| pathological relationship of ditylenchus dipsaci and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis on alfalfa. | ditylenchus dipsaci and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis synergistically affected the mortality and plant growth of ranger alfalfa, a cultivar susceptible to stem nematode and fusarium wilt. the nematode-fungus relationship had an additive effect on mortality and plant growth of lahontan (nematode resistant and fusarium wilt susceptible) and of moapa 69 (nematode susceptible and fusarium wilt resistant). mortality rates were 13, 16, 46, and 49% for ranger; 4, 18, 26, and 28% for lahontan; a ... | 1990 | 19287729 |
| interaction among a nematode (heterodera glycines), an insect, and three weeds in soybean. | a 2 x 3 x 4 factorial field experiment was established to determine the interaction among a nematode, an insect, and three weed species on soybean in 1983-86. low (nematicide treated) or high (untreated) population densities of the soybean cyst nematode (scn), heterodera glycines, and 0, 30, or 70% main stem girdling by the threecornered alfalfa hopper (tcah), spissistilus festinus, were combined with no weeds, one common cocklebur (cc), xanthium strumarium, one sicklepod (sp), cassia obtusifoli ... | 1990 | 19287788 |
| [effects of rotation and intercropping on bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil of cucumber]. | by the method of pcr-dgge, this paper studied the effects of rotation with wheat, soybean, villose vetch, clover, and alfalfa and intercropping with onion and garlic on the bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil of cucumber. the results showed that rotation and intercropping with test plants increased the diversity and evenness indices of bacterial communities in cucumber rhizosphere soil, and also, cucumber yield. the sequencing of dgge bands indicated that most of the bands had high homolog ... | 2008 | 19288729 |
| evaluation of cultivars, experimental lines and plant introduction collection of sainfoin for resistance to meloidogyne hapla chitwood. | stands of several cultivars and experimental lines of sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) were severely reduced (92% average loss) in a field naturally infested with meloidogyne hapla. stands of two alfalfa cultivars included in the test were unaffected. in studies conducted in the greenhouse with plants inoculated at the time of seeding, average mortality was 55% for sainfoin entries and 7% for ladak alfalfa. little mortality occurred when plants were inoculated after establishment. three months a ... | 1987 | 19290103 |
| effect of ditylenchus dipsaci and pratylenchus penetrans on verticillium wilt of alfalfa. | verticillium albo-atrum wilt symptoms appeared faster and were significantly more severe in the presence of ditylenchus dipsaci in vernal, a wilt-susceptible cultivar, than in marls kabul, a wilt-resistant cultivar. winter kill in the field was not affected by the nematode during the first winter, but 50% of plants were killed in the second winter. forage yield from nematode-infected plants was significantly reduced the second year. interaction with v. albo-atrum did not significantly reduce for ... | 1987 | 19290158 |
| control of pratylenchus penetrans and meloidogyne hapla and yield response of alfalfa due to oxamyl seed treatments. | alfalfa (medicago sativa l. cv. saranac) seed were soaked for 20 minutes in water, acetone, or methanol containing 10 or 50 mg/ml of oxamyl (vydate l) or coated with a 2% aqueous cellulose solution containing the same amounts of oxamyl. seed were analyzed for oxamyl by hplc immediately after treatment and after 9 and 26 months of storage. oxamyl content of alfalfa seed did not decline after 26 months of storage. the effects of seed treatment on growth of alfalfa and nematode control were examine ... | 1987 | 19290170 |
| effects of aldicarb on nematodes, early season insect pests, and yield of soybean. | the effects of aldicarb on soybean cyst (heterodera glycines) and root-knot (meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria) nematode populations, early season insect pests and soybean (glycine max) yield were evaluated in five field experiments in northern and southern alabama. aldicarb significantly (p = 0.05) reduced nematode populations in only two cases: m. arenaria in centennial soybean in the wiregrass site and m. incognita in bedford soybean in a tennessee valley site. no significant difference ( ... | 1987 | 19290282 |
| transport of the nematicide oxamyl in roots transformed with agrobacterium rhizogenes. | infection of roots transformed with agrobacterium rhizogenes by meloidogyne incognita and heterodera schachtii second-stage juveniles was established in bicompartmental petri dishes. one compartment contained the murashige and skoog agar medium and the nematicide oxamyl, and the other compartment contained water agar. transformed roots of carrot, tomato, alfalfa, cowpea, rape, and sugarbeet were placed in the nutrient compartment and grew over the barrier that divided the petri dishes and into t ... | 1988 | 19290298 |
| host specificity of four populations of pratylenchus brachyurus. | four populations of the lesion nematode pratylenchus brachyurus were tested in a greenhouse on seven selected plant species to determine host suitability and usefulness in identifying physiological races of the nematode. the differential plants were 'florida 77' alfalfa, 'harvester' snap bean, 'rough lemon' citrus, 'pioneer 304c' corn, 'florunner' peanut, 'braxton' soybean, and 'rutgers' tomato. fresh shoot or root weights of plants inoculated with all populations were similar to each other and ... | 1988 | 19290320 |
| differential reaction of alfalfa cultivars to meloidogyne hapla and m. chitwoodi populations. | meloidogyne hapla reproduced and suppressed growth (p < 0.05) of susceptible lahontan and moapa alfalfa at 15, 20, and 25 c. at 30 c, resistant nevada syn xx lost resistance to m. hapla. m. hapla invaded and reproduced on rhizobium meliloti nodules of lahontan and moapa, inducing giant cell formation and structural disorder of vascular bundles of nodules without disrupting bacteroids. at 15, 20, and 25 c a m. chitwoodi population from utah reproduced on lahontan, moapa, and nevada syn xx alfalfa ... | 1986 | 19294189 |
| effect of age of alfalfa root on penetration by pratylenchus penetrans. | penetration by all migratory life stages of pratylenchus penetrans into roots of alfalfa (medicago sativa l. cv. du puits) was inversely proportional to tissue age. two-day-old tissue in the root hair zone was penetrated twice as much as 10- or 20-day-old sections of the tap root. age-related differences were also observed in branch roots; these differences were not affected by increasing the number of nematodes from 1 to 10 per inoculation site, nor by increasing the length of the incubation pe ... | 1982 | 19295681 |
| interactions among selected endoparasitic nematodes and three pseudomonads on alfalfa. | meloidogyne hapla, pratylenchus penetrans, and helicotylenchus dihystera, reduced the growth of 'saranac ar alfalfa seedlings when applied at concentrations of 50 nematodes per plant. all except p. penetrans reduced seedling growth when applied at 25 per seedling. m. hapla reduced growth when applied at 12 per seedling. nematodes interacted with three pseudomonads to produce greater growth reductions than were obtained with single pathogens, suggesting synergistic relationships. ditylenchus dips ... | 1982 | 19295682 |
