Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| albizia lebbeck seed coat proteins bind to chitin and act as a defense against cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus. | the seed coat is an external tissue that participates in defense against insects. in some nonhost seeds, including albizia lebbeck, the insect callosobruchus maculatus dies during seed coat penetration. we investigated the toxicity of a. lebbeck seed coat proteins to c. maculatus. a chitin-binding protein fraction was isolated from seed coat, and mass spectrometry showed similarity to a c1 cysteine protease. by elm program an n-glycosylation interaction motif was identified in this protein, and ... | 2016 | 27078512 |
| a pigeonpea gene confers resistance to asian soybean rust in soybean. | asian soybean rust (asr), caused by the fungus phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most economically important crop diseases, but is only treatable with fungicides, which are becoming less effective owing to the emergence of fungicide resistance. there are no commercial soybean cultivars with durable resistance to p. pachyrhizi, and although soybean resistance loci have been mapped, no resistance genes have been cloned. we report the cloning of a p. pachyrhizi resistance gene ccrpp1 (cajanus ca ... | 2016 | 27111723 |
| ensifer glycinis sp. nov., a rhizobial species associated with species of the genus glycine. | rhizobial strains from root nodules of astragalus mongholicus and soybean (glycine max) were characterized phylogenetically as members of the genus ensifer (formerly named sinorhizobium), based on 16s rrna gene sequence comparisons. results based upon concatenated sequence analysis of three housekeeping genes (reca, atpd and glnii, ≤ 93.8 % similarities to known species) and average nucleotide identity (ani) values of whole genome sequence comparisons (ranging from 89.6 % to 83.4 % to ensifer fr ... | 2016 | 27125987 |
| coupling peptide antigens to virus-like particles or to protein carriers influences the th1/th2 polarity of the resulting immune response. | we have conjugated the s9 peptide, a mimic of the group b streptococcal type iii capsular polysaccharide, to different carriers in an effort to elicit an optimal immune response. as carriers, we utilized the soluble protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin and virus-like particles (vlps) from two plant viruses, cowpea chlorotic mottle virus and cowpea mosaic virus. we have found that coupling the peptide to the soluble protein elicits a th2 immune response, as evidenced by the production of the peptide ... | 2016 | 27164150 |
| draft genome sequence of bradyrhizobium sp. strain br 3267, an elite strain recommended for cowpea inoculation in brazil. | the strain br 3267 is a nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria isolated from soil of semi-arid area of brazilian northeast using cowpea as the trap plant. this strain is used as commercial inoculant for cowpea and presents high efficient in nitrogen fixation as consequence of its adaptation potential to semi-arid conditions. we report here the draft genome sequence of bradyrhizobium sp. strain br 3267, an elite bacterium used as inoculant for cowpea. whole genome sequencing of br 3267 using illumina ... | 2017 | 27212153 |
| bacterial molecular signals in the sinorhizobium fredii-soybean symbiosis. | sinorhizobium (ensifer) fredii (s. fredii) is a rhizobial species exhibiting a remarkably broad nodulation host-range. thus, s. fredii is able to effectively nodulate dozens of different legumes, including plants forming determinate nodules, such as the important crops soybean and cowpea, and plants forming indeterminate nodules, such as glycyrrhiza uralensis and pigeon-pea. this capacity of adaptation to different symbioses makes the study of the molecular signals produced by s. fredii strains ... | 2016 | 27213334 |
| draft genome sequence of bradyrhizobium sp. strain br 3262, an effective microsymbiont recommended for cowpea inoculation in brazil. | the strain br 3262 was isolated from nodule of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp) growing in soil of the atlantic forest area in brazil and it is reported as an efficient nitrogen fixing bacterium associated to cowpea. firstly, this strain was assigned as bradyrhizobium elkanii, however, recently a more detailed genetic and molecular characterization has indicated it could be a bradyrhizobium pachyrhizi species. we report here the draft genome sequence of b. pachyrhizi strain br 3262, an elite b ... | 2017 | 27216893 |
