| multilocus sequence analysis of root nodule isolates from lotus arabicus (senegal), lotus creticus, argyrolobium uniflorum and medicago sativa (tunisia) and description of ensifer numidicus sp. nov. and ensifer garamanticus sp. nov. | nine isolates from argyrolobium uniflorum, lotus creticus , medicago sativa (tunisia) and lotus arabicus (senegal) were analysed by multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa) of five housekeeping genes (reca, atpd, glna, glta and thrc), the 16s rrna gene and the nodulation gene noda. analysis of the individual and concatenated gene sequences demonstrated that the nine new strains constituted three stable, well-supported (bootstrap and gene sequence similarity values) monophyletic clusters, a, b and c, ... | 2010 | 19656922 |
| symbiotic diversity of ensifer meliloti strains recovered from various legume species in tunisia. | ensifer meliloti (formerly sinorhizobium meliloti) was first considered as a specific microsymbiont of medicago, melilotus and trigonella. however, strains of e. meliloti were recovered from root nodules of various legume species and their symbiotic status still remains unclear. here, we further investigate the specificity of these strains. a collection of 47 e. meliloti strains isolated in tunisia from root nodules of medicago truncatula, medicago sativa, medicago ciliaris, medicago laciniata, ... | 2009 | 19665858 |
| assessment of uv biological spectral weighting functions for phenolic metabolites and growth responses in silver birch seedlings. | in research concerning stratospheric ozone depletion, action spectra are used as biological spectral weighting functions (bswfs) for describing the effects of uv radiation on plant responses. our aim was to evaluate the appropriateness of six frequently used bswfs that differ in effectiveness with increasing wavelength. the evaluation of action spectra was based on calculating the effective uv radiation doses according to 1-2) two formulations of the generalized plant action spectrum, 3) a spect ... | 2009 | 19682323 |
| effects of antibiotics and oil on microbial profiles and fermentation in mixed cultures of ruminal microorganisms. | ionophores and supplemental fat are fed to lactating cows to improve feed efficiency. their effect on rumen fermentation is similar, but less is known about their impact on rumen microbes. the objective of this study was to determine the effects of monensin (m), bacitracin (b), and soybean oil (o) on microbial populations. mixed cultures of rumen microbes were incubated in 5 dual-flow continuous fermentors and fed 13.8 g of alfalfa hay pellets daily (dm basis) for 16 d. all fermentors were allow ... | 2009 | 19700708 |
| effect of protein degradability on milk production of dairy ewes. | the objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of protein degradability of dairy sheep diets on milk yield and protein utilization across 2 levels of milk production. three diets were formulated to provide similar energy concentrations and varying concentrations of rumen-degradable protein (rdp) and rumen-undegradable protein (rup): 12% rdp and 4% rup (12-4) included basal levels of rdp and rup, 12% rdp and 6% rup (12-6) included additional rup, and 14% rdp and 4% rup (14-4) includ ... | 2009 | 19700712 |
| type of corn endosperm influences nutrient digestibility in lactating dairy cows. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of type of corn endosperm on nutrient digestibility in lactating dairy cows. near-isogenic variants of an oh43 x w64a normal dent endosperm hybrid carrying floury-2 or opaque-2 alleles were grown in spatial isolation in field plots and harvested as dry shelled corn. six ruminally cannulated, multiparous holstein cows (67 +/- 9 d in milk at trial initiation) were randomly assigned to a replicated 3 x 3 latin square design with 14-d periods; the f ... | 2009 | 19700716 |
| influence of intercropping and intercropping plus rhizobial inoculation on microbial activity and community composition in rhizosphere of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and siberian wild rye (elymus sibiricus l.). | alfalfa-siberian wild rye intercropping is the predominant cropping system used to produce forage in china. in this study, the effects of intercropping and intercropping-rhizobial inoculation on soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere were examined. in both treatments, the yield of alfalfa, microbial biomass and activities of soil urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase in the alfalfa rhizosphere were markedly increased, whereas there w ... | 2009 | 19702874 |
| the effect of ph and a bacteriocin (bovicin hc5) on clostridium sporogenes md1, a bacterium that has the ability to degrade amino acids in ensiled plant materials. | fresh plant materials can be fermented and preserved as silage for cattle, but clostridia that deaminate amino acids increase ph. if the ph of the silage rises, spoilage microorganisms proliferate, and undesirable products accumulate. rod-shaped, anaerobic bacteria with spores were isolated from fresh alfalfa, fresh corn, and silages. strain md1 had the highest specific activity of amino acid deamination, and it was most closely related to clostridium botulinum a and b. however, because strain m ... | 2004 | 19712336 |
| combined use of different gfp reporters for monitoring single-cell activities of a genetically modified pcb degrader in the rhizosphere of alfalfa. | single-cell localization and activity of pseudomonas fluorescens f113, colonizing alfalfa roots, were monitored using fusions of the escherichia coli rrnbp1 ribosomal promoter and gfp genes encoding green fluorescent protein (gfp) of different stability. the monitoring systems permitted non-destructive in situ detection of f113rifpcb cells on the entire root system grown in both the presence and absence of 3-chlorobiphenyl (pcb-2). the root tip and sites of lateral root emergence were found to b ... | 2004 | 19712397 |
| attachment to plant roots and nod gene expression are not affected by ph or calcium in the acid-tolerant alfalfa-nodulating bacteria rhizobium sp. lpu83. | soil acidification is one of the environmental factors that more strongly hampers the establishment of an effective symbiotic interaction between rhizobia and leguminous plants. sinorhizobium meliloti and the acid-tolerant rhizobium sp. strain lpu83 are able to nodulate alfalfa plants at ph 5.6 but both exhibit a delayed nodulation and a reduction in the number of elicited nodules. we show here that the addition of calcium (ca) has no positive effect on the nodulation kinetics shown by lpu83 at ... | 2004 | 19712432 |
| a generic method to identify plant viruses by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry of their coat proteins. | although a number of protocols have been developed for detection of viruses at the genus or family level, universal approaches to detect and identify unknown viruses are still required. high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify accurately peptide masses and their constituent sequences from partially purified plant virus preparations. analysis of the peptide fragment masses against a virus database using pattern-matching algorithms identified sequences with homology to known v ... | 2010 | 19712699 |
| previously uncharacterized salmonella enterica genes required for swarming play a role in seedling colonization. | incidences of bacterial foodborne illness caused by ingestion of fresh produce are rising. instead of this being due to incidental contamination, the animal pathogen salmonella enterica utilizes specific molecular mechanisms to attach to and colonize plants. this work characterizes two s. enterica genes of unknown function: a putative periplasmic protein, stm0278, and a putative protein with a hydrolase in the c-terminus, stm0650. stm0278 and stm0650 are important for seedling colonization but a ... | 2009 | 19713240 |
