Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| technical note: bacterial diversity and fermentation end products in rumen fluid samples collected via oral lavage or rumen cannula. | a study was conducted to determine if sampling rumen contents via a ruminal cannula or oral lavage tube would yield similar denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of the bacterial community. two species of ruminally cannulated animals were used for this study (cattle, n = 2; sheep, n = 3). all animals were allowed ad libitum access to feed. cattle were fed baled unprocessed sorghum-sudan hay (12% cp, 68% ndf; dm basis), whereas sheep were maintained on chopped alfalfa (18% cp, 40% ndf; ... | 2009 | 19329475 |
| factors affecting the efficacy of pressure inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 on alfalfa seeds and seed viability. | the application of high hydrostatic pressure technology as a seed decontamination technology was evaluated. alfalfa seeds inoculated with approximately 10(5) cfu/g of escherichia coli o157:h7 were subjected to oscillatory pressure treatments at 600 mpa and 20 degrees c for up to five cycles with a holding time of 2 min/cycle. however, oscillatory pressurization was not able to eliminate e. coli o157:h7. the application of pressure treatment at 600 mpa for 2 min at 20 degrees c in the presence of ... | 2009 | 19339075 |
| combination treatments for killing escherichia coli o157:h7 on alfalfa, radish, broccoli, and mung bean seeds. | in this study, the effectiveness of prolonged dry-heat treatment (50 degrees c) alone or in combination with chemical treatments (1% oxalic acid, 0.03% phytic acid, 50% ethanol, electrolyzed acidic water, and electrolyzed alkaline water) in eliminating escherichia coli o157:h7 on laboratory-inoculated alfalfa, radish, broccoli, and mung bean seeds was compared with that of dry-heat treatment in combination with irradiation treatment. dry-heat treatment for 17 or 24 h alone could reduce e. coli o ... | 2009 | 19343955 |
| dietary sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprouts reduce colonization and attenuate gastritis in helicobacter pylori-infected mice and humans. | the isothiocyanate sulforaphane [sf; 1-isothiocyanato-4(r)-methylsulfinylbutane] is abundant in broccoli sprouts in the form of its glucosinolate precursor (glucoraphanin). sf is powerfully bactericidal against helicobacter pylori infections, which are strongly associated with the worldwide pandemic of gastric cancer. oral treatment with sf-rich broccoli sprouts of c57bl/6 female mice infected with h. pylori sydney strain 1 and maintained on a high-salt (7.5% nacl) diet reduced gastric bacterial ... | 2009 | 19349290 |
| the use of flagella and motility for plant colonization and fitness by different strains of the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes. | the role of flagella and motility in the attachment of the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes to various surfaces is mixed with some systems requiring flagella for an interaction and others needing only motility for cells to get to the surface. in nature this bacterium is a saprophyte and contaminated produce is an avenue for infection. previous studies have documented the ability of this organism to attach to and colonize plant tissue. motility mutants were generated in three wild type s ... | 2009 | 19357783 |
| influence of corn hybrid and processing method on nutrient digestibility, finishing performance, and carcass characteristics. | a finishing trial and a digestion trial were conducted to evaluate the effects of corn hybrid and processing method on nutrient digestibility, finishing performance, and carcass characteristics. a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement of treatments was used for both trials. factors included 2 processing methods, dry-rolled (drc) or high-moisture (hmc), and 5 commercially available corn hybrids. the finishing trial (exp. 1) utilized 475 yearling steers (379 +/- 15 kg initial bw), stratified by bw into 2 bl ... | 2009 | 19359508 |
| optimizing use of distillers grains in finishing diets containing steam-flaked corn. | two hundred ninety-nine crossbred yearling steers (363 +/- 15 kg initial bw) were fed for an average of 114 d in a finishing study comparing 7 diets in which steam-flaked corn was used as the principal energy source. forty-nine pens were used in this study with 7 bw blocks, 7 pens per treatment, and 5 to 7 steers per pen. a control diet with no distillers grains with solubles (dgs) was compared with 6 diets containing 15% dgs (dm basis). the diets contained wet sorghum dgs with 0 or 6% alfalfa h ... | 2009 | 19359511 |
| determination of thermal properties of composting bulking materials. | thermal properties of compost bulking materials affect temperature and biodegradation during the composting process. well determined thermal properties of compost feedstocks will therefore contribute to practical thermodynamic approaches. thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and volumetric heat capacity of 12 compost bulking materials were determined in this study. thermal properties were determined at varying bulk densities (1, 1.3, 1.7, 2.5, and 5 times uncompacted bulk density), particl ... | 2009 | 19362828 |
| serum concentration comparisons of amino acids, fatty acids, lipoproteins, vitamins a and e, and minerals between zoo and free-ranging giraffes (giraffa camelopardalis). | serum concentrations of amino acids, fatty acids, lipoproteins, vitamins a and e, and minerals in zoo giraffes (giraffa camelopardalis) were compared to values obtained from free-ranging giraffes in an effort to identify potential nutritional differences in the zoo population. zoo giraffes have a specific set of maladies that may be nutritionally related, including peracute mortality, energy malnutrition, pancreatic disease, urolithiasis, hoof disease, and severe intestinal parasitism. dietary r ... | 2009 | 19368238 |
| the lap1 myb transcription factor orchestrates anthocyanidin biosynthesis and glycosylation in medicago. | myb transcription factors help to control anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants, and ectopic expression of the arabidopsis production of anthocyanin pigment 1 (pap1) transcription factor activates the anthocyanin pathway in tobacco, suggesting the general utility of such factors for metabolic engineering of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-derived compounds such as proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins). however, pap1 does not activate anthocyanin biosynthesis in the model legume medicago truncatula or ... | 2009 | 19368693 |
| population abundance of frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) and natural enemies on plant hosts in central chile. | populations of the invasive frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) are serious pests of agricultural crops in the aconcagua valley of central chile. an extensive survey was conducted of 55 plant species in 24 families to identify plant hosts of f. occidentalis and to determine its relative abundance on each host during each season. a more intensive study was conducted on selected plant species serving as reproductive hosts to determine the population dynamics of f. occidentalis and to evaluate th ... | 2009 | 19389281 |
| resource heterogeneity and foraging behaviour of cattle across spatial scales. | understanding the mechanisms that influence grazing selectivity in patchy environments is vital to promote sustainable production and conservation of cultivated and natural grasslands. to better understand how patch size and spatial dynamics influence selectivity in cattle, we examined grazing selectivity under 9 different treatments by offering alfalfa and fescue in patches of 3 sizes spaced with 1, 4, and 8 m between patches along an alley. we hypothesized that (1) selectivity is driven by pre ... | 2009 | 19393094 |
