| development of a non-infectious encapsidated positive control rna for molecular assays to detect foot-and-mouth disease virus. | positive controls are an important component of the quality-control of molecular tests used for diagnosis of livestock diseases. for high consequence agents such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), the positive controls required to monitor template extraction, reverse transcription and amplification steps usually consist of material derived from infectious viruses. therefore, their production is dependent upon the use of high containment facilities and their deployment carries the risks asso ... | 2015 | 25864934 |
| [non-fusion expression and purification of cowpea typsine inhibitor]. | to establish a practicable method to express and purify cowpea typsine inhibitor (cpti), which is comparable with native cpti, for providing important materials to access the safety of genetically modified rice with cpti. | 2012 | 23050431 |
| genetic mapping, synteny, and physical location of two loci for fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum race 4 resistance in cowpea [vignaunguiculata (l.) walp]. | fusarium wilt is a vascular disease caused by the fungus fusariumoxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum (fot) in cowpea [vignaunguiculata (l.) walp]. in this study, we mapped loci conferring resistance to fot race 4 in three cowpea ril populations: it93k-503-1 × cb46, cb27 × 24-125b-1, and cb27 × it82e-18/big buff. two independent loci which confer resistance to fot race 4 were identified, fot4-1 and fot4-2. fot4-1 was identified in the it93k-503-1 (resistant) × cb46 (susceptible) population and was posi ... | 2014 | 24659904 |
| transient expression of hemagglutinin antigen from low pathogenic avian influenza a (h7n7) in nicotiana benthamiana. | the influenza a virus is of global concern for the poultry industry, especially the h5 and h7 subtypes as they have the potential to become highly pathogenic for poultry. in this study, the hemagglutinin (ha) of a low pathogenic avian influenza virus of the h7n7 subtype isolated from a swedish mallard anas platyrhynchos was sequenced, characterized and transiently expressed in nicotiana benthamiana. recently, plant expression systems have gained interest as an alternative for the production of v ... | 2012 | 22442675 |
| sinorhizobium fredii hh103 rkp-3 genes are required for k-antigen polysaccharide biosynthesis, affect lipopolysaccharide structure and are essential for infection of legumes forming determinate nodules. | the sinorhizobium fredii hh103 rkp-3 region has been isolated and sequenced. based on the similarities between the s. fredii hh103 rkpl, rkpm, rkpn, rkpo, rkpp, and rkpq genes and their corresponding orthologues in helicobacter pylori, we propose a possible pathway for the biosynthesis of the s. fredii hh103 k-antigen polysaccharide (kps) repeating unit. three rkp-3 genes (rkpm, rkpp, and rkpq) involved in the biosynthesis of the hh103 kps repeating unit (a derivative of the pseudaminic acid) ha ... | 2012 | 22397406 |
| guiding plant virus particles to integrin-displaying cells. | viral nanoparticles (vnps) are structurally regular, highly stable, tunable nanomaterials that can be conveniently produced in high yields. unmodified vnps from plants and bacteria generally do not show tissue specificity or high selectivity in binding to or entry into mammalian cells. they are, however, malleable by both genetic and chemical means, making them useful scaffolds for the display of large numbers of cell- and tissue-targeting ligands, imaging moieties, and/or therapeutic agents in ... | 2012 | 22585108 |
| surveying capsid assembly pathways through simulation-based data fitting. | virus capsid assembly has attracted considerable interest from the biophysical modeling community as a model system for complicated self-assembly processes. simulation methods have proven valuable for characterizing the space of possible kinetics and mechanisms of capsid assembly, but they have so far been able to say little about the assembly kinetics or pathways of any specific virus. it is not possible to directly measure the detailed interaction rates needed to parameterize a model, and ther ... | 2012 | 23062347 |
| to build a virus on a nucleic acid substrate. | many viruses package their genomes concomitant with assembly. here, we show that this reaction can be described by three coefficients: association of capsid protein (cp) to nucleic acid (na), kna; cp-cp interaction, ω; and α, proportional to the work required to package na. the value of α can vary as na is packaged. a phase diagram of average lnα versus lnω identifies conditions where assembly is likely to fail or succeed. na morphology can favor (lnα > 0) or impede (lnα < 0) assembly. as lnω be ... | 2013 | 23561536 |
| 3-o-β-d-glucopyranosyltheobroxide from aerial parts of cowpea (vigna unguiculata). | theobroxide has been isolated from culture filtrates of lasiodiplodia theobromae as a potato tuber-inducing compound. in this study, the metabolism of theobroxide was investigated using cowpea as an experimental model and [2h3-7]theobroxide as a substrate for analyzing a metabolite, which revealed that theobroxide applied exogenously to the roots was converted into 3-o-β-d-glucopyranosyltheobroxide. | 2016 | 27319148 |
| tropism of cpmv to professional antigen presenting cells enables a platform to eliminate chronic infections. | chronic viral infections (e.g., hiv, hbv, hcv) represent a significant source of morbidity and mortality with over 500 million people infected worldwide. dendritic cells (dcs) and macrophages are key cell types for productive viral replication and persistent systemic infection. we demonstrate that the plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) displays tropism for such antigen presenting cells in both mice and humans, thus making it an ideal candidate for targeted drug delivery toward viral infectio ... | 2015 | 27280157 |
| purification and characterization of a protein with antifungal, antiproliferative, and hiv-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities from small brown-eyed cowpea seeds. | a 36-kda protein, with an n-terminal sequence highly homologous to polygalacturonase (pg) inhibiting proteins, was isolated from small brown-eyed cowpea seeds. the protein was unadsorbed on diethylaminoethyl cellulose but adsorbed on both affi-gel blue gel and sp-sepharose. it inhibited mycelial growth in the fungus mycosphaerella arachidicola with an half-maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (ic50 ) of 3.3 µm. it reduced [methyl-(3) h] thymidine incorporation into mbl2 lymphoma and l1210 leuk ... | 2013 | 24033593 |
| evaluation of cover crops with potential for use in anaerobic soil disinfestation (asd) for susceptibility to three species of meloidogyne. | several cover crops with potential for use in tropical and subtropical regions were assessed for susceptibility to three common species of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne arenaria, m. incognita, and m. javanica. crops were selected based on potential use as organic amendments in anaerobic soil disinfestation (asd) applications. nematode juvenile (j2) numbers in soil and roots, egg production, and host plant root galling were evaluated on arugula (eruca sativa, cv. nemat), cowpea (vigna unguicula ... | 2013 | 24379486 |
| host suitability of potential cover crops for root-knot nematodes. | several potential cover crops were evaluated for their susceptibility to meloidogyne arenaria race 1, m. incognita race 1, and m. javanica in a series of five greenhouse experiments. no galls or egg masses were observed on roots of castor (ricinus communis), cowpea (vigna unguiculata cv. iron clay), crotalaria (crotalaria spectabilis), or american jointvetch (aeschynomene americana). occasional egg masses (rating </=1.0 on 0-5 scale) were observed on marigold (tagetes minuta) in one test with m. ... | 1999 | 19270926 |
