| identification of novel resistance gene sources to cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora koch) in cowpea (vigna unguiculata l.). | the development of cowpea aphid larvae was monitored on seven cowpea genotypes (iar-48, tvu-15866, it84s-2246-4, saka babba sata, it90k-76, kanannado and tvx 3236). the aim of the study was to determine the developmental response of the larvae as an indication of antibiotic resistance of the genotypes. highly significant differences (p < 0.01) were observed with respect to fertility, larval development, adult longevity, life span, multiplication rate and intrinsic rate of increase. kanannado and ... | 2013 | 24506004 |
| design, synthesis, crystal structures, and insecticidal activities of eight-membered azabridge neonicotinoid analogues. | three series of novel azabridge neonicotinoid analogues were designed and synthesized, which were constructed by starting material a, glutaraldehyde, and primary amine hydrochlorides (aliphatic amines, phenylhydrazines, and anilines). most of the eight-membered azabridge compounds presented higher insecticidal activities than oxabridged compound b against cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora) and brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens). compared with imidacloprid, some azabridged compounds exhibited ex ... | 2014 | 24364696 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of nitromethylene neonicotinoids based on the enhanced conjugation. | the neonicotinoids with a nitroconjugated system had excellent bioactivity, which could rival imidacloprid, and has been previously reported. however, the photodegradation and hydrolysis of this series of neonicotinoids was very quick according to our further investigation, which cannot be developed as a pesticide further. the approach to further enhance the conjugation was tried not only to increase the bioactivities but also to improve the stability in water and in the sun. a substituted pheny ... | 2013 | 24180522 |
| effect of warming with temperature oscillations on a low-latitude aphid, aphis craccivora. | to estimate the net effect of climate change on natural populations, we must take into account the positive and negative effects of temperature oscillations and climate variability. warming because of climate change will likely exceed the physiological optima of tropical insects, which currently live very close to their thermal optima. tropical insects will be negatively affected if their optima are exceeded otherwise warming may affect them positively. we evaluate the demographic responses of t ... | 2013 | 23448233 |
| pyrrole- and dihydropyrrole-fused neonicotinoids: design, synthesis, and insecticidal evaluation. | versatile pyrrole- and dihydropyrrole-fused neonicotinoids were obtained from cyclic and non-cyclic nitroeneamines. anhydrous aluminum chloride (alcl₃) exhibited high catalytic selectivity for the synthesis of the titled etherified compounds at room temperature and the eliminated products under reflux conditions. the target molecules have been identified on the basis of satisfactory analytical and spectral [¹h and ¹³c nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr), high-resolution mass spectrometry (hrms), an ... | 2013 | 23256728 |
| quantification of canavanine, 2-aminoethanol, and cyanamide in aphis craccivora and its host plants, robinia pseudoacacia and vicia angustifolia: effects of these compounds on larval survivorship of harmonia axyridis. | the cowpea aphid aphis craccivora that infests the black locust robinia pseudoacacia shows toxicity to its predator, the multicolored asian ladybird beetle, harmonia axyridis. in contrast, the same aphid species that infests the common vetch, vicia angustifolia, is suitable prey for h. axyridis larvae. previously, it was reported that the toxicity of a. craccivora infesting r. pseudoacacia was due to canavanine and 2-aminoethanol, but there was some doubt about the toxicity of these compounds an ... | 2012 | 23179101 |
| synthesis and biological activity evaluation of novel β-substituted nitromethylene neonicotinoid analogues. | the structure-based design and synthesis of a series of novel neonicotinoid analogues are described. the novel neonicotinoid analogues were designed based upon the reaction of enamine derivatives with electron-withdrawing β-substituents with electrophilic thiocyanogen reagents. these compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. bioassays indicated that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited excellent bioactivity against cowpea aphids (aphis craccivora). the lc₅₀ values of compound ... | 2012 | 22922273 |
| identification and characterization of resistance to cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora koch) in medicago truncatula. | cowpea aphid (cpa; aphis craccivora) is the most important insect pest of cowpea and also causes significant yield losses in other legume crops including alfalfa, beans, chickpea, lentils, lupins and peanuts. in many of these crops there is no natural genetic resistance to this sap-sucking insect or resistance genes have been overcome by newly emerged cpa biotypes. | 2012 | 22759788 |
| design, synthesis, crystal structure analysis, and insecticidal evaluation of phenylazoneonicotinoids. | on the basis of research of the proposed modes of action between neonicotinoids and insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr), a series of phenylazoneonicotinoids were designed and synthesized to further promote the π-π interaction between molecule and amino acid residues. the target compounds have been identified on the basis of satisfactory analytical and spectral ((1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, hrms, and x-ray) data. the preliminary results revealed that tiny differences in substitutes resulted i ... | 2011 | 21894959 |
| design, synthesis, and insecticidal activities of novel analogues of neonicotinoids: replacement of nitromethylene with nitroconjugated system. | to replace nitromethylene pharmacophore with a nitroconjugated system, a series of novel neonicotinoid analogues bearing five-membered aromatic heterocycles were designed and synthesized. bioassays indicated that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited higher insecticidal activities than imidacloprid against cowpea aphids ( aphis craccivora ), armyworm ( pseudaletia separate walker), nephotettix bipunctatus (fabricius), and small brown rice planthopper ( laodelphasx striatellus ). exhilarati ... | 2009 | 19138119 |
| organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables from farms, markets, and a supermarket around kwan phayao lake of northern thailand. | this study investigated organophosphorus (op) residues in vegetables from 27 farms, 106 markets, and 1 supermarket around kwan phayao lake, northern thailand, between august and september 2013. types of vegetables sampled were all vegetables cultivated or sold around the study site. the most common op pesticides detected in farm samples were chlorpyrifos (50 %), malathion (31.8 %), monocrotophos (31.8 %), diazinon (13.6 %), omethoate (13.6 %), and dicrotophos (9.1 %). the most common op pesticid ... | 2014 | 24609615 |
| effect of african leafy vegetables on the micronutrient status of mildly deficient farm-school children in south africa: a randomized controlled study. | a randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effect of african leafy vegetable (alv) consumption on fe, zn and vitamin a status in children. | 2016 | 26146039 |
| metabolism and translocation of allantoin in ureide-producing grain legumes. | transfer of the nitrogen and carbon of allantoin to amino acids and protein of leaflets, stems and petioles, apices, peduncles, pods, and seeds of detached shoots of nodulated cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp. cv. caloona) plants was demonstrated following supply of [2-(14)c], [1,3-(15)n]allantoin in the transpiration stream. throughout vegetative and reproductive growth all plant organs showed significant ureolytic activity and readily metabolized [2-(14)c]allantoin to (14)co(2). a metabolic p ... | 1982 | 16662519 |
