| phylogeny of stemphylium spp. based on its and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene sequences. | the phylogenetic relationships among 44 isolates representing 16 species of stemphylium were inferred from its and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) sequence data. the results generally agree with morphological species concepts. there was strong support for monophyly of the genus stemphylium. analysis of the gpd fragment in particular was useful for establishing well-supported relationships among the species and isolates of stemphylium. species of stemphylium that appear to have los ... | 2002 | 21156539 |
| phytoestrogenic compounds in alfalfa sprout (medicago sativa) beyond coumestrol. | coumestrol has long been known as the phytoestrogenic compound in alfalfa. however, it has been demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract of alfalfa sprout (aea) attenuated the disease severity and increased survival and life span of autoimmune-prone mrl-lpr/lpr mice. coumestrol, on the contrary, decreased the survival. this study thus aimed to isolate and identify phytoestrogenic compounds other than coumestrol in aea. aea was fractionated and separated by successive silica gel chromatography ... | 2010 | 21158449 |
| influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium on phytoremediation by alfalfa of an agricultural soil contaminated with weathered pcbs: a field study. | a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus caledonium and/or rhizobium meliloti on phytoremediation of an agricultural soil contaminated with weathered pcbs by alfalfa grown for 180 days. planting alfalfa (p), alfalfa inoculated with g. caledonium (p + am), alfalfa inoculated with r. meliloti (p + r), and alfalfa co-inoculated with r. meliloti and g. caledonium (p+am+r) decreased significantly initial soil pcb concentrations ... | 2010 | 21166292 |
| influence of rhizobium meliloti on phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by alfalfa in an aged contaminated soil. | microbe-assisted phytoremediation is emerging as one of the most effective means by which plants and their associated rhizosphere microbes degrade organic contaminants in soils. a pot study was conducted to examine the effects of inoculation with rhizobium meliloti on phytoremediation by alfalfa grown for 90 days in an agricultural soil contaminated with weathered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). planting with uninoculated alfalfa (p) and alfalfa inoculated with r. meliloti (pr) signific ... | 2010 | 21177027 |
| effect of early feed type exposure on diet-selection behavior of dairy calves. | dairy cattle exhibit characteristic feeding behavior patterns that may be influenced by early experiences. the objective of this study was to determine how early exposure to different feed types affects diet selection behavior of dairy calves once fed a mixed ration after weaning off milk. eight holstein bull calves were randomly assigned at birth to a feed exposure treatment: concentrate or grass/alfalfa hay, offered ad libitum. all calves were offered 8 l/d of milk replacer [1.2 kg of dry matt ... | 2011 | 21183044 |
| population structure of rumen escherichia coli associated with subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) in dairy cattle. | previous studies indicated that only subacute ruminal acidosis (sara), induced by feeding a high-grain diet, is associated with an inflammatory response and increased abundance of escherichia coli in the rumen. we hypothesized that ruminal e. coli in grain pellet-induced sara carried virulence factors that potentially contribute to the immune activation during sara. one hundred twenty-nine e. coli isolates were cultured from the rumens of 8 cows (4 animals per treatment) in which sara had been n ... | 2011 | 21183045 |
| interactions of monensin with dietary fat and carbohydrate components on ruminal fermentation and production responses by dairy cows. | variation in milk fat percentage resulting from monensin supplementation to lactating dairy cows could be due to altered ruminal fermentation with interactions of monensin with ruminal biohydrogenation of fat and ruminal carbohydrate availability. the objective of the study was to determine the effects of feeding monensin as rumensin (r) in diets differing in starch availability (ground or steam-flaked corn), effective fiber (long or short alfalfa hay, lah or sah), and 4% fat (f) from distillers ... | 2011 | 21183050 |
| effect of rumen-undegradable protein supplementation and fresh forage composition on nitrogen utilization of dairy ewes. | previous trials with dairy ewes fed stored feeds indicate a positive effect of rumen-undegradable protein (rup) supplementation on milk yield. however, dairy sheep production in the united states is primarily based on grazing mixed grass-legume pastures, which contain a high proportion of rumen-degradable protein. two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of high-rup protein supplementation and fresh forage composition on milk yield and n utilization of lactating dairy ewes fed in confin ... | 2011 | 21183052 |
| role of pollen allergy in taiwanese patients with allergic rhinitis. | pollen allergy is believed to be less common in east asia, latin america, and tropical areas. the purpose of this study was to understand the role of pollen allergy in taiwan. | 2010 | 21195885 |
| immunodetection of retinoblastoma-related protein and its phosphorylated form in interphase and mitotic alfalfa cells. | plant retinoblastoma-related (rbr) proteins are primarily considered as key regulators of g(1)/s phase transition, with functional roles in a variety of cellular events during plant growth and organ development. polyclonal antibody against the c-terminal region of the arabidopsis rbr1 protein also specifically recognizes the alfalfa 115 kda msrbr protein, as shown by the antigen competition assay. the msrbr protein was detected in all cell cycle phases, with a moderate increase in samples repres ... | 2010 | 21196474 |
| do sheep (ovis aries) categorize plant species according to botanical family? | the ability of grazing herbivores to assign food types to categories by relying on certain relevant criteria could considerably reduce cognitive demand and increase their foraging efficiency when selecting among many different plant items. grasses and legumes differ functionally in vegetation communities as well as in nutritive value. we aimed to determine whether sheep can generalize an aversion they learnt for a grass or a legume species to another species of the same functional type and conse ... | 2011 | 21203791 |
| phylogenetic diversity and dietary association of rumen treponema revealed using group-specific 16s rrna gene-based analysis. | treponema spp. are a commonly detected bacterial group in the rumen that are involved in the degradation of soluble fibers. in this study, a ruminal treponema group-specific pcr primer targeting the 16s rrna gene was designed and used to assess the phylogenetic diversity and diet association of this group in sheep rumen. total dna was extracted from rumen digesta of three sheep fed a diet based on alfalfa/orchardgrass hay or concentrate. the real-time pcr quantification indicated that the relati ... | 2011 | 21204927 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium dt 104 on alfalfa seeds by levulinic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate. | studies were conducted to determine the best concentration and exposure time for treatment of alfalfa seeds with levulinic acid plus sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) to inactivate escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella without adversely affecting seed germination. alfalfa seeds inoculated with a five-strain mixture of e. coli o157:h7 or salmonella typhimurium were dried in a laminar flow hood at 21°c for up to 72 h. inoculated alfalfa seeds dried for 4 h then treated for 5 min at 21°c with 0.5% lev ... | 2010 | 21219712 |
