionation and purification. the stereo-structures of the myrsinol esters 15-o-acetyl-3-o-propionyl-5-o-butanoyl-7-o-nicotinoylmyrsinol (1) and 15-o-acetyl-3,5-o-dibutanoyl-7-o-nicotinoylmyrsinol (2) have been probed using roesy spectroscopy and modified for the stereochemistry at c-6, c-12 and c-13. beta-sitosterol (3), 29-norcycloart-5-ene (4), 5,8-lan ...	2004	15018044
self assembly of epicuticular waxes on living plant surfaces imaged by atomic force microscopy (afm).	the cuticle of terrestrial vascular plants and some bryophytes is covered with a complex mixture of lipids, usually called epicuticular waxes. self-assembly processes of wax molecules lead to crystalline three-dimensional micro- and nanostructures that emerge from an underlying wax film. this paper presents the first afm study on wax regeneration on the surfaces of living plants and the very early stages of wax crystal formation at the molecular level. wax formation was analysed on the leaves of ...	2004	14966216
in vitro antiplasmodial activity of extracts and fractions from seven medicinal plants used in the democratic republic of congo.	the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of seven etoh extracts and twenty fractions from the partition of the initial ethanolic extracts from seven african medicinal plants used in the democratic republic of congo (dr congo) for the treatment of malaria was evaluated. the most active etoh extracts (ic50 < 3 microg/ml) were those from cassia occidentalis leaves, euphorbia hirta whole plant, garcinia kola stem bark and phyllanthus niruri whole plant. their respective petroleum ether soluble fractions ...	2004	15182900
pubescenes, jatrophane diterpenes, from euphorbia pubescens, with multidrug resistance reversing activity on mouse lymphoma cells.	the macrocyclic jatrophane diterpene polyesters, pubescenes a - d ( 1 - 4) were isolated from the whole dried plant of euphorbia pubescens, and evaluated for multidrug resistance (mdr) reversing activity on mouse lymphoma cells. all the compounds displayed very strong activity compared with the positive control verapamil. pubescene d ( 4) is a new compound, whose structure was established as 3beta,9alpha,-diacetoxy-7beta-benzoyloxy-15beta-hydroxy-14-oxo-2beta h-jatropha-5 e,12 e-diene by spectro ...	2004	14765302
structure and biogenesis of jolkinin, a highly oxygenated ellagitannin from euphorbia jolkinii.	a new ellagitannin, jolkinin (2), was isolated from the fresh whole plant of euphorbia jolkinii, and its structure, including absolute configuration, was determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. a highly oxygenated acyl group with unique hexacyclic structure is attached to the 2,4-positions of 1-o-galloyl-3,6-(r)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-beta-d-glucopyranose. the structural similarity to elaeocarpusin (4) suggests that jolkinin is produced by a condensation reaction between as ...	2004	15217286
[repellent and antifeedant effect of secondary metabolites of non-host plants on plutella xylostella].	based on the theory of co-evolution between plants and phytophagous insects, the repellent and antifeedant effect of secondary metabolites of non-host plants on diamondback moth(dbm) plutella xylostella was studied, aimed at finding out the oviposition repellents and antifeedants of insect pests. when the ethanol extracts(etho exts) of bauhinia variegata, eucalyptus tereticornis, euphorbia hirta, duranta repens, zanthoxylum bungeanum, magnolia grandiflora, and nicotiana tabacum were applied resp ...	2004	15228000
structure-activity relationships for euphocharacins a-l, a new series of jatrophane diterpenes, as inhibitors of cancer cell p-glycoprotein.	the mediterranean spurge euphorbia characias l. afforded twelve new diterpenes based on a jatrophane skeleton named euphocharacins a-l. their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry methods. euphocharacins a-l were tested as inhibitors of the daunomycin-efflux activity of p-glycoprotein from cancer cells. the results were used to extend the structure-activity relationship established for this class of compounds, highlighting the positive ...	2004	15254859