| comparative transcriptional analysis of the host-specialized aphids aphis gossypii (hemiptera: aphididae). | host specialization is an ubiquitous character in aphid populations. many polyphagous aphid populations usually consist of several subpopulations that have strong fidelity to a specific host or a subset of host range. host specialization is an evolutional result of food habit of insects. however, genetic basis and molecular mechanism of host specialization are still unclear. in this study, we presented a comparative analysis on global gene expression profiles of three lineages of aphis gossypii ... | 2017 | 28334183 |
| identification of aphis gossypii glover (hemiptera: aphididae) biotypes from different host plants in north china. | the cotton-melon aphid, aphis gossypii glover (hemiptera: aphididae), is a polyphagous species with a worldwide distribution and a variety of biotypes. north china is a traditional agricultural area with abundant winter and summer hosts of a. gossypii. while the life cycles of a. gossypii on different plants have been well studied, those of the biotypes of north china are still unclear. | 2016 | 26735973 |
| identification of top-down forces regulating cotton aphid population growth in transgenic bt cotton in central china. | the cotton aphid aphis gossypii glover is the main aphid pest in cotton fields in the yangtze river valley cotton-planting zone (yrz) in central china. various natural enemies may attack the cotton aphid in bt cotton fields but no studies have identified potential specific top-down forces that could help manage this pest in the yrz in china. in order to identify possibilities for managing the cotton aphid, we monitored cotton aphid population dynamics and identified the effect of natural enemies ... | 2014 | 25170907 |
| special plant species determines diet breadth of phytophagous insects: a study on host plant expansion of the host-specialized aphis gossypii glover. | host specialization is a ubiquitous character of phytophagous insects. the polyphagous population is usually composed of some subpopulations that can use only a few closely related plants. cotton-melon aphids, aphis gossypii glover exhibited strong host specialization, and the cotton- and cucurbits-specialized biotypes had been clearly identified. however, the experimental work that addressed the roles of plant species in determining diet breadth of phytophagous insects is rare. in the present s ... | 2013 | 23580128 |
| toxicity of an annonin-based commercial bioinsecticide against three primary pest species of stored products. | the effects of a bioinsecticide formulation based on extract of annona squamosa l. (annonaceae) containing 10,000 mg l(-1) of acetogenin annonin as the main active ingredient were investigated against three primary pest species of stored grains in brazil [maize weevil sitophilus zeamais motschulsky (coleoptera: curculionidae), mexican bean weevil zabrotes subfasciatus (boheman) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae: bruchinae), and cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus (fabricius) (coleoptera: chrysomelid ... | 2017 | 28353149 |
| reproductive performance and population dynamics of cowpea aphid (homoptera: aphididae) on leaf extracts of resistant and susceptible cowpeas. | membrane feeding studies were conducted to determine the effects of raw juices and chemical extracts of leaves of aphid-resistant (icv-12) and aphid-susceptible (icv-1) cultivars of cowpea [vigna unguiculata l. (walp.)], on the survival, growth, and reproduction of cowpea aphidaphis craccivora koch. life table and demographic statistics of the cohort population and subsequent generations were estimated. compared to icv-1, the leaf juices and chemical extracts of icv-12 exhibited significant (p<- ... | 1996 | 24226090 |
| inheritance of resistance to the cowpea aphid in cowpea. | inheritance of resistance to cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch, in three resistant cultivars of cowpea, vigna unguiculata (l.) walp, was studied. the parents, f1 and f2 population were grown in an insect-proof screenhouse. each 3-day-old seedling was infested with 10 apterous adult aphids. seedling reaction was recorded when the susceptible check was killed. the segregation data revealed that the resistance of icv11 and tvu310 is governed by single dominant genes. all the f2 seedlings of the c ... | 1987 | 24240345 |
| does transgenic cry1ac + cpti cotton pollen affect hypopharyngeal gland development and midgut proteolytic enzyme activity in the honey bee apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera, apidae)? | the transgenic cry1ac (bt toxin) + cpti (cowpea trypsin inhibitor) cotton cultivar ccri41 is increasingly used in china and potential side effects on the honey bee apis mellifera l. have been documented recently. two studies have assessed potential lethal and sublethal effects in young bees fed with ccri41 cotton pollen but no effect was observed on learning capacities, although lower feeding activity in exposed honey bees was noted (antifeedant effect). the present study aimed at providing furt ... | 2012 | 22868904 |
| long-distance pollen flow assessment through evaluation of pollinator foraging range suggests transgene escape distances. | foraging range, an important component of bee ecology, is of considerable interest for insect-pollinated plants because it determines the potential for outcrossing among individuals. however, long-distance pollen flow is difficult to assess, especially when the plant also relies on self-pollination. pollen movement can be estimated indirectly through population genetic data, but complementary data on pollinator flight distances is necessary to validate such estimates. by using radio-tracking of ... | 2008 | 18768793 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies in an elisa for detecting an invasive pest insect, liriomyza trifolii (diptera: agromyzidae). | a monoclonal antibody was prepared by the hybridoma technology. it reacted only with the protein of liriomyza trifolii (burgess) and not with that of chromatomyia horticola goureau or liriomyza sativae blanchard in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. it was effective even after being diluted more than 8.192×10(6)-fold. the detection sensitivity of the antibody was 31.3 µg/ml under controlled conditions. positive reaction was achieved with all laboratory-reared l. trifolii samples, includ ... | 2015 | 26470159 |
| recent advances in maize nuclear proteomic studies reveal histone modifications. | the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms is highly dynamic and complex, containing different types of macromolecules including dna, rna, and a wide range of proteins. novel proteomic applications have led to a better overall determination of nucleus protein content. although nuclear plant proteomics is only at the initial phase, several studies have been reported and are summarized in this review using different plants species, such as arabidopsis thaliana, rice, cowpea, onion, garden cress, and barr ... | 2012 | 23248634 |
| mining functional microsatellites in legume unigenes. | highly polymorphic and transferable microsatellites (ssrs) are important for comparative genomics, genome analysis and phylogenetic studies. development of novel species-specific microsatellite markers remains a costly and labor-intensive project. therefore, interest has been shifted from genomic to genic markers owing to their high inter-species transferability as they are developed from conserved coding regions of the genome. this study concentrates on comparative analysis of genic microsatell ... | 2011 | 22125396 |
| cgkb: an annotation knowledge base for cowpea (vigna unguiculata l.) methylation filtered genomic genespace sequences. | cowpea [vigna unguiculata (l.) walp.] is one of the most important food and forage legumes in the semi-arid tropics because of its ability to tolerate drought and grow on poor soils. it is cultivated mostly by poor farmers in developing countries, with 80% of production taking place in the dry savannah of tropical west and central africa. cowpea is largely an underexploited crop with relatively little genomic information available for use in applied plant breeding. the goal of the cowpea genomic ... | 2007 | 17445272 |