| biofortification of soybean meal: immunological properties of the 27 kda γ-zein. | legumes, including soybeans ( glycine max ), are deficient in sulfur-containing amino acids, which are required for the optimal growth of monogastric animals. this deficiency can be overcome by expressing heterologous proteins rich in sulfur-containing amino acids in soybean seeds. a maize 27 kda γ-zein, a cysteine-rich protein, has been successfully expressed in several crops including soybean, barley, and alfalfa with the intent to biofortify these crops for animal feed. previous work has show ... | 2011 | 21226519 |
| effect of different levels of copper and molybdenum supplements on performance, nutrient digestibility, and follicle characteristics in cashmere goats. | a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to investigate the effects of different levels of copper (cu, 0, 19, and 38 mg/kg, dry matter (dm)) and molybdenum (mo, 0 and 5 mg/kg, dm) supplements and an interaction of these two factors on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and cashmere and follicle characteristics in cashmere goats. thirty-six liaoning cashmere goats (approximately 1.5 years of age; 27.53 ± 1.38 kg of body weight) were assigned randomly to one of six treatments ... | 2011 | 21240567 |
| improved milk production efficiency in early lactation dairy cattle with dietary addition of a developmental fibrolytic enzyme additive. | a 3-part study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a developmental fibrolytic enzyme additive on the digestibility of selected forages and the production performance of early-lactation dairy cows. in part 1, 4 replicate 24-h batch culture in vitro incubations were conducted with alfalfa hay, alfalfa silage, and barley silage as substrates and ruminal fluid as the inoculum. a developmental fibrolytic enzyme additive (ab vista, marlborough, uk) was added at 5 doses: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 µ ... | 2011 | 21257058 |
| effect of the provision of a low-nutritive feedstuff on the behavior of dairy heifers limit fed a high-concentrate ration. | the objective of this study was to examine the behavioral and growth responses of dairy heifers when a low-nutritive feedstuff was provided with (either within or alongside) a limit-fed ration. twenty-four holstein dairy heifers (187 ± 11.3 d of age, 231.1 ± 12.0kg), divided in groups of 4, were exposed to each of 3 treatments in a replicated latin square design with 28-d periods. the treatment rations were (1) total mixed ration (tmr) in a limited amount (tmr-l), (2) tmr in a limited amount wit ... | 2011 | 21257062 |
| effect of dietary cation-anion difference on urinary ph, feedlot performance, nitrogen mass balance, and manure ph in open feedlot pens. | six experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary cation-anion difference (dcad) in concentrate diets on urinary ph, feedlot performance, and n mass balance. in exp. 1, 15 wether lambs (33.5 ± 3.0 kg) in five 3 × 3 latin squares were fed a basal diet of 82.5% dry-rolled corn (drc), 7.5% alfalfa hay, 5% molasses, and 5% supplement with different proportions of anionic and cationic salts. the dcad was -45, -24, -16, -8, 0, +8, +16, +24, +32, and +40 meq per 100 g of dm with the control basal diet ... | 2011 | 21262979 |
| a simple, highly efficient method for heterologous expression in mammalian primary neurons using cationic lipid-mediated mrna transfection. | expression of heterologous proteins in adult mammalian neurons is a valuable technique for the study of neuronal function. the post-mitotic nature of mature neurons prevents effective dna transfection using simple, cationic lipid-based methods. adequate heterologous protein expression is often only achievable using complex techniques that, in many cases, are associated with substantial toxicity. here, a simple method for high efficiency transfection of mammalian primary neurons using in vitro tr ... | 2010 | 21267423 |
| zoonotic ectopic fascioliasis: review and discussion. | ectopic fascioliasis (ef) has direct and indirect effects on both humans and animals. the phenomenon of ef was individual cases in the period from 1950 up to the end of last century. from the period of 2000 up to 2006, plenty of researches were on ef in the developed and undeveloped countries. nineteen ef cases infected with the immature and few with the mature worms were 13 females and 6 males. three cases of lymphatic, pleural and breast fascioliasis reached the adults and laid their eggs in a ... | 2010 | 21268530 |
| failure to fix nitrogen by non-reproductive symbiotic rhizobia triggers host sanctions that reduce fitness of their reproductive clonemates. | the legume-rhizobia symbiosis is a classical mutualism where fixed carbon and nitrogen are exchanged between the species. nonetheless, the plant carbon that fuels nitrogen (n(2)) fixation could be diverted to rhizobial reproduction by 'cheaters'--rhizobial strains that fix less n(2) but potentially gain the benefit of fixation by other rhizobia. host sanctions can decrease the relative fitness of less-beneficial reproductive bacteroids and prevent cheaters from breaking down the mutualism. howev ... | 2011 | 21270038 |
| design, synthesis, and insecticidal activities of novel monohalovinylated pyrethroids. | a series of novel monohalovinylated pyrethroids are designed and synthesized to replace one halo atom with a hydrogen atom on the double bond of dihalopyrethroids. bioassays indicate that some of the synthesized compounds, such as 3j and 1j, exhibit high insecticidal activities against mosquitoes ( culex pipiens pallens ), oriental armyworms ( mythimna separata ), alfalfa aphids ( aphis medicagini ), and carmine spider mites ( tetranychus cinnabarinus ). photolytic results of e-cis-1j suggest th ... | 2011 | 21275401 |
| natural populations of lactic acid bacteria associated with silage fermentation as determined by phenotype, 16s ribosomal rna and reca gene analysis. | one hundred and fifty-six strains isolated from corn (zea mays l.), forage paddy rice (oryza sativa l.), sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) and alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) silages prepared on dairy farms were screened, of which 110 isolates were considered to be lactic acid bacteria (lab) according to their gram-positive and catalase-negative characteristics and, mainly, the lactic acid metabolic products. these isolates were divided into eight groups (a-h) based on the following properties: morpholo ... | 2011 | 21282025 |
| measurement of 13c and 15n isotope labeling by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry to study amino acid fluxes in a plant-microbe symbiotic association. | we have developed a method based on a double labeling with stable isotopes and gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (gc/c/irms) analyses to study amino acid exchange in a symbiotic plant-microbe association. isotopic precision was studied for 21 standards including 15 amino acid derivatives, three n-protected amino acid methyl esters, three amines and one international standard. high correlations were observed between the d(13)c and d(15)n values obtained by gc/c/irms an ... | 2011 | 21290446 |
| molecular cloning, characterization, and expression of an alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) heme oxygenase-1 gene, msho1, which is pro-oxidants-regulated. | it has been documented that plant heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1; ec 1.14.99.3) is both development- and stress-regulated, thus it plays a vital role in light signalling and stress responses. in this study, an alfalfa (medica sativa l.) ho-1 gene msho1 was isolated and sequenced. it contains four exons and three introns within genomic dna sequence and encodes a polypeptide with 283 amino acids. msho1 had a conserved ho signature sequence and showed high similarity to other hos in plants, especially ho-1 ... | 2011 | 21316255 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of a spanish isolate of alfalfa mosaic virus: evidence for additional genetic variability. | alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) is a plant virus that is distributed worldwide and can induce necrosis and/or yellow mosaic on a large variety of plant species, including commercially important crops. it is the only virus of the genus alfamovirus in the family bromoviridae. amv isolates can be clustered into two genetic groups that correlate with their geographic origin. here, we report for the first time the complete nucleotide sequence of a spanish isolate of amv found infecting cape honeysuckle (t ... | 2011 | 21327783 |