purification and characterization of two iron superoxide dismutases of phytomonas sp. isolated from euphorbia characias (plant trypanosomatids).	two superoxide dismutases (sodi and sodii) have been purified by differential centrifugation, fractionation with ammonium sulphate followed by chromatographic separation (ionic exchange and affinity), from a plant trypanosomatid isolated from euphorbia characias, and then characterized for several biochemical properties. both enzymes were insensitive to cyanide but sensitive to hydrogen peroxide, properties characteristic of iron-containing superoxide dismutase. sodi had a molecular mass of appr ...	2004	15267114
effect of cycloartanes on reversal of multidrug resistance and apoptosis induction on mouse lymphoma cells.	the ability of fifteen cycloartanes, isolated from euphorbia species, to reverse multidrug resistance (mdr) and apoptosis induction in l5178y mouse lymphoma cells, including its multidrug-resistant subline, was studied by flow cytometry. reversion of mdr was investigated using a standard functional assay with rhodamine 123 as a fluorescent substrate analogue. for the evaluation of apoptosis, the cells were stained with fitc-labeled annexin v and propidium iodide. the majority of the compounds we ...	2004	15161038
activity of macrocyclic jatrophane diterpenes from euphorbia kansui in a trka fibroblast survival assay.	three new macrocyclic diterpenes, kansuinins f (1), g (2), and h (3), together with four known jatrophane diterpenes, kansuinins d (4), e (5), and a (6) and 3beta,5alpha,7beta,15beta-tetraacetoxy-9alpha-nicotinoyloxyjatropha-6(17)-11e-dien-14-one, were isolated from the roots of euphorbia kansui. compounds 1 and 2 were assigned as 6(17)-en-11,12-epoxy-14-one-type jatrophane diterpenes, and compound 3 as a 6(17)-en-11,14-epoxy-12-one jatrophane diterpene. the structures of compounds 1-3 and the r ...	2004	15387657
delphastus catalinae and coleomegilla maculata lengi (coleoptera: coccinellidae) as biological control agents of the greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum (homoptera: aleyrodidae).	predation efficacy and compatibility of the predatory lady beetles coleomegilla maculata lengi timberlake and delphastus catalinae (horn) against the greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) were studied in laboratory on glabrous fuchsia (fuchsia hybrida voss cv lena corolla) and pubescent poinsettia plants (euphorbia pulcherrima willd ex klotzch cv dark red annette hegg). on glabrous plants (fuchsia), fourth-instar and adults of c maculata were the most efficient, both against ...	2004	15532680
two novel steroids from euphorbia officinarum latex.	two novel steroids, 3beta,7alpha-dihydroxy-4alpha,14alpha-dimethyl-5alpha-cholest-8-en-11-one (2) and 3beta,7beta-dihydroxy-4alpha,14alpha-dimethyl-5alpha-cholest-8-en-11-one (3) were isolated from the latex of euphorbia officinarum. their structures were established on the basis of nmr and ms studies.	2004	14984093
distribution of phytoplasmas in infected plants as revealed by real-time pcr and bioimaging.	phytoplasmas are cell wall-less bacteria inhabiting the phloem and utilizing it for their spread. infected plants often show changes in growth pattern and a reduced crop yield. a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-pcr) assay and a bioimaging method were developed to quantify and localize phytoplasmas in situ. according to the q-pcr assay, phytoplasmas accumulated disproportionately in source leaves of euphorbia pulcherrima and, to a lesser extent, in petioles of source leaves an ...	2004	15553243
cytotoxicity of three new triazolo-pyrimidine derivatives against the plant trypanosomatid: phytomonas sp. isolated from euphorbia characias.	there is no effective chemotherapy against diseases caused by phytomonas sp., a plant trypanosomatid responsible for economic losses in major crops. we tested three triazolo-pyrimidine complexes [two with pt(ii), and another with ru(iii)] against promastigotes of phytomonas sp. isolated from euphorbia characias. the incorporation of radiolabelled precursors, ultrastructural alterations and changes in the pattern of metabolite excretion were examined. different degrees of toxicity were found for ...	2004	15558180
is endemic burkitt's lymphoma an alliance between three infections and a tumour promoter?	malaria and epstein-barr virus (ebv), recognised cofactors for endemic burkitt's lymphoma, are ubiquitous within the lymphoma belt of africa, and, unless other cofactors are involved, the tumour should be much more common than it is. malaria and ebv alone cannot account for the occasional shifting foci and space-time case clusters of endemic burkitt's lymphoma. arboviruses and plant tumour promoters are other possible local cofactors that could explain such characteristics. the geographical and ...	2004	15581545
