| influence of the cyanotoxin microcystin-lr on tocopherol in alfalfa seedlings (medicago sativa). | spray irrigation of crop plants can represent a risk if the water is contaminated with cyanotoxins. these secondary metabolites produced by many cyanobacteria can have adverse effects on organisms, among others the induction of excess oxygen radicals, so-called oxidative stress. thereby tocopherol as a lipid antioxidant is essential to maintain membrane integrity. in this study the effects of the cyanotoxin microcystin-lr (mc-lr), and a microcystis crude extract (mic-ce) containing mc-lr on toco ... | 2010 | 20398686 |
| characterization of kluyveromyces marxianus as a potential feed additive for ruminants. | the aim of this study was to find suitable yeast isolates as potential microbial feed additives for ruminants. | 2010 | 20406377 |
| effects of partial replacement of concentrate with feed blocks on nutrient utilization, microbial n flow, and milk yield and composition in goats. | two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of concentrate with 2 types of feed blocks (fb) on rumen protozoa numbers, nutrient utilization, microbial n flow to the duodenum, and milk yield and composition in goats. the concentrate included oat, corn grain, barley, soybean meal, salt, and vitamin-mineral mixture. the fb (types i and ii) were composed of crude 2-stage olive cake (120 or 100g/kg), fava beans (0 or 400g/kg), barley (320 or 200g/kg), beet molasses ... | 2010 | 20412923 |
| autoregulation of sinorhizobium meliloti exor gene expression. | the successful nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between the gram-negative soil bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti and its leguminous plant host alfalfa (medicago sativa) requires the bacterial exopolysaccharide succinoglycan. succinoglycan and flagellum production, along with the ability to metabolize more than 20 different carbon sources and control the expression of a large number of s. meliloti genes, is regulated by the exor-exos/chvi signalling pathway. the exor protein interacts with and suppresses ... | 2010 | 20413557 |
| sensory evaluation of castrated lambs finished on different proportions of pasture and concentrate feeding systems. | castrated male corriedale lambs from uruguay were finished under one of four feeding systems, which differed in the level of pasture and the amount of concentrates. treatment 1 (t(1)) was all pasture (p), t(2) was p plus concentrate (c; 0.6% of live weight [lw]), t(3) was p+c (1.2% of lw), and t(4) was c plus alfalfa hay as a source of fibre (both ad libitum). a trained taste panel analysed samples from 96 lambs, using a quantitative descriptive method in a complete and balanced design. eight of ... | 2009 | 20416726 |
| effect of forage species on fatty acid content and performance of pasture-finished steers. | consumers are increasingly concerned with the form and quantity of fat present in the foods they consume. this is leading to a shift in the way food is produced. in particular the animal industry is increasing the number of organic and naturally finished meat animals rather than finishing them on grains. the objective of this study was to determine if different pasture compositions (i.e. grass only or grass legume mixtures) would impact the fatty acid (fa) meat composition of beef steers (bos ta ... | 2010 | 20416809 |
| structural investigation of an exopolysaccharide substituted with a lactyl ether group produced by raoultella terrigena ez-555-6 isolated in the chernobyl exclusion zone. | raoultella terrigena strain ez-555-6, isolated from a root nodule of medicago sativa harvested in the chernobyl exclusion zone, produces a non-referenced high-molecular-mass exopolysaccharide (eps). the structure of this eps was determined using a combination approach including monosaccharide composition (glc-fid, hpaec-pad), determination of glycosylation sites (glc-eims) and 1d/2d nmr ((1)h, (13)c) and esims (hr, ms/ms) studies of oligosaccharides obtained from mild acid hydrolysis. the eps wa ... | 2010 | 20417501 |
| application of multilocus sequence typing to study the genetic structure of megaplasmids in medicago-nodulating rhizobia. | a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) analysis was used to examine the genetic structure and diversity within the two large extrachromosomal replicons in medicago-nodulating rhizobia (sinorhizobium meliloti and sinorhizobium medicae). the allelic diversity within these replicons was high compared to the reported diversity within the corresponding chromosomes of the same strains (p. van berkum et al., j. bacteriol. 188:5570-5577, 2006). also, there was strong localized linkage disequilibrium (ld) b ... | 2010 | 20418433 |
| toxicity of non-protein amino acids to humans and domestic animals. | non-protein amino acids are common in plants and are present in widely consumed animal feeds and human foods such as alfalfa (medicago sativa), which contains canavanine, and lentil (lens culinaris), which contains homoarginine. some occur in wild species that are inadvertently harvested with crop species. some non-protein amino acids and metabolites can be toxic to humans, e.g. lathyrus species contain a neurotoxic oxalyl-amino acid. some potential toxins may be passed along a food chain via an ... | 2010 | 20420333 |
| modeling demographic response to constant temperature in hypera postica (coleoptera: curculionidae). | alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (gyllenhal) (coleoptera: curculionidae), is among the most destructive pests of alfalfa, medicago sativa l., in the world. survivorship and fecundity schedules of h. postica were investigated to characterize the population growth potential of the weevil at six constant temperatures: 11.5, 14.0, 19.0, 24.0, 29.0, and 31.5 degrees c. preoviposition period, oviposition period and female longevity significantly decreased with rising temperature within the temperature r ... | 2010 | 20429441 |
| effects of feeding ratio of beet pulp to alfalfa hay or grass hay on ruminal mat characteristics and chewing activity in holstein dry cows. | the influence of the feeding ratio of a non-forage fiber source and hay on ruminal mat characteristics and chewing activity was evaluated in dairy dry cows. cows were fed four different diets: the ratios of alfalfa hay (ah) to beet pulp (bp) were 8:2 (dry matter basis, a8b2) and 2:8 (a2b8), and those of grass hay (gh) to bp were 8:2 (g8b2) and 2:8 (g2b8). total eating time was decreased with increasing bp content (p < 0.01). total rumination time for ah was shorter than that for gh (p < 0.01), a ... | 2010 | 20438498 |
| phymatotrichum (cotton) root rot caused by phymatotrichopsis omnivora: retrospects and prospects. | phymatotrichum (cotton or texas) root rot is caused by the soil-borne fungus phymatotrichopsis omnivora (duggar) hennebert. the broad host range of the fungus includes numerous crop plants, such as alfalfa and cotton. together with an overview of existing knowledge, this review is aimed at discussing the recent molecular and genomic approaches that have been undertaken to better understand the disease development at the molecular level with the ultimate goal of developing resistant germplasm. ta ... | 2010 | 20447281 |
| carboxymethyl-starch excipients for gastrointestinal stable oral protein formulations containing protease inhibitors. | the aim of this study was to develop a formulation for bioactive compounds using carboxymethyl starch (cms) as excipient containing protease inhibitors. this formulation provided gastro protection and enhanced stability against pancreatic enzymes. such stability is needed for formulation of oral vaccines with specific antigens. | 2010 | 20456833 |