| suppression of alfalfa growth by concommitant populations of pratylenchus penetrans and two fusarium species. | growth of alfalfa (medicago sativa cv. vernal) seedlings was compared after inoculation with combinations of either pratylenchus penetrans and fusarium soloni or p. penetrans and f. oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis. a synergistic disease interaction occurred in alfalfa when f. oxysporum and p. penetrans were added simultaneously to the soil. alfalfa growth was suppressed at all inoculum levels of p. penetrans and f. oxysporum, but not with f. solani. seedlings inoculated with the nematode alone gave ... | 1982 | 19295722 |
| morphological comparisons between xiphinema rivesi daimasso and x. americanum cobb populations from the eastern united states. | though in the past xiphinema americanum has been the most commonly reported dagger nematode in the eastern united states, our studies revealed the presence in pennsvlvania of a previously unrecognized and unreported species related to x. americanum, morphometric data and photomicrographs establish the identity of this form as x. rivesi and show expected variations in populations of this species from various locations. similar data and illustrations are given for x. americanum populations from pe ... | 1982 | 19295745 |
| effects of phenamiphos, methyl bromide, and fallowing on pratylenchus penetrans, yield of medicago sativa, and fusarium infections. | a field study was made of the effects of a residual nematicide (phenamiphos), a fumigant (methyl bromide), and fallowing on the number of root lesion nematodes (pratylenchus penetrans), forage yields of alfalfa, and the occurrence of fusarium spp. in plant roots and soil. fallowing controlled nematodes initially, but by the end of the second growing season, nematode numbers were as high as in plots which had grown a nematode-susceptible crop. forage yield was greater in fallowed plots only for t ... | 1979 | 19300645 |
| plant-parasitic nematode distributions in an alfalfa field. | a 7-ha alfalfa field (medicago saliva l. cv mesa sirsa) was sampled systematically on a 6 x 6-m grid by removing individual cores (2.54 cm diam) to a depth of 45 cm from each of the 1,936 grid intersections. the soil was mainly coarse-textured with a fine-textured streak running centrally, north to south. nematodes were extracted by a semiautomatic elutriator and sugar flotation-sieving technique. five plant-parasitic species were consistently present: meloidogyne arenaria, pratylenchus minyus, ... | 1980 | 19300685 |
| sample optimization for five plant-parasitic nematodes in an alfalfa field. | a data base representing nematode counts and soil weight from 1,936 individual soil cores taken from a 7-ha alfalfa field was used to investigate sample optimization for five plant-parasitic nematodes: meloidogyne arenaria, pratylenchus minyus, merlinius brevidens, helicotylenchus digonicus, and paratrichodorus minor. sample plans were evaluated by the accuracy and reliability of their estimation of the population and by the cost of collecting, processing, and counting the samples. interactive f ... | 1981 | 19300768 |
| influence of soil temperature and ph on pratylenchus penetrans and p. crenatus in alfalfa and timothy. | numbers of pratylenchus penetrans in alfalfa and timothy, and to a lesser extent p. crenatus in timothy, increased substantially as temperature increased from about l0 c to 30 c. however, p. crenatus in alfalfa decreased in number as temperature increased. mobility of p. crenatus in vertical soil columns decreased as temperature increased from 9.5 c to 28.5 c. raising the soil ph from 5.0 to 6.9 in which alfalfa was grown increased the numbers of p. penetrans and greatly reduced the numbers of p ... | 1981 | 19300772 |
| infectivity of pratylenchus penetrans on alfalfa. | the infectivity of pratylenchus penetrans on alfalfa seedlings cv. du pulls was studied. the dense root-hair zone was the preferred zone of penetration by females, males, and third-stage larvae. a lesion initially appeared as a water-soaked area at the root surface, becoming yellow and elliptical as the nematode entered the cortex, with dark-brown cells later appearing in the centre as the nematode fed. at 20 c, females penetrated roots earlier, faster, and in greater numbers than either males o ... | 1978 | 19305861 |
| nutrient demand interacts with forage family to affect nitrogen digestion and utilization responses in dairy cows. | the effect of preliminary feed intake on responses to diets containing alfalfa silage or orchardgrass silage was evaluated using 8 ruminally and duodenally cannulated holstein cows in a crossover design experiment with a 14-d preliminary period and two 15-d treatment periods. responses measured were intake, digestion, and utilization of n. cows were 139 +/- 83 (mean +/- standard deviation) days in milk at the beginning of the preliminary period. during the 14-d preliminary period, 3.5% fat-corre ... | 2009 | 19307641 |
| increasing physically effective fiber content of dairy cow diets through forage proportion versus forage chop length: chewing and ruminal ph. | a study was conducted to evaluate whether the risk of acidosis in dairy cows can be lowered by increasing the physically effective fiber (pendf) concentration of the diet, either through increased theoretical chop length of alfalfa silage or higher proportion of forage in the diet. the experiment was designed as a replicated 4 x 4 latin square using 8 ruminally cannulated lactating dairy cows. treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design; 2 forage particle lengths (fpl) of alfalfa silage ... | 2009 | 19307642 |
| near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy prediction of neutral detergent-soluble carbohydrates in timothy and alfalfa. | carbohydrates in forage crops can be divided into neutral detergent-insoluble fiber and neutral detergent-soluble carbohydrates (ndsc); the latter includes organic acids (oa), total ethanol:water-soluble carbohydrates (tesc), starch, and neutral detergent-soluble fiber (ndsf). the accurate and efficient estimation of ndsc in forage crops is essential for improving the performance of dairy cattle. in the present study, visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (nirs) were applied to eval ... | 2009 | 19307652 |
| alfalfa pellet-induced subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows increases bacterial endotoxin in the rumen without causing inflammation. | a study was conducted to determine if subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) induced by feeding alfalfa pellets results in increases in free bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) in rumen fluid and peripheral blood, and acute phase proteins in plasma, and to determine the effect of alfalfa pellet-induced sara on feed intake, rumen fermentation characteristics, milk production and composition, and blood metabolites. eight lactating holstein cows, 4 of which were ruminally cannulated, were used in a 6-wk e ... | 2009 | 19307653 |
| effect of a mixture of supplemental dietary plant essential oils on performance of periparturient and early lactation dairy cows. | plant essential plant oils (eo) are volatile aromatic compounds with antimicrobial activity that can alter ruminal fermentation when used as dietary supplements. a feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of periparturient and early lactation dairy cows with a specific mixture of eo. forty multiparous holstein cows were randomly assigned to either control (c) or eo-supplemented (1.2 g/cow per day) total mixed rations (tmr). feeding of treatment diets commen ... | 2009 | 19307655 |