| first genomic analysis of the broad-host-range rhizobium sp. lpu83 strain, a member of the low-genetic diversity oregon-like rhizobium sp. group. | alfalfa (medicago sativa) is the most cultivated forage legume for cattle and animal feeding, occupying about 32 million hectares over the world. management of the n(2)-fixing symbiosis of this plant to maximize crop production is therefore an important objective. a fundamental constraint to this aim emerges when a moderately low soil ph hampers the establishment of an effective symbiosis with indigenous and/or inoculated rhizobia. besides the association of alfalfa with ensifer (sinorhizobium) ... | 2011 | 21329739 |
| the effect of the feed-to-buffer ratio on bacterial diversity and ruminal fermentation in single-flow continuous-culture fermenters. | eight single-flow continuous-culture fermenters were used in a completely randomized block design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments to investigate the effects of the feed-to-buffer ratio (f/b) on ruminal fermentation, the diversity and community structure of bacteria, nutrient digestibility, and n metabolism. four diets with forage-to-concentrate ratios of 70:30 or 30:70 with alfalfa or grass hay as forage were supplied to fermenters twice per day at 2 different f/b (23.5 and 35 g ... | 2011 | 21338803 |
| modeling degradation ratios and nutrient availability of anthocyanidin-accumulating lc-alfalfa populations in dairy cows. | dairy cattle eating fresh or ensiled alfalfa as the main portion of their diet often have low protein efficiency because of the rapid initial rate of ruminal protein degradation of fresh and ensiled alfalfa. ruminal protein degradation of alfalfa might be reduced by introducing a gene that stimulates the accumulation of mono- or polymeric anthocyanidins in alfalfa. the objectives of this study were to fractionate protein and carbohydrates by in situ and chemical approaches, to evaluate in situ r ... | 2011 | 21338808 |
| effects of methanogenic inhibitors on methane production and abundances of methanogens and cellulolytic bacteria in in vitro ruminal cultures. | the objective of this study was to systematically evaluate and compare the effects of select antimethanogen compounds on methane production, feed digestion and fermentation, and populations of ruminal bacteria and methanogens using in vitro cultures. seven compounds, including 2-bromoethanesulphonate (bes), propynoic acid (pa), nitroethane (ne), ethyl trans-2-butenoate (etb), 2-nitroethanol (2neoh), sodium nitrate (sn), and ethyl-2-butynote (eb), were tested at a final concentration of 12 mm. gr ... | 2011 | 21357427 |
| malate synthase expression is deregulated in the pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis isolate frd1. | pseudomonas aeruginosa causes chronic pulmonary infections, which can persist for decades, in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). current evidence suggests that the glyoxylate pathway is an important metabolic pathway for p. aeruginosa growing within the cf lung. in this study, we identified glcb, which encodes for the second key enzyme of the glyoxylate pathway, malate synthase, as a requirement for virulence of p. aeruginosa on alfalfa seedlings. while expression of glcb in pao1, an acute isol ... | 2011 | 21358759 |
| controlling the expression of rhizobial genes during nodule development with elements and an inducer of the lac operon. | a simple strategy was tested for imposing artificial regulation of rhizobial genes during nodule development. isopropyl-ß-d-1-thiogalactoside (iptg) was added to liquid root media to sustain expression of rhizobial genes controlled by escherichia coli lac promoter/operators and repressor gene laci. conversely, a rinsing protocol was devised to remove iptg sufficiently that genes could be repressed after having been induced. gusa under this control exhibited clearly delineated expression and repr ... | 2011 | 21375387 |
| suggesting the use of integrated methods for vole population management in alfalfa fields. | human-made agro-ecosystems lack negative feedback controls, which may result in rodent population explosions, causing considerable economic loss and thus increasing human-wildlife conflicts. the traditional solution is the extensive use of rodenticides, which have a negative impact on the environment. in beit-sheaan valley, israel, which is located on a major route for migrating birds, poisoning of voles may result in the death of birds that prey on the dead voles (e.g. storks and herons). in th ... | 2007 | 21396034 |
| effects of roughage source and distillers grain concentration on beef cattle finishing performance, carcass characteristics, and in vitro fermentation. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of wet distillers grains plus solubles (dg) and roughage source on finishing cattle performance, carcass characteristics, and in vitro fermentation. in exp. 1, crossbred beef steers (n=224, initial bw=349 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design with a 2 +ù 3 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments. experimental diets were a standard steam-flaked corn (sfc)-based control (no dg and 10% alfalfa hay), and either 15 or 30% dg (dm bas ... | 2011 | 21398563 |
| transgenic alfalfa plants co-expressing glutathione s-transferase (gst) and human cyp2e1 show enhanced resistance to mixed contaminates of heavy metals and organic pollutants. | transgenic alfalfa plants simultaneously expressing human cyp2e1 and glutathione s-transferase (gst) were generated from hypocotyl segments by the use of an agrobacterium transformation system for the phytoremediation of the mixed contaminated soil with heavy metals and organic pollutants. the transgenic alfalfa plants were screened by a combination of kanamycin resistance, pcr, gst and cyp2e1 activity and western blot analysis. the capabilities of mixed contaminants (heavy metals-organic compou ... | 2011 | 21411224 |
| occurrence of associative effects between grasses and legumes in binary mixtures on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. | when animals are fed a grass and legume mixture, digestive interactions can occur in the rumen between the substrates contained in the different plants, and the response of the animal to the combination of forages can differ from the balanced median values of their components considered individually. our objective was to assess the associative effects between temperate forages in 8 grass-legume binary combinations on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics to highlight synergies or antagonis ... | 2011 | 21415423 |
| a high-definition native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system for the analysis of membrane complexes. | native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) is an important technique for the analysis of membrane protein complexes. a major breakthrough was the development of blue native (bn-) and high resolution clear native (hrcn-) page techniques. although these techniques are very powerful, they could not be applied to all systems with the same resolution. we have developed an alternative protocol for the analysis of membrane protein complexes of plant chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, which we termed ... | 2011 | 21418111 |