| metabolomic profiling of bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens-induced root nodules reveals both host plant-specific and developmental signatures. | bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens is a nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont, which can grow inside root-nodule cells of the agriculturally important soybean and other host plants. our previous studies described b. diazoefficiens host-specific global expression changes occurring during legume infection at the transcript and protein level. in order to further characterize nodule metabolism, we here determine by flow injection-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis the metabolome of (i) nodules and roots fr ... | 2016 | 27240350 |
| tropism of cpmv to professional antigen presenting cells enables a platform to eliminate chronic infections. | chronic viral infections (e.g., hiv, hbv, hcv) represent a significant source of morbidity and mortality with over 500 million people infected worldwide. dendritic cells (dcs) and macrophages are key cell types for productive viral replication and persistent systemic infection. we demonstrate that the plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) displays tropism for such antigen presenting cells in both mice and humans, thus making it an ideal candidate for targeted drug delivery toward viral infectio ... | 2015 | 27280157 |
| all 37 mitochondrial genes of aphid aphis craccivora obtained from transcriptome sequencing: implications for the evolution of aphids. | the availability of mitochondrial genome data for aphididae, one of the economically important insect pest families, in public databases is limited. the advent of next generation sequencing technology provides the potential to generate mitochondrial genome data for many species timely and cost-effectively. in this report, we used transcriptome sequencing technology to determine all the 37 mitochondrial genes of the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora. this method avoids the necessity of finding suita ... | 2016 | 27314587 |
| 3-o-β-d-glucopyranosyltheobroxide from aerial parts of cowpea (vigna unguiculata). | theobroxide has been isolated from culture filtrates of lasiodiplodia theobromae as a potato tuber-inducing compound. in this study, the metabolism of theobroxide was investigated using cowpea as an experimental model and [2h3-7]theobroxide as a substrate for analyzing a metabolite, which revealed that theobroxide applied exogenously to the roots was converted into 3-o-β-d-glucopyranosyltheobroxide. | 2016 | 27319148 |
| the role of plasmodesma-located proteins in tubule-guided virus transport is limited to the plasmodesmata. | intercellular spread of plant viruses involves passage of the viral genome or virion through a plasmodesma (pd). some viruses severely modify the pd structure, as they assemble a virion carrying tubule composed of the viral movement protein (mp) inside the pd channel. successful modulation of the host plant to allow infection requires an intimate interaction between viral proteins and both structural and regulatory host proteins. to date, however, very few host proteins are known to promote viru ... | 2016 | 27339685 |
| partial life history of chrysodeixis includens (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on summer hosts. | the soybean looper, chrysodeixis includens (walker) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a major defoliating pest of soybeans, glycine max (l.) merrill, in louisiana. however, other alternate host crops in the agroecosystem have the potential to impact c. includens populations. life table statistics of c. includens on four host plants were evaluated. c. includens larvae were fed leaves of three cotton gossypium hirsutum l. cultivars 'dp 143 b2rf,' 'dp 174 rf,' and 'phy 485 wrf'; cowpea vigna unguiculata ... | 2016 | 27375294 |
| plant defense inhibitors affect the structures of midgut cells in drosophila melanogaster and callosobruchus maculatus. | plants produce proteins such as protease inhibitors and lectins as defenses against herbivorous insects and pathogens. however, no systematic studies have explored the structural responses in the midguts of insects when challenged with plant defensive proteins and lectins across different species. in this study, we fed two kinds of protease inhibitors and lectins to the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster and alpha-amylase inhibitors and lectins to the cowpea bruchid callosobruchus maculatus. we a ... | 2016 | 27594789 |
| drought increases cowpea (vigna unguiculata [l.] walp.) susceptibility to cowpea severe mosaic virus (cpsmv) at early stage of infection. | the physiological and biochemical responses of a drought tolerant, virus-susceptible cowpea genotype exposed to drought stress (d), infected by cowpea severe mosaic virus (cpsmv) (v), and to these two combined stresses (dv), at 2 and 6 days post viral inoculation (dpi), were evaluated. gas exchange parameters (net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and internal co2 partial pressure) were reduced in d and dv at 2 and 6 dpi compared to control plants (c). photosynthesis was ... | 2016 | 27669396 |