molecular determinants of vanilloid sensitivity in trpv1.	vanilloid receptor 1 (trpv1), a membrane-associated cation channel, is activated by the pungent vanilloid from chili peppers, capsaicin, and the ultra potent vanilloid from euphorbia resinifera, resiniferatoxin (rtx), as well as by physical stimuli (heat and protons) and proposed endogenous ligands (anandamide, n-arachidonyldopamine, n-oleoyldopamine, and products of lipoxygenase). only limited information is available in trpv1 on the residues that contribute to vanilloid activation. interesting ...	2004	14996838
bioactive diterpenoids, a new jatrophane and two ent-abietanes, and other constituents from euphorbia pubescens.	a new jatrophane diterpene, pubescenol (1), known ent-abietane lactones, helioscopinolide a (2) and b (3), and taraxerone, 24-methylenecycloartanol, and vanillin have been isolated from euphorbia pubescens. diterpenes 1-3 and previously described pubescene d (4) were shown to be moderate inhibitors of the growth of mcf-7, nci-h460, and sf-268 human tumor cell lines, whereas compounds 2 and 3 also exhibited significant antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus.	2004	15165162
phylogeny of a macaronesian radiation: host-plant use and possible cryptic speciation in liparthrum bark beetles.	the macaronesian islands are well known for their unique endemic floras of woody plants. many of these unusual plant groups provide important novel resources for bark and wood boring beetles which breed in dead or moribund parts of their host plants. the bark beetle genus liparthrum exploits a wide range of unusual host plants and has its highest proportion of species living on the macaronesian islands. we used dna sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i gene and the nuclear elongati ...	2004	15062794
a new sesquiterpene-coumarin ether and a new abietane diterpene and their effects as inhibitors of p-glycoprotein.	a new sesquiterpene-coumarin ether (5'beta,9'alpha,10'alpha)-7-0-(3alpha-methoxy-8'(12')-drimen-11'-yl)-scopoletin, designated driportlandin (1) and a new abietane quinoid diterpene 16-hydroxy-abieta-8,12-diene-11,14-dione, named portlanquinol (2) together with lupeol, nepehinol, wrightial, formonetin and davidigenin were isolated and characterized from the me2co extract of whole dried plant of euphorbia portlandica. the structures of the new compounds were elucidated from spectral data includin ...	2004	15503353
toxicological effect and biochemical alterations induced by different fractions of euphorbia royleana latex in freshwater harmful vector snail lymnaea acuminata.	laboratory evaluation was made to assess the molluscicidal activity of different fractions of euphorbia royleana (family- euphorbiaceae) latex obtained through sephadex gel column against freshwater snail lymnaea (radix) acuminata lamarack. this snail is the vector of liver fluke, fasciola hepatica linnaeus and fasciola gigantica cobbold, which causes endemic fascioliasis in cattle and livestock. the toxic effect of the different fractions was time dependent and fifth fraction obtained through b ...	2004	15623235
characterization of the interaction of ingenol 3-angelate with protein kinase c.	ingenol 3-angelate (i3a) is one of the active ingredients in euphorbia peplus, which has been used in traditional medicine. here, we report the initial characterization of i3a as a protein kinase c (pkc) ligand. i3a bound to pkc-alpha in the presence of phosphatidylserine with high affinity; however, under these assay conditions, little pkc isoform selectivity was observed. pkc isoforms did show different sensitivity and selectivity for down-regulation by i3a and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate ...	2004	15126366
a new tetracyclic triterpene from the latex of euphorbia nerifolia.	a new tetracyclic triterpene 9,19-cyclolanost-22(22'), 24-diene-3beta-ol, named as nerifoliene (2) along with euphol (1) were isolated from the fresh latex of euphorbia nerifolia. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral (ir, 1h and 13c nmr, fab and ei mass) data.	2004	14974615
