| chromosome sizes of phytoplasmas composing major phylogenetic groups and subgroups. | abstract chromosome sizes of 71 phytoplasmas belonging to 12 major phylogenetic groups including several of the aster yellows subgroups were estimated from electrophoretic mobilities of full-length chromosomes in pulsed-field gels. considerable variation in genome size, from 660 to 1,130 kilobases (kb), was observed among aster yellows phytoplasmas. chromosome size heterogeneity was also observed in the stolbur phytoplasma group (range 860 to 1,350 kb); in this group, isolate stolf contains the ... | 1999 | 18944709 |
| genotypic and pathogenic diversity among pea-infecting strains of aphanomyces euteiches from the central and western united states. | abstract pathogenic and genotypic variability among four populations of aphanomyces euteiches from individual fields in minnesota, wisconsin, and oregon were investigated using pathogenicity and randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analyses. about 50 strains were isolated from each of two pea fields in minnesota, and 11 and 6 strains from pea fields in wisconsin and oregon, respectively, using pea (pisum sativum) as a baiting host. pathogenic variability and host range were evaluated in gre ... | 1998 | 18944869 |
| variation in pathogenicity and genotype among single-zoospore strains of aphanomyces euteiches. | abstract the role of asexual reproduction in the production of pathogenic and genotypic variation in aphanomyces euteiches was investigated. variation was studied among three groups of 18 single-zoospore progeny of a. euteiches derived from each of three single-zoospore parental strains. pathogenicity was assessed by evaluating disease severity (ds) on roots of five pea lines possessing different levels of resistance to aphanomyces root rot and of a susceptible cultivar of snap bean and alfalfa. ... | 1998 | 18944999 |
| effects of leaf wetness duration and temperature on infection efficiency, latent period, and rate of pustule appearance of rust in alfalfa. | abstract dew and growth chamber tests were conducted on the alfalfa cultivar ranger to determine the effect of duration of leaf wetness and temperature on several components of the alfalfa rust (uromyces striatus) monocycle. duration of leaf wetness and temperature both had significant effects on pustule development. infection efficiency (number of alfalfa rust pustules per leaf) increased linearly as duration of leaf wetness was increased from 4 to 24 h after inoculation. there was an inverse l ... | 1997 | 18945066 |
| application of amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism for genetic characterization of colletotrichum pathogens of alfalfa. | abstract amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism (aflp) was used to assess the levels of genomic variations among species and isolates of the genus colletotrichum. our objective was to characterize at the molecular level two alfalfa pathogens, isolates arl-nw and 57rr, which are unusually aggressive to anthracnose-resistant alfalfa cultivars and whose taxa has been uncertain based on morphological criteria. the fingerprint patterns obtained were complex but did enable us to place thes ... | 1997 | 18945097 |
| multiple-species natural enemy approach for biological control of alfalfa snout beetle (coleoptera: curculionidae) using entomopathogenic nematodes. | multiple-species natural enemy approach for the biological control of the alfalfa snout beetle, otiorhynchus ligustici (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae), was compared with using single-species of natural enemies in the alfalfa ecosystem by using entomopathogenic nematodes with different dispersal and foraging behaviors. steinernema carpocapsae ny001 (ambush nematode), heterorhabditis bacteriophora oswego (cruiser nematode), and steinernema feltiae valko (intermediate nematode) were applied in sin ... | 2008 | 18950034 |
| effects of forage:concentrate ratio and forage type on apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and microbial growth in goats. | the effects of forage type and forage:concentrate ratio (f:c) on apparent nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and microbial growth were investigated in goats. a comparison between liquid (lab) and solid (sab)-associated bacteria to estimate microbial n flow (mnf) from urinary purine derivative excretion was also examined. treatments were a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of forage type (grass hay vs. alfalfa hay) and high vs. low f:c (70:30 and 30:70, respectively). four ruminally cannulat ... | 2009 | 18952730 |
| potential application of high hydrostatic pressure to eliminate escherichia coli o157:h7 on alfalfa sprouted seeds. | sprouts eaten raw are increasingly being perceived as hazardous foods as they have been implicated in escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreaks where the seeds were found to be the likely source of contamination. the objective of our study was to evaluate the potential of using high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) technology for alfalfa seed decontamination. alfalfa seeds inoculated with a cocktail of five strains of e. coli o157:h7 were subjected to pressures of 500 and 600 mpa for 2 min at 20 degrees c in ... | 2008 | 18954917 |
| influence of different sinorhizobium meliloti inocula on abundance of genes involved in nitrogen transformations in the rhizosphere of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). | inoculation of leguminous seeds with selected rhizobial strains is practised in agriculture to ameliorate the plant yield by enhanced root nodulation and nitrogen uptake of the plant. however, effective symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia does not only depend on the capacity of nitrogen fixation but also on the entire nitrogen turnover in the rhizosphere. we investigated the influence of seed inoculation with two indigenous sinorhizobium meliloti strains exhibiting different efficiency concer ... | 2008 | 18973619 |
| responses to ozone pollution of alfalfa exposed to increasing salinity levels. | stomatal closure and biosynthesis of antioxidant molecules are two fundamental components of the physiological machinery that lead to stress adaptation during plant's exposure to salinity. since high stomatal resistance may also contribute in counteracting o(3) damages, we hypothesized that soil salinization may increase o(3) tolerance of crops. an experiment was performed with alfalfa grown in filtered (aot40=0 in both years) and non-filtered (aot40=9.7 in 2005 and 6.9 ppm h in 2006) open-top c ... | 2009 | 18977574 |
| evaluation of sample preparation methods for the isolation of salmonella from alfalfa and mung bean seeds with the bacteriological analytical manual's salmonella culture method. | five pre-enrichment methods were evaluated for effectiveness with the u.s. food and drug administration's bacteriological analytical manual salmonella culture method in recovering s. stanley, s. poona, and s. muenchen from artificially contaminated alfalfa seeds, and s. saintpaul, s. anatum, and s. infantis from artificially contaminated mung bean seeds. the methods included: (1) soak.--test portions were inoculated into pre-enrichment media; (2) rinse.--test portions were rinsed with pre-enrich ... | 2008 | 18980122 |
| engineering of plant polyketide biosynthesis. | a growing number of functionally divergent the chalcone synthase (chs) superfamily type iii polyketide synthases (pkss) have been cloned and characterized, which include recently obtained pentaketide chromone synthase (pcs) and octaketide synthase (oks) from aloe (aloe arborescens). recombinant pcs expressed in escherichia coli catalyzes iterative condensations of five molecules of malonyl-coa to produce a pentaketide, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methylchromone, while oks carries out sequential condensation ... | 2008 | 18981598 |