| feun, a novel modulator of two-component signalling identified in sinorhizobium meliloti. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of alfalfa and related legumes. symbiotic infection by s. meliloti requires an osmosensory two-component system composed of the response regulator feup and the sensor kinase feuq. the feupq pathway positively regulates transcription of multiple genes including ndva, which encodes the cyclic glucan exporter. here we show that proper regulation of this signalling pathway is essential for cell viability. without the small 83 amino acid ... | 2010 | 20487268 |
| supplementation with whole cottonseed causes long-term reduction of methane emissions from lactating dairy cows offered a forage and cereal grain diet. | the objective of our work was to supplement a forage and cereal diet of lactating dairy cows with whole cottonseed (wcs) for 12 wk and to determine whether the expected reduction in ch(4) would persist. a secondary objective was to determine the effect of supplementing the diet with wcs on milk yield and rumen function over the 12-wk feeding period. fifty lactating cows were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 diets (control or wcs). the 2 separate groups were each offered, on average, 4.2 kg of dm/cow ... | 2010 | 20494170 |
| effect of water addition to a total mixed ration on feed temperature, feed intake, sorting behavior, and milk production of dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine the effects of water addition to a high-moisture total mixed ration (tmr) on feed temperature, feed intake, feed sorting behavior, and milk production of dairy cows. twelve lactating holstein cows (155.8+/-60.1 dim), individually fed once daily at 1000 h, were exposed to 3 diets in a latin square design with 28-d treatment periods. diets had the same ingredient composition [30.9% corn silage, 30.3% alfalfa haylage, 21.2% high-moisture corn, and 17.6% ... | 2010 | 20494174 |
| saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in dairy cow diets containing dried distillers grains plus solubles. | sixteen multiparous holstein cows (127+/-52 d in milk) were used in 4 replicated 4 x 4 latin squares with 4-wk periods to evaluate interactions of dietary inclusion of a fermentation product of saccharomyces cerevisiae (sc; xpc, diamond v mills, cedar rapids, ia) and dried distillers grains plus solubles (ddgs) on production of milk and milk components when fed diets containing approximately 30% dietary neutral detergent fiber with calculated forage neutral detergent fiber of 19.3% of diet dry m ... | 2010 | 20494175 |
| root rot disease of legumes caused by aphanomyces euteiches. | the oomycete genus aphanomyces houses plant and animal pathogens found in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. aphanomyces euteiches drechs. causes seedling damping off and root rot diseases on many legumes. it is the most devastating pea (pisum sativum) disease in several countries, causing up to 80% losses each year. this strictly soil-borne pathogen may survive many years in soil and no efficient chemical control is currently available. the only way to control the disease is to avoid cultiv ... | 2007 | 20507520 |
| fermentation of bioenergy crops into ethanol using biological abatement for removal of inhibitors. | biological abatement was used to condition dilute acid-pretreated hydrolysates of three perennial herbaceous crops that are potential bioenergy feedstocks: switchgrass, reed canarygrass, and alfalfa stems. fungal isolate coniochaeta ligniaria was inoculated into the hydrolysates to metabolize and remove inhibitory compounds prior to yeast fermentation of glucose. switchgrass, reed canarygrass, and alfalfa stem samples were pretreated with dilute acid at 10% w/w biomass loading and subjected to b ... | 2010 | 20510606 |
| productive response of grazing dairy cows to fresh chopped maize supplementation under a small farming system in the mexican highlands. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the animal performance of late lactating grazing dairy cows in response to fresh chopped maize (fcm) supplementation under a small farming system. twenty-four multiparous holstein dairy cows were used in a rotational grazing on a mixed alfalfa-orchard grass sward. three treatments were evaluated: 0, 4, and 8 kg dry matter (dm) of fcm cow(-1) day(-1). the experimental design was a crossover, with three periods lasting 19 days each. there were no differences o ... | 2010 | 20524066 |
| [spider community (arachnida, araneae) of alfalfa crops (medicago sativa) in buenos aires, argentina]. | over the last decades there has been an increasing interest in the use of natural enemies to control pest insects, including spiders. we studied a spider community in argentina by sampling every two weeks during 2004-2006 in one-hectare lots. soil stratum spiders were collected using nets and pitfall traps. a total of 6229 specimens were collected (15 families and 50 species). seven families were found in the herbal stratum, the most abundant were thomisidae (n=2012, 32.30%), araneidae (n=1516, ... | 2010 | 20527473 |
| pesticides residues in milks and feedstuff of farm animals drawn from greece. | the objective of this study was to investigate if milk from dairy sheep and goats, fed mainly with supplementary feed during the winter months, was contaminated with pesticides residues. tauwo hundred milk samples from sheep and goats were collected from 10 farms of each animals. the sheep and goats farms were selected from those which represent common conventional production and feeding systems in greece. milk and feed samples (alfalfa hay, wheat straw, shrubs, pasture and concentrates) were ta ... | 2010 | 20537679 |
| ggdef and eal proteins play different roles in the control of sinorhizobium meliloti growth, motility, exopolysaccharide production, and competitive nodulation on host alfalfa. | a new bacterial secondary messenger, bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-gmp), is usually synthesized or decomposed by proteins containing ggdef or glutamate-alanine-leucine (eal) domain. they often act as cyclase or phosphodiesterase of c-di-gmp and their genes are distributed among almost all bacteria according to known genomic dna sequences. however, the systematic identification of ggdef and eal genes remains unclear in rhizobia, soil bacteria that interact with compatib ... | 2010 | 20539941 |
| plant-feeding insects harbor double-stranded rna viruses encoding a novel proline-alanine rich protein and a polymerase distantly related to that of fungal viruses. | novel double-stranded rnas (approximately 8 kbp) were isolated from threecornered alfalfa hopper (spissistilus festinus) and beet leafhopper (circulifer tenellus), two plant-feeding hemipteran insect pests. the two new viruses, designated spissistilus festinus virus 1 (spfv1) and circulifer tenellus virus 1 (citv1), do not appear to be encapsidated in conventional virions and shared a genome organization similar to that of several unclassified fungal viruses. spfv1 and citvl encode a proline-ala ... | 2010 | 20541786 |
| effect of feeding bioactive forages on infection and subsequent development of haemonchus contortus in lamb faeces. | contrasting dried herbage diets were offered to lambs to evaluate their effects on haemonchus contortus infection and on subsequent development of larvae in faeces. artificially infected lambs (n=24, 4 months old) were allocated to one of four treatment groups (n=6) and fed on hay of lucerne (medicago sativa; lu), sulla (hedysarum coronarium; su), sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia; sa) or wormwood (artemisia absinthium; wo) included as 20% in ground lucerne pellets. while voluntary intake was simi ... | 2010 | 20554118 |
| tobacco biomass hydrolysate enhances coenzyme q10 production using photosynthetic rhodospirillum rubrum. | coenzyme q10 (coq10), a potent antioxidative dietary supplement, was produced using a photosynthetic bacteria rhodospirillum rubrum atcc 25852 by submerged fermentation supplemented with tobacco biomass hydrolysate (tbh) in comparison with media supplemented with hydrolysates prepared with alfalfa (abh) or spinach (sbh). growth medium supplemented with 20% (v/v) tbh was found favorable with regard to cell density and coq10 concentration. the stimulation effects on cell growth (shortened lag phas ... | 2010 | 20554198 |