| the cowpea trypsin inhibitor promoter drives expression in response to cellular maturation in arabidopsis thaliana. | the bowman-birk type trypsin inhibitors accumulate in high concentration in legume and cereal seeds, especially during seed maturation and are considered to be involved in insect tolerance. the 5' flanking sequences of the trypsin inhibitor was isolated from cowpea genomic dna using anchor pcr. analysis of sequences showed presence of seed specific ry elements and also other elements associated with seed development such as abscisic acid responsive elements (aba responsive elements; abre) and de ... | 2010 | 23572952 |
| phytohormone-based activity mapping of insect herbivore-produced elicitors. | in response to insect attack, many plants exhibit dynamic biochemical changes, resulting in the induced production of direct and indirect defenses. elicitors present in herbivore oral secretions are believed to positively regulate many inducible plant defenses; however, little is known about the specificity of elicitor recognition in plants. to investigate the phylogenic distribution of elicitor activity, we tested representatives from three different elicitor classes on the time course of defen ... | 2009 | 19124770 |
| effects of progressive drought stress on the expression of patatin-like lipid acyl hydrolase genes in arabidopsis leaves. | patatin-like genes have recently been cloned from several plant species and found to be involved in stress responses and development. in previous work, we have shown that a patatin-like gene encoding a galactolipid acyl hydrolase (ec 3.1.1.26) was stimulated by drought in the leaves of the tropical legume, vigna unguiculata l. walp. the aim of the present work was to study the expression of patatin-like genes in arabidopsis thaliana under water deficit. expression of six genes was studied by rev ... | 2008 | 18435822 |
| bradyrhizobium kavangense sp. nov., a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium from root nodules of traditional namibian pulses. | eight strains of symbiotic bacteria from root nodules of local races of cowpea (vigna unguiculata) and bambara groundnut (vigna subterranea) grown on subsistence farmers' fields in the kavango region, namibia, were previously characterized and identified as a novel group within the genus bradyrhizobium. to clarify their taxonomic status, these strains were further characterized using a polyphasic approach. in phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequence the novel group was most closely re ... | 2015 | 26446190 |
| molecular marker development from transcript sequences and germplasm evaluation for cultivated peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). | molecular markers are important tools for genotyping in genetic studies and molecular breeding. the ssr and snp are two commonly used marker systems developed from genomic or transcript sequences. the objectives of this study were to: (1) assemble and annotate the publicly available ests in arachis and the in-house short reads, (2) develop and validate ssr and snp markers, and (3) investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of the peanut breeding lines and the u.s. peanut mini cor ... | 2016 | 26362763 |
| global synthesis of drought effects on food legume production. | food legume crops play important roles in conservation farming systems and contribute to food security in the developing world. however, in many regions of the world, their production has been adversely affected by drought. although water scarcity is a severe abiotic constraint of legume crops productivity, it remains unclear how the effects of drought co-vary with legume species, soil texture, agroclimatic region, and drought timing. to address these uncertainties, we collected literature data ... | 2015 | 26061704 |
| the effect of germination on the phytase activity, phytate and total phosphorus contents of some nigerian-grown grain legumes. | grain legumes are under-exploited as possible sources of phytase for the poultry industry. the current study was conducted to assess the effect of germination on phytase activities, phytate and total phosphorus content in samples of nigerian-grown grain legumes. the legumes screened were african yambean (ayb, sphenostylis stenocarpa), lima bean (phaseolus lunatus), pigeon pea (cajanus cajan), cowpea (vigna unguiculata) and groundnut (arachis hypogea). | 2011 | 20859988 |
| copper content of staple seeds and grains grown in kanam local government area, nigeria. | copper is a trace mineral that plays an important role in human metabolism, largely because it allows many critical enzymes to function properly. little is known of copper content of nigerian foods. in this paper, copper contents of several typical nigerian foods were determined. the samples were collected from kanam of plateau state in central region of nigeria. the samples were wet-ashed according to the protocol of hill et al. (anal chem 55:2340-2342, 1986).concentrations of copper in the sam ... | 2013 | 23961432 |
| n abundance of nodules as an indicator of n metabolism in n(2)-fixing plants. | this paper expands upon previous reports of (15)n elevation in nodules (compared to other tissues) of n(2)-fixing plants. n(2)-fixing nodules of glycine max (soybeans), vigna unguiculata (cowpea), phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), phaseolus coccineus (scarlet runner bean), prosopis glandulosa (mesquite), and olneya tesota (desert ironwood) were enriched in (15)n. nodules of vicia faba (fava beans), arachis hypogaea (peanut), trifolium pratense (red clover), pisum sativum (pea), lathyrus sativus ... | 1982 | 16662517 |
| hplc profile analysis of oleanene-glucuronides in several edible beans. | hplc analysis and yield of oleanene-glucuronide (og) was done on some commercially available edible beans: seeds of glycine max, glycine max cv. kuromame, phaseolus vulgaris cv. torosuku, phaseolus vulgaris cv. toramame, phaseolus vulgaris cv. taishokintoki, phaseolus coccineus cv. ooshirobana, phaseolus coccineus cv. murasakihanamame, vigna unguiculata cv. chuguro, vigna angularis cv. dainagon, arachis hypogaea, pisum sativum, and vicia faba. all the beans listed above have og, though in varyin ... | 1998 | 9571771 |
| influence of the size of indigenous rhizobial populations on establishment and symbiotic performance of introduced rhizobia on field-grown legumes. | indigenous rhizobia in soil present a competition barrier to the establishment of inoculant strains, possibly leading to inoculation failure. in this study, we used the natural diversity of rhizobial species and numbers in our fields to define, in quantitative terms, the relationship between indigenous rhizobial populations and inoculation response. eight standardized inoculation trials were conducted at five well-characterized field sites on the island of maui, hawaii. soil rhizobial population ... | 1991 | 16348393 |
| the responses of stomata and leaf gas exchange to vapour pressure deficits and soil water content : i. species comparisons at high soil water contents. | the responses of photosynthesis, transpiration and leaf conductance to changes in vapour pressure deficit were followed in well-watered plants of the herbaceous species, helianthus annuus, helianthus nuttallii, pisum sativum and vigna unguiculata, and in the woody species having either sclerophyllous leaves, arbutus unedo, nerium oleander and pistacia vera, or mesomorphic leaves, corylus avellana, gossypium hirsutum and prunus dulcis. when the vapour pressure deficit of the air around a single l ... | 1984 | 28311208 |
| controlled immobilisation of active enzymes on the cowpea mosaic virus capsid. | immobilisation of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and glucose oxidase (gox) via covalent attachment of modified enzyme carbohydrate to the exterior of the cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) capsid gave high retention of enzymatic activity. the number of enzymes bound per virus was determined to be about eleven for hrp and 2-3 for gox. this illustrates that relatively large biomacromolecules can be readily coupled to the virus surface using simple conjugation strategies. virus-biomacromolecule hybrids have ... | 2012 | 22865109 |