| effects of level of condensed distillers solubles in corn dried distillers grains on intake, daily body weight gain, and digestibility in growing steers fed forage diets1. | three experiments were conducted examining the effects of feeding different levels of dried distillers grains (ddg) and different proportions of condensed distillers solubles (cds) added to ddg on performance and digestibility in forage-fed steers. in exp. 1, a total of 120 individually fed crossbred steers (276 +/- 31 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design with a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement of treatments. factors included ddg supplementation level (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.0% of bw d ... | 2009 | 19717786 |
| potential use of supercritical carbon dioxide to decontaminate escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella typhimurium in alfalfa sprouted seeds. | we sought to develop a method of decontaminating alfalfa sprouts of escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella typhimurium without altering the seed germination capability using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-co(2)). samples were treated with sc-co(2) at 10, 15, or 20 mpa and temperatures of 35, 40, or 45 degrees c for 5, 10, or 15 min. the germination percentage was measured after three days of germination. generally, treating seeds with sc-co(2) at higher pressures, tem ... | 2009 | 19733412 |
| the rkp-1 cluster is required for secretion of kdo homopolymeric capsular polysaccharide in sinorhizobium meliloti strain rm1021. | under conditions of nitrogen stress, leguminous plants form symbioses with soil bacteria called rhizobia. this partnership results in the development of structures called root nodules, in which differentiated endosymbiotic bacteria reduce molecular dinitrogen for the host. the establishment of rhizobium-legume symbioses requires the bacterial synthesis of oligosaccharides, exopolysaccharides, and capsular polysaccharides. previous studies suggested that the 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic a ... | 2009 | 19734304 |
| cardiac hypertrophy in mice with long-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase or very long-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency. | cardiac hypertrophy is a common finding in human patients with inborn errors of long-chain fatty acid oxidation. mice with either very long-chain acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency (vlcad-/-) or long-chain acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency (lcad-/-) develop cardiac hypertrophy. cardiac hypertrophy, initially measured using heart/body weight ratios, was manifested most severely in lcad-/- male mice. vlcad-/- mice, as a group, showed a mild increase in normalized cardiac mass (8.8% hy ... | 2009 | 19736549 |
| characterization of green-tissue protein extract from alfalfa (medicago sativa) exploiting a 3-d technique. | there is a growing interest of pharmaceutical companies for plant-based production systems. to facilitate the general acceptance of plants as bioreactors, the establishment of efficient downstream operations is critical. it has been proposed that a better understanding of the properties of the contaminant proteins can benefit downstream processing design and operation. the coupled application of 2-de with aqueous two-phase partitioning has been suggested as a practical 3-d method to characterize ... | 2009 | 19746403 |
| enhanced phytoremediation potential of polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated soil from e-waste recycling area in the presence of randomly methylated-beta-cyclodextrins. | the crude recycling of electronic and electric waste (e-waste) is now creating soil pollution problems with organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). the present study aimed to compare the phytoremediation potential of four plant species (rice, alfalfa, ryegrass and tall fescue) for pcbs contaminated soil from taizhou city, one of the largest e-waste recycling centers in china. in addition, the enhanced effects of randomly methylated-beta-cyclodextrins (rameb) on pcbs phytoreme ... | 2009 | 19748180 |
| the development of lactic acid bacteria and lactobacillus buchneri and their effects on the fermentation of alfalfa silage. | this study was conducted to document the development of populations of lactic acid bacteria (lab) and lactobacillus buchneri in alfalfa silage treated with various inoculants. wilted and chopped alfalfa (45% dry matter) was treated with 1) distilled water (untreated, u), 2) lactobacillus buchneri 40788 (4 x 10(5) cfu/g; lb), or 3) l. buchneri 40788 (4 x 10(5) cfu/g) and pediococcus pentosaceus (1 x 10(5) cfu/g; lbpp). forages were packed into triplicate vacuum-sealed, nylon-polyethylene bags per ... | 2009 | 19762819 |
| utilizing fungus myceliated grain for molt induction and performance in commercial laying hens. | molting in poultry is used to rejuvenate hens for a second or third laying cycle. feed withdrawal was once the most effective method used for molt induction; however, it has being phased out due to food safety and animal welfare concerns. this study evaluated the utilization of fungus myceliated grain as a safe and effective alternative for inducing molt, enhancing immunity, reducing salmonella growth, and returning to egg production. laying hens were subjected to 1 of 5 treatments: 1) nonfed (n ... | 2009 | 19762853 |
| the low-molecular-weight fraction of exopolysaccharide ii from sinorhizobium meliloti is a crucial determinant of biofilm formation. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a soil bacterium that elicits the formation of root organs called nodules on its host plant, medicago sativa. inside these structures, the bacteria are able to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which is then used by the plant as a nitrogen source. the synthesis by s. meliloti of at least one exopolysaccharide, succinoglycan or eps ii, is essential for a successful symbiosis. while exopolysaccharide-deficient mutants induce the formation of nodules, they fail to ... | 2009 | 19783627 |
| rumen microbiome composition determined using two nutritional models of subacute ruminal acidosis. | subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) is a metabolic disease in dairy cattle that occurs during early and mid-lactation and has traditionally been characterized by low rumen ph, but lactic acid does not accumulate as in acute lactic acid acidosis. it is hypothesized that factors such as increased gut permeability, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and inflammatory responses may have a role in the etiology of sara. however, little is known about the nature of the rumen microbiome during sara. in this stu ... | 2009 | 19783747 |
| higher accumulation of f1-v fusion recombinant protein in plants after induction of protein body formation. | improving foreign protein accumulation is crucial for enhancing the commercial success of plant-based production systems since product yields have a major influence on process economics. cereal grain evolved to store large amounts of proteins in tightly organized aggregates. in maize, gamma-zein is the major storage protein synthesized by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (er) and stored in specialized organelles called protein bodies (pb). zera (gamma-zein er-accumulating domain) is the n-termina ... | 2010 | 19789982 |
| evaluation of dried distillers grains and roughage source in steam-flaked corn finishing diets. | two studies were conducted to evaluate effects of dried distillers grains with solubles (ddgs) and alfalfa hay (ah) or corn silage (cs) on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, ruminal fermentation, and diet digestibility in cattle fed steam-flaked corn (sfc) diets. in trial 1, crossbred heifers (n = 358; bw = 353 +/- 13 kg) were used in a finishing trial to evaluate interactions between corn-ddgs and roughage source (ah or cs) in terms of impact on feedlot performance and carcass charac ... | 2010 | 19820042 |
