Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| homologous sequences in non-structural proteins from cowpea mosaic virus and picornaviruses. | computer analyses have revealed sequence homology between two non-structural proteins encoded by cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), and corresponding proteins encoded by two picornaviruses, poliovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus. a region of 535 amino acids in the 87-k polypeptide from cpmv was found to be homologous to the rna-dependent rna polymerases from both picornaviruses, the best matches being found where the picornaviral proteins most resemble each other. additionally, the 58-k polypeptid ... | 1984 | 16453518 |
| cowpea mosaic virus vpg: sequencing of radiochemically modified protein allows mapping of the gene on b rna. | a partial amino acid sequence of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) vpg radiochemically modified by chloramine-t and bolton-hunter reagent has been determined. vpg covalently bound to viral rna chains (vpg-rna) was iodinated with chloramine-t and bolton-hunter reagent to label tyrosine and lysine residues, respectively. [i]vpg-rna was digested with nuclease p1 and the resulting [i]vpg-pu was purified by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subjected to automated edman degradation. control experime ... | 1984 | 16453534 |
| in vitro expression of a full-length dna copy of cowpea mosaic virus b rna: identification of the b rna encoded 24-kd protein as a viral protease. | double-stranded cdna was synthesized from b component rna of cowpea mosaic virus and cloned into appropriate vectors. using four clones, together representing the entire b rna sequence, a full-length dna copy was constructed and subsequently positioned downstream of a phage sp6 or t7 promoter. rna molecules transcribed from this full-size dna copy using sp6 or t7 rna polymerase were efficiently translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysates into a 200-kd polypeptide similar to rna isolated from viral ... | 1987 | 16453750 |
| molecular modeling and inhibitory activity of cowpea cystatin against bean bruchid pests. | plant cystatins show great potential as tools to genetically engineer resistance of crop plants against pests. two important potential targets are the bean weevils acanthoscelides obtectus and zabrotes subfasciatus, which display major activities of digestive cysteine proteinases in midguts. in this study a cowpea cystatin, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor found in cowpea (vigna unguiculata) seeds, was expressed in escherichia coli and purified with a ni-nta agarose column. it strongly inhibited ... | 2006 | 16470583 |
| insecticidal action of bauhinia monandra leaf lectin (bmoll) against anagasta kuehniella (lepidoptera: pyralidae), zabrotes subfasciatus and callosobruchus maculatus (coleoptera: bruchidae). | bruchid beetle larvae cause major losses in grain legume crops throughout the world. some bruchid species, such as the cowpea weevil (callosobruchus maculatus) and the mexican bean weevil (zabrotes subfasciatus), are pests that damage stored seeds. the mediterranean flour moth (anagasta kuehniella) is of major economic importance as a flour and grain feeder; it is often a severe pest in flour mills. plant lectins have been implicated as antibiosis factors against insects. bauhinia monandra leaf ... | 2007 | 16488638 |
| viral nanoparticles as tools for intravital vascular imaging. | a significant impediment to the widespread use of noninvasive in vivo vascular imaging techniques is the current lack of suitable intravital imaging probes. we describe here a new strategy to use viral nanoparticles as a platform for the multivalent display of fluorescent dyes to image tissues deep inside living organisms. the bioavailable cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) can be fluorescently labeled to high densities with no measurable quenching, resulting in exceptionally bright particles with in vi ... | 2006 | 16501571 |
| variation in the nod gene rflps, nucleotide sequences of 16s rrna genes, nod factors, and nodulation abilities of bradyrhizobium strains isolated from thai vigna plants. | the analysis of nod genes and 16s rrna gene regions, nod factors, and nodulation abilities of brady rhizobium strains isolated from tropical thai vigna species is reported. a total of 55 bradyrhizobium strains isolated from two cultivated and six wild vigna species growing in central and northern thailand were evaluated. thai vigna spp. bradyrhizobium strains showed higher levels of nod gene rflp diversity compared with thai soybean brady rhizobium strains or temperate strains of bradyrhizobium ... | 2006 | 16541157 |
| cap-independent translation mechanism of red clover necrotic mosaic virus rna2 differs from that of rna1 and is linked to rna replication. | the genome of red clover necrotic mosaic virus (rcnmv) in the genus dianthovirus is divided into two rna molecules of rna1 and rna2, which have no cap structure at the 5' end and no poly(a) tail at the 3' end. the 3' untranslated region (3' utr) of rcnmv rna1 contains an essential rna element (3'te-dr1), which is required for cap-independent translation. in this study, we investigated a cap-independent translational mechanism of rna2 using a firefly luciferase (luc) gene expression assay system ... | 2006 | 16571795 |
| structural genes of dinitrogenase and dinitrogenase reductase are transcribed from two separate promoters in the broad host range cowpea rhizobium strain irc78. | the nucleotide sequence of the structural gene (nifd) coding for the alpha-subunit of dinitrogenase along with its flanking sequences has been determined in cowpea rhizobium irc78. the coding sequence consists of 1500 nucleotides, which corresponds to a predicted amino acid sequence of 500 residues and a molecular weight of 56,025. nucleotide homology to nifd from the blue-green alga, anabaena, and parasponia rhizobium, are 63% and 90%, respectively. cowpea rhizobium irc78 nifd and nifk (encodes ... | 1984 | 16578778 |
| correlation between particle multiplicity and location on virion rna of the assembly initiation site for viruses of the tobacco mosaic virus group. | the initiation site for reconstitution on genome rna was determined by electron microscopic serology for a watermelon strain of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (cgmmv-w), which is chemically and serologically related to tobacco mosaic virus (tmv). the initiation site was located at the same position as that of the cowpea strain, a virus that produces short rods of encapsidated subgenomic messenger rna for the coat protein (a two-component tmv), being about 320 nucleotides away from the 3' ter ... | 1981 | 16593057 |
| rna-dependent rna polymerases of plants. | the existence of rna-dependent rna polymerases (ec 2.7.7.48) in plants has been definitely proven by their isolation in pure form from cucumber and tobacco in our laboratory and from cowpea at wageningen. these enzymes are single-chain proteins of 100-130 kilodaltons. they show clear physical and biochemical differences characteristic for a given plant species, even when their amounts in the plants were greatly increased prior to isolation by infection with the same virus. the role of these enzy ... | 1983 | 16593271 |
| plasmid-linked nif and "nod" genes in fast-growing rhizobia that nodulate glycine max, psophocarpus tetragonolobus, and vigna unguiculata. | forty-nine fast-growing rhizobium strains from the nodules of 26 different tropical legume genera were screened to find isolates that would (i) nodulate, e.g., winged beans, so producing large nodules for rna and protein isolation; (ii) also nodulate various small-seeded legumes, thus allowing screening of large numbers of mutants; and (iii) harbor plasmids containing nif structural genes as well as other functions involved in nodulation. on the basis of six different criteria, this rhizobial gr ... | 1984 | 16593465 |