| effects of jugular-infused lysine, methionine, and branched-chain amino acids on milk protein synthesis in high-producing dairy cows. | in addition to lysine and methionine, current ration-balancing programs suggest that branched-chain amino acid (bcaa) supply may also be limiting in dairy cows. the objective of this study was to investigate whether bcaa, leucine, isoleucine, and valine become limiting for milk protein synthesis when methionine and lysine supply were not limiting. nine multiparous holstein cows with an average milk production of 53.5±7.1 kg/d were randomly assigned to 7-d continuous jugular infusions of saline ( ... | 2011 | 21426986 |
| performance of lactating dairy cows fed corn as whole plant silage and grain produced from genetically modified corn containing event das-59122-7 compared to a nontransgenic, near-isogenic control. | the nutritional equivalency of grain plus whole plant silage from genetically modified corn plants containing the das-59122-7 (59122) event expressing the cry34ab1 and cry35ab1 proteins to grain and silage from a near-isogenic corn hybrid without this trait (control) was assessed using lactating dairy cows. corn plants with event 59122 are resistant to western corn rootworm and tolerant to the herbicide active ingredient glufosinate-ammonium. effects on feed intake, milk production, and milk com ... | 2011 | 21426987 |
| effect of feeding different sources of rumen-protected methionine on milk production and n-utilization in lactating dairy cows. | objectives of this study were to quantify production responses of lactating dairy cows to supplying absorbable met as isopropyl-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (hmbi), or rumen-protected met (rpm, smartamine m; adisseo, alpharetta, ga) fed with or without 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (hmb), and to determine whether met supplementation will allow the feeding of reduced dietary crude protein (cp). seventy cows were blocked by parity and days in milk into 14 blocks and randomly ass ... | 2011 | 21426989 |
| biochemical characterization of sinorhizobium meliloti mutants reveals gene products involved in the biosynthesis of the unusual lipid a very long-chain fatty acid. | sinorhizobium meliloti forms a symbiosis with the legume alfalfa, whereby it differentiates into a nitrogen-fixing bacteroid. the lipid a species of s. meliloti are modified with very long-chain fatty acids (vlcfas), which play a central role in bacteroid development. a six-gene cluster was hypothesized to be essential for the biosynthesis of vlcfa-modified lipid a. previously, two cluster gene products, acpxl and lpxxl, were found to be essential for s. meliloti lipid a vlcfa biosynthesis. in t ... | 2011 | 21454518 |
| feeding behavior and performance of lambs are influenced by flavor diversity. | this study determined whether early experiences of sheep with the same feed, but presented in multiple or single flavors, would influence intake, the profile of hormones involved in feed intake regulation, and the subsequent acceptability of novel feeds. thirty-five 2-mo-old lambs were randomly assigned to 5 treatments (7 lambs/treatment). lambs in 1 treatment (the diversity treatment) were simultaneously fed an unflavored plain ration of alfalfa (control) and barley (75:25; as-fed basis) and th ... | 2011 | 21454862 |
| rumen fermentation and histology in light lambs as affected by forage supply and lactation length. | this study determined whether the rumen fermentation and histology traits may reflect the feeding strategy in light lambs (22-24kg). thirty-two single rasa aragonesa lambs were assigned to one of four treatments in a 2×2 factorial design. the factors were the inclusion of forage in the diet (alfalfa grazing vs. concentrate-fed indoors) and lactation length (weaning at 13kg vs. suckling until slaughter). a multivariate canonical analysis discriminated individuals among feeding strategies. the mai ... | 2011 | 21458834 |
| rumen development and growth of balouchi lambs offered alfalfa hay pre- and post-weaning. | the consumption of solid feed is essential for successful transition from a pre-ruminant to a functional digestive tract. lambs fed starter rations containing highly fermentable carbohydrates often experience dramatic changes in concentrations of rumen and blood metabolites. the optimal amount of roughage required in the diet of pre-ruminant animals is still unclear. the objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding alfalfa hay on performance and rumen development in young balou ... | 2011 | 21465104 |
| enhancing alfalfa conversion efficiencies for sugar recovery and ethanol production by altering lignin composition. | alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) biomass was evaluated for biochemical conversion into ethanol using dilute-acid and ammonia pretreatments. the two alfalfa lines compared were a reduced s-lignin transgenic cultivar generated through down regulation of the caffeic acid o-methyltransferase gene and a wild-type control. both were harvested at two maturities. all the samples had similar carbohydrate contents including a mean composition of 316g glucan and 497g total neutral carbohydrates per kg dry biom ... | 2011 | 21474304 |
| effect of type of grinding of barley and dehydrated alfalfa on performance, digestion, and crude mucin ileal concentration in growing rabbits. | the effect of type of grinding of barley and dehydrated alfalfa (da) was tested in rabbits weaned at 35 d of age with average bm of 846 ± 93 g. four non-medicated diets were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial structure with type of grinding (coarse grinding with a 4.5-mm screen or fine grinding with a 1.5-mm screen) of barley (tgb) and da (tgda) as main factors. a total of 1,056 mixed-sex rabbits (264 per diet) were fattened until d 63. most of these rabbits (216 per diet) were housed in pairs and on ... | 2011 | 21478455 |
| stress tolerance and symbiotic and phylogenic features of root nodule bacteria associated with medicago species in different bioclimatic regions of tunisia. | thirty two rhizobial isolates were obtained from different bioclimatic regions of tunisia using as trap plants, medicago sativa, medicago ciliaris, medicago polymorpha and medicago minima. to study their diversity and characterize them in relation to mediterranean conditions, abiotic stress resistance, symbiotic properties and genetic diversity in terms of 16s rrna and noda sequences were assessed. five isolates from m. sativa, three from m. ciliaris and three from m. minima could grow at 45°c. ... | 2011 | 21487201 |
| identification and quantitation of volatile organic compounds emitted from dairy silages and other feedstuffs. | high ground-level ozone continues to be an important human, animal, and plant health impediment in the united states and especially in california's san joaquin valley (sjv). according to california state and regional air quality agencies, dairies are one of the major sources of volatile organic compounds (vocs) in the sjv. a number of recently conducted studies reported emissions data from different dairy sources. however, limited data are currently available for silage and otherfeed storages on ... | 2011 | 21488490 |
| engineered biosynthesis of plant polyketides: structure-based and precursor-directed approach. | pentaketide chromone synthase (pcs) and octaketide synthase (oks) are novel plant-specific type iii polyketide synthases (pkss) obtained from aloe arborescens. recombinant pcs expressed in escherichia coli catalyzes iterative condensations of five molecules of malonyl-coa to produce a pentaketide 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methylchromone, while recombinant oks carries out sequential condensations of eight molecules of malonyl-coa to yield octaketides sek4 and sek4b, the longest polyketides produced by the ... | 2010 | 21495256 |
