Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| outcrossing potential between 11 important genetically modified crops and the chilean vascular flora. | the potential impact of genetically modified (gm) crops on biodiversity is one of the main concerns in an environmental risk assessment (era). the likelihood of outcrossing and pollen-mediated gene flow from gm crops and non-gm crops are explained by the same principles and depend primarily on the biology of the species. we conducted a national-scale study of the likelihood of outcrossing between 11 gm crops and vascular plants in chile by use of a systematized database that included cultivated, ... | 2016 | 26052925 |
| interaction between a tannin-containing legume and endophyte-infected tall fescue seed on lambs' feeding behavior and physiology. | it was hypothesized that a tannin-rich legume such as sainfoin attenuates the negative postingestive effects of ergot alkaloids in tall fescue. thirty-two 4-mo-old lambs were individually penned and randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 legume species, sainfoin (san; 2.9% condensed tannins) or cicer milkvetch (cic; without tannins) and a mixed ration containing tall fescue seed (50:30:20 seed:beet pulp:alfalfa) with 2 levels of endophyte infection (endophyte-infected tall fes ... | 2016 | 27065155 |
| an insufficient glucose supply causes reduced lactose synthesis in lactating dairy cows fed rice straw instead of alfalfa hay. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the nutrient availability for milk production in the mammary gland of lactating cows fed different forage-based diets. the 3 diets contained 30% corn stover (cs), 30% rice straw (rs), or 23% alfalfa hay plus 7% chinese wild rye hay (ah) as a forage source. all diets contained 15% of dm as corn silage and 55% of dm as concentrate. the percentage of milk lactose was always lower in the rs-fed cows than in the cows fed ah or cs during the 12-wk ... | 2016 | 27898934 |
| fish oil-induced milk fat depression and associated downregulation of mammary lipogenic genes in dairy ewes. | several studies in dairy cows have shown a relationship between milk fat depression (mfd) and alterations caused in lipogenic gene expression by dietary nutrients. however, information on small ruminants is not only scarce but also inconsistent. therefore, this experiment was conducted in dairy ewes to study the effect of a diet known to induce mfd on milk fatty acid (fa) composition and mrna abundance of key candidate genes involved in mammary lipogenesis. twelve lactating assaf ewes (on averag ... | 2016 | 27474983 |
| thermoperiodism synchronizes emergence in the alfalfa leafcutting bee (hymenoptera: megachilidae). | alfalfa seed production in the northwestern united states and western canada is heavily dependent upon the pollinating services of megachile rotundata (f.) (hymenoptera: megachilidae). m. rotundata females nest in cavities either naturally occurring or in artificial nesting blocks. because of the physical nature of the nest, m. rotundata brood may have limited to no exposure to photoperiodic cues in order to regulate important circadian functions. therefore, various thermoperiod regimes were use ... | 2016 | 26385932 |
| migratory bee hive transportation contributes insignificantly to transgenic pollen movement between spatially isolated alfalfa seed fields. | contracted commercial beekeeping operations provide an essential pollination service to many agricultural systems worldwide. increased use of genetically engineered crops in agriculture has raised concerns over pollinator-mediated gene flow between transgenic and conventional agricultural varieties. this study evaluated whether contracted migratory beekeeping practices influence transgenic pollen flow among spatially isolated alfalfa fields. twelve honey bee (apis mellifera l.) colonies were per ... | 2016 | 27852693 |
| optimizing fluctuating thermal regime storage of developing megachile rotundata (hymenoptera: megachilidae). | the alfalfa leafcutting bee, megachile rotundata (f.), is the primary pollinator for alfalfa seed production in north america. under current management practice, developing pupae are incubated at 29-30°c until the adults emerge for pollination. if unfavorable spring weather delays peak alfalfa bloom, managers will cool pupae to slow development, which can increase mortality and causes sublethal effects. previously, we demonstrated that exposure to a fluctuating thermal regime (ftr) increases sur ... | 2016 | 26994099 |
| pheromone lure and trap color affects bycatch in agricultural landscapes of utah. | aerial traps, using combinations of color and attractive lures, are a critical tool for detecting and managing insect pest populations. yet, despite improvements in trap efficacy, collection of nontarget species ("bycatch") plagues many insect pest surveys. bycatch can influence survey effectiveness by reducing the available space for target species and increasing trap screening time, especially in areas where thousands of insects are captured as bycatch in a given season. additionally, bycatch ... | 2016 | 27412193 |
| rodent food quality and its relation to crops and other environmental and population parameters in an agricultural landscape. | the diet, its quality and quantity considerably influence population parameters of rodents. in this study, we used nirs methods for estimation of nitrogen content in stomachs of rodent populations. the study was carried out in diverse arable landscape in south moravia, czech republic. rodents were sampled in cultural crops (alfalfa, barley, wheat, sunflower, maize and rape) as well as in fallow habitats (herbal set-aside and old orchard). influence of habitat, date, year, individual parameters ( ... | 2016 | 27099997 |
| comparative transcriptome investigation of global gene expression changes caused by mir156 overexpression in medicago sativa. | medicago sativa (alfalfa) is a low-input forage and potential bioenergy crop, and improving its yield and quality has always been a focus of the alfalfa breeding industry. transgenic alfalfa plants overexpressing a precursor of alfalfa microrna156 (msmir156) were recently generated by our group. these plants (mir156oe) showed enhanced biomass yield, reduced internodal length, increased shoot branching and trichome density, and a delay in flowering time. transcripts of three squamosa-promoter bin ... | 2016 | 27542359 |
| expression of an alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) peroxidase gene in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana enhances resistance to nacl and h2o2. | peroxidases (pods) are enzymes that play important roles in catalyzing the reduction of h2o2 and the oxidation of various substrates. they function in many different and important biological processes, such as defense mechanisms, immune responses, and pathogeny. the pod genes have been cloned and identified in many plants, but their function in alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) is not known, to date. based on the pod gene sequence (genbank accession no. l36157.1), we cloned the pod gene in alfalfa, w ... | 2016 | 27323080 |