| mesorhizobium gobiense sp. nov. and mesorhizobium tarimense sp. nov., isolated from wild legumes growing in desert soils of xinjiang, china. | twenty-four mesorhizobium strains were isolated from desert soils in the xinjiang region of china and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. these strains grouped into three clusters in igs-rflp, sds-page analysis of whole-cell proteins and box-pcr analysis, corresponding to genomic species v, vi and vii as found in a previous study. the results were supported by sequencing analyses of rrs, igs, atpd and reca genes. genospecies vii was most related to mesorhizobium septentrionale, while ge ... | 2008 | 18984702 |
| tobacco mosaic virus 126-kda protein increases the susceptibility of nicotiana tabacum to other viruses and its dosage affects virus-induced gene silencing. | the tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) 126-kda protein is a suppressor of rna silencing previously shown to delay the silencing of transgenes in nicotiana tabacum and n. benthamiana. here, we demonstrate that expression of a 126-kda protein-green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion (126-gfp) in n. tabacum increases susceptibility to a broad assortment of viruses, including alfalfa mosaic virus, brome mosaic virus, tobacco rattle virus (trv), and potato virus x. given its ability to enhance trv infection in ... | 2008 | 18986250 |
| the hmuuv genes of sinorhizobium meliloti 2011 encode the permease and atpase components of an abc transport system for the utilization of both haem and the hydroxamate siderophores, ferrichrome and ferrioxamine b. | sinorhizobium meliloti, the endosymbiont of medicago sativa, can use haem compounds, including haemoglobin and leghaemoglobin, when growing in the free-living state. the components of the system involved in haem acquisition were confirmed to be shmr, an outer membrane receptor, and hmutuv, predicted to be an abc transport system comprising a periplasmic protein, a permease and an atpase respectively. the roles of hmutuv in haem transport were confirmed in a heterologous expression system in esch ... | 2008 | 18990190 |
| use of bacteriophages as biocontrol agents to control salmonella associated with seed sprouts. | two salmonella bacteriophages (ssp5 and ssp6) were isolated and characterized based on their morphology and host range, and evaluated for their potential to control salmonella oranienburg in vitro and on experimentally contaminated alfalfa seeds. phages ssp5 and ssp6 were classified as members of the myoviridae and siphoviridae families, respectively. both phages had a broad host range of over 65% of the 41 salmonella strains tested. during in vitro trials, the phages resulted in incomplete lysi ... | 2009 | 18996610 |
| toxicity testing of heavy metals with the rhizobium-legume symbiosis: high sensitivity to cadmium and arsenic compounds. | legume root nodules are the site of biological nitrogen fixation in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis. nodules are structures unique to this symbiosis and they are morphologically as well as physiologically distinct from other plant organs. organic substances affecting the macro- or microsymbionts vitality, such as pahs (wetzel: et al., 1991), reduce nodulation even before visible damage to the plant can be detected. we present data that the formation of nodules (nodulation) may also serve for ecot ... | 1998 | 19002625 |
| peanut cross-reacting allergens in seeds and sprouts of a range of legumes. | recently, peanut-allergic patients have reported symptoms upon ingestion of bean sprouts produced from various legumes. | 2008 | 19016804 |
| a mutant glnd nitrogen sensor protein leads to a nitrogen-fixing but ineffective sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis with alfalfa. | the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between rhizobia and legume plants is a model of coevolved nutritional complementation. the plants reduce atmospheric co(2) by photosynthesis and provide carbon compounds to symbiotically associated bacteria; the rhizobia use these compounds to reduce (fix) atmospheric n(2) to ammonia, a form of nitrogen the plants can use. a key feature of symbiotic n(2) fixation is that n(2) fixation is uncoupled from bacterial nitrogen stress metabolism so that the rhizobia gener ... | 2008 | 19020095 |
| effect of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate synthase mutation on the metabolism of ensifer (formerly sinorhizobium) meliloti. | in order to investigate the effect of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate synthase mutation (phbc) on the synthesis of exopolysaccharides (eps) and glycogen, on the symbiotic properties and on the survival under specific conditions of ensifer meliloti (formerly sinorhizobium), a new stable phbc mutant of ensifer meliloti 41 was isolated and characterized.under poly-3-hydroxybutyrate accumulation conditions, the phbc -minus mutant (strain 41003) accumulates more glycogen and less exopolysaccharides as compare ... | 2009 | 19025879 |
| oral sulforaphane increases phase ii antioxidant enzymes in the human upper airway. | cellular oxidative stress is an important factor in asthma and is thought to be the principle mechanism by which oxidant pollutants such as ozone and particulates mediate their pro-inflammatory effects. endogenous phase ii enzymes abrogate oxidative stress through the scavenging of reactive oxygen species and metabolism of reactive chemicals. | 2009 | 19028145 |
| effects of nutritionally induced metabolic acidosis with or without glutamine infusion on acid-base balance, plasma amino acids, and plasma nonesterified fatty acids in sheep. | this study characterized the effects of nutritionally induced metabolic acidosis with or without gln infusion on acid-base balance, plasma aa, and plasma nefa in sheep. in a randomized complete block design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, 24 fully fleeced sheep (rideau-arcott, 63.6 +/- 5.9 kg of bw) were fed a control supplement (cs; 300 g/d of canola meal) or an acidosis supplement (as; 300 g/d of nutrichlor; hcl-treated canola meal), offered twice daily at 0700 and 1100 h. sh ... | 2009 | 19028843 |
| a protease additive increases fermentation of alfalfa diets by mixed ruminal microorganisms in vitro. | in vitro experiments were conducted to examine the characteristics and mode of action of a protease that increased the ruminal fiber digestibility of alfalfa hay. a commercial source of protease (protex 6l, genencor int., rochester, ny), already characterized for its main activities, was further analyzed to determine protease activity in response to ph, molecular size by sds-page, specificity to degrade model or feed substrates, response to autoclaving, and action of specific protease inhibitors ... | 2009 | 19028863 |
| regulatory and dna repair genes contribute to the desiccation resistance of sinorhizobium meliloti rm1021. | sinorhizobium meliloti can form a nitrogen-fixing symbiotic relationship with alfalfa after bacteria in the soil infect emerging root hairs of the growing plant. to be successful at this, the bacteria must be able to survive in the soil between periods of active plant growth, including when conditions are dry. the ability of s. meliloti to withstand desiccation has been known for years, but genes that contribute to this phenotype have not been identified. transposon mutagenesis was used in combi ... | 2009 | 19028909 |
| the effect of mushroom and pokeweed extract on salmonella, egg production, and weight loss in molting hens. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of mushroom and pokeweed extract alone or in combination with alfalfa meal on salmonella spp. population, egg production, and weight loss in laying hens during a 10-d molting period. the trial used 54 active laying hens approximately 77 wk of age that were naturally infected with salmonella spp. the layers were subjected to 1 of 9 treatment groups, replicated 3 times with 2 hens per replicate cage. the treatment conditions were as follows: 1) f ... | 2008 | 19038799 |