| technical note: effects of forage protein-binding polyphenols on chemistry of dairy excreta. | forage chemistry can affect intake, digestion, milk production, and manure excretion. although information is available on the effects of forage protein-binding polyphenols on small ruminant production and manure excretion, little information is available for dairy cattle. the objective of this study was to compare fecal and urinary n excretion of diets formulated with alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) silage versus condensed tannin-containing birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) or o-quinone-conta ... | 2009 | 19307659 |
| effect of meloidogyne incognita on reproduction of pratylenchus penetrans in red clover and alfalfa. | roots of seedlings of red clover and alfalfa growing on 10(1) hoagland and arnon solution agar were inoculated with various combinations of meloidogyne incognita and pratylenchus penetrans. egg-laying by p. penetrans decreased as the number of nematodes, the ratio of entrant m. incognita to entrant p. penetrans, and the priority of invasion of roots by m. incognita increased. embryogeny and hatching of eggs of p. penetrans, and development of larvae of m. incognita, were not affected. in red clo ... | 1975 | 19308128 |
| feeding, egg-laying, and embryology of the columbia lance nematode, hoplolaimus columbus. | feeding and egg-laying of hoplolaimus columbus were observed on excised alfalfa (cultivar 'dupuits') root cultures in 1.0% nutrient agar. feeding was ectoparasitic on cortical cells in the maturation zone of the root. oocytes were first observed in the anterior ovary of the feeding female 8-9 days after feeding began. globular secretions emanating from the vagina and vulva preceded migration of the posterior-most oocyte of the anterior gonad into the columella. the egg shell was formed within 8 ... | 1975 | 19308148 |
| effects of potassium fertilization and pratylenchus penetrans on yield and potassium content of red clover and alfalfa. | red clover and alfalfa were inoculated with pratylenchus penetrans and grown in an alberry sandy loam soil to which potassium (k) was added at seeding at 0, 41.5, 83, and 166 microg/g. in one experiment with alfalfa, additional k was added after each forage cut to replace that which was removed. nematode populations were not consistently affected by k fertilization. nematode infection stunted red clover and alfalfa and resulted in lower yields at all k levels, except for alfalfa at the lowest k ... | 1976 | 19308208 |
| morphological variation in pratylenchus penetrans. | variability of morphological characters used to separate pratylenchus penetrans from other species of the genus was studied in a population originating from a single gravid female. pronounced heteromorphism was observed and characterized. about 30% of females had a crenate-tail terminus. several shapes of stylet knobs were characterized; 50% of them were anteriorly flattened to indented. the outer margin of the cephalic framework extended into the body from one-half to two annules. the shape of ... | 1976 | 19308221 |
| analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity during germination of alfalfa under salt and drought stresses. | to understand the adaptability of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) to environmental stresses, we analyzed the activity of several antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pod), ascorbate peroxidase (apx), and catalase (cat), in alfalfa shoots and roots subjected to salt and drought stresses during germination. the germination rate of six alfalfa cultivars was comparatively studied under 200 mm nacl or 35% peg treatment. alfalfa xinmu no. 1 and northstar varieties were s ... | 2009 | 19318268 |
| effects of temperature and inoculation timing on the meloidogyne hapla/corynebacterium insidiosum complex in alfalfa. | | 1972 | 19319247 |
| infection of seedlings of alfalfa and red clover by concomitant populations of meloidogyne incognita and pratylenchus penetrans. | invasion of 2-day-old seedlings of 'buffalo' alfalfa and 'kenland' red clover by larvae of m. incognita and adults of p. penetrans, during 1-3 day periods of incubation at 24 c, was investigated in 50-mm petri dishes on 1% agar. penetration by both nematodes increased arithmetically with increased numbers in inocula. p. penetrans invaded alfalfa more readily than red cover, but m. incognita invaded red clover more readily than alfalfa. both nematodes inhibited root-elongation of alfalfa more tha ... | 1972 | 19319281 |
| effects of soil ph on reproduction of pratylenchus penetrans and forage yield of alfalfa. | 'vernal' alfalfa was grown for 30 weeks in nematode-free soil and in soil infested with pratylenchus penetrans. charlottetown fine sandy loam soil was used at its ph of 4.4 and at adjusted reactions of 5.2, 6.4 and 7.3. nematode reproduction was significantly greater at pit 5.2 and 6.4 and was not related to alfalfa root production over the full ph range studied. a significant nematode infestation x soil pit interaction on forage yield was recorded. nematode infestation significantly decreased f ... | 1972 | 19319283 |
| extraction of eggs of pratylenchus penetrans from alfalfa callus and relationship between age of culture and yield of eggs. | | 1973 | 19319305 |
| influence of concomitant pratylenchus brachyurus and meloidogyne spp. on root penetration and population dynamics. | populations of pratylenchus brachyurus on cotton were increased significantly in the presence of either meloidogyne incognita or m. arenaria.this occurred with either simultaneous inoculation or prior invasion by m. incognita. p. brachyurus penetrated cotton roots previously invaded by, or simultaneously inoculated with, m. incognita, as well as, or better than, in the absence of m. incognita. prior invasion by m. incognita, however, suppressed p. brachyurus populations on tomato, while it had n ... | 1973 | 19319334 |
| penetration of alfalfa roots by different stages of pratylenchus penetrans (cobb). | | 1970 | 19322310 |
| a comparison of alternative plant mixes for conservation bio-control by native beneficial arthropods in vegetable cropping systems in queensland australia. | cucurbit crops host a range of serious sap-sucking insect pests, including silverleaf whitefly (slw) and aphids, which potentially represent considerable risk to the australian horticulture industry. these pests are extremely polyphagous with a wide host range. chemical control is made difficult due to resistance and pollution, and other side-effects are associated with insecticide use. consequently, there is much interest in maximising the role of biological control in the management of these s ... | 2010 | 19323854 |
| thermotactic response of some plant parasitic nematodes. | attraction of ditylenchus dipsaci and pratylenchus penetrans to a temperature gradient was tested. heating wires, infrared radiations and germinating alfalfa seeds were used to create a temperature gradient as small as 0.033 c/cm in agar. p. penetrans, d. dipsaci, and tylenchorhynchus claytoni responded to a temperature gradient of 0.033 c over a 4-cm distance from the heat source. trichodorus christiei and xiphinema arnericanum showed no response. individuals of p. penetrans oriented their head ... | 1969 | 19325653 |
| population dynamics of plant nematodes in cultivated soil: effect of sod-based rotations in cecil sandy loam. | in a 6-year study of four nematode species in sod-based corn (zea mays) rotations, population densities varied with different cropping systems. continuous corn, with or without a winter rye (secale cereale) or vetch (vicia villosa) cover, favored an increase of pratylenchus zeae and suppressed trichodorus christiei, helicotylenchus dihystera, and xiphinema americanum. a four-year sod-based rotation (3 years sod, 1 year corn) of 'coastal' bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon) and fescue (festuca arundi ... | 1969 | 19325691 |