| diversity and abundance of the bacterial 16s rrna gene sequences in forestomach of alpacas (lama pacos) and sheep (ovis aries). | two bacterial 16s rrna gene clone libraries were constructed from the forestomach of alpacas and sheep fed alfalfa. after the amplification using the universal 16s rrna gene primers, equal quantities of pcr products from the same species were mixed and used to construct the two libraries. sequence analysis showed that the 60 clones from alpacas were divided into 27 phylotypes with 25% clones affiliated with eubacterium sp. f1. the 60 clones from sheep were divided into 21 phylotypes with 7 phylo ... | 2010 | 20558310 |
| influence of feeding various quantities of wet and dry distillers grains to finishing steers on carcass characteristics, meat quality, retail-case life of ground beef, and fatty acid profile of longissimus muscle. | two hundred forty angus crossbred steers were used to determine the influence of feeding various quantities of wet and dry distillers grains to finishing steers on carcass characteristics, meat quality, retail-case life of ground beef, and fatty acid profile of lm. three replications of 5 dietary treatments were randomly applied to 15 pens in each of 2 yr. a finishing diet containing dry-rolled corn, soybean meal, and alfalfa hay was fed as the control diet. wet distillers grains with solubles ( ... | 2010 | 20562359 |
| habitat affinity of resident natural enemies of the invasive aphis glycines (hemiptera: aphididae), on soybean, with comments on biological control. | we integrated a natural enemy survey of the broader landscape into a more traditional survey for aphis glycines matsumura (hemiptera: aphididae), parasitoids and predatory flies on soybean using a. glycines-infested soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., placed in cropped and noncropped plant systems to complement visual field observations. across three sites and 5 yr, 18 parasitoids and predatory flies in total (hymenoptera: aphelinidae [two species] and bracondae [seven species], diptera: cecidomyii ... | 2010 | 20568602 |
| alfalfa mosaic virus: coat protein-dependent initiation of infection. | summary taxonomy: alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) is the type species of the genus alfamovirus and belongs to the family bromoviridae. in this family, the tripartite rna genomes of bromo-, cucumo- and probably oleaviruses are infectious as such, whereas infection with the three genomic rnas of alfamo- and ilarviruses requires addition to the inoculum of a few molecules of coat protein (cp) per rna molecule. rnas 1 and 2 encode the replicase proteins p1 and p2, rna 3 encodes the movement protein and c ... | 2003 | 20569357 |
| the distribution and expression of a biotrophy-related gene, cih1, within the genus colletotrichum. | abstract during the biotrophic phase of the infection process of the hemibiotrophic anthracnose fungus colletotrichum lindemuthianum, an intracellular hypha develops within epidermal cells of its host, phaseolus vulgaris. this is followed by the formation of secondary hyphae during the necrotrophic phase. previous work using a monoclonal antibody, ub25, has identified a glycoprotein that is specific to the interfacial matrix that forms between the wall of the intracellular hypha and the invagina ... | 2000 | 20572968 |
| absence of functional tolc protein causes increased stress response gene expression in sinorhizobium meliloti. | the tolc protein from sinorhizobium meliloti has previously been demonstrated to be required for establishing successful biological nitrogen fixation symbiosis with medicago sativa. it is also needed in protein and exopolysaccharide secretion and for protection against osmotic and oxidative stresses. here, the transcriptional profile of free-living s. meliloti 1021 tolc mutant is described as a step toward understanding its role in the physiology of the cell. | 2010 | 20573193 |
| effect of protein-xanthophylls (px) concentrate of alfalfa supplementation on physico-chemical properties of turkey breast and thigh muscles during ageing. | the objective was to evaluate the effects of a dietary protein-xanthophylls (px) concentrate of alfalfa to turkey diets (at 15 and 30 g kg(-1) feed) on the physico-chemical properties of breast and thigh muscles during ageing. the experiment involved 120 turkeys (big-6 type) allotted to 3 groups (group i-control group; group ii--with 1.5% supplementation of the protein-xanthophylls (px) concentrate; group iii--with 3% supplementation of the protein-xanthophylls (px) concentrate). measurements of ... | 2010 | 20580166 |
| evaluation of mathematical models to describe testicular growth in blackbelly ram lambs. | the primary objective was to compare various mathematical models to describe scrotal circumference (sc) and paired testis volume development in blackbelly ram lambs. the study was conducted in the state of querétaro, méxico (20° 43' n, 100° 15' w). spring-born blackbelly ram lambs (n = 41) were housed outdoors and fed alfalfa hay and concentrate. body weight, sc, and testis length, diameter, and volume were recorded every 2 wk from 24 to 172 d of age (june 18 to november 3). the following mathem ... | 2010 | 20594587 |
| identification of a trap transporter for malonate transport and its expression regulated by gtra from sinorhizobium meliloti. | sinorhizobium meliloti can live as a saprophyte in soil or as a nitrogen-fixing symbiont inside the root nodule cells of alfalfa and related legumes by utilizing different organic compounds as its carbon source. here we have identified the matpqmab operon in s. meliloti 1021. within this operon, matp, matq and the m region of the fused gene matma encode an extracytoplasmic solute receptor, a small transmembrane protein and a large transmembrane protein, consisting of three components of the trip ... | 2010 | 20594941 |
| resistance to bacillus thuringiensis in the cabbage looper (trichoplusia ni) increases susceptibility to a nucleopolyhedrovirus. | cabbage loopers, trichoplusia ni, are pests in many agricultural settings including vegetable greenhouses in british columbia (canada), where microbial insecticides based on bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins are commonly used. frequent use of these insecticides has led to resistance in some populations. an alternative microbial control is the multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus of the alfalfa looper (autographa californica), acmnpv which occurs naturally, but at low frequencies in t. ni populations. ... | 2010 | 20600095 |
| antithrombotic effects of naturally derived products on coagulation and platelet function. | to date, there have been few systematic studies of the antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant effects of natural products. according to the natural medicines comprehensive database, approximately 180 dietary supplements have the potential to interact with warfarin, and more than 120 may interact with aspirin, clopidogrel, and dipyridamole. these include anise and dong quai (anticoagulant effects); omega 3-fatty acids in fish oil, ajoene in garlic, ginger, ginko, and vitamin e (antiplatelet properties ... | 2010 | 20617421 |
| [the study on immune responses in balb/c mice by immunization with the transgenic alfalfa(medicago sativa) containing eg95-ega31 fusion gene of echinococcus granulosus]. | to investigate the immune responses and the protection induced by the transgenic alfalfa (medicago sativa) containing eg95-ega31 fusion gene of echinococcus granulosus against eg protoscoleces. | 2010 | 20619100 |