| corn silage partially replacing short alfalfa hay to optimize forage use in total mixed rations for lactating cows. | we theorized that adding corn silage to a total mixed ration with alfalfa hay as the sole dietary forage would improve nutrient intake and chewing activity and thereby improve rumen fermentation and milk production. the objective of this research was to determine the effects of partial replacement of short alfalfa [physically effective (pe) neutral detergent fiber (ndf) >1.18 mm (pendf(>1.18)) = 33.2%] with corn silage (cs, pendf(>1.18) = 51.9%) in yellow grease-supplemented total mixed rations ... | 2008 | 19038951 |
| a blend of essential plant oils used as an additive to alter silage fermentation or used as a feed additive for lactating dairy cows. | a blend of essential plant oils was evaluated for its effects on silage fermentation and animal performance. in the first experiment, the blend of essential oils was mixed with freshly chopped whole-plant corn to achieve a concentration of 0, 40, or 80 mg of active product per kilogram of fresh forage weight. whole-plant corn was also mixed with a buffered propionic acid-based product at 0.2% of fresh forage weight. the blend of essential oils did not affect the populations of yeasts, molds, lac ... | 2008 | 19038954 |
| effect on production of replacing dietary starch with sucrose in lactating dairy cows. | replacing dietary starch with sugar has been reported to improve production in dairy cows. two sets of 24 holstein cows averaging 41 kg/d of milk were fed a covariate diet, blocked by days in milk, and randomly assigned in 2 phases to 4 groups of 6 cows each. cows were fed experimental diets containing [dry matter (dm) basis]: 39% alfalfa silage, 21% corn silage, 21% rolled high-moisture shelled corn, 9% soybean meal, 2% fat, 1% vitamin-mineral supplement, 7.5% supplemental nonstructural carbohy ... | 2008 | 19038955 |
| challenges in mucosal vaccination of cattle. | recognition of the mucosal portal of entry for many infectious diseases and of the relevance of mucosal immune response to protection has encouraged the development of vaccines administered by mucosal routes, principally oral and intranasal, for stimulation of intestinal and nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissues respectively. the oral route is problematic in cattle and other ruminants where antigen degradation in the rumen is likely, prior to transit to the intestine. on the other hand, rumination can ... | 2009 | 19046777 |
| effects of live yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae on fermentation parameters and microbial populations of rumen, total tract digestibility of diet nutrients and on the in situ degradability of alfalfa hay in iranian chall sheep. | the effects of live yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae (lysc, strain sc 47) on rumen fermentation and microbial populations, digestibility of nutrients, degradability of alfalfa hay and on the performances of sheep were investigated in two experiments. in both experiments, animals in treatment groups were received 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 g of lysc per sheep per day and were defined as control, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g lysc treatment groups, respectively. in the first experiment, four fistulated chall sheep (49 ... | 2007 | 19069540 |
| application of multi-way data analysis on excitation-emission spectra for plant identification. | the ability to distinguish among diets fed to damascus goats using excitation-emission luminescence spectra was investigated. these diets consisted of medicago sativa l. (alfalfa), trifolium spp. (clover), pistacia lentiscus, phyllirea latifolia and pinus brutia. the three-dimensional luminescence response surface from phosphate buffered saline (pbs) extracts of each material was analyzed using muti-way analysis chemometric tools (mpca) and parallel factor analysis (parafac). using three princip ... | 2007 | 19071673 |
| lack of trehalose catabolism in sinorhizobium species increases their nodulation competitiveness on certain host genotypes. | the role of host and bacterial genotypes in determining the competitiveness of trehalose utilization mutants of sinorhizobium meliloti and sinorhizobium medicae was investigated here. trehalose utilization mutants of s. meliloti and s. medicae were obtained by mutagenesis of their trehalose utilization gene thub. the mutant strains and the wild type were coinoculated on three cultivars of alfalfa (medicago sativa) and two cultivars of medicago truncatula and assessed for competitiveness in root ... | 2008 | 19086182 |
| acacia nilotica and medicago sativa, suitable plants for agro-forestry in southern coasts of iran. | habitats of the multipurpose tree, acacia nilotica, were identified along the coastline of the persian gulf and oman sea, south of iran. four sites were randomly chosen and in each one, vegetation as well as climatic and soil characteristics were studied. likewise, biometry of acacia trees was conducted and compared in the sites. the fodder values in leaf and fruit of acacia were determined and compared with those of in foliage of medicago sativa being managed under an agro-forestry system. by a ... | 2007 | 19086523 |
| an orphan luxr homolog of sinorhizobium meliloti affects stress adaptation and competition for nodulation. | the sin/expr quorum-sensing system of sinorhizobium meliloti plays an important role in the symbiotic association with its host plant, medicago sativa. the luxr-type response regulators of the sin system include the synthase (sini)-associated sinr and the orphan regulator expr. interestingly, the s. meliloti rm1021 genome codes for four additional putative orphan luxr homologs whose regulatory roles remain to be identified. these response regulators contain the characteristic domains of the luxr ... | 2009 | 19088317 |
| identification of two types of iranian alfalfa gene pool-based on agro-morphological traits. | there are two types of alfalfa landraces in iran. the first is temperate landraces such as hamedani, gharah younjeh and the second is sub-tropical landraces such as bami, nikshahri and yazdi. do they have different gene pools and could they be identified using agro-morphological traits. a total of 332 landraces which had been collected from different parts of iran were planted in the experimental field. during 1998-2002, agro-morphological traits were evaluated according to ipgri descriptors. on ... | 2007 | 19090146 |
| effects of supplemental dietary biotin on performance of holstein dairy cows. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of biotin on productive performance of holstein dairy cow. in this experiment a change-over design with twelve multiparous cows, three rations and three periods was employed. ingredients of the basal diet were alfalfa hay (24%) corn silage (16%) and concentrate (60%) on dry matter basis. the experimental diets 1 to 3 contained 0, 10 and 20 mg of biotin per day, respectively. the rations were fed to cows as total mixed rations ... | 2007 | 19090208 |
| overexpression of flavodoxin in bacteroids induces changes in antioxidant metabolism leading to delayed senescence and starch accumulation in alfalfa root nodules. | sinorhizobium meliloti cells were engineered to overexpress anabaena variabilis flavodoxin, a protein that is involved in the response to oxidative stress. nodule natural senescence was characterized in alfalfa (medicago sativa) plants nodulated by the flavodoxin-overexpressing rhizobia or the corresponding control bacteria. the decline of nitrogenase activity and the nodule structural and ultrastructural alterations that are associated with nodule senescence were significantly delayed in flavod ... | 2009 | 19098093 |
| potential to reduce escherichia coli shedding in cattle feces by using sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) forage, tested in vitro and in vivo. | there is a growing concern about the presence of pathogens in cattle manure and its implications on human and environmental health. the phytochemical-rich forage sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) and purified phenolics (trans-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid) were evaluated for their ability to reduce the viability of pathogenic escherichia coli strains, including e. coli o157:h7. mics were determined using purified phenolics and acetone extracts of sainfoin and alfalfa (medicago ... | 2009 | 19098216 |