| natural postharvest aflatoxin occurrence in food legumes in the smallholder farming sector of zimbabwe. | aflatoxins, mainly produced by aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus, are highly toxic and may lead to health problems such as liver cancer. exposure to aflatoxins may result from ingestion of contaminated foods. levels of afb1, afb2, afg1 and afg2 in samples of groundnuts (arachis hypogaea), beans (phaseolus vulgaris), cowpeas (vigna unguiculata) and bambara nuts (vigna subterranean) grown by smallholder farmers in shamva and makoni districts, zimbabwe, were determined at harvesting, u ... | 2017 | 27700622 |
| a putative 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-coa hydrolase is required for efficient symbiotic nitrogen fixation in sinorhizobium meliloti and sinorhizobium fredii ngr234. | we report that the smb20752 gene of the alfalfa symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti is a novel symbiotic gene required for full n2 -fixation. deletion of smb20752 resulted in lower nitrogenase activity and smaller nodules without impacting overall nodule morphology. orthologs of smb20752 were present in all alpha and beta rhizobia, including the ngr_b20860 gene of sinorhizobium fredii ngr234. a ngr_b20860 mutant formed fix(-) determinate nodules that developed normally to a late stage of the symbios ... | 2017 | 27727485 |
| construction of a full-length infectious cdna clone of cowpea mild mottle virus. | infectious cdna clones are an important tool to study the molecular and cellular process of rna virus infection. in vitro and in vivo transcription systems are the two main strategies used in the generation of infectious cdna clones for rna viruses. this study describes the first generation of a full-length infectious cdna clone of cowpea mild mottle virus (cpmmv), a carlavirus. the full-length genome was synthesized by overlap extension pcr of two overlapping fragments and cloned in a puc-based ... | 2017 | 27730428 |
| transmission of phage by glassy-winged sharpshooters, a vector of xylella fastidiosa. | xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa (xff) is the causal agent of pierce's disease (pd) of grapevines and is vectored by the glassy-winged sharpshooter (gwss, homalodisca vitripennis). previously we have reported the development of a bacteriophage (phage) based biocontrol system for pd, but no information on insect transmission of phages has been reported. here we communicate that laboratory reared gwsss fed on cowpea plants (vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata) harboring the virulent phage paz ... | 2017 | 27738554 |
| metagenomic-based screening and molecular characterization of cowpea-infecting viruses in burkina faso. | cowpea, (vigna unguiculata l. (walp)) is an annual tropical grain legume. often referred to as "poor man's meat", cowpea is one of the most important subsistence legumes cultivated in west africa due to the high protein content of its seeds. however, african cowpea production can be seriously constrained by viral diseases that reduce yields. while twelve cowpea-infecting viruses have been reported from africa, only three of these have so-far been reported from burkina faso. here we use a virion- ... | 2016 | 27764211 |
| photosynthetic and biochemical mechanisms of an ems-mutagenized cowpea associated with its resistance to cowpea severe mosaic virus. | the seed treatment of a cpsmv-susceptible cowpea genotype with the mutagenic agent ems generated mutagenized resistant plantlets that respond to the virus challenge by activating biochemical and physiological defense mechanisms. cowpea is an important crop that makes major nutritional contributions particularly to the diet of the poor population worldwide. however, its production is low, because cowpea is naturally exposed to several abiotic and biotic stresses, including viral agents. cowpea se ... | 2017 | 27838815 |
| microbial degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in crude oil: a field-scale study at the low-land rainforest of ecuador. | a field-level feasibility study was conducted to determine total petroleum hydrocarbon (tph)-degrading potential of two bacterial strains, bacillus thuringiensis b3 and b. cereus b6, and two fungi, geomyces pannorum hr and geomyces sp. strain hv, all soil isolates obtained from an oil field located in north-east region of ecuador. crude oil-treated soil samples contained in wooden boxes received a mixture of all the four microorganisms and were incubated for 90 days in an open low-land area of a ... | 2016 | 27928937 |