| potential of combining neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) seed oil with varietal resistance for the management of the cowpea bruchid, callosobruchus maculatus (f.). | the efficacy of different rates (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/5 g seed) of application of neem (azadirachta indica) seed oil (nso) was assessed on four cowpea varieties (kanannado, it89kd-391, borno brown and it89kd-374) with differing susceptibilities to callosobruchus maculatus. the different rates of nso significantly interacted with cowpea varietal resistance and reduced oviposition and percentage adult emergence of c. maculatus. the interaction of the strategies also significantly reduced percenta ... | 2000 | 10758260 |
| plantmediated horizontal transmission of wolbachia between whiteflies. | maternal transmission is the main transmission pathway of facultative bacterial endosymbionts, but phylogenetically distant insect hosts harbor closely related endosymbionts, suggesting that horizontal transmission occurs in nature. here we report the first case of plant-mediated horizontal transmission of wolbachia between infected and uninfected bemisia tabaci asiaii7 whiteflies. after infected whiteflies fed on cotton leaves, wolbachia was visualized, both in the phloem vessels and in some no ... | 2017 | 27935594 |
| yellow sticky trap catches of parasitoids of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) in vegetable crops and their relationship to in-field populations. | we examined the relationship of yellow sticky trap captures of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) biotype b parasitoids to the local population of parasitoids as measured by leaf samples of parasitized whiteflies and mass release of parasitoids. traps were placed in experimental collard and cowpea field plots in charleston, sc, and in commercial organic fields of spring cantaloupe and watermelon in the imperial valley, ca. the exotic parasitoid eretmocerus emiratus zolnerowich and rose was released in i ... | 2008 | 18419911 |
| effect of three bean species on the development and reproduction of a population of the parasitoid, encarsia bimaculata, on the whitefly, bemisia tabaci. | developmental time, parasitism, emergence, longevity, fecundity and demographic parameters of population of encarsia bimaculata heraty and polaszek (hymenoptera: aphelinidae), a parasitoid attacking bemisia tabaci (biotype b) (gennadius) (homoptera: aleyrodidae) infesting soybean, glyine max l. (merr), cowpea, vigna unguiulata l. and garden bean, phaseolus vulgaris l. (fabeles: fabaceae) were quantified and compared. encarsia bimaculata was able to complete its life cycle independent of the b. t ... | 2010 | 20578950 |
| genetic relationships among biotypes of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) based on aflp analysis. | genetic similarities between 13 samples belonging to nine reference biotypes and two field populations of bemisia tabaci (gennadius), one field population of b. medinae gómez-menor and another of b. afer priesner & hosny, were evaluated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers. the results indicate that b. tabaci biotypes can be grouped together with a minimum similarity coefficient of 0.32 and separated from the two other species with a similarity coefficient of 0.07. bemisia ... | 2000 | 11082556 |
| effect of addition of thermally modified cowpea protein on sensory acceptability and textural properties of wheat bread and sponge cake. | this paper investigates the sensory acceptability and textural properties of leavened wheat bread and sponge cake fortified with cow protein isolates that had been denatured and glycated by thermal treatment. defatted cowpea flour was prepared from cow pea beans and the protein isolate was prepared (cpi) and thermally denatured (dcpi). to prepare glycated cowpea protein isolate (gcpi) the cowpea flour slurry was heat treated before isolation of the protein. cpi was more susceptible to thermal de ... | 2016 | 26471676 |
| genetic diversity and host range studies of turnip curly top virus. | turnip curly top virus (tctv) is a unique geminivirus that has recently been characterised as infecting turnips in iran. the genome of tctv shares <68 % pairwise identity with other geminiviruses and has a genome organisation similar to that of curtoviruses and topocuvirus. the replication-associated protein (rep) bears the highest similarity to curtovirus reps (48.5-69.0 %); however, in the case of the capsid protein (cp), the extent of similarity is only 39.5-44.5 %. we constructed an agroinfe ... | 2013 | 23225113 |
| indigenous and traditional plants: south african parents' knowledge, perceptions and uses and their children's sensory acceptance. | the dietary shift from indigenous and traditional plants (itps) to cash crops and exotic plant food sources increases the risk of malnutrition and other nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, especially in poor rural communities. farm communities in south africa have been associated with poor nutritional status and extreme poverty. itps have been found to be affordable sources of several micronutrients. however, knowledge of and the use of these plants are declining, and little is known ab ... | 2013 | 24274394 |
| host-specific recognition kairomone for the parasitoidmicroplitis croceipes (cresson). | a water-extractable host recognition kairomone in frass of corn earworm,helicoverpa zea boddie (lepidoptera: noctuidae), host larvae stimulates antennation by females of the parasitoidmicroplitis croceipes cresson (braconidae: hymenoptera). in addition, when the wasps contact water extracts of host frass they will subsequently fly in a flight tunnel to odor associated with the extract. contact with water extracts of cowpea leaves or with water extracts of frass from larvae of nonhost beet armywo ... | 1995 | 24233823 |
| efficiency of indigenous filamentous fungi for biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in medium and soil: laboratory study from ecuador. | the competence of two fungal isolates for degrading petroleum hydrocarbons was evaluated. the filamentous fungi were isolated from a crude oil-contaminated soil in northeastern ecuador, and were 99 %-100 % similar in 18s rdna sequence to the genus geomyces. their efficiencies of degradation were tested in vitro for 30 days, using medium and soil microcosm. residual hydrocarbons were tracked by gas liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector. the maximum removal percentages of total pe ... | 2015 | 26215457 |
| effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil nutrient concentration and phosphatase activity and forage nutrient uptake from a grazed pasture system. | over a 3-year period, the effect of differing n-application regimes on soil extractable-p concentration, soil phosphatase activity, and forage p uptake in a p-enriched grazed-pasture system was investigated. in the fall of each year, six 0.28-ha plots were overseeded with triticale ( × triticosecale rimpaui wittm.) and crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum) into a tall fescue (lolium arundinacea)/bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon) sod and assigned to 1 of 3 n-fertilizer treatments (n = 2): 100% of n ... | 2015 | 25728918 |
| influence of host origin on host choice of the parasitoid dinarmus basalis: does upbringing influence choices later in life? | the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of volatile compounds from four secondary host plants on the ability of dinarmus basalis rond. (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) to locate, recognize, and parasitize its host, 4(th)instar larvae or pupae of callosobruchus maculatus f. (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). to examine this, strains of d. basalis were transferred from cow-pea seeds (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. (fabales: fabaceae)) to pigeon pea (cajanus cajan (l.) millsp.) and two varieties ... | 2014 | 25373173 |