| characterization of extrachromosomal replicons present in the extended host range rhizobium sp. lpu83. | in several rhizobia, bacteria that inhabit the soil in free-living conditions and associate in symbiosis with the root of legumes as nitrogen-fixing organisms, plasmid dna can constitute a high percentage of the genome. we have characterized acid-tolerant isolates of rhizobia-here represented by the strain rhizobium sp. lpu83-that have an extended nodulation-host range including alfalfa, the common bean, and leucena leucocephala. in this study we analyzed the plasmids of r. sp. lpu83 in order to ... | 2010 | 20621118 |
| efficient rhizosphere colonization by pseudomonas fluorescens f113 mutants unable to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces. | motility is a key trait for rhizosphere colonization by pseudomonas fluorescens. mutants with reduced motility are poor competitors, and hypermotile, more competitive phenotypic variants are selected in the rhizosphere. flagellar motility is a feature associated to planktonic, free-living single cells, and although it is necessary for the initial steps of biofilm formation, bacteria in biofilm lack flagella. to test the correlation between biofilm formation and rhizosphere colonization, we have ... | 2010 | 20626456 |
| utilization of nitrogen in cows consuming wet distillers grains with solubles in alfalfa and corn silage-based dairy rations. | the objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of forage type on nutrient digestibility, purine derivative excretion, nitrogen utilization, and milk production in dairy cattle consuming rations containing high levels of wet distillers grains with solubles (wdgs). primiparous (n=8) and multiparous (n=20) holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square. animals were fed 1 of 4 treatments during each 21-d period: 1) cont-cs, 0% wdgs and high corn silage; 2) cont-as, 0% w ... | 2010 | 20630234 |
| quantifying ruminal digestion of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber using the omasal sampling technique in cattle--a meta-analysis. | a data set from 32 studies (122 diets) was used to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the omasal sampling technique by investigating the relationships between ruminal and total digestion of neutral detergent fiber (ndf), between intake and apparent and true ruminal digestion of organic matter (om), and between omasal nan flow and milk protein yield. a mixed model regression analysis with random study effect was used to evaluate the relationships. the data were obtained when feeding north ame ... | 2010 | 20630237 |
| quantifying ruminal nitrogen metabolism using the omasal sampling technique in cattle--a meta-analysis. | mixed model analysis of data from 32 studies (122 diets) was used to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the omasal sampling technique for quantifying ruminal-n metabolism and to assess the relationships between nonammonia-n flow at the omasal canal and milk protein yield. data were derived from experiments in cattle fed north american diets (n=36) based on alfalfa silage, corn silage, and corn grain and northern european diets (n=86) composed of grass silage and barley-based concentrates. in ... | 2010 | 20630238 |
| effects of partially replacing barley silage or barley grain with dried distillers grains with solubles on rumen fermentation and milk production of lactating dairy cows. | dried distillers grains with solubles (ddgs) has been commonly used as a dietary protein source for lactating dairy cows. however, there is a paucity of data evaluating the use of ddgs as a partial replacement of forage or grain. the objective of this study was to determine the effects of partially replacing barley silage or barley grain with corn/wheat-based ddgs on dry matter intake (dmi), chewing activity, rumen fermentation, and milk production. six ruminally cannulated lactating holstein co ... | 2010 | 20630239 |
| effects of feeding alfalfa hay on chewing, rumen ph, and milk fat concentration of dairy cows fed wheat dried distillers grains with solubles as a partial substitute for barley silage. | the objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding alfalfa hay on chewing activity, rumen fermentation, and milk fat concentration of dairy cows fed wheat-based dried distillers grains with solubles (ddgs) as a partial replacement of barley silage. thirty lactating holstein cows (220+/-51 dim), 6 of which were ruminally cannulated, were used in a 3 x 3 latin square design with 21-d periods. cows were fed a control diet [con; 50% barley silage and 50% concentrate mix on a dry mat ... | 2010 | 20630240 |
| disparity of dietary effects on collagen characteristics and toughness between two beef muscles. | manipulation of growth rate and/or diet has been shown to affect protein turnover and may be used to improve beef quality. this trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of average daily gain (adg) and diet on animal performance, collagen characteristics and beef quality of two different muscles; longissimus dorsi (ld) and semitendinosus (st). seventy six hereford and angus steers were assigned to three dietary management regimens for finishing: high grain diet based on corn (n=28), alfalfa pa ... | 2010 | 20646835 |
| effect of the feeding system on the fatty acid composition, expression of the delta9-desaturase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, gamma, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 genes in the semitendinous muscle of light lambs of the rasa aragonesa breed. | conjugated linoleic acids (clas) are receiving increasing attention because of their beneficial effects on human health, with milk and meat products derived from ruminants as important sources of cla in the human diet. scd gene is responsible for some of the variation in cla concentration in adipose tissues, and ppargamma, pparalpha and srebp1 genes are regulator of scd gene. the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the feeding system on fatty acid composition, cla content and relative ... | 2010 | 20649987 |
| comparison of fermentation of diets of variable composition and microbial populations in the rumen of sheep and rusitec fermenters. i. digestibility, fermentation parameters, and microbial growth. | four ruminally and duodenally cannulated sheep and 8 rusitec fermenters were used to determine the effects of forage to concentrate (f:c) ratio and type of forage in the diet on ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. the purpose of the study was to assess how closely fermenters can mimic the dietary differences found in vivo. the 4 experimental diets contained f:c ratios of 70:30 or 30:70 with either alfalfa hay or grass hay as the forage. microbial growth was determined in both s ... | 2010 | 20655438 |
| comparison of fermentation of diets of variable composition and microbial populations in the rumen of sheep and rusitec fermenters. ii. protozoa population and diversity of bacterial communities. | four ruminally and duodenally cannulated sheep and 8 rusitec fermenters were used to determine the effects of dietary characteristics on microbial populations and bacterial diversity. the purpose of the study was to assess how closely fermenters can mimic the differences between diets found in vivo. the 4 experimental diets contained forage to concentrate (f:c) ratios of 70:30 (high forage; hf) or 30:70 (high concentrate; hc) with either alfalfa hay (a) or grass hay (g) as the forage. total bact ... | 2010 | 20655439 |
| feed delivery method affects the learning of feeding and competitive behavior in dairy heifers. | the objective of this study was to determine how different feeding methods may affect the learning of feeding, sorting, and competitive behavior of growing dairy heifers. we hypothesized that heifers previously fed a total mixed ration (tmr) would distribute their feeding time more evenly throughout the day, sort the new ration less, compete less for feed, maintain a more solid fecal consistency, and continue to grow rapidly compared with heifers previously fed a top-dressed ration (tdr). thirty ... | 2010 | 20655442 |