| genetic engineering to enhance crop-based phytonutrients (nutraceuticals) to alleviate diet-related diseases. | nutrition studies have provided unambiguous evidence that a number of human health maladies including chronic coronary artery, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, cancer and age- and lifestyle-related diseases are associated with the diet. several favorable and a few deleterious natural dietary ingredients have been identified that predispose human populations to various genetic and epigenetic based disorders. media dissemination of this information has greatly raised public awareness of the b ... | 2010 | 21520708 |
| environmental and economic comparisons of manure application methods in farming systems. | alternative methods for applying livestock manure to no-till soils involve environmental and economic trade-offs. a process-level farm simulation model (integrated farm system model) was used to evaluate methods for applying liquid dairy (bos taurus l.) and swine (sus scrofa l.) manure, including no application, broadcast spreading with and without incorporation by tillage, band application with soil aeration, and shallow disk injection. the model predicted ammonia emissions, nitrate leaching, a ... | 2011 | 21520751 |
| effect of fatty acid profile in vegetable oils and antioxidant supplementation on dairy cattle performance and milk fat depression. | this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of unprotected vegetable oils differing in fatty acid profiles with or without a commercial antioxidant (agrado plus, novus international, st. charles, mo) on dairy cattle performance, milk fatty acid profiles, and milk fat depression. twenty-four multiparous holstein cows were blocked by production (high and low) and assigned to agrado plus or no agrado plus diets as the main plot in this experiment. the 6 cows in each o ... | 2011 | 21524540 |
| evaluation of chlorine dioxide gas residues on selected food produce. | in recent years, the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables has greatly increased, and so has its association with contamination of several foodborne pathogens (listeria, salmonella, and escherichia coli). hence, there is a need to investigate effective sanitizer systems for produce decontamination. chlorine dioxide (clo(2)), a strong oxidizing gas with broad spectrum and sanitizing properties, has previously been studied for use on selected fruits and vegetables. clo(2) gas treatments show ... | 2011 | 21535724 |
| the effect of feeding system in the expression of genes related with fat metabolism in semitendinous muscle in sheep. | the effect of feeding system on the expression of lpl, acaca, fasn, fabp4, dgat1, scd, cpt1b, prkaa2, lep, srebp1, pparg, ppara and cebpb genes in semitendinous muscle was studied. forty-four single born male lambs of the rasa aragonesa breed, allocated to four different dietary treatments, were used: grazing alfalfa, grazing alfalfa with supplement for lambs, indoor lambs with grazing ewes and drylot. significant differences were found in the expression of genes lpl, acaca, fasn, fabp4, cpt1b a ... | 2011 | 21543161 |
| exploring the symbiotic pangenome of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti. | abstract: background: sinorhizobium meliloti is a model system for the studies of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. an extensive polymorphism at the genetic and phenotypic level is present in natural populations of this species, especially in relation with symbiotic promotion of plant growth. ak83 and bl225c are two nodule-isolated strains with diverse symbiotic phenotypes; bl225c is more efficient in promoting growth of the medicago sativa plants than strain ak83. in order to investigate the genetic ... | 2011 | 21569405 |
| resistance to organic hydroperoxides requires ohr and ohrr genes in sinorhizobium meliloti. | abstract: | 2011 | 21569462 |
| feed preference in pigs: effect of selected protein, fat, and fiber sources at different inclusion rates. | three double choice feeding experiments were conducted to study the effect of different feedstuffs on feed preference in pigs. fifteen protein sources, 6 fat sources, and 3 fiber sources were evaluated in exp. 1, 2, and 3, respectively. pigs were offered a series of double choices between a common reference diet and the diet with the ingredient under evaluation. the reference diet contained a soybean meal product with 56% cp (sbm-56), sunflower oil, and wheat bran, which were considered as the f ... | 2011 | 21571898 |
| corn grain and liquid feed as nonfiber carbohydrate sources in diets for lactating dairy cows. | interactions of sources and processing methods for nonstructural carbohydrates may affect the efficiency of animal production. five rumen-cannulated cows in late lactation were placed in a 5 × 5 latin square design and fed experimental diets for 2 wk. in the production trial, 54 cows were fed the experimental diets for 12 wk beginning at d 60 in milk. diets contained 24% corn silage and 22% hay, averaging 20% alfalfa and 2% grass but being adjusted as needed to maintain dietary concentrations of ... | 2011 | 21605774 |
| effect of forage-to-concentrate ratio in dairy cow diets on emission of methane, carbon dioxide, and ammonia, lactation performance, and manure excretion. | holstein cows housed in a modified tie-stall barn were used to determine the effect of feeding diets with different forage-to-concentrate ratios (f:c) on performance and emission of ch(4), co(2) and manure nh(3)-n. eight multiparous cows (means ± standard deviation): 620±68kg of body weight; 52±34 d in milk and 8 primiparous cows (546±38kg of body weight; 93±39 d in milk) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 air-flow controlled chambers, constructed to fit 4 cows each. chambers were assigned to diet ... | 2011 | 21605777 |
| short communication: limit feeding dairy heifers: effect of feed bunk space and provision of a low-nutritive feedstuff. | the objectives of this study were to examine the behavioral effects of providing limit-fed dairy heifers an increased amount of feed bunk space compared with recommended feed bunk allowance, and to determine if the effects of provision of extra bunk space would be comparable to those seen when limit-fed heifers are provided a low-nutritive feedstuff. twelve holstein dairy heifers (381.1±44.8 d of age, 417.3±47.9kg), divided into groups of 4, were exposed to each of 3 treatments using a 3×3 latin ... | 2011 | 21605781 |
| development and evaluation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting iap for the detection of listeria monocytogenes in select food matrices. | abstract listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular foodborne pathogen that has been associated with severe human illnesses. various rapid detection methods have been developed for the specific detection of this pathogen. in the present study, a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay targeting iap, a gene encoding extracellular protein p60, was developed for l. monocytogenes. the pcr efficiency is above 85% and the limit of detection (lod) is 30 copies of genome per reactio ... | 2011 | 21612427 |
| valine partitioning and kinetics between the gastro-intestinal tract and hind limbs in lambs with an adult trichostrongylus colubriformis burden. | intestinal parasitic infection increases the demand for aa due to increased protein synthesis in the intestine and increased luminal losses of aa, and these increased demands may be supported from increased mobilization of aa from the skeletal muscles. two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of parasitic infection on valine kinetics within the gastrointestinal tract and hind limbs of lambs fed fresh forages. on d 1, lambs were given 6,000 l3 trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae ... | 2011 | 21622879 |
| soil factors exhibit greater influence than bacterial inoculation on alfalfa growth and nitrogen fixation. | in order to study effects of soil factors and bacterial inoculation on alfalfa (medicago sativa), plants were inoculated with ensifer meliloti l33 and azospirillum brasilense sp7 in pot experiments using two different soils separately as well as in a mixture. one soil was contaminated with chemical waste products; the other was an arable soil. soil factors, including availability of macro- and micronutrients as well as carbon and nitrogen contents were found to exhibit a much greater influence o ... | 2011 | 21627671 |