| the small intestinal epithelia of beef steers differentially express sugar transporter messenger ribonucleic acid in response to abomasal versus ruminal infusion of starch hydrolysate. | in mammals, the absorption of monosaccharides from small intestinal lumen involves at least 3 sugar transporters (sugt): sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (sglt1; gene slc5a1) transports glucose and galactose, whereas glucose transporter (glut) 5 (glut5; gene slc2a5) transports fructose, across the apical membrane of enterocytes. in contrast, glut2 (gene slc2a2) transports all of these sugars across basolateral and apical membranes. to compare the distribution patterns and sensitivity with ... | 2010 | 19820061 |
| phyto/rhizoremediation studies using long-term pcb-contaminated soil. | polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) represent a large group of recalcitrant environmental pollutants, differing in the number of chlorine atoms bound to biphenyl ring. due to their excellent technological properties, pcbs were used as heat-transfer media, for filling transformers and condensers, as paint additives, etc. with increasing knowledge of their toxicity, transfer to food chains and accumulation in living organisms, their production ended in most countries in the 1970s and in 1984 in the f ... | 2009 | 19823887 |
| [genetic resources of nodule bacteria]. | nodule bacteria (rhizobia) form highly specific symbiosis with leguminous plants. the efficiency of accumulation of biological nitrogen depends on molecular-genetic interaction between the host plant and rhizobia. genetic characteristics of microsymbiotic strains are crucial in developing highly productive and stress-resistant symbiotic pairs: rhizobium strain-host plant cultivar (species). the present review considers the issue of studying genetic resources of nodule bacteria to identify genes ... | 2009 | 19824536 |
| correlations between environmental factors and wild bee behavior on alfalfa (medicago sativa) in northwestern china. | to discover the effect of environmental factors on pollinator visitation to flowering medicago sativa, several field experiments were designed to examine the diurnal movement patterns of wild bee species in the hexi corridor of northwestern china. our study results showed that megachile abluta, m. spissula, and xylocopa valga showed unimodal diurnal foraging behavior, whereas andrena parvula and anthophora melanognatha showed bimodal diurnal foraging behavior. correlation analysis indicated that ... | 2009 | 19825303 |
| assessment of the microbiological safety of edible dried seeds from retail premises in the united kingdom with a focus on salmonella spp. | sesame seed products have recently been associated with a number of salmonella outbreaks in the uk and elsewhere. aside from sesame seeds, there is little published information on the prevalence of salmonella spp. in edible seeds. a study of 3735 samples of retail edible dried seeds in the uk was therefore carried out between october 2007 and march 2008 to assess their microbiological safety in relation to salmonella contamination and levels of escherichia coli, an indicator of faecal contaminat ... | 2009 | 19835770 |
| importance of trehalose biosynthesis for sinorhizobium meliloti osmotolerance and nodulation of alfalfa roots. | the disaccharide trehalose is a well-known osmoprotectant, and trehalose accumulation through de novo biosynthesis is a common response of bacteria to abiotic stress. in this study, we have investigated the role of endogenous trehalose synthesis in the osmotolerance of sinorhizobium meliloti. genes coding for three possible trehalose synthesis pathways are present in the genome of s. meliloti 1021: otsa, treyz, and tres. among these, otsa has a major role in trehalose accumulation under all of t ... | 2009 | 19837796 |
| varying type of forage, concentration of metabolizable protein, and source of carbohydrate affects nutrient digestibility and production by dairy cows. | the effects of forage source, concentration of metabolizable protein (mp), type of carbohydrate, and their interactions on nutrient digestibility and production were evaluated using a central composite treatment design. all diets (dry basis) contained 50% forage that ranged from 25:75 to 75:25 alfalfa silage:corn silage. rumen-degradable protein comprised 10.7% of the dry matter (dm) in all diets, but undegradable protein ranged from 4.1 to 7.1%, resulting in dietary mp concentrations of 8.8 to ... | 2009 | 19841220 |
| varying forage type, metabolizable protein concentration, and carbohydrate source affects manure excretion, manure ammonia, and nitrogen metabolism of dairy cows. | effects of forage source, concentration of metabolizable protein (mp), and type of carbohydrate on manure excretion by dairy cows and production of ammonia from that manure were evaluated using a central composite experimental design. all diets (dry basis) contained 50% forage that ranged from 25:75 to 75:25 alfalfa silage:corn silage. diets contained 10.7% rumen-degradable protein with variable concentrations of undegradable protein so that dietary mp ranged from 8.8 to 12%. starch concentratio ... | 2009 | 19841221 |
| influence of detachment procedure and diet on recovery of solid-associated bacteria from sheep ruminal digesta and representativeness of bacterial isolates as assessed by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis-polymerase chain reaction. | six ruminally and duodenally cannulated sheep were used in a partially replicated 4 x 4 latin square experiment designed to evaluate the efficiency of 3 detachment procedures (dp) to recover solid-associated bacteria (sab) from ruminal digesta. the 4 experimental diets contained forage to concentrate (f:c) ratios of 70:30 or 30:70 with either alfalfa hay or grass hay as the forage. bacterial biomass was labeled with 15nh4cl. the dp were 1) met: digesta was incubated at 38 degrees c for 15 min wi ... | 2009 | 19841225 |
| canola meal replacing distillers grains with solubles for lactating dairy cows. | a study was conducted to determine the response to feeding diets containing canola meal (cm) as a protein supplement in place of all or portions of dried distillers grains with solubles (ddgs). twelve lactating holstein cows (4 primiparous and 8 multiparous) were fed in a 4 x 4 latin square design over 4-wk periods. data were collected wk 3 and 4 of each period. diets were formulated in which cm was 100, 66, 33, and 0% of the supplemental protein replacing the protein from ddgs. all diets (avera ... | 2009 | 19841226 |
| null mutations in sinorhizobium meliloti exos and chvi demonstrate the importance of this two-component regulatory system for symbiosis. | exopolysaccharides, either succinoglycan or galactoglucan, are essential for the establishment of the symbiosis between sinorhizobium meliloti and medicago sativa (alfalfa). the exos/chvi two-component regulatory system is known as a regulator of succinoglycan production but the genes that are directly regulated by chvi have not been determined. difficulty isolating exos and chvi null mutants has prompted the suggestion that these genes are essential for s. meliloti viability. we have successful ... | 2009 | 19843226 |
| starch contents in alfalfa nodules with effective and ineffective symbiotic responses. | rhizobium meliloti auxotrophic and ineffective mutants induced nodules containing: 9.35 microg of starch per mg of the plant tissue (wet wt.) in the case of strain his-240 which did not occupy host cells and 2.7 to 3.5 microg of starch in strains: arg-55, cys-243, cys-244 and cys-246 which occupied part of the host cells (bacteroidal zone). nodules induced by prototrophic and effective strains i.e. l5-30 (wilde type) and prototrophic transductants of arg-55 and his-240 mutants contained 0.13 to ... | 1980 | 19852116 |