| [changes of cytokine secretion in mice by immunization with leaf protein extracted from echinococcus granulosus eg95-ega31 transgenic alfalfa]. | to investigate the weight reduction of hydatid cyst and the changes of cytokine secretion in mice immunized by leaf protein extracted from echinococcus granulosus (eg) eg95-ega31 transgenic alfalfa and challenged by eg protoscoleces. | 2010 | 20666308 |
| pyruvate is synthesized by two pathways in pea bacteroids with different efficiencies for nitrogen fixation. | nitrogen fixation in legume bacteroids is energized by the metabolism of dicarboxylic acids, which requires their oxidation to both oxaloacetate and pyruvate. in alfalfa bacteroids, production of pyruvate requires nad+ malic enzyme (dme) but not nadp+ malic enzyme (tme). however, we show that rhizobium leguminosarum has two pathways for pyruvate formation from dicarboxylates catalyzed by dme and by the combined activities of phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) carboxykinase (pcka) and pyruvate kinase (pyk ... | 2010 | 20675477 |
| short-term grazing of lucerne and chicory increases ovulation rate in synchronised merino ewes. | this study evaluated the ability of short-term grazing of live=green pasture to increase ovulation rate during late summer when annual pasture is generally dead and of low quality. ovulation rates, measured by the number of corpora lutea, were compared between 4 nutritional treatments: senesced phalaris (phalaris aquatica), phalaris plus 500g lupin grain per day, lucerne (medicago sativa) or chicory (chicorum intybus) pastures. the study used 100 merino ewes per treatment, divided between 2 repl ... | 2010 | 20678872 |
| host and nonhost resistance in medicago-colletotrichum interactions. | medicago truncatula lines resistant (a17) or susceptible (f83005.5) to the alfalfa pathogen colletotrichum trifolii were used to compare defense reactions induced upon inoculation with c. trifolii or with the nonadapted pathogens c. lindemuthianum and c. higginsianum. nonadapted colletotrichum spp. induced a hypersensitive response (hr)-like reaction similar to the one induced during the host-incompatible interaction. molecular analyses indicated an induction of pr10 and chalcone synthase genes ... | 2010 | 20687801 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti requires a cobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase for symbiosis with its plant host. | vitamin b(12) (cobalamin) is a critical cofactor for animals and protists, yet its biosynthesis is limited to prokaryotes. we previously showed that the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing alphaproteobacterium sinorhizobium meliloti requires cobalamin to establish a symbiotic relationship with its plant host, medicago sativa (alfalfa). here, the specific requirement for cobalamin in the s. meliloti-alfalfa symbiosis was investigated. of the three known cobalamin-dependent enzymes in s. meliloti, the methy ... | 2010 | 20698752 |
| effects of some purified saponins on transmural potential difference in mammalian small intestine. | the effect of a range of saponins, commonly present in foods or dietary supplements, on the potential difference (pd) across the mucosa of the rat small intestine in vitro has been examined. saponins from gypsophila, guar, alfalfa, quillaja, clover and liquorice together with glycoalkaloids from the potato and tomato were examined. the typical response was an immediate reduction in pd, although there was considerable variation in the response to particular compounds. amongst the factors affectin ... | 1989 | 20702304 |
| a comparison of two class 10 pathogenesis-related genes from alfalfa and their activation by multiple stresses and stress-related signaling molecules. | a collection of 29 pathogenesis-related 10 (pr10) genes of medicago sativa and medicago truncatula showed that they were almost all obtained from cdna libraries of tissues undergoing abiotic or biotic stresses. the predicted proteins could be divided into two subclasses, pr10.1 and pr10.2, but in silico predicted models of their three-dimensional structures revealed that they could be further divided based on size of the hydrophobic internal cavity and number of β-bulges. a comparison of the exp ... | 2010 | 20703880 |
| the 3' untranslated region of the two cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs(1)) genes in alfalfa (medicago sativa) regulates transcript stability in response to glutamine. | glutamine synthetase (gs) catalyzes the atp-dependent condensation of ammonia with glutamate to produce glutamine. the gs enzyme is located either in the chloroplast (gs(2)) or in the cytoplasm (gs(1)). gs(1) is encoded by a small gene family and the members exhibit differential expression pattern mostly attributed to transcriptional regulation. based on our recent finding that a soybean gs(1) gene, gmglnβ ( 1 ) is subject to its 3'utr-mediated post-transcriptional regulation as a transgene in a ... | 2010 | 20706735 |
| the influence of forage diets and aging on beef palatability. | to investigate the influence of diet and aging on beef palatability, lipid oxidative stability, and fatty acid composition, crossbred steers were assigned to feedlot s (alfalfa and grain), forage tr (triticale and annual ryegrass), forage tk (triticale and kale), or forage+feedlot (grazing ryegrass, fescue and orchardgrass, finished on alfalfa and grain) dietary treatments. heifers were finished on feedlot h (alfalfa and grain). longissimus and tricep muscles were sampled from these animals for ... | 2010 | 20709462 |
| comparison of in vitro digestibility estimates using the daisyii incubator with in vivo digestibility estimates in horses. | the objective of this study was to determine if in vitro methodologies developed for the ankom daisy(ii) incubator could produce accurate estimates of in vivo equine dm digestibility (dmd) and ndf digestibility (ndfd) when equine feces were used as the inoculum source. four mature geldings were utilized in a 4 × 4 latin square design experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments (timothy hay, alfalfa hay, timothy hay plus oats, and alfalfa hay plus oats), in which the geldi ... | 2010 | 20709869 |
| effect of weaning age on feed intake and ruminal fermentation patterns of calves fed a dry total mixed ration with ad libitum access to grass hay. | to study the effect of weaning age on average daily gain (adg), dry matter intake (dmi) and ruminal fermentation, 10 rumen-cannulated male holstein calves were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: (i) early weaned at 8 weeks of age (235 l milk); (ii) conventionally weaned at 12 weeks of age (347 l milk). twice daily grass hay (9.0 mj me x kg(-1) dm) and a dry total mixed ration (tmr) (11.6 mj me x kg(-1) dm) containing 15% alfalfa hay and 85% concentrates were offered separately. water wa ... | 2010 | 20722300 |
| palmate-like pentafoliata1 encodes a novel cys(2)his(2) zinc finger transcription factor essential for compound leaf morphogenesis in medicago truncatula. | as the primary site for photosynthetic carbon fixation and the interface between plants and the environment, plant leaves play a key role in plant growth, biomass production and survival, and global carbon and oxygen cycles. leaves can be simple with a single blade or compound with multiple units of blades known as leaflets. in a palmate-type compound leaf, leaflets are clustered at the tip of the leaf. in a pinnate-type compound leaf, on the other hand, leaflets are placed on a rachis in distan ... | 2010 | 20724826 |