| disinfection of radish and alfalfa seeds inoculated with escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella by a gaseous acetic acid treatment. | abstract the majority of seed sprout-related outbreaks have been associated with escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella. therefore, we aimed to find an effective method to inactivate these organisms on seeds before sprouting. treatment with 8.7% (v/v) acetic acid at 55°c for 2-3 h reduced the population of e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella inoculated on alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and radish seeds (raphanus sativus l.) by more than 5.0 log cfu/g, and a longer treatment time completely eliminated ... | 2011 | 21651341 |
| harvest-inducibility of the promoter of alfalfa s-adenosyl-l: -methionine: trans-caffeoyl-coa3-o-methyltransferase gene. | a major limitation on the expression of some foreign proteins in transgenic plants is the toxic effect of such proteins on the host plant resulting in inhibition of normal growth and development. a solution to this problem is to control the expression of genes for such proteins by means of inducible promoters, as is frequently done in microbial systems. a cdna clone was obtained from subtractive hybridization of non-harvested and harvested alfalfa leaf tissue, named hi12. the hi12 cdna was ident ... | 2011 | 21667113 |
| protein quality and utilization of timothy, oat-supplemented timothy, and alfalfa at differing harvest maturity in exercised arabian horses. | to evaluate the protein quality and post-gut n utilization of full bloom timothy hay, oat-supplemented timothy-hay diets, and alfalfa hay harvested at different maturities, apparent whole tract n digestibility, urinary n excretion, and serum aa profiles were determined in light to moderately exercised arabian horses. six arabian geldings (16.0 ± 0.3 yr; 467 ± 11 kg bw) were randomly allocated to a 6 × 6 latin square design. diets included full bloom timothy grass hay (g), g + 0.2% bw oat (g1), g ... | 2011 | 21788427 |
| effectiveness of extruded rapeseed associated with an alfalfa protein concentrate in enhancing the bovine milk fatty acid composition. | linseed and rapeseed, good sources of 18:3 n-3 and cis9-18:1, respectively, have been shown to improve the bovine milk fatty acid (fa) profile. however, rapeseed, unlike linseed, has little effect on the concentration of 18:3 n-3 in milk fat. alfalfa protein concentrate (apc), besides being a valuable protein source for milk production, contains lipids rich in 18:3 n-3. therefore, this experiment aimed at (1) evaluating the transfer efficiency of unsaturated fa (ufa), especially 18:3 n-3, of apc ... | 2011 | 21787936 |
| effect of applying bacterial inoculants containing different types of bacteria to corn silage on the performance of dairy cattle. | this study examined the effect of applying different bacterial inoculants to corn silage at the time of ensiling on the performance of lactating dairy cows. corn plants were harvested at 35% dry matter (dm), chopped, and ensiled in 2.4-m-wide bags after application of (1) no inoculant (con); (2) biotal plus ii (b2) containing pediococcus pentosaceus and propionibacteria freudenreichii; (3) buchneri 40788 (buc) containing lactobacillus buchneri; or (4) buchneri 500 (b500) containing pediococcus p ... | 2011 | 21787933 |
| effect of manure vs. fertilizer inputs on productivity of forage crop models. | manure produced by livestock activity is a dangerous product capable of causing serious environmental pollution. agronomic management practices on the use of manure may transform the target from a waste to a resource product. experiments performed on comparison of manure with standard chemical fertilizers (cf) were studied under a double cropping per year regime (alfalfa, model i; italian ryegrass-corn, model ii; barley-seed sorghum, model iii; and horse-bean-silage sorghum, model iv). the total ... | 2011 | 21776208 |
| bioavailability and inter-conversion of sulforaphane and erucin in human subjects consuming broccoli sprouts or broccoli supplement in a cross-over study design. | broccoli consumption may reduce the risk of various cancers and many broccoli supplements are now available. the bioavailability and excretion of the mercapturic acid pathway metabolites isothiocyanates after human consumption of broccoli supplements has not been tested. two important isothiocyanates from broccoli are sulforaphane and erucin. we employed a cross-over study design in which 12 subjects consumed 40g of fresh broccoli sprouts followed by a 1 month washout period and then the same 12 ... | 2011 | 21816223 |
| phenotypic and genetic characterization of rhizobia associated with alfalfa in the hokkaido and ishigaki regions of japan. | twenty five rhizobial isolates were obtained from root nodules of medicago sativa inoculated with soil samples collected from the sapporo region and ishigaki island in japan. to study their diversity and characterize them in relation to the climatic conditions of their soils of origin, a polyphasic approach analyzing stress tolerance, symbiotic and genetic properties was used. stress tolerance assays revealed marked variations in salinity, ph and temperature tolerance. isolates originating from ... | 2011 | 21684705 |
| short communication: effects of replacing part of corn silage and alfalfa hay with leymus chinensis hay on milk production and composition. | the objective of this research was to investigate the effects of replacing part of corn silage (cs) and alfalfa hay (ah) with leymus chinensis hay on milk production and composition. twenty multiparous holstein dairy cows were used in a randomized block design for a 14-week period and 2 treatments. treatments were (dry matter basis): (1) non-leymus chinensis hay diet (nlc; 35% cs, 15% ah) and (2) added leymus chinensis hay diet (alc; 30% cs, 10% ah, 10% leymus chinensis hay). adding leymus chine ... | 2011 | 21700048 |
| effect of medicago sativa mhb1gene expression on defense response of arabidopsis thaliana plants. | besides the previously described nitric oxide-detoxification activity we identified new features of class-1 non-symbiotic hemoglobin from medicago sativa (mhb1). under in vitro conditions, using peroxidase in-gel activity assay, themhb1 protein was shown to possess also peroxidase-like activity. due to this activity, in the presence of nitrite and hydrogen peroxide, the protein can mediate autonitration and nitration of other proteins at tyrosine residues, as revealed by tandem mass spectrometry ... | 2011 | 21725501 |
| effect of varying total mixed ration particle size on rumen digesta and fecal particle size and digestibility in lactating dairy cows. | the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of feeding rations of different particle sizes on rumen digesta and fecal matter particle size. four rumen-cannulated, multiparous, holstein cows (104-¦15 d in milk) were randomly assigned to treatments in a 4+ù4 latin square design. the diets consisted of 29.4% corn silage, 22.9% ground corn, 17.6% alfalfa haylage, and 11.8% dry grass hay [20% of forage dry matter (dm)] on a dm basis. dry grass hay was chopped to 4 different lengths t ... | 2011 | 21700040 |
| effects of dietary polysavone (alfalfa extract) and chlortetracycline supplementation on antioxidation and meat quality in broiler chickens. | 1. a total of 360 1-d-old male commercial arbor acre broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 5 groups (6 replicates of 12 birds each) to evaluate the dietary effects of polysavone (0-à5, 1-à0 and 1-à5 g/kg), a natural extract from alfalfa, and 0-à15 g/kg chlortetracycline (ctc) on growth performance, antioxidation and meat quality of broiler chickens. 2. over the 6-week study, feed intake increased significantly with ctc supplementation and final body weight (bw) was significantly higher for ... | 2011 | 21732875 |