| mrna biogenesis-related helicase eif4aiii from arabidopsis thaliana is an important factor for abiotic stress adaptation. | similar to other plant species, arabidopsis has a huge repertoire of predicted helicases, including the eif4aiii factor, a putative component of the exon junction complex related to mrna biogenesis. in this article, we integrated evolutionary and functional approaches to have a better understanding of eif4aiii function in plants. phylogenetic analysis showed that the mrna biogenesis-related helicase eif4aiii is the ortholog of the stress-related helicases pdh45 from pisum sativum and mh1 from me ... | 2016 | 26883227 |
| eukaryotic hsp70 chaperones in the intermembrane space of chloroplasts. | multiple eukaryotic hsp70 typically localized in the cytoplasm are also distributed to the intermembrane space of chloroplasts and might thereby represent the missing link in energizing protein translocation. protein translocation into organelles is a central cellular process that is tightly regulated. it depends on signals within the preprotein and on molecular machines catalyzing the process. molecular chaperones participate in transport and translocation of preproteins into organelles to cont ... | 2016 | 26669598 |
| above-belowground herbivore interactions in mixed plant communities are influenced by altered precipitation patterns. | root- and shoot-feeding herbivores have the capacity to influence one another by modifying the chemistry of the shared host plant. this can alter rates of nutrient mineralization and uptake by neighboring plants and influence plant-plant competition, particularly in mixtures combining grasses and legumes. root herbivory-induced exudation of nitrogen (n) from legume roots, for example, may increase n acquisition by co-occurring grasses, with knock-on effects on grassland community composition. li ... | 2016 | 27047522 |
| performances of survival, feeding behavior, and gene expression in aphids reveal their different fitness to host alteration. | insect populations feeding on different plant species are under selection pressure to adapt to these differences. a study integrating elements of the ecology, behavior, and gene expression of aphids on different host plants has not yet been well-explored. the present study explores the relationship between host fitness and survival, feeding behavior, and salivary gland gene expression of a pea (pisum sativum) host race of acyrthosiphon pisum feeding on a common host vicia faba and on three genet ... | 2016 | 26758247 |
| enemy-free space promotes maintenance of host races in an aphid species. | the enormous biodiversity of herbivorous insects may arise from ecological speciation via continuous host-plant switches. whether such switches are successful depends on the trade-off between different selection pressures that act on herbivores. decreased herbivore performance due to suboptimal nutrition might be compensated for by a reduced natural enemy pressure. as a consequence, an "enemy-free space" on a certain plant might facilitate host-plant switches and maintain biotypes. to test this ... | 2016 | 26520659 |
| optimization of agroinfiltration in pisum sativum provides a new tool for studying the salivary protein functions in the pea aphid complex. | aphids are piercing-sucking insect pests and feed on phloem sap. during feeding, aphids inject a battery of salivary proteins into host plant. some of these proteins function like effectors of microbial pathogens and influence the outcome of plant-aphid interactions. the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) is the model aphid and encompasses multiple biotypes each specialized to one or a few legume species, providing an opportunity to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the compatibility between ... | 2016 | 27555856 |
| phytotoxic potential of secondary metabolites and semisynthetic compounds from endophytic fungus xylaria feejeensis strain sm3e-1b isolated from sapium macrocarpum. | bioactivity-directed fractionation of the combined culture medium and mycelium extract of the endophytic fungus xylaria feejeensis strain sm3e-1b, isolated from sapium macrocarpum, led to the isolation of three known natural products: (4s,5s,6s)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-5,6-epoxycyclohex-2-enone or coriloxine, 1; 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione, 2; and 2,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione or fumiquinone b, 3. this is the first report of comp ... | 2016 | 27159617 |
| phytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from the endophyte hypoxylon anthochroum strain blaci isolated from bursera lancifolia (burseraceae). | to evaluate the phytotoxic, antifungal and antioomycete activity; and, determine the chemical composition of the volatile organic compounds (vocs) and semi-volatile metabolites produced by the endophyte hypoxylon anthochroum strain blaci isolated from bursera lancifolia. | 2016 | 27159426 |
| prediction of enteric methane emissions from holstein dairy cows fed various forage sources. | milk fatty acid (fa) profile has been previously used as a predictor of enteric ch4 output in dairy cows fed diets supplemented with plant oils, which can potentially impact ruminal fermentation. the objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between milk fa and enteric ch4 emissions in lactating dairy cows fed different types of forages in the context of commonly fed diets. a total of 81 observations from three separate 3×3 latin square design (32-day periods) experiments incl ... | 2016 | 26399308 |
| variation in feeding behavior and milk production among dairy cows when supplemented with 2 amounts of mixed ration in combination with 2 amounts of pasture. | variation in feeding behavior and milk production of grazing dairy cows fed a mixed ration was measured. experiments were conducted in spring (early lactation) and autumn (late lactation) with 48 holstein-friesian dairy cows. pasture allowance (low vs. high) and amounts of supplement (low vs. high) were applied to determine the effect on variation among cows in feeding behavior and milk production. the experiments investigated 4 dietary treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. da ... | 2016 | 27265164 |
| particle length of silages affects apparent ruminal synthesis of b vitamins in lactating dairy cows. | effects of particle length of silages on apparent ruminal synthesis (ars) and postruminal supply of b vitamins were evaluated in 2 feeding trials. diets containing alfalfa (trial 1) or orchardgrass (trial 2) silages, chopped to either 19mm (long cut, lc) or 10mm (short cut, sc) theoretical particle length, as the sole forage were offered to ruminally and duodenally cannulated lactating holstein cows in crossover design experiments. forages chopped to a theoretical particle length of 19 and 10mm ... | 2016 | 27236755 |