| role of quorum sensing in sinorhizobium meliloti-alfalfa symbiosis. | the expr/sin quorum-sensing system of the gram-negative soil bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti plays an important role in the establishment of symbiosis with its host plant medicago sativa. a mutant unable to produce autoinducer signal molecules (sini) is deficient in its ability to invade the host, but paradoxically, a strain lacking the quorum-sensing transcriptional regulator expr is as efficient as the wild type. we compared the whole-genome expression profile of the wild-type strain with str ... | 2009 | 19395488 |
| membrane estrogen receptor-alpha-mediated nongenomic actions of phytoestrogens in gh3/b6/f10 pituitary tumor cells. | abstract: | 2009 | 19400946 |
| [experimental tolerance to boron of the plant species nicotiana glauca, jacaranda mimosifolia, tecoma stans, medicago sativa y spinacea oleracea in argentina]. | the activity of boron industries is a punctual and diffuse source of air, soil and water pollution. therefore, it is a priority to study possible ways of reducing this impact. a relatively new technology for reducing soil pollution is phytoremediation, which uses plants and associate microorganisms. the first step in phytoremediation is to detect tolerant plant species, which is the objective of this work. a laboratory experiment to assess the germination, survival and growth of different specie ... | 2008 | 19419027 |
| the sinorhizobium meliloti lpxxl and acpxl proteins play important roles in bacteroid development within alfalfa. | free-living sinorhizobium meliloti lpxxl and acpxl mutants lack lipid a very-long-chain fatty acids (vlcfas) and have reduced competitiveness in alfalfa. we demonstrate that lpxxl and acpxl play important but distinct roles in bacteroid development and that lpxxl is essential for the modification of s. meliloti bacteroid lipid a with vlcfas. | 2009 | 19429615 |
| fibrolytic capabilities of ruminal bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes in relation to its phylogenetic grouping. | to characterize the fibrolytic function of fibrobacter succinogenes strains in relation to their phylogenetic grouping, 32 strains were newly isolated from the rumen of sheep. all new strains were classified into phylogenetic groups 1 or 2 including a novel subgroup of group 2. importantly, the majority of the strains belonging to group 1 were isolated from ruminally incubated hay. although almost complete degradation of avicel was observed among all strains, significantly lower digestibility of ... | 2009 | 19431237 |
| engineering of plant-specific phenylpropanoids biosynthesis in streptomyces venezuelae. | phenylpropanoids, including flavonoids and stilbenes, are plant secondary metabolites with potential pharmacological and nutraceutical properties. to expand the applicability of streptomyces venezuelae as a heterologous host to plant polyketide production, flavonoid and stilbene biosynthetic genes were expressed in an engineered strain of s. venezuelae dhs2001 bearing a deletion of native pikromycin polyketide synthase gene. a plasmid expressing the 4-coumarate/cinnamate:coenzyme a ligase from s ... | 2009 | 19433224 |
| reprint of the herbal alternatives for menopause (halt) study: background and study design. | we designed a randomized double-blind randomized trial to examine the short and long-term effects of alternative approaches commonly used to manage menopause symptoms. women were randomly assigned to: (1) black cohosh 160 mg daily; (2) multibotanical (50 mg black cohosh, alfalfa, chaste tree, dong quai, false unicorn, licorice, oats, pomegranate, siberian ginseng, boron) four capsules daily; (3) multibotanical plus telephone counseling to increase dietary soy; (4) conjugated equine estrogen 0.62 ... | 2008 | 19434890 |
| microbiological examination of vegetable seed sprouts in korea. | sprouted vegetable seeds used as food have been implicated as sources of outbreaks of salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7 infections. we profiled the microbiological quality of sprouts and seeds sold at retail shops in seoul, korea. ninety samples of radish sprouts and mixed sprouts purchased at department stores, supermarkets, and traditional markets and 96 samples of radish, alfalfa, and turnip seeds purchased from online stores were analyzed to determine the number of total aerobic bacter ... | 2009 | 19435238 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of pratylenchus lentis n. sp. (nematoda: pratylenchidae) from sicily. | pratylenchus lentis n. sp. parasitizing roots of lentil in sicily, italy, is described and illustrated. the new species is characterized by a relatively high lip region with three annuli, mean stylet length of 16 mum, with anteriorly flattened knobs, cylindrical body with a relatively anterior vulva, large and ovoid spermatheca full of sperm, plump tail with truncate, irregularly annulated terminus, and by the presence of males. molecular its-rflp and sequencing analyses of the new species showe ... | 0 | 19440258 |
| outbreak of salmonella serotype saintpaul infections associated with eating alfalfa sprouts - united states, 2009. | on february 24, 2009, the nebraska department of health and human services identified six isolates of salmonella serotype saintpaul with collection dates from february 7--14. salmonella saintpaul is not a commonly detected serotype; during 2008, only three salmonella saintpaul isolates were identified in nebraska. this report summarizes the preliminary results of the investigation of this outbreak, which has identified 228 cases in 13 states and implicated the source as alfalfa sprouts produced ... | 2009 | 19444155 |
| effect of dietary protein concentration and degradability on response to rumen-protected methionine in lactating dairy cows. | an incomplete 8 x 8 latin square trial (4-wk periods; 12 wk total) using 32 multiparous and 16 primiparous holstein cows was conducted to assess the production response to crude protein (cp), digestible rumen-undegraded protein (rup), and rumen-protected met (rpm; fed as mepron; degussa corp., kennesaw, ga). diets contained [dry matter (dm) basis] 21% alfalfa silage, 34% corn silage, 22 to 26% high-moisture corn, 10 to 14% soybean meal, 4% soyhulls, 2% added fat, 1.3% minerals and vitamins, and ... | 2009 | 19448006 |
| effect of source of rumen-degraded protein on production and ruminal metabolism in lactating dairy cows. | twenty-eight (8 with ruminal cannulas) lactating holstein cows were assigned to seven 4 x 4 latin squares in a 16-wk trial to study the effects on production and ruminal metabolism of feeding differing proportions of rumen-degraded protein (rdp) from soybean meal and urea. diets contained [dry matter (dm) basis] 40% corn silage, 15% alfalfa silage, 28 to 30% high-moisture corn, plus varying levels of ground dry shelled corn, solvent- and lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal, and urea. proportions ... | 2009 | 19448016 |
| effects of bale moisture and bale diameter on spontaneous heating, dry matter recovery, in vitro true digestibility, and in situ disappearance kinetics of alfalfa-orchardgrass hays. | alfalfa (medicago sativa l.)-orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) hay was made in 96 large-round bales over 3 harvests during 2006 and 2007 to assess the effects of spontaneous heating on dry matter (dm) recovery, in vitro true digestibility (ivtd), and in situ disappearance kinetics of dm. throughout these harvests, bales were made at preset diameters of 0.9, 1.2, or 1.5 m and at moisture concentrations ranging from 9.3 to 46.6%. internal bale temperatures were monitored daily during an outdoor ... | 2009 | 19448019 |
| effects of spontaneous heating on fiber composition, fiber digestibility, and in situ disappearance kinetics of neutral detergent fiber for alfalfa-orchardgrass hays. | during 2006 and 2007, forages from 3 individual hay harvests were utilized to assess the effects of spontaneous heating on concentrations of fiber components, 48-h neutral detergent fiber (ndf) digestibility (ndfd), and in situ disappearance kinetics of ndf for large-round bales of mixed alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.). over the 3 harvests, 96 large-round bales were made at preset bale diameters of 0.9, 1.2, or 1.5 m, and at moisture concentrations ranging f ... | 2009 | 19448020 |