| response of cowpea breeding lines and cultivars to meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria. | twenty-four cowpea breeding lines and four cultivars were tested for resistance to meloidogyne incognita in the greenhouse. gall and egg mass ratings indicated a range of responses from susceptible to highly resistant. five breeding lines - vs84-2, vs84-8, vs84-12, vs84-14, and vs84-22 - and the cultivar erectset had gall and egg mass ratings comparable to the m. incognita-resistant cultivar mississippi silver. all of these were also resistant to m. arenaria. significantly fewer m. incognita juv ... | 1987 | 19290274 |
| rapid high-yield expression of a candidate influenza vaccine based on the ectodomain of m2 protein linked to flagellin in plants using viral vectors. | the extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (m2e) of influenza a virus is a promising target for the development of a universal vaccine against influenza because m2e sequences are highly conserved among human influenza a strains. however, native m2e is poorly immunogenic, but its immunogenicity can be increased by delivery in combination with adjuvants or carrier particles. it was previously shown that fusion of m2e to bacterial flagellin, the ligand for toll-like receptor (tlr) 5 and powerful ... | 2015 | 26022390 |
| activity of recombinant and natural defensins from vigna unguiculata seeds against leishmania amazonensis. | antimicrobial peptides (amps), which are differentiated from other antibiotic peptides, such as gramicidins and polymyxins, because they are synthesized by large enzymatic complex and bear modified amino acids including d-amino acids, are short polymers of l-amino acids synthesized by ribosomes upon which all living organisms rely to defend themselves from invaders or competitor microorganisms. amps have received a great deal of attention from the scientific community as potential new drugs for ... | 2013 | 23816644 |
| virulence and genotypic characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolated from vegetable and soil samples. | listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen is ubiquitous to different environments including the agroecosystem. the organism poses serious public health problem. therefore, an attempt has been made to gain further insight to their antibiotic susceptibility, serotypes and the virulence genes. | 2014 | 25195727 |
| enhanced synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, defense proteins and leghemoglobin in rhizobium-free cowpea roots after challenging with meloydogine incognita. | the root knot nematodes (rkn), meloydogine spp., particularly meloidogyne incognita and meloidogyne javanica species, parasitize several plant species and are responsible for large annual yield losses all over the world. only a few available chemical nematicides are still authorized for rkn control owing to environmental and health reasons. thus, plant resistance is currently considered the method of choice for controlling rkn, and research performed on the molecular interactions between plants ... | 2014 | 28250394 |
| cowpea-meloidogyne incognita interaction: root proteomic analysis during early stages of nematode infection. | cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp) is an important legume species well adapted to low fertility soils and prolonged drought periods. one of the main problems that cause severe yield losses in cowpea is the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. the aim of this work was to analyze the differential expression of proteins in the contrasting cultivars of cowpea ce 31 (highly resistant) and ce 109 (slightly resistant) during early stages of m. incognita infection. cowpea roots were collected at 3, ... | 2015 | 25736976 |
| a method for field infestation with meloidogyne incognita. | a field inoculation method was developed to produce meloidogyne spp. infestation sites with minimal quantities of nematode inoculum and with a reduced labor requirement compared to previous techniques. in a preseason-methyl bromidefumigated site, nematode egg suspensions were delivered at concentrations of 0 or 10(x) eggs/m of row where x = 2.12, 2.82, 3.52, or 4.22 through a drip line attached to the seed firmer of a commercial 2-row planter into the open seed furrow while planting cowpea. thes ... | 2005 | 19262898 |
| fitness of virulent meloidogyne incognita isolates on susceptible and resistant cowpea. | a study of life-history traits was made to determine factors associated with the fitness of meloidogyne incognita isolates virulent to resistance gene rk in cowpea. egg hatch, root penetration, egg mass production, and fecundity (eggs per egg mass) of avirulent and virulent phenotypes were compared among m. incognita isolates, isofemale lines, and single descent lines over multiple generations on resistant and susceptible cowpea. variation (p </= 0.05) in both hatch and root penetration rates wa ... | 2005 | 19262891 |
| isofemale line analysis of meloidogyne incognita virulence to cowpea resistance gene rk. | isofemale lines (ifl) from single egg masses were studied for genetic variation in meloidogyne incognita isolates avirulent and virulent to the resistance gene rk in cowpea (vigna unguiculata). in parental isolates cultured on susceptible and resistant cowpea, the virulent isolate contained 100% and the avirulent isolate 7% virulent lineages. virulence was selected from the avirulent isolate within eight generations on resistant cowpea (lineage selection). in addition, virulence was selected fro ... | 2005 | 19262890 |
| effect of yard waste compost on plant-parasitic nematode densities in vegetable crops. | the effects of yard-waste compost on densities of plant-parasitic nematodes were determined on four crops at two sites in north florida. separate experiments were conducted with sweet corn (zea mays), cowpea (vigna unguiculata), yellow squash (cucurbita pepo), and okra (hibiscus esculentus). in each test, the design was a randomized complete block replicated four times and involving three treatments: 269 mt/ha yard-waste compost applied to the soil surface as a mulch, 269 mt/ha compost incorpora ... | 1995 | 19277320 |
| comparison of nematode population densities on six summer crops at seven sites in north florida. | densities of plant-parasitic nematodes were compared on six crops grown for forage during the summer of 1991 at seven sites in north central florida. the cropping treatments were 'howard' soybean (glycine max), 'deltapine 105' soybean, velvetbean (mucuna deeringiana), 'california blackeye #5' cowpea (vigna unguiculata), 'pioneer 3098' tropical corn (zea mays), and 'asgrow chaparral' sorghum (sorghum bicolor). highest final densities (pf) of meloidogyne incognita and criconemella spp. were obtain ... | 1992 | 19283048 |
| effects of cowpea and maize root leachates on meloidogyne incognita egg hatch. | | 1990 | 19287701 |
| dynamics of meloidogyne incognita virulence to resistance genes rk and rk in cowpea. | the virulence index of three meloidogyne incognita field isolates to the resistance gene rk in cowpea was 0%, 75%, and 120%, with the index measured as reproduction on resistant plants as a percentage of the reproduction on susceptible plants. continuous culture of the 75% virulent isolate on susceptible tomato for more than 5 years (about 25 generations) resulted in virulence decline to about 4%. the rate of the decline in virulence was described by exponential decay, indicating the progressive ... | 2006 | 19259435 |
| differential expression of antioxidant enzymes and pr-proteins in compatible and incompatible interactions of cowpea (vigna unguiculata) and the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. | this study aimed to evaluated the resistance and susceptibility of 10 cowpea cultivars to meloidogyne incognita in field studies and to analyze the kinetics of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, chitinase, β-1,3-glucanases and cystein proteinase inhibitors in the root system of two contrasting cowpea cultivars after inoculation with m. incognita. the cultivars ce-31 and frade preto were highly resistant; ce-28, ce-01, ce-315, ce-237, were very resistant; ce-70 and ce-216 wer ... | 2012 | 22153251 |