| expression of beta-galactosidase controlled by a nitrogenase promoter in stem nodules of aeschynomene scabra. | a 365-base-pair (bp) dna fragment, containing the promoter region of the nitrogenase reductase (nifh) gene from stem rhizobium btai1, has been isolated and sequenced. the transcription initiation sites were localized at positions 152 (major initiation) and 114 (minor initiation) nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation codon. the 200-bp nucleotide sequence upstream of the nifh structural gene shows substantial homology to the corresponding nifh regions of cowpea rhizobium (100%), paras ... | 1984 | 16593514 |
| conservation of nodulation genes between rhizobium meliloti and a slow-growing rhizobium strain that nodulates a nonlegume host. | parasponia, a woody member of the elm family, is the only nonlegume genus whose members are known to form an effective nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with a rhizobium species. the bacterial strain rp501 is a slow-growing strain of rhizobium isolated from parasponia nodules. strain rp501 also nodulates the legumes siratro (macroptilium atropurpureum) and cowpea (vigna unguiculata). using a cosmid clone bank of rp501 dna, we isolated a 13.4-kilobase (kb) ecori fragment that complemented insertion and p ... | 1985 | 16593600 |
| isolation and characterization of nodulation genes from bradyrhizobium sp. (vigna) strain irc 78. | an 11.76-kilobase-pair (kb) segment of dna from bradyrhizobium sp. (vigna) strain irc 78 that hybridizes to nodulation genes of rhizobium meliloti strain 41 was isolated. hybridization of the 11.76-kb dna fragment to dna from other bradyrhizobium species revealed a high degree of sequence conservation in this region. transfer of the 11.76-kb segment to nodulation-defective (nod(-)) mutants of r. meliloti restored their ability to induce nodules on medicago sativa (alfalfa). mutants of strain irc ... | 1985 | 16593624 |
| rhizobium symbiotic genes required for nodulation of legume and nonlegume hosts. | parasponia, a woody member of the elm family, is the only nonlegume genus whose members are known to form an effective nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with bradyrhizobium or rhizobium species. the bradyrhizobium strain rp501, isolated from parasponia nodules, also nodulates the legumes siratro (macroptilium atropurpureum) and cowpea (vigna unguiculata). to test whether some of the same genes are involved in the early stages of legume and nonlegume nodulation, we generated transposon tn5 insertions in ... | 1987 | 16593814 |
| k regulates bacteroid-associated functions of bradyrhizobium. | cowpea bradyrhizobium 32h1 cells, when grown under 0.2% o(2), synthesize nitrogenase, as well as a methylammonium (ammonium) transport system and an electrogenic k(+)/h(+) antiporter. this effect was seen in growth medium containing 8-12 mm k(+) but not with 50 mum k(+). addition of k(+) to cells growing under low o(2) tensions in low-k(+) medium led to various phenotypic properties associated with bacteroids, including the ability to reduce acetylene, induction of an ammonium transport carrier ... | 1987 | 16593858 |
| isolation of genes involved in nodulation competitiveness from rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii t24. | rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii t24 produces a potent anti-rhizobial compound, trifolitoxin, and exclusively nodulates clover roots when in mixed inoculum with trifolitoxin-sensitive strains of r. leguminosarum bv. trifolii [schwinghamer, e. a. & belkengren r. p. (1968) arch. mikrobiol. 64, 130-145]. in the present study, the isolation of trifolitoxin production and resistance genes is described. a cosmid genomic library of t24 was prepared in plafr3. no trifolitoxin expression was observed ... | 1988 | 16593933 |
| characterization of a gene from a tomato pathogen determining hypersensitive resistance in non-host species and genetic analysis of this resistance in bean. | xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is the causal agent of leaf spot disease on pepper and tomato. on non-host plants, such as bean, soybean, cowpea, alfalfa, and cotton, x. campestris pv. vesicatoria is unable to cause disease, inducing instead a hypersensitive resistance response (hr). since avirulence genes from x. campestris pv. vesicatoria specifically induce hr in several pepper cultivars, we investigated whether there were avirulence genes governing induction of resistance in non-host ... | 1988 | 16593982 |
| cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) is widespread in passionfruit in brazil and causes passionfruit woodiness disease. | leaf samples of yellow passionfruit (passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) displaying fruit woodiness symptoms were collected in seven brazilian states and the federal district. viral infection was confirmed by host range and elisa, and fourteen viral isolates were obtained. all isolates were capable of infecting several leguminous host species, although differences in symptom severity were noticeable. woodiness symptoms were reproduced in yellow passionfruit, and mosaic symptoms were induced in comm ... | 2006 | 16596328 |
| soil arsenic availability and the transfer of soil arsenic to crops in suburban areas in fujian province, southeast china. | the bioavailability, soil-to-plant transfer and associated health risks of arsenic in soils collected from paddy rice fields and vegetable fields in suburban areas of some major cities of fujian province were investigated. the total soil concentrations of arsenic ranged from 1.29 to 25.28 mg kg(-)(1) with a mean of 6.09 mg kg(-)(1). available (nah(2)po(4)-extractable) arsenic content accounted for 0.7-38.2% of total soil arsenic and was significantly correlated with total soil arsenic content. f ... | 2006 | 16624379 |
| pharmacological evidence for activation of phospholipid and small gtp binding protein signalling cascades by nod factors. | the effects of lipo-chitin oligosaccharide nod factors (nodngr[s] from rhizobium sp. ngr234) on root hair deformation in vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. were studied using pharmacological agents to mimic and/or inhibit their action. it was hypothesised that the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton seen during nod factor induced root hair deformation is modulated by protein kinase c, monomeric g proteins of the rho superfamily and the location and amount of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphates (pi3ps). th ... | 2006 | 16647267 |
| gibberellins and the legume-rhizobium symbiosis : iii. quantification of gibberellins from stems and nodules of lima bean and cowpea. | lima bean (phaseolus lunatus l.) plants inoculated with bradyrhizobium sp. strain 127e14 displayed a period of marked internode elongation that was not observed in plants inoculated with other compatible bradyrhizobia, including strain 127e15. when strain 127e14 nodulated an alternate host, cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp), a similar, although less dramatic growth response induced by the bacteria was observed. it has been speculated that the elongative growth promotion brought about by inocula ... | 1992 | 16653229 |
| effects of ethylene on auxin transport. | the effect of ethylene on the uptake, distribution and polar transport of c(14) from indole-3-acetic acid-2-c(14) and naphthalene acetic acid-1-c(14) in tissue sections was studied. test species were cotton (gossypium hirsutum, l.) and cowpea (vigna sinensis, endl.). generally, incubation of tissue or intact plants with ethylene reduced the degree of polar auxin transport. ethylene inhibited the movement of both auxins in stem tissue and iaa in petiole tissue of cotton. the effect of ethylene on ... | 1966 | 16656230 |
| enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle in rhizobia and nodules of legumes. | the relatively high level of fatty acids in soybean nodules and rhizobia from soybean nodules suggested that the glyoxylate cycle might have a role in nodule metabolism. several species of rhizobia in pure culture were found to have malate synthetase activity when grown on a number of different carbon sources. significant isocitrate lyase activity was induced when oleate, which presumably may act as an acetyl coa precursor, was utilized as the principle carbon source. malate synthetase was activ ... | 1966 | 16656404 |