| label-free proteomic reveals that cowpea severe mosaic virus transiently suppresses the host leaf protein accumulation during the compatible interaction with cowpea (vigna unguiculata [l.] walp.). | viruses are important plant pathogens that threaten diverse crops worldwide. diseases caused by cowpea severe mosaic virus (cpsmv) have drawn attention because of the serious damages they cause to economically important crops including cowpea. this work was undertaken to quantify and identify the responsive proteins of a susceptible cowpea genotype infected with cpsmv, in comparison with mock-inoculated controls, using label-free quantitative proteomics and databanks, aiming at providing insight ... | 2016 | 27934294 |
| plantmediated horizontal transmission of wolbachia between whiteflies. | maternal transmission is the main transmission pathway of facultative bacterial endosymbionts, but phylogenetically distant insect hosts harbor closely related endosymbionts, suggesting that horizontal transmission occurs in nature. here we report the first case of plant-mediated horizontal transmission of wolbachia between infected and uninfected bemisia tabaci asiaii7 whiteflies. after infected whiteflies fed on cotton leaves, wolbachia was visualized, both in the phloem vessels and in some no ... | 2017 | 27935594 |
| bradyrhizobium inoculants enhance grain yields of soybean and cowpea in northern ghana. | this study evaluated the symbiotic effectiveness and economic evaluation of rhizobium inoculants with the objective of recommending the most effective inoculant strain for soybean and cowpea production in northern ghana. field experiments were established in three locations using randomized complete block design with five blocks. a total of four treatments (legumefix, biofix, 100 kg n ha(-1) and uninoculated control for soybean and br 3267, br 3262, 100 kg n ha(-1) and uninoculated control for c ... | 2016 | 27965683 |
| the sinorhizobium (ensifer) fredii hh103 nodulation outer protein nopi is a determinant for efficient nodulation of soybean and cowpea plants. | the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is a specialized secretion apparatus that is commonly used by many plant and animal pathogenic bacteria to deliver proteins, termed effectors, to the interior of the host cells. these effectors suppress host defenses and interfere with signal transduction pathways to promote infection. some rhizobial strains possess a functional t3ss, which is involved in the suppression of host defense responses, host range determination, and symbiotic efficiency. the analys ... | 2017 | 27986730 |
| plant viral nanoparticles-based her2 vaccine: immune response influenced by differential transport, localization and cellular interactions of particulate carriers. | cancer vaccines are designed to elicit an endogenous adaptive immune response that can successfully recognize and eliminate residual or recurring tumors. such approaches can potentially overcome shortcomings of passive immunotherapies by generating long-lived therapeutic effects and immune memory while limiting systemic toxicities. a critical determinant of vaccine efficacy is efficient transport and delivery of tumor-associated antigens to professional antigen presenting cells (apcs). plant vir ... | 2017 | 28063980 |
| production in pichia pastoris, antifungal activity and crystal structure of a class i chitinase from cowpea (vigna unguiculata): insights into sugar binding mode and hydrolytic action. | a cowpea class i chitinase (vuchii) was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast p. pastoris. the recombinant protein was secreted into the culture medium and purified by affinity chromatography on a chitin matrix. the purified chitinase migrated on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as two closely-related bands with apparent molecular masses of 34 and 37 kda. the identity of these bands as vuchii was demonstrated by mass spectrometry analysis of tryptic peptides and n-terminal amino acid seque ... | 2017 | 28153694 |
| ensifer shofinae sp. nov., a novel rhizobial species isolated from root nodules of soybean (glycine max). | two bacterial strains isolated from root nodules of soybean were characterized phylogenetically as members of a distinct group in the genus ensifer based on 16s rrna gene comparisons. they were also verified as a separated group by the concatenated sequence analyses of reca, atpd and glnii (with similarities ≤93.9% to the type strains for defined species), and by the average nucleotide identities (ani) between the whole genome sequence of the representative strain ccbau 251167(t) and those of th ... | 2017 | 28209394 |
