| replacing alfalfa silage with corn silage in dairy cow diets: effects on enteric methane production, ruminal fermentation, digestion, n balance, and milk production. | the objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing alfalfa silage (as) with corn silage (cs) in dairy cow total mixed rations (tmr) on enteric ch4 emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, apparent total-tract digestibility, n balance, and milk production. nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3×3 latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a tmr [forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40; dry matter (dm) basis], with the forage portion c ... | 2013 | 23684039 |
| effects of crude glycerin in steam-flaked corn-based diets fed to growing feedlot cattle. | crude glycerin is a by-product of biodiesel production and has recently become more available as a livestock feed with the growth of the biofuel industry. two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of crude glycerin (gly) as a feed ingredient in steam-flaked corn (sfc)-based growing diets fed to beef cattle. in exp. 1, crossbred steers (n = 50; initial bw = 282 ± 2 kg) were used to determine the effects of gly when included at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% of dm in a growing diet on cattle per ... | 2013 | 23658347 |
| estimating net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs to u.s. watersheds: comparison of methodologies. | the net anthropogenic nitrogen input (nani) approach is a simple quasi-mass-balance that estimates the human-induced nitrogen inputs to a watershed. across a wide range of watersheds, nani has been shown to be a good predictor of riverine nitrogen export. in this paper, we review various methodologies proposed for nani estimation since its first introduction and evaluate alternative calculations suggested by previous literature. our work is the first study in which a consistent nani calculation ... | 2013 | 23631661 |
| effect of feeding extruded flaxseed with different forage: concentrate ratios on the performance of dairy cows. | twenty holstein cows were used in a latin square design experiment with a 2×2 factorial arrangement to determine the effects of extruded flaxseed (ef) supplementation with 2 different forage to concentrate ratios on the performance of dairy cows. extruded flaxseed diets contained 9% (dry matter basis) ef product which consisted of 75% ef and 25% ground alfalfa meal. four lactating holsteins cows fitted with rumen fistulae were used to determine the effects of dietary treatments on ruminal fermen ... | 2013 | 23608490 |
| effect of feeding selenium-fertilized alfalfa hay on performance of weaned beef calves. | selenium (se) is an essential micronutrient in cattle, and se-deficiency can affect morbidity and mortality. calves may have greater se requirements during periods of stress, such as during the transitional period between weaning and movement to a feedlot. previously, we showed that feeding se-fertilized forage increases whole-blood (wb) se concentrations in mature beef cows. our current objective was to test whether feeding se-fertilized forage increases wb-se concentrations and performance in ... | 2013 | 23536788 |
| effects of feeding algal meal high in docosahexaenoic acid on feed intake, milk production, and methane emissions in dairy cows. | this study examined effects on milk yield and composition, milk fatty acid concentrations and methane (ch4) emissions when dairy cows were offered diets containing different amounts of algal meal. the algal meal contained 20% docosahexaenoic acid (dha) and cows were offered either 0, 125, 250, or 375 g/cow per d of algal meal corresponding to 0, 25, 50, or 75 g of dha/cow per d. thirty-two holstein cows in mid lactation were allocated to 4 treatment groups, and cows in all groups were individual ... | 2013 | 23498011 |
| relationships between residual feed intake, average daily gain, and feeding behavior in growing dairy heifers. | residual feed intake (rfi) is a measure of an individual's efficiency in utilizing feed for maintenance and production during growth or lactation, and is defined as the difference between the actual and predicted feed intake of that individual. the objective of this study was to relate rfi to feeding behavior and to identify behavioral differences between animals with divergent rfi. the intakes and body weight (bw) of 1,049 growing dairy heifers (aged 5-9 mo; 195 ± 25.8 kg of bw) in 5 cohorts we ... | 2013 | 23489775 |
| effects of bovine somatotropin administration on growth, physiological, and reproductive responses of replacement beef heifers. | this experiment compared growth, body composition, plasma igf-i and leptin, and reproductive development of beef heifers receiving or not recombinant bovine st (bst) beginning after weaning until the first breeding season. fifty angus × hereford heifers (initial bw = 219 ± 2 kg; initial age = 208 ± 2 d), weaned at approximately 6 mo of age, were assigned to the experiment (d 0 to 210). on d 0, heifers were ranked by initial bw and age and assigned to 1) treatment with bst or 2) saline control. h ... | 2013 | 23478831 |
| in situ protein degradation of alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil hays and silages as influenced by condensed tannin concentration. | dairy cattle often make poor use of protein when offered diets comprising high proportions of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) hay or silage because nonprotein n formed during forage conservation and ruminal fermentation exceeds requirements for rumen microbial protein synthesis; however, condensed tannins (ct) may reduce proteolysis in the silo and in the rumen, thereby potentially improving the efficiency of crude protein (cp) use in ruminant diets. two harvests, yielding 12 hays and 12 silages ma ... | 2013 | 23477815 |
| effects of feeding lauric acid on ruminal protozoa numbers, fermentation, and digestion and on milk production in dairy cows. | the objectives of this study were 1) to determine the level of lauric acid (la) addition to the diet necessary to effectively suppress ruminal protozoa (rp) to the extent observed when a single dose was given directly into the rumen, 2) to assess la effects on production and ruminal metabolism, and 3) to determine the time needed for rp to reestablish themselves after la is withdrawn from the diet of lactating dairy cows. in exp. 1, 2 holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulae were used in a spl ... | 2013 | 23463566 |
| effect of replacing soybean meal protein with protein from upland cottonseed, pima cottonseed, or extruded pima cottonseed on production of lactating dairy cows. | pima cotton production is increasing in the united states, but pima cottonseed generally contains higher concentrations of the antinutritive pigment gossypol than conventional upland cottonseed. heating promotes the reaction of gossypol with protein, reducing gossypol absorption and toxicity. the objective of this study was to assess the nutritional value for dairy cattle of pima cottonseed cake (pcsc) that was heated and oil largely removed by an experimental extrusion process, compared with up ... | 2013 | 23462167 |
| potential of chlorophyll-rich feed ingredients to improve detection of fecal contamination in the abattoir. | the use of fecal fluorescence to improve detection of contamination of carcasses in the abattoir was previously reported. however, incidents of false negatives can result when animals are offered diets that contain little chlorophyll (e.g., concentrate). here, we investigated the potential of incorporating a high-chlorophyll-containing feed ingredient (concentrated alfalfa extract; cae) into the diets of sheep and cattle to improve fecal fluorescence intensity. the sheep experiment evaluated the ... | 2013 | 23462091 |