| effect of protein additives on acetylene reduction (nitrogen fixation) by rhizobium in the presence and absence of soybean cells. | the effect of protein additives on acetylene reduction (n(2) fixation) by rhizobium associated with soybean cells (glycine max [l.] merr.) in vitro was studied. acetylene reduction was promoted on the basal medium supplemented with 1.4 mg of n/ml supplied as aqueous extracts of hexane-extracted soybean, red kidney beans (phaseolus vulgaris l.), or peas (pisum sativum l.). commercial samples of alpha-casein, or bovine serum albumin also promoted acetylene reduction at a concentration of 1.4 mg of ... | 1976 | 16659592 |
| effects of inhibitors of rna and protein synthesis on aspartate transcarbamylase activity in etiolated plant tissue. | aspartate transcarbamylase (atcase) activity declines in etiolated cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp.) and soybean (glycine max l. merr.) hypocotyls between 3 and 11 days after planting. treating cow-pea hypocotyls with cycloheximide (ch), actinomycin d (amd), 6-methyl purine (6-mp), or cordycepin increases atcase activity up to 740, 350, 465, and 305%, respectively, over water-treated controls 48 to 72 hours after treatment. in contrast erythromycin had no effect, and d-threo-chloramphenicol (c ... | 1976 | 16659653 |
| hydrogen reactions of nodulated leguminous plants: i. effect of rhizobial strain and plant age. | the atp-dependent evolution of h(2) catalyzed by nitrogenase and the hydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of h(2) have been implicated as factors influencing the efficiency of energy utilization in the n(2) fixation process. the effects of rhizobial strain and plant age on the h(2)-evolving and h(2)-utilizing activity of leguminous root nodules are described in this manuscript. two classes of legume-rhizobium combinations were observed in studies with soybeans (glycine max l. merr.) and cowpeas (vign ... | 1977 | 16660157 |
| hydrogen reactions of nodulated leguminous plants: ii. effects on dry matter accumulation and nitrogen fixation. | the interaction between the atp-dependent evolution of h(2) catalyzed by nitrogenase and the oxidation of h(2) via a hydrogenase has been postulated to influence the efficiency of the n(2)-fixing process in nodulated legumes. a comparative study using soybean (glycine max l. merr.) cv. anoka inoculated with either rhizobium japonicum strain usda 31 or usda 110 and cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp.) cv. whippoorwill inoculated with rhizobium strain 176a27 or 176a28 cultured on a n-free medium wa ... | 1978 | 16660301 |
| role of lectins in plant-microorganism interactions: iii. influence of rhizosphere/rhizoplane culture conditions on the soybean lectin-binding properties of rhizobia. | the influence of rhizosphere/rhizoplane culture conditions on the ability of various rhizobia to bind soybean seed lectin (sbl) was examined. eleven strains of the soybean symbiont, rhizobium japonicum, and six strains of various heterologous rhizobium species were cultured in root exudate of soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) and in association with roots of soybean seedlings which were growing either hydroponically or in montmorillonite clay soil amendment (turface). all 11 of the r. japonicum s ... | 1978 | 16660472 |
| spectral characterization of five chlorophyll-protein complexes. | sodium dodecyl sulfate-solubilized chloroplast internal membranes of higher plants (cowpea [vigna unguiculata l. walp], chinese cabbage [brassica chinensi l.], and tobacco [nicotiana tabacum l.]) are resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into two chlorophyll a- and three chlorophyll a,b-proteins. a small portion (about 15%) of the membrane chlorophyll migrates as a component of high electrophoretic mobility and presumably consists of detergent-complexed, protein-free pigment.one of the ... | 1978 | 16660625 |
| economy of photosynthate use in nitrogen-fixing legume nodules: observations on two contrasting symbioses. | the economy of c use by root nodules was examined in two symbioses, vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. (cv. caloona):rhizobium cb756 and lupinus albus l. (cv. ultra):rhizobium wu425 over a 2-week period in early vegetative growth. plants were grown in minus n water culture with cuvettes attached to the nodulated zone of their primary roots for collection of evolved co(2) and h(2). increments in total plant n and in c and n of nodules, and c:n weight ratios of xylem and phloem exudates were studied by ... | 1979 | 16661076 |
| nitrate effect on nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction): activities of legume root nodules induced by rhizobia with varied nitrate reductase activities. | the effect of nitrate on symbiotic nitrogen fixation by root nodules of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l., walp., cv. california blackeye) and lupine (lupinus augustifolius l., cv. frost) plants inoculated with nitrate reductase-expressing and nitrate reductase-nonexpressing rhizobium strains were examined. nitrate reductase of rhizobium bacteroids in the nodules of cowpea and lupine reduced nitrate to nitrite. both cowpea and lupine nodules accumulated nitrite when grown in the presence of 15 millim ... | 1980 | 16661223 |
| nitrogen nutrition and xylem transport of nitrogen in ureide-producing grain legumes. | xylem sap composition was examined in nodulated and nonnodulated cowpea (vigna unguiculata [l.] walp.) plants receiving a range of levels of no(3) and in eight other ureide-forming legumes utilizing no(3) or n(2) as sole source of nitrogen. a (15)n dilution technique determined the proportions of plant nitrogen derived from n(2) in the nodulated cowpeas fed no(3). xylem sap composition of no(3)-fed, nodulated cowpea varied predictably with the relative extents to which n(2) and no(3) were being ... | 1980 | 16661314 |
| uptake and subcellular compartmentation of gibberellin a(1) applied to leaves of barley and cowpea. | the uptake and subcellular accumulation of gibberellin a(1) (ga(1)) by leaves and protoplasts of barley (cv. numar) and cowpea (cv. blackeye pea no. 5) were investigated.uptake of ga(1) by cowpea leaves is optimal at ph 5.8 and occurs by a saturable, probably carrier-mediated process having a half-maximal velocity at 10 to 20 micromolar. uptake by both barley and cowpea leaves is inhibited by low temperature (+4 c) and the metabolic inhibitors 2,4-dinitrophenol and azide and is stimulated by atp ... | 1980 | 16661448 |
| differential compartmentation of gibberellin a(1) and its metabolites in vacuoles of cowpea and barley leaves. | the metabolism and efflux of gibberellin a(1) (ga(1)) taken up by leaves of cowpea (vigna sinensis cv. blackeye pea no. 5), as well as the distribution of ga(1) metabolites in the protoplasts and vacuoles of cowpea and barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. numar), were studied.ga(1) is metabolized rapidly in cowpea leaf discs to products tentatively identified as gibberellin a(8) (ga(8)) and gibberellin a(8) glucoside (ga(8)-glu). after labeling leaf discs with [(3)h]ga(1) for 1 hour, the release of ra ... | 1981 | 16662014 |
| de novo purine synthesis in nitrogen-fixing nodules of cowpea (vigna unguiculata [l.] walp.) and soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.). | partially purified, cell-free extracts from nodules of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp. cv. caloona) and soybean (glycine max l. merr. cv. bragg) showed high rates of de novo purine nucleotide and purine base synthesis. activity increased with rates of nitrogen fixation and ureide export during development of cowpea plants; maximum rates (equivalent to 1.2 micromoles n(2) per hour per gram fresh nodule) being similar to those of maximum nitrogen fixation (1-2 micromoles n(2) per hour per gram ... | 1982 | 16662479 |