| effects of concentrate replacement by feed blocks on ruminal fermentation and microbial growth in goats and single-flow continuous-culture fermenters. | the effect of replacing concentrate with 2 different feed blocks (fb) on ruminal fermentation and microbial growth was evaluated in goats and in single-flow continuous-culture fermenters. diets consisted of alfalfa hay plus concentrate and alfalfa hay plus concentrate with 1 of the 2 studied fb. three trials were carried out with 6 rumen-fistulated granadina goats and 3 incubation runs in 6 single-flow continuous-culture fermenters. experimental treatments were assigned randomly within each run, ... | 2009 | 19098232 |
| influence of soil organic matter decomposition on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in terms of asymbiotic hyphal growth and root colonization. | soil organic matter is known to influence arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi, but limited information is available on the chemical components in the organic matter causing these effects. we studied the influence of decomposing organic matter (pure cellulose and alfalfa shoot and root material) on am fungi after 30, 100, and 300 days of decomposition in nonsterile soil with and without addition of mineral n and p. decomposing organic matter affected maize root length colonized by the am fungus glo ... | 2009 | 19104847 |
| interaction of molasses and monensin in alfalfa hay- or corn silage-based diets on rumen fermentation, total tract digestibility, and milk production by holstein cows. | sugar supplementation can stimulate rumen microbial growth and possibly fiber digestibility; however, excess ruminal carbohydrate availability relative to rumen-degradable protein (rdp) can promote energy spilling by microbes, decrease rumen ph, or depress fiber digestibility. both rdp supply and rumen ph might be altered by forage source and monensin. therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate interactions of a sugar source (molasses) with monensin and 2 forage sources on rumen ferm ... | 2009 | 19109286 |
| intake and milk production of cows fed diets that differed in dietary neutral detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. | the objectives of this study were to determine how feeding diets that differed in dietary neutral detergent fiber (ndf) concentration and in vitro ndf digestibility affects dry matter (dm) intake, ruminal fermentation, and milk production in early lactation dairy cows. twelve rumen-cannulated, multiparous holstein cows averaging 38 +/- 15 d (+/-standard deviation) in milk, and producing 40 +/- 9 kg of milk daily, were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design with 28-d periods. treatment di ... | 2009 | 19109289 |
| effects of chemical composition variation on the dynamics of ruminal fermentation and biological value of corn milling (co)products. | the objectives of this study were to evaluate the dynamics of gas production of several corn (co)products, to develop equations to predict the rate of ruminal fiber digestion, to estimate total digestible nutrients (tdn) and net energy for lactation (ne(l)), and to assess the stochasticity of chemical composition and nutritive value variability. four corn milling (co)products were evaluated in this study: high protein dried distillers grains (hp-ddg), corn bran (bran) and dehydrated germ (germ), ... | 2009 | 19109298 |
| [diurnal dynamics of photosynthetic characteristics of alfalfa on kerqin sandy land]. | by using a li-6400 portable photosynthesis system, the diurnal dynamics of the photosynthetic characteristics of three alfalfa varieties medicago sativa l. cv. aohan, m. sativa l. cv. rangelander, and m. sativa l. cv. algonquin were studied. the results showed that for the test alfalfa varieties, the diurnal variation curves of their p(n), t(r), and wue were not all presented double-peak. for aohan and algonquin, the maximum p(n) and t(r) occurred at 9:00-11:00; while for rangelander, they appea ... | 2008 | 19123354 |
| metabolic and productive response to ruminal protein degradability in early lactation cows fed untreated or xylose-treated soybean meal-based diets. | effects of different dietary rumen undegradable (rup) to degradable (rdp) protein ratios on ruminal nutrient degradation, feed intake, blood metabolites and milk production were determined in early lactation cows. four multiparous (43 ± 5 days in milk) and four primiparous (40 ± 6 days in milk) tie-stall-housed holstein cows were used in a duplicated 4 × 4 latin square design with four 21-day periods. each period had 14-day of adaptation and 7-day of sampling. diets contained on a dry matter (dm ... | 2009 | 19138350 |
| [combined remediation effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-legumes-rhizobium symbiosis on pcbs contaminated soils]. | the combined remediation effects of dual inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (am) and rhizabium (rhizobium meliloti) with a host plant (alfalfa) on pcbs contaminated soils was studied using pot experiments. the results showed that alfalfa had a clear role in pcbs removal in soils compared with treatments without alfalfa and inoculated microorganisms, pcbs concentration in lightly and heavily polluted soils decreased 15.8% and 23.5%, respectively. after planting alfalfa with single ... | 2008 | 19143396 |
| morphology of reproductive organs, semen quality and sexual behaviour of the male rabbit exposed to a soy-containing diet and soy-derived isoflavones during gestation and lactation. | placental and breastfeeding transfer of soy isoflavones are potential routes for animal and human exposure to phytoestrogens, and reproductive dysfunctions have been linked to early exposure to these compounds. so, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of perinatal (intrauterine and lactational) exposure to soy-containing diet and soy-derived isoflavones on the reproductive parameters of male rabbits. for this purpose, 12 female rabbits were randomly assigned to receive: (1) a soy ... | 2009 | 19144022 |
| [identification of the burkholderia cepacia complex genomovars and their virulence in an alfalfa infection model]. | to confirm burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) genomovars from agricultural niches and clinical samples, and to evaluate their possible virulence to human body on alfalfa infection model in china. | 2008 | 19149158 |
| evaluation of the bacterial diversity in cecal contents of laying hens fed various molting diets by using bacterial tag-encoded flx amplicon pyrosequencing. | laying hens are typically induced to molt to begin a new egg-laying cycle by withdrawing feed for up to 12 to 14 d. fasted hens are more susceptible to colonization and tissue invasion by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. much of this increased incidence in fasted hens is thought to be due to changes in the native intestinal microflora. an alternative to feed withdrawal involves feeding alfalfa meal crumble to hens, which is indigestible by poultry but provides fermentable substrate to th ... | 2009 | 19151343 |
| fabacyl acetate, a germination stimulant for root parasitic plants from pisum sativum. | a germination stimulant, fabacyl acetate, was purified from root exudates of pea (pisum sativum l.) and its structure was determined as ent-2'-epi-4a,8a-epoxyorobanchyl acetate [(3ar,4r,4ar,8bs,e)-4a,8a-epoxy-8,8-dimethyl-3-(((r)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yloxy)methylene)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-decahydro-2h-indeno[1,2-b]furan-4-yl acetate], by 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopic, esi- and ei-ms spectrometric, x-ray crystallographic analyses, and by comparing the (1)h nmr spectroscopic data and ... | 2009 | 19155028 |