| severe feed restriction increases permeability of mammary gland cell tight junctions and reduces ethanol stability of milk. | a total of twelve lactating jersey cows were used in a 5-week experiment to determine the effects of severe feed restriction on the permeability of mammary gland cell tight junctions (tjs) and its effects on milk stability to the alcohol test. during the first 2 weeks, cows were managed and fed together and received the same diet according to their nutritional requirements (full diet: 15 kg of sugar cane silage; 5.8 kg of alfalfa hay; 0.16 kg of mineral salt and 6.2 kg of concentrate). in the 3r ... | 2013 | 23414830 |
| cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid is endogenously synthesized from palmitelaidic (c16:1 trans-9) acid in bovine adipocytes. | palmitelaidic (c16:1 trans-9) acid has been suggested to have beneficial effects on human health, including reduced adiposity. objectives of this research were to quantify the amounts of palmitelaidic acid in beef samples and determine the effect of palmitelaidic acid supplementation on lipogenesis in bovine preadipocytes and adipocytes in vitro. for the first objective, palmitelaidic acid content of lm samples from steers finished on forage or concentrate systems was determined. palmitelaidic a ... | 2013 | 23408826 |
| effects of nitrate adaptation by rumen inocula donors and substrate fiber proportion on in vitro nitrate disappearance, methanogenesis, and rumen fermentation acid. | a study was conducted to evaluate the main effects of dietary nitrate adaptation by cattle and alfalfa cell wall to starch ratio in in vitro substrates on nitrate disappearance and nitrite and volatile fatty acid (vfa) concentrations, as well as hydrogen (h2) and methane (ch4) accumulations. rumen fluid from steers fed diets containing urea or nitrate was added into in vitro incubations containing sodium nitrate as the sole nitrogen source and 20 cell wall : 80 starch or 80 cell wall : 20 starch ... | 2013 | 23391259 |
| fatal wedelia glauca intoxication in calves following natural exposure. | a group of 342 beef calves, corralled in the patagonia region of argentina, were fed alfalfa hay that had been inadvertently contaminated with wedelia glauca. a total of 147 (43%) calves died within 4 days. pathologic findings in 2 calves were diffuse centrilobular hepatic necrosis and hemorrhage with edema in the gallbladder, common bile duct, and choledochoduodenal junction. epidermal fragments of w. glauca were identified in rumen contents by microscopy. intact w. glauca plants and leaf fragm ... | 2013 | 23355516 |
| effects of forage species or concentrate finishing on animal performance, carcass and meat quality. | angus-cross steers (n = 128; initial bw = 270 ± 3.8 kg) were used in a 3-yr study to assess effects of forage species grazed before slaughter versus concentrate finishing on carcass and meat quality. at the completion of the stockering phase, steers were randomly allotted to mixed pasture (mp; n = 36/yr) or corn-silage concentrate (con; n = 12/yr) finishing treatments. at 40 d before harvest, mp steers were randomly divided into 3 forage species treatments: alfalfa (al), pearl millet (pm), or mi ... | 2013 | 23345568 |
| effects of dietary forage sources on rumen microbial protein synthesis and milk performance in early lactating dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary forage sources on milk performance, rumen microbial protein synthesis, and n utilization in early lactation dairy cows. twelve primiparous chinese holstein dairy cows (45 ± 6.0 dim) were used in a 3 × 3 latin square design. diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric, with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 45:55 [dry matter (dm) basis] and contained similar concentrate mixtures. different forage sources were then added (on a dm basis ... | 2013 | 23295118 |
| biodiversity and composition of methanogenic populations in the rumen of cows fed alfalfa hay or triticale straw. | it is clear that methanogens are responsible for ruminal methane emissions, but quantitative information about the composition of the methanogenic community in the bovine rumen is still limited. the diversity and composition of rumen methanogens in cows fed either alfalfa hay or triticale straw were examined using a full-cycle rrna approach. quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization undertaken applying oligonucleotide probes designed here identified five major methanogenic populations or g ... | 2013 | 23278338 |
| effects of different strategies for feeding supplements on milk production responses in cows grazing a restricted pasture allowance. | milk production responses of grazing cows offered supplements in different ways were measured. holstein-friesian cows, averaging 227 d in milk, were allocated into 6 groups of 36, with 2 groups randomly assigned to each of 3 feeding strategies: (1) cows grazed perennial ryegrass pasture supplemented with milled barley grain fed in the milking parlor and pasture silage offered in the paddock (control); (2) same pasture and allotment supplemented with the same amounts of milled barley grain and pa ... | 2013 | 23219117 |
| grain source and marginal changes in forage particle size modulate digestive processes and nutrient intake of dairy cows. | this study investigated the effects of, and interactions between, dietary grain source and marginal changes in alfalfa hay (ah) particle size (ps) on digestive processes of dairy cows. a total of eight holstein dairy cows (175 days in milk) were allocated in a replicated 4 × 4 latin square design with four 21-day periods. the experiment was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of theoretical ps of ah (fine = 15 mm or long = 30 mm) each combined with two different sources of cereal grain ... | 2012 | 23217227 |
| effects of feeding brown midrib corn silage with a high dietary concentration of alfalfa hay on lactational performance of holstein dairy cows for the first 180 days of lactation. | this experiment was conducted to test a hypothesis that lactating dairy cows fed 35% brown midrib (bmr) corn silage and 25% alfalfa hay (dry matter (dm) basis) would consume more dm around peak lactation compared with those fed conventional corn silage (cs), resulting in longer peak milk production. twenty-eight multiparous holstein cows were used starting at the onset of lactation through 180 d in milk (dim). treatments were formulated to maintain a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 60:40, differi ... | 2013 | 23182359 |
| replacing alfalfa or red clover silage with birdsfoot trefoil silage in total mixed rations increases production of lactating dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to compare milk production and nutrient utilization in dairy cattle fed silage made from alfalfa (al) or red clover (rc) versus birdsfoot trefoil (bft) selected for low, normal, and high levels of condensed tannins. condensed tannin contents of the 3 bft silages were 8, 12, and 16 g/kg of dm by butanol-hcl assay. twenty-five multiparous holstein cows (5 fitted with ruminal cannulas) were blocked by days in milk and randomly assigned within blocks to incomplete 5×5 ... | 2013 | 23141831 |
| energy partitioning in herbage-fed dairy cows offered supplementary grain during an extended lactation. | an experiment was conducted to quantify the changes in energy partitioning resulting from grain supplementation in herbage-fed dairy cows at 4 stages during a 670-d lactation. the experiment used 16 lactating holstein-friesian cows, with a control and a grain treatment being randomly allocated to 8 cows each. during 4 measurement periods (each of 4d in a metabolism stall and 3d in an indirect calorimeter) beginning at approximately 110, 270, 450, and 560 d in milk (dim), the energy balance of ea ... | 2013 | 23141822 |
| effects of lauric acid on ruminal protozoal numbers and fermentation pattern and milk production in lactating dairy cows. | the objectives of this study were to evaluate lauric acid (la) as a practical ruminal protozoa-suppressing agent and assess effects of protozoal suppression on fermentation patterns and milk production in dairy cows. in a pilot study, 6 lactating holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulae were used in a randomized complete-block design trial. cows were fed a basal total mixed ration (tmr) containing (dm basis) 15% alfalfa silage, 40% corn silage, 30% rolled high moisture shelled corn, and 14% so ... | 2013 | 23097406 |