| effect of summer forage species grazed during finishing on animal performance, carcass quality, and meat quality. | angus-cross steers (n = 60) were used to assess the effect of forage species [alfalfa (al; medicago sativa l.), bermudagrass (bg; cynodon dactylon), chicory (ch; cichorium intybus l.), cowpea (co; vigna unguiculata l.), and pearl millet (pm; pennisetum glaucum (l. r br.)] in replicated 2-ha paddocks for finishing on cattle performance, carcass quality, and meat quality in a 2-yr study. steers were blocked by bw and assigned randomly to finishing-forage treatments before the start of the experime ... | 2013 | 23825343 |
| effect of dietary levels of decorticated cow pea (vigna unguiculata) supplemented with molasses on broiler chicks performance and carcass traits. | manny legumes are used extensively as animal feed. this study was conducted to look at the effects of decorticated cow pea seeds based diets supplemented with molasses on broiler performance and carcass traits. a total of 240 unsexed one-day old broiler chicks (ross 308) were used .the birds were randomly divided into six equal groups (treatments) and each group consisted of 8 (replicates). six experimental diets (starter and finisher) were formulated to be approximately isocaloric and isonitrog ... | 2012 | 24163943 |
| potential of bambara groundnut (vigna subterranea (l.) verdc) milk as a probiotic beverage-a review. | bambara groundnut (vigna subterraenea (l.) verdc) (bgn) is a legume; its origin have been traced back to africa, and it is the third important legume; however, it is one of the neglected crops. it is highly nutritious, and has been termed a complete food. its seed consist of 49%-63.5% carbohydrate, 15%-25% protein, 4.5%-7.4% fat, 5.2%-6.4% fiber, 3.2%-4.4% ash and 2% mineral compared to whole fresh cow milk 88% moisture, 4.8% carbohydrate, 3.2% proteins, 3.4% fat, 0.7% ash, and 0.01% cholesterol ... | 2013 | 23768187 |
| too much to handle? pesticide dependence of smallholder vegetable farmers in southeast asia. | this study aimed to understand farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding agricultural pest management and synthetic pesticide use in southeast asia. data were used from 900 farm households producing leaf mustard (brassica juncea (l.) czern. et coss.) and yard-long bean (vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (l.) verdc.) in cambodia, laos and vietnam. farmers heavily depended on synthetic pesticides as their main method of pest control. most farmers were aware of the adverse health ... | 2017 | 28359998 |
| impact assessment of silver nanoparticles on plant growth and soil bacterial diversity. | the present study was carried out to investigate the impact of silver nanoparticles (agnps) on the growth of three different crop species, wheat (triticum aestivum, var. up2338), cowpea (vigna sinensis, var. pusa komal), and brassica (brassica juncea, var. pusa jai kisan), along with their impact on the rhizospheric bacterial diversity. three different concentrations (0, 50 and 75 ppm) of agnps were applied through foliar spray. after harvesting, shoot and root parameters were compared, and it w ... | 2016 | 28330326 |
| selenium accumulation by forage and grain crops and volatilization from seleniferous soils amended with different organic materials. | greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to study the direct and residual effect of applying different organic materials on se accumulation by crops and volatilization from seleniferous soils of northwestern india. among organic manures, press mud and poultry manures proved 4-5 times more effective in reducing se accumulation by different crops than farmyard manure. efficiency of organic manures increased with increase in application rates. application of both press mud and poultry manure ... | 2010 | 20015536 |
| nymphal survival and movement of crawlers of bemisia argentifolii (homoptera: aleyrodidae) on leaf surfaces of selected vegetables. | bemisia argentifolii bellows & perring generally feeds and develops on the under leaf surface of most host plants, but in excess of 50% of the immature population may be found on the upper surface of some host species. this study determined the influence of leaf surface on survival of immature b. argentifolii and the likelihood of movement by the crawler (1st instar) from the upper (adaxial) leaf surface on selected vegetable hosts. laboratory, tests were conducted on 5 vegetables: cantaloupe, c ... | 1999 | 11543187 |
| large-scale development of cost-effective single-nucleotide polymorphism marker assays for genetic mapping in pigeonpea and comparative mapping in legumes. | single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps, >2000) were discovered by using rna-seq and allele-specific sequencing approaches in pigeonpea (cajanus cajan). for making the snp genotyping cost-effective, successful competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (kaspar) assays were developed for 1616 snps and referred to as pkams (pigeonpea kaspar assay markers). screening of pkams on 24 genotypes [23 from cultivated species and 1 wild species (cajanus scarabaeoides)] defined a set of 1154 polym ... | 2012 | 23103470 |
| a pigeonpea gene confers resistance to asian soybean rust in soybean. | asian soybean rust (asr), caused by the fungus phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most economically important crop diseases, but is only treatable with fungicides, which are becoming less effective owing to the emergence of fungicide resistance. there are no commercial soybean cultivars with durable resistance to p. pachyrhizi, and although soybean resistance loci have been mapped, no resistance genes have been cloned. we report the cloning of a p. pachyrhizi resistance gene ccrpp1 (cajanus ca ... | 2016 | 27111723 |
| comparison of hup trait and intrinsic antibiotic resistance for assessing rhizobial competitiveness axenically and in soil. | the competitiveness of dual-strain inocula of cowpea rhizobia for nodulation of vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. was studied axenically between one slow-growing strain (p132, hp147, 401, or 22a1) and one fast-growing strain (176a26 or 176a28) at logarithmic inoculum ratios ranging from 10 to 10. nodule infectivity was determined by multiple intrinsic antibiotic resistance, since both fast-growing strains were sensitive. different hydrogen uptake (hup) efficiencies of dual-strain inocula allowed for ... | 1986 | 16347016 |
| conservation in soil of h(2) liberated from n(2) fixation by hup nodules. | pigeon peas (cajanus cajan) were grown in large soil columns (90-cm length by 30-cm diameter) and inoculated with four different strains of cowpea rhizobia, which varied with respect to hydrogen uptake activity (hup). despite the profuse liberation of h(2) from hup nodules in vitro, h(2) gas was not detected in any of the soil columns. when h(2) was injected into the columns, the rates of consumption were highest in the treatments (including control) containing hup nodules (218 and 177 nmol . h ... | 1983 | 16346356 |
| differential effects of cooking in open cups and in sealed cellophane bags on the residual cyanide content of moi-moi, a processed legume product. | bean pastes from the black eyed bean (vigna unguiculata), pigeon pea (cajanus cajan) and ife brown (v. unguiculata) were processed into a popular west african snack moi-moi, cooked in open aluminium cups and in sealed, thin, transparent cellophane bags. the residual total, free and bound cyanide levels of moi-moi from both processes were determined using a combination of enzymatic and colorimetric procedures. results showed that in all cases, cooking of moi-moi in open aluminium cups caused rete ... | 1999 | 10496375 |