| transient protein expression in three pisum sativum (green pea) varieties. | the expression of proteins in plants both transiently and via permanently transformed lines has been demonstrated by a number of groups. transient plant expression systems, due to high expression levels and speed of production, show greater promise for the manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals when compared to permanent transformants. expression vectors based on a tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) are the most commonly utilized and the primary plant used, nicotiana benthamiana, has demonstrated the abili ... | 2009 | 19156736 |
| aer1, a major gene conferring resistance to aphanomyces euteiches in medicago truncatula. | aphanomyces euteiches is a major soilborne oomycete pathogen that infects various legume species, including pea and alfalfa. the model legume medicago truncatula has recently emerged as a valuable genetic system for understanding the genetic basis of resistance to a. euteiches in leguminous crops. the objective of this study was to identify genetic determinants of resistance to a broad host-range pea-infecting strain of a. euteiches in m. truncatula. two m. truncatula segregating populations of ... | 2009 | 19159312 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a novel gene encoding zinc finger protein from medicago sativa l. | a suppression subtraction hybridization (ssh) cdna library had been constructed to identify differentially expressed genes. based on the sequence of an expressed sequence tag (est) homologous to pisum sativum zinc finger protein mrna (accession number: af160911), the full-length cdna of 1,676 nucleotides was cloned from alfalfa by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). it was designated as mszfn, encoding a protein of 418 amino acids. the amino acid sequence compared by blast revealed high hom ... | 2009 | 19160069 |
| modeling embryo development of sitona discoideus gyllenhal (coleoptera: curculionidae) under constant temperature. | the alfalfa root weevil, sitona discoideus (coleoptera: curculionidae), is an important pest of alfalfa. the developmental rates of the embryo development were recorded at eight constant temperatures ranging from 8.5 to 30 degrees c. using 10 models (1 linear and 9 nonlinear), we evaluated the relationship between constant temperature and developmental rate. embryo development was shortest (8.5 d) and longest (69 d), at 28 and 8.5 degrees c, respectively. the threshold temperature (t0) and the t ... | 2008 | 19161679 |
| the tep1 gene of sinorhizobium meliloti coding for a putative transmembrane efflux protein and n-acetyl glucosamine affect nod gene expression and nodulation of alfalfa plants. | soil bacteria collectively known as rhizobium, characterized by their ability to establish beneficial symbiosis with legumes, share several common characteristics with pathogenic bacteria when infecting the host plant. recently, it was demonstrated that a fadd mutant of sinorhizobium meliloti is altered in the control of swarming, a type of co-ordinated movement previously associated with pathogenicity, and is also impaired in nodulation efficiency on alfalfa roots. in the phytopathogen xanthomo ... | 2009 | 19173735 |
| ruminal fermentation, microbial growth and amino acid flow in single-flow continuous culture fermenters fed a diet containing olive leaves. | six single-flow continuous culture fermenters were used to determine fermentation profile, microbial growth and amino acid (aa) flow promoted by olive leaves supplemented with barley grains and faba beans (olsup), and alfalfa hay (ah). two incubation runs were carried out with three fermenters inoculated with ruminal fluid from wethers and three from goats. the inoculum source did not affect (p = 0.059 to 0.980) any of the parameters. daily volatile fatty acid (vfa) production and carbohydrate d ... | 2010 | 19175451 |
| role of potassium uptake systems in sinorhizobium meliloti osmoadaptation and symbiotic performance. | stimulation of potassium uptake is the most rapid response to an osmotic upshock in bacteria. this cation accumulates by a number of different transport systems whose importance has not been previously addressed for rhizobia. in silico analyses reveal the presence of genes encoding four possible potassium uptake systems in the genome of sinorhizobium meliloti 1021: kup1, kup2, trk, and kdp. the study of the relevance of these systems under a number of different growth conditions and in symbiosis ... | 2009 | 19181803 |
| allelic and genotypic diversity in long-term asexual populations of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum in comparison with sexual populations. | many aphid species exhibit geographical variation in the mode of reproduction that ranges from cyclical parthenogenesis with a sexual phase to obligate parthenogenesis (asexual reproduction). theoretical studies predict that organisms reproducing asexually should maintain higher allelic diversity per locus but lower genotypic diversity than organisms reproducing sexually. to corroborate this hypothesis, we evaluated genotypic and allelic diversities in the sexual and asexual populations of the p ... | 2009 | 19207245 |
| technical note: the relationship between heart rate and energy expenditure in growing crossbred boer and spanish wethers. | eight boer (75%) x spanish (bs) and 8 spanish (s) wethers (155 +/- 8 d of age and 19.2 +/- 2.3 kg of bw initially) were used in a replicated crossover design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine effects of genotype, diet quality, and time of day on energy expenditure (ee), heart rate (hr), and ee:hr with ad libitum, near maintenance, and fasting levels of feed intake. diets were 65% concentrate or coarsely ground alfalfa hay. energy expenditure was ranked (p < 0.05) ad l ... | 2009 | 19213708 |
| the ethyl acetate extract of alfalfa sprout ameliorates disease severity of autoimmune-prone mrl-lpr/lpr mice. | previous study showed that soy isoflavone supplement alleviates disease severity in autoimmune-prone mice. as the ethyl acetate extract of alfalfa sprout (as) has selective oestrogenic and anti-inflammatory activity, this study evaluated the effects of alfalfa sprout ethyl acetate extract (asea) on disease severity of systemic lupus erythematosus, using autoimmune-prone female mrl-lpr/lpr mice. in experiment 1, five groups of 12-week-old female mice were per oral treated with vehicle (control), ... | 2009 | 19213858 |
| associations between nematode larval challenge and gastrointestinal tract size that affect carcass productivity in sheep. | effects of gastrointestinal parasitism on sheep productivity are usually described using live weight change, however carcass productivity is more accurately described using dressing percentage (carcass weight as a proportion of live weight). this experiment had a 2x2x2 factorial design whereby 10-month-old merino wethers were fed lucerne (medicago sativa) diets (fresh lucerne or lucerne chaff) with 2 levels of carboxymethycellulose (cmc) inclusion (0% or 8% cmc) and nematode larval challenge (no ... | 2009 | 19217210 |
| genome activation by raspberry bushy dwarf virus coat protein. | two sets of infectious cdna clones of raspberry bushy dwarf virus (rbdv) have been constructed, enabling either the synthesis of infectious rna transcripts or the delivery of infectious binary plasmid dna by infiltration of agrobacterium tumefaciens. in whole plants and in protoplasts, inoculation of rbdv rna1 and rna2 transcripts led to a low level of infection, which was greatly increased by the addition of rna3, a subgenomic rna coding for the rbdv coat protein (cp). agroinfiltration of rna1 ... | 2009 | 19218221 |