| physiological characteristics of several rumen protozoa grown in vitro with observations on within and among species variation. | when fed equal amounts of substrate, two epidinium caudatum clone cultures of markedly different size produced similar volumes of microbial protoplasm. addition of up to 50% volume of 72h culture medium had no inhibitory effects on growth of epidinium. two clone cultures of epidinium caudatum from australia had longer generation times and showed less substrate attachment when compared to ohio clones of this same species. substitution of alfalfa for orchardgrass in the normal substrate increased ... | 2010 | 20801008 |
| development of a multiplex real-time pcr assay with internal amplification control for the detection of shigella species and enteroinvasive escherichia coli. | shigella species, particularly s. sonnei and s. flexneri, remain some of the leading bacterial etiological agents of gastrointestinal diseases in the united states and globally. the isolation and detection of these foodborne pathogens are critical for preventing the spread of disease and facilitating epidemiological investigations aimed at determining the source of a shigella infection outbreak. a multiplex real-time pcr-based assay was developed that targets all four species of shigella plus en ... | 2010 | 20828467 |
| bacillus thuringiensis protein cry6b (bgsc id 4d8) is toxic to larvae of hypera postica. | insecticidal proteins produced by strains of bacillus thuringenesis are specific toward target pests. one of the bt proteins, cry 1ac has been used successfully for controlling crop predation by polyphagous pests helicoverpa armigera. structurally, bt proteins consist of three domains; domain i and iii are fairly homologous in various bt proteins while domain ii is hypervariable. the hypervariable domain ii is believed to be responsible for specificity toward target pest. successful deployment o ... | 2011 | 20835830 |
| reduction of salmonella on alfalfa seeds using peroxyacetic acid and a commercial seed washer is as effective as treatment with 20 000 ppm of ca(ocl)2. | the efficacy of a commercial seed washer and 1 and 3% peroxyacetic acid or 20 000 ppm calcium hypochlorite for reducing salmonella on alfalfa seeds was investigated. | 2010 | 20840553 |
| evaluation of in vitro gas production and rumen bacterial populations fermenting corn milling (co)products. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentation dynamics of 2 commonly fed corn (co)products in their intact and defatted forms, using the in vitro gas production (ivgp) technique, and to investigate the shifts of the predominant rumen bacterial populations using the 16s rdna bacterial tag-encoded flx amplicon pyrosequencing (btefap) technique. the btefap technique was used to determine the bacterial profile of each fermentation time at 24 and 48 h. bacterial populations were identi ... | 2010 | 20855008 |
| effect of feed sorting on chewing behavior, production, and rumen fermentation in lactating dairy cows. | ration sorting is thought to allow cows to eat different rations throughout the day, causing fluctuations in rumen fermentation patterns that can be detrimental to production and possibly animal health. the objective of this experiment was to study the effects of varying total mixed ration (tmr) particle size on sorting behavior of lactating dairy cows and to evaluate effects on chewing behavior, milk yield, milk components, and rumen fermentation. eight multiparous, holstein cows (90±32 d in mi ... | 2010 | 20855013 |
| delftia sp. jd2: a potential cr(vi)-reducing agent with plant growth-promoting activity. | a chromium (cr)-resistant bacterium isolated from soil containing 6,000 mg/kg of cr was identified based on 16s rrna gene sequence analysis as delftia, and designated as jd2. growth of jd2 was accompanied with reduction of cr(vi) to cr(iii) in liquid medium initially containing 100 mg/l cr(vi), the maximum concentration allowing growth. jd2 showed nadh/nadph-dependent reductase activity associated with the soluble fraction of cells. the results suggest that jd2 might be a good candidate for the ... | 2011 | 20857088 |
| maturity of coastal bermudagrass and alfalfa affects ruminal in situ and total tract dry matter and phosphorus disappearance in cannulated steers. | variability of phosphorus (p) availability among forage species and plant maturity is largely ignored when formulating ruminant diets. to determine if variability in p availability changes with forage species and/or maturity, ruminal in situ and total (ruminal+post-ruminal) dry matter (dm) and phosphorus disappearance (pd) from alfalfa (alf; medicago sativa) and coastal bermudagrass (cb; cynodon dactylon) harvested at four stages of maturity was measured in cattle. forages were hand clipped at 1 ... | 2010 | 20880283 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. on alfalfa seeds by caprylic acid and monocaprylin. | alfalfa and other seed sprouts have been implicated in several escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. human illness outbreaks in the u.s. continuing food safety issues with alfalfa seeds necessitate the need for discovery and use of novel and effective antimicrobials. the potential use of caprylic acid (ca) and monocaprylin (mc) for reducing e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. populations on alfalfa seeds was evaluated. the effectiveness of three concentrations of ca and mc (25, 50, and 75 ... | 2010 | 20926150 |
| effects of physically effective fiber on chewing activity, ruminal fermentation, and digestibility in goats. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of physically effective ndf (pendf) in goat diets containing alfalfa hay as the sole forage source on feed intake, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility. four rumen-fistulated goats were fed different proportions of chopped and ground alfalfa hay in a 4 × 4 latin square design. diets were chemically similar but varied in pendf content: low, moderate low, moderate high, and high. dietary pendf content was determi ... | 2010 | 20935139 |
| fattening performance, slaughter, carcass and meat quality traits of karayaka lambs. | in order to verify the fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics and to investigate the changes in some meat quality traits of karayaka lambs weaned at 3 months of age, 39 lambs (23 males and 16 females) were used as experimental animals. the lambs were fed a concentrate mixture and alfalfa hay (120 and 168 g crude protein and 2,700 and 1,951 me/kg, respectively) for a period of 60 days of fattening period. male lambs were superior (p < 0.05) to female lambs in terms of daily ... | 2010 | 20938737 |
| multiplexed magnetic microsphere immunoassays for detection of pathogens in foods. | foodstuffs have traditionally been challenging matrices for conducting immunoassays. proteins, carbohydrates, and other macromolecules present in food matrices may interfere with both immunoassays and pcr-based tests, and removal of particulate matter may also prove challenging prior to analyses. this has been found true when testing for bacterial contamination of foods using the standard polystyrene microspheres utilized with luminex flow cytometers. luminex magplex microspheres are encoded wit ... | 2010 | 20953301 |
| effect of feeding alfalfa hay or tifton 85 bermudagrass haylage with or without a cellulase enzyme on performance of holstein cows. | forty-four lactating holstein cows (173±30 dim, 42.5±6.8 kg of milk, 4.03±0.69% fat, 674±78 kg of body weight) were used in an 8-wk, completely randomized trial with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the effect of forage source and supplemental cellulase enzyme on performance. treatments included 2 forage combinations (corn silage plus 12.2% dry matter, dm, from either alfalfa hay or tifton 85 bermudagrass haylage) with or without a commercial cellulase enzyme applied to t ... | 2010 | 20965344 |