| phylogenetic multilocus sequence analysis of indigenous slow-growing rhizobia nodulating cowpea (vigna unguiculata l.) in greece. | cowpea (vigna unguiculata) is a promiscuous grain legume, capable of establishing efficient symbiosis with diverse symbiotic bacteria, mainly slow-growing rhizobial species belonging to the genus bradyrhizobium. although much research has been done on cowpea-nodulating bacteria in various countries around the world, little is known about the genetic and symbiotic diversity of indigenous cowpea rhizobia in european soils. in the present study, the genetic and symbiotic diversity of indigenous rhi ... | 2017 | 28214058 |
| a novel symbiovar (aegeanense) of the genus ensifer nodulates vigna unguiculata. | cowpea (vigna unguiculata) forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules with diverse symbiotic bacteria, mainly slow-growing rhizobial species belonging to the genus bradyrhizobium, although a few studies have reported the isolation of fast-growing rhizobia under laboratory and field conditions. although much research has been done on cowpea-nodulating bacteria in various countries around the world, very limited information is available on cowpea rhizobia in european soils. the aim of this study was to st ... | 2017 | 28220509 |
| (1)h nmr spectra dataset and solid-state nmr data of cowpea (vigna unguiculata). | in this article the nmr data from chemical shifts, coupling constants, and structures of all the characterized compounds were provided, beyond a complementary pca evaluation for the corresponding manuscript (e.g. alves filho, l.m.a. silva, e.m. teofilo, f.h. larsen, e.s. de brito, 2017) [3]. in addition, a complementary assessment from solid-state nmr data was provided. for further chemometric analysis, numerical matrices from the raw (1)h nmr data were made available in microsoft excel workbook ... | 2017 | 28224130 |
| enhanced synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, defense proteins and leghemoglobin in rhizobium-free cowpea roots after challenging with meloydogine incognita. | the root knot nematodes (rkn), meloydogine spp., particularly meloidogyne incognita and meloidogyne javanica species, parasitize several plant species and are responsible for large annual yield losses all over the world. only a few available chemical nematicides are still authorized for rkn control owing to environmental and health reasons. thus, plant resistance is currently considered the method of choice for controlling rkn, and research performed on the molecular interactions between plants ... | 2014 | 28250394 |
| a novel feedstuff: ensiling of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l.) stover and apple (malus domestica borkh.) mixtures. evaluation of the nutritive value, fermentation quality and aerobic stability. | agro-industrial by-products are of low economic value as foods for human consumption but may have potential value as animal feedstuffs. this study evaluated a novel feedstuff, ensiled discarded apple (85%) and cowpea stover (15%) mixtures with two different ensiling periods (45 and 60 days), regarding the nutritive value, fermentation quality and aerobic stability. | 2017 | 28276115 |
| genotype evaluation of cowpea seeds (vigna unguiculata) using (1)h qnmr combined with exploratory tools and solid-state nmr. | the ultimate aim of this study was to apply a non-targeted chemometric analysis (principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis using the heat map approach) of nmr data to investigate the variability of organic compounds in nine genotype cowpea seeds, without any complex pre-treatment. in general, both exploratory tools show that tvu 233, ce-584, and setentão genotypes presented higher amount mainly of raffinose and tvu 382 presented the highest content of choline and least co ... | 2017 | 28290318 |
| the responses of stomata and leaf gas exchange to vapour pressure deficits and soil water content : i. species comparisons at high soil water contents. | the responses of photosynthesis, transpiration and leaf conductance to changes in vapour pressure deficit were followed in well-watered plants of the herbaceous species, helianthus annuus, helianthus nuttallii, pisum sativum and vigna unguiculata, and in the woody species having either sclerophyllous leaves, arbutus unedo, nerium oleander and pistacia vera, or mesomorphic leaves, corylus avellana, gossypium hirsutum and prunus dulcis. when the vapour pressure deficit of the air around a single l ... | 1984 | 28311208 |
| impact assessment of silver nanoparticles on plant growth and soil bacterial diversity. | the present study was carried out to investigate the impact of silver nanoparticles (agnps) on the growth of three different crop species, wheat (triticum aestivum, var. up2338), cowpea (vigna sinensis, var. pusa komal), and brassica (brassica juncea, var. pusa jai kisan), along with their impact on the rhizospheric bacterial diversity. three different concentrations (0, 50 and 75 ppm) of agnps were applied through foliar spray. after harvesting, shoot and root parameters were compared, and it w ... | 2016 | 28330326 |