| distribution of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) biotypes in florida-investigating the q invasion. | after the 2004 discovery of the bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) q biotype in the united states, there was an urgent need to determine its distribution. as part of a coordinated country-wide effort, an extensive survey of b. tabaci biotypes was conducted in florida, with the cooperation of growers and state and federal agencies, to monitor the introduction and distribution of both the b and q biotypes. the biotype status of submitted b. tabaci samples was determined by polymer ... | 2009 | 19449648 |
| reproductive performance of heifers offered ad libitum or restricted access to feed for a one hundred forty-day period after weaning. | reproductive performance was evaluated in composite heifers born over a 3-yr period that were randomly assigned to control (fed to appetite; n = 205) or restricted (fed at 80% of that consumed by controls adjusted to a common bw basis; n = 192) feeding for a 140-d period, beginning about 2 mo after weaning at 6 mo of age and ending at about 12.5 mo of age. heifers were fed a diet of 67% corn silage, 18% alfalfa, and 9% of a protein-mineral supplement (dm basis). restricted heifers consumed 27% l ... | 2009 | 19465497 |
| microbial protein synthesis, ruminal digestion, microbial populations, and nitrogen balance in sheep fed diets varying in forage-to-concentrate ratio and type of forage. | six ruminally and duodenally cannulated sheep were used in a partially replicated 4 x 4 latin square to evaluate the effects of 4 diets on microbial synthesis, microbial populations, and ruminal digestion. the experimental diets had forage to concentrate ratios (f:c; dm basis) of 70:30 (hf) or 30:70 (hc) with alfalfa hay (a) or grass hay (g) as forage and were designated as hfa, hca, hfg, and hcg. the concentrate was based on barley, gluten feed, wheat middlings, soybean meal, palmkern meal, whe ... | 2009 | 19465498 |
| calibration possibilities and modifier use in etv icp oes determination of trace and minor elements in plant materials. | the possibilities for universal calibration based on multi-element aqueous standard solutions and graphite laboratory reference materials (graphite standards) for the electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric (etv icp oes) determination of al, b, ba, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, mn, ni, p, pb, s, sr, ti, v, and zn in plant materials were investigated. a commercially available state-of-the-art etv device was coupled with an echelle icp spectrometer equipped with ... | 2009 | 19468719 |
| similar patterns of linkage disequilibrium and nucleotide diversity in native and introduced populations of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, is an emerging genomic model system for studies of polyphenisms, bacterial symbioses, host-plant specialization, and the vectoring of plant viruses. here we provide estimates of nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium (ld) in native (european) and introduced (united states) populations of the pea aphid. because introductions can cause population bottlenecks, we hypothesized that u.s. populations harbor lower levels of nucleotide diversity and higher le ... | 2009 | 19470181 |
| ensifer meliloti bv. lancerottense establishes nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with lotus endemic to the canary islands and shows distinctive symbiotic genotypes and host range. | eleven strains were isolated from root nodules of lotus endemic to the canary islands and they belonged to the genus ensifer, a genus never previously described as a symbiont of lotus. according to their 16s rrna and atpd gene sequences, two isolates represented minority genotypes that could belong to previously undescribed ensifer species, but most of the isolates were classified within the species ensifer meliloti. these isolates nodulated lotus lancerottensis, lotus corniculatus and lotus jap ... | 2009 | 19477097 |
| acidified sodium chlorite as an alternative to chlorine for elimination of salmonella on alfalfa seeds. | the health and environmental hazard associated with the use of chlorine for food processing has been documented previously. this study was conducted to determine if acidified sodium chlorite (asc) could be used to replace calcium hypochlorite (ca[ocl](2)) for disinfection of alfalfa seeds. contaminated seeds containing approximately 1.5 x 10(7) cfu/g of salmonella were treated with asc or ca(ocl)(2) at different concentrations and for different periods of time. results showed that the efficacy o ... | 2009 | 19490333 |
| flow-through imaging cytometry for characterization of salmonella subpopulations in alfalfa sprouts, a complex food system. | we recently developed an approach combining fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) and flow cytometry for detecting low levels of salmonella spp. (approximately 10(3) cells/ml sprout wash) against high levels of naturally occurring sprout flora (approximately 10(7)-10(8) cfu/g sprouts). although this "fish and flow" approach provided rapid presence/absence testing for salmonella in this complex food system, it was not capable of more nuanced tasks, such as probing the phenotypic complexity of ... | 2009 | 19492327 |
| evidence for variation in the optimal translation initiation complex: plant eif4b, eif4f, and eif(iso)4f differentially promote translation of mrnas. | eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) 4b is known to interact with multiple initiation factors, mrna, rrna, and poly(a) binding protein (pabp). to gain a better understanding of the function of eif4b, the two isoforms from arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) were expressed and analyzed using biophysical and biochemical methods. plant eif4b was found by ultracentrifugation and light scattering analysis to most likely be a monomer with an extended structure. an extended structure would facilitate the ... | 2009 | 19493973 |
| effect of an isoflavones-containing red clover preparation and alkaline supplementation on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. | the aim of this study was to test the combined effect of a quality-controlled red clover extract (rce) standardized to contain 40% isoflavones by weight (genistein, daidzein, biochanin a, and formononetin present as hydrolyzed aglycones) together with a modified alkaline supplementation on bone metabolic and biomechanical parameters in an experimental model of surgically-induced menopause. sprague-dawley female rats were maintained under controlled standard conditions of light and fed with conve ... | 2009 | 19503771 |
| detection of yersinia enterocolitica in alfalfa, mung bean, cilantro, and mamey sapote (pouteria sapota) food matrices using dna microarray chip hybridization. | four different food matrices (alfalfa, cilantro, mamey sapote, and mung bean) were contaminated with three different dilutions 10(6), 10(4), and 10(3) cfu/g of yersinia enterocolitica. dna was isolated from each food mix and used in chromosomal amplifications. the amplified dna was used as templates in single pcr reactions of the four genes (virf, ail, yst, and blaa) followed by mixing the four reactions for one pcr primer extension reaction. the presence and the limit of detection of four genes ... | 2009 | 19504157 |
| enod40 gene expression and cytokinin responses in the nonnodulating, nonmycorrhizal (nodmyc) mutant, masym3, of melilotus alba desr. | several nonnodulating, nonmycorrhizal (nod(-)myc(-)) mutants of melilotus alba desr. (white sweetclover) have been described. however, the details of their responses to sinorhizobium meliloti have not been fully elucidated. we investigated rhizobial entry and colonization using confocal scanning laser microscopy on the masym1-5 mutants and isolated an early nodulin (enod40) gene from wild-type m. alba. we focused on masym3, the least responsive of the mutants to s. meliloti and va-fungi, to dete ... | 2007 | 19516966 |