| microbial release of ferulic and p-coumaric acids from forages and their digestibility in lactating cows fed total mixed rations with different forage combinations. | ferulic acid (fa) and p-coumaric acid (pca) are widely distributed in graminaceous plant cell walls. this study investigated the in vitro and in vivo digestibility of ester-linked fa (faest) and pca (pcaest) in lactating dairy cows. | 2016 | 25675865 |
| a potent phytotoxic substance in aglaia odorata lour. | aglaia odorata lour. (meliaceae) was found to have very strong allelopathic activity and a bioherbicide porganic(™) was developed from its leaf extracts. however, the phytotoxic substances causing the strong allelopathic activity of the plants have not yet been determined. therefore, we investigated allelopathic properties and phytotoxic substances in a. odorata. aqueous etoh extracts of a. odorata leaves inhibited root and shoot growth of garden cress (lepidum sativum), lettuce (lactuca sativa) ... | 2016 | 27088639 |
| botanicals and their bioactive phytochemicals for women's health. | botanical dietary supplements are increasingly popular for women's health, particularly for older women. the specific botanicals women take vary as a function of age. younger women will use botanicals for urinary tract infections, especially vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry), where there is evidence for efficacy. botanical dietary supplements for premenstrual syndrome (pms) are less commonly used, and rigorous clinical trials have not been done. some examples include vitex agnus-castus (chastebe ... | 2016 | 27677719 |
| seed germination of seven desert plants and implications for vegetation restoration. | germination cues reflect the conditions under which a species is likely to succeed in recruitment. therefore, knowledge of the seed germination characteristics of key plant species in desertified areas is essential for restoration. the aims of this study were to evaluate the seed germination responses of seven native species, and to explore the implications for vegetation restoration. seeds of seven desert species were sown in petri dishes and subjected to various temperature and light condition ... | 2016 | 27179541 |
| the response of the soil microbial food web to extreme rainfall under different plant systems. | an agroforestry experiment was conducted that involved four planting systems: monoculture of the focal species zanthoxylum bungeanum and mixed cultures of z. bungeanum and capsicum annuum, z. bungeanum and medicago sativa and z. bungeanum and glycine max. soil microbial food web (microorganisms and nematodes) was investigated under manipulated extreme rainfall in the four planting systems to assess whether presence of neighbor species alleviated the magnitude of extreme rainfall on nutrient upta ... | 2016 | 27874081 |
| milk production in dairy goats supplemented with different levels of ruminally protected methionine. | the objective of the study reported in this research communication was to evaluate graded levels of ruminally protected methionine (rpm) in dairy goat rations on milk production and live weight changes during 155 d of lactation. twenty-five primiparous dairy goats (crosses of toggenburg, french alpine and saanen; 45·4 ± 1·0 kg bw) were fed a basal diet (10·10% cp, 6·13 dp and 2·34 mcal/kg me) of corn silage, oat hay, alfalfa hay and concentrate (80% forage, 20% concentrate). after kidding, the t ... | 2016 | 27048778 |
| impact of brassica and lucerne finishing feeds and intramuscular fat on lamb eating quality and flavor. a cross-cultural study using chinese and non-chinese australian consumers. | use of forage brassicas (brassica napus) and lucerne (alfalfa; medicago sativa) as ruminant feeds has been linked to unacceptable flavors in sheepmeat. lambs from low and high intramuscular fat sires were allocated to one of four finishing feeds-perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), lucerne, and two brassica forages-for a 6 week period. grilled loins (longissimus thoracis et lumborum) were subjected to chemical and sensory analysis by a trained panel and also evaluated by non-chinese and chinese ... | 2016 | 27523884 |
| differential uptake of silver, copper and zinc suggests complementary species-specific phytoextraction potential. | the aim of our study, conducted as a pot experiment, was to assess the potential of willow (salix miyabeana), alfalfa (medicago sativa), tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), and indian mustard (brassica juncea) to remediate two brownfield soils differentially contaminated with ag, cu and zn (up to 113.60, 47.50, and 117.00 mg kg(-1) respectively). while aboveground ag accumulation was highest in b. juncea (4.60 ± 2.58 mg kg(-1)), lower levels were also measured in m. sativa and f. arundinacea. cu ... | 2016 | 26361089 |
| reconstruction of a composite comparative map composed of ten legume genomes. | the fabaceae (legume family) is the third largest and the second of agricultural importance among flowering plant groups. in this study, we report the reconstruction of a composite comparative map composed of ten legume genomes, including seven species from the galegoid clade (medicago truncatula, medicago sativa, lens culinaris, pisum sativum, lotus japonicus, cicer arietinum, vicia faba) and three species from the phaseoloid clade (vigna radiata, phaseolus vulgaris, glycine max). to accomplish ... | 2017 | 28090266 |
| plant tissue cultures as sources of new ene- and ketoreductase activities. | while many redox enzymes are nowadays available for synthetic applications, the toolbox of ene-reductases is still limited. consequently, the screening for these enzymes from diverse sources in the search of new biocatalyst suitable for green chemistry approaches is needed. among 13 plant tissue cultures, medicago sativa and tessaria absinthioides calli, as well as capsicum annuum hairy roots, were selected due to their ability to hydrogenate the c=c double bond of the model substrate 2-cyclohex ... | 2017 | 28359867 |
| effects of untreated and treated wastewater at the morphological, physiological and biochemical levels on seed germination and development of sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench), alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). | wastewater reuse in agriculture may help mitigate water scarcity. this may be reached if high quality treatments removing harmful pollutants are applied. the aim of the present study was to compare the effect of untreated (utw) and treated wastewater (tw) on germination and seedlings development of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench). utw presented high turbidity (130 ntu), chemical and biological oxygen demand (cod, 719mgl ... | 2017 | 28013160 |