| carbon dioxide and light responses of photosynthesis in cowpea and pigeonpea during water deficit and recovery. | greenhouse-grown pigeonpea (cajanus cajan, [l.] millsp.; cultivar uw-10) and cowpea (vigna unguiculata, [l.] walp.; cultivar california no. 5) were well-watered (control) or subjected to low water potential by withholding water to compare their modes of adaptation to water-limited conditions. leaf co(2) exchange rate (cer), leaf diffusive conductance to co(2) (g(l)), and co(2) concentration in the leaf intercellular air space (c(i)) were determined at various co(2) concentrations and photon flux ... | 1987 | 16665843 |
| the first set of est resource for gene discovery and marker development in pigeonpea (cajanus cajan l.). | pigeonpea (cajanus cajan (l.) millsp) is one of the major grain legume crops of the tropics and subtropics, but biotic stresses [fusarium wilt (fw), sterility mosaic disease (smd), etc.] are serious challenges for sustainable crop production. modern genomic tools such as molecular markers and candidate genes associated with resistance to these stresses offer the possibility of facilitating pigeonpea breeding for improving biotic stress resistance. availability of limited genomic resources, howev ... | 2010 | 20222972 |
| jack bean (canavalia ensiformis): nutrition related aspects and needed nutrition research. | the nutritional characteristics and food potentials of jack bean (canavalia ensiformis) have been reviewed. the bean is a good sources of protein, 23% to 34%, and carbohydrate 55%. it is also a good source of ca, zn, p, mg, cu and ni. jack bean protein is adequate in most essential amino acids with the exception of methionine and cystine which may be nutritionally limiting. antinutritional and toxic factors including trypsin inhibitors, hemagglutinins, cyanogen glucosides, oligosaccharides and o ... | 1997 | 9201744 |
| changes in nonnutritional factors and antioxidant activity during germination of nonconventional legumes. | the present study describes the effects of germination on nonnutritional factors and antioxidant activity in the nonconventional legumes vigna unguiculata (cowpea), canavalia ensiformis (jack bean), lablab purpureus (dolichos), and stizolobium niveum (mucuna). protease inhibitors and lectins were detected in raw legumes and were significantly decreased during the germination. regarding total and individual inositol phosphates (ip5-ip3), important reductions of ip6 and high increases in the rest ... | 2013 | 23909570 |
| the seed coat of phaseolus vulgaris interferes with the development of the cowpea weevil [callosobruchus maculatus (f.) (coleoptera: bruchidae)]. | we have confirmed here that the seeds of the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris, l.) do not support development of the bruchid callosobruchus maculatus (f.), a pest of cowpea [vigna unguiculata (l.) walp] seeds. analysis of the testa (seed coat) of the bean suggested that neither thickness nor the levels of compounds such as tannic acid, tannins, or hcn are important for the resistance. on the other hand, we have found that phaseolin (vicilin-like 7s storage globulin), detected in the testa by west ... | 2004 | 15048195 |
| antennal electrophysiological responses of three parasitic wasps to caterpillar-induced volatiles from maize (zea mays mays), cotton (gossypium herbaceum), and cowpea (vigna unguiculata). | many parasitic wasps are attracted to volatiles that are released by plants when attacked by potential hosts. the attractiveness of these semiochemicals from damaged plants has been demonstrated in many tritrophic systems, but the physiological mechanisms underlying the insect responses are poorly understood. we recorded the antennal perception by three parasitoids (cotesia marginiventris, microplitis rufiventris, and campoletis sonorensis) to volatiles emitted by maize, cowpea, and cotton plant ... | 2005 | 16124230 |
| posttranslational modifications in the amino- terminal region of the large subunit of ribulose- 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from several plant species. | a combination of limited tryptic proteolysis, reverse phasehigh performance liquid chromatography, edman degradative sequencing, amino acid analysis, and fast-atom bombardment mass-spectrometry was used to remove and identify the first 14 to 18 n-terminal amino acid residues of the large subunit of higher plant-type ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) from chlamydomonas reinhardtii, marchantia polymorpha, pea (pisum sativum), tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), potato (solanu ... | 1992 | 16668742 |
| effect of solvent residues of vitex negundo linn. and cassia fistula linn. on pulse beetle, callosobruchus maculatus fab. and its larval parasitoid, dinarmus vagabundus (timberlake). | effect of solvent residues of vitex negundo l. and cassia fistula l. leaves (0.5 and 1%) was studied on egg laying and adult emergence of callosobruchus maculatus fab. and on percentage of larval parasitism by dinarmus vagabundus (timberlake). cowpea seeds treated with methanol and aqueous extract of vitex, at these concentrations (0.5 and 1%), significantly reduced the number of eggs and emergence of f1 adults of c. maculatus. both vitex and cassia extracts did not affect the percentage of para ... | 2000 | 10927878 |
| an exploration of the potential mechanisms and translational potential of five medicinal plants for applications in alzheimer's disease. | alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common type of dementia, and represents a vast worldwide socio-economic burden, and in the absence of a current cure, effective therapeutic strategies are still needed. cholinergic and cerebral blood flow deficits, excessive levels of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and glutamate excitatory mechanisms are all believed to contribute to the development and progression of the disease. scoparia dulcis, catharanthus roseus, sesamum indicum, erythrina senegalen ... | 2013 | 23844333 |
| bowman-birk protease inhibitor from vigna unguiculata seeds enhances the action of bradykinin-related peptides. | the hydrolysis of bradykinin (bk) by different classes of proteases in plasma and tissues leads to a decrease in its half-life. here, bk actions on smooth muscle and in vivo cardiovascular assays in association with a protease inhibitor, black eyed-pea trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor (btci) and also under the effect of trypsin and chymotrypsin were evaluated. two synthetic bk-related peptides, bk1 and bk2, were used to investigate the importance of additional c-terminal amino acid residues on ... | 2014 | 25361421 |
| influence of sodium selenite on growth, nutrient utilization and selenium uptake in cavia porcellus. | a 70 day experiment on forty guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) was conducted to find the influence of different level of sodium selenite (inorganic selenium supplementation) on growth, nutrient utilization and selenium uptake. the sodium selenite was supplemented into a basal diet at 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 ppm, respectively and the basal diet comprised of 25% ground cowpea (vigna unguiculata) hay, 30% ground maize (zea mays) grain, 22% ground gram (cicer arietinum) grain, 9.5% deoiled rice (oryza sativ ... | 2012 | 24163954 |
| development of the nitrogen fixing apparatus in the legumes, centrosema pubescens benth., and vigna unguiculata l. walp. | the sequence of events leading up to the establishment of symbiotic nitrogen-fixation were studied in two tropical legumes, centrosema pubescens benth, and vigna unguiculata l. walp. parameters measured included fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll and leghaemoglobin contents, as well as the activities of nadh-nitrate reductase (ec 1.6.6.1), and nitrogenase (nitric-oxide reductase-ec 1.7.99.2) in plants that were inoculated with suitable rhizobia or which were watered with potassium nitrate. dry w ... | 1978 | 24414160 |