| increasing cropping system diversity balances productivity, profitability and environmental health. | balancing productivity, profitability, and environmental health is a key challenge for agricultural sustainability. most crop production systems in the united states are characterized by low species and management diversity, high use of fossil energy and agrichemicals, and large negative impacts on the environment. we hypothesized that cropping system diversification would promote ecosystem services that would supplement, and eventually displace, synthetic external inputs used to maintain crop p ... | 2012 | 23071739 |
| in-depth study of the protein molecular structures of different types of dried distillers grains with solubles and their relationship to digestive characteristics. | dried distillers grains with solubles (ddgs) have been extensively utilised in ruminant rations in western canada and usa, and it is important to ensure their consistent quality. traditional chemical methods do not consider the inherent structural changes of feed ingredients. synchrotron-based fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (sftirm) and diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (drift) have been utilised to detect the changes in molecular structure of several feed ... | 2013 | 23044897 |
| effects of feeding wheat straw or orchardgrass at ad libitum or restricted intake during the dry period on postpartum performance and lipid metabolism. | the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of forage source [wheat straw (ws) or orchardgrass hay (og)] and total amount of diet dry matter fed [ad libitum or restricted to 70% of predicted dry matter intake (dmi)] prepartum on postpartum performance. the study design was a 2×2 factorial design with 10 cows per treatment. treatments were ws total mixed ration (tmr) ad libitum, og tmr ad libitum, ws tmr restricted, and og tmr restricted. the ws tmr (dry matter basis) contained 3 ... | 2012 | 23040018 |
| effect of harvest time and physical form of alfalfa silage on chewing time and particle size distribution in boli, rumen content and faeces. | the study examined the effects of physical form and harvest time of alfalfa silage on eating and ruminating activity and particle size distribution in feed boli, rumen content and faeces in dry cows. the alfalfa crop was harvested at two stages of growth (early: ndf 37%, late: ndf 44% in dry matter (dm)), and from each harvest, a chopped (theoretical cutting length: 19 mm) and an unchopped crop was ensiled in bales. the silages were fed restrictively to four rumen cannulated non-lactating jersey ... | 2013 | 23031620 |
| brown midrib corn silage fed during the peripartal period increased intake and resulted in a persistent increase in milk solids yield of holstein cows. | the objective of this study was to evaluate transition cow performance when brown midrib corn silage (bmrcs; mycogen f2f444) was included in the diet during the transition period, and to determine if any production response occurring during the first 3 wk of lactation would persist from wk 4 to 15 when a common diet was fed. seventy holstein dairy cows were blocked by parity (either second or third and greater) and calving date and randomly assigned to the ccs (a mixture of varieties of conventi ... | 2012 | 22959939 |
| effects of glucogenic and ketogenic feeding strategies on splanchnic glucose and amino acid metabolism in postpartum transition holstein cows. | nine periparturient holstein cows catheterized in major splanchnic vessels were used in a complete randomized design with repeated measurements to investigate effects of glucogenic and ketogenic feeding strategies on splanchnic metabolism of glucose and amino acids. at parturition, cows were assigned to 1 of 3 feeding strategies: a glucogenic diet (glcg) based on sodium hydroxide treated wheat grain (56.5% of diet dry matter); a ketogenic diet (keto) based on fodder beets (40.5% of diet dry matt ... | 2012 | 22921630 |
| effects of wet corn gluten feed on ruminal ph and productivity of lactating dairy cattle fed diets with sufficient physically effective fiber. | wet corn gluten feed (wcgf), a byproduct of the wet-milling industry, is commonly substituted in lactating dairy rations for both forages and concentrates. previous research has shown that increasing wcgf in the diet decreased ruminal ph, likely due in part to decreasing particle size as forage inclusion rate decreased. the objective of this study was to maintain at least 10% of ration particles >19 mm in length across diets while increasing wcgf inclusion in the diet. we hypothesized that as wc ... | 2012 | 22916927 |
| using eastern gamagrass to construct diets that limit intake and caloric density for dairy replacement heifers. | previous research has shown that eastern gamagrass (egg; tripsacum dactyloides l.) will survive winter climatic conditions common throughout central wisconsin, and will produce yields of dry matter (dm) ranging approximately from 7,000 to 10,000 kg/ha annually when managed with a 1-cut harvest system. the objective of this research was to determine whether the fibrous nature of this perennial warm-season grass could be effective in reducing the caloric density and dmi of corn silage/alfalfa hayl ... | 2012 | 22901472 |
| rumen-protected lysine, methionine, and histidine increase milk protein yield in dairy cows fed a metabolizable protein-deficient diet. | the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of supplementing a metabolizable protein (mp)-deficient diet with rumen-protected (rp) lys, met, and specifically his on dairy cow performance. the experiment was conducted for 12 wk with 48 holstein cows. following a 2-wk covariate period, cows were blocked by dim and milk yield and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets, based on corn silage and alfalfa haylage: control, mp-adequate diet (admp; mp balance: +9 g/d); mp-deficient diet (dmp; ... | 2012 | 22863104 |
| effects of twenty-four hour transport or twenty-four hour feed and water deprivation on physiologic and performance responses of feeder cattle. | the objective of this study was to compare the effects of 24-h road transport or 24-h feed and water deprivation on acute-phase and performance responses of feeder cattle. angus × hereford steers (n = 30) and heifers (n = 15) were ranked by gender and bw (217 ± 3 kg initial bw; 185 ± 2 d initial age) and randomly assigned to 15 pens on d -12 of the experiment (3 animals/pen; 2 steers and 1 heifer). cattle were fed alfalfa-grass hay ad libitum and 2.3 kg/animal daily (dm basis) of a corn-based co ... | 2012 | 22851237 |
| lactation performance and digestibility of forages and diets in dairy cows fed a hemicellulose extract. | inclusion of hemicellulose extract (he) in cattle diets have shown potential for improving fiber digestibility and production efficiency. the objective of this research was to evaluate production and digestibility effects of a he on midlactation cows. twelve multiparous holstein cows (142 ± 44 d in milk, 685 ± 19 kg of body weight) including 4 with ruminal fistula were used in a 2 × 2 latin square design with 21-d periods. cows were fed a control (con) diet containing 55% forage [dry matter (dm) ... | 2012 | 22612968 |
| rates of particle size reduction and passage are faster for legume compared with cool-season grass, resulting in lower rumen fill and less effective fiber. | effects of forage family on rates of particle size reduction in, and passage from, the rumen and the relationship of these effects with preliminary dry matter intake (pdmi) were evaluated using 13 ruminally and duodenally cannulated holstein cows in a crossover design with a 14-d preliminary period and two 18-d treatment periods. during the preliminary period, pdmi of individual cows ranged from 19.6 to 29.5 kg/d (mean = 25.9 kg/d). experimental treatments were diets containing either a) alfalfa ... | 2012 | 22612962 |