effects of two plant extracts on larval leafminer liriomyza trifolii (diptera: agromyzidae) in tomatoes.	aqueous extracts from two plants, urginea maritima l. (liliaceae) and euphorbia myrsinites l. (euphorbiaceae), were tested for their insecticidal activity against the leafminer liriomyza trifolii (burgess) on infested tomato, lycopersicon esculentum mill., plants in the laboratory and field. two grams of plant material was extracted with 100 ml of water and then diluted 1:100, 1:50, and 1:25 with distilled water. diluted plant extract was either applied to the infested tomato leaves or by soil d ...	2004	15568346
rearranged jatrophane-type diterpenes from euphorbia species. evaluation of their effects on the reversal of multidrug resistance.	the rearranged jatrophane-type diterpenes ( 1 - 3), isolated from the me (2)co extracts of euphorbia portlandica and euphorbia segetalis, were examined for their effects on multidrug resistance (mdr) in mouse lymphoma cells. compounds 2 and 3 revealed to be active with the latter being more active than the positive control verapamil, a known resistance modifier. the new compound 1, named portlandicine, was isolated from euphorbia portlandica and its structure characterised by high-field nmr spec ...	2004	14765292
the origin and radiation of macaronesian beetles breeding in euphorbia: the relative importance of multiple data partitions and population sampling.	species-level phylogenies derived from many independent character sources and wide geographical sampling provide a powerful tool in assessing the importance of various factors associated with cladogenesis. in this study, we explore the relative importance of insular isolation and host plant switching in the diversification of a group of bark beetles (curculionidae: scolytinae) feeding and breeding in woody euphor biaspurges. all species in the genus aphanarthrumare each associated with only one ...	2004	15545251
ingenol 3-angelate induces dual modes of cell death and differentially regulates tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells.	ingenol 3-angelate (pep005), one of the active ingredients in an extract from euphorbia peplus, was shown in preclinical studies to have activity against human melanoma xenografts in nude mice. in the present study, we have tested its ability to induce the apoptosis of melanoma cells in vitro in the absence or presence of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (trail). the results showed that at relatively high concentrations (100 microg/ml), pep005 killed melanoma cells mainly ...	2004	15634659
the effect of medicinal plants of islamabad and murree region of pakistan on insulin secretion from ins-1 cells.	in vitro testing of the extracts of medicinal plants collected from islamabad and the murree region on insulin secretagogue activity was carried out. dried ethanol extracts of all plants (zh1-zh19) were dissolved in ethanol and dmso, and tested at various concentrations (between 1 and 40 microg/ml) for insulin release from ins-1 cells in the presence of 5.5 mm glucose. glibenclamide was used as a control. promising insulin secretagogue activity in various plant extracts at 1, 10, 20 and 40 micro ...	2004	14750205
two new flavonol glycosides from gymnema sylvestre and euphorbia ebracteolata.	two new flavonol glycosides, namely kaempferol 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-d-galactopyranoside (1) and quercetin 3-o-6"-(3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (2), have been isolated from the aerial parts of gymnema sylvestre and euphorbia ebracteolata, respectively. their structures were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods.	2004	14980834
analysis of serpentinophytes from north-east of portugal for trace metal accumulation--relevance to the management of mine environment.	in north-east of portugal, the serpentinized area is about 8000 ha with a characteristic geology and flora. the serpentine plant community and respective soils were analyzed to examine the trace metal budget in different tissues of the plants exhibiting resistance to trace metals. one hundred and thirty five plant species belonging to 39 families and respective soils have been analyzed for total co, cr, cu, fe, mn, ni, pb and zn. substantial amounts of ni, cr, co and mn were detected in plant ti ...	2004	14675842