| transcriptional profiling of root-knot nematode induced feeding sites in cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp.) using a soybean genome array. | the locus rk confers resistance against several species of root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp., rkn) in cowpea (vigna unguiculata). based on histological and reactive oxygen species (ros) profiles, rk confers a delayed but strong resistance mechanism without a hypersensitive reaction-mediated cell death process, which allows nematode development but blocks reproduction. | 2010 | 20723233 |
| histological characterization of root-knot nematode resistance in cowpea and its relation to reactive oxygen species modulation. | root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.) are sedentary endoparasites with a broad host range which includes economically important crop species. cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp) is an important food and fodder legume grown in many regions where root-knot nematodes are a major problem in production fields. several sources of resistance to root-knot nematode have been identified in cowpea, including the widely used rk gene. as part of a study to elucidate the mechanism of rk-mediated resistance, t ... | 2008 | 18375605 |
| root-knot nematode management in dryland taro with tropical cover crops. | twenty-two cover crops were evaluated for their ability to reduce damage by root-knot nematode, meloidogyne javanica, to taro, colocastia esculenta, in a tropical cropping system. cover crops were grown and incorporated into the soil before taro was planted. barley, greenpanic, glycine, marigold, sesame, sunn hemp, and sorghum x sudangrass dekalb st6e were poor or nonhosts to the nematode as measured by low population changes of nematodes in soil between cover crop planting and taro planting. al ... | 1997 | 19274275 |
| management of disease complex caused by root knot nematode and root wilt fungus on pigeonpea through soil organically enriched with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza, karanj (pongamia pinnata) oilseed cake and farmyard manure. | this investigation was undertaken to compare the percentage response of colonization and development of va-mycorrhiza (glomus fasciculatum) on a number of pulse crops viz. cowpea, chickpea, soybean, pigeonpea and lentil under glasshouse conditions. among the above-mentioned crops, pigeonpea exhibited the best performance and was selected for further studies. in this host the development and colonization percentage of g. fasciculatum was investigated under two separate substrates i. e. soil amend ... | 2007 | 17978958 |
| complete genomic characterization of milk vetch dwarf virus isolates from cowpea and broad bean in anhui province, china. | cowpea and broad bean plants showing severe stunting and leaf rolling symptoms were observed in hefei city, anhui province, china, in 2014. symptomatic plants from both species were shown to be infected with milk vetch dwarf virus (mdv) by pcr. the complete genomes of mdv isolates from cowpea and broad bean were sequenced. each of them had eight genomic dnas that differed between the two isolates by 10.7% in their overall nucleotide sequences. in addition, the mdv genomes from cowpea and broad b ... | 2017 | 28386650 |
| high and low throughput screens with root-knot nematodes meloidogyne spp. | root-knot nematodes (genus meloidogyne) are obligate plant parasites. they are extremely polyphagous and considered one of the most economically important plant parasitic nematodes. the microscopic second-stage juvenile (j2), molted once in the egg, is the infective stage. the j2s hatch from the eggs, move freely in the soil within a film of water, and locate root tips of suitable plant species. after penetrating the plant root, they migrate towards the vascular cylinder where they establish a f ... | 2012 | 22434014 |
| validation of a model for prediction of host damage by two nematode species. | plant roots were mechanically injured or subjected to nematode parasitism to test the model of host damage by two nematode species: y = m' + (l - m')c'z(p)z(p) for y </= 1.0 and y = 1.0 for y > 1.0, where m' = m + (m - m) (1 - y)/[(1 - y) + (l - y)] and c' = (z(-t) + z(-t))/2. damage functions for greenhouse-grown radish plants (cv. cherry belle) mechanically injured with small or large steel needles were used to predict growth of plants injured by both needles. growth predictions accounted for ... | 1983 | 19295796 |
| spatial separation of semiochemical lurem-tr and entomopathogenic fungi to enhance their compatibility and infectivity in an autoinoculation system for thrips management. | the effect of spatial separation of the semiochemical lurem-tr, which has been found to inhibit conidia of entomopathogenic fungi when put together, on the persistence of conidia of metarhizium brunneum and m. anisopliae was evaluated in the greenhouse and field in order to develop an autodissemination strategy for the management of megalurothrips sjostedti on cowpea crop. influence of spatial separation of the semiochemical on thrips attraction and conidial acquisition by thrips from the autoin ... | 2016 | 25643946 |
| characterization of betasatellite associated with the yellow mosaic disease of grain legumes in southern india. | yellow mosaic disease caused by mungbean yellow mosaic virus (mymv) belonging to the genus begomovirus (the family geminiviridae) is a major constraint in cultivation of grain legumes in india. the urdbean (vigna mungo (l.) hepper) and mungbean (vigna radiata (l.) r. wilczek) samples affected with yellow mosaic disease exhibits yellow mosaic symptoms along with leaf puckering and leaf distortion in tamil nadu. hence the study was performed to find out if there was any association and influence o ... | 2013 | 24294953 |
| the mechanism of infection of plant protoplasts by viruses. | the process of virus infection of protoplasts isolated from tobacco leaves has been examined by means of electron microscopy. immediately after inoculation, virus particles appear at two types of site: trapped in complex surface lesions of the plasmalemma, or in peripheral cytoplasmic vesicles. the complex lesions are only visible after treatment of the protoplasts with inocula containing poly-l-ornithine. with infection by tobacco mosaic virus and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, which require po ... | 1973 | 24468812 |
| molecular characterization of distinct ymv (yellow mosaic virus) isolates affecting pulses in india with the aid of coat protein gene as a marker for identification. | the present study was carried out to find out the variations present in different isolates of yellow mosaic virus (ymv) causing yellow mosaic disease of pulses in southern parts of india. the coat protein gene of ymv was amplified using gene specific and deng universal primers with dna isolated from ymv infected samples. further, cloning and dna sequencing of cp gene was carried out. cp gene decrypt sequences revealed that ymv infected samples of black gram, cowpea and green gram were similar to ... | 2014 | 24469717 |
| interrelationship of bradyrhizobium sp. and plant growth-promoting bacteria in cowpea: survival and symbiotic performance. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of cowpea during bacterial colonization and evaluate the interrelationship of the bradyrhizobium sp. and plant growth-promoting bacteria (pgpb) as a potential method for optimizing symbiotic performance and cowpea development. two experiments using the model legume cowpea cv. "ipa 206" were conducted. in the first experiment, cowpea seeds were disinfected, germinated and transferred to sterilized gibson tubes containing a nitrogen-free nut ... | 2013 | 23456712 |