| technical note: bacterial diversity and fermentation end products in rumen fluid samples collected via oral lavage or rumen cannula. | a study was conducted to determine if sampling rumen contents via a ruminal cannula or oral lavage tube would yield similar denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of the bacterial community. two species of ruminally cannulated animals were used for this study (cattle, n = 2; sheep, n = 3). all animals were allowed ad libitum access to feed. cattle were fed baled unprocessed sorghum-sudan hay (12% cp, 68% ndf; dm basis), whereas sheep were maintained on chopped alfalfa (18% cp, 40% ndf; ... | 2009 | 19329475 |
| factors affecting the efficacy of pressure inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 on alfalfa seeds and seed viability. | the application of high hydrostatic pressure technology as a seed decontamination technology was evaluated. alfalfa seeds inoculated with approximately 10(5) cfu/g of escherichia coli o157:h7 were subjected to oscillatory pressure treatments at 600 mpa and 20 degrees c for up to five cycles with a holding time of 2 min/cycle. however, oscillatory pressurization was not able to eliminate e. coli o157:h7. the application of pressure treatment at 600 mpa for 2 min at 20 degrees c in the presence of ... | 2009 | 19339075 |
| combination treatments for killing escherichia coli o157:h7 on alfalfa, radish, broccoli, and mung bean seeds. | in this study, the effectiveness of prolonged dry-heat treatment (50 degrees c) alone or in combination with chemical treatments (1% oxalic acid, 0.03% phytic acid, 50% ethanol, electrolyzed acidic water, and electrolyzed alkaline water) in eliminating escherichia coli o157:h7 on laboratory-inoculated alfalfa, radish, broccoli, and mung bean seeds was compared with that of dry-heat treatment in combination with irradiation treatment. dry-heat treatment for 17 or 24 h alone could reduce e. coli o ... | 2009 | 19343955 |
| dietary sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprouts reduce colonization and attenuate gastritis in helicobacter pylori-infected mice and humans. | the isothiocyanate sulforaphane [sf; 1-isothiocyanato-4(r)-methylsulfinylbutane] is abundant in broccoli sprouts in the form of its glucosinolate precursor (glucoraphanin). sf is powerfully bactericidal against helicobacter pylori infections, which are strongly associated with the worldwide pandemic of gastric cancer. oral treatment with sf-rich broccoli sprouts of c57bl/6 female mice infected with h. pylori sydney strain 1 and maintained on a high-salt (7.5% nacl) diet reduced gastric bacterial ... | 2009 | 19349290 |
| the use of flagella and motility for plant colonization and fitness by different strains of the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes. | the role of flagella and motility in the attachment of the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes to various surfaces is mixed with some systems requiring flagella for an interaction and others needing only motility for cells to get to the surface. in nature this bacterium is a saprophyte and contaminated produce is an avenue for infection. previous studies have documented the ability of this organism to attach to and colonize plant tissue. motility mutants were generated in three wild type s ... | 2009 | 19357783 |
| influence of corn hybrid and processing method on nutrient digestibility, finishing performance, and carcass characteristics. | a finishing trial and a digestion trial were conducted to evaluate the effects of corn hybrid and processing method on nutrient digestibility, finishing performance, and carcass characteristics. a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement of treatments was used for both trials. factors included 2 processing methods, dry-rolled (drc) or high-moisture (hmc), and 5 commercially available corn hybrids. the finishing trial (exp. 1) utilized 475 yearling steers (379 +/- 15 kg initial bw), stratified by bw into 2 bl ... | 2009 | 19359508 |
| optimizing use of distillers grains in finishing diets containing steam-flaked corn. | two hundred ninety-nine crossbred yearling steers (363 +/- 15 kg initial bw) were fed for an average of 114 d in a finishing study comparing 7 diets in which steam-flaked corn was used as the principal energy source. forty-nine pens were used in this study with 7 bw blocks, 7 pens per treatment, and 5 to 7 steers per pen. a control diet with no distillers grains with solubles (dgs) was compared with 6 diets containing 15% dgs (dm basis). the diets contained wet sorghum dgs with 0 or 6% alfalfa h ... | 2009 | 19359511 |
| determination of thermal properties of composting bulking materials. | thermal properties of compost bulking materials affect temperature and biodegradation during the composting process. well determined thermal properties of compost feedstocks will therefore contribute to practical thermodynamic approaches. thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and volumetric heat capacity of 12 compost bulking materials were determined in this study. thermal properties were determined at varying bulk densities (1, 1.3, 1.7, 2.5, and 5 times uncompacted bulk density), particl ... | 2009 | 19362828 |
| the lap1 myb transcription factor orchestrates anthocyanidin biosynthesis and glycosylation in medicago. | myb transcription factors help to control anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants, and ectopic expression of the arabidopsis production of anthocyanin pigment 1 (pap1) transcription factor activates the anthocyanin pathway in tobacco, suggesting the general utility of such factors for metabolic engineering of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-derived compounds such as proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins). however, pap1 does not activate anthocyanin biosynthesis in the model legume medicago truncatula or ... | 2009 | 19368693 |
| population abundance of frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) and natural enemies on plant hosts in central chile. | populations of the invasive frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) are serious pests of agricultural crops in the aconcagua valley of central chile. an extensive survey was conducted of 55 plant species in 24 families to identify plant hosts of f. occidentalis and to determine its relative abundance on each host during each season. a more intensive study was conducted on selected plant species serving as reproductive hosts to determine the population dynamics of f. occidentalis and to evaluate th ... | 2009 | 19389281 |
| resource heterogeneity and foraging behaviour of cattle across spatial scales. | understanding the mechanisms that influence grazing selectivity in patchy environments is vital to promote sustainable production and conservation of cultivated and natural grasslands. to better understand how patch size and spatial dynamics influence selectivity in cattle, we examined grazing selectivity under 9 different treatments by offering alfalfa and fescue in patches of 3 sizes spaced with 1, 4, and 8 m between patches along an alley. we hypothesized that (1) selectivity is driven by pre ... | 2009 | 19393094 |
| role of quorum sensing in sinorhizobium meliloti-alfalfa symbiosis. | the expr/sin quorum-sensing system of the gram-negative soil bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti plays an important role in the establishment of symbiosis with its host plant medicago sativa. a mutant unable to produce autoinducer signal molecules (sini) is deficient in its ability to invade the host, but paradoxically, a strain lacking the quorum-sensing transcriptional regulator expr is as efficient as the wild type. we compared the whole-genome expression profile of the wild-type strain with str ... | 2009 | 19395488 |