| n abundance of nodules as an indicator of n metabolism in n(2)-fixing plants. | this paper expands upon previous reports of (15)n elevation in nodules (compared to other tissues) of n(2)-fixing plants. n(2)-fixing nodules of glycine max (soybeans), vigna unguiculata (cowpea), phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), phaseolus coccineus (scarlet runner bean), prosopis glandulosa (mesquite), and olneya tesota (desert ironwood) were enriched in (15)n. nodules of vicia faba (fava beans), arachis hypogaea (peanut), trifolium pratense (red clover), pisum sativum (pea), lathyrus sativus ... | 1982 | 16662517 |
| metabolism and translocation of allantoin in ureide-producing grain legumes. | transfer of the nitrogen and carbon of allantoin to amino acids and protein of leaflets, stems and petioles, apices, peduncles, pods, and seeds of detached shoots of nodulated cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp. cv. caloona) plants was demonstrated following supply of [2-(14)c], [1,3-(15)n]allantoin in the transpiration stream. throughout vegetative and reproductive growth all plant organs showed significant ureolytic activity and readily metabolized [2-(14)c]allantoin to (14)co(2). a metabolic p ... | 1982 | 16662519 |
| a comparative study of the physiology of symbioses formed by rhizobium japonicum with glycine max, vigna unguiculata, and macroptilium atropurpurem. | although rhizobium japonicum nodulates vigna unguiculata and macroptilium atropurpurem, little is known about the physiology of these symbioses. in this study, strains of r. japonicum of varying effectiveness on soybean were examined. the nonhomologous hosts were nodulated by all the strains tested, but effectiveness was not related to that of the homologous host. on siratro, compared to soybean, many strains reversed their relative effectiveness ranking. both siratro and cowpea produced more dr ... | 1982 | 16662732 |
| significance of hydrogen evolution in the carbon and nitrogen economy of nodulated cowpea. | the carbon and nitrogen economies of a single cultivar of cowpea (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp.cv caloona) nodulated with either a high h(2)-evolving strain (176a27) or a low h(2)-evolving strain (cb756) of rhizobium were compared. the two symbioses did not differ in total dry matter production, seed yield, nitrogen fixed, the spectrum of nitrogenous solutes produced by nodules for export, or the partitioning of net photosynthate within the plant throughout the growth cycle. detailed examination ... | 1983 | 16662769 |
| role of inosine monophosphate oxidoreductase in the formation of ureides in nitrogen-fixing nodules of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp.). | cell-free extracts from nodules of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. (walp.) cv caloona:rhizobium strain cb756) prepared in the presence of 15% (v/v) glycerol showed high rates (30 to 60 nanomoles nad reduced per minute per gram fresh weight nodule) of inosine monophosphate oxidoreductase (ec 1.2.1.14) activity. the enzyme was labile (half-life of activity less than 3 hours) but could be stabilized for up to 18 hours by inclusion of the substrates nad and inosine monophosphate in the breaking media. ... | 1983 | 16663115 |
| effect of temperature on nitrogenase functioning in cowpea nodules. | nitrogenase (ec 1.7.99.2) activity of a cowpea (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp cv caloona) symbiosis formed with a rhizobium strain (176a27) lacking uptake hydrogenase and maintained under conditions of a 12-hour day at an air temperature of 30 degrees c (800-1000 microeinsteins per square meter per second) and a 12-hour night at an air temperature of 20 degrees c showed a marked diurnal variation in ratio of nitrogen fixed to hydrogen evolved. as little as 0.3 micromole nitrogen was fixed per micr ... | 1983 | 16663226 |
| comparison of water potentials measured by in situ psychrometry and pressure chamber in morphologically different species. | leaf water potentials measured by in situ psychrometry were compared with leaf water potentials measured by the pressure chamber technique at various values of water potential in helianthus annuus, helianthus nuttallii, vigna unguiculata, nerium oleander, pistacia vera, and corylus avellana. in v. unguiculata, the leaf water potentials measured by the in situ psychrometer oscillated at the same periodicity as, and proportional to, the leaf conductance. in all species, potentials measured by in s ... | 1984 | 16663415 |
| adsorption of slow- and fast-growing rhizobia to soybean and cowpea roots. | roots of soybean (glycine max [l.] merr. cv hardee) and cowpea (vigna unguiculata [l.] walp. cv pink eye purple hull) were immersed in suspensions containing 10(4)rhizobium cells per milliliter of a nitrogen-free solution. after 30 to 120 minutes the roots were rinsed, and the distal 2-centimeter segments excised and homogenized. portions of the homogenates then were plated on a yeast-extract mannitol medium for bacterial cell counts. the adsorption capacities of four slow-growing rhizobia and a ... | 1984 | 16663761 |
| nickel in higher plants: further evidence for an essential role. | soybeans (glycine max [l.] merr.) grown in ni-deficient nutrient solutions accumulated toxic urea concentrations which resulted in necrosis of their leaflet tips, a characteristic of ni deficiency. estimates of the ni requirement of a plant were made by using seeds produced with different initial ni contents. when compared to soybeans grown from seeds containing 2.5 nanograms ni, plants grown from seeds containing 13 nanograms ni had a significantly reduced incidence of leaflet tip necrosis. pla ... | 1984 | 16663907 |
| effects of short-term n(2) deficiency on n metabolism in legume nodules. | the study aimed to test the hypothesis that ammonia production by rhizobium bacteroids provides not only a source of nitrogen for growth but has a central regulatory role in maintaining the metabolic activity and functional integrity of the legume nodule. production of ammonia in intact, attached nodules was interrupted by short-term (up to 3 days) exposure of the nodulated root systems of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp cv vita 3: rhizobium cb 756) and lupin (lupinus albus l. cv ultra: rhizob ... | 1984 | 16663910 |
| transport of gibberellin a(1) in cowpea membrane vesicles. | the permeability properties of gibberellin a(1) (ga(1)) were examined in membrane vesicles isolated from cowpea hypocotyls. the rate of ga(1) uptake was progressively greater as ph decreased, indicating that the neutral molecule is more permeable than anionic ga(1). membrane vesicles used in this study possessed a tonoplast-type h(+)-translocating atpase as assayed by mgatp-dependent quenching of acridine orange fluorescence and methylamine uptake. however, ga(1) uptake was not stimulated by mga ... | 1986 | 16664723 |
| two indirect methods for detecting ureide synthesis by nodulated legumes. | two methods were developed for the detection of altered ureide metabolism in legume nodules. both techniques are based on the positive correlation between the presence of high xanthine dehydrogenase (ec 1.2.1.37) specific activity in nodules and the ability of those nodules to produce the ureides, allantoin and allantoic acid. in the first method, nodulated legumes are treated for 2 weeks with a soil drench of allopurinol. after allopurinol treatment, leaves of n(2)-fed, ureide-producing legumes ... | 1986 | 16664857 |
| species variation in the predawn inhibition of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. | the activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was measured in extracts of leaves collected before dawn (predawn activity, pa) and at midday (midday activity, ma). twenty-three of the 37 species examined showed a pa/ma ratio (</=0.75, while only capsicum frutescens, cucumis sativa, glycine max, nicotiana tabacum, vigna unguiculata, and 3 solanum species showed a pa/ma ratio </=0.5. phaseolus vulgaris consistently showed a pa/ma ratio of </=0.1. activities and pa/ma ratios of the ... | 1986 | 16665155 |