| effects of feeding increasing levels of wet corn gluten feed on production and ruminal fermentation in lactating dairy cows. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary inclusion rates of wet corn gluten feed (wcgf; sweet bran; cargill inc., blair, ne) on milk production and rumen parameters. four primiparous and 4 multiparous ruminally cannulated holstein cows averaging 90±13 d in milk (mean ± sd) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 sequences in a replicated 4 × 4 latin square experiment with 28-d periods. treatments were diets containing 0, 11, 23, and 34% wcgf on a dry matter basis; alfal ... | 2010 | 20965349 |
| effects of corn silage hybrids and dietary nonforage fiber sources on feed intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and productive performance of lactating holstein dairy cows. | this experiment was conducted to determine the effects of corn silage hybrids and nonforage fiber sources (nffs) in high forage diets formulated with high dietary proportions of alfalfa hay (ah) and corn silage (cs) on ruminal fermentation and productive performance by early lactating dairy cows. eight multiparous holstein cows (4 ruminally fistulated) averaging 36±6.2 d in milk were used in a duplicated 4 × 4 latin square design experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. cows ... | 2010 | 20965355 |
| phytochemical and pharmacological potential of medicago sativa: a review. | many herbal remedies have so far been employed for the treatment and management of various ailments since the beginning of human civilization. medicago is an extensive genus of the family leguminosae, comprising about 83 different species. medicago sativa (linn.) has long been used as traditional herbal medicine in china, iraq, turkey, india and america for the treatment of a variety of ailments. | 2010 | 20969516 |
| inositol catabolism, a key pathway in sinorhizobium meliloti for competitive host nodulation. | the nitrogen-fixing symbiont of alfalfa, sinorhizobium meliloti, is able to use myo-inositol as the sole carbon source. putative inositol catabolism genes (iola and iolrcdeb) have been identified in the s. meliloti genome based on their similarities with the bacillus subtilis iol genes. in this study, functional mutational analysis revealed that the iola and iolcdeb genes are required for growth not only with the myo-isomer but also for growth with scyllo- and d-chiro-inositol as the sole carbon ... | 2010 | 20971862 |
| influence of the composition of the cellulolytic flora on the development of hydrogenotrophic microorganisms, hydrogen utilization, and methane production in the rumens of gnotobiotically reared lambs. | we investigated the influence of the composition of the fibrolytic microbial community on the development and activities of hydrogen-utilizing microorganisms in the rumens of gnotobiotically reared lambs. two groups of lambs were reared. the first group was inoculated with fibrobacter succinogenes, a non-h(2)-producing species, as the main cellulolytic organism, and the second group was inoculated with ruminococcus albus, ruminococcus flavefaciens, and anaerobic fungi that produce hydrogen. the ... | 2010 | 20971877 |
| the nodulation of alfalfa by the acid-tolerant rhizobium sp. strain lpu83 does not require sulfated forms of lipochitooligosaccharide nodulation signals. | the induction of root nodules by the majority of rhizobia has a strict requirement for the secretion of symbiosis-specific lipochitooligosaccharides (nodulation factors [nfs]). the nature of the chemical substitution on the nfs depends on the particular rhizobium and contributes to the host specificity imparted by the nfs. we present here a description of the genetic organization of the nod gene cluster and the characterization of the chemical structure of the nfs associated with the broad-host- ... | 2010 | 20971905 |
| preferential use of rna leader sequences during influenza a transcription initiation in vivo. | in vitro transcription initiation studies revealed a preference of influenza a virus for capped rna leader sequences with base complementarity to the viral rna template. here, these results were verified during an influenza infection in mdck cells. alfalfa mosaic virus rna3 leader sequences mutated in their base complementarity to the viral template, or the nucleotides 5' of potential base-pairing residues, were tested for their use either singly or in competition. these analyses revealed that i ... | 2010 | 21030059 |
| allelopatic effects of cyanobacteria extracts containing microcystins on medicago sativa-rhizobia symbiosis. | the eutrophication of water leads to massive blooms of cyanobacteria potentially producers of highly toxic substances: cyanotoxins, especially microcystins (mc). the contamination of water used for irrigation by these toxins, can cause several adverse effects on plants and microorganisms. in this work, we report the phytotoxic effects of microcystins on the development of symbiosis between the leguminous plant medicago sativa (alfalfa) and rhizobia strains. the exposure of rhizobial strains to t ... | 2010 | 21030085 |
| effects of roughage concentration in steam-flaked corn-based diets containing wet distillers grains with solubles on feedlot cattle performance, carcass characteristics, and in vitro fermentation. | two studies were conducted to evaluate effects of wet distillers grains with solubles (wdg) and dietary concentration of alfalfa hay (ah) on performance of finishing beef cattle and in vitro fermentation. in both studies, 7 treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial; factors were dietary concentrations (dm basis) of wdg (15 or 30%) and ah (7.5, 10, or 12.5%) plus a non-wdg control diet that contained 10% ah. in exp. 1, 224 beef steers were used in a randomized complete block (initial bw 3 ... | 2010 | 21036933 |
| composition, spatial distribution, and diversity of the bacterial communities in the rumen of cows fed different forages. | the species composition, distribution, and biodiversity of the bacterial communities in the rumen of cows fed alfalfa or triticale were investigated using 16s rrna gene clone library analyses. the rumen bacterial community was fractionated and analyzed as three separate fractions: populations in the planktonic, loosely attached to rumen digesta particles, and tightly attached to rumen digesta particles. six hundred and thirteen operational taxonomic units (otus) belonging to 32 genera, 19 famili ... | 2010 | 21044097 |
| ant association facilitates the evolution of diet breadth in a lycaenid butterfly. | the role of mutualistic interactions in adaptive diversification has not been thoroughly examined. lycaenid butterflies provide excellent systems for exploring mutualistic interactions, as more than half of this family is known to use ants as a resource in interactions that range from parasitism to mutualism. we investigate the hypothesis that protection from predators offered to caterpillars by ants might facilitate host-range evolution. specifically, experiments with the butterfly lycaeides me ... | 2010 | 21047856 |
| individual and combined application of dry heat with high hydrostatic pressure to inactivate salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7 on alfalfa seeds. | alfalfa sprouts are recurrently implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illnesses as a result of contamination with salmonella or escherichia coli o157:h7. in the majority of these outbreaks, the seeds themselves have been shown to be the most likely source of contamination. the aims of this study were to comparatively assess the efficacy of dry heat treatments alone or in conjunction with high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) to eliminate a ∼5 log cfu/g load of salmonella and e. coli o157:h7 on alfalfa ... | 2010 | 21056783 |