| genetic characterization of oligopeptide uptake systems in sinorhizobium meliloti. | the genetic characterization of three abc transport systems involved in oligopeptide uptake by sinorhizobium meliloti is reported. oligopeptide permease (opp) encoded by the psymb oppabcd operon, is required for uptake of tetrapeptides and certain tripeptides like 3ala and bialaphos. the chromosomally encoded dipeptide permease (dpp1), also able to import the toxic tripeptide bialaphos, is required for utilization of dipeptides and tripeptides like 3gly and glyglyala, with minor importance for u ... | 2009 | 19522956 |
| a novel red clover hydroxycinnamoyl transferase has enzymatic activities consistent with a role in phaselic acid biosynthesis. | red clover (trifolium pratense) leaves accumulate several mumol g(-1) fresh weight of phaselic acid [2-o-(caffeoyl)-l-malate]. postharvest oxidation of such o-diphenols to o-quinones by endogenous polyphenol oxidases prevents breakdown of forage protein during storage. forage crops like alfalfa (medicago sativa) lack both polyphenol oxidase and o-diphenols, and breakdown of their protein upon harvest and storage results in economic losses and release of excess nitrogen into the environment. unde ... | 2009 | 19525325 |
| a rapid and simple procedure for the depletion of abundant storage proteins from legume seeds to advance proteome analysis: a case study using glycine max. | 2-d analysis of plant proteomes containing thousands of proteins has limited dynamic resolution because only abundant proteins can be detected. proteomic assessment of the non-abundant proteins within seeds is difficult when 60-80% is storage proteins. resolution can be improved through sample fractionation using separation techniques based upon different physiological or biochemical principles. we have developed a fast and simple fractionation technique using 10 mm ca(2+) to precipitate soybean ... | 2009 | 19526550 |
| identification of specific and universal virulence factors in burkholderia cenocepacia strains by using multiple infection hosts. | over the past few decades, strains of the burkholderia cepacia complex have emerged as important pathogens for patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. identification of virulence factors and assessment of the pathogenic potential of burkholderia strains have increased the need for appropriate infection models. in previous studies, different infection hosts, including mammals, nematodes, insects, and plants, have been used. at present, however, the extent to which the virulence factors required ... | 2009 | 19528212 |
| effects of dietary forage level and monensin on lactation performance, digestibility and fecal excretion of nutrients, and efficiency of feed nitrogen utilization of holstein dairy cows. | two experiments (exp. 1 and 2) were conducted using a 4 x 4 latin square design with 2 replications (n = 8) to evaluate effects of feeding holstein dairy cows a total mixed ration containing 50 or 60% of ration dry matter (dm) from forages with or without supplementation of monensin. in exp. 1, alfalfa silage (as) was used as the major forage (55% forage dm), and corn silage (cs; 45% forage dm) was used to make up the rest of the forage portion of diets (55as:45cs). in exp. 2, cs was used as the ... | 2009 | 19528598 |
| a meta-analysis of the effects of dietary protein concentration and degradability on milk protein yield and milk n efficiency in dairy cows. | data sets from north american (na, 739 diets) and north european (ne, 998 diets) feeding trials with dairy cows were evaluated to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (cp) intake and ruminal degradability on milk protein yield (mpy) and efficiency of n utilization for milk protein synthesis (mne; milk n / n intake) in dairy cows. the na diets were based on corn silage, alfalfa silage and hay, corn and barley grains, and soybean meal. the ne diets were based on grass silage, barley an ... | 2009 | 19528599 |
| differences in splanchnic metabolism between late gestation and early lactation dairy cows. | in the transition from the pre- to postcalving state, the demands on the cow increase from support of gestation to high rates of milk production. this extra demand is met partly by increased intake but may also involve altered metabolism of major nutrients. six multiparous holstein cows were used to monitor changes in net fluxes of nutrients across the portal-drained viscera and liver (splanchnic tissues) between late gestation and early lactation. blood samples were obtained simultaneously from ... | 2009 | 19528600 |
| effects of sodium sesquicarbonate on dry matter intake and production of milk and milk components by holstein cows. | forty-six multiparous holstein cows were used to investigate the effects of sodium sesquicarbonate on dry matter intake, body weight, and production and composition of milk during a 308-d lactation. diets contained alfalfa silage, corn silage, and concentrate. composition of diets was changed twice during the 308-d lactation experiment. diets fed during d 1 to 175 and d 176 to 245 were formulated to contain more rumen-undegradable protein and fat, and less forage than that fed during d 246 to 30 ... | 2009 | 19528612 |
| effects of stage of lactation and dietary forage level on body composition of alpine dairy goats. | multiparous alpine does (42) were used to determine how stage of lactation and dietary forage level affect body composition. the feeding and body composition portion of the study had a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. eighteen does were fed a 40% forage diet (40f) and 18 received a diet with 60% forage (60f) for approximately 2, 4, or 6 mo of lactation (59 +/- 1.3, 116 +/- 1.0, and 184 +/- 1.4 d, respectively), followed by determination of body composition (6 does per diet at each time ... | 2009 | 19528614 |
| comparison of full-fat corn germ, whole cottonseed, and tallow as fat sources for lactating dairy cattle. | twenty-four multiparous holstein cows (124 +/- 39 d in milk; 682 +/- 72 kg of body weight) were used in 6 simultaneous 4 x 4 latin squares to evaluate full-fat corn germ as a fat source for lactating dairy cows. experimental diets were a control (containing 28% ground corn, 23% alfalfa hay, 19% wet corn gluten feed, and 10% corn silage, dry matter basis), and 3 diets with either whole cottonseed (wcs), tallow (tal), or full-fat corn germ (ffcg) added to provide 1.6% supplemental fat. cows were f ... | 2009 | 19528615 |
| effects of alfalfa hay inclusion rate on productivity of lactating dairy cattle fed wet corn gluten feed-based diets. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying the alfalfa inclusion rate in diets containing 31% (dry matter basis) wet corn gluten feed (sweet bran, cargill inc.). eighty primiparous and multiparous holstein cows averaging 178 +/- 90 d in milk (mean +/- sd) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 sequences in a 4 x 4 latin square design with 28-d periods. treatments were diets containing 0, 7, 14, or 21% alfalfa on a dry matter basis, with corn silage, corn grain, soybean meal, expell ... | 2009 | 19528629 |
| [increased efficiency of recombinant proteins production in plants due to optimized translation of rna of viral vector]. | one of the most efficient methods for fast and efficient production of the target proteins in plants is based on the use of self-replicating recombinant viral vectors. we constructed phytoviral vector based on the genome of potato x virus containing the sequence of 5'-untranslated region of rna 4 of alfalfa mosaic virus immediately upstream of the target gene. we demonstrated that incorporation of this sequence into the viral vector results in 3-4 fold elevation of the level of production of the ... | 2009 | 19548543 |