| comparative transcriptional analysis of the host-specialized aphids aphis gossypii (hemiptera: aphididae). | host specialization is an ubiquitous character in aphid populations. many polyphagous aphid populations usually consist of several subpopulations that have strong fidelity to a specific host or a subset of host range. host specialization is an evolutional result of food habit of insects. however, genetic basis and molecular mechanism of host specialization are still unclear. in this study, we presented a comparative analysis on global gene expression profiles of three lineages of aphis gossypii ... | 2017 | 28334183 |
| effects of xylem-sap composition on glassy-winged sharpshooter (hemiptera: cicadellidae) egg maturation on high- and low-quality host plants. | glassy-winged sharpshooters must feed as adults to produce mature eggs. cowpea and sunflower are both readily accepted by the glassy-winged sharpshooter for feeding, but egg production on sunflower was reported to be lower than egg production on cowpea. to better understand the role of adult diet in egg production, effects of xylem-sap chemistry on glassy-winged sharpshooter egg maturation was compared for females confined to cowpea and sunflower. females confined to cowpea consumed more xylem-s ... | 2017 | 28334386 |
| complete genome sequences of cowpea polerovirus 1 and cowpea polerovirus 2 infecting cowpea plants in burkina faso. | the full-length genome sequences of two novel poleroviruses found infecting cowpea plants, cowpea polerovirus 1 (cppv1) and cowpea polerovirus 2 (cppv2), were determined using overlapping rt-pcr and race-pcr. whereas the 5845-nt cppv1 genome was most similar to chickpea chlorotic stunt virus (73% identity), the 5945-nt cppv2 genome was most similar to phasey bean mild yellow virus (86% identity). the cppv1 and cppv2 genomes both have a typical polerovirus genome organization. phylogenetic analys ... | 2017 | 28337544 |
| toxicity of an annonin-based commercial bioinsecticide against three primary pest species of stored products. | the effects of a bioinsecticide formulation based on extract of annona squamosa l. (annonaceae) containing 10,000 mg l(-1) of acetogenin annonin as the main active ingredient were investigated against three primary pest species of stored grains in brazil [maize weevil sitophilus zeamais motschulsky (coleoptera: curculionidae), mexican bean weevil zabrotes subfasciatus (boheman) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae: bruchinae), and cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus (fabricius) (coleoptera: chrysomelid ... | 2017 | 28353149 |
| too much to handle? pesticide dependence of smallholder vegetable farmers in southeast asia. | this study aimed to understand farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding agricultural pest management and synthetic pesticide use in southeast asia. data were used from 900 farm households producing leaf mustard (brassica juncea (l.) czern. et coss.) and yard-long bean (vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (l.) verdc.) in cambodia, laos and vietnam. farmers heavily depended on synthetic pesticides as their main method of pest control. most farmers were aware of the adverse health ... | 2017 | 28359998 |
| complete genomic characterization of milk vetch dwarf virus isolates from cowpea and broad bean in anhui province, china. | cowpea and broad bean plants showing severe stunting and leaf rolling symptoms were observed in hefei city, anhui province, china, in 2014. symptomatic plants from both species were shown to be infected with milk vetch dwarf virus (mdv) by pcr. the complete genomes of mdv isolates from cowpea and broad bean were sequenced. each of them had eight genomic dnas that differed between the two isolates by 10.7% in their overall nucleotide sequences. in addition, the mdv genomes from cowpea and broad b ... | 2017 | 28386650 |
| expression in escherichia coli of cysteine protease inhibitors from cowpea (vigna unguiculata): the crystal structure of a single-domain cystatin gives insights on its thermal and ph stability. | two cysteine proteinase inhibitors from cowpea, vucys1 and vucys2, were produced in e. coli arcticexpress (de3). the recombinant products strongly inhibited papain and chymopapain as well as the midgut proteases from callosobruchus maculatus larvae, a bruchid that uses cysteine proteases as major digestive enzymes. heat treatment at 100°c for up to 60min or incubation at various ph values caused little reduction in the papain inhibitory activity of both inhibitors. moreover, minor conformational ... | 2017 | 28389401 |