| bioassessment of heavy metals in the surface soil layer of an opencast mine aimed for its rehabilitation. | the contemporary reclamation method in an opencast coal mine closure comprises the use of the preserved surface soil layer (ssl) before mining, and can be directly returned to the areas being rehabilitated. the present study emphasizes a risk in the use of such a ssl in mine rehabilitation due to the possible excessive amount of heavy metals which usually derives from a metal-rich sediment or fluvial character of overburden material. this indication was approved by the bioassessment of cadmium ( ... | 2017 | 27823905 |
| digesta retention patterns in geese (anser anser) and turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) and deduced function of avian caeca. | although it is well-known that retrograde transport of urine fills the caeca of birds with fluid and small particles, the function of avian caeca is still not fully understood. we measured mean retention times (mrt) of solute (cobalt-edta, co), small particle (<2mm, chromium-mordanted fibre, cr) and large particle (8mm, cerium-marked fibre, ce) markers in geese (anser anser) and turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) fed alfalfa pellets ad libitum. intake did not differ between species. turkeys had longe ... | 2017 | 27923709 |
| effect of supplementation with linseed or a blend of aromatic spices and time on feed on fatty acid composition, meat quality and consumer liking of meat from lambs fed dehydrated alfalfa or corn. | cross-bred lambs (n=72) were fed finishing diets using a factorial arrangement of treatments: basal diet (alfalfa pellets or corn), supplement (none, linseed or aromatic spices), time on feed (41 or 83days). carcass and meat quality traits, fatty acid composition, color stability and consumer liking were determined. feeding alfalfa improved sensory ratings and fatty acid composition of lamb. however, corn or longer alfalfa feeding would be recommended if heavier and fatter carcasses are sought. ... | 2017 | 28110126 |
| nutritive value and anthelmintic effect of sainfoin pellets fed to experimentally infected growing rabbits. | alternative strategies to synthetic chemical drugs are needed in livestock and are a key issue in organic farming today. this study aimed at examining the potentialities of sainfoin, a legume rich in condensed tannins, as a nutraceutical that combines nutritive and antiparasitic effects in rabbits. to test the effect of infection with a helminth (i: infected groups; ni: not infected groups) and the effect of substituting 40% of the alfalfa in a control diet (c) with sainfoin (diet s), four group ... | 2017 | 28215185 |
| turning in mid-air allows aphids that flee the plant to avoid reaching the risky ground. | when forced to drop from the plant, flightless arboreal insects can avoid reaching the risky ground by maneuvering their body through the air. when wingless pea aphids (acyrthosiphon pisum) are threatened by natural enemies, they often drop off their host plant while assuming a stereotypic posture that rotates them in mid-air, aligning them with their feet pointing downwards. this position may increase their chances to re-cling onto lower plant parts and avoid facing the dangers on the ground, t ... | 2017 | 28261994 |
| cell wall proteome analysis of arabidopsis thaliana mature stems. | plant stems carry flowers necessary for species propagation and need to be adapted to mechanical disturbance and environmental factors. the stem cell walls are different from other organs and can modify their rigidity or viscoelastic properties for the integrity and the robustness required to withstand mechanical impacts and environmental stresses. plant cell wall is composed of complex polysaccharide networks also containing cell wall proteins (cwps) crucial to perceive and limit the environmen ... | 2017 | 28155257 |
| migratory bee hive transportation contributes insignificantly to transgenic pollen movement between spatially isolated alfalfa seed fields. | 2017 | 28204486 | |
| effects of residual novaluron on reproduction in alfalfa leafcutting bees, megachile rotundata f. (megachilidae). | the chitin synthesis inhibitor novaluron can suppress pests that affect alfalfa seed production, but can negatively affect reproductive success in the alfalfa pollinator megachile rotundata. novaluron is considered to be a reduced-risk insecticide because it disrupts ecdysis and is non-lethal to adult insects, but some exposed adults have fewer eggs and suppressed egg hatch. for this experiment, bees nested in field cages where they were exposed to alfalfa that had never been treated with novalu ... | 2017 | 27405042 |
| capulavirus and grablovirus: two new genera in the family geminiviridae. | geminiviruses are plant-infecting single-stranded dna viruses that occur in most parts of the world. currently, there are seven genera within the family geminiviridae (becurtovirus, begomovirus, curtovirus, eragrovirus, mastrevirus, topocuvirus and turncurtovirus). the rate of discovery of new geminiviruses has increased significantly over the last decade as a result of new molecular tools and approaches (rolling-circle amplification and deep sequencing) that allow for high-throughput workflows. ... | 2017 | 28213872 |
| short communication: associations between feed push-up frequency, feeding and lying behavior, and milk yield and composition of dairy cows. | feeding management factors have great potential to influence activity patterns and feeding behavior of dairy cows, which may have implications for performance. the objectives of this study were to assess the effects of feed push-up frequency on the behavioral patterns of dairy cows, and to determine associations between behavior and milk yield and composition. lactating holstein dairy cows (n = 28, parity = 1.9 ± 1.1; mean ± sd) were housed in tiestalls, milked twice per day, and offered ad libi ... | 2017 | 28088413 |
| growth performance, feeding behavior, and selected blood metabolites of holstein dairy calves fed restricted amounts of milk: no interactions between sources of finely ground grain and forage provision. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of grain sources and forage provision on growth performance, blood metabolites, and feeding behaviors of dairy calves. sixty 3-d-old holstein dairy calves (42.2 ± 2.5 kg of body weight) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with the factors being grain sources (barley and corn) and forage provision (no forage, alfalfa hay, and corn silage). individually housed calves were randomly assigned (n = 10 calves per treatment: 5 males and 5 ... | 2017 | 28012617 |
| effects of forage provision to dairy calves on growth performance and rumen fermentation: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. | a meta-analysis of the potential effect of forage provision on growth performance and rumen fermentation of dairy calves was conducted using published data from the literature (1998-2016). meta-regression was used to evaluate the effects of different forage levels, forage sources, forage offering methods, physical forms of starter, and grain sources on the heterogeneity of the results. we considered 27 studies that reported the effects of forage provision to dairy calves. estimated effect sizes ... | 2017 | 27939538 |