| increased tumor homing and tissue penetration of the filamentous plant viral nanoparticle potato virus x. | nanomaterials with elongated architectures have been shown to possess differential tumor homing properties compared to their spherical counterparts. here, we investigate whether this phenomenon is mirrored by plant viral nanoparticles that are filamentous (potato virus x) or spherical (cowpea mosaic virus). our studies demonstrate that potato virus x (pvx) and cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) show distinct biodistribution profiles and differ in their tumor homing and penetration efficiency. analogous ... | 2013 | 22731633 |
| screening of protease producing fungi for microbial digestion of seed proteins and synthesis of amino acids-metalnutrient chelates. | the problem of metalnutrient deficiency is becoming more serious with the introduction of modern agricultural practices. as a result, metalnutrient deficiency is recognized as one of the critical yield limiting factors. metalnutrients are generally offered in their sulphate or oxide forms. however, it is reported that organically bound minerals generally have a higher bioavailability than inorganic minerals. chelation makes otherwise unavailable metalnutrients plant available. amino acids are we ... | 2013 | 24199492 |
| plant viral nanoparticles-based her2 vaccine: immune response influenced by differential transport, localization and cellular interactions of particulate carriers. | cancer vaccines are designed to elicit an endogenous adaptive immune response that can successfully recognize and eliminate residual or recurring tumors. such approaches can potentially overcome shortcomings of passive immunotherapies by generating long-lived therapeutic effects and immune memory while limiting systemic toxicities. a critical determinant of vaccine efficacy is efficient transport and delivery of tumor-associated antigens to professional antigen presenting cells (apcs). plant vir ... | 2017 | 28063980 |
| plant-derived chimeric virus particles for the diagnosis of primary sjögren syndrome. | plants are ideal for the production of protein-based nanomaterials because they synthesize and assemble complex multimeric proteins that cannot be expressed efficiently using other platforms. plant viruses can be thought of as self-replicating proteinaceous nanomaterials generally stable and easily produced in high titers. we used potato virus x (pvx), chimeric virus particles, and cowpea mosaic virus, empty virus-like particles to display a linear peptide (lipo) derived from human lipocalin, wh ... | 2015 | 26648961 |
| pseudomonas guariconensis sp. nov., isolated from rhizospheric soil. | we isolated a bacterial strain designated pcavu11(t) in the course of a study of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria occurring in rhizospheric soil of vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. in guárico state, venezuela. the 16s rrna gene sequence had 99.2 % sequence similarity with respect to the most closely related species, pseudomonas taiwanensis, and 99.1 % with respect to pseudomonas entomophila, pseudomonas plecoglossicida and pseudomonas monteilii, on the basis of which pcavu11(t) was classified as repr ... | 2013 | 23847284 |
| in vitro replication of cowpea mosaic virus rna iii. template recognition by cowpea mosaic virus rna replicase. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) rna replicase has been purified about 200-fold from cpmv-infected vigna unguiculata leaves. optimal reaction conditions for replicase activity have been established that allow rna synthesis to proceed for at least 15 h. using a polymerase assay under conditions optimal for cpmv rna-directed rna synthesis, all natural rna species tested appeared to be able to direct the incorporation of labeled ribonucleotides, whereas synthetic homoribopolymers were either inactive or ... | 1979 | 16789172 |
| the primary structure of the 24k protease from red clover mottle virus: implications for the mode of action of comovirus proteases. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the region of red clover mottle virus (rcmv) bottom component rna which encodes the rcmv equivalent of the cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) 24k protease. from the alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence of the rcmv 24k protein with that of the homologous protein from cpmv, we speculate on the relative importance of the various amino acid residues which have been implicated in the catalytic mechanism of comovirus proteases. | 1990 | 2179468 |
| identification and subcellular localization of a putative cell-to-cell transport protein from red clover mottle virus. | to investigate the mode of gene expression of red clover mottle virus (rcmv) middle component (m) rna, we have synthesized an oligopeptide corresponding to the predicted carboxy-terminus of the rcmv counterparts of the cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) 48k and 58k proteins. using an antiserum raised against this synthetic oligopeptide, we have detected a 43-kda protein in the 30,000 g pellet from extracts of rcmv-infected cowpea protoplasts. immunogold cytochemistry further localized this protein to th ... | 1989 | 2596020 |
| the primary structure of red clover mottle virus middle component rna. | the primary structure of middle component rna of red clover mottle virus (rcmv) has been determined. the rna is polyadenylated, has a small protein (vpg) covalently linked to its 5' terminus and consists of 3543 nucleotides. the rna possesses a single long open reading frame which can code for a polypeptide of molecular weight 109,452. comparison of the 3' terminal sequence of the m rna with that of the homologous b rna reveals a high degree of sequence conservation in this area. computer-assist ... | 1986 | 18640659 |
| cell death triggered by a putative amphipathic helix of radish mosaic virus helicase protein is tightly correlated with host membrane modification. | systemic necrosis is one of the most severe symptoms caused by plant rna viruses. recently, systemic necrosis has been suggested to have similar features to a defense response referred to as the hypersensitive response (hr), a form of programmed cell death. in virus-infected plant cells, host intracellular membrane structures are changed dramatically for more efficient viral replication. however, little is known about whether this replication-associated membrane modification is the cause of the ... | 2015 | 25650831 |
| the nucleotide sequence of red clover mottle virus bottom component rna. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the bottom component rna (b rna) of red clover mottle virus strain s has been determined. the sequence consists of 6033 nucleotides and contains a single long open reading frame sufficient to encode a protein of m(r) 210,258. the proteolytic processing sites within this protein have been deduced by comparison of its sequence with that of the b rna-encoded protein of cowpea mosaic virus. comparison of the amino acid sequences of the individual proteins confirms ... | 1992 | 1402822 |
| [cytopathology of plants infected with viruses. ultrastructure of leguminous leaves infected with red clover mottle virus]. | we studied ultrathin sections of clover, pea, and cowpea leaves from intact plants and after infection by red clover mottle virus (rcmv, comovirus, 28 nm isometric virions) under an electron microscope. significant pathological changes were observed in the leaf cells after the infection: rcmv virions accumulated in the cytoplasm and vacuoles, tubular structures containing the virion-like particles, as well as vesicular aggregates were observed. large membrane-containing inclusions with long tubu ... | 2016 | 10881423 |