| rhizobia from lanzarote, the canary islands, that nodulate phaseolus vulgaris have characteristics in common with sinorhizobium meliloti isolates from mainland spain. | the stable, low-molecular-weight (lmw) rna fractions of several rhizobial isolates of phaseolus vulgaris grown in the soil of lanzarote, an island of the canary islands, were identical to a less-common pattern found within sinorhizobium meliloti (assigned to group ii) obtained from nodules of alfalfa and alfalfa-related legumes grown in northern spain. the p. vulgaris isolates and the group ii lmw rna s. meliloti isolates also were distinguishable in that both had two conserved inserts of 20 and ... | 2009 | 19218416 |
| elimination of escherichia coli o157:h7 from alfalfa seeds through a combination of high hydrostatic pressure and mild heat. | escherichia coli o157:h7 has been associated with contaminated seed sprout outbreaks. the majority of these outbreaks have been traced to sprout seeds contaminated with low levels of pathogens. sanitizing sprout seeds presents a unique challenge in the arena of produce safety in that even a low residual pathogen population remaining on contaminated seed after treatments appears capable of growing to very high levels during sprouting. in this study, the effectiveness of high-pressure treatment in ... | 2009 | 19218418 |
| effects of a supplemental yeast culture on heat-stressed lactating holstein cows. | multiparous, lactating holstein cows (n = 23; 120 +/- 30 d in milk, 690 +/- 67 kg of body weight) housed in climatic chambers were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: a diet containing a novel yeast culture formulation (yc) for heat stress (n = 12, 10 g/d) or a control diet (n = 11). the trial length was 28 d and consisted of a 7-d thermal neutral period (tn; 18 degrees c, 20% humidity) followed by 21 d of heat stress (hs; cyclical daily temperatures ranging from 29.4 to 37.8 degrees ... | 2009 | 19233786 |
| evaluation of corn germ from ethanol production as an alternative fat source in dairy cow diets. | sixteen multiparous cows (12 holstein and 4 brown swiss, 132 +/- 20 d in milk) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design with 4-wk periods to determine the effects of feeding corn germ on dairy cow performance. diets were formulated with increasing concentrations of corn germ (dakota germ, poet nutrition, sioux falls, sd) at 0, 7, 14, and 21% of the diet dry matter (dm). all diets had a 55:45 forage to concentrate ratio, where forage was 55% corn silage and 45% alfalfa hay. dietary fat ... | 2009 | 19233796 |
| alfalfa cut at sundown and harvested as baleage increases bacterial protein synthesis in late-lactation dairy cows. | alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) cut at sundown (p.m.) has been shown to have a greater concentration of total nonstructural carbohydrates (tnc) than when cut at sunup (a.m.). eight ruminally cannulated holstein cows that were part of a larger lactation trial were used in a crossover design (24-d periods) to investigate the effects of alfalfa cutting time on digestibility and omasal flow of nutrients. alfalfa was cut at sundown or sunup, field-wilted, and harvested as baleage (530 +/- 15.0 g of dry ... | 2009 | 19233802 |
| the effect of dietary fiber level on milk fat concentration and fatty acid profile of cows fed diets containing low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fiber level on milk fat concentration, yield, and fatty acid (fa) profile of cows fed diets low in polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa). six rumen-fistulated holstein dairy cows (639 +/- 51 kg of body weight) were used in the study. cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments, a high fiber (hf; % of dry matter, 40% corn silage, 27% alfalfa silage, 7% alfalfa hay, 18% protein supplement, 4% ground corn, and 4% wheat br ... | 2009 | 19233803 |
| ruminal and abomasal starch hydrolysate infusions selectively decrease the expression of cationic amino acid transporter mrna by small intestinal epithelia of forage-fed beef steers. | although cationic amino acids (caa) are considered essential to maximize optimal growth of cattle, transporters responsible for caa absorption by bovine small intestinal epithelia have not been described. this study was conducted to test 2 hypotheses: 1) the duodenal, jejunal, and ileal epithelia of beef cattle differentially express 7 mrna associated with 4 mammalian amino acid (aa) transport activities: y(+) (cat1), b(0,+) (atb(0,+)), b(0,+) (b(0,+)at and rbat), and y(+)l (y(+)lat1, y(+)lat2, ... | 2009 | 19233805 |
| effect of alfalfa silage storage structure and rumen-protected methionine on production in lactating dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine whether production and nutrient utilization differed when lactating cows were fed diets based on 1 of 3 sources of alfalfa silage (as) and whether performance was altered by feeding rumen-protected met (rpm; fed as mepron). thirty-six lactating holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk, then assigned to a randomized complete block design and fed a 3 x 2 arrangement of diets formulated from alfalfa ensiled in bag, bunker, or oxygen-limited ... | 2009 | 19233821 |
| [effects of natural and hybrid lectins on the legume-rhizobium interactions]. | the effects of hybrid lectins--full-sized pea pisum sativum lectin (psl) with the carbohydrate-binding region of white melilot melilotus albus lectin or wild licorice astragalus glycyphyllos lectin substituted for the corresponding psl region (psl/mal and psl/agl, correspondingly)--on the legume-rhizobium symbiosis were studied. the treatment of the rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae in the alfalfa (medicago sativa) rhizosphere with psl induced formation of uninfected pseudonodules on its roots, ... | 2009 | 19235514 |
| changes in soil aggregate, carbon, and nitrogen storages following the conversion of cropland to alfalfa forage land in the marginal oasis of northwest china. | maintenance of soil organic carbon (soc) is important for sustainable use of soil resources due to the multiple effects of soc on soil nutrient status and soil structural stability. the objective of this study was to identify the changes in soil aggregate distribution and stability, soc, and nitrogen (n) concentrations after cropland was converted to perennial alfalfa (medicago sativa l. algonguin) grassland for 6 years in the marginal oasis of the middle of hexi corridor region, northwest china ... | 2009 | 19242750 |
| [soil hydraulic properties and their influences on soil water content under different land uses in liudaogou watershed of loess plateau]. | by the method of cross correlation coefficient in geo-statistics, this paper studied the soil hydraulic properties and their influences on soil water distribution under four land uses, i.e., farmland, waste-grassland, forestland, and alfalfa land in liudaogou watershed of loess plateau. the results showed that farmland soil and waste-grassland soil had the similar physical characteristics, as did forestland soil and alfalfa land soil. for any given soil suction, farmland soil had the highest wat ... | 2008 | 19244665 |
| hemodynamics are altered in the caudal artery of beef heifers fed different ergot alkaloid concentrations. | doppler ultrasonography was used to compare blood flow characteristics in the caudal artery of heifers fed diets with endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum) noninfected (e-, 0 microg of ergovaline/g of dm), a 1:1 mixture of endophyte-infected and e- (e+e-; 0.39 microg of ergovaline/g of dm), or endophyte-infected (e+, 0.79 microg of ergovaline/g of dm) tall fescue (lolium arundinaceum) seed. eighteen crossbred (angus x brangus) heifers [345 +/- 19 kg (sd)] were assigned to individual pens and fed ... | 2009 | 19251925 |
| evaluation of procedures for detaching particle-associated microbes from forage and concentrate incubated in rusitec fermenters: efficiency of recovery and representativeness of microbial isolates. | three detachment procedures (dp) were evaluated for their ability to remove particle-associated microbes from digesta in rusitec fermenters fed a 30:70 alfalfa hay:concentrate diet. forage and concentrate were incubated in separate nylon bags, and incubation residues were treated independently. microbial biomass was labeled with (15)nh(4)cl. treatments were 1) met: residues were incubated at 38 degrees c for 15 min with saline solution (0.9% nacl) containing 0.1% methylcellulose with continuous ... | 2009 | 19251933 |