| screening of genes induced by salt stress from alfalfa. | an alfalfa cdna library induced by salt stress was constructed by suppression subtraction hybridization (ssh) technology. total rna from 10-day-old seedlings was used as a "driver," and total rna from seedlings induced by salt was used as a "tester". one hundred and nineteen clones identified as positive clones by reverse northern dot-blotting resulted in 82 uni-ests comprised of 16 contigs and 66 singletons. blast analysis of deduced protein sequences revealed that 51 ests had identity similar ... | 2010 | 19572213 |
| risk of subacute ruminal acidosis in sheep with separate access to forage and concentrate. | this study aimed to investigate whether sheep offered free-choice intake of forage and concentrate develop subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) and to identify sara-associated feeding behavior components. in a crossover design over two 28-d periods, 11 rumen-cannulated wethers received wheat and alfalfa hay in 2 separate compartments. concentrate and forage were provided for ad libitum access or in a fixed amount corresponding to 80% of ad libitum hay intake with a concentrate:forage ratio of 60:40 ... | 2009 | 19574575 |
| predicting milk and forage intake of nursing calves. | a theoretical model was developed to predict forage intake of nursing calves based on peak milk level (pml) and bw using data from 39 holstein steer calves individually fed for 200 d with milk replacer reconstituted to equal the fat and protein contents of beef cow milk. treatment levels were amounts of reconstituted milk allowed per day based on lactation curves, which were based on pml of 2.72, 5.44, 8.16, 10.88, and 13.6 kg/d, respectively. chopped alfalfa hay was offered for ad libitum intak ... | 2009 | 19574576 |
| investigation on effect of populus alba stands distance on density of pests and their natural enemies population under poplar/alfalfa agroforestry system. | this study was carried out in order to distinguish the effect of agroforestry system (combination of agriculture and forestry) on pests and natural enemy's population in poplar research station. wood is one of the first substances that naturally was used for a long period of time. forage is an important production of natural resources too. some factors such as proper lands deficit, lack of economy, pest and disease attacks and faced production of these materials with serious challenges. agrofore ... | 2009 | 19579945 |
| characterization of mundticin l, a class iia anti-listeria bacteriocin from enterococcus mundtii cugf08. | enterococcus mundtii cugf08, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from alfalfa sprouts, was found to produce mundticin l, a new class iia bacteriocin that has a high level of inhibitory activity against the genus listeria. the plasmid-associated operons containing genes for the mundticin l precursor, the atp binding cassette (abc) transporter, and immunity were cloned and sequenced. the fifth residue of the conservative consensus sequence ygngx in the mature bacteriocin is leucine instead of valine ... | 2009 | 19581470 |
| effect of foliar feeding on nitrogen assimilation in alfalfa plants at insufficient molybdenum supply. | the influence of foliar feeding on the nitrogen assimilation in alfalfa plants under conditions of mo shortage was studied. it was established that foliar fertilization with 0.3% solution of agroleaf(r) resulted in increase of nitrogen fixation and nitrogen assimilation in the absence of mo. insufficient molybdenum supply leads to significant reduction of plant mo content and nitrogen-fixing activity, while stress induced amino acids as alanine, gaba, threonine, proline and serine increased repe ... | 2009 | 19584030 |
| ethyl acetate extracts of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) sprouts inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. | this study aimed to investigate if food components that exert anti-inflammatory effects may be used for inflammatory disorders by examining alfalfa sprout ethyl acetate extract (asea). the cytokine profile and life span of balb/c mice with acute inflammation after intra-peritoneal (ip) injection of 15 mg/kg bw lipopolysaccharide (lps) were determined. the results showed that the life span of lps-induced inflammatory mice were negatively correlated with serum levels of tnf-alpha, il-6, and il-1be ... | 2009 | 19594948 |
| fatty acid metabolism and deposition in subcutaneous adipose tissue of pasture- and feedlot-finished cattle. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of pasture finishing versus feedlot finishing, over time, on fatty acid metabolism in angus crossbred steers (n = 24). ruminal fluid, serum, and adipose tissue biopsies were obtained on d 0, 28, 84, and 140. pasture forages and diet ingredient samples were obtained at 14-d intervals to determine nutritive value and fatty acid composition. the feedlot diet consisted of corn silage, cracked corn grain, soybean meal, and a vitamin and mineral supp ... | 2009 | 19617512 |
| an alternative method to assess 24-h ruminal in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility. | interassay error caused by the inconsistent nature of rumen fluid inoculum confounds comparisons of forage in vitro neutral detergent fiber (ndf) digestibility (ndfd) analyzed in different repetitions or laboratories. our objective was to determine if priming rumen fluid and allowing it to produce a standard amount of gas before inoculating samples improved assay repeatability. in 2 experiments, we compared interassay error of ndfd estimates between several in vitro assays. in both experiments, ... | 2009 | 19620667 |
| modification of a rumen fluid priming technique for measuring in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility. | recently, we developed an alternate method to measure in vitro neutral detergent fiber (ndf) digestibility (ivndfd) based on a primed rumen fluid inoculum. pretreating rumen fluid inoculum with cellulose and holding the inoculum until it generated 0.3 ml of gas/ml of rumen fluid before inoculating forage samples improved ivndfd assay repeatability but depressed ivndfd means. our objective in this study was to determine if pretreating rumen fluid with a mixture of carbohydrates and urea would aff ... | 2009 | 19620668 |
| effects of dilution rate and retention time of concentrate on efficiency of microbial growth, methane production, and ruminal fermentation in rusitec fermenters. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 dilution rates (dl) and 2 concentrate retention times (rt) on microbial growth, methane production, and fermentation of a 30:70 alfalfa hay:concentrate diet in rusitec fermenters maintained at similar ph. the dl were 3.78 (low dl, ldl) and 5.42%/h (high dl, hdl), and concentrate rt was either 24 h (t24) or 48 h (t48). forage rt was 48 h in all fermenters. apparent disappearance of diet dm and ndf was greater in hdl fermenters compar ... | 2009 | 19620676 |
| [isolation and identification of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and the determination of enzymatic activity]. | we used medicago sativa rhizosphere in shaanxi province of china to isolate and identify hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria that produced acc (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase, and then studied the mechanism why they can promote the growth of plants. | 2009 | 19623965 |
| use of 1% peroxyacetic acid sanitizer in an air-mixing wash basin to remove bacterial pathogens from seeds. | to achieve the production of pathogen-free sprouts, there must be appropriate mixing of liquid sanitizer with the seeds to assure contact. commercial treatments by irradiation or ozone gas of salmonella spp. artificially inoculated seeds were compared, and these resulted in a 1 log reduction after all treatments. use of peroxyacetic acid (1%) sanitizer on salmonella spp. or escherichia coli o157:h7 inoculated alfalfa seeds consistently resulted in a greater than 1 log reduction. in addition, dur ... | 2009 | 19630514 |