| phytochrome regulation of the response to exogenous gibberellins by epicotyls of vigna sinensis. | the elongation rate of cowpea epicotyls from whole cowpea (vigna sinensis) seedlings and derooted and debladed plants (explants) increased after the main light period (8-hour duration) was extended with either continuous low intensity tungsten light or brief (5 minutes) far-red (fr) irradiation. this end-of-day fr effect was reversed by red (r) irradiation suggesting the involvement of phytochrome. these results confirm and extend those obtained previously with other species. localization studie ... | 1987 | 16665660 |
| elicitation of necrosis in vigna unguiculata walp. by homogeneous aspergillus niger endo-polygalacturonase and by alpha-d-galacturonate oligomers. | endo-polygalacturonase (pg) was purified from a commercial preparation of aspergillus niger pectinase by means of carboxymethylcellulose chromatography, preparative isoelectric focusing, and gel permeation through sephadex g-50. the enzyme was electrophoretically homogeneous and consisted of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 33,500. the enzyme exhibited a specific activity significantly higher than those of purified polygalacturonases from phytopathogenic fungi. galacturonate ... | 1987 | 16665750 |
| carbon dioxide and light responses of photosynthesis in cowpea and pigeonpea during water deficit and recovery. | greenhouse-grown pigeonpea (cajanus cajan, [l.] millsp.; cultivar uw-10) and cowpea (vigna unguiculata, [l.] walp.; cultivar california no. 5) were well-watered (control) or subjected to low water potential by withholding water to compare their modes of adaptation to water-limited conditions. leaf co(2) exchange rate (cer), leaf diffusive conductance to co(2) (g(l)), and co(2) concentration in the leaf intercellular air space (c(i)) were determined at various co(2) concentrations and photon flux ... | 1987 | 16665843 |
| efficiency of nodule initiation in cowpea and soybean. | when serial dilutions of a suspension of bradyrhizobium japonicum strain 138 were inoculated onto both soybean and cowpea roots, the formation of nodules in the initially susceptible region of the roots of both hosts was found to be linearly dependent on the log of the inoculum dosage until an optimum dosage was reached. approximately 30- to 100-fold higher dosages were required to elicit half-maximal nodulation on cowpea than on soybean in the initially susceptible zone of the root. however, at ... | 1988 | 16666056 |
| isoenzymes of superoxide dismutase in nodules of phaseolus vulgaris l., pisum sativum l., and vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. | the activity and isozymic composition of superoxide dismutase (sod; ec 1.15.1.1) were determined in nodules of phaseolus vulgaris l., pisum sativum l., and vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. formed by rhizobium phaseoll 3622, r. ieguminosarum 3855, and bradyrhizobium sp. br7301, respectively. a mn-sod was present in rhizobium and two in bradyrhizobium and bacteroids. nodule mitochondria from all three legume species had a single mn-sod with similar relative mobility, whereas the cytosol contained seve ... | 1989 | 16666924 |
| modulation of host gene expression during initiation and early growth of nodules in cowpea, vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. | inoculation of 2-day-old cowpea (vigna unguiculata [l.] walp.) seedlings with rhizobium fredii usda257 results in proficient nodulation of the tap root. the most abundant nodulation occurs in a region roughly corresponding to the position of the root tip at the time of inoculation. we have examined plant gene expression in this region, after inoculation with either usda257 or a nonnodulating mutant, 257b3. after isolation of mrna and in vitro translation, the protein products were separated by t ... | 1990 | 16667410 |
| effect of po(2) on growth and nodule functioning of symbiotic cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp.). | nodulated cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp. cv vita 3:bradyrhizobium cb 756) plants were cultured with their whole root system or crown root nodulation zone maintained for periods from 5 to 69 days after planting in atmospheres containing a range of po(2) (1-80%, v/v) while the rest of the plant grew in normal air. growth (dry matter yield) and n(2) fixation were largely unaffected by po(2) from 10 to 40%. decrease in fixation at po(2) below 5% was due to lower nodulation and nodule mass and, a ... | 1990 | 16667605 |
| effect of po(2) during growth on the gaseous diffusional properties of nodules of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp.). | adaptations of nodules of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp. cv vita 3: bradyrhizobium cb 756) to growth in po(2) ranging from 1 to 80% o(2) (volume/volume) involved both readily reversible mechanisms of adjustment and more stable alterations which together resulted in nodules with widely ranging resistance to diffusion of gases. those grown in subambient po(2) (1-5% o(2) were altered such that rapid diffusional adjustment was unable to prevent irreversible loss of nitrogenase on their transfer ... | 1990 | 16667606 |
| effect of po(2) on the formation and status of leghemoglobin in nodules of cowpea and soybean. | nodulated cowpea (vigna unguiculata [l.] walp. cv vita 3: bradyrhizobium strain cb756) and soybean (glycine max [l.] merr. cv white eye: bradyrhizobium strain cb1809) were grown with their root systems maintained in a flowing gas stream containing a range of po(2) (1-80%, v/v) in n(2) for up to 28 days after planting. at the extremes of sub- and supra-ambient po(2), the levels of leghemoglobin (lb) in nodules were reduced. however, neither the proportional composition of lb component proteins (e ... | 1991 | 16668046 |
| evaluation of the extent of homologous chloroplast dna sequences in the mitochondrial genome of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l.). | southern blot hybridization techniques were used to estimate the extent of chloroplast dna sequences present in the mitochondrial genome of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l.) the entire mitochondrial chromosome was homogeneously labeled and used to probe blotted dna fragments obtained by extensive restriction of the tobacco chloroplast genome. the strongest cross-homologies were obtained with fragments derived from the inverted repeat and the atpbe cluster regions, although most of the clones tested ... | 1992 | 16668671 |
| posttranslational modifications in the amino- terminal region of the large subunit of ribulose- 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from several plant species. | a combination of limited tryptic proteolysis, reverse phasehigh performance liquid chromatography, edman degradative sequencing, amino acid analysis, and fast-atom bombardment mass-spectrometry was used to remove and identify the first 14 to 18 n-terminal amino acid residues of the large subunit of higher plant-type ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) from chlamydomonas reinhardtii, marchantia polymorpha, pea (pisum sativum), tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), potato (solanu ... | 1992 | 16668742 |
| toxic effects of low concentrations of cu on nodulation of cowpea (vigna unguiculata). | although cu is phytotoxic at cu(2+) activities as low as 1-2 microm, the effect of cu(2+) on the nodulation of legumes has received little attention. the effect of cu(2+) on nodulation of cowpea (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. cv. caloona) was examined in a dilute solution culture system utilising a cation exchange resin to buffer solution cu(2+). the nodulation process was more sensitive to increasing cu(2+) activities than both shoot and root growth; whilst a cu(2+) activity of 1.0 microm corres ... | 2007 | 16678321 |
| roots and leaves display contrasting oxidative response during salt stress and recovery in cowpea. | in this study, we compare some antioxidative responses of leaves and roots associated to growth reduction in cowpea plants (vigna unguiculata) during short-term salt stress and recovery. the salt treatment was imposed (200 mm nacl) for six consecutive days and the salt withdrawal after 3 d. the salt treatment caused an almost complete cessation in the relative growth rate of both leaves and roots. although nacl withdrawal has induced an intense reduction in the na(+) content from the leaves and ... | 2007 | 16690169 |