| membrane estrogen receptor-alpha-mediated nongenomic actions of phytoestrogens in gh3/b6/f10 pituitary tumor cells. | abstract: | 2009 | 19400946 |
| [experimental tolerance to boron of the plant species nicotiana glauca, jacaranda mimosifolia, tecoma stans, medicago sativa y spinacea oleracea in argentina]. | the activity of boron industries is a punctual and diffuse source of air, soil and water pollution. therefore, it is a priority to study possible ways of reducing this impact. a relatively new technology for reducing soil pollution is phytoremediation, which uses plants and associate microorganisms. the first step in phytoremediation is to detect tolerant plant species, which is the objective of this work. a laboratory experiment to assess the germination, survival and growth of different specie ... | 2008 | 19419027 |
| the sinorhizobium meliloti lpxxl and acpxl proteins play important roles in bacteroid development within alfalfa. | free-living sinorhizobium meliloti lpxxl and acpxl mutants lack lipid a very-long-chain fatty acids (vlcfas) and have reduced competitiveness in alfalfa. we demonstrate that lpxxl and acpxl play important but distinct roles in bacteroid development and that lpxxl is essential for the modification of s. meliloti bacteroid lipid a with vlcfas. | 2009 | 19429615 |
| fibrolytic capabilities of ruminal bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes in relation to its phylogenetic grouping. | to characterize the fibrolytic function of fibrobacter succinogenes strains in relation to their phylogenetic grouping, 32 strains were newly isolated from the rumen of sheep. all new strains were classified into phylogenetic groups 1 or 2 including a novel subgroup of group 2. importantly, the majority of the strains belonging to group 1 were isolated from ruminally incubated hay. although almost complete degradation of avicel was observed among all strains, significantly lower digestibility of ... | 2009 | 19431237 |
| engineering of plant-specific phenylpropanoids biosynthesis in streptomyces venezuelae. | phenylpropanoids, including flavonoids and stilbenes, are plant secondary metabolites with potential pharmacological and nutraceutical properties. to expand the applicability of streptomyces venezuelae as a heterologous host to plant polyketide production, flavonoid and stilbene biosynthetic genes were expressed in an engineered strain of s. venezuelae dhs2001 bearing a deletion of native pikromycin polyketide synthase gene. a plasmid expressing the 4-coumarate/cinnamate:coenzyme a ligase from s ... | 2009 | 19433224 |
| reprint of the herbal alternatives for menopause (halt) study: background and study design. | we designed a randomized double-blind randomized trial to examine the short and long-term effects of alternative approaches commonly used to manage menopause symptoms. women were randomly assigned to: (1) black cohosh 160 mg daily; (2) multibotanical (50 mg black cohosh, alfalfa, chaste tree, dong quai, false unicorn, licorice, oats, pomegranate, siberian ginseng, boron) four capsules daily; (3) multibotanical plus telephone counseling to increase dietary soy; (4) conjugated equine estrogen 0.62 ... | 2008 | 19434890 |
| microbiological examination of vegetable seed sprouts in korea. | sprouted vegetable seeds used as food have been implicated as sources of outbreaks of salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7 infections. we profiled the microbiological quality of sprouts and seeds sold at retail shops in seoul, korea. ninety samples of radish sprouts and mixed sprouts purchased at department stores, supermarkets, and traditional markets and 96 samples of radish, alfalfa, and turnip seeds purchased from online stores were analyzed to determine the number of total aerobic bacter ... | 2009 | 19435238 |
| outbreak of salmonella serotype saintpaul infections associated with eating alfalfa sprouts - united states, 2009. | on february 24, 2009, the nebraska department of health and human services identified six isolates of salmonella serotype saintpaul with collection dates from february 7--14. salmonella saintpaul is not a commonly detected serotype; during 2008, only three salmonella saintpaul isolates were identified in nebraska. this report summarizes the preliminary results of the investigation of this outbreak, which has identified 228 cases in 13 states and implicated the source as alfalfa sprouts produced ... | 2009 | 19444155 |
| effect of dietary protein concentration and degradability on response to rumen-protected methionine in lactating dairy cows. | an incomplete 8 x 8 latin square trial (4-wk periods; 12 wk total) using 32 multiparous and 16 primiparous holstein cows was conducted to assess the production response to crude protein (cp), digestible rumen-undegraded protein (rup), and rumen-protected met (rpm; fed as mepron; degussa corp., kennesaw, ga). diets contained [dry matter (dm) basis] 21% alfalfa silage, 34% corn silage, 22 to 26% high-moisture corn, 10 to 14% soybean meal, 4% soyhulls, 2% added fat, 1.3% minerals and vitamins, and ... | 2009 | 19448006 |
| effect of source of rumen-degraded protein on production and ruminal metabolism in lactating dairy cows. | twenty-eight (8 with ruminal cannulas) lactating holstein cows were assigned to seven 4 x 4 latin squares in a 16-wk trial to study the effects on production and ruminal metabolism of feeding differing proportions of rumen-degraded protein (rdp) from soybean meal and urea. diets contained [dry matter (dm) basis] 40% corn silage, 15% alfalfa silage, 28 to 30% high-moisture corn, plus varying levels of ground dry shelled corn, solvent- and lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal, and urea. proportions ... | 2009 | 19448016 |
| effects of bale moisture and bale diameter on spontaneous heating, dry matter recovery, in vitro true digestibility, and in situ disappearance kinetics of alfalfa-orchardgrass hays. | alfalfa (medicago sativa l.)-orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) hay was made in 96 large-round bales over 3 harvests during 2006 and 2007 to assess the effects of spontaneous heating on dry matter (dm) recovery, in vitro true digestibility (ivtd), and in situ disappearance kinetics of dm. throughout these harvests, bales were made at preset diameters of 0.9, 1.2, or 1.5 m and at moisture concentrations ranging from 9.3 to 46.6%. internal bale temperatures were monitored daily during an outdoor ... | 2009 | 19448019 |
| effects of spontaneous heating on fiber composition, fiber digestibility, and in situ disappearance kinetics of neutral detergent fiber for alfalfa-orchardgrass hays. | during 2006 and 2007, forages from 3 individual hay harvests were utilized to assess the effects of spontaneous heating on concentrations of fiber components, 48-h neutral detergent fiber (ndf) digestibility (ndfd), and in situ disappearance kinetics of ndf for large-round bales of mixed alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.). over the 3 harvests, 96 large-round bales were made at preset bale diameters of 0.9, 1.2, or 1.5 m, and at moisture concentrations ranging f ... | 2009 | 19448020 |
| reproductive performance of heifers offered ad libitum or restricted access to feed for a one hundred forty-day period after weaning. | reproductive performance was evaluated in composite heifers born over a 3-yr period that were randomly assigned to control (fed to appetite; n = 205) or restricted (fed at 80% of that consumed by controls adjusted to a common bw basis; n = 192) feeding for a 140-d period, beginning about 2 mo after weaning at 6 mo of age and ending at about 12.5 mo of age. heifers were fed a diet of 67% corn silage, 18% alfalfa, and 9% of a protein-mineral supplement (dm basis). restricted heifers consumed 27% l ... | 2009 | 19465497 |