| an abc-type cobalt transport system is essential for growth of sinorhizobium melilotiat trace metal concentrations. | we report expression and mutant phenotypes for a gene cluster in sinorhizobium meliloti, designated cbtjkl, that has been shown to encode an abc-type cobalt transport system. transcription of cbtjklinitiated 384 nucleotides upstream from the cbtjtranslation start codon, and the resulting 5' region contained a putative b(12)riboswitch. expression of the cbtjklgenes appeared to be controlled by (cobalt-loaded) cobalamin interacting at the b(12)riboswitch, since (i) a putative b(12)riboswitch was l ... | 2011 | 21725018 |
| isolation and functional characterization of a medicago sativa l. gene, mslea3-1. | a full-length cdna of 1,728-ánt, called mslea3-1, was cloned from alfalfa by rapid amplification of cdna ends from an expressed sequence tag homologous to soybean pgmpm10 (accession no. aaa91965.1). mslea3-1, encodes a deduced protein of 436 amino acids, a calculated molecular weight of 47.0-ákda, a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.18, and closest homology with late embryogenesis abundant proteins in soybean. sequence homology suggested a signal peptide in the n terminus, and subcellular local ... | 2011 | 21681426 |
| a nationwide outbreak of salmonella bovismorbificans associated with sprouted alfalfa seeds in finland, 2009. | salmonella enterica serotype bovismorbificans is a rare serotype in finland. in june 2009, a nationwide outbreak of s. bovismorbificans infections occurred, and 42 clinical isolates were identified. we conducted a case-control study enrolling 28 cases and 48 matched controls, and found ready-to-eat alfalfa sprouts associated with the infection (odds ratioôçâ=ôçâ35.2, 95% confidence interval 2.8-435). the sprouts were traced back to a domestic producer, with the seeds originating in italy. althou ... | 2011 | 21824360 |
| stable integration and expression of a plant defensin in tomato confers resistance to fusarium wilt. | -á plant defensins are small cysteine-rich peptides which belong to a group of pathogenasis related defense mechanism proteins. the proteins inhibit the growth of a broad range of microbes and are highly stable under extreme environmental stresses. tomato cultivation is affected by fungal disease such as fusarium wilt. in order to overcome fungal damages, transgenic tomato plants expressing the medicago sativa defensin gene msdef 1 under the control of the camv 35s promoter were developed. the f ... | 2010 | 21844692 |
| hydrocarbon degradation, plant colonization and gene expression of alkane degradation genes by endophytic enterobacter ludwigii strains. | the genus enterobacter comprises a range of beneficial plant-associated bacteria showing plant growth promotion. enterobacter ludwigii belongs to the enterobacter cloacae complex and has been reported to include human pathogens but also plant-associated strains with plant beneficial capacities. to assess the role of enterobacter endophytes in hydrocarbon degradation, plant colonization, abundance and expression of cyp153 genes in different plant compartments, three plant species (italian ryegras ... | 2011 | 21700373 |
| burkholderia cenocepacia shvr-regulated genes that influence colony morphology, biofilm formation, and virulence. | burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that primarily infects cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. previously, we reported that shvr, a lysr regulator, influences colony morphology, virulence, and biofilm formation and regulates the expression of an adjacent 24-kb genomic region encoding 24 genes. in this study, we report the functional characterization of selected genes in this region. a tn5 mutant with shiny colony morphology was identified with a polar mutation in bcas0208, predicted ... | 2011 | 21690240 |
| fermentation characteristics and microorganism composition of total mixed ration silage with local food by-products in different seasons. | total mixed ration (tmr) silage in different seasons was prepared with apple refuse, orchardgrass hay, orchardgrass silage, corn silage and a commercial compound feed in tohoku, japan, and with tofu cake, brewers' grains, tall fescue hay, sudangrass hay, timothy hay, alfalfa hay and a commercial compound feed in shikoku, japan, respectively, and their fermentation quality and microorganism composition were evaluated. in tohoku, the tmr silage in spring, autumn and winter displayed poor quality, ... | 2011 | 21729204 |
| technical note: improved methodology for analyses of acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the methodology of the acid detergent lignin (adl) assay in an effort to evaluate particle loss, improve repeatability, and decrease variation within and among samples. the original adl method relied on asbestos as a filtering aid, but that was removed in 1989 with the mandate from the environmental protection agency to eliminate asbestos in the environment. furthermore, recent work on fiber methodology indicated that pore size in the gooch sintered gl ... | 2011 | 21700050 |
| study of the effect of presence or absence of protozoa on rumen fermentation and microbial protein contribution to the chyme. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of presence or absence of protozoa on rumen fermentation and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis under different diets. of 20 twin paired lambs, one lamb of each pair was isolated from the ewe within 24h after birth and reared in a protozoa-free environment (pf, n=10), while their respective twin-siblings remained with the ewes (faunated, n=10). when lambs reached 6 months of age, five animals of each group were randomly allocated to one ... | 2011 | 21724942 |
| substrate analysis of arabidopsis pp2c-type protein phosphatases. | protein phosphorylation by protein kinases can be reversed by the action of protein phosphatases. in plants, the ser/thr-specific phosphatases dominate among the protein phosphatase families with the type 2c protein phosphatases (pp2cs) being the most abundant among them. pp2cs are monomeric enzymes that require metal cations for their activity and are insensitive to known phosphatase inhibitors. pp2cs were shown to counteract the mitogen-activated protein kinase (map kinase/mapk) activities in ... | 2011 | 21837565 |
| assessment of simple marker-free genetic transformation techniques in alfalfa. | methods to avoid the presence of selectable marker genes (smg) in transgenic plants are available but not implemented in many crop species. we assessed the efficiency of simple marker-free agrobacterium-mediated transformation techniques in alfalfa: regeneration without selection, or marker-less, and co-transformation with two vectors, one containing the smg and one containing a non-selected gene. to easily estimate the efficiency of marker-less transformation, the nptii and the gus markers were ... | 2011 | 21691741 |
| investigation of four classes of non-nodulating white sweetclover (melilotus alba annua desr.) mutants and their responses to arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi. | the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between rhizobiaceae and legumes is one of the best-studied interactions established between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. the plant develops root nodules in which the bacteria are housed, and atmospheric nitrogen is fixed into ammonia by the rhizobia and made available to the plant in exchange for carbon compounds. it has been hypothesized that this symbiosis evolved from the more ancient arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis, in which the fungus associates with root ... | 2002 | 21708721 |