| the novel genes emmabc are associated with exopolysaccharide production, motility, stress adaptation, and symbiosis in sinorhizobium meliloti. | the nitrogen-fixing symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti senses and responds to constantly changing environmental conditions as it makes its way through the soil in search of its leguminous plant host, medicago sativa (alfalfa). as a result, this bacterium regulates various aspects of its physiology in order to respond appropriately to stress, starvation, and competition. for example, exopolysaccharide production, which has been shown to play an important role in the ability of s. meliloti to success ... | 2009 | 19633078 |
| rhizobium tibeticum sp. nov., a symbiotic bacterium isolated from trigonella archiducis-nicolai (sirj.) vassilcz. | isolated from root nodules of trigonella archiducis-nicolai (sirj.) vassilcz. grown in tibet, china, cells of the bacterial strains ccbau 85039(t) and ccbau 85027 were gram-negative, aerobic, motile, non-spore-forming rods that formed colonies that were semi-translucent and opalescent on yeast extract-mannitol agar. in numerical taxonomy, sds-page analysis of whole-cell proteins and dna-dna hybridization, the two strains were very similar and were different from reference strains of defined rhiz ... | 2009 | 19643889 |
| evaluating a deer-targeted acaricide applicator for area-wide suppression of blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae), in rhode island. | over a 5-year period, september 1997 through may 2002, as many as 25 u.s. department of agriculture-agricultural research service "4-poster" acaricide applicators were distributed in areas of high deer activity throughout a 518-hectare area in a rural rhode island community. corn consumption and acaricide levels for each device were monitored weekly during each treatment season to assess the degree of deer use. the efficacy of acaricide treatment was determined by comparing relative blacklegged ... | 2009 | 19650734 |
| identification of a hydroxyproline transport system in the legume endosymbiont sinorhizobium meliloti. | hydroxyproline-rich proteins in plants offer a source of carbon and nitrogen to soil-dwelling microorganisms in the form of root exudates and decaying organic matter. this report describes an abc-type transport system dedicated to the uptake of hydroxyproline in the legume endosymbiont sinorhizobium meliloti. we have designated genes involved in hydroxyproline metabolism as hyp genes and show that an s. meliloti strain lacking putative transport genes (deltahypmnpq) is unable to grow with or tra ... | 2009 | 19656046 |
| multilocus sequence analysis of root nodule isolates from lotus arabicus (senegal), lotus creticus, argyrolobium uniflorum and medicago sativa (tunisia) and description of ensifer numidicus sp. nov. and ensifer garamanticus sp. nov. | nine isolates from argyrolobium uniflorum, lotus creticus , medicago sativa (tunisia) and lotus arabicus (senegal) were analysed by multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa) of five housekeeping genes (reca, atpd, glna, glta and thrc), the 16s rrna gene and the nodulation gene noda. analysis of the individual and concatenated gene sequences demonstrated that the nine new strains constituted three stable, well-supported (bootstrap and gene sequence similarity values) monophyletic clusters, a, b and c, ... | 2010 | 19656922 |
| symbiotic diversity of ensifer meliloti strains recovered from various legume species in tunisia. | ensifer meliloti (formerly sinorhizobium meliloti) was first considered as a specific microsymbiont of medicago, melilotus and trigonella. however, strains of e. meliloti were recovered from root nodules of various legume species and their symbiotic status still remains unclear. here, we further investigate the specificity of these strains. a collection of 47 e. meliloti strains isolated in tunisia from root nodules of medicago truncatula, medicago sativa, medicago ciliaris, medicago laciniata, ... | 2009 | 19665858 |
| comparative gene expression profiles between heterotic and non-heterotic hybrids of tetraploid medicago sativa. | heterosis, the superior performance of hybrids relative to parents, has clear agricultural value, but its genetic control is unknown. our objective was to test the hypotheses that hybrids expressing heterosis for biomass yield would show more gene expression levels that were different from midparental values and outside the range of parental values than hybrids that do not exhibit heterosis. | 2009 | 19678936 |
| assessment of uv biological spectral weighting functions for phenolic metabolites and growth responses in silver birch seedlings. | in research concerning stratospheric ozone depletion, action spectra are used as biological spectral weighting functions (bswfs) for describing the effects of uv radiation on plant responses. our aim was to evaluate the appropriateness of six frequently used bswfs that differ in effectiveness with increasing wavelength. the evaluation of action spectra was based on calculating the effective uv radiation doses according to 1-2) two formulations of the generalized plant action spectrum, 3) a spect ... | 2009 | 19682323 |
| nitrogen fertilizer effects on soil carbon balances in midwestern u.s. agricultural systems. | a single ecosystem dominates the midwestern united states, occupying 26 million hectares in five states alone: the corn-soybean agroecosystem [zea mays l.-glycine max (l.) merr.]. nitrogen (n) fertilization could influence the soil carbon (c) balance in this system because the corn phase is fertilized in 97-100% of farms, at an average rate of 135 kg n x ha(-1) x yr(-1). we evaluated the impacts on two major processes that determine the soil c balance, the rates of organic-carbon (oc) inputs and ... | 2009 | 19688919 |
| anthropogenic islands in the arid west: comparing the richness and diversity of insect communities in cultivated fields and neighboring wildlands. | the interface between cultivated fields and wildlands has become a central focus for conservation biology, particularly as previously uncultivated lands worldwide are converted to agriculture at an escalating pace. although research in some parts of the world has highlighted the potential value of agricultural lands for managing and preserving native animals, we know comparatively little about native animals spanning the cultivated/wildlands interface in north america. the study reported here in ... | 2009 | 19689881 |
| reproductive responses of invasive and native predatory lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) to varying prey availability. | as adults, many predatory insects must adjust to a constantly changing prey environment while balancing between survival and reproduction. two laboratory experiments were conducted to compare reproductive responses of females of two species of lady beetles, invasive coccinella septempunctata l. and native c. transversoguttata richardsoni (brown), in utah alfalfa fields to varying availability of prey. when both lady beetles were placed immediately on experimental diets after being collected from ... | 2009 | 19689911 |
| effects of antibiotics and oil on microbial profiles and fermentation in mixed cultures of ruminal microorganisms. | ionophores and supplemental fat are fed to lactating cows to improve feed efficiency. their effect on rumen fermentation is similar, but less is known about their impact on rumen microbes. the objective of this study was to determine the effects of monensin (m), bacitracin (b), and soybean oil (o) on microbial populations. mixed cultures of rumen microbes were incubated in 5 dual-flow continuous fermentors and fed 13.8 g of alfalfa hay pellets daily (dm basis) for 16 d. all fermentors were allow ... | 2009 | 19700708 |
| effect of protein degradability on milk production of dairy ewes. | the objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of protein degradability of dairy sheep diets on milk yield and protein utilization across 2 levels of milk production. three diets were formulated to provide similar energy concentrations and varying concentrations of rumen-degradable protein (rdp) and rumen-undegradable protein (rup): 12% rdp and 4% rup (12-4) included basal levels of rdp and rup, 12% rdp and 6% rup (12-6) included additional rup, and 14% rdp and 4% rup (14-4) includ ... | 2009 | 19700712 |