| use of chitosans to modulate ruminal fermentation of a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate diet in sheep. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chitosan (chi) on ruminal and cecal fermentation and on apparent digestibility in sheep. in a first trial, 4 ruminally fistulated sheep fed an alfalfa hay and concentrate diet formulated to meet 1.2 times their maintenance energy requirements were assigned to 2 treatments [no-additive control (ctr), or 136 mg/kg of bw of chi] for 19 d in a 2 x 2 crossover design. samples of ruminal fluid and feces were taken for vfa and nh(3)-n concen ... | 2010 | 19854994 |
| the occurrence of antigoitrous substances in plants. | the development of simple goiter in rabbits, which results when they are fed on a diet consisting chiefly of cabbage (or other brassica) can be prevented by the feeding of certain fresh plants. lawn grass, fresh alfalfa, skunk cabbage and steamed cabbage press juice have been found effective. washing brassicae with water improves their goiter-producing action, probably by the removal of goiter-preventing substances. the antigoitrous effect of plant juices was found to vary with the amount of red ... | 1933 | 19870116 |
| ensifer, phyllobacterium and rhizobium species occupy nodules of medicago sativa (alfalfa) and melilotus alba (sweet clover) grown at a canadian site without a history of cultivation. | phage-resistant and -susceptible bacteria from nodules of alfalfa and sweet clover, grown at a site without a known history of cultivation, were identified as diverse genotypes of ensifer, rhizobium and phyllobacterium species based on sequence analysis of ribosomal (16s and 23s rrna) and protein-encoding (atpd and reca) genes, southern hybridization/rflp and a range of phenotypic characteristics. among phage-resistant bacteria, one genotype of rhizobium sp. predominated on alfalfa (frequency ap ... | 2010 | 19875436 |
| reduced nodulation in alfalfa induced by arsenic correlates with altered expression of early nodulins. | arsenic (as) reduces legume nodulation by affecting the first stages of the symbiotic interaction, which causes a 90% decrease in rhizobial infections. in this paper, we examine molecular mechanisms underlying this toxic effect, using the model system medicago sativa-sinorhizobium. in the presence and absence of as, the expression patterns of seven nodulin genes, markers for the different events leading to nodule formation, were analyzed by rt-pcr and by real-time rt-pcr. a significant decrease ... | 2010 | 19879664 |
| production of succinoglycan polymer in sinorhizobium meliloti is affected by smb21506 and requires the n-terminal domain of exop. | the protein tyrosine kinase exop, consisting of an n-terminal periplasmic and a c-terminal cytoplasmic domain, is important for polymerization of the exopolysaccharide succinoglycan (eps i) in sinorhizobium meliloti. we analyzed the contribution of the exop paralogs exop2 and smb21506 to the production of the high molecular weight (hmw) form of eps i. exop2, though not contributing to eps i or lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, showed increased expression at high osmolarity and was expressed in me ... | 2009 | 19888830 |
| nodule-enhanced expression of a sucrose phosphate synthase gene member (msspsa) has a role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the nodules of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). | sucrose phosphate synthase (sps) catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of sucrose in photosynthetic tissues. we characterized the expression of three different isoforms of sps belonging to two different sps gene families in alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), a previously identified sps (msspsa) and two novel isoforms belonging to class b (msspsb and msspsb3). while msspsa showed nodule-enhanced expression, both msspsb genes exhibited leaf-enhanced expression. alfalfa leaf and nodule sps enzymes s ... | 2010 | 19898977 |
| the impact of protein quality on stable nitrogen isotope ratio discrimination and assimilated diet estimation. | accurately predicting isotopic discrimination is central to estimating assimilated diets of wild animals when using stable isotopes. current mixing models assume that the stable n isotope ratio (delta(15)n) discrimination (delta(15)n) for each food in a mixed diet is constant and independent of other foods being consumed. thus, the discrimination value for the mixed diet is the combined, weighted average for each food when consumed as the sole diet. however, if protein quality is a major determi ... | 2010 | 19898979 |
| red clover coumarate 3'-hydroxylase (cyp98a44) is capable of hydroxylating p-coumaroyl-shikimate but not p-coumaroyl-malate: implications for the biosynthesis of phaselic acid. | red clover (trifolium pratense) leaves accumulate several mumol of phaselic acid [2-o-caffeoyl-l-malate] per gram fresh weight. post-harvest oxidation of such o-diphenols to o-quinones by endogenous polyphenol oxidases (ppo) prevents breakdown of forage protein during storage. forages like alfalfa (medicago sativa) lack both foliar ppo activity and o-diphenols. consequently, breakdown of their protein upon harvest and storage results in economic losses and release of excess nitrogen into the env ... | 2010 | 19921248 |
| in vitro and in vivo studies of the rna conformational switch in alfalfa mosaic virus. | the 3' termini of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rnas adopt two mutually exclusive conformations, a coat protein binding (cpb) and a trna-like (tl) conformer, which consist of a linear array of stem-loop structures and a pseudoknot structure, respectively. previously, switching between cpb and tl conformers has been proposed as a mechanism to regulate the competing processes of translation and replication of the viral rna (r. c. l. olsthoorn et al., embo j. 18:4856-4864, 1999). in the present study, ... | 2010 | 19923185 |
| production responses of dairy cows when fed supplemental fat in low- and high-forage diets. | intake of net energy for lactation (ne(l)) is often the limiting factor for milk production and is affected by stage of lactation and dietary concentrations of forage and fat. because of the mechanisms involved, interactions are likely between those 2 diet components and stage of lactation. we conducted an experiment with 72 holstein cows starting at 21 and ending at 126 d in milk (dim). cows were fed diets (dry matter basis) with 40 or 60% forage (67% corn silage, 33% alfalfa silage) each with ... | 2009 | 19923617 |
| short communication: the effect of substituting fish oil in dairy cow diets with docosahexaenoic acid-micro algae on milk composition and fatty acids profile. | the effects of substituting fish oil (fo) with docosahexaenoic acid (dha)-micro algae on milk chemical and fatty acid composition were examined in this study. twenty-four holstein cows in mid lactation grazing on an alfalfa-grass based pasture were divided into 4 treatment groups (6 cows/treatment) and supplemented with 7 kg/d grain mix plus 350 g of soybean oil and one of the following: 1) 150 g of fo, 2) 100 g of fo plus 50 g of algae, 3) 50 g of fo plus 100 g of algae, or 4) 150 g of algae. c ... | 2009 | 19923618 |
| effects of varying bulk densities of steam-flaked corn and dietary roughage concentration on in vitro fermentation, performance, carcass quality, and acid-base balance measurements in finishing steers. | effects of varying bulk densities of steam-flaked corn (sfc) and level of inclusion of roughage in feedlot diets were evaluated in 3 experiments. in exp. 1, a total of 128 beef steers were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement to evaluate the effects of bulk density of sfc (335 or 386 g/l) and roughage concentration (6 or 10% ground alfalfa hay, dm basis) on performance and carcass characteristics. no interactions were observed between bulk density and roughage concentration for performance data ... | 2010 | 19933434 |
| [effects of grassland restoration from cropland on soil macrofaunal community in wuchuan county, inner mongolia]. | by the method of hand-sorting, and using the indices individual number, group number, and biodiversity, the changes in the soil macrofaunal community under the grassland restoration from cropland in wuchuan county, inner mongolia were investigated. a total of 1479 soil macrofauna belonging to 3 classes, 7 orders and 41 families were captured. after the grassland restoration from cropland, the group number, individual number, and biomass of soil macrofauna all had an increasing trend, and the bio ... | 2009 | 19947219 |