| nutrient demand interacts with forage family to affect digestion responses in dairy cows. | effects of forage family on dry matter intake (dmi), milk production, ruminal pool sizes, digestion and passage kinetics, and chewing activity and the relationship of these effects with preliminary dmi (pdmi), an index of nutrient demand, were evaluated using 13 ruminally and duodenally cannulated holstein cows in a crossover design with a 14-d preliminary period and two 18-d treatment periods. during the preliminary period, pdmi of individual cows ranged from 19.6 to 29.5 kg/d (mean=25.9 kg/d) ... | 2012 | 22612961 |
| forage proportion and particle length affects the supply of amino acids in lactating dairy cows. | this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary factors that alter ruminal fermentability on intake, duodenal flows and intestinal digestibility of individual amino acids (aa) in lactating dairy cows. the experiment was designed as a 4×4 latin square using 4 ruminally and duodenally cannulated lactating dairy cows. treatments were arranged in a 2×2 factorial design; 2 forage particle lengths (fpl) of alfalfa silage (short and long) were combined with low (35:65) and high (60:40) fora ... | 2012 | 22541497 |
| nutrient demand interacts with legume maturity to affect rumen pool sizes in dairy cows. | effects of legume maturity on dry matter intake (dmi), milk production, ruminal fermentation and pool sizes, and digestion and passage kinetics, and the relationship of these effects with preliminary dmi (pdmi) were evaluated using 16 ruminally and duodenally cannulated holstein cows in a crossover design with a 14-d preliminary period and two 17-d treatment periods. during the preliminary period, the pdmi of individual cows ranged from 22.9 to 30.0 kg/d (mean=25.9 kg/d) and the 3.5% fat-correct ... | 2012 | 22541491 |
| nutrient demand interacts with legume particle length to affect digestion responses and rumen pool sizes in dairy cows. | effects of legume particle length on dry matter intake (dmi), milk production, ruminal fermentation and pool sizes, and digestion and passage kinetics, and the relationship of these effects with preliminary dmi (pdmi) were evaluated using 13 ruminally and duodenally cannulated holstein cows in a crossover design with a 14-d preliminary period and two 19-d treatment periods. during the preliminary period, pdmi of individual cows ranged from 22.8 to 32.4 kg/d (mean=26.5 kg/d) and 3.5% fat-correcte ... | 2012 | 22541490 |
| use of a corn milling product in diets for dairy cows to alleviate milk fat depression. | various diet formulation strategies were evaluated to alleviate milk fat depression using a corn milling product (cmp) that contained approximately 28% crude protein, 34% neutral detergent fiber (ndf), and 12% starch (dry basis). the control diet comprised mostly corn silage, alfalfa silage, corn grain, and soybean meal and contained approximately 22% forage ndf (fndf), 28% total ndf, and 33% starch. another diet included 25% cmp that replaced corn grain and soybean meal and contained 27% starch ... | 2012 | 22459853 |
| effects of grain, fructose, and histidine on ruminal ph and fermentation products during an induced subacute acidosis protocol. | the effects of grain, fructose, and histidine on ruminal ph and fermentation products were studied in dairy cattle during an induced subacute acidosis protocol. thirty holstein heifers were randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups: (1) control (no grain); (2) grain [fed at a crushed triticale dry matter intake (dmi) of 1.2% of body weight (bw)]; (3) grain (0.8% of bw dmi)+fructose (0.4% of bw dmi); (4) grain (1.2% of bw dmi)+histidine (6 g/head); and (5) grain (0.8% of bw dmi)+fructose (0.4% of ... | 2012 | 22459843 |
| fenugreek (trigonella foenum-graecum l.) as an alternative forage for dairy cows. | fenugreek is a novel forage crop in canada that is generating interest as an alternative to alfalfa for dairy cows. to evaluate the value of fenugreek haylage relative to alfalfa haylage, six, second lactation holstein cows (56 ± 8 days in milk), which were fitted with rumen cannulas (10 cm i.d., bar diamond inc., parma, id, usa) were used in a replicated three × three latin square design with 18-day periods. diets consisting of 400 g/kg haylage, 100 g/kg barley silage and 500 g/kg concentrate o ... | 2011 | 22440282 |
| dairy cows' reproductive response to feeding level differs according to the reproductive stage and the breed. | reproductive performance has decreased over the last decades in many dairy systems. this study aimed at comparing the effects of a high- and a low-feeding level on reproductive stages (cyclicity, oestrus and fertility) of holstein and normande cows in a grass-based winter compact calving system. high-fed cows received a total mixed ration composed of 55% maize silage, 15% dehydrated alfalfa pellets and 30% concentrate in winter and 4 kg/day concentrate supply at grazing. low-fed cows only receiv ... | 2011 | 22439995 |
| phytochemical complementarities among endophyte-infected tall fescue, reed canarygrass, birdsfoot trefoil and alfalfa affect cattle foraging. | we determined whether plant diversity and sequence of plant ingestion affected foraging when cattle chose from plants that varied in concentrations of alkaloids, tannins and saponins. we hypothesized cattle that ate high-alkaloid grasses (endophyte-infected tall fescue (tf) or reed canarygrass (rcg)) would prefer forages high in tannins (birdsfoot trefoil, bft+) or saponins (alfalfa, alf+), because tannins and saponins can bind to alkaloids, presumably reducing their absorption. we further hypot ... | 2012 | 22436285 |
| effects of alfalfa silage storage structure and roasting corn on ruminal digestion and microbial cp synthesis in lactating dairy cows. | the objective of this experiment was to quantify the effects of unroasted or roasted ground-shelled corn (gsc), when fed with alfalfa ensiled in bag, bunker, or o2-limiting tower silos on ruminal digestion and microbial cp synthesis in lactating dairy cows. the roasted corn was heat-treated in a propane-fired roasting system. alfalfa was harvested as second cutting from fields with regrowth of the same maturity. a portion of each field was allotted to each silo. the diets with 3 × 2 factorial ar ... | 2012 | 22436279 |
| comparison of effects of dietary coconut oil and animal fat blend on lactational performance of holstein cows fed a high-starch diet. | dietary medium-chain fatty acids (c(8:0) through c(12:0)) are researched for their potential to reduce enteric methane emissions and to increase n utilization efficiency in ruminants. we aimed to 1) compare coconut oil (cno; ~60% medium-chain fatty acids) with a source of long-chain fatty acids (animal fat blend; afb) on lactational responses in a high-starch diet and 2) determine the effect of different dietary concentrations of cno on dry matter intake (dmi). in experiment 1, the control diet ... | 2012 | 22365230 |
| measuring residual feed intake in dairy heifers fed an alfalfa (medicago sativa) cube diet. | selection for divergence between individuals for efficiency of feed utilization (residual feed intake, rfi) has widespread application in the beef industry and is usually undertaken when animals are fed diets based on silages with grain. the objective of this research was to develop a feeding system (using gallagher, hamilton, new zealand, electronics) to measure rfi for growth in holstein-friesian heifers (aged 5-9 mo), and identify divergent individuals to be tested for rfi during lactation. a ... | 2012 | 22365228 |
| effect of supplementation of fish and canola oil in the diet on milk fatty acid composition in early lactating holstein cows. | this study examined the effects of supplementation of fish oil and canola oil in the diet on milk yield, milk components and fatty acid composition of holstein dairy cows in early lactation. eight multiparous early lactation holstein cows (42±12 dim, 40±6 kg daily milk yield) were fed a total mixed ration supplemented with either 0% oil (control), 2% fish oil (fo), 1% canola oil +1% fish oil (foco), or 2% canola oil (co) according to a double 4×4 latin square design. each period lasted 3 wk; exp ... | 2012 | 25049568 |