| complex regulation of symbiotic functions is coordinated by mucr and quorum sensing in sinorhizobium meliloti. | in sinorhizobium meliloti, the production of exopolysaccharides such as succinoglycan and exopolysaccharide ii (eps ii) enables the bacterium to invade root nodules on medicago sativa and establish a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. while extensive research has focused on succinoglycan, less is known concerning the regulation of eps ii or the mechanism by which it mediates entrance into the host plant. previously, we reported that the expr/sin quorum-sensing system is required to produce the symbiotic ... | 2010 | 21057009 |
| cattle preferences differ when endophyte-infected tall fescue, birdsfoot trefoil, and alfalfa are grazed in different sequences. | we determined if sequence of ingestion affected use of endophyte-infected tall fescue (tf) when cattle also grazed birdsfoot trefoil (bft) or alfalfa (alf). based on chemical characteristics of tf (alkaloids), bft (tannins), and alf (saponins), we hypothesized that cattle first allowed to graze alf or bft would subsequently spend more time grazing tf than cattle that first grazed tf followed by alf or bft. sixteen bred heifers (478 ± 39 kg initial bw) were randomly assigned to 4 replicated pastu ... | 2010 | 21057090 |
| field trials of aggregation pheromones for the stink bugs chlorochroa uhleri and chlorochroa sayi (hemiptera: pentatomidae). | in field trials, adult chlorochroa uhleri (stål) (heteroptera: pentatomidae) of both sexes were caught in significant numbers in cylindrical screen traps baited with gray rubber septum lures loaded with the main component of the male-produced pheromone, methyl (e)-6-2,3-dihydrofarnesoate. addition of the two possible minor components of the pheromone, methyl (e)-5-2,6,10-trimethyl-5,9-undecadienoate and methyl (2e,6e)-farnesoate, did not affect attraction. combining the pheromone with different ... | 2010 | 21061959 |
| absolute configuration-dependent epoxide formation from isoflavan-4-ol stereoisomers by biphenyl dioxygenase of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain kf707. | biphenyl dioxygenase from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain kf707 expressed in escherichia coli was found to exhibit monooxygenase activity toward four stereoisomers of isoflavan-4-ol. lc-ms and lc-nmr analyses of the metabolites revealed that the corresponding epoxides formed between c2' and c3' on the b-ring of each isoflavan-4-ol substrate were the sole products. the relative reactivity of the stereoisomers was found to be in the order: (3s,4s)-cis-isoflavan-4-ol > (3r,4s)-trans-isoflavan- ... | 2010 | 21063701 |
| effect of environmental factors and influence of rumen and hindgut biogeography on bacterial communities in steers. | feces from cattle production are considered important sources of bacterial contamination of food and the environment. little is known about the combined effects of arctic temperatures and fodder tannins on rumen and hindgut bacterial populations. individual rumen liquor and rectal fecal samples from donor steers fed either alfalfa silage or sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia scop.) silage and water ad libitum were collected weekly on the first three sampling days and fortnightly afterwards. the dai ... | 2010 | 21075877 |
| role of symbiotic auxotrophy in the rhizobium-legume symbioses. | rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae mutants unable to transport branched-chain amino acids via the two main amino acid abc transport complexes aapjqmp and bradefgc produce a nitrogen starvation phenotype when inoculated on pea (pisum sativum) plants [1], [2]. bacteroids in indeterminate pea nodules have reduced abundance and a lower chromosome number. they reduce transcription of pathways for branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis and become dependent on their provision by the host. this has been ... | 2010 | 21085630 |
| rhizoregnet-a database of rhizobial transcription factors and regulatory networks. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a symbiotic soil bacterium that forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on roots of leguminous plants, including medicago truncatula (barrel medic), and m. sativa (alfalfa). the sinorhizobium-medicago symbiosis is an important symbiosis model system. knowledge gained from this system can be extended to other agriculturally important "rhizobial" symbioses. since the publication of the s. meliloti genome in 2001, many new genetic, biochemical and physiological data have been genera ... | 2010 | 21087643 |
| a meta-analysis of passage rate estimated by rumen evacuation with cattle and evaluation of passage rate prediction models. | a meta-analysis of studies using the flux/compartmental pool method with indigestible neutral detergent fiber (indf) as internal marker was conducted to study the effect of extrinsic characteristics and forage type on particle passage rate (k(p)) in cattle. further, the k(p) prediction equations in the national research council (nrc) and the cornell net carbohydrate and protein system (cncps) were evaluated. data comprised 172 treatment means from 49 studies conducted in europe and the united st ... | 2010 | 21094762 |
| host specificity of the ruminal bacterial community in the dairy cow following near-total exchange of ruminal contents. | the purpose of this study was to examine the stability and host specificity of a cow's ruminal bacterial community following massive challenge with ruminal microflora from another cow. in each of 2 experiments, 1 pair of cows was selected on the basis of differences in ruminal bacterial community composition (bcc), determined by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (arisa), a culture-independent "community fingerprinting" technique. each pair of cows was then subjected to a 1-time exch ... | 2010 | 21094763 |
| inoculants for ensiling low-dry matter corn crop: a midlactation cow perspective. | in many regions, optimum dry matter (dm) content of corn crop pre-ensilage cannot be ensured for management, agronomical and climatic reasons. under such conditions, corn crops are harvested at low dm, and are easily exposed to unfavourable fermentation pathways and plant spoilage and wastage. thus, it is a major question for dairy agriculturists whether certain microbial inoculants application to low-dm corn crop pre-ensilage affects silage quality and cow performance. the objective was to dete ... | 2010 | 21114546 |
| effect of ammonium chloride supplementation on urine ph and urinary fractional excretion of electrolytes in goats. | to determine whether dietary supplementation with ammonium chloride would affect urine ph or urinary fractional excretion (fe) of electrolytes in goats fed grass hay. | 2010 | 21118016 |
| microbial profiles of on-line--procured sprouting seeds and potential hazards associated with enterotoxigenic bacillus spp. in homegrown sprouts. | we examined the microbiological quality of sprouting seeds sold through the internet. overall, five types of seeds each from six organic and six conventional sources were evaluated. the growth and toxin production of naturally occurring bacillus spp. in sprouts produced using home-scale sprouting devices also were investigated. for alfalfa, broccoli, lentil, mungbean, and radish seeds, the average microbial counts were 3.3, 4.0, 2.8, 3.5, and 3.6 log cfu/g, presumptive b. cereus counts were 0.7, ... | 2005 | 21132973 |
| biochanin-a, an isoflavon, showed anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities through the inhibition of inos expression, p38-mapk and atf-2 phosphorylation and blocking nfκb nuclear translocation. | biochanin-a, an isoflavone, existing in red clover, cabbage and alfalfa, has an inhibitory and apoptogenic effect on certain cancer cells. however, the actual mechanism by which this compound inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in cancer cells and the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory activities have not been well characterized. in this study, we have investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity of biochanin-a. the effects of biochanin-a on raw 264.7, ht-29 cell l ... | 2010 | 21147093 |