| type of corn endosperm influences nutrient digestibility in lactating dairy cows. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of type of corn endosperm on nutrient digestibility in lactating dairy cows. near-isogenic variants of an oh43 x w64a normal dent endosperm hybrid carrying floury-2 or opaque-2 alleles were grown in spatial isolation in field plots and harvested as dry shelled corn. six ruminally cannulated, multiparous holstein cows (67 +/- 9 d in milk at trial initiation) were randomly assigned to a replicated 3 x 3 latin square design with 14-d periods; the f ... | 2009 | 19700716 |
| influence of intercropping and intercropping plus rhizobial inoculation on microbial activity and community composition in rhizosphere of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and siberian wild rye (elymus sibiricus l.). | alfalfa-siberian wild rye intercropping is the predominant cropping system used to produce forage in china. in this study, the effects of intercropping and intercropping-rhizobial inoculation on soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere were examined. in both treatments, the yield of alfalfa, microbial biomass and activities of soil urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase in the alfalfa rhizosphere were markedly increased, whereas there w ... | 2009 | 19702874 |
| responses of the model legume medicago truncatula to the rhizobial exopolysaccharide succinoglycan. | many species of rhizobial bacteria can invade their plant hosts and induce development of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodules only if they are able to produce an acidic exopolysaccharide (eps) with certain structural and molecular weight characteristics.1-3sinorhizobium meliloti that produces the functional form of the exopolysaccharide succinoglycan induces formation of invasion structures called infection threads in the root hair cells of its plant hosts alfalfa and medicago truncatula. however, ... | 2008 | 19704531 |
| a wd40 repeat protein from medicago truncatula is necessary for tissue-specific anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis but not for trichome development. | wd40 repeat proteins regulate biosynthesis of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins (pas), and mucilage in the seed and the development of trichomes and root hairs. we have cloned and characterized a wd40 repeat protein gene from medicago truncatula (mtwd40-1) via a retrotransposon-tagging approach. deficiency of mtwd40-1 expression blocks accumulation of mucilage and a range of phenolic compounds, including pas, epicatechin, other flavonoids, and benzoic acids, in the seed, reduces epicatechin levels ... | 2009 | 19710231 |
| the effect of ph and a bacteriocin (bovicin hc5) on clostridium sporogenes md1, a bacterium that has the ability to degrade amino acids in ensiled plant materials. | fresh plant materials can be fermented and preserved as silage for cattle, but clostridia that deaminate amino acids increase ph. if the ph of the silage rises, spoilage microorganisms proliferate, and undesirable products accumulate. rod-shaped, anaerobic bacteria with spores were isolated from fresh alfalfa, fresh corn, and silages. strain md1 had the highest specific activity of amino acid deamination, and it was most closely related to clostridium botulinum a and b. however, because strain m ... | 2004 | 19712336 |
| combined use of different gfp reporters for monitoring single-cell activities of a genetically modified pcb degrader in the rhizosphere of alfalfa. | single-cell localization and activity of pseudomonas fluorescens f113, colonizing alfalfa roots, were monitored using fusions of the escherichia coli rrnbp1 ribosomal promoter and gfp genes encoding green fluorescent protein (gfp) of different stability. the monitoring systems permitted non-destructive in situ detection of f113rifpcb cells on the entire root system grown in both the presence and absence of 3-chlorobiphenyl (pcb-2). the root tip and sites of lateral root emergence were found to b ... | 2004 | 19712397 |
| attachment to plant roots and nod gene expression are not affected by ph or calcium in the acid-tolerant alfalfa-nodulating bacteria rhizobium sp. lpu83. | soil acidification is one of the environmental factors that more strongly hampers the establishment of an effective symbiotic interaction between rhizobia and leguminous plants. sinorhizobium meliloti and the acid-tolerant rhizobium sp. strain lpu83 are able to nodulate alfalfa plants at ph 5.6 but both exhibit a delayed nodulation and a reduction in the number of elicited nodules. we show here that the addition of calcium (ca) has no positive effect on the nodulation kinetics shown by lpu83 at ... | 2004 | 19712432 |
| a generic method to identify plant viruses by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry of their coat proteins. | although a number of protocols have been developed for detection of viruses at the genus or family level, universal approaches to detect and identify unknown viruses are still required. high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify accurately peptide masses and their constituent sequences from partially purified plant virus preparations. analysis of the peptide fragment masses against a virus database using pattern-matching algorithms identified sequences with homology to known v ... | 2010 | 19712699 |
| previously uncharacterized salmonella enterica genes required for swarming play a role in seedling colonization. | incidences of bacterial foodborne illness caused by ingestion of fresh produce are rising. instead of this being due to incidental contamination, the animal pathogen salmonella enterica utilizes specific molecular mechanisms to attach to and colonize plants. this work characterizes two s. enterica genes of unknown function: a putative periplasmic protein, stm0278, and a putative protein with a hydrolase in the c-terminus, stm0650. stm0278 and stm0650 are important for seedling colonization but a ... | 2009 | 19713240 |
| effects of level of condensed distillers solubles in corn dried distillers grains on intake, daily body weight gain, and digestibility in growing steers fed forage diets1. | three experiments were conducted examining the effects of feeding different levels of dried distillers grains (ddg) and different proportions of condensed distillers solubles (cds) added to ddg on performance and digestibility in forage-fed steers. in exp. 1, a total of 120 individually fed crossbred steers (276 +/- 31 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design with a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement of treatments. factors included ddg supplementation level (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.0% of bw d ... | 2009 | 19717786 |
| potential use of supercritical carbon dioxide to decontaminate escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella typhimurium in alfalfa sprouted seeds. | we sought to develop a method of decontaminating alfalfa sprouts of escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella typhimurium without altering the seed germination capability using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-co(2)). samples were treated with sc-co(2) at 10, 15, or 20 mpa and temperatures of 35, 40, or 45 degrees c for 5, 10, or 15 min. the germination percentage was measured after three days of germination. generally, treating seeds with sc-co(2) at higher pressures, tem ... | 2009 | 19733412 |
| the rkp-1 cluster is required for secretion of kdo homopolymeric capsular polysaccharide in sinorhizobium meliloti strain rm1021. | under conditions of nitrogen stress, leguminous plants form symbioses with soil bacteria called rhizobia. this partnership results in the development of structures called root nodules, in which differentiated endosymbiotic bacteria reduce molecular dinitrogen for the host. the establishment of rhizobium-legume symbioses requires the bacterial synthesis of oligosaccharides, exopolysaccharides, and capsular polysaccharides. previous studies suggested that the 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic a ... | 2009 | 19734304 |