| fermentation, degradation and microbial nitrogen partitioning for three forage colour phenotypes within anthocyanidin-accumulating lc-alfalfa progeny. | alfalfa has the disadvantage of having a rapid initial rate of protein degradation, which results in pasture bloat, low efficiency of protein utilisation and excessive nitrogen (n) pollution into the environment for cattle. introducing a gene that stimulates the accumulation of monomeric/polymeric anthocyanidins might reduce the ruminal protein degradation rate (by fixing protein and/or direct interaction with microbes) and additionally reduce methane emission. the objectives of this study were ... | 2012 | 22337233 |
| ability of commercially available dairy ration programs to predict duodenal flows of protein and essential amino acids in dairy cows. | the objective of this analysis was to compare the rumen submodel predictions of 4 commonly used dairy ration programs to observed values of duodenal flows of crude protein (cp), protein fractions, and essential aa (eaa). the literature was searched and 40 studies, including 154 diets, were used to compare observed values with those predicted by aminocow (ac), agricultural modeling and training systems (amts), cornell-penn-miner (cpm), and national research council 2001 (nrc) models. the models w ... | 2012 | 22281359 |
| short communication: effects of feeding sweet sorghum silage on milk production of lactating dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine the feeding value of sweet sorghum silage (ss) for dairy cows compared with alfalfa silage (as). two diets were formulated with a 50:50 forage:concentrate ratio. sweet sorghum silage and as constituted 70% of the forage in each diet (dry matter basis). twelve lactating holstein cows in early lactation were used in a crossover experiment. relative to as, ss contained 58% more neutral detergent fiber and 36.6 and 72.7% less acid detergent lignin and cru ... | 2012 | 22281350 |
| effects of varying rates of tallgrass prairie hay and wet corn gluten feed on productivity of lactating dairy cows. | productivity of lactating dairy cows fed diets with wet corn gluten feed (wcgf, sweet bran, cargill inc., blair, ne) as the primary energy substrate and prairie hay as the primary source of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (pendf) was assessed relative to a control diet. forty-eight holstein cows, 100 to 250 d in milk, were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 pens and pens were randomly assigned to treatment sequence in a replicated 3×3 latin square. treatments were a control diet with 18% a ... | 2012 | 22281347 |
| nutritional value of raw soybeans, extruded soybeans, roasted soybeans and tallow as fat sources in early lactating dairy cows. | thirty multiparous holstein cows (29.8 ± 4.01days in milk; 671.6 ± 31.47 kg of body weight) were used in a completely randomized design to compare nutritional value of four fat sources including tallow, raw soybeans, extruded soybeans and roasted soybeans for 8 weeks. experimental diets were a control containing 27.4 % alfalfa silage, 22.5% corn silage, and 50.1% concentrate, and four diets with either tallow, raw soybean, extruded soybean, or roasted soybean added to provide 1.93% supplemental ... | 2012 | 26623299 |
| effect of organic wastes on the plant-microbe remediation for removal of aged pahs in soils. | the effectiveness of in-situ bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) may be inhibited by low nutrients and organic carbon. to evaluate the effect of organic wastes on the pahs removal efficiency of a plant-microbe remediation system, contaminated agricultural soils were amended with different dosages of sewage sludge (ss) and cattle manure (cm) in the presence of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and pahs-degraders (bacillus sp. and flavobacterium sp.). the results indicated that th ... | 2012 | 23513690 |
| effects of subacute ruminal acidosis challenges on fermentation and endotoxins in the rumen and hindgut of dairy cows. | the effects of a grain-based subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) challenge (gbsc) and an alfalfa-pellet sara challenge (apsc) on fermentation and endotoxins in the rumen and in the cecum, as well as on endotoxins in peripheral blood, were determined. six nonlactating holstein cows with cannulas in the rumen and cecum were used in the study. a 3×3 latin square arrangement of treatments with 4-wk experimental periods was adopted. during the first 3 wk of each experimental period, all cows received a ... | 2012 | 22192209 |
| effect of different forage sources on performance and feeding behavior of holstein calves. | one hundred seventy-nine holstein male calves [44.7 kg of body weight (bw) and 8.3 d of age] participated in a series of 3 experiments to evaluate the effect of different forage sources on performance, apparent digestibility, and feeding behavior. animals in each study were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 different dietary treatments: control (con) calves were fed starter feed without any forage provision (this treatment was repeated in each of the 3 experiments), and the 2 other treatments consiste ... | 2012 | 22192208 |
| corn silage versus corn silage:alfalfa hay mixtures for dairy cows: effects of dietary potassium, calcium, and cation-anion difference. | corn silage (cs) has replaced alfalfa hay (ah) and haylage as the major forage fed to lactating dairy cows, yet many dairy producers believe that inclusion of small amounts of alfalfa hay or haylage improves feed intake and milk production. alfalfa contains greater concentrations of k and ca than corn silage and has an inherently higher dietary cation-anion difference (dcad). supplemental dietary buffers such as nahco(3) and k(2)co(3) increase dcad and summaries of studies with these buffers sho ... | 2011 | 21943761 |
| effect of dietary crude protein on ammonia-n emission measured by herd nitrogen mass balance in a freestall dairy barn managed under farm-like conditions. | the main objective of this experiment was to monitor the impact of barn side and dietary crude protein (cp) on production performance, manure production and composition, and ammonia nitrogen (n) emission from a lactating dairy herd housed in a free-stall barn and managed under farm-like conditions throughout a number of months in each season of the year. the 78-cow lactating herd of the university of wisconsin-platteville (usa) was halved and each group was allocated to either the north or south ... | 2010 | 22444659 |
| influence of replacing corn silage with barley silage in the diets of buffalo cows on milk yield and quality. | a 150-day trial was carried out on 40 italian mediterranean buffalo cows that, immediately after calving, were equally divided into two homogeneous groups (m and o) based on the number of calving events and previous milk yield. the animals were fed (16 kg dry matter (dm)/head) two isoenergy/isoprotein diets (nel: 6.39 mj/kg dm; 15.4 cp% dm), composed of corn (diet m) or barley silage (diet o) concentrate, alfalfa hay, and a vitamin-mineral supplement. the fermentation characteristics of both sil ... | 2010 | 20464483 |
| recovery of intravenously infused chromium edta and lithium sulphate in the urine of cattle and their use as markers to measure urine volume. | a series of metabolism experiments investigated the recovery of continuous-, intravenously infused chromium complexed with ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (credta) and lithium sulphate in the urine of cattle with a view to using the markers to estimate urine and metabolite output in grazing cattle. the recovery of cr in urine from these infusions was similar (90%) in metabolism trials when cattle consumed three very contrasting diets: high-grain formulated pellet, lucerne hay (medicago sativa) ... | 2009 | 22444379 |