| inhibition of mosaic virus of vigna sinensis endl. with four chemicals. | four chemicals--gibberellic acid, indoleacetic acid, 2,4-6 and thiouracil were tested for their inhibitory effect against a virus disease of vigna sinensis (cowpea). all the four chemicals inhibited the virus to a considerable extent in in vitro studies. pre and post-inoculation treatments were equally effective in inhibiting the virus, viz. local lesion formation on chenopodium amaranticolor leaves. the level of inhibition subsequently decreased with lower concentration of the chemicals. seed s ... | 1980 | 6155055 |
| resistance of αai-1 transgenic chickpea (cicer arietinum) and cowpea (vigna unguiculata) dry grains to bruchid beetles (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | dry grain legume seeds possessing αai-1, an α-amylase inhibitor from common bean (phaseolus vulgaris), under the control of a cotyledon-specific promoter have been shown to be highly resistant to several important bruchid pest species. one transgenic chickpea and four cowpea lines expressing αai-1, their respective controls, as well as nine conventional chickpea cultivars were assessed for their resistance to the bruchids acanthoscelides obtectus (say), callosobruchus chinensis l. and callosobru ... | 2013 | 23458831 |
| effect of c-terminal deletions in the movement protein of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus on cell-to-cell and long-distance movement. | in order to elucidate the function of the c-terminal region of cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus (ccmv) movement protein (mp) in cell-to-cell movement, a set of deletions ranging from 10 to 80 amino acids (deltamp10, deltamp20, deltamp33, deltamp43, deltamp60 and deltamp80) was engineered into the mp gene encoded by the biologically active clone c3/deltacp-egfp, a variant of ccmv rna3 that contained wild-type (wt) mp and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene in place of the coat pr ... | 1999 | 10374951 |
| a spontaneous red clover necrotic mosaic virus mutant with a truncated movement protein. | a spontaneous red clover necrotic mosaic virus mutant, tpm-341, was isolated by multiple passage of czechoslovakian isolate tpm-34 in beans, followed by three cycles of single lesion isolation in cowpea and in chenopodium quinoa. the symptoms induced in cowpea by tpm-34 and tpm-341 differed. tpm-34 gave rise to chlorotic lesions which expanded with time, often becoming confluent with adjacent lesions, and developed necrotic margins; the plants became systemically infected. tpm-341 induced necrot ... | 1991 | 1875192 |
| some aspects of the biology and control using botanicals of the rice moth, corcyra cephalonica (stainton), on some pulses. | the life cycle of corcyra cephalonica was studied under ambient laboratory conditions (temperature range 27.5-30 degrees c and 60-73% r.h.) on groundnut, bambara groundnut and cowpea. the mean developmental period ranged from 33.2+/-0.2 to 45.3+/-1.8 days on whole, broken and powdered forms of the food media. egg hatchability was found to be 83%, while adult longevity ranged from 1.5+/-0.5 to 11.9+/-1.3 days for males and 1.5+/-0.5 to 16.5+/-1.2 days for females. sex ratio (male symbol:female sy ... | 2000 | 10758262 |
| large-scale development of cost-effective snp marker assays for diversity assessment and genetic mapping in chickpea and comparative mapping in legumes. | a set of 2486 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were compiled in chickpea using four approaches, namely (i) solexa/illumina sequencing (1409), (ii) amplicon sequencing of tentative orthologous genes (togs) (604), (iii) mining of expressed sequence tags (ests) (286) and (iv) sequencing of candidate genes (187). conversion of these snps to the cost-effective and flexible throughput competitive allele specific pcr (kaspar) assays generated successful assays for 2005 snps. these marker assays h ... | 2012 | 22703242 |
| deterrent activity of plant lectins on cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus (f.) oviposition. | a set of 14 plant lectins was screened in a binary choice bioassay for inhibitory activity on cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus (f.) oviposition. coating of chickpea seeds (cicer arietinum l.) with a 0.05% (w/v) solution of plant lectins caused a significant reduction in egg laying. control experiments with heat inactivated lectin and bsa indicated that the observed deterrent effects are specific and require carbohydrate-binding activity. however, no clear correlation could be established b ... | 2006 | 16887156 |
| comparison of water potentials measured by in situ psychrometry and pressure chamber in morphologically different species. | leaf water potentials measured by in situ psychrometry were compared with leaf water potentials measured by the pressure chamber technique at various values of water potential in helianthus annuus, helianthus nuttallii, vigna unguiculata, nerium oleander, pistacia vera, and corylus avellana. in v. unguiculata, the leaf water potentials measured by the in situ psychrometer oscillated at the same periodicity as, and proportional to, the leaf conductance. in all species, potentials measured by in s ... | 1984 | 16663415 |
| use of commercial freezers to control cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus (coleoptera: bruchidae), in organic garbanzo beans. | one california processor of organic garbanzo beans (cicer arietinum l.), unable to use chemical fumigants, relies on 30-d storage at -18 degrees c to disinfest product of the cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus (f). to determine whether the storage period may be shortened, the most cold-tolerant life stage of the cowpea weevil was identified. laboratory studies showed that the egg stage was most tolerant to -18 degrees c and that adults were most susceptible. to examine the efficacy of cold ... | 2003 | 14977138 |
| purification of legumin-like proteins from coffea arabica and coffea racemosa seeds and their insecticidal properties toward cowpea weevil ( callosobruchus maculatus ) (coleoptera: bruchidae). | legumin-like proteins from seeds of coffea arabica (cal-1 and cal-2) and coffea racemosa (crl-1 and crl-2) were characterized and isolated by gel filtration and reverse-phase chromatography. the insecticidal properties of the purified proteins were tested against callosobruchus maculatus using artificial diets. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) analyses indicated that cal-1 is composed of two subunits of 33 and 24 kda, while cal-2, crl-1, and crl-2 were monomer ... | 2010 | 20141142 |
| the toxicity of a lipid transfer protein (cc-ltp1) from coffea canephora seeds on the larval development of callosobruchus maculatus (coleoptera: bruchidae). | in this work, we analyzed the effects of coffee seed proteins, especially cc-ltp1 on the larval development of callosobruchus maculatus (f.) (coleoptera: bruchidae), a bruchid pest of beans and the most important insect pest of vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. artificial seed assay, which incorporated the f/0-90 fraction from coffea canephora seeds, resulted in the reduction of oviposition and caused an inhibition of c. maculatus larval development in a dose-dependent manner. the f/0-90 fraction use ... | 2014 | 25097041 |
| control of witchweed striga hermonthica by intercropping with desmodium spp., and the mechanism defined as allelopathic. | during investigations into the control of insect damage to maize crops in subsistence farming in kenya, which involved intercropping with repellent plants, the fodder legumes silverleaf (desmodium uncinatum) and greenleaf (d. intortum) were also found to reduce dramatically the infestation of maize by parasitic witchweeds such as striga hermonthica. this effect was confirmed by further field testing and shown to be significantly greater than that observed with other legumes, e.g., cowpea, as wer ... | 2002 | 12449513 |
| relative fitness of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on seven host plants: a perspective for ipm in brazil. | the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is a widespread pest of many cultivated and wild plants in europe, africa, asia, and australia. in 2013, this species was reported in brazil, attacking various host crops in the midwestern and northeastern regions of the country and is now found countrywide. aiming to understand the effects of different host plants on the life cycle of h. armigera, we selected seven species of host plants that mature in different seasons ... | 2016 | 26798139 |