| microbial protein synthesis, ruminal digestion, microbial populations, and nitrogen balance in sheep fed diets varying in forage-to-concentrate ratio and type of forage. | six ruminally and duodenally cannulated sheep were used in a partially replicated 4 x 4 latin square to evaluate the effects of 4 diets on microbial synthesis, microbial populations, and ruminal digestion. the experimental diets had forage to concentrate ratios (f:c; dm basis) of 70:30 (hf) or 30:70 (hc) with alfalfa hay (a) or grass hay (g) as forage and were designated as hfa, hca, hfg, and hcg. the concentrate was based on barley, gluten feed, wheat middlings, soybean meal, palmkern meal, whe ... | 2009 | 19465498 |
| calibration possibilities and modifier use in etv icp oes determination of trace and minor elements in plant materials. | the possibilities for universal calibration based on multi-element aqueous standard solutions and graphite laboratory reference materials (graphite standards) for the electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric (etv icp oes) determination of al, b, ba, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, mn, ni, p, pb, s, sr, ti, v, and zn in plant materials were investigated. a commercially available state-of-the-art etv device was coupled with an echelle icp spectrometer equipped with ... | 2009 | 19468719 |
| ensifer meliloti bv. lancerottense establishes nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with lotus endemic to the canary islands and shows distinctive symbiotic genotypes and host range. | eleven strains were isolated from root nodules of lotus endemic to the canary islands and they belonged to the genus ensifer, a genus never previously described as a symbiont of lotus. according to their 16s rrna and atpd gene sequences, two isolates represented minority genotypes that could belong to previously undescribed ensifer species, but most of the isolates were classified within the species ensifer meliloti. these isolates nodulated lotus lancerottensis, lotus corniculatus and lotus jap ... | 2009 | 19477097 |
| acidified sodium chlorite as an alternative to chlorine for elimination of salmonella on alfalfa seeds. | the health and environmental hazard associated with the use of chlorine for food processing has been documented previously. this study was conducted to determine if acidified sodium chlorite (asc) could be used to replace calcium hypochlorite (ca[ocl](2)) for disinfection of alfalfa seeds. contaminated seeds containing approximately 1.5 x 10(7) cfu/g of salmonella were treated with asc or ca(ocl)(2) at different concentrations and for different periods of time. results showed that the efficacy o ... | 2009 | 19490333 |
| flow-through imaging cytometry for characterization of salmonella subpopulations in alfalfa sprouts, a complex food system. | we recently developed an approach combining fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) and flow cytometry for detecting low levels of salmonella spp. (approximately 10(3) cells/ml sprout wash) against high levels of naturally occurring sprout flora (approximately 10(7)-10(8) cfu/g sprouts). although this "fish and flow" approach provided rapid presence/absence testing for salmonella in this complex food system, it was not capable of more nuanced tasks, such as probing the phenotypic complexity of ... | 2009 | 19492327 |
| evidence for variation in the optimal translation initiation complex: plant eif4b, eif4f, and eif(iso)4f differentially promote translation of mrnas. | eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) 4b is known to interact with multiple initiation factors, mrna, rrna, and poly(a) binding protein (pabp). to gain a better understanding of the function of eif4b, the two isoforms from arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) were expressed and analyzed using biophysical and biochemical methods. plant eif4b was found by ultracentrifugation and light scattering analysis to most likely be a monomer with an extended structure. an extended structure would facilitate the ... | 2009 | 19493973 |
| effect of an isoflavones-containing red clover preparation and alkaline supplementation on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. | the aim of this study was to test the combined effect of a quality-controlled red clover extract (rce) standardized to contain 40% isoflavones by weight (genistein, daidzein, biochanin a, and formononetin present as hydrolyzed aglycones) together with a modified alkaline supplementation on bone metabolic and biomechanical parameters in an experimental model of surgically-induced menopause. sprague-dawley female rats were maintained under controlled standard conditions of light and fed with conve ... | 2009 | 19503771 |
| detection of yersinia enterocolitica in alfalfa, mung bean, cilantro, and mamey sapote (pouteria sapota) food matrices using dna microarray chip hybridization. | four different food matrices (alfalfa, cilantro, mamey sapote, and mung bean) were contaminated with three different dilutions 10(6), 10(4), and 10(3) cfu/g of yersinia enterocolitica. dna was isolated from each food mix and used in chromosomal amplifications. the amplified dna was used as templates in single pcr reactions of the four genes (virf, ail, yst, and blaa) followed by mixing the four reactions for one pcr primer extension reaction. the presence and the limit of detection of four genes ... | 2009 | 19504157 |
| enod40 gene expression and cytokinin responses in the nonnodulating, nonmycorrhizal (nodmyc) mutant, masym3, of melilotus alba desr. | several nonnodulating, nonmycorrhizal (nod(-)myc(-)) mutants of melilotus alba desr. (white sweetclover) have been described. however, the details of their responses to sinorhizobium meliloti have not been fully elucidated. we investigated rhizobial entry and colonization using confocal scanning laser microscopy on the masym1-5 mutants and isolated an early nodulin (enod40) gene from wild-type m. alba. we focused on masym3, the least responsive of the mutants to s. meliloti and va-fungi, to dete ... | 2007 | 19516966 |
| genetic characterization of oligopeptide uptake systems in sinorhizobium meliloti. | the genetic characterization of three abc transport systems involved in oligopeptide uptake by sinorhizobium meliloti is reported. oligopeptide permease (opp) encoded by the psymb oppabcd operon, is required for uptake of tetrapeptides and certain tripeptides like 3ala and bialaphos. the chromosomally encoded dipeptide permease (dpp1), also able to import the toxic tripeptide bialaphos, is required for utilization of dipeptides and tripeptides like 3gly and glyglyala, with minor importance for u ... | 2009 | 19522956 |
| a novel red clover hydroxycinnamoyl transferase has enzymatic activities consistent with a role in phaselic acid biosynthesis. | red clover (trifolium pratense) leaves accumulate several mumol g(-1) fresh weight of phaselic acid [2-o-(caffeoyl)-l-malate]. postharvest oxidation of such o-diphenols to o-quinones by endogenous polyphenol oxidases prevents breakdown of forage protein during storage. forage crops like alfalfa (medicago sativa) lack both polyphenol oxidase and o-diphenols, and breakdown of their protein upon harvest and storage results in economic losses and release of excess nitrogen into the environment. unde ... | 2009 | 19525325 |
| identification of specific and universal virulence factors in burkholderia cenocepacia strains by using multiple infection hosts. | over the past few decades, strains of the burkholderia cepacia complex have emerged as important pathogens for patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. identification of virulence factors and assessment of the pathogenic potential of burkholderia strains have increased the need for appropriate infection models. in previous studies, different infection hosts, including mammals, nematodes, insects, and plants, have been used. at present, however, the extent to which the virulence factors required ... | 2009 | 19528212 |