| impact of currently used or potentially useful insecticides for canola agroecosystems on bombus impatiens (hymenoptera: apidae), megachile rotundata (hymentoptera: megachilidae), and osmia lignaria (hymenoptera: megachilidae). | pest management practices may be contributing to a decline in wild bee populations in or near canola (brassica napus l.) agroecosystems. the objective of this study was to investigate the direct contact toxicity of five technical grade insecticides--imidacloprid, clothianidin, deltamethrin, spinosad, and novaluron--currently used, or with potential for use in canola integrated pest management on bees that may forage in canola: common eastern bumble bees [bombus impatiens (cresson); hereafter bum ... | 2009 | 19253634 |
| pharmacovigilance: effects of herbal components on human drugs interactions involving cytochrome p450. | cytochrome p450 (cyp p450) enzymes are a superfamily of mono-oxygenases that are found in all kingdoms of life. the cyp p450 enzymes constitute a large superfamily of haem-thiolate proteins involved in the metabolism of a wide variety of both exogenous and endogenous compounds. the cyp activities have been shown to be involved in numerous interactions especially between drugs and herbal constituents. the majority of serious cases of drug interactions are as a result of the interference of the me ... | 2008 | 19255634 |
| recombination structure and genetic relatedness among members of the family bromoviridae based on their rnas 1 and 2 sequence analyses. | in determining putative recombination events and their evolution rates in the rnas 1 and 2 of currently the known members of the family bromoviridae, a detailed study comprising 107 accessions retrieved from the international databases, has been carried out by using recco and rdp v3.31beta algorithms. these programs allowed the detection of potential recombination sites in all the five virus genera composing the family bromoviridae with various degrees of consistency. the rnas 1 and 2 showed inf ... | 2009 | 19255837 |
| effect of rotation crops on heterodera glycines population density in a greenhouse screening study. | crop rotation is a common means of reducing pathogen populations in soil. several rotation crops have been shown to reduce soybean cyst nematode (heterodera glycines) populations, but a comprehensive study of the optimal crops is needed. a greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effect of growth and decomposition of 46 crops on population density of h. glycines. crops were sown in soil infested with h. glycines. plants were maintained until 75 days after planting, when the soil was mixed ... | 2006 | 19259545 |
| phytoremediation of oil-sludge-contaminated soil. | the aim of this research was to select plant species that could be effective in the phytoremediation ofa former oil-sludge pit. seven crop plants (triticum aestivum l., secale cereale l., avena sativa l., hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor l moench, panicum miliaceum l, and zea mays l.),five wild grasses (lolium perenne l., bromopsis inermis, agropyron cristatum l., agropyrum tenerum l., and festuca pratensis huds.), and three legumes (medicago sativa l., trifolium pratense l., and onobrychis anta ... | 2008 | 19260228 |
| eliminating tobacco rattle virus from viruliferous paratrichodorus allius and establishing a new virus-vector combination. | a reliable method to eliminate tobacco rattle virus (trv) from viruliferous paratrichodorus allius populations was developed. this virus is vectored by p. allius in the pacific northwest and causes corky ringspot disease (crs) of potato. the viruliferous nematodes that were reared on 'vernema' alfalfa or '770' scotch spearmint for at least 3 months did not transmit trv to 'samsun nn' tobacco, a suitable indicator plant, and did not cause crs symptoms on 'russet norkotah' tubers. a new isolate of ... | 2002 | 19265910 |
| host-range characterization of two pratylenchus coffeae isolates from brazil. | two isolates of pratylenchus coffeae were collected from coffee roots (in marília, são paulo state, brazil) and aglaonema (in rio de janeiro city, rio de janeiro state, brazil) and maintained in the laboratory on alfalfa callus. twenty-four plants were tested in the greenhouse to characterize the host preference of these isolates. the host ranges of the isolates differed from each other and, interestingly, coffee, banana, and citrus were not among the better hosts of either isolate. rather, sorg ... | 2002 | 19265921 |
| transfer of antibiotic resistance marker genes between lactic acid bacteria in model rumen and plant environments. | three wild-type dairy isolates of lactic acid bacteria (lab) and one lactococcus lactis control strain were analyzed for their ability to transfer antibiotic resistance determinants (plasmid or transposon located) to two lab recipients using both in vitro methods and in vivo models. in vitro transfer experiments were carried out with the donors and recipients using the filter mating method. in vivo mating examined transfer in two natural environments, a rumen model and an alfalfa sprout model. a ... | 2009 | 19270126 |
| seasonal fluctuations of soil and tissue populations of ditylenchus dipsaci and aphelenchoides ritzemabosi in alfalfa. | population dynamics of a. ritzemabosi and d. dipsaci were studied in two alfalfa fields in wyoming. symptomatic stem-bud tissue and root-zone soil from alfalfa plants exhibiting symptoms of d. dipsaci infection were collected at intervals of 3 to 4 weeks. both nematodes were extracted from stem tissue with the baermann funnel method and from soil with the sieving and baermann funnel method. soil moisture and soil temperature at 5 cm accounted for 64.8% and 61.0%, respectively, of the variability ... | 1999 | 19270872 |
| survey of crop losses in response to phytoparasitic nematodes in the united states for 1994. | previous reports of crop losses to plant-parasitic nematodes have relied on published results of survey data based on certain commodities, including tobacco, peanuts, cotton, and soybean. reports on crop-loss assessment by land-grant universities and many commodity groups generally are no longer available, with the exception of the university of georgia, the beltwide cotton conference, and selected groups concerned with soybean. the society of nematologists extension committee contacted extensio ... | 1999 | 19270925 |
| host range and distribution of the clover root-knot nematode, meloidogyne trifoliophila. | the ability of meloidogyne trifoliophila to gall 230 species and cultivars of plants was determined in a greenhouse. all clovers (trifolium spp.) were severely galled regardless of species or cultivar. most soybean cultivars were moderately to severely galled. among other legumes, broad bean, garden pea, korean lespedeza, sweetclover, and common vetch were good hosts, but alfalfa, bird's-foot trefoil, peanut, and pole bean were poor or nonhosts. among other plant families, most apiaceae (umbelli ... | 1997 | 19274266 |
| evaluation of 15 trifolium spp. and of medicago sativa as hosts of four meloidogyne spp. found in new zealand. | the predominant root-knot nematode in new zealand pastures is meloidogyne trifoliophila, identified until recently as m. hapla. clarification was needed on the host range of these two species on legumes found in new zealand pastures and on clover species closely related to trifolium repens. in a greenhouse test, 15 trifolium spp. and medicago sativa were inoculated with eggs of m. trifoliophila, m. hapla, m. incognita, or m. javanica. all legumes tested were hosts to some degree to each of the r ... | 1997 | 19274267 |