| a novel feedstuff: ensiling of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l.) stover and apple (malus domestica borkh.) mixtures. evaluation of the nutritive value, fermentation quality and aerobic stability. | agro-industrial by-products are of low economic value as foods for human consumption but may have potential value as animal feedstuffs. this study evaluated a novel feedstuff, ensiled discarded apple (85%) and cowpea stover (15%) mixtures with two different ensiling periods (45 and 60 days), regarding the nutritive value, fermentation quality and aerobic stability. | 2017 | 28276115 |
| proteomics and metabolomics: two emerging areas for legume improvement. | the crop legumes such as chickpea, common bean, cowpea, peanut, pigeonpea, soybean, etc. are important sources of nutrition and contribute to a significant amount of biological nitrogen fixation (>20 million tons of fixed nitrogen) in agriculture. however, the production of legumes is constrained due to abiotic and biotic stresses. it is therefore imperative to understand the molecular mechanisms of plant response to different stresses and identify key candidate genes regulating tolerance which ... | 2015 | 26734026 |
| production in pichia pastoris, antifungal activity and crystal structure of a class i chitinase from cowpea (vigna unguiculata): insights into sugar binding mode and hydrolytic action. | a cowpea class i chitinase (vuchii) was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast p. pastoris. the recombinant protein was secreted into the culture medium and purified by affinity chromatography on a chitin matrix. the purified chitinase migrated on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as two closely-related bands with apparent molecular masses of 34 and 37 kda. the identity of these bands as vuchii was demonstrated by mass spectrometry analysis of tryptic peptides and n-terminal amino acid seque ... | 2017 | 28153694 |
| physical principles in the self-assembly of a simple spherical virus. | viruses are unique among living organisms insofar as they can be reconstituted "from scratch", that is, synthesized from purified components. in the simplest cases, their "parts list" numbers only two: a single molecule of nucleic acid and many (but a very special number, i.e., multiples of 60) copies of a single protein. indeed, the smallest viral genomes include essentially only two genes, on the order of a thousand times fewer than the next-simplest organisms like bacteria and yeast. for thes ... | 2016 | 26653769 |
| the cowpea ring ubiquitin ligase vudrip interacts with transcription factor vudreb2a for regulating abiotic stress responses. | cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp) is an important grain legume cultivated in drought-prone parts of the world, having higher tolerance to heat and drought than many other crops. the transcription factor, dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2a (dreb2a), controls expression of many genes involved in osmotic and heat stress responses of plants. in arabidopsis, dreb2a-interacting proteins (drips), which function as e3 ubiquitin ligases (ec 6.3.2.19), regulate the stability of dreb2a by t ... | 2014 | 25090086 |
| ensifer shofinae sp. nov., a novel rhizobial species isolated from root nodules of soybean (glycine max). | two bacterial strains isolated from root nodules of soybean were characterized phylogenetically as members of a distinct group in the genus ensifer based on 16s rrna gene comparisons. they were also verified as a separated group by the concatenated sequence analyses of reca, atpd and glnii (with similarities ≤93.9% to the type strains for defined species), and by the average nucleotide identities (ani) between the whole genome sequence of the representative strain ccbau 251167(t) and those of th ... | 2017 | 28209394 |
| the sinorhizobium (ensifer) fredii hh103 nodulation outer protein nopi is a determinant for efficient nodulation of soybean and cowpea plants. | the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is a specialized secretion apparatus that is commonly used by many plant and animal pathogenic bacteria to deliver proteins, termed effectors, to the interior of the host cells. these effectors suppress host defenses and interfere with signal transduction pathways to promote infection. some rhizobial strains possess a functional t3ss, which is involved in the suppression of host defense responses, host range determination, and symbiotic efficiency. the analys ... | 2017 | 27986730 |
| a putative 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-coa hydrolase is required for efficient symbiotic nitrogen fixation in sinorhizobium meliloti and sinorhizobium fredii ngr234. | we report that the smb20752 gene of the alfalfa symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti is a novel symbiotic gene required for full n2 -fixation. deletion of smb20752 resulted in lower nitrogenase activity and smaller nodules without impacting overall nodule morphology. orthologs of smb20752 were present in all alpha and beta rhizobia, including the ngr_b20860 gene of sinorhizobium fredii ngr234. a ngr_b20860 mutant formed fix(-) determinate nodules that developed normally to a late stage of the symbios ... | 2017 | 27727485 |
| ensifer glycinis sp. nov., a rhizobial species associated with species of the genus glycine. | rhizobial strains from root nodules of astragalus mongholicus and soybean (glycine max) were characterized phylogenetically as members of the genus ensifer (formerly named sinorhizobium), based on 16s rrna gene sequence comparisons. results based upon concatenated sequence analysis of three housekeeping genes (reca, atpd and glnii, ≤ 93.8 % similarities to known species) and average nucleotide identity (ani) values of whole genome sequence comparisons (ranging from 89.6 % to 83.4 % to ensifer fr ... | 2016 | 27125987 |
| a nopa deletion mutant of sinorhizobium fredii usda257, a soybean symbiont, is impaired in nodulation. | sinorhizobium fredii usda257 employs type iii secretion system (t3ss) to deliver effector proteins into the host cells through pili. the nopa protein is the major component of usda257 pili. the promoter region of usda257 nopa possesses a well conserved tts box. serial deletion analysis revealed that the tts box is absolutely essential for flavonoid induction of nopa. deletion of nopa drastically lowered the number of nodules formed by usda257 on cowpea and soybean cultivar peking. in contrast to ... | 2014 | 24121614 |
| improved cell disruption of pichia pastoris utilizing aminopropyl magnesium phyllosilicate (amp) clay. | an efficient method for pichia cell disruption that employs an aminopropyl magnesium phyllosilicate (amp) clay-assisted glass beads mill is presented. amp clay is functionalized nanocomposite resembling the talc parent structure si8mg6o20(oh)4 that has been proven to permeate the bacterial membrane and cause cell lysis. the recombinant capsid protein of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) expressed in pichia pastoris gs115 was used as demonstration system for their ability of self-assembly into ... | 2013 | 23361969 |
| a novel symbiovar (aegeanense) of the genus ensifer nodulates vigna unguiculata. | cowpea (vigna unguiculata) forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules with diverse symbiotic bacteria, mainly slow-growing rhizobial species belonging to the genus bradyrhizobium, although a few studies have reported the isolation of fast-growing rhizobia under laboratory and field conditions. although much research has been done on cowpea-nodulating bacteria in various countries around the world, very limited information is available on cowpea rhizobia in european soils. the aim of this study was to st ... | 2017 | 28220509 |