| effect of particle size of alfalfa hay and reconstitution with water on intake, digestion and milk production in holstein dairy cows. | twenty-four lactating holstein dairy cows (12 first lactation and 12 multiparous; day in milk = 11 ± 5 days) were allotted to a randomised complete block design in a 2 × 3 factorial with four replicates per treatment to evaluate the effects of two methods of alfalfa feeding (dry and reconstituted to achieve a theoretical dry matter (dm) content of 350 g/kg) and three geometric mean (gm) particle sizes of alfalfa (9.13, 4.51 and 1.20 mm) on performance of dairy cows for a period of 28 days. diets ... | 2009 | 22444224 |
| in vitro fermentation vessel type and method alter fiber digestibility estimates. | selected vessel types and conditions used for in vitro fermentation were compared to evaluate their effects on determinations of neutral detergent fiber (ndf) digestibility (ndfd) in 2 replicate 48-h fermentations. treatments included 50-ml polyethylene centrifuge tubes with gas-release valves (treatment 1); 50-ml polyethylene centrifuge tubes with continuous gassing with co2 (treatment 2); 50-ml polyethylene centrifuge tubes sealed, oriented horizontally, and shaken continuously parallel to the ... | 2008 | 18096952 |
| production of trans c18:1 and conjugated linoleic acid in continuous culture fermenters fed diets containing fish oil and sunflower oil with decreasing levels of forage. | previously, feeding fish oil (fo) and sunflower seeds to dairy cows resulted in the greatest increases in the concentrations of vaccenic acid (va, t11 c18:1) and conjugated linoleic acid (cla) in milk fat. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of forage level in diets containing fo and sunflower oil (sfo) on the production of trans c18:1 and cla by mixed ruminal microbes. a dual-flow continuous culture system consisting of three fermenters was used in a 3 × 3 latin-square desig ... | 2007 | 22444466 |
| enhancing in vitro degradation of alfalfa hay and corn silage using feed enzymes. | a series of in vitro fermentation experiments was performed to assess the effects of 4 feed enzyme products (fe) that varied in enzymatic activities on the degradation of alfalfa hay and corn silage. the fe contained a range of endoglucanase, exoglucanase, xylanase, and protease activities, and a range of dose rates (dr) was used. the objective of the study was to identify effective formulations and optimum dr, and to establish if combining fe would further improve fiber degradation. for alfalfa ... | 2007 | 17517724 |
| influence of alkaloid concentration on acceptability of tall larkspur (delphinium spp.) to cattle and sheep. | tall larkspur (delphinium spp.) is a serious toxic plant problem on western u.s. ranges. the major toxins in tall larkspur are methyllycaconitine (mla) and 14-deacetylnudicauline (14-dan); the sum of both is termed the toxic alkaloid concentration. toxic alkaloids comprise about 20-50% of the total alkaloid concentration in tall larkspur. toxic and total alkaloid concentration generally declines with maturity, whereas cattle and sheep consumption of larkspur typically increases with plant maturi ... | 1996 | 24225934 |
| effects of breed and sire on carcass characteristics and fatty acid profiles of crossbred wagyu and angus steers. | in a two-year experiment, 54 steers sired by seven wagyu bulls [american wagyu association (awa) sire numbers 331, 384, 388, 411, 429, 433 and 488] and 15 steers sired by two angus bulls, all out of angus-hereford cows, were used to evaluate the effects of sire and breed on carcass characteristics and fatty acid composition. steers were given ad-libitum access to a high-concentrate diet (15 % alfalfa cubes and 85 % barley supplement) for at least 170 days. breed and individual sire effects were ... | 1996 | 22060571 |
| effect of graded levels of duodenal infusions of casein on mammary uptake in lactating cows. 1. major nutrients. | effects of duodenally infused casein on milk secretion were investigated by coupling measurements of mammary blood flow and arteriovenous differences. four lactating cows were given a continuous duodenal infusion of 0, 177, 352, and 762 g of calcium caseinate/d according to a latin square design. diets, formulated to meet 90% of energy and protein recommendations, consisted of a ratio of corn silage:concentrate of 76:24 supplemented with dehydrated alfalfa. yields of milk, protein, and fat incre ... | 1994 | 7962845 |
| epidemiological study on factors influencing fertility indices in israeli dairy herds. | the objective of this study was to determine feeding factors connected with differences in the fertility of israeli kibbutz dairy herds. in an epidemiological case-control survey, data from 30, low-fertility kibbutz dairy herds having a mean overall conception rate of 35% in multiparous cows were compared with the data from 30, high-fertility kibbutz dairy herds having a mean overall conception rate of 48% in multiparous cows. nutritional factors accounted for 67% of the differences between low- ... | 1992 | 16727142 |
| ingestion of tall larkspur by cattle : separating effects of flavor from postingestive consequences. | tall larkspur (delphinium spp.) is a palatable but toxic poisonous plant in the western united states. the toxins in tall larkspur are diterpenoid alkaloids. we examined the influences of food flavor and postingestive consequences on consumption of a 33% larkspur pellet during 30-min feeding periods for five days using esophageally fistulated cattle that were sham-fed larkspur pellets. consumption by the sham-fed group was compared to a control group fed alfalfa pellets, and a larkspur group fed ... | 1990 | 24263838 |
| ruminal microbial populations and fermentation characteristics in bison and cattle fed high- and low-quality forage. | ruminal microbial populations and fermentation products were compared between two ruminally cannulated bison (375 kg) and two ruminally cannulated hereford steers (567 kg) on alfalfa or prairie hay diets. differential media were used to enumerate carbohydrate-specific bacterial subgroups. voluntary dry matter intake was higher (p=0.006) for cattle than for bison fed alfalfa, but prairie hay intake was not different (p=0.16) between the two species. volatile fatty acid concentrations, ph, and rum ... | 1989 | 24197289 |
| the phosphorylation site of ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase from alfalfa. | a 50 kda, calcium-dependent protein kinase (cdpk) was purified about 1000-fold from cultured cells of alfalfa (medicago varia) on the basis of its histone h1 phosphorylation activity. the major polypeptide from bovine histone h1 phosphorylated by either animal protein kinase c (pk-c) or by the alfalfa cdpk gave an identical phosphopeptide pattern. the phosphoamino acid determination showed phosphorylation of serine residues in histone h1 by the plant enzyme. histone-related oligopeptides known t ... | 1989 | 24272905 |
| effect of energy or protein supplements containing monensin on ruminal 3-methylindole formation in pastured cattle. | the metabolism of 3-methylindole (3mi), a ruminal degradation product of l-tryptophan, results in acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema. the effect of feeding an energy or protein supplement containing monensin on ruminal 3mi formation in pastured beef cattle was investigated. a luxuriant pasture of orchard grass was established in a field that was seeded 1 year before the start of the grazing period. this 4-ha pasture was cut, fertilized, divided into 2 equal plots, and then irrigated duri ... | 1984 | 24049904 |
| differential uptake of silver, copper and zinc suggests complementary species-specific phytoextraction potential. | the aim of our study, conducted as a pot experiment, was to assess the potential of willow (salix miyabeana), alfalfa (medicago sativa), tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), and indian mustard (brassica juncea) to remediate two brownfield soils differentially contaminated with ag, cu and zn (up to 113.60, 47.50, and 117.00 mg kg(-1) respectively). while aboveground ag accumulation was highest in b. juncea (4.60 ± 2.58 mg kg(-1)), lower levels were also measured in m. sativa and f. arundinacea. cu ... | 2016 | 26361089 |