| effects of purified lignin on in vitro rumen metabolism and growth performance of feedlot cattle. | the objectives were to assess the effects of purified lignin from wheat straw (sodium hydroxide dehydrated lignin; shdl) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and on the growth performance of feedlot cattle. | 2017 | 27456424 |
| dry anaerobic digestion of cow manure and agricultural products in a full-scale plant: efficiency and comparison with wet fermentation. | for years, anaerobic digestion processes have been implemented for the management of organic wastes, agricultural residues, and animal manure. wet anaerobic digestion still represents the most common technology, while dry fermentation, dedicated to the treatment of solid inputs (ts>20%) can be considered as an emerging technology, not in terms of technological maturity, but of diffusion. the first agricultural dry anaerobic digestion plant constructed in italy was monitored from the start-up, fo ... | 2017 | 28389052 |
| effects of alfalfa flavonoids extract on the microbial flora of dairy cow rumen. | the effect of flavonoids from alfalfa on the microbial flora was determined using molecular techniques of 16s ribosome deoxyribonucleic acid (rdna) analysis. methods:four primiparous holstein heifers fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a 4 × 4 latin square design and fed a total mixed ration (tmr) to which alfalfa flavonoids extract (afe) was added at the rates of 0 (a, control), 20 (b), 60 (c) or 100 (d) mg per kg of heifer body weight (bw) . | 2017 | 28183168 |
| effects of moringa oleifera silage on milk yield, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of lactating dairy cows. | this study investigated the effects of moringa oleifera (mo) as a partial substitute of alfalfa hay on milk yield, nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of dairy cows. mo was harvested at 120 days post-seeding. fresh mo was cut, mixed with chopped oat hay (425:575 on a dm basis), ensiled and stored for 60 days. sixty healthy holstein dairy cows were allocated to one of three groups: nm (no mo or control), lm (low mo; 25% alfalfa hay and 50% maize silage were replaced by m ... | 2017 | 28299866 |
| complementary transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal regulatory mechanisms of milk protein production in dairy cows consuming different forages. | forage plays a critical role in the milk production of dairy cows; however, the mechanisms regulating bovine milk synthesis in dairy cows fed high forage rations with different basal forage types are not well-understood. in the study, rice straw (rs, low-quality) and alfalfa hay (ah, high-quality) diets were fed to lactating cows to explore how forage quality affected the molecular mechanisms regulating milk production using rna-seq transcriptomic method with itraq proteomic technique. a total o ... | 2017 | 28290485 |
| replacing alfalfa silage with tannin-containing birdsfoot trefoil silage in total mixed rations for lactating dairy cows. | two lactation trials were conducted comparing the feeding value of silages made from birdsfoot trefoil (bft, lotus corniculatus l.) that had been selected for low (bftl), medium (bftm), and high (bfth) levels of condensed tannins (ct) to an alfalfa silage (as) when fed as the principal forage in total mixed rations. diets also included corn silage, high-moisture shelled corn, soybean meal, soy hulls, and supplemental fat. in trial 1, 32 lactating holstein cows were blocked by days in milk, assig ... | 2017 | 28259401 |
| effect of ensiling process of total mixed ration on fermentation profile, nutrient loss and in situ ruminal degradation characteristics of diet. | this experiment aimed to determine the changes in chemical composition, fermentation profile, in situ disappearance characteristics, and nutrient losses of ensiled total mixed ration (tmr) containing steam-flaked corn or brown rice (br) during storage. tmrs for dairy cows, containing either steam-flaked corn or br at 31.9% with 15.2% rye silage, 40.5% alfalfa silage, 5.0% beet pulp and 7.0% soybean meal, were prepared (dry matter (dm) basis). each tmr was placed in a plastic drum silo, stored at ... | 2017 | 27113019 |
| carbohydrate and lipid spectroscopic molecular structures of different alfalfa hay and their relationship with nutrient availability in ruminants. | this study was conducted to determine molecular structures related to carbohydrates and lipid in alfalfa hay cut at early bud, late bud and early flower and in the afternoon and next morning using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft/ir) and to determine their relationship with alfalfa hay nutrient profile and availability in ruminants. | 2017 | 28335093 |
| effects of feeding extruded linseed on production performance and milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows: a meta-analysis. | the objectives of this study were to quantify the effects on production performance and milk fatty acid (fa) profile of feeding dairy cows extruded linseed (el), a feed rich in α-linolenic acid, and to assess the variability of the responses related to the dose of el and the basal diet composition. this meta-analysis was carried out using only data from trials including a control diet without fat supplementation. the dependent variables were defined by the mean differences between values from el ... | 2017 | 28390715 |
| high-concentrate diets based on forages harvested at different maturity stages affect ruminal synthesis of b vitamins in lactating dairy cows. | effects of plant maturity on apparent ruminal synthesis and post-ruminal supply of b vitamins were evaluated in two feeding trials. diets containing alfalfa (trial 1) or orchardgrass (trial 2) silages harvested either (1) early cut, less mature (ec) or (2) late cut, more mature (lc) as the sole forage were offered to ruminally and duodenally cannulated lactating holstein cows in crossover design experiments. in trial 1, conducted with 16 cows (569±43 kg of empty bw (ruminal content removed) and ... | 2017 | 27573890 |
| the effects of feeding rations that differ in fiber and fermentable starch within a day on milk production and the daily rhythm of feed intake and plasma hormones and metabolites in dairy cows. | a daily pattern of feed intake, milk synthesis, and plasma metabolites and hormones occurs in dairy cows fed a total mixed ration once or twice a day. the objective of this study was to determine if feeding multiple rations within a day, complementing these rhythms, would improve milk production. twelve holstein cows were used in a replicated 3×3 latin square design with 21-d periods. cows were housed in tie stalls with feed tubs, and feed weight was recorded every 10 s for observation of feedin ... | 2017 | 27837979 |