| fragments of atp synthase mediate plant perception of insect attack. | plants can perceive a wide range of biotic attackers and respond with targeted induced defenses. specificity in plant non-self-recognition occurs either directly by perception of pest-derived elicitors or indirectly through resistance protein recognition of host targets that are inappropriately proteolyzed. indirect plant perception can occur during interactions with pathogens, yet evidence for analogous events mediating the detection of insect herbivores remains elusive. here we report indirect ... | 2006 | 16720701 |
| production and biochemical characterization of insecticidal enzymes from aspergillus fumigatus toward callosobruchus maculatus. | in the present work, aspergillus fumigatus is described as a higher producer of hydrolytic enzymes secreted in response to the presence of the callosobruchus maculatus bruchid pest. this fungus was able to grow over cowpea weevil shells as a unique carbon source, secreting alkaline proteolytic and chitinolytic enzymes. enzyme secretion in a. fumigatus was induced by both c. maculatus exoskeleton as well as commercial chitin, and alkaline proteolytic and chitinolytic activities were detected afte ... | 2006 | 16732450 |
| capsid protein gene and the type of host plant differentially modulate cell-to-cell movement of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. | a study was undertaken to measure the rate of coat protein (cp) independent cell-to-cell movement of cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus (ccmv) in three different host plants. a ccmv rna3 variant in which the cp gene was substituted with enhanced green fluorescent protein (c3/deltacp-egfp) was coinoculated to three different host plants with transcripts of wild type rnas 1 and 2. comparative analysis of cell-to-cell movement monitored by the egfp expression at various days post inoculation reveal ... | 2006 | 16732474 |
| [transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with increased resistance to the storage pest obtained by agrobacterium tumefaciens--mediated]. | the transgenic wheat of improved resistance to the storage pest was production. we have introduced the cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene (cpti) into cultured embryonic callus cells of immature embryos of wheat elite line by agrobacterium-mediated method. independent plantlets were obtained from the kanamycin-resistant calli after screening. pcr and real time pcr analysis, pcr-southern and southern blot hybridization indicated that there were 3 transgenic plants viz. transformed- i, ii and iii (t- i, ... | 2006 | 16755923 |
| the potential of plant virus vectors for vaccine production. | plants viruses are versatile vectors that allow the rapid and convenient production of recombinant proteins in plants. compared with production systems based on transgenic plants, viral vectors are easier to manipulate and recombinant proteins can be produced more quickly and in greater yields. over the last few years, there has been much interest in the development of plant viruses as vectors for the production of vaccines, either as whole polypeptides or epitopes displayed on the surface of ch ... | 2006 | 16784246 |
| in vitro replication of cowpea mosaic virus rna iii. template recognition by cowpea mosaic virus rna replicase. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) rna replicase has been purified about 200-fold from cpmv-infected vigna unguiculata leaves. optimal reaction conditions for replicase activity have been established that allow rna synthesis to proceed for at least 15 h. using a polymerase assay under conditions optimal for cpmv rna-directed rna synthesis, all natural rna species tested appeared to be able to direct the incorporation of labeled ribonucleotides, whereas synthetic homoribopolymers were either inactive or ... | 1979 | 16789172 |
| effect of cordycepin triphosphate on in vitro rna synthesis by plant viral replicases. | in vitro rna synthesis by tobacco mosaic virus and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus replicase were inhibited by cordycepin triphosphate. inhibition could be overcome with higher concentrations of atp in assay mixtures but not with utp. products synthesized in vitro by tobacco mosaic virus rna replicase in the presence of inhibitor revealed replicative form but not replicative intermediate rnas. these results suggest that cordycepin triphosphate competes specifically with atp and results in prematur ... | 1979 | 16789174 |
| expression of bottom component rna of cowpea mosaic virus in cowpea protoplasts. | upon inoculation of cowpea protoplasts with the bottom component of cowpea mosaic virus, at least six virus-induced proteins (with sizes of 170, 110, 87, 84, 60, and 32 kilodaltons) are synthesized, but not the capsid proteins (37 and 23 kilodaltons). these bottom-component-induced proteins were studied with respect to their genetic origin and mode of synthesis. the analyses were based on their electrophoretic peptide patterns resulting from partial digestion with staphylococcus aureus protease ... | 1980 | 16789203 |
| expression of middle-component rna of cowpea mosaic virus: in vitro generation of a precursor to both capsid proteins by a bottom-component rna-encoded protease from infected cells. | the expression of the middle-component (m) rna of cowpea mosaic virus was studied by means of in vitro translation. in both the wheat germ extract and the rabbit reticulocyte lysate, m rna was translated into two overlapping polypeptides of 95 and 105 kilodaltons. incubation of these polypeptides with 30,000 x g supernatant fractions from cowpea mesophyll protoplasts inoculated with complete virus or with separate bottom (b) components alone resulted in extensive processing, yielding polypeptide ... | 1982 | 16789216 |
| antibodies against the genome-linked protein vpg of cowpea mosaic virus recognize a 60,000-dalton precursor polypeptide. | we have prepared a rabbit antiserum specifically directed against the genome-linked protein (vpg) of cowpea mosaic virus by injecting an hydrolysate of purified virion rna. using this antiserum as a probe in combination with "western" (protein) blots of subcellular fractions of cowpea mosaic virus-infected cowpea (vigna unguiculata) cells, we have detected a bottom component rna-encoded, 60,000-dalton polypeptide which is membrane bound and presumably represents the immediate precursor of vpg. | 1982 | 16789217 |
| expression of the bottom-component rna of cowpea mosaic virus: evidence that the 60-kilodalton vpg precursor is cleaved into single vpg and a 58-kilodalton polypeptide. | in cowpea protoplasts infected with cowpea mosaic virus, a bottom-component (b) rna-encoded 60-kilodalton (60k) polypeptide is synthesized, which is membrane-bound and represents the direct precursor to the genome-bound protein vpg. the relationship between this vpg precursor and other b-rna-encoded polypeptides was studied. digestion of the b-rna-encoded 170k and 84k polypeptides with staphylococcus aureus protease v8 and subsequent analysis of the generated peptides with antiserum against vpg ... | 1982 | 16789223 |
| cowpea mosaic virus-encoded protease does not recognize primary translation products of m rnas from other comoviruses. | the protease encoded by the large (b) rna segment of cowpea mosaic virus was tested for its ability to recognize the in vitro translation products of the small (m) rna segment from the comoviruses squash mosaic virus, red clover mottle virus, and cowpea severe mosaic virus (cpsmv, strains dg and ark), and from the nepovirus tomato black ring virus. like m rna from cowpea mosaic virus, the m rnas from squash mosaic virus, red clover mottle virus, cpsmv-dg, and cpsmv-ark were all translated into t ... | 1982 | 16789228 |