| multifarious beneficial traits and plant growth promoting potential of serratia marcescens kisii and enterobacter sp. rnf 267 isolated from the rhizosphere of coconut palms (cocos nucifera l.). | two plant growth promoting bacteria designated as kisii and rnf 267 isolated from the rhizosphere of coconut palms were identified as serratia marcescens and enterobacter sp. based on their phenotypic features, biolog studies and 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. both bacteria exhibited phosphate solubilization, ammonification, and production of indole acetic acid, β-1, 3 glucanase activities and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-deaminase activity. they could also tolerate a range of ph conditio ... | 2013 | 22948479 |
| chlorotic curly stunt: a severe begomovirus disease of bottle gourd in northern india. | bottle gourd (lagenaria siceraria) an important vegetable crop in india was observed to be affected by a chlorotic curly stunt disease (ccsd) during 2003-2006 in the vegetable growing areas of delhi and adjoining state of haryana. the affected plants are severely stunted and bear very small chlorotic and mildly curled leaves. incidence of the disease varied from 4.7 to 36%. the disease could be easily transmitted by whitefly, bemisia tabaci but not by sap. the causal virus was found to be a bego ... | 2010 | 23637479 |
| genome-associated proteins of comoviruses. | previously, a protein has been reported to be associated with the rnas of cowpea mosaic virus. here we present evidence for genome-associated proteins of other comoviruses: squash mosaic virus, echtes ackerbohnemosaik-virus, and another strain of cowpea mosaic virus. although the proteins and protein-oligonucleotide complexes derived from the rnas of these viruses showed similar patterns of electrophoretic mobility, two-dimensional chromatograms of their tryptic peptides were distinct. chromatog ... | 1979 | 18631616 |
| surface charge of protoplasts and their significance in cell-cell interaction. | ζ-potential of mesophyll protoplasts of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.), petunia (petunia hybrida hort.), turnip (brassica rapa l.) and cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walpers) was determined by use of a cell electrophoresis apparatus. all protoplasts examined showed a constant negative value of-10 to-35 mv. the addition of cacl2 nullified the ζ-potential of tobacco protoplasts. this phenomenon is explained by dlvo theory of colloid science, which has been successfully applied to animal cells. furth ... | 1978 | 24408109 |
| shape matters: the diffusion rates of tmv rods and cpmv icosahedrons in a spheroid model of extracellular matrix are distinct. | nanomaterial-based carrier systems hold great promise to deliver therapies with increased efficacy and reduced side effects. while the state-of-the-art carrier system is a sphere, recent data indicate that elongated rods and filaments have advantageous flow and margination properties, resulting in enhanced vascular targeting and tumor homing. here, we report on the distinct diffusion rates of two bio-inspired carrier systems: 30 nm-sized spherical cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) and 300×18 nm-sized t ... | 2013 | 24244867 |
| space warping order parameters and symmetry: application to multiscale simulation of macromolecular assemblies. | coarse-grained features of macromolecular assemblies are understood via a set of order parameters (ops) constructed in terms of their all-atom configuration. ops are shown to be slowly changing in time and capture the large-scale spatial features of macromolecular assemblies. the relationship of these variables to the classic notion of ops based on symmetry breaking phase transitions is discussed. ops based on space warping transformations are analyzed in detail as they naturally provide a conne ... | 2012 | 22356532 |
| high-speed electro-fusion and electro-transfection of plant protoplasts by a continuous flow electro-manipulator. | a continuous flow electro-manipulator available both for mass production of fused and of transfected plant protoplasts was devised using a flow chamber with gold-coated glass panel electrodes. up to 100 ml of protoplasts suspension were treated within 20 min at the rate of approximately 1×10(6) protoplasts / min. the yield of diheterokaryons between tobacco mesophyll and carrot root protoplasts reached approximately 10 % of total protoplasts by flow electro-fusion. more than 95 % of tobacco and ... | 1988 | 24241587 |
| interface of physics and biology: engineering virus-based nanoparticles for biophotonics. | virus-based nanoparticles (vnps) have been used for a wide range of applications, spanning basic materials science and translational medicine. their propensity to self-assemble into precise structures that offer a three-dimensional scaffold for functionalization has led to their use as optical contrast agents and related biophotonics applications. a number of fluorescently labeled platforms have been developed and their utility in optical imaging demonstrated, yet their optical properties have n ... | 2015 | 25541212 |
| the use of tobacco mosaic virus and cowpea mosaic virus for the production of novel metal nanomaterials. | due to the nanoscale size and the strictly controlled and consistent morphologies of viruses, there has been a recent interest in utilizing them in nanotechnology. the structure, surface chemistries and physical properties of many viruses have been well elucidated, which have allowed identification of regions of their capsids which can be modified either chemically or genetically for nanotechnological uses. in this review we focus on the use of such modifications for the functionalization and pr ... | 2014 | 24418546 |
| shaping bio-inspired nanotechnologies to target thrombosis for dual optical-magnetic resonance imaging. | arterial and venous thrombosis are among the most common causes of death and hospitalization worldwide. nanotechnology approaches hold great promise for molecular imaging and diagnosis as well as tissue-targeted delivery of therapeutics. in this study, we developed and investigated bioengineered nanoprobes for identifying thrombus formation; the design parameters of nanoparticle shape and surface chemistry, i.e. incorporation of fibrin-binding peptides creka and gprpp, were investigated. two nan ... | 2015 | 26509036 |
| functional expression and characterization of sesquiterpene synthases from artemisia annua l. using transient expression system in nicotiana benthamiana. | artemisia annua l. produces a number of sesquiterpene synthases, which catalyze the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to various sesquiterpenes. the cdnas encoding amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ads), a key enzyme in the artemisinin biosynthesis, and epi-cedrol synthase (ecs), a complex sesquiterpene cyclization synthase, were cloned into cowpea mosaic virus-based viral vector (peaq-ht) with kozak consensus motif and c-terminal histidine tag. the plasmids were transformed into agrobacterium lba44 ... | 2012 | 22565787 |
| tombusvirus-based vector systems to permit over-expression of genes or that serve as sensors of antiviral rna silencing in plants. | a next generation tomato bushy stunt virus (tbsv) coat protein gene replacement vector system is described that can be applied by either rna inoculation or through agroinfiltration. a vector expressing gfp rapidly yields high levels of transient gene expression in inoculated leaves of various plant species, as illustrated for nicotiana benthamiana, cowpea, tomato, pepper, and lettuce. a start-codon mutation to down-regulate the dose of the p19 silencing suppressor reduces gfp accumulation, where ... | 2014 | 24606693 |
| effects of xylem-sap composition on glassy-winged sharpshooter (hemiptera: cicadellidae) egg maturation on high- and low-quality host plants. | glassy-winged sharpshooters must feed as adults to produce mature eggs. cowpea and sunflower are both readily accepted by the glassy-winged sharpshooter for feeding, but egg production on sunflower was reported to be lower than egg production on cowpea. to better understand the role of adult diet in egg production, effects of xylem-sap chemistry on glassy-winged sharpshooter egg maturation was compared for females confined to cowpea and sunflower. females confined to cowpea consumed more xylem-s ... | 2017 | 28334386 |