| in vivo synthesis of nanomaterials in plants: location of silver nanoparticles and plant metabolism. | metallic nanoparticles (menps) can be formed in living plants by reduction of the metal ions absorbed as soluble salts. it is very likely that plant metabolism has an important role in menp biosynthesis. the in vivo formation of silver nanoparticles (agnps) was observed in brassica juncea, festuca rubra and medicago sativa. plants were grown in hoagland's solution for 30 days and then exposed for 24 h to a solution of 1,000 ppm agno3. in the leaf extracts of control plants, the concentrations of ... | 2014 | 24581279 |
| uptake of phosphorus and lead by brassica juncea and medicago sativa from chloropyromorphite. | in situ remediation of lead (pb)-contaminated soils via phosphate amendments has been extensively used to immobilize pb as pyromorphite. however, in phosphorus (p) deficient soils, plants may develop extensive root systems to access p in any p-containing minerals, thereby affecting the stability of pb5 (po4)3cl (chloropyromorphite; cp). we grew brassica juncea and medicago sativa in sand culture to evaluate the stability of cp in the presence or absence of hydroxyapatite (ha) as p source. treatm ... | 2012 | 22908624 |
| [ecological responses of brassica juncea-alfalfa intercropping to cadmium stress]. | a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of cadmium (cd) stress on the soil-plant system under brassica juncea-alfalfa intercropping, and to evaluate the cd feed safety of alfalfa. comparing with monoculture, when the soil cd content was in the range of 0.37-20.37 mg x kg(-1), intercropping decreased the b. juncea biomass by 0.4%-11.8% while increased the alfalfa biomass by 55.3%-70.0%. soil available cd was mainly determined by soil total cd and plant species, and less affected by pl ... | 2009 | 19899475 |
| evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa and mustard in hydroponic culture. | soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium (cd) and lead (pb) is hard to be remediated. phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil, but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals. in this study, cd and pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), mustard (brassica juncea l.), alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), ricinus (ricinus communis l.) in hydroponic cultures was compared. results showed that these plants could phyt ... | 2007 | 17966853 |
| impact of brassica and lucerne finishing feeds and intramuscular fat on lamb eating quality and flavor. a cross-cultural study using chinese and non-chinese australian consumers. | use of forage brassicas (brassica napus) and lucerne (alfalfa; medicago sativa) as ruminant feeds has been linked to unacceptable flavors in sheepmeat. lambs from low and high intramuscular fat sires were allocated to one of four finishing feeds-perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), lucerne, and two brassica forages-for a 6 week period. grilled loins (longissimus thoracis et lumborum) were subjected to chemical and sensory analysis by a trained panel and also evaluated by non-chinese and chinese ... | 2016 | 27523884 |
| biological networks underlying abiotic stress tolerance in temperate crops--a proteomic perspective. | abiotic stress factors, especially low temperatures, drought, and salinity, represent the major constraints limiting agricultural production in temperate climate. under the conditions of global climate change, the risk of damaging effects of abiotic stresses on crop production increases. plant stress response represents an active process aimed at an establishment of novel homeostasis under altered environmental conditions. proteins play a crucial role in plant stress response since they are dire ... | 2015 | 26340626 |
| enrichment of aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic acids by oil-degrading bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of plants growing in oil-contaminated soil from kazakhstan. | three microbial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of alfalfa (medicago sativa), grass mixture (festuca rubra, 75 %; lolium perenne, 20 %; poa pratensis, 10 %), and rape (brassica napus) on the basis of their high capacity to use crude oil as the sole carbon and energy source. these isolates used an unusually wide spectrum of hydrocarbons as substrates (more than 80), including n-alkanes with chain lengths ranging from c12 to c32, monomethyl- and monoethyl-substituted alkanes (c12-c23), ... | 2015 | 25592733 |
| molecular and carbon isotopic composition of leaf wax in vegetation and aerosols in a northern prairie ecosystem. | we measured the molecular and carbon isotopic composition of major leaf wax compound classes in northern mixed mesic prairie species (agropyron smithii, stipa viridula, bouteloua gracilis, tragopogon dubius) and in selected crops (triticum aestivum, brassica napus, hordeum vulgare, medicago sativa) of southern alberta and also in aerosols collected 4 m above the prairie canopy. our aims were to better constrain the wax biosynthetic carbon isotopic fractionation relative to the plant's carbon iso ... | 2003 | 12647105 |
| the mads-domain protein agamous-like 15 accumulates in embryonic tissues with diverse origins. | agl15 (agamous-like 15), a member of the mads-domain family of regulatory factors, accumulates preferentially in the organs and tissues derived from double fertilization in flowering plants (i.e. the embryo, suspensor, and endosperm). the developmental role of agl15 is still undefined. if it is involved in embryogenesis rather than some other aspect of seed biology, then agl15 protein should accumulate whenever development proceeds in the embryonic mode, regardless of the origin of those embryos ... | 1999 | 10318690 |
| desiccation of microspore derived embryos of oilseed rape (brassica napus l.). | microspore-derived embryos from brassica napus l. were dried to less than 15% moisture and stored dry for a minimum of 7 days. successful plant regeneration was observed when embryos at the cotyledonary stage of development were treated with 50 um aba for 7 days prior to desiccation. solid agar or liquid medium gave similar results. the rate of drying of embryos after aba pretreatment had only minor effects on embryo survival, but for untreated embryos, slow drying gave a small degree of surviva ... | 1991 | 24221670 |
| the impact of using alternative forages on the nutrient value within slurry and its implications for forage productivity in agricultural systems. | alternative forages can be used to provide valuable home-grown feed for ruminant livestock. utilising these different forages could affect the manure value and the implications of incorporating these forages into farming systems, needs to be better understood. an experiment tested the hypothesis that applying slurries from ruminants, fed ensiled red clover (trifolium pratense), lucerne (medicago sativa) or kale (brassica oleracea) would improve the yield of hybrid ryegrass (lolium hybridicum), c ... | 2014 | 24830777 |
| accumulation of hmx (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) in indigenous and agricultural plants grown in hmx-contaminated anti-tank firing-range soil. | to investigate their potential for phytoremediation, selected agricultural and indigenous terrestrial plants were examined fortheir capacity to accumulate and degrade the explosive octahydro-1 ,3,5,7-tetra nitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (hmx). plant tissue and soil extracts were analyzed for the presence of hmx and possible degradative metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array uv detection (hplc-uv), micellar electrokinetic chromatography with diode-array uv detection ... | 2002 | 11811476 |