| orientation of the cleavage map of the 200-kilodalton polypeptide encoded by the bottom-component rna of cowpea mosaic virus. | the genomic organization of the bottom-component rna of cowpea mosaic virus was studied. in vivo, this rna encodes at least eight different polypeptides of 170, 110, 87, 84, 60, 58, 32, and 4 kilodaltons (k), the last polypeptide representing the genome-bound protein vpg. in rabbit reticulocyte lysates, bottom-component rna is translated into a 200k polypeptide which is then processed to give the 32 and 170k polypeptides also found in vivo. by pulse-labeling the 200k primary translation product, ... | 1983 | 16789243 |
| detection of a novel protein encoded by the bottom-component rna of cowpea mosaic virus, using antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide. | a peptide was synthesized that corresponded to a sequence in the cowpea mosaic virus bottom-component rna-encoded 200-kilodalton polyprotein showing homology to the picornaviral 3c proteases. by injecting a rabbit with this peptide, antibodies were obtained that allowed the detection of a novel viral protein derived from the 200-kilodalton polyprotein. this protein, which had a size of 24 kilodaltons was found in both infected cowpea leaves and cowpea protoplasts. | 1987 | 16789262 |
| inhibition of cleavage of a plant viral polyprotein by an inhibitor activity present in wheat germ and cowpea embryos. | in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, the bottom component rna of cowpea mosaic virus directs the synthesis of a 200,000-molecular-weight precursor protein (200k protein) that is cleaved during synthesis by a reticulocyte enzyme to form a 32k protein and a 170k protein. cleavage of the 200k protein was found to be effectively inhibited by inhibitor activity in wheat germ and cowpea embryo extracts. the inhibitor was nondialyzable, precipitatable by ammonium sulfate, and partially stable at high tempera ... | 1987 | 16789263 |
| identification of a cowpea gamma-thionin with bactericidal activity. | antimicrobial peptides are an abundant group of proteinaceous compounds widely produced in the plant kingdom. among them, the gamma-thionin family, also known as plant defensins, represents one typical family and comprises low molecular mass cysteine-rich proteins, usually cationic and distributed in different plant tissues. here, we report the purification and characterization of a novel gamma-thionin from cowpea seeds (vigna unguiculata), named cp-thionin ii, with bactericidal activity against ... | 2006 | 16824043 |
| visualization of ptdins3p dynamics in living plant cells. | to investigate ptdins3p localization and function in plants, a fluorescent ptdins3p-specific biosensor (yfp-2xfyve) was created. on lipid dot blots it bound specifically and with high affinity to ptdins3p. transient expression in cowpea protoplasts labelled vacuolar membranes and highly motile structures undergoing fusion and fission. stable expression in tobacco by-2 cells labelled similar motile structures, but labelled vacuolar membranes hardly at all. yfp-2xfyve fluorescence strongly co-loca ... | 2006 | 16856980 |
| deterrent activity of plant lectins on cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus (f.) oviposition. | a set of 14 plant lectins was screened in a binary choice bioassay for inhibitory activity on cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus (f.) oviposition. coating of chickpea seeds (cicer arietinum l.) with a 0.05% (w/v) solution of plant lectins caused a significant reduction in egg laying. control experiments with heat inactivated lectin and bsa indicated that the observed deterrent effects are specific and require carbohydrate-binding activity. however, no clear correlation could be established b ... | 2006 | 16887156 |
| early legume responses to inoculation with rhizobium sp. ngr234. | interactions between legumes and rhizobia are controlled by the sequential exchange of symbiotic signals. two different techniques, 2d-page electrophoresis and differential display were used to study the effects of rhizobial signals on legume development. application of variously substituted lipo-oligo-saccharidic nod-factors to roots of vigna unguiculata resulted in changes in the phosphorylation patterns of microsomal proteins. reliable amino-acid sequences were obtained for one nod-factor enh ... | 2007 | 16887234 |
| histological studies of damage by pod-sucking bugs (heteroptera: coreoidea) associated with cowpea vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata in nigeria. | histological studies were conducted on cowpea pods fed upon by the coreoid pod-sucking bugs, anoplocnemis curvipes (fabricius), clavigralla tomentosicollis stål, c. shadabi dolling, riptortus dentipes (fabricius) and mirperus jaculus (thunberg). various degrees of tissue and cellular disruption were apparent, especially in the brachysclereids. they were manifested in terms of plasmolysis, cell enlargement and cell wall disintegration depending on the coreoid species involved. the feeding site an ... | 2006 | 16923212 |
| exo-oligosaccharides of rhizobium sp. strain ngr234 are required for symbiosis with various legumes. | rhizobia are nitrogen-fixing bacteria that establish endosymbiotic associations with legumes. nodule formation depends on various bacterial carbohydrates, including lipopolysaccharides, k-antigens, and exopolysaccharides (eps). an acidic eps from rhizobium sp. strain ngr234 consists of glucosyl (glc), galactosyl (gal), glucuronosyl (glca), and 4,6-pyruvylated galactosyl (pvgal) residues with beta-1,3, beta-1,4, beta-1,6, alpha-1,3, and alpha-1,4 glycoside linkages. here we examined the role of n ... | 2006 | 16923883 |
| high-level constitutive expression in pichia pastoris and one-step purification of phospholipase d from cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp). | phospholipase d (pld) is one of the main enzymes involved in signal transduction, vesicle trafficking and membrane metabolism processes. here we describe the heterologous high-yield expression in the yeast pichia pastoris, one-step purification and characterization of catalytically active pldalpha from cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp). immunoblotting experiments showed that recombinant pldalpha is recognized by a polyclonal antibody raised against native soybean pldalpha. a single calcium-depe ... | 2007 | 16949301 |
| estimating the digestibility of sahelian roughages from faecal crude protein concentration of cattle and small ruminants. | studies on diet selection and feed intake of ruminants in extensive grazing systems often require the use of simple approaches to determine the organic matter digestibility (omd) of the ingested feed. therefore, we evaluated the validity of the one-factorial exponential regression established by lukas et al. [journal of animal science 83 (2005) 1332], which estimates omd from the faecal crude protein (fcp) concentration. the equation was applied to two sets of data obtained with free grazing and ... | 2006 | 16958793 |
| use of virus vectors for the expression in plants of active full-length and single chain anti-coronavirus antibodies. | to extend the potential of antibodies and their derivatives to provide passive protection against enteric infections when supplied orally in crude plant extracts, we have expressed both a small immune protein (sip) and a full-length antibody in plants using two different plant virus vectors based on potato virus x (pvx) and cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). the alphasip molecule consisted of a single chain antibody (scfv) specific for the porcine coronavirus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) ... | 2006 | 17004304 |
| introduction of the anti-apoptotic baculovirus p35 gene in passion fruit induces herbicide tolerance, reduced bacterial lesions, but does not inhibits passion fruit woodiness disease progress induced by cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv). | the introduction of anti-apoptotic genes into plants leads to resistance to environmental stress and broad-spectrum disease resistance. the anti-apoptotic gene (p35) from a baculovirus was introduced into the genome of passion fruit plants by biobalistics. eleven regenerated plants showed the presence of the p35 gene by pcr and/or dot blot hybridization. transcriptional analysis of regenerated plants showed the presence of specific p35 transcripts in 9 of them. regenerated plants containing the ... | 2007 | 17016672 |