| effects of glassy-winged sharpshooter (hemiptera: cicadellidae) feeding, size, and lipid content on egg maturation. | the glassy-winged sharpshooter (homalodisca vitripennis) is synovigenic and must feed as an adult to produce eggs. egg maturation rates depend on the host plant species provided to the adult female for feeding and are variable for females provided with the same host plant species. here, the contribution of female size and lipid content to variation in egg maturation rates among females held on the same host plant species was assessed. to assess effects of female size and lipid content on egg mat ... | 2015 | 26470224 |
| transmission of phage by glassy-winged sharpshooters, a vector of xylella fastidiosa. | xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa (xff) is the causal agent of pierce's disease (pd) of grapevines and is vectored by the glassy-winged sharpshooter (gwss, homalodisca vitripennis). previously we have reported the development of a bacteriophage (phage) based biocontrol system for pd, but no information on insect transmission of phages has been reported. here we communicate that laboratory reared gwsss fed on cowpea plants (vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata) harboring the virulent phage paz ... | 2017 | 27738554 |
| relationships among rhizobia from native australian legumes. | isolates from 12 legumes at three sites in victoria showed a wide range of morphological, cultural, symbiotic, and serological properties. isolates from acacia longifolia var. sophorae and kennedia prostrata were fast growing but nodulated ineffectively macroptilium atropurpureum and all native legumes except swainsonia lessertiifolia. isolates from s. lessertiifolia showed anomalous properties intermediate between fast- and slow-growing rhizobia. all isolates from the other two sites were slow- ... | 1983 | 16346315 |
| assessment of heavy metal pollution in vegetables and relationships with soil heavy metal distribution in zhejiang province, china. | there are increasing concerns on heavy metal contaminant in soils and vegetables. in this study, we investigated heavy metal pollution in vegetables and the corresponding soils in the main vegetable production regions of zhejiang province, china. a total of 97 vegetable samples and 202 agricultural soil samples were analyzed for the concentrations of cd, pb, as, hg, and cr. the average levels of cd, pb, and cr in vegetable samples [chinese cabbage (brassica campestris spp. pekinensis), pakchoi ( ... | 2015 | 26013654 |
| the colletotrichum destructivum species complex - hemibiotrophic pathogens of forage and field crops. | colletotrichum destructivum is an important plant pathogen, mainly of forage and grain legumes including clover, alfalfa, cowpea and lentil, but has also been reported as an anthracnose pathogen of many other plants worldwide. several colletotrichum isolates, previously reported as closely related to c. destructivum, are known to establish hemibiotrophic infections in different hosts. the inconsistent application of names to those isolates based on outdated species concepts has caused much taxon ... | 2014 | 25492986 |
| worldwide populations of the aphid aphis craccivora are infected with diverse facultative bacterial symbionts. | facultative bacterial endosymbionts can play an important role in the evolutionary trajectory of their hosts. aphids (hemiptera: aphididae) are infected with a wide variety of facultative endosymbionts that can confer ecologically relevant traits, which in turn may drive microevolutionary processes in a dynamic selective environment. however, relatively little is known about how symbiont diversity is structured in most aphid species. here, we investigate facultative symbiont species richness and ... | 2014 | 24233285 |
| defense response in non-genomic model species: methyl jasmonate exposure reveals the passion fruit leaves' ability to assemble a cocktail of functionally diversified kunitz-type trypsin inhibitors and recruit two of them against papain. | multiplicity of protease inhibitors induced by predators may increase the understanding of a plant's intelligent behavior toward environmental challenges. information about defense mechanisms of non-genomic model plant passion fruit (passiflora edulis sims) in response to predator attack is still limited. here, via biochemical approaches, we showed its flexibility to build-up a broad repertoire of potent kunitz-type trypsin inhibitors (ktis) in response to methyl jasmonate. seven inhibitors (20- ... | 2014 | 24849173 |
| bruchid (coleoptera: bruchidae) ovicidal phenylbutanoid from zingiber purpureum. | the larvicidal activity of the dichloromethane extract of zingiber purpureum roscoe (zingiberaceae) rhizome against the second instar of aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) is shown to be due to 4-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)buta-1,3-diene. the diene also showed ovicidal activity against the bruchid callosobruchus maculatus (f.) (coleoptera: bruchidae). most of the eggs laid by bruchids on treated cowpea seeds were transparent, and very few of them contained developing embryos. the few larvae pro ... | 2005 | 16156567 |
| characterization of resistance to multiple aphid species (hemiptera: aphididae) in medicago truncatula. | aphids are phloem-feeding insects that damage many important crops throughout the world yet, compared to plant-pathogen interactions, little is known about the mechanisms by which plants become resistant to aphids. medicago truncatula (barrel medic) is widely considered as the pre-eminent model legume for genetic and biological research and in australia is an important pasture species. six cultivars of m. truncatula with varying levels of resistance to two pests of pasture and forage legumes, th ... | 2007 | 17298680 |
| ants learn aphid species as mutualistic partners: is the learning behavior species-specific? | in ant-aphid associations, many aphid species provide ants with honeydew and are tended by ants, whereas others are never tended and are frequently preyed upon by ants. in these relationships, ants must have the ability to discriminate among aphid species, with mutualistic aphids being accepted as partners rather than prey. although ants reportedly use cuticular hydrocarbons (chcs) of aphids to differentiate between mutualistic and non-mutualistic species, it is unclear whether the ability to re ... | 2015 | 26590597 |
| intercropping for management of insect pests of castor, ricinus communis, in the semi-arid tropics of india. | intercropping is one of the important cultural practices in pest management and is based on the principle of reducing insect pests by increasing the diversity of an ecosystem. on-farm experiments were conducted in villages of semi-arid tropical (sat) india to identify the appropriate combination of castor (ricinus communis l.) (malpighiales: euphorbiaceae) and intercropping in relation to pest incidence. the diversity created by introducing cluster bean, cowpea, black gram, or groundnut as inter ... | 2012 | 22934569 |
| unequivocal enantiomeric identification and analysis of 10 chiral pesticides in fruit and vegetables by quechers method combined with liquid chromatography-quadruple/linear ion trap mass spectrometry determination. | in this research, 10 chiral pesticides in fruits and vegetables were simultaneously determined using chiral liquid chromatography triple quadrupole-linear ion trap hybrid mass spectrometry (lc-qqlit). the quechers method was applied for sample preparation, and an enhanced product ion (epi) scan was used to acquire tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) spectra for the library search. parameters including limit of detection (lod), limit of quantification (loq), linearity, relative standard deviation (r ... | 2015 | 26392120 |