| cultural conditions required for the induction of an adaptive acid-tolerance response (atr) in sinorhizobium meliloti and the question as to whether or not the atr helps rhizobia improve their symbiosis with alfalfa at low ph. | sinorhizobium meliloti associates with medicago and melilotus species to develop nitrogen-fixing symbioses. the agricultural relevance of these associations, the worldwide distribution of acid soils, and the remarkable acid sensitivity of the microsymbiont have all stimulated research on the responses of the symbionts to acid environments. we show here that an adaptive acid-tolerance response (atr) can be induced in s. meliloti, as shown previously for sinorhizobium medicae, when the bacteria ar ... | 2010 | 19958387 |
| anthelmintic activity of some mediterranean browse plants against parasitic nematodes. | the anthelmintic properties of tannin-rich plants are being explored as an alternative to chemical drugs. most data have been acquired on legume forages, but only few on browse plants. the present study aimed to (i) screen the in vitro effects of extracts from 7 mediterranean plants on haemonchus contortus, (ii) verify the role of tannins using an inhibitor, polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (pvpp) and (iii) verify the in vivo effects of extracts from 4 plants. significant inhibition was shown in vitro ... | 2010 | 19961649 |
| sheep use preingestive cues as indicators of postingestive consequences to improve food learning. | previous work has shown that herbivores successfully learn to associate food sensory characteristics with postingestive consequences when the conditioning procedure is simple, whereas this ability breaks down when the learning task is made more complex. we hypothesized that sensory characteristics could act as indicators of postingestive consequences and that the presence of preingestive cues would improve the food learning of sheep in situations varying in complexity. sixteen sheep were subject ... | 2010 | 19966152 |
| effect of feeding combinations of wet distillers grains and wet corn gluten feed to feedlot cattle. | three experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of combinations of wet corn gluten feed (wcgf) and wet distillers grain plus solubles (wdgs) in dry-rolled and high-moisture corn-based finishing diets for beef cattle. in exp. 1, 250 steers (bw = 343 +/- 13.5 kg) were fed 5 treatments consisting of a corn-based, control diet with 0% coproducts, and diets including 30% wcgf, 30% wdgs, 15% wcgf plus 15% wdgs, or 30% wcgf plus 30% wdgs. no associative effects resulted from feeding 15% wcgf plus ... | 2010 | 19966168 |
| enhanced removal of polychlorinated biphenyls from alfalfa rhizosphere soil in a field study: the impact of a rhizobial inoculum. | polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) are persistent pollutants in soil environments where they continue to present considerable human health risks. successful strategies to remediate contaminated soils are needed that are effective and of low cost. bioremediation approaches that include the use of plants and microbial communities to promote degradation of pcb have significant potential but need further assessment under field conditions. the effects of growth of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and inocul ... | 2010 | 19995667 |
| a complex genetic network involving a broad-spectrum locus and strain-specific loci controls resistance to different pathotypes of aphanomyces euteiches in medicago truncatula. | a higher understanding of genetic and genomic bases of partial resistance in plants and their diversity regarding pathogen variability is required for a more durable management of resistance genetic factors in sustainable cropping systems. in this study, we investigated the diversity of genetic factors involved in partial resistance to aphanomyces euteiches, a very damaging pathogen on pea and alfalfa, in medicago truncatula. a mapping population of 178 recombinant inbred lines, from the cross f ... | 2010 | 20012740 |
| effects of sulfur and monensin concentrations on in vitro dry matter disappearance, hydrogen sulfide production, and volatile fatty acid concentrations in batch culture ruminal fermentations. | effects of monensin (mon) and s on in vitro fermentation and h(2)s production were evaluated in 2 experiments. in exp. 1, 2 ruminally cannulated steers were adapted (>14 d) to a 75% concentrate diet [steam-flaked corn (sfc)-based], and ruminal fluid was collected approximately 4 h after feeding. substrate composed (dm basis) of 85.2% sfc, 9% alfalfa hay, 5% cottonseed meal, and 0.8% urea was added with ruminal fluid and buffer to sealed 125-ml serum bottles to allow for gas collection. a na(2)so ... | 2010 | 20023144 |
| transgenes and national boundaries - the need for international regulation. | what happens when one nation cultivates a transgenic crop variety but neighboring nations do not? using alfalfa as a case study, we argue that the potential for international transgene flow is substantial, and therefore, the need for international cooperation in regulatory decisions concerning transgenic crops is imperative. alfalfa (medicago sativa, l.) is the major forage crop in north america. recently, genetically modified (gm) alfalfa received a moratorium on further cultivation in the us o ... | 2009 | 20028616 |
| ruminal and total tract phosphorus release from feedstuffs in cattle measured using the mobile nylon bag technique. | phosphorus (p) excretion in manure is a concern for dairy and beef producers. excess p released into surface water runoff can lead to eutrophication and algal blooms in streams and lakes. one approach to reducing p excretion is to reduce dietary p. data regarding p release from feedstuffs is limited and more precise formulations based on specific feed p release in the digestive tract may be one way to lower excreted p. in this experiment, the mobile nylon bag technique was used to determine the ... | 2010 | 20050951 |
| control of salmonella on sprouting mung bean and alfalfa seeds by using a biocontrol preparation based on antagonistic bacteria and lytic bacteriophages. | the following reports on the application of a combination of antagonistic bacteria and lytic bacteriophages to control the growth of salmonella on sprouting mung beans and alfalfa seeds. antagonistic bacteria were isolated from mung bean sprouts and tomatoes by using the deferred plate assay to assess anti-salmonella activity. from the isolates screened, an enterobacter asburiae strain (labeled "jx1") exhibited stable antagonistic activity against a broad range of salmonella serovars (agona, ber ... | 2010 | 20051198 |
| a large markovian linear program to optimize replacement policies and dairy herd net income for diets and nitrogen excretion. | the purpose of the study was 2-fold: 1) to propose a novel modeling framework using markovian linear programming to optimize dairy farmer-defined goals under different decision schemes and 2) to illustrate the model with a practical application testing diets for entire lactations. a dairy herd population was represented by cow state variables defined by parity (1 to 15), month in lactation (1 to 24), and pregnancy status (0 nonpregnant and 1 to 9 mo of pregnancy). a database of 326,000 lactation ... | 2010 | 20059938 |