toxicity of euphorbia canariensis latex to some developmental stages of drosophila melanogaster (diptera: drosophilidae).		2004	15058653
tocopherols, fatty acids and sterols in seeds of four sardinian wild euphorbia species.	sardinian wild euphorbia pithyusa, e. semiperfoliata, e. dendroides and e. characias seed oils were analyzed for their fatty acids, unsaponifiable and tocopherol content. total tocopherol content showed a wide variability, ranging from 939 mg/kg in e. semiperfoliata seeds to its absence in e. characias. the results on tocopherol content were statistically correlated with both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radical scavenging test and the beta-carotene bleaching antioxidant test. all seeds ...	2004	14693220
putranjivain a from euphorbia jolkini inhibits both virus entry and late stage replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 in vitro.	to investigate the in vitro antiviral properties of putranjivain a, isolated from the whole plant of euphorbia jolkini bioss (euphorbiaceae).	2004	14998984
phytomonas iron superoxide dismutase: a possible molecular marker.	we have isolated and biochemically characterized two iron superoxide dismutases activities (sodi and sodii) from a plant trypanosomatid isolated from euphorbia characias. the isoenzyme fesodii has immunogenic capacity, and the positivity of the anti-sodii serum persists to a dilution of 1/40,000, by western blot. in addition, western blot has been used to test the positivity of the anti-sodii serum against antigen fractions (sod) from 17 isolates belonging to the family trypanosomatidae and for ...	2004	15109721
antitumor activity of 3-ingenyl angelate: plasma membrane and mitochondrial disruption and necrotic cell death.	options for skin cancer treatment currently include surgery, radiotherapy, topical chemotherapy, cryosurgery, curettage, and electrodessication. although effective, surgery is costly and unsuitable for certain patients. radiotherapy can leave a poor cosmetic effect, and current chemotherapy is limited by low cure rates and extended treatment schedules. here, we describe the preclinical activity of a novel topical chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of skin cancer, 3-ingenyl angelate (pep005 ...	2004	15087400
abiotic stress alters transcript profiles and activity of glutathione s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in euphorbia esula.	glutathione s-transferase (gst), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), and glutathione reductase (gr) are enzymes that utilize glutathione to play an important role in plant defense mechanisms. in leafy spurge (euphorbia esula l.), transcript and activity profiles for these enzymes are differentially influenced in tissue exposed to xenobiotic (diclofop-methyl) and environmental stress (cold and drought). five different eegst cdna (including phi, tau, theta, and zeta class gsts), one eegpx cdna, and one ...	2004	15032839
ocular injuries from plant sap of genera euphorbia and dieffenbachia.	clinical findings in 3 cases of ocular injuries caused by the milky latex from euphorbia tirucalli and dieffenbachia sequine were reported. the initial symptoms of all patients were burning pain with subsequently blurred vision. visual acuity was reduced between 6/30 and 6/20. euphorbia sap caused punctate erosion, microbullae and descemet's folds; while dieffenbachia sap induced conjunctival chemosis and fine blue crystals in the stroma. ocular symptoms developed in 5 to 18 hours despite immedi ...	2004	15146906
toxic effect of two common euphorbiales latices on the freshwater snail lymnaea acuminata.	the aqueous and serially purified latex extracts of plants euphorbia pulcherima and euphorbia hirta (family euphorbiaceae) have potent molluscicidal activity. sub-lethal doses (40 and 80% of lc(50)) of aqueous and partially purified latex extracts of both the plants also significantly alter the levels of total protein, total free amino acid, nucleic acid (dna and rna) and the activity of enzyme protease and acid and alkaline phosphatase in nervous tissue of the snail lymnaea acuminata in time an ...	2004	21782684