| analysis of pasture supplementation strategies by means of a mechanistic model of ruminal digestion and metabolism in the dairy cow. | effective pasture supplementation is critical to the efficiency of resource management in milk production. we understand a great deal about ruminal and metabolic processes in dairy cattle that control efficiency but we need to improve our ability to predict effects of practical feeding strategies based on the basic biological processes of the cow. therefore, a large-scale pasture supplementation study was used to explore the details of both practical management and the underlying biological prin ... | 2017 | 27889125 |
| replacing alfalfa hay with dry corn gluten feed and chinese wild rye grass: effects on rumen fermentation, rumen microbial protein synthesis, and lactation performance in lactating dairy cows. | this experiment was conducted to investigate nutrient digestibility, rumen microbial protein synthesis, and lactation performance when a portion of alfalfa was replaced with combinations of dry corn gluten feed (dcgf) and chinese wild rye grass in the diet of lactating cows. six multiparous and 3 primiparous chinese holsteins were arranged in a replicated 3 × 3 latin square experiment for 21-d periods. the animals were fed 1 of 3 treatment diets during each period: (1) 0% dcgf (0dcgf); (2) 6.5% ... | 2017 | 28215882 |
| asparagus decline: autotoxicity and autotoxic compounds in asparagus rhizomes. | asparagus (asparagus officinalis l.) is a perennial vegetable, but its crop productivity and quality decrease gradually. one possible reason for "asparagus decline" is thought to be the autotoxicity of asparagus. however, the autotoxic property of asparagus rhizomes remains unknown. the objective of this study was to determine the potential role of rhizomes in the autotoxicity of asparagus. an aqueous methanol extract of asparagus rhizomes inhibited the growth of asparagus seedlings and six othe ... | 2017 | 28314158 |
| chromium concentrations in ruminant feed ingredients. | chromium (cr), in the form of cr propionate, has been permitted for supplementation to cattle diets in the united states at levels up to 0.50 mg of cr/kg of dm since 2009. little is known regarding cr concentrations naturally present in practical feed ingredients. the present study was conducted to determine cr concentrations in feed ingredients commonly fed to ruminants. feed ingredients were collected from dairy farms, feed mills, grain bins, and university research farms. mean cr concentratio ... | 2017 | 28237600 |
| residual soil nitrate content and profitability of five cropping systems in northwest iowa. | many communities in the midwestern united states obtain their drinking water from shallow alluvial wells that are vulnerable to contamination by no3-n from the surrounding agricultural landscape. the objective of this research was to assess cropping systems with the potential to produce a reasonable return for farmers while simultaneously reducing the risk of no3-n movement into these shallow aquifers. from 2009 to 2013 we conducted a field experiment in northwest iowa in which we evaluated five ... | 2017 | 28248976 |
| effects of different forage sources as a free-choice provision on the performance, nutrient digestibility, selected blood metabolites and structural growth of holstein dairy calves. | the objective of this study was to determine the effects of different forage sources on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites of dairy calves. individually housed calves (n = 40; body weight = 41.2 ± 3.5 kg) were randomly allocated (n = 10 calves per treatment: five males and five females) to one of the following four treatments: (i) starter without forage provision (con), (ii) starter plus chopped alfalfa hay (ah), (iii) starter plus chopped wheat straw (ws) and 4 ... | 2017 | 27277573 |
| is meat quality of forage-fed steers comparable to the meat quality of conventional beef from concentrate-fed bulls? | replacing concentrates with forages in the diet of finishing cattle to satisfy societal demands and for economic reasons is a target for beef farmers, but this change may affect meat acceptance. in the mediterranean area, young bulls are usually finished on concentrates (conventional beef). alternatively, steers can be finished on grass with supplements (g-supp); however, if carcasses are too lean, meat quality may be negatively affected. to increase fat deposition, grazing steers were finished ... | 2017 | 28397330 |
| influence of forage source and forage inclusion level on growth performance, feeding behavior, and carcass characteristics in finishing steers. | two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of forage source (exp. 1) and forage inclusion level (exp. 2) in finishing diets on growth performance and feeding behavior. in exp. 1, sixty-four steers (394 ± 3.6 kg bw) were allotted by bw to 3 pens. within each pen, steers were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 dietary treatments containing different forage sources: 1) alfalfa hay, 2) corn silage, 3) wheat straw, and 4) corn stover. alfalfa hay was provided at 10% of the diet dm and the other ... | 2017 | 28380528 |
| effect of undigested neutral detergent fiber content of alfalfa hay on lactating dairy cows: feeding behavior, fiber digestibility, and lactation performance. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 alfalfa hays differing in undigested neutral detergent fiber content and digestibility used as the main forage source in diets fed to high producing cows for parmigiano-reggiano cheese production. diets were designed to have 2 different amounts of undigestible ndf [high (hu) and low (lu)], as determined by 240-h in vitro analysis (undf240). alfalfa hay in vitro digestibility [% of amylase- and sodium sulfite-treated ndf with ash cor ... | 2017 | 28342598 |
| the functional analysis of distinct tospovirus movement proteins (nsm) reveals different capabilities in tubule formation, cell-to-cell and systemic virus movement among the tospovirus species. | the lack of infectious tospovirus clones to address reverse genetic experiments has compromised the functional analysis of viral proteins. in the present study we have performed a functional analysis of the movement proteins (nsm) of four tospovirus species bean necrotic mosaic virus (benmv), chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (csnv), tomato chlorotic spot virus (tcsv) and tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), which differ biologically and molecularly, by using the alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) model sy ... | 2017 | 27697453 |