| cardiac hypertrophy in mice with long-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase or very long-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency. | cardiac hypertrophy is a common finding in human patients with inborn errors of long-chain fatty acid oxidation. mice with either very long-chain acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency (vlcad-/-) or long-chain acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency (lcad-/-) develop cardiac hypertrophy. cardiac hypertrophy, initially measured using heart/body weight ratios, was manifested most severely in lcad-/- male mice. vlcad-/- mice, as a group, showed a mild increase in normalized cardiac mass (8.8% hy ... | 2009 | 19736549 |
| prewinter management affects megachile rotundata (hymenoptera: megachilidae) prepupal physiology and adult emergence and survival. | the alfalfa leafcutting bee, megachile rotundata f. (hymenoptera: megachilidae), is widely used as a pollinator for production of alfalfa, medicago sativa l., seed, and populations of these bees can be maintained by alfalfa seed growers or can be purchased from mostly canadian bee providers. m. rotundata raised in canada have higher survival rates during the incubation that occurs after winter storage than do bees produced in the northwestern united states, but no reason has been found for this ... | 2009 | 19736750 |
| characterization of green-tissue protein extract from alfalfa (medicago sativa) exploiting a 3-d technique. | there is a growing interest of pharmaceutical companies for plant-based production systems. to facilitate the general acceptance of plants as bioreactors, the establishment of efficient downstream operations is critical. it has been proposed that a better understanding of the properties of the contaminant proteins can benefit downstream processing design and operation. the coupled application of 2-de with aqueous two-phase partitioning has been suggested as a practical 3-d method to characterize ... | 2009 | 19746403 |
| enhanced phytoremediation potential of polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated soil from e-waste recycling area in the presence of randomly methylated-beta-cyclodextrins. | the crude recycling of electronic and electric waste (e-waste) is now creating soil pollution problems with organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). the present study aimed to compare the phytoremediation potential of four plant species (rice, alfalfa, ryegrass and tall fescue) for pcbs contaminated soil from taizhou city, one of the largest e-waste recycling centers in china. in addition, the enhanced effects of randomly methylated-beta-cyclodextrins (rameb) on pcbs phytoreme ... | 2009 | 19748180 |
| the development of lactic acid bacteria and lactobacillus buchneri and their effects on the fermentation of alfalfa silage. | this study was conducted to document the development of populations of lactic acid bacteria (lab) and lactobacillus buchneri in alfalfa silage treated with various inoculants. wilted and chopped alfalfa (45% dry matter) was treated with 1) distilled water (untreated, u), 2) lactobacillus buchneri 40788 (4 x 10(5) cfu/g; lb), or 3) l. buchneri 40788 (4 x 10(5) cfu/g) and pediococcus pentosaceus (1 x 10(5) cfu/g; lbpp). forages were packed into triplicate vacuum-sealed, nylon-polyethylene bags per ... | 2009 | 19762819 |
| utilizing fungus myceliated grain for molt induction and performance in commercial laying hens. | molting in poultry is used to rejuvenate hens for a second or third laying cycle. feed withdrawal was once the most effective method used for molt induction; however, it has being phased out due to food safety and animal welfare concerns. this study evaluated the utilization of fungus myceliated grain as a safe and effective alternative for inducing molt, enhancing immunity, reducing salmonella growth, and returning to egg production. laying hens were subjected to 1 of 5 treatments: 1) nonfed (n ... | 2009 | 19762853 |
| water and phosphorus content affect pah dissipation in spiked soil planted with mycorrhizal alfalfa and tall fescue. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) dissipation efficiency can be increased in the plant rhizosphere, but may be affected by various environmental factors. we investigated the effects of the watering regime and phosphorus concentration on pah dissipation in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal plants in a pot experiment. two plant species, alfalfa (medicago sativa) and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), were co-cultured and inoculated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus (glomus intraradices) ... | 2009 | 19775720 |
| the low-molecular-weight fraction of exopolysaccharide ii from sinorhizobium meliloti is a crucial determinant of biofilm formation. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a soil bacterium that elicits the formation of root organs called nodules on its host plant, medicago sativa. inside these structures, the bacteria are able to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which is then used by the plant as a nitrogen source. the synthesis by s. meliloti of at least one exopolysaccharide, succinoglycan or eps ii, is essential for a successful symbiosis. while exopolysaccharide-deficient mutants induce the formation of nodules, they fail to ... | 2009 | 19783627 |
| rumen microbiome composition determined using two nutritional models of subacute ruminal acidosis. | subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) is a metabolic disease in dairy cattle that occurs during early and mid-lactation and has traditionally been characterized by low rumen ph, but lactic acid does not accumulate as in acute lactic acid acidosis. it is hypothesized that factors such as increased gut permeability, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and inflammatory responses may have a role in the etiology of sara. however, little is known about the nature of the rumen microbiome during sara. in this stu ... | 2009 | 19783747 |
| higher accumulation of f1-v fusion recombinant protein in plants after induction of protein body formation. | improving foreign protein accumulation is crucial for enhancing the commercial success of plant-based production systems since product yields have a major influence on process economics. cereal grain evolved to store large amounts of proteins in tightly organized aggregates. in maize, gamma-zein is the major storage protein synthesized by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (er) and stored in specialized organelles called protein bodies (pb). zera (gamma-zein er-accumulating domain) is the n-termina ... | 2010 | 19789982 |
| elevated co2 concentration around alfalfa nodules increases n2 fixation. | nodule co2 fixation via pepc provides malate for bacteroids and oxaloacetate for n assimilation. the process is therefore of central importance for efficient nitrogen fixation. nodule co2 fixation is known to depend on external co2 concentration. the hypothesis of the present paper was that nitrogen fixation in alfalfa plants is enhanced when the nodules are exposed to elevated co2 concentrations. therefore nodulated plants of alfalfa were grown in a hydroponic system that allowed separate aerat ... | 2009 | 19815686 |
| evaluation of dried distillers grains and roughage source in steam-flaked corn finishing diets. | two studies were conducted to evaluate effects of dried distillers grains with solubles (ddgs) and alfalfa hay (ah) or corn silage (cs) on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, ruminal fermentation, and diet digestibility in cattle fed steam-flaked corn (sfc) diets. in trial 1, crossbred heifers (n = 358; bw = 353 +/- 13 kg) were used in a finishing trial to evaluate interactions between corn-ddgs and roughage source (ah or cs) in terms of impact on feedlot performance and carcass charac ... | 2010 | 19820042 |