| impact of multi-year cropping regimes on solanum tuberosum tuber yields in the presence of pratylenchus penetrans and verticillium dahliae. | five cropping regimes involving combinations of 2 legumes, alfalfa (medicago sativa) and yellow sweet dover (melilotus officinalis), 2 monocots, corn (zea mays) and sudax (sorghum halupeuse x sorghum sudanese), and potato (solanum tuberosum cv. superior) were tested for their impact on potato yields in a field infested with pratylenchus penetrans and verticillium dahliae. no differences in 1990 tuber yields were observed among the five cropping regimes (p < 0.05). in 1991, yields following 1 yea ... | 1995 | 19277337 |
| axenizing and culturing endomigratory plant-parasitic nematodes using pluronic f127, including its effects, on population dynamics of pratylenchus penetrans. | a non-chemical technique for surface sterilizing plant-parasitic nematodes for aseptic cultures is described. the method is most applicable to nematodes with active migratory infective stages and requires only a few starting specimens. rate of achieving a primary aseptic culture with the technique ranged from 60%-100% depending on the conditions of the specimens collected for culturing. aseptic cultures of species of meloidogyne, rotylenchuluz, pratylenchus, and radopholus initiated with the met ... | 1996 | 19277353 |
| comparative response of alfalfa to pratylenchus penetrans populations. | four populations of pratylenchus penetrans did not differ (p > 0.05) in their virulence or reproductive capability on lahontan alfalfa. there was a negative relationship (r = -0 .7 9 ) between plant survival and nematode inocula densities at 26 +/- 3 c in the greenhouse. all plants survived at an inoculum level (pi) of 1 nematode/cm(3) soil, whereas survival rates were 50 to 55% at 20 nematodes/cm(3) soil. alfalfa shoot and root weights were negatively correlated (r = - 0.87; p < 0.05) with nema ... | 1993 | 19279795 |
| host status of selected crops to meloidogyne chitwoodi. | various crops were tested in greenhouse and field trials for their potential utility in the rotation sequence in the potato cropping system in meloidogyne chitwoodi-infested soils of the klamath basin in northeastern california and southern oregon. two solarium accessions from the international potato center in peru were potential sources of resistance to m. chitwoodi. cultivars of barley, oat, rye, wheat, and white lupine were maintenance hosts, supporting the nematode population at its current ... | 1993 | 19279852 |
| inheritance of resistance to pratylenchus penetrans in alfalfa. | fifty-two alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) clones, randomly selected from the cultivar baker and the experimental line mngrn-4, were evaluated for resistance (based on nematode reproduction) to pratylenchus penetrans in growth chamber tests (25 c). twenty-five clones, representing the range of nematodes and eggs per plant, were selected and retested. four moderately resistant and two susceptible alfalfa clones were identified. inheritance of resistance to p. penetrans was studied in these six clones ... | 1994 | 19279915 |
| effect of single and interplantings on pathogenicity of pratyenchus penetrans and p. neglectus to alfalfa and crested wheatgrass. | alfalfa is a host of pratylenchus penetrans and p. neglectus, whereas crested wheatgrass is a host of p. neglectus but not of p. penetrans. in a 120-day greenhouse experiment at 24 ñ 3 c, p. neglectus inhibited the growth of 'lahontan' alfalfa and 'fairway' crested wheatgrass. there were no differences in persistence and plant growth of alfalfa and crested wheatgrass, or reproduction of p. neglectus, in single plantings of alfalfa (ao) or crested wheatgrass (cwo), or in interplanted alfalfa and ... | 1994 | 19279916 |
| distribution in the western united states on alfalfa and cultivar reaction to mixed populations of ditylenchus dipsaci and aphelenchoides ritzemabosi. | ditylenchus dipsaci and aphelenchoides ritzemabosi were extracted from 29 of 40 plant samples (72.5%) collected from arizona, california, colorado, idaho, montana, oregon, south dakota, utah, washington, and wyoming. percentages of a. ritzemabosi in tissue of the 29 samples ranged from 1.77 to 67.82%. only ditylenchus dipsaci was recovered from the remaining 11 samples. all of the 16 fields sampled in wyoming contained both nematodes. percentages of a. ritzemabosi in the wyoming samples ranged f ... | 1994 | 19279952 |
| diet selection and milk production and composition in girgentana goats with different alpha s1-casein genotype. | in goats, alpha s1-casein polymorphism is related to different rates of protein synthesis. two genetic variants, a and f, have been identified as strong and weak alleles based on a production of 3.5 and 0.45 g/l of alpha s1-casein per allele. the aim of the trial was to test whether goats can select their diet as a function of their genetic aptitude to produce milk at different casein levels and whether this selection can influence milk production or composition. two groups of 8 animals, homozyg ... | 2009 | 19281625 |
| stem nematode-fusarium wilt complex in alfalfa as related to irrigation management at harvest time. | a high moisture level in the top 10 cm of soil at time of cutting of alfalfa increased the incidence of plant mortality and fusarium wilt in soil infested with ditylenchus dipsaci and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis in greenhouse and field microplot studies. ranger alfalfa, susceptible to both d. dipsaci and f. oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis, was less persistent than moapa 69 (nematode susceptible and fusarium wilt resistant) and lahontan alfalfa (nematode resistant with low fusarium wilt re ... | 1992 | 19283002 |
| influence of selected plant species on hatching of eggs and development of juveniles of heterodera glycines. | the influence of selected plant species on egg hatch and subsequent development of heterodera glycines race 3 was investigated. plants tested included four soybean cultivars, red clover, alfalfa, hairy vetch, field corn, sweet corn, cabbage, tobacco, cotton, and wheat. soybean stimulated egg hatching more than any of the other plant species, with h. glycines-resistant cultivars being more stimulating than susceptible ones. hairy vetch also increased hatch. roots of cabbage, red clover, alfalfa, ... | 1991 | 19283087 |
| penetration of celery and alfalfa roots by pratylenchus penetrans as affected by temperature. | a greater percentage of females than juveniles or males of p. penetrans penetrated celery roots grown in infested soil at 5, 18, or 30 c; the difference was greatest at 5 c. the time of initial penetration of alfalfa seedlings inoculated with single nematodes on water agar varied with temperature. females penetrated the seedlings earlier and over a wider range of temperatures than did males or juveniles. the rate of penetration was highest for females. after initial penetration, the penetration ... | 1991 | 19283112 |
| efficacy of oxamyl coated on alfalfa seed with a polymer sticker in pratylenchus and meloidogyne infested soils. | a polymer sticker was used as a coating in which oxamyl was applied to seeds of alfalfa cultivar saranac for the control of pratylenchus penetrans and meloidogyne hapla. the sticker, diluted 1:1 (sticker:water) to 1:5, delayed seedling emergence during the first 4 days after planting. by day 13, however, emergence from all sticker treatments was comparable to the control. shoot growth of seedlings at day 21 was less than that of the control only from seeds coated with a 1:1 dilution; root growth ... | 1989 | 19287603 |
| ultrastructural pathology of cells affected by pratylenchus penetrans in alfalfa roots. | cortical parenchyma cells penetrated and fed upon by pratylenchus penetrans for 48 hours contained only cytoplasmic debris. proximal cells had an increase in tannin deposits, degenerated mitochondria, increased numbers of ribosomes, and no internal membrane structure. often the endodermis was collapsed and contained massive tannin deposits on the inner cell wall and cell lumen. similar observations were made in the stele, except tannin deposits were not as prominent. multivesicnlate structures w ... | 1989 | 19287649 |