| bioassay and use in irrigation of untreated and treated wastewaters from phosphate fertilizer industry. | wastewater from phosphate fertilizer industry that contains essentially a significant amount of both fluoride and phosphate was treated by separative precipitation of fluoride ions with hydrated lime. thus, a phosphate-rich effluent with low content of fluoride was obtained. the microtoxicity of the treated wastewater was then monitored by lumistox and its phytotoxicity was investigated on tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), wheat (triticum aestivum), maize (zea mays), ryegrass (lolium perenne), a ... | 2010 | 20061024 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 loss-of-function deletion mutation in chvi and its phenotypic characteristics. | bacterial two-component regulatory systems (tcs) are common components of complex regulatory networks and cascades. in sinorhizobium meliloti, the tcs exos/chvi controls exopolysaccharide succinoglycan production and flagellum biosynthesis. although this system plays a crucial role in establishing the symbiosis between s. meliloti and its host plant, it is not well characterized. attempts to generate complete loss-of-function mutations in either exos or chvi in s. meliloti have been unsuccessful ... | 2010 | 20064059 |
| proteomic alterations explain phenotypic changes in sinorhizobium meliloti lacking the rna chaperone hfq. | the ubiquitous bacterial rna-binding protein hfq is involved in stress resistance and pathogenicity. in sinorhizobium meliloti, hfq is essential for the establishment of symbiosis with medicago sativa and for nitrogen fixation. a proteomic analysis identifies 55 proteins with significantly affected expression in the hfq mutant; most of them are involved in cell metabolism or stress resistance. important determinants of oxidative stress resistance, such as cysk, gsh, bfr, sodc, katb, katc, and a ... | 2010 | 20081032 |
| the sinorhizobium meliloti rna chaperone hfq mediates symbiosis of s. meliloti and alfalfa. | there exist commonalities between symbiotic sinorhizobium meliloti and pathogenic brucella bacteria in terms of extensive gene synteny and the requirements for intracellular survival in their respective hosts. the rna chaperone hfq is essential for virulence for several bacterial groups, including brucella; however, its role in s. meliloti has not been investigated. our studies of an s. meliloti loss-of-function hfq mutant have revealed that hfq plays a key role in the establishment of the symbi ... | 2010 | 20081033 |
| comparison of the attractiveness of organic infusions to the standard cdc gravid mosquito trap. | field experiments were conducted in southeastern texas in 2008 to compare the attractiveness of selected gravid-trap infusions to ovipositing female mosquitoes. comparisons were made among the following infusions: bermuda grass, oak leaves, acacia leaves, rabbit chow (alfalfa pellets) and green algae. experiments were conducted at 6 trap locations in fort sam houston military reservation in san antonio, texas. four (bermuda grass, acacia leaves, oak leaves, and algae) of the 5 infusions were eff ... | 2009 | 20084742 |
| phenotypic and genetic diversity in sinorhizobium meliloti and s. medicae from drought and salt affected regions of morocco. | sinorhizobium meliloti and s. medicae are symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria in root nodules of forage legume alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). in morocco, alfalfa is usually grown in marginal soils of arid and semi-arid regions frequently affected by drought, extremes of temperature and soil ph, soil salinity and heavy metals, which affect biological nitrogen fixing ability of rhizobia and productivity of the host. this study examines phenotypic diversity for tolerance to the above stresses and gen ... | 2010 | 20089174 |
| influence of rpon on isocitrate lyase activity in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major aetiological agent of chronic pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). the metabolic pathways utilized by p. aeruginosa during these infections, which can persist for decades, are poorly understood. several lines of evidence suggest that the glyoxylate pathway, which utilizes acetate or fatty acids to replenish intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is an important metabolic pathway for p. aeruginosa adapted to the cf lung. isocitrat ... | 2010 | 20093293 |
| attractiveness of botanical infusions to ovipositing culex quinquefasciatus, cx. nigripalpus, and cx. erraticus in san antonio, texas. | field experiments were conducted on the fort sam houston military reservation, san antonio, tx, in fall 2008 to observe the attractiveness of selected botanical infusions to ovipositing female mosquitoes. the following infusions were tested in centers for disease control and prevention gravid traps: bermuda grass (cynodon dactylon), oak leaf (quercus virginiana), acacia leaf (acacia schaffneri), rabbit chow (alfalfa pellets), and algae (spirogyra sp.). four (bermuda, acacia, oak, and algae) of t ... | 2009 | 20099599 |
| effects of nonstructural carbohydrate concentration in alfalfa on fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in continuous culture. | insufficient readily fermentable energy combined with extensive degradation of proteins in alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) may result in poor forage n utilization by ruminants. using the inherent genetic variability and differences between harvests, our objective was to compare the effect of contrasting concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates (nsc) in alfalfa on rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. individual genotypes of the alfalfa cultivar ac caribou grown near québec city, ... | 2010 | 20105540 |
| caulimoviridae tubule-guided transport is dictated by movement protein properties. | plant viruses move through plasmodesmata (pd) either as nucleoprotein complexes (npcs) or as tubule-guided encapsidated particles with the help of movement proteins (mps). to explore how and why mps specialize in one mechanism or the other, we tested the exchangeability of mps encoded by dna and rna virus genomes by means of an engineered alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) system. we show that caulimoviridae (dna genome virus) mps are competent for rna virus particle transport but are unable to mediate ... | 2010 | 20130061 |
| preimaginal development response to constant temperatures in hypera postica (coleoptera: curculionidae): picking the best model. | immature survival and development of alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (gyllenhal) (coleoptera: curculionidae), were examined at 15 constant temperatures ranging from 9 to 37 degrees c. at 9 and 37 degrees c, eggs did not develop. embryos developed to adulthood between 11.5 and 36 degrees c, although survival was low at both ends of the temperature range. distribution of development times for all stages of alfalfa weevil were skewed toward longer times mainly at moderate temperatures. constant prop ... | 2010 | 20146855 |
| degree-day requirements for alfalfa weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) development in eastern nebraska. | the alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (gyllenhal), is a serious, yet sporadic defoliator of alfalfa, medicago sativa l., in nebraska. a 2-yr study was conducted in 2005 and 2006 to test for variation in degree-day requirements by location in eastern nebraska. sampling took place along a latitudinal gradient in three regions of eastern nebraska. three fields were sampled in each region during the 2 yr of the study. alfalfa weevil larval degree-day requirements were found to vary by latitude in easte ... | 2010 | 20146858 |
| dual control of sinorhizobium meliloti rpoe2 sigma factor activity by two phyr-type two-component response regulators. | rpoe2 is an extracytoplasmic function (ecf) sigma factor involved in the general stress response of sinorhizobium meliloti, the nitrogen-fixing symbiont of the legume plant alfalfa. rpoe2 orthologues are widely found among alphaproteobacteria, where they play various roles in stress resistance and/or host colonization. in this paper, we report a genetic and biochemical investigation of the mechanisms of signal transduction leading to s. meliloti rpoe2 activation in response to stress. we showed ... | 2010 | 20154128 |