| effects of dietary forage level and monensin on lactation performance, digestibility and fecal excretion of nutrients, and efficiency of feed nitrogen utilization of holstein dairy cows. | two experiments (exp. 1 and 2) were conducted using a 4 x 4 latin square design with 2 replications (n = 8) to evaluate effects of feeding holstein dairy cows a total mixed ration containing 50 or 60% of ration dry matter (dm) from forages with or without supplementation of monensin. in exp. 1, alfalfa silage (as) was used as the major forage (55% forage dm), and corn silage (cs; 45% forage dm) was used to make up the rest of the forage portion of diets (55as:45cs). in exp. 2, cs was used as the ... | 2009 | 19528598 |
| a meta-analysis of the effects of dietary protein concentration and degradability on milk protein yield and milk n efficiency in dairy cows. | data sets from north american (na, 739 diets) and north european (ne, 998 diets) feeding trials with dairy cows were evaluated to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (cp) intake and ruminal degradability on milk protein yield (mpy) and efficiency of n utilization for milk protein synthesis (mne; milk n / n intake) in dairy cows. the na diets were based on corn silage, alfalfa silage and hay, corn and barley grains, and soybean meal. the ne diets were based on grass silage, barley an ... | 2009 | 19528599 |
| differences in splanchnic metabolism between late gestation and early lactation dairy cows. | in the transition from the pre- to postcalving state, the demands on the cow increase from support of gestation to high rates of milk production. this extra demand is met partly by increased intake but may also involve altered metabolism of major nutrients. six multiparous holstein cows were used to monitor changes in net fluxes of nutrients across the portal-drained viscera and liver (splanchnic tissues) between late gestation and early lactation. blood samples were obtained simultaneously from ... | 2009 | 19528600 |
| effects of sodium sesquicarbonate on dry matter intake and production of milk and milk components by holstein cows. | forty-six multiparous holstein cows were used to investigate the effects of sodium sesquicarbonate on dry matter intake, body weight, and production and composition of milk during a 308-d lactation. diets contained alfalfa silage, corn silage, and concentrate. composition of diets was changed twice during the 308-d lactation experiment. diets fed during d 1 to 175 and d 176 to 245 were formulated to contain more rumen-undegradable protein and fat, and less forage than that fed during d 246 to 30 ... | 2009 | 19528612 |
| effects of stage of lactation and dietary forage level on body composition of alpine dairy goats. | multiparous alpine does (42) were used to determine how stage of lactation and dietary forage level affect body composition. the feeding and body composition portion of the study had a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. eighteen does were fed a 40% forage diet (40f) and 18 received a diet with 60% forage (60f) for approximately 2, 4, or 6 mo of lactation (59 +/- 1.3, 116 +/- 1.0, and 184 +/- 1.4 d, respectively), followed by determination of body composition (6 does per diet at each time ... | 2009 | 19528614 |
| comparison of full-fat corn germ, whole cottonseed, and tallow as fat sources for lactating dairy cattle. | twenty-four multiparous holstein cows (124 +/- 39 d in milk; 682 +/- 72 kg of body weight) were used in 6 simultaneous 4 x 4 latin squares to evaluate full-fat corn germ as a fat source for lactating dairy cows. experimental diets were a control (containing 28% ground corn, 23% alfalfa hay, 19% wet corn gluten feed, and 10% corn silage, dry matter basis), and 3 diets with either whole cottonseed (wcs), tallow (tal), or full-fat corn germ (ffcg) added to provide 1.6% supplemental fat. cows were f ... | 2009 | 19528615 |
| effects of alfalfa hay inclusion rate on productivity of lactating dairy cattle fed wet corn gluten feed-based diets. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying the alfalfa inclusion rate in diets containing 31% (dry matter basis) wet corn gluten feed (sweet bran, cargill inc.). eighty primiparous and multiparous holstein cows averaging 178 +/- 90 d in milk (mean +/- sd) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 sequences in a 4 x 4 latin square design with 28-d periods. treatments were diets containing 0, 7, 14, or 21% alfalfa on a dry matter basis, with corn silage, corn grain, soybean meal, expell ... | 2009 | 19528629 |
| [increased efficiency of recombinant proteins production in plants due to optimized translation of rna of viral vector]. | one of the most efficient methods for fast and efficient production of the target proteins in plants is based on the use of self-replicating recombinant viral vectors. we constructed phytoviral vector based on the genome of potato x virus containing the sequence of 5'-untranslated region of rna 4 of alfalfa mosaic virus immediately upstream of the target gene. we demonstrated that incorporation of this sequence into the viral vector results in 3-4 fold elevation of the level of production of the ... | 2009 | 19548543 |
| screening of genes induced by salt stress from alfalfa. | an alfalfa cdna library induced by salt stress was constructed by suppression subtraction hybridization (ssh) technology. total rna from 10-day-old seedlings was used as a "driver," and total rna from seedlings induced by salt was used as a "tester". one hundred and nineteen clones identified as positive clones by reverse northern dot-blotting resulted in 82 uni-ests comprised of 16 contigs and 66 singletons. blast analysis of deduced protein sequences revealed that 51 ests had identity similar ... | 2010 | 19572213 |
| risk of subacute ruminal acidosis in sheep with separate access to forage and concentrate. | this study aimed to investigate whether sheep offered free-choice intake of forage and concentrate develop subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) and to identify sara-associated feeding behavior components. in a crossover design over two 28-d periods, 11 rumen-cannulated wethers received wheat and alfalfa hay in 2 separate compartments. concentrate and forage were provided for ad libitum access or in a fixed amount corresponding to 80% of ad libitum hay intake with a concentrate:forage ratio of 60:40 ... | 2009 | 19574575 |
| predicting milk and forage intake of nursing calves. | a theoretical model was developed to predict forage intake of nursing calves based on peak milk level (pml) and bw using data from 39 holstein steer calves individually fed for 200 d with milk replacer reconstituted to equal the fat and protein contents of beef cow milk. treatment levels were amounts of reconstituted milk allowed per day based on lactation curves, which were based on pml of 2.72, 5.44, 8.16, 10.88, and 13.6 kg/d, respectively. chopped alfalfa hay was offered for ad libitum intak ... | 2009 | 19574576 |
| characterization of mundticin l, a class iia anti-listeria bacteriocin from enterococcus mundtii cugf08. | enterococcus mundtii cugf08, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from alfalfa sprouts, was found to produce mundticin l, a new class iia bacteriocin that has a high level of inhibitory activity against the genus listeria. the plasmid-associated operons containing genes for the mundticin l precursor, the atp binding cassette (abc) transporter, and immunity were cloned and sequenced. the fifth residue of the conservative consensus sequence ygngx in the mature bacteriocin is leucine instead of valine ... | 2009 | 19581470 |