comparison of supercritical fluid and soxhlet extractions for the quantification of hydrocarbons from euphorbia macroclada.	this study compares conventional soxhlet extraction and analytical scale supercritical fluid extraction (sfe) for their yields in extracting of hydrocarbons from arid-land plant euphorbia macroclada. the plant material was firstly sequentially extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide, modified with 10% methanol (v/v) in the optimum conditions that is a pressure of 400atm and a temperature of 50 degrees c and then it was sonicated in methylene chloride for an additional 4h. e. macroclada was s ...	2004	18969630
piscicidal and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of euphorbia royleana stem bark extracts against freshwater common predatory fish channa punctatus.	the present paper deals with the piscicidal activity of different solvent extracts of euphorbia royleana stem bark against freshwater predatory fish channa punctatus, which is commonly present in shrimp and carp culture ponds. the rank of order of toxicity of different solvent extract was: diethyl ether (lc(50) (96h) 31.76mg dw/l) > chloroform (lc(50) (96h) 56.26mg dw/l) > methanol (lc(50) (96h) 56.80mg dw/l) > acetone (lc(50) (96h) 65.77mg dw/l). there was a significant (p < 0.05) negative corr ...	2004	21782734
fusarium foetens, a new species pathogenic to begonia elatior hybrids (begonia x hiemalis) and the sister taxon of the fusarium oxysporum species complex.	a new disease recently was discovered in begonia elatior hybrid (begonia × hiemalis) nurseries in the netherlands. diseased plants showed a combination of basal rot, vein yellowing and wilting and the base of collapsing plants was covered by unusually large masses of fusarium macroconidia. a species of fusarium was isolated consistently from the discolored veins of leaves and stems. it differed morphologically from f. begoniae, a known agent of begonia flower, leaf and stem blight. the fusarium ...	2004	21148861
cross resistance to als-inhibiting herbicides in euphorbia heterophylla l. biotypes resistant to imazethapyr.	the effect of weeds on the diminution of agricultural production is considered to be between 30 and 50%. imazethapyr is a herbicide which acts on the enzyme als, the first common enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of valine, leucine and isoleucine. euphorbia heterophylla is a common species in soybean fields in brazil and different populations resistant to herbicides of the sulfonylurea and imidazolinone groups are currently being reported. the objectives of this work were: to determine the resi ...	2003	15149128
new cerebrosides from euphorbia peplis l.: antimicrobial activity evaluation.	the less polar fraction of the methanolic extract from the plant euphorbia peplis l. exhibited interesting antifungal and antitubercular activity. a complex mixture of four glucocerebrosides was responsible for this activity. two new cerebrosides were isolated for the first time from euphorbiaceae, 4 was assigned as 1-o-(beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-(2s,3s,4e,8e)-2n-[(2'r)-2'-hydroxy-hexadecanoyl]-4 (e), 8 (e)-octadecadiene-1,3-diol and 3 as the 1-o-(beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-(2s,3s,4r,8z)-2n-[(2'r)-2'-h ...	2003	14643323
three new jatrophane-type diterpenes from euphorbia pubescens.	three new macrocyclic jatrophane diterpene polyesters, named pubescenes a ( 1), b ( 2), and c ( 3), and the known compounds indole-3-aldehyde and scopoletin have been isolated and characterised from the whole dried plant of euphorbia pubescens. the structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic means including 2d-nmr techniques such as cosy, hmqc, hmbc and noesy experiments. compounds 1 - 3 were evaluated for their in vitro effect on the growth of three human cancer cell lines ...	2003	12709905
activation of the epstein-barr virus lytic cycle by the latex of the plant euphorbia tirucalli.	exposure to the plant euphorbia tirucalli has been proposed to be a cofactor in the genesis of endemic burkitt's lymphoma (ebl). the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of unpurified e. tirucalli latex on epstein-barr virus (ebv) gene expression. a burkitt lymphoma cell line was treated with varying dilutions of the latex and the effects on ebv gene expression were measured. we observed that the latex was capable of reactivating the ebv lytic cycle in a dose-dependent manner and at ...	2003	12771923