| using alfalfa leaf meal as a supplement in late-gestation beef heifer and nursing beef calf diets. | two experiments were conducted to investigate using alfalfa leaf meal (alm; 22% cp, dm basis) in beef cattle diets. in exp. 1, a total of 24 late-gestation angus heifers (initial bw 470 +/- 9 kg) were blocked by bw, calving date, and bcs to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. all heifers were offered a basal hay diet (7.4% cp and 67.6% ndf, dm basis). treatments were arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial consisting of cp supplied at 100 or 112.5% of the recommended daily int ... | 2010 | 20154156 |
| effects of diets containing alfalfa hay or barley flour mixed alfalfa silage on feeding behavior, productivity, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in lactating cows. | the effects of barley flour on the fermentation parameters of alfalfa silage and on the productivity of dairy cows were investigated. alfalfa forage was ensiled either with or without barley flour. barley flour was soaked in water for 24 h before being mixed with alfalfa (12 kg: 100 kg dry matter bases) at ensiling. eighteen multi-parous cows were assigned to three equal treatment groups using a completely randomized design. three isocaloric and isonitrogenous total mixed rations containing alfa ... | 2009 | 20163600 |
| effect of different levels of quebracho tannin on nitrogen utilization and growth performance of najdi sheep fed alfalfa (medicago sativa) hay as a sole diet. | a commercial tannin source (quebracho tannin, qt), containing 75% condensed tannins (ct) in dry matter (dm) was used to evaluate the effects of addition of different levels of qt to alfalfa hay on the in vitro degradation kinetics of organic matter (om) and nitrogen (n) in experiment 1 (exp. 1), n utilization and microbial n synthesis (mns) in experiment 2 (exp. 2) and growth performance of growing najdi lambs in experiment 3 (exp. 3). alfalfa hay was treated with qt at the levels of 0, 1, 2 and ... | 2009 | 20163617 |
| the effect of dietary ratios of corn silage and alfalfa hay on carbohydrate digestion and retention time of feed particles in the gastrointestinal tract of steers. | four holstein steers fitted with duodenal cannula were used in a 4 x 4 latin square design to investigate the effect of the combination of corn silage (cs) and alfalfa hay (ah) in different ratios on the ruminal and intestinal digestion of carbohydrates and feed particle passage rate. steers were fed mixed diets containing both cs and ah in ratios of 80:20, 60:40, 40:60 and 20:80 on a dry matter basis at 95% of ad libitum feed intake. the increase of ah proportion in diets increased dry matter i ... | 2009 | 20163619 |
| effects of central administration of glucagon on feed intake and endocrine responses in sheep. | this study was conducted to investigate effects of glucagon intracerebroventricularly administered on feed intake and endocrine changes in sheep. four male sheep (48-55 kg bw) were used. the animals were acclimatized to be fed alfalfa hay cubes at 12.00 hour. human glucagon (40 and 80 microg/0.5 ml) was injected into the lateral ventricle at 12.00 hour. blood samples were taken every 10 min from 30 min before to 180 min after the glucagon injection. soon after the injection, the animals were giv ... | 2009 | 20163659 |
| identification of plant viruses using one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprints. | a generic assay to detect and partially characterize unknown viruses from plants was developed. proteins extracted from virus-infected and uninfected plants were separated in one dimension by sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. differentially expressed protein bands were eluted after trypsin digestion and resulting peptide fragments separated according to their mass by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry. resulting peptide mass fingerprint ... | 2010 | 20170682 |
| variability in in situ ruminal degradation parameters causes imprecision in estimated ruminal digestibility. | the ruminal digestibility of dietary ingredients is frequently estimated with degradation parameters (e.g., rate and extent of degradation). mean degradation parameters (e.g., those in a feed library) are often used, but limited data suggest considerable variation around these means, potentially leading to imprecise digestibility estimates. this experiment quantified degradation parameter variation for forage hays and determined the impact of this variation on the precision of ruminal digestibil ... | 2010 | 20172229 |
| replacement of starch from corn with nonforage fiber from distillers grains and soyhulls in diets of lactating dairy cows. | forty holstein cows were used in a completely randomized design with a 2-wk covariate period followed by a 6-wk experimental period to evaluate incremental substitution of nonforage fiber provided by dried distillers grains with solubles (ddgs) and soyhulls (sh) for starch provided by corn in the diet. diets provided decreasing concentrations of starch: 29% starch with 0% ddgs; 26% starch with 7% ddgs; 23% starch with 14% ddgs; and 20% starch with 21% ddgs. diets contained 27% corn silage, 22% a ... | 2010 | 20172230 |
| effects of spontaneous heating on forage protein fractions and in situ disappearance kinetics of crude protein for alfalfa-orchardgrass hays packaged in large round bales. | during 2006 and 2007, forages from 3 individual hay harvests were used to assess the effects of spontaneous heating on concentrations of crude protein (cp), neutral detergent insoluble cp (ndicp), acid detergent insoluble cp (adicp), and in situ disappearance kinetics of cp and ndicp for large round bales of mixed alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.). over the 3 harvests, 96 large round bales were made at preset bale diameters of 0.9, 1.2, or 1.5m and at moisture ... | 2010 | 20172236 |
| a rapid and robust assay for detection of s-phase cell cycle progression in plant cells and tissues by using ethynyl deoxyuridine. | abstract: | 2010 | 20181034 |
| changes in blood pancreatic polypeptide and ghrelin concentrations in response to feeding in sheep. | the roles of pancreatic polypeptide (pp) have not been determined in ruminant animals. the aim of the present study was to examine the role of pp in the regulation of ghrelin secretion in sheep. two experiments were conducted using four 2-yr-old suffolk wethers fed a maintenance diet of alfalfa hay cubes. in exp. 1, the effects of feeding on blood ghrelin and pp concentrations were examined in scheduled-fed sheep. blood samples were collected every 10 min from 30 min before to 360 min after feed ... | 2010 | 20190166 |
| selection of tannins by sheep in response to gastrointestinal nematode infection. | herbivores learn to select compounds that attenuate the aversive effects of plant secondary metabolites (psm), but can they increase intake of psm they typically avoid when these psm provide medicinal effects? we hypothesized that herbivores learn to increase intake of psm-containing feeds when experiencing a gastrointestinal parasitic infection. ten lambs with natural gastrointestinal parasitic burdens (pb) and 10 nonparasitized lambs (np) were offered a choice of alfalfa (medicago sativa) and ... | 2010 | 20190171 |
| the sinorhizobium meliloti rna chaperone hfq influences central carbon metabolism and the symbiotic interaction with alfalfa. | the bacterial hfq protein is able to interact with diverse rna molecules, including regulatory small non-coding rnas (srnas), and thus it is recognized as a global post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression. loss of hfq has an extensive impact in bacterial physiology which in several animal pathogens influences virulence. sinorhizobium meliloti is a model soil bacterium known for its ability to establish a beneficial nitrogen-fixing intracellular symbiosis with alfalfa. despite the predic ... | 2010 | 20205931 |