| production of destruxins from metarhizium spp. fungi in artificial medium and in endophytically colonized cowpea plants. | destruxins (dtxs) are cyclic depsipeptides produced by many metarhizium isolates that have long been assumed to contribute to virulence of these entomopathogenic fungi. we evaluated the virulence of 20 metarhizium isolates against insect larvae and measured the concentration of dtxs a, b, and e produced by these same isolates in submerged (shaken) cultures. eight of the isolates (arsef 324, 724, 760, 1448, 1882, 1883, 3479, and 3918) did not produce dtxs a, b, or e during the five days of submer ... | 2014 | 25127450 |
| selenium accumulating leafy vegetables are a potential source of functional foods. | selenium deficiency in humans has been associated with various diseases, the risks of which can be reduced through dietary supplementation. selenium accumulating plants may provide a beneficial nutrient for avoiding such illnesses. thus, leafy vegetables such as amaranthus hybridus, amaranthus sp., cucurbita maxima, ipomoea batatas, solanum villosum, solanum scabrum, and vigna unguiculata were explored for their capabilities to accumulate selenium when grown on selenium enriched soil and for use ... | 2015 | 26955635 |
| effectiveness of recombinant soybean cysteine proteinase inhibitors against selected crop pests. | three recombinant soybean cysteine proteinase inhibitors (rscpis), l1, r1 and n2, were assessed for their potential to inhibit the growth and development of three major agricultural crop pests known to utilize digestive cysteine proteinases: western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera, wcr), colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata, cpb) and cowpea weevil (callosobruchus maculatus, cw). in vitro experiments showed that cysteine proteinase activities in the crude gut extracts o ... | 2005 | 15907768 |
| a screen for bacterial endosymbionts in the model organisms tribolium castaneum, t. confusum, callosobruchus maculatus, and related species. | reproductive parasites such as wolbachia are extremely widespread amongst the arthropods and can have a large influence over the reproduction and fitness of their hosts. undetected infections could thus confound the results of a wide range of studies that focus on aspects of host behavior, reproduction, fitness, and degrees of reproductive isolation. this potential problem has already been underlined by work investigating the incidence of wolbachia infections in stocks of the model system drosop ... | 2015 | 24347564 |
| insecticidal action of bauhinia monandra leaf lectin (bmoll) against anagasta kuehniella (lepidoptera: pyralidae), zabrotes subfasciatus and callosobruchus maculatus (coleoptera: bruchidae). | bruchid beetle larvae cause major losses in grain legume crops throughout the world. some bruchid species, such as the cowpea weevil (callosobruchus maculatus) and the mexican bean weevil (zabrotes subfasciatus), are pests that damage stored seeds. the mediterranean flour moth (anagasta kuehniella) is of major economic importance as a flour and grain feeder; it is often a severe pest in flour mills. plant lectins have been implicated as antibiosis factors against insects. bauhinia monandra leaf ... | 2007 | 16488638 |
| cowpea (vigna unguiculata) vicilins bind to the peritrophic membrane of larval sugarcane stalk borer (diatraea saccharalis). | in this work, we show that vicilins from two vigna unguiculata (cowpea) genotypes, epace-10 and it 81d-1045, which are susceptible and resistant to attack by the cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus, respectively, associate with the peritrophic membrane (pm) from larvae of diatraea saccharalis. solutions with increasing concentrations of vicilins were incubated with pm of the larvae and subsequently analysed by electrophoresis with sds. it was observed that the majority of the bands of approxi ... | 2003 | 16256689 |
| plant defense inhibitors affect the structures of midgut cells in drosophila melanogaster and callosobruchus maculatus. | plants produce proteins such as protease inhibitors and lectins as defenses against herbivorous insects and pathogens. however, no systematic studies have explored the structural responses in the midguts of insects when challenged with plant defensive proteins and lectins across different species. in this study, we fed two kinds of protease inhibitors and lectins to the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster and alpha-amylase inhibitors and lectins to the cowpea bruchid callosobruchus maculatus. we a ... | 2016 | 27594789 |
| lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils from eucalyptus camaldulensis and heracleum persicum against the adults of callosobruchus maculatus. | the cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus f. (coleoptera: bruchidae), is an important pest of stored cowpea, vigna ungiculata (l.) walpers (fabales: fabaceae), with ample distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. many plant essential oils have a broad-spectrum activity against pest insects, and these oils traditionally have been used in the protection of stored products. in this study, the lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils from eucalyptus camaldulensis dehnh. (myrtales: my ... | 2013 | 24773362 |
| effect of refrigerated storage on the quality characteristics of microwave cooked chicken seekh kababs extended with different non-meat proteins. | storage quality of chicken seekh kababs extended with different legumes at optimum level viz. 15% cowpea, 15% green gram and 10% black bean were assessed in terms of physico-chemical, proximate, microbiological and sensory properties under aerobic packaging conditions at refrigeration temperature (4 ± 1°c). the chicken seekh kababs were prepared from spent hens meat by low power microwave method and extended with optimum level of different legume (hydrated 1:1 w/w) pastes replacing lean meat in ... | 2013 | 24425999 |
| genotype evaluation of cowpea seeds (vigna unguiculata) using (1)h qnmr combined with exploratory tools and solid-state nmr. | the ultimate aim of this study was to apply a non-targeted chemometric analysis (principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis using the heat map approach) of nmr data to investigate the variability of organic compounds in nine genotype cowpea seeds, without any complex pre-treatment. in general, both exploratory tools show that tvu 233, ce-584, and setentão genotypes presented higher amount mainly of raffinose and tvu 382 presented the highest content of choline and least co ... | 2017 | 28290318 |
| (1)h nmr spectra dataset and solid-state nmr data of cowpea (vigna unguiculata). | in this article the nmr data from chemical shifts, coupling constants, and structures of all the characterized compounds were provided, beyond a complementary pca evaluation for the corresponding manuscript (e.g. alves filho, l.m.a. silva, e.m. teofilo, f.h. larsen, e.s. de brito, 2017) [3]. in addition, a complementary assessment from solid-state nmr data was provided. for further chemometric analysis, numerical matrices from the raw (1)h nmr data were made available in microsoft excel workbook ... | 2017 | 28224130 |
| draft genome sequence of bradyrhizobium sp. strain br 3267, an elite strain recommended for cowpea inoculation in brazil. | the strain br 3267 is a nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria isolated from soil of semi-arid area of brazilian northeast using cowpea as the trap plant. this strain is used as commercial inoculant for cowpea and presents high efficient in nitrogen fixation as consequence of its adaptation potential to semi-arid conditions. we report here the draft genome sequence of bradyrhizobium sp. strain br 3267, an elite bacterium used as inoculant for cowpea. whole genome sequencing of br 3267 using illumina ... | 2017 | 27212153 |