| the coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus interacts and interferes with the transcriptional activity of the bhlh transcription factor ilr3 promoting salicylic acid-dependent defence signalling response. | during virus infection, specific viral component-host factor interaction elicits the transcriptional reprogramming of diverse cellular pathways. alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) can establish a compatible interaction in tobacco and arabidopsis hosts. we show that the coat protein (cp) of amv interacts directly with transcription factor (tf) ilr3 of both species. ilr3 is a basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) family member of tfs, previously proposed to participate in diverse metabolic pathways. ilr3 has been ... | 2017 | 26929142 |
| genome sequence of the symbiotic type strain rhizobium tibeticum ccbau85039t. | rhizobium tibeticum was originally isolated from root nodules of trigonella archiducis-nicolai grown in tibet, china. this species is also able to nodulate medicago sativa and phaseolus vulgaris the whole-genome sequence of the type strain, r. tibeticum ccbau85039(t), is reported in this study. | 2017 | 28126941 |
| differential attachment of salmonella enterica and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli to alfalfa, fenugreek, lettuce, and tomato seeds. | vegetable seeds have the potential to disseminate and transmit foodborne bacterial pathogens. this study was undertaken to assess the abilities of selected salmonella and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) strains to attach to fungicide-treated versus untreated, and intact versus mechanically damaged, seeds of alfalfa, fenugreek, lettuce, and tomato. surface-sanitized seeds (2 g) were exposed to four individual strains of salmonella or ehec at 20°c for 5 h. contaminated seeds were rinsed ... | 2017 | 28130295 |
| colorimetric and electrochemical bacteria detection using printed paper- and transparency-based analytic devices. | the development of transparency-based electrochemical and paper-based colorimetric analytic detection platforms is presented as complementary methods for food and waterborne bacteria detection from a single assay. escherichia coli and enterococcus species, both indicators of fecal contamination, were detected using substrates specific to enzymes produced by each species. β-galactosidase (β-gal) and β-glucuronidase (β-glucur) are both produced by e. coli, while β-glucosidase (β-gluco) is produced ... | 2017 | 28225595 |
| identification of bean hydroxycinnamoyl-coa:tetrahydroxyhexanedioate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (hhht): use of transgenic alfalfa to determine acceptor substrate specificity. | transgenic alfalfa ( medicago sativa l.) provides a useful reverse genetics platform to elucidate acceptor substrate specificity for uncharacterized bahd family hydroxycinnamoyl-coa hydroxycinnamoyl transferases. tissues of many plant species accumulate hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives, often esters, thought to serve in protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. in many cases, these specialized metabolites are produced by bahd family hydroxycinnamoyl-coa hydroxycinnamoyl transferases (hcts). be ... | 2017 | 27807616 |
| dynamics of microbial community during ensiling direct-cut alfalfa with and without lab inoculant and sugar. | to gain deeper insights into the clostridial community dynamics and chemical transformations during the ensiling of alfalfa. | 2017 | 28370869 |
| population and function analysis of cultivable bacteria associated with spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus gigaspora margarita. | this study was aimed to investigate the diversity and function of bacterial population associated with gigaspora margarita spores. the fungus was propagated in sterilized sand/soil pots using alfalfa (medicago sativa), grain sorghum (sorghum bicolor), or maize (zea mays) as host plants, or in sterilized vermiculite pots using alfalfa as host plants, respectively. bacteria were isolated from the new-formed spores using diluted plate method, and typical bacterial isolates were identified according ... | 2017 | 28391471 |
| the effect of dietary chlorella vulgaris supplementation on micro-organism community, enzyme activities and fatty acid profile in the rumen liquid of goats. | microalgae might be considered as an alternative source of fat and/or protein for ruminant's diets. however, changes in populations of ruminal micro-organisms associated with biohydrogenation process, methane and ammonia production in response to microalgae dietary supplementation have not been well characterized. thus, 16 cross-bred goats were divided into two groups. each goat of both groups was fed individually with alfalfa hay and concentrates separately. the concentrates of the control grou ... | 2017 | 27184296 |
| the effects of bean leafroll virus on life history traits and host selection behavior of specialized pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum, hemiptera: aphididae) genotypes. | intraspecific specialization by insect herbivores on different host plant species contributes to the formation of genetically distinct "host races," but the effects of plant virus infection on interactions between specialized herbivores and their host plants have barely been investigated. using three genetically and phenotypically divergent pea aphid clones (acyrthosiphon pisum l.) adapted to either pea (pisum sativum l.) or alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), we tested how infection of these hosts by ... | 2017 | 28062535 |
| effects of microbial enzymes on starch and hemicellulose degradation in total mixed ration silages. | this study investigated the association of enzyme-producing microbes and their enzymes with starch and hemicellulose degradation during fermentation of total mixed ration (tmr) silage. | 2017 | 27165015 |
| a putative 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-coa hydrolase is required for efficient symbiotic nitrogen fixation in sinorhizobium meliloti and sinorhizobium fredii ngr234. | we report that the smb20752 gene of the alfalfa symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti is a novel symbiotic gene required for full n2 -fixation. deletion of smb20752 resulted in lower nitrogenase activity and smaller nodules without impacting overall nodule morphology. orthologs of smb20752 were present in all alpha and beta rhizobia, including the ngr_b20860 gene of sinorhizobium fredii ngr234. a ngr_b20860 mutant formed fix(-) determinate nodules that developed normally to a late stage of the symbios ... | 2017 | 27727485 |
| rhizobial symbiosis alleviates polychlorinated biphenyls-induced systematic oxidative stress via brassinosteroids signaling in alfalfa. | the role of symbiotic rhizobia in the alleviation of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-induced phytotoxicity in alfalfa and the brassinosteroid (br) hormone signaling involved were investigated during phytoremediation. the association between alfalfa and sinorhizobium meliloti was adopted as a remediation model. phytotoxicity due to pcb 77 (3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl) exerted adverse impacts on plant performance (biomass accumulation and photosynthesis) and elicited cellular oxidative stress (ov ... | 2017 | 28314132 |