| inactivation of salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7 on artificially contaminated alfalfa seeds using high hydrostatic pressure. | alfalfa sprouts contaminated with salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7 have been implicated in several outbreaks of foodborne illnesses in recent years. the seed used for sprouting appears to be the primary source of pathogens. seed decontamination prior to sprouting presents a unique challenge for the sprouting industry since cells of the pathogenic survivors although undetectable after sanitizing treatments, can potentially multiply back to hazardous levels. the focus of this study was to t ... | 2010 | 20227597 |
| analysis of risk factors associated with salmonella spp. isolated from u.s. feedlot cattle. | contamination can occur at a number of stages during farm-to-fork processing. preharvest intervention is an ongoing area of interest in reduction of risk of foodborne illness. this study examined risk factors associated with detection of salmonella from cattle in u.s. feedlots. during two visits to 73 feedlots, 25 fresh fecal samples were collected from each of three pen floors. associations between management and demographic factors and culture status were evaluated using logistic regression. f ... | 2010 | 20230269 |
| isolation and characterization of a harvest-inducible gene hi11 and its promoter from alfalfa. | the harvesting and storing of alfalfa is a routine practice in the agricultural industry worldwide. to investigate gene expression in harvested alfalfa, cdna from non-harvested and harvested plants in the field was subjected to subtractive hybridization to identify, in particular, those genes that are induced by the harvesting treatment. one cdna clone, named hi11, was isolated and analysed. the full length cdna of the hi11 gene was cloned by race amplification. the hi11 gene, which has high hom ... | 2011 | 20238171 |
| the comparative value of a carotene concentrate, alfalfa meal, and a fish liver oil in maintaining the vitamin a content of the blood and liver of fattening lambs. | | 1947 | 20258838 |
| glnb/glnk pii proteins and regulation of the sinorhizobium meliloti rm1021 nitrogen stress response and symbiotic function. | the sinorhizobium meliloti rm1021 delta glnd-sm2 mutant, which is predicted to make a glnd nitrogen sensor protein truncated at its amino terminus, fixes nitrogen in symbiosis with alfalfa, but the plants cannot use this nitrogen for growth (s. n. yurgel and m. l. kahn, proc. natl. acad. sci. u. s. a. 105:18958-18963, 2008). the mutant also has a generalized nitrogen stress response (nsr) defect. these results suggest a connection between glnd, symbiotic metabolism, and the nsr, but the nature o ... | 2010 | 20304991 |
| effect of feed delivery method on the behavior and growth of dairy heifers. | the objective of this study was to determine the effects of feed delivery method on growth, feeding competition, feeding, and sorting behavior of dairy heifers. thirty-two holstein heifers (146.2+/-21.9 d of age) were divided into 8 groups of 4 and exposed to 1 of 2 feed delivery treatments for 13 wk. the treatment rations contained 65% grass/alfalfa haylage and 35% textured concentrate (on a dry matter basis) fed as a 1) total mixed ration (tmr) or 2) top-dressed ration (tdr). group dry matter ... | 2010 | 20338444 |
| the effect of wide swathing on wilting times and nutritive value of alfalfa haylage. | on 3 consecutive cuttings, alfalfa from a single field was mowed with a john deere 946 mower-conditioner (4-m cut width; moline, il) to leave narrow swaths (ns) ranging from 1.2 to 1.52 m wide (30-37% of cutter bar width) and wide swaths (ws) ranging from 2.44 to 2.74 m wide (62-67% of cutter bar width). samples were collected from windrows and dry matter (dm) was monitored during wilting until a target of 43 to 45% dm was obtained. forage from random windrows (n=4-6) was harvested by hand, chop ... | 2010 | 20338457 |
| identification and characterization of the intracellular poly-3-hydroxybutyrate depolymerase enzyme phaz of sinorhizobium meliloti. | s. meliloti forms indeterminate nodules on the roots of its host plant alfalfa (medicago sativa). bacteroids of indeterminate nodules are terminally differentiated and, unlike their non-terminally differentiated counterparts in determinate nodules, do not accumulate large quantities of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) during symbiosis. phaz is in intracellular phb depolymerase; it represents the first enzyme in the degradative arm of the phb cycle in s. meliloti and is the only enzyme in this half o ... | 2010 | 20346169 |
| in vitro digestion of fresh alfalfa under different conditions of ruminal ph. | relatively low ruminal ph values have been frequently registered in dairy cows grazing alfalfa, which can be involved in reducing feed digestion. an in vitro experiment was carried out to study the effect of ruminal ph (6.4, 6.1, 5.8 and 5.5) on the digestion of fresh alfalfa. | 2010 | 20355083 |
| resveratrol from transgenic alfalfa for prevention of aberrant crypt foci in mice. | transgenic alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), which accumulated resveratrol-glucoside (rg), was incorporated into diets and fed to female, 6-wk-old cf-1 mice for 5 wk. mice fed diets containing transgenic alfalfa with supplemented alpha -galactosidase had significantly fewer azoxymethane (aom)-induced aberrant crypt foci (acf) in their colon relative to mice fed the transgenic alfalfa diets without added alpha -galactosidase (p = 0.02). resveratrol-aglycone (rag) was detected in the colon of 100% of ... | 2010 | 20358473 |
| effect of the addition of calcium soap to ewes' diet on fatty acid composition of ewe milk and subcutaneous fat of suckling lambs reared on ewe milk. | the aim of this work was to study the effect of the inclusion of calcium soap (cs) in ewes' diet on the fatty acid profile of suckling lambs. sixty suckling lambs of three breeds (castellana, churra and assaf) were divided into two equal groups. one group was fed with a diet composed of beetroot pulp, alfalfa, barley, corn, soy, cotton and 4% of cs, and the other with a control diet without cs. the fatty acid profiles of the ewe's milk samples collected on the day before slaughter and of the lam ... | 2010 | 20374842 |
| effect of csn1s1 genotype and its interaction with diet energy level on milk production and quality in girgentana goats fed ad libitum. | a study was carried out to evaluate how the energy level of the diet can affect milk production and quality in girgentana lactating goats in relation to polymorphism at the alphas1-casein (csn1s1) genotype locus. twenty-seven goats, homogeneous for milk production (1.5+/-0.3 kg/d), days of lactation (90+/-10 d) and body weight (35.8+/-5.5 kg) were selected on the basis of their csn1s1 genotype, as follows: nine goats homozygous for strong (aa) alleles, nine goats homozygous for weak alleles (ff) ... | 2010 | 20380775 |
| rhizobium tubonense sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of oxytropis glabra. | four rhizobial strains, designated ccbau 85046(t), ccbau 85051, ccbau 85048 and ccbau 85049, isolated from root nodules of oxytropis glabra grown in tibet, china, were previously defined, using amplified 16s rrna gene restriction analysis, as a novel group within the genus rhizobium. to clarify their taxonomic position, these strains were further analysed and compared with reference strains of related bacteria using a polyphasic approach. the 16s rrna gene analysis showed that the four isolates ... | 2011 | 20382797 |
| [soil microbial properties under different vegetation types in loess hilly region]. | by using fumigation-extract (fe) method and biolog ecoplate, this paper investigated the microbial biomass and diversity in 0-20 cm soil layer under five vegetation types, including artificial woodland, shrubland, cropland, abandoned farmland, and natural grassland, in dingxi of gansu province. in the meanwhile, the relationships between soil microbes and soil nutrients were studied by path analysis, and the five typical vegetation types were evaluated from the aspect of soil microbes. relative ... | 2010 | 20387439 |