molluscicidal and in-vitro schistosomicidal activities of the latex and some extracts of some plants belonging to euphorbiacea.	plant molluscicicdes proved to be good means for controlling fresh water snails of schistosomiasis. the molluscicidal activities of the natural and lyophilized latex extracts of euphorbia royleana and e. mouritanica and acetonitril and chloroform extracts of jatropha carcus were investigated against biomphalaria alexandrina the intermediate hosts for s. mansoni. the lyophilized latex extract of e. royleana showed the highest toxicity against snails with lc90 value of 11 ppm. while the natural la ...	2003	14708864
modified jatrophane diterpenes as modulators of multidrug resistance from euphorbia dendroides l.	the new diterpenoids terracinolides j-l (1-3), 13alpha-oh terracinolide f (8), abeodendroidin f (11) and epiabeodendroidin f (12) have been identified from euphorbia dendroides l. the new compounds and six co-occurring known terracinolides were tested as inhibitors of the drug-efflux activity of p-glycoprotein from cancer cells. the results were used to extend the structure-activity relationships established for this class of compounds highlighting the relevance of substitution at positions 2, 3 ...	2003	14604686
localization of nonspecific lipid transfer proteins correlate with programmed cell death responses during endosperm degradation in euphorbia lagascae seedlings.	when the storage materials have been depleted, the endosperm cells undergo programmed cell death. very little is known about how the components of the dying cells are recycled and used by the growing seedling. to learn more about endosperm degradation and nutrient recycling, we isolated soluble proteins from the endosperm of euphorbia lagascae seedlings collected 2, 4, and 6 d after sowing. the protein extracts were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. proteins that increased in amo ...	2003	12857807
jatrophane diterpenoids from euphorbia mongolica as modulators of the multidrug resistance of l5128 mouse lymphoma cells.	the dried aerial parts of euphorbia mongolica afforded three new acylated polyhydroxy diterpenoids based on the jatrophane framework. the structures were established by means of a combination of 1d and 2d nmr techniques and mass spectrometry as (2s,3s,4r,5r,7s,8r,13s,15r)-5alpha,7beta,8alpha-triacetoxy-3beta-benzoyloxy-15beta-hydroxyjatropha-6(17),11e-diene-9,14-dione (1), (2s,3s,4r,5r,7s,8s,9s13s,15r)-5alpha,7beta,8alpha,9alpha,15beta-pentaacetoxy-3beta-benzoyloxyjatropha-6(17),11e-dien-14-one ...	2003	12880317
diterpenes from the roots of euphorbia kansui and their in vitro effects on the cell division of xenopus (part 2).	four new ingenane-type diterpenes, 3-o-(2,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-13-o-dodecanoyl-20-o-acetylingenol (1), 3-o-(2,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-13-o-dodecanoyl-20-deoxyingenol (2), 3-o-(2e,4z-decadienoyl)-20-deoxyingenol (3), and 3-o-(2e,4e-decadienoyl)-20-deoxyingenol (4), two new jatrophane-type diterpenes, kansuinins d (9) and e (10), and four known ingenane-type diterpenes were isolated from the root of euphorbia kansui. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical analysis, and individua ...	2003	12913231
proteolytic activity in some patagonian plants from argentina.	six patagonian plants were screened for proteolytic activity: colliguaja integerrima, euphorbia collina, e. peplus and stillingia patagonica (euphorbiaceae), philibertia gilliesii (asclepiadaceae) and grindelia chiloensis (asteraceae). p. gilliesii extracts showed the highest specific activity, followed by s. patagonica and e. collina. proteolytic activity was unnoticeable in the other three species studied. inhibition assays revealed that p. gilliesii and s. patagonica extracts contain cysteine ...	2003	12946720
jatrophane diterpenes as p-glycoprotein inhibitors. first insights of structure-activity relationships and discovery of a new, powerful lead.	the mediterranean spurge euphorbia dendroides l. afforded a series of 10 closely related jatrophane polyesters, nine of which are new, which served as a base for the establishment of structure-activity relationships within this class of p-glycoprotein inhibitors. the results, while pointing to the general role of lipophilicity for activity, also highlighted the relevance of the substitution pattern at the positions 2, 3, and 5, suggesting the involvement of this fragment in binding. the most pow ...	2003	12852769