| albizia lebbeck seed coat proteins bind to chitin and act as a defense against cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus. | the seed coat is an external tissue that participates in defense against insects. in some nonhost seeds, including albizia lebbeck, the insect callosobruchus maculatus dies during seed coat penetration. we investigated the toxicity of a. lebbeck seed coat proteins to c. maculatus. a chitin-binding protein fraction was isolated from seed coat, and mass spectrometry showed similarity to a c1 cysteine protease. by elm program an n-glycosylation interaction motif was identified in this protein, and ... | 2016 | 27078512 |
| effect of african leafy vegetables on the micronutrient status of mildly deficient farm-school children in south africa: a randomized controlled study. | a randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effect of african leafy vegetable (alv) consumption on fe, zn and vitamin a status in children. | 2016 | 26146039 |
| organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables from farms, markets, and a supermarket around kwan phayao lake of northern thailand. | this study investigated organophosphorus (op) residues in vegetables from 27 farms, 106 markets, and 1 supermarket around kwan phayao lake, northern thailand, between august and september 2013. types of vegetables sampled were all vegetables cultivated or sold around the study site. the most common op pesticides detected in farm samples were chlorpyrifos (50 %), malathion (31.8 %), monocrotophos (31.8 %), diazinon (13.6 %), omethoate (13.6 %), and dicrotophos (9.1 %). the most common op pesticid ... | 2014 | 24609615 |
| control of cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus (f.) (coleoptera: bruchidae), using natural plant products. | a laboratory study was conducted to investigate the effects of natural products on the reproduction and damage of callosobruchus maculatus, the cowpea weevil, on cowpea seeds at botswana college of agriculture in gaborone, botswana. the cowpea variety blackeye was used in the study. fifty grams of each plant product (garlic, peppermint and chilies) was added to 500 g of the cowpea seeds. findings of this experiment revealed that chilies and garlic had negative effects on cowpea weevils for all p ... | 2014 | 26463066 |
| toxicity of an annonin-based commercial bioinsecticide against three primary pest species of stored products. | the effects of a bioinsecticide formulation based on extract of annona squamosa l. (annonaceae) containing 10,000 mg l(-1) of acetogenin annonin as the main active ingredient were investigated against three primary pest species of stored grains in brazil [maize weevil sitophilus zeamais motschulsky (coleoptera: curculionidae), mexican bean weevil zabrotes subfasciatus (boheman) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae: bruchinae), and cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus (fabricius) (coleoptera: chrysomelid ... | 2017 | 28353149 |
| tetrahydroindeno[1',2':4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazol-5(1h)-ones as novel neonicotinoid insecticides: reaction selectivity and substituent effects on the activity level. | tetraheterocyclic tetrahydroindeno[1',2':4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazol-5(1h)-one derivatives as novel neonicotinoid candidates were designed and prepared by selective etherification, chlorination and esterification of ninhydrin-heterocyclic ketene aminals adducts. some of the designed compounds showed excellent insecticidal activity against cowpea aphids (aphis craccivora), brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens), and armyworm (mythimna separata). in particular, the activity against armyworm (mythim ... | 2015 | 25611859 |
| peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in moderate resistant and susceptible vicia faba induced by aphis craccivora (hemiptera: aphididae) infestation. | two faba bean, vicia faba l., cultivars, gazira2 and misr1, representing cultivars moderately resistant and susceptible to aphids, were analyzed for peroxidase (pod) and polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activities induced by cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. infestation. two tissue types (whole plant [wp] and detached leaf [dl]), two infestation status (infested and uninfested), and three aphid infestation durations (1, 3, and 5 d) were considered in pod and ppo data analysis. factorial analysis show ... | 2014 | 25480978 |
| biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora) on faba bean (vicia faba) cultivars. | the performance of cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. (hemiptera: aphididae), on five faba bean, vicia faba l. (fabales: fabaceae) cultivars was evaluated. colony development, biology, and demographic parameters were studied to measure the cowpea aphid performance. two methods, whole plant and detached leaf, were used in these experiments. after 14 d , the number of apterous adult, nymphs, and total cowpea aphids were significantly lower in cultivar gazira2 and highest on cultivar misr1. assum ... | 2014 | 25368064 |
| seven-membered azabridged neonicotinoids: synthesis, crystal structure, insecticidal assay, and molecular docking studies. | to study the influence of the ring sizes, 37 novel seven-membered azabridged neonicotinoid analogues were synthesized by reactions of nitromethylene analogues, succinaldehyde, and aniline hydrochlorides. most of the title compounds presented higher insecticidal activities than that of imidacloprid (imi), cycloxaprid (cyc), and eight-membered compounds against cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora), armyworm (pseudaletia separata walker), and brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens), which indicated that ... | 2014 | 25347284 |
| pyridine derivatives as insecticides. part 1: synthesis and toxicity of some pyridine derivatives against cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch (homoptera: aphididae). | five pyridine derivatives, namely, n-morpholinium 7,7-dimethyl-3-cyano-4-(4'-nitrophenyl)-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2-thiolate (1), sodium 5-acetyl-3-amino-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylthieno[2,3-b] pyridine-2-carboxylate (2), piperidinium 3,5-dicyano-2-oxo-4-spirocyclopentane-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-6-thiolate (3), piperidinium 5-acetyl-3-cyano-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylpyridine-2-thiolate (4), and piperidinium 5-acetyl-4-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-6-methyl-pyridine-2-thiolate ( ... | 2014 | 25226271 |
| do aphid carcasses on the backs of larvae of green lacewing work as chemical mimicry against aphid-tending ants? | ants attack and exclude natural enemies of aphids in ant-aphid mutualisms. however, larvae of the green lacewing, mallada desjardinsi, prey on the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora, without exclusion by aphid-tending ants. lacewing larvae are protected from ants by carrying aphid carcasses on their backs. here, we tested whether cuticular hydrocarbons (chcs) of aphid carcasses affected the aggressiveness of aphid-tending ants. aphid carcasses were washed with n-hexane to remove lipids. lacewing lar ... | 2014 | 24894158 |
| wild tomato leaf extracts for spider mite and cowpea aphid control. | glandular trichomes on the leaves of wild tomato, l. hirsutum f. hirsutum mull, also known as solanum habrochaites (solanaceae), synthesize and accumulate high levels of methyl ketones (mks). l. hirsutum accession la 407, having high concentration of mks, was grown from seeds under greenhouse conditions. four mks (2-undecanone, 2-dodecanone, 2-tridecanone, and 2-pentadecanone) were screened for their toxicity to spider mites, tetranychus urticae koch and cowpea aphids, aphis craccivora koch. the ... | 2014 | 24813988 |