| effect of foliar feeding on nitrogen assimilation in alfalfa plants at insufficient molybdenum supply. | the influence of foliar feeding on the nitrogen assimilation in alfalfa plants under conditions of mo shortage was studied. it was established that foliar fertilization with 0.3% solution of agroleaf(r) resulted in increase of nitrogen fixation and nitrogen assimilation in the absence of mo. insufficient molybdenum supply leads to significant reduction of plant mo content and nitrogen-fixing activity, while stress induced amino acids as alanine, gaba, threonine, proline and serine increased repe ... | 2009 | 19584030 |
| ethyl acetate extracts of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) sprouts inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. | this study aimed to investigate if food components that exert anti-inflammatory effects may be used for inflammatory disorders by examining alfalfa sprout ethyl acetate extract (asea). the cytokine profile and life span of balb/c mice with acute inflammation after intra-peritoneal (ip) injection of 15 mg/kg bw lipopolysaccharide (lps) were determined. the results showed that the life span of lps-induced inflammatory mice were negatively correlated with serum levels of tnf-alpha, il-6, and il-1be ... | 2009 | 19594948 |
| fatty acid metabolism and deposition in subcutaneous adipose tissue of pasture- and feedlot-finished cattle. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of pasture finishing versus feedlot finishing, over time, on fatty acid metabolism in angus crossbred steers (n = 24). ruminal fluid, serum, and adipose tissue biopsies were obtained on d 0, 28, 84, and 140. pasture forages and diet ingredient samples were obtained at 14-d intervals to determine nutritive value and fatty acid composition. the feedlot diet consisted of corn silage, cracked corn grain, soybean meal, and a vitamin and mineral supp ... | 2009 | 19617512 |
| an alternative method to assess 24-h ruminal in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility. | interassay error caused by the inconsistent nature of rumen fluid inoculum confounds comparisons of forage in vitro neutral detergent fiber (ndf) digestibility (ndfd) analyzed in different repetitions or laboratories. our objective was to determine if priming rumen fluid and allowing it to produce a standard amount of gas before inoculating samples improved assay repeatability. in 2 experiments, we compared interassay error of ndfd estimates between several in vitro assays. in both experiments, ... | 2009 | 19620667 |
| modification of a rumen fluid priming technique for measuring in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility. | recently, we developed an alternate method to measure in vitro neutral detergent fiber (ndf) digestibility (ivndfd) based on a primed rumen fluid inoculum. pretreating rumen fluid inoculum with cellulose and holding the inoculum until it generated 0.3 ml of gas/ml of rumen fluid before inoculating forage samples improved ivndfd assay repeatability but depressed ivndfd means. our objective in this study was to determine if pretreating rumen fluid with a mixture of carbohydrates and urea would aff ... | 2009 | 19620668 |
| effects of dilution rate and retention time of concentrate on efficiency of microbial growth, methane production, and ruminal fermentation in rusitec fermenters. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 dilution rates (dl) and 2 concentrate retention times (rt) on microbial growth, methane production, and fermentation of a 30:70 alfalfa hay:concentrate diet in rusitec fermenters maintained at similar ph. the dl were 3.78 (low dl, ldl) and 5.42%/h (high dl, hdl), and concentrate rt was either 24 h (t24) or 48 h (t48). forage rt was 48 h in all fermenters. apparent disappearance of diet dm and ndf was greater in hdl fermenters compar ... | 2009 | 19620676 |
| [isolation and identification of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and the determination of enzymatic activity]. | we used medicago sativa rhizosphere in shaanxi province of china to isolate and identify hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria that produced acc (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase, and then studied the mechanism why they can promote the growth of plants. | 2009 | 19623965 |
| use of 1% peroxyacetic acid sanitizer in an air-mixing wash basin to remove bacterial pathogens from seeds. | to achieve the production of pathogen-free sprouts, there must be appropriate mixing of liquid sanitizer with the seeds to assure contact. commercial treatments by irradiation or ozone gas of salmonella spp. artificially inoculated seeds were compared, and these resulted in a 1 log reduction after all treatments. use of peroxyacetic acid (1%) sanitizer on salmonella spp. or escherichia coli o157:h7 inoculated alfalfa seeds consistently resulted in a greater than 1 log reduction. in addition, dur ... | 2009 | 19630514 |
| the novel genes emmabc are associated with exopolysaccharide production, motility, stress adaptation, and symbiosis in sinorhizobium meliloti. | the nitrogen-fixing symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti senses and responds to constantly changing environmental conditions as it makes its way through the soil in search of its leguminous plant host, medicago sativa (alfalfa). as a result, this bacterium regulates various aspects of its physiology in order to respond appropriately to stress, starvation, and competition. for example, exopolysaccharide production, which has been shown to play an important role in the ability of s. meliloti to success ... | 2009 | 19633078 |
| rhizobium tibeticum sp. nov., a symbiotic bacterium isolated from trigonella archiducis-nicolai (sirj.) vassilcz. | isolated from root nodules of trigonella archiducis-nicolai (sirj.) vassilcz. grown in tibet, china, cells of the bacterial strains ccbau 85039(t) and ccbau 85027 were gram-negative, aerobic, motile, non-spore-forming rods that formed colonies that were semi-translucent and opalescent on yeast extract-mannitol agar. in numerical taxonomy, sds-page analysis of whole-cell proteins and dna-dna hybridization, the two strains were very similar and were different from reference strains of defined rhiz ... | 2009 | 19643889 |
| evaluating a deer-targeted acaricide applicator for area-wide suppression of blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae), in rhode island. | over a 5-year period, september 1997 through may 2002, as many as 25 u.s. department of agriculture-agricultural research service "4-poster" acaricide applicators were distributed in areas of high deer activity throughout a 518-hectare area in a rural rhode island community. corn consumption and acaricide levels for each device were monitored weekly during each treatment season to assess the degree of deer use. the efficacy of acaricide treatment was determined by comparing relative blacklegged ... | 2009 | 19650734 |
| identification of a hydroxyproline transport system in the legume endosymbiont sinorhizobium meliloti. | hydroxyproline-rich proteins in plants offer a source of carbon and nitrogen to soil-dwelling microorganisms in the form of root exudates and decaying organic matter. this report describes an abc-type transport system dedicated to the uptake of hydroxyproline in the legume endosymbiont sinorhizobium meliloti. we have designated genes involved in hydroxyproline metabolism as hyp genes and show that an s. meliloti strain lacking putative transport genes (deltahypmnpq) is unable to grow with or tra ... | 2009 | 19656046 |