| isolation and characterization of yeasts from fermented apple bagasse as additives for ruminant feeding. | solid-state fermentation can be used to produce feeds for ruminants, which can provide an enriched population of yeasts to improve ruminal fermentation. fermentation of apple bagasse was performed to obtain a yeast-rich product, with the objective of isolating, identifying, and characterizing yeast strains and testing their capability to enhance in vitro ruminal fermentation of fibrous feeds. yeasts were isolated from apple bagasse fermented under in vitro conditions, using rumen liquor obtained ... | 2017 | 27520528 |
| can by-products replace conventional ingredients in concentrate of dairy goat diet? | intensive dairy goat production in the mediterranean basin is based on imported conventional ingredients to be included in concentrates. fourteen murciano-granadina goats in the middle of the third lactation were allocated into 2 groups of 7 animals each fed, respectively, a control diet based on alfalfa hay and concentrate in a 40:60 ratio, and a diet in which the concentrate included tomato fruits, citrus pulp, brewer's grain and brewer's yeast (t100cby) to study the effect of diet on nutrient ... | 2017 | 28342612 |
| regulation of polyhydroxybutyrate accumulation in sinorhizobium meliloti by the trans-encoded small rna mmgr. | riboregulation has a major role in the fine-tuning of multiple bacterial processes. among the rna players, trans-encoded untranslated small rnas (srnas) regulate complex metabolic networks by tuning expression from multiple target genes in response to numerous signals. in sinorhizobium meliloti, over 400 srnas are expressed under different stimuli. the srna mmgr (standing for makes more granules regulator) has been of particular interest to us since its sequence and structure are highly conserve ... | 2017 | 28167519 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti chemotaxis to quaternary ammonium compounds is mediated by the chemoreceptor mcpx. | the bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti is attracted to seed exudates of its host plant alfalfa (medicago sativa). since quaternary ammonium compounds (qacs) are exuded by germinating seeds, we assayed chemotaxis of s. meliloti towards betonicine, choline, glycine betaine, stachydrine and trigonelline. the wild type displayed a positive response to all qacs. using lc-ms, we determined that each germinating alfalfa seed exuded qacs in the nanogram range. compared to the closely related nonhost speci ... | 2017 | 27748981 |
| meta-analysis of effects of inoculation with homofermentative and facultative heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, and the performance of dairy cows. | forages are usually inoculated with homofermentative and facultative heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (lab) to enhance lactic acid fermentation of forages, but effects of such inoculants on silage quality and the performance of dairy cows are unclear. therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effects of lab inoculation on silage quality and preservation and the performance of dairy cows. a second objective was to examine the factors affecting the response to silage inoculatio ... | 2017 | 28342607 |
| interactive effect of inoculant and dried jujube powder on the fermentation quality and nitrogen fraction of alfalfa silage. | the interactive effect of inoculants and dried jujube powder (djp) on the fermentation and nitrogen fraction (pa, pb1, pb2, pb3 and pc fractions) of alfalfa silage was investigated. three of the lactobacillus plantarum inoculants (lp1, lp2 or lp3) were used. the djp was added at rates of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15% of the whole fresh forage. the combination of djp and inoculants decreased the ph value and ammonia nitrogen content and increased the pc portion. as the djp ratio increased, there was a pe ... | 2017 | 27611989 |
| effects of chlorpyrifos and chlorantraniliprole on fermentation quality of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) silage inoculated with or without lactobacillus plantarum lp. | the effects of pesticides and lactobacillus plantarum (lp) on fermentation quality of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) silage were investigated. chlorpyrifos and chlorantraniliprole were sprayed on the surface of alfalfa plants at 658.6 and 45.0 g active ingredient/ha, respectively. alfalfa plants were harvested on day 5 post-application and ensiled with or without lp. chlorpyrifos and chlorantraniliprole decreased the yeast count of alfalfa material (p < 0.05). both pesticides increased the butyric ... | 2017 | 27346034 |
| lucerne transient streak virus; a recently detected virus infecting alfafa (medicago sativa) in central saudi arabia. | a survey was conducted to determine the status of lucerne transient streak virus (ltsv) in three high-yielding alfalfa regions in central saudi arabia (riyadh, qassim, and hail) during 2014. three hundred and eight symptomatic alfalfa, and seven sonchus oleraceus samples were collected. das-elisa indicated that 59 of these samples were positive to ltsv. two isolates of ltsv from each region were selected for molecular studies. rt-pcr confirmed the presence of ltsv in the selected samples using a ... | 2017 | 28167887 |
| the effects of pantoea sp. strain y4-4 on alfalfa in the remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil, and auxiliary impacts of plant residues on the remediation of saline-alkali soils. | the plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium (pgpr) y4-4 was isolated from plant rhizosphere soil and identified as pantoea sp. by 16s rrna sequence analysis. the effects of strain y4-4 on alfalfa grown in heavy-metals-contaminated soil was investigated using a pot experiment. in a cu-rich environment, the shoot dry mass and total dry mass of plants inoculated with strain y4-4 increased by 22.6% and 21%, and cu accumulation increased by 15%. in a pb-zn-rich environment, the shoot dry mass and total ... | 2017 | 28177799 |
| isolation and characterization of rhizobium sp. strain ys-1r that degrades lignin in plant biomass. | the aim of this work was to isolate novel lignin-degrading organisms. | 2017 | 28092137 |
| cohnella lubricantis sp. nov., isolated from a coolant lubricant solution. | a gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-endospore-forming organism, isolated from a coolant lubricant solution was studied for its taxonomic position. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain kss-154-50t was grouped into the genus cohnella, most closely related to cohnella formosensiscc-alfalfa-35t (97.3 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity), cohnella rhizosphaerae cse-5610t (97.1 %) and cohnella nanjingensis d45t (97.0 %); the 16s rrna gene sequence similarity to other s ... | 2017 | 27902352 |