| an engineered virus as a bright fluorescent tag and scaffold for cargo proteins--capture and transport by gliding microtubules. | we have demonstrated substantial capture and transport of fluorescently-labeled engineered cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) using drosophila kinesin-driven microtubules (mts). the capture occurred through both neutravidin (na)-biotin and antibody (igg)-antigen interactions. the mts were derivatized with rabbit anti-chicken igg or biotin, and the virus was conjugated with chicken igg or na. the cpmv conjugate was introduced into standard mt motility assays via convective flow at concentrations as high ... | 2006 | 17037855 |
| cloning and characterization of a cowpea seed lipid transfer protein cdna: expression analysis during seed development and under fungal and cold stresses in seedlings' tissues. | lipid transfer proteins (ltps) are antimicrobial peptides (amps) involved in the defense of plants against pathogens. our group has previously characterized and purified a ltp from cowpea (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp.) seeds which caused the inhibition of growth of fungal pathogens in vitro. the aim of this work was to obtain the cdna encoding the cowpea ltp and after cloning, to use the cdna as a probe for studying its expression profile during the development of cowpea seeds. in this work, the ... | 2006 | 17084637 |
| expression and self-assembly of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus-like particles in pseudomonas fluorescens. | coat protein of the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv), a plant bromovirus, has been expressed in a soluble form in a prokaryote, pseudomonas fluorescens, and assembled into virus-like particles (vlps) in vivo that were structurally similar to the native ccmv particles derived from plants. the ccmv vlps were purified by peg precipitation followed by separation on a sucrose density gradient and analyzed by size exclusion chromatography, uv spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy. dna ... | 2007 | 17113675 |
| sobemoviruses possess a common cfmv-like genomic organization. | based on structural differences in the orf2 region, the sobemoviruses have been subdivided into southern cowpea mosaic virus (scpmv)-like and cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv)-like types of genome organization. however, nearly identical amino acid sequences are encoded by these subgroups in different reading frames of orf2, suggesting that insertion or deletion of appropriate nucleotides could restore similar genomic organizations for these viruses. we resequenced the regions of inconsistency for is ... | 2007 | 17115301 |
| interaction between a 54-kilodalton mammalian cell surface protein and cowpea mosaic virus. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), a plant virus that is a member of the picornavirus superfamily, is increasingly being used for nanotechnology applications, including material science, vascular imaging, vaccine development, and targeted drug delivery. for these applications, it is critical to understand the in vivo interactions of cpmv within the mammalian system. although the bioavailability of cpmv in the mouse has been demonstrated, the specific interactions between cpmv and mammalian cells need t ... | 2007 | 17121801 |
| effect of supplementation on the feed intake and performance of confined and scavenging crossbred growing chickens in burkina faso. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of crossbred growing chickens (rhode island red x indigenous burkina faso hens) from 6 to 17 weeks of age, under five feeding/management regimes: (1) cmx(+), confined and given a mixed feed containing cracked maize and cowpea and a vitamin-mineral premix ad libitum; (2) cs(+), confined and offered ad libitum a choice of cracked maize and cowpea with the premix; (3) scs(+), scavenging from 09:00 to 16:00 with the diet in treatment (2) availa ... | 2006 | 17137134 |
| highly sensitive determination of transient generation of biophotons during hypersensitive response to cucumber mosaic virus in cowpea. | the hypersensitive response (hr) is one mechanism of the resistance of plants to pathogen infection. it involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) which have crucial roles in signal transduction or as toxic agents leading to cell death. often, ros generation is accompanied by an ultraweak photon emission resulting from radical reactions that are initiated by ros through the oxidation of living materials such as lipids, proteins, and dna. this photon emission, referred to as 'biopho ... | 2007 | 17158510 |
| a bipartite system for the constitutive and inducible expression of high levels of foreign proteins in plants. | we have developed combined transgene/virus vector systems for the expression of heterologous proteins in plants. the systems are based on the bipartite rna plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), and involve the amplification of integrated copies of either full-length or deleted versions of rna-2 carrying a foreign gene. in the case of plants transgenic for full-length versions of rna-2 carrying the green fluorescent protein (gfp), amplification can be achieved by supplying rna-1 either exogeno ... | 2006 | 17177795 |
| inactivation and purification of cowpea mosaic virus-like particles displaying peptide antigens from bacillus anthracis. | chimeric cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) particles displaying foreign peptide antigens on the particle surface are suitable for development of peptide-based vaccines. however, commonly used peg precipitation-based purification methods are not sufficient for production of high quality vaccine candidates because they do not allow for separation of chimeric particles from cleaved contaminating species. moreover, the purified particles remain infectious to plants. to advance the cpmv technology further, ... | 2007 | 17227681 |
| heavy metal accumulations of 24 asparagus bean cultivars grown in soil contaminated with cd alone and with multiple metals (cd, pb, and zn). | crops grown in heavy metal contaminated soils are an important avenue for these toxic pollutants entering the human food chain. information on how crops respond to soil contaminations of single versus multiple metals is scarce and much needed. this study investigated the accumulation of cd by 24 cultivars of asparagus bean (vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis l., family fabaceae) under a low level (0.8 mg kg-1) and a high level (11.8 mg kg-1) of cd exposure in a garden experiment, and that in ... | 2007 | 17263511 |
| evaluation of cymbopogon martinii oil extract for control of postharvest insect deterioration in cereals and legumes. | the essential oil of cymbopogon martinii was tested for its potency as a botanical pesticide to protect stored wheat (triticum aestivum) and gram (garbanzo bean, cicer arietinum) from insect infestation. the c. martinii oil was potent as a fumigant in stored gram. the oil was an effective repellent against the beetles callosobruchus chinensis and tribolium castaneum. geraniol, the major component of the oil, was not as effective as the oil itself. c. martinii oil significantly affected ovipositi ... | 2007 | 17265877 |
| interactions of viruses in cowpea: effects on growth and yield parameters. | the study was carried out to investigate the effects of inoculating three cowpea cultivars: "olo ii", "oloyin" and it86d-719 with three unrelated viruses: cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv), genus potyvirus, cowpea mottle virus (cmev), genus carmovirus and southern bean mosaic virus (sbmv), genus sobemovirus singly and in mixture on growth and yield of cultivars at 10 and 30 days after planting (dap). generally, the growth and yield of the buffer inoculated control plants were significantly ... | 2007 | 17286870 |