| rhizobium petrolearium sp. nov., isolated from oil-contaminated soil. | two gram-staining-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains sl-1(t) and f11 which had the ability to decompose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were isolated from soil samples contaminated by oil. the cells were motile by polar or lateral flagella. according to comparison of 16s rrna gene sequences, strains sl-1(t) and f11 were identical and showed the greatest degree of similarity (96.8 %) to both r. oryzae alt505(t) and r. mesosinicum ccbau 25010(t); however, only r. or ... | 2011 | 21984664 |
| fattening performance and carcass traits of chios male lambs fed under traditional and intensive feeding conditions. | this study was carried out to compare the fattening performance and carcass traits of chios male lambs fed under traditional and intensive feeding conditions. in the study, a total of 34 lambs were randomly separated into traditional (t) and intensive (i) groups in equal numbers. lambs in group t were fed on ration prepared in local style and grazed in olive grove for 8 h/day. on the other hand, lambs in group i were fed on 255 g alfalfa hay animal(-1) day(-1) and ad libitum mixed feed. after a ... | 2011 | 22187360 |
| animal performance and meat quality in cull cows with early weaned calves in argentina. | early weaning of calves (60 days old) is adopted in cow-calf operations for its high reproductive response. the objective of this research work was to find how age classes are related to beef quality in early weaning cull cows. twenty four cows were grouped in four different age classes (teeth and number of calves produced) from two teeth and no calf produced, up to 12 years and 7 calves produced. all cows grazed a perennial pasture based on alfalfa and fescue. there were differences (p<0.05) in ... | 2008 | 22062912 |
| influence of finishing systems on hydrophilic and lipophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) in beef. | the aim of this research was to: (1) develop a reliable extraction procedure and assay to determine antioxidant activity in meat products, and (2) assess the effect of beef finishing system (forage-finished: alfalfa, pearl millet or mixed pastures vs. concentrate-finished) on longissimus muscle antioxidant activity. the effect of extraction method (ethanol concentration and extraction time), protein removal, and sample preparation method (pulverization or freeze drying) were first evaluated to d ... | 2008 | 22063579 |
| effect of dietary oregano oil supplementation on lamb meat characteristics. | the effect of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on lamb meat characteristics was investigated. eight male and eight female chios lambs were divided into two equal groups. the first group was fed with the control diet consisting of concentrated feed and alfalfa hay, whereas the second group consumed the same diet, the only difference being that the concentrated feed was uniformly sprayed with oregano essential oil (1ml/kg). duration of the experimental period was two months. no differ ... | 2008 | 22062749 |
| Host suitability and gas exchange response of grapevines to potato leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). | Although potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is highly polyphagous, classic host studies do not recognize grapevines (Vitis spp.), as suitable hosts. Recently, injury has been reported and reproduction documented within grape vineyards, suggesting a host expansion for the leafhopper. To document this apparent expansion in host use, we determined whether grape plants were suitable hosts for potato leafhopper reproduction, measured the consequence of feeding injur ... | 2011 | 21882698 |
| changes in ruminal bacterial community composition following feeding of alfalfa ensiled with a lactic acid bacterial inoculant. | some silage inoculants help to improve silage quality and promote an increase in milk production, possibly through altering the rumen microflora. we hypothesized that rumen bacterial community composition (bcc) would be different in cows fed alfalfa ensiled with the inoculant lactobacillus plantarum mtd/1 (lp) compared with those fed alfalfa ensiled without the inoculant (ctrl). eight ruminally cannulated holstein cows were allotted to 2 diets (ctrl or lp) in a double crossover design with four ... | 2012 | 22192212 |
| Fermentation kinetics of sainfoin hay with and without PEG. | The in vitro gas production technique was applied to evaluate the biological activity of tannins in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) hay cut at four progressive phenological stages. The buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) rumen fluid was used as inoculum, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added as specific binding agent and an alfalfa hay (AH) was used as control. All samples were analysed for chemical composition and condensed tannin (CTs). According to the phenological stage of sainfoin, crude protein ... | 2011 | 22168179 |
| Recent Progress in Development of Tnt1 Functional Genomics Platform for Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus in Bulgaria. | Legumes, as protein-rich crops, are widely used for human food, animal feed and vegetable oil production. Over the past decade, two legume species, Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, have been adopted as model legumes for genomics and physiological studies. The tobacco transposable element, Tnt1, is a powerful tool for insertional mutagenesis and gene inactivation in plants. A large collection of Tnt1-tagged lines of M. truncatula cv. Jemalong was generated during the course of the project ... | 2011 | 21966253 |
| Robust RNAi-based resistance to mixed infection of three viruses in soybean plants expressing separate short hairpins from a single transgene. | Transgenic plants expressing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of virus origin have been previously shown to confer resistance to virus infections through the highly conserved RNA-targeting process termed RNA silencing or RNA interference (RNAi). In this study we applied this strategy to soybean plants and achieved robust resistance to multiple viruses with a single dsRNA-expressing transgene. Unlike previous reports that relied on the expression of one long inverted repeat (IR) combining sequences of ... | 2011 | 21999157 |
| Impact of Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) on damage, yield and quality of lesquerella (Physaria fendleri), a potential new oil-seed crop. | Lesquerella, Physaria fendleri (A. Gray) S. Watson, is a mustard native to the western United States and is currently being developed as a commercial source of valuable hydroxy fatty acids that can be used in a number of industrial applications, including biolubricants, biofuel additives, motor oils, resins, waxes, nylons, plastics, corrosion inhibitors, cosmetics, and coatings. The plant is cultivated as a winter-spring annual and in the desert southwest it harbors large populations of arthropo ... | 2011 | 22066187 |
| the relative effect of dietary energy density on repleted and resting muscle glycogen concentrations. | the aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary energy density on the glycogen concentration of bovine gluteus medius (gm) and longissimus thoracis et lumborum (ltl) muscles in castrated and intact males. cattle received diet c (90% whole corn and supplement: 10% alfalfa haylage) or diet ah (100% alfalfa haylage) in three experiments involving a 2×2 factorial cross-over design. cattle fed an ah diet for 70 days prior to the first experiment had high glycogen concentrations in the gm (1 ... | 2000 | 22060611 |
| Influence of alfalfa grazing-based feeding systems on carcass fat colour and meat quality of light lambs. | One hundred and twenty-seven lambs were fed as follows: lambs and dams grazing alfalfa (Gr); the same as Gr but lambs had access to concentrate (Gr + S); ewes grazed and lambs received milk and concentrate until weaning and thereafter concentrate and straw (Rat-Gr); ewes and lambs were stall-fed (Ind). Lambs were slaughtered at 22-24 kg live weight and fat and M. rectus abdominis colour was measured instrumentally and subjectively. The evolution of the instrumental colour and texture of M. longi ... | 2012 | 21983425 |