| the potential use of n-alkanes, long-chain alcohols and long-chain fatty acids as diet composition markers: indoor validation with sheep and herbage species from the rangeland of inner mongolia of china. | to investigate the potential use of n-alkanes (alkanes), long-chain alcohols (alcohols) and long-chain fatty acids (acids) for estimating the diet composition of sheep, in a feeding trial. a total of 18 sheep were assigned randomly to three different diets (diet a, diet b and diet c) containing up to eight herbage species (leymus chinensis, leymus dasystachys, elymus sibiricum, chenopodium album, puccinellia chinampoensis, medicago sativa, saussurea sinuata and bromus inermis). faecal recoveries ... | 2012 | 22436224 |
| soil sulfur amendments suppress selenium uptake by alfalfa and western wheatgrass. | selenium (se) is a potential soil contaminant in many parts of the world where it can pose a health risk to livestock and wildlife. phosphate ore mining in southeast idaho has resulted in numerous waste rock dumps revegetated with forages to stabilize the dumps and support grazing. alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), smooth brome (bromus inermis leyss.), and western wheat grass [pascopyrum smithii (rydb.) a. löve] are the dominant forage species on these lands. to demonstrate the feasibility of using ... | 2014 | 18453397 |
| de-inking sludge and phosphorus effects on growth and symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in forage legumes. | the de-inking process produces a waste by-product, called de-inking paper sludge (ds), that contains paper fibers, clay particles and inks and high carbon (c) concentrations combined with low nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) concentrations. the use of high rates of ds to increase the soil organic matter thus requires provision of high rates of n and p for adequate plant growth. using dinitrogen (n2)-fixing forage legumes is an alternative to n fertilization under such circumstances. in a greenhou ... | 2007 | 19070161 |
| bioavailable phosphorus in runoff from alfalfa, smooth bromegrass, and alfalfa-smooth bromegrass. | runoff from sloping landscapes cropped with established alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) may contain bioavailable p (bap) which accelerates eutrophication of surface water bodies. such bap exists as either dissolved reactive p (drp) or bioavailable reactive particulate p (bpp). we hypothesized that before and after harvest, sod-forming smooth bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss.) or alfalfa-smooth bromegrass mixtures would have less bap, drp, and bpp runoff losses than taprooted alfalfa. swards establi ... | 2013 | 11837433 |
| factors influencing the induction of freezing tolerance by abscisic acid in cell suspension cultures of bromus inermis leyss and medicago sativa l. | a 2-gram fresh weight inoculum of bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss. culture bg970) cell suspension culture treated with 7.5 x 10(-5) molar abscisic acid (aba) for 7 days at 25 degrees c survived slow cooling to -60 degrees c. over 80% of the cells in aba treated cultures survived immersion in liquid n(2) after slow cooling to -40 or -60 degrees c. in contrast, a 6-gram fresh weight inoculum only attained a hardiness level of -28 degrees c after 5 days of aba treatment. ethanol (2 x 10(-2) molar) ... | 1987 | 16665261 |
| legume genomics: understanding biology through dna and rna sequencing. | the legume family (leguminosae) consists of approx. 17 000 species. a few of these species, including, but not limited to, phaseolus vulgaris, cicer arietinum and cajanus cajan, are important dietary components, providing protein for approx. 300 million people worldwide. additional species, including soybean (glycine max) and alfalfa (medicago sativa), are important crops utilized mainly in animal feed. in addition, legumes are important contributors to biological nitrogen, forming symbiotic rel ... | 2014 | 24769535 |
| effect of rhizosphere enzymes on phytoremediation in pah-contaminated soil using five plant species. | a pot experiment was performed to study the effectiveness of remediation using different plant species and the enzyme response involved in remediating pah-contaminated soil. the study indicated that species echinacea purpurea, festuca arundinacea schred, fire phoenix (a combined f. arundinacea), and medicago sativa l. possess the potential for remediation in pah-contaminated soils. the study also determined that enzymatic reactions of polyphenol oxidase (except fire phoenix), dehydrogenase (exce ... | 2015 | 25822167 |
| pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed on the belgian market. | pyrrolizidine alkaloids (pas) are widely distributed plant toxins with species dependent hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, genotoxic and pneumotoxic risks. in a recent european food safety authority (efsa) opinion, only two data sets from one european country were received for honey, while one feed data set was included. no data are available for food or feed samples from the belgian market. we developed an lc-ms/ms method, which allowed the detection and quantification of 16 pas in a broad range of ma ... | 2015 | 26373269 |
| habitual diet and ascorbic acid status in sudanese camels. | there is suggestive evidence that a low status of ascorbic acid in camels enhances their risk for infectious diseases. this study was carried out to find clues as to the role of diet in affecting ascorbic acid status. in a crossover trial with feeding periods of 3 weeks each, six camels (camelus dromedarius) were fed either a composite of their habitual diet or alfalfa. the simulated habitual diet contained grass (hummra), acacia mellifera and blepharis persica. the habitual diet significantly l ... | 2013 | 23345066 |
| botanicals and their bioactive phytochemicals for women's health. | botanical dietary supplements are increasingly popular for women's health, particularly for older women. the specific botanicals women take vary as a function of age. younger women will use botanicals for urinary tract infections, especially vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry), where there is evidence for efficacy. botanical dietary supplements for premenstrual syndrome (pms) are less commonly used, and rigorous clinical trials have not been done. some examples include vitex agnus-castus (chastebe ... | 2016 | 27677719 |
| milk production in dairy goats supplemented with different levels of ruminally protected methionine. | the objective of the study reported in this research communication was to evaluate graded levels of ruminally protected methionine (rpm) in dairy goat rations on milk production and live weight changes during 155 d of lactation. twenty-five primiparous dairy goats (crosses of toggenburg, french alpine and saanen; 45·4 ± 1·0 kg bw) were fed a basal diet (10·10% cp, 6·13 dp and 2·34 mcal/kg me) of corn silage, oat hay, alfalfa hay and concentrate (80% forage, 20% concentrate). after kidding, the t ... | 2016 | 27048778 |
| effects of different model diets on milk composition and expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland of lactating dairy goats. | this study examined the effects of different roughage diets on milk composition and the expression of key genes associated with fatty acid (fa) synthesis in the mammary gland of lactating dairy goats. eight multiparous lactating goats (body weight=43.6±2.5kg, 90±12 d in milk) fitted with external pudic artery and subcutaneous abdominal vein catheters were assigned to 2 treatments in a crossover design. the goats were fed different roughage diets with a similar concentrate-to-roughage ratio. the ... | 2015 | 25981073 |
| meat goat kids finished on alfalfa, red clover or orchardgrass pastures: carcass merit and meat quality. | this experiment was conducted in 2005-2007 to evaluate carcass and chevon (goat meat) quality parameters when meat-goat kids (n=72) were finished on alfalfa (medicago sativa l; alf); red clover (trifolium pratense l.; rcg); or orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.; ogr) pastures. carcass conformation score was greater (p=0.08) when meat-goat kids were finished on alf compared to ogr with rcg intermediate. chevon meat samples from goats finished on the three pasture treatments did not differ in ash ... | 2014 | 25089787 |