| comparison of bacterial pellets and microbial markers for the estimation of the microbial nitrogen and amino acids flows from single flow continuous culture fermenters fed diets containing two-stage olive cake. | the effects of using effluent bacteria (eb) and solid- (sab) and liquid- (lab) associated bacteria and diaminopimelic acid (dapa) or purine bases (pb) and partially substituting alfalfa hay (ah) by a concentrate including olive cake on the microbial n flow (mnf) and amino acids (aa) flow were investigated with continuous culture fermenters fed ah and a mixture of ah and a concentrate containing barley grains and two-stage olive cake (2:1 ratio) without (ahco) or with polyethylene glycol (peg) (a ... | 2009 | 18537852 |
| plasma amino acid profile and expression of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway in lambs with induced metabolic acidosis. | metabolic acidosis is a condition often induced by ruminal acidosis. identification of the specific proteolytic pathways affected by metabolic acidosis and characterization of aa concentration changes induced by metabolic acidosis in ruminants has yet to be confirmed. the objective of this study was to examine the effect of nutritionally induced metabolic acidosis on lamb plasma aa and tissue variables, including mrna and protein expression of components of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pat ... | 2008 | 18539839 |
| influence of slice baling on feeding value of alfalfa hay in receiving and finishing diets for feedlot cattle. | three studies were conducted to evaluate the feeding value of slice alfalfa hay in feedlot diets. in exp. 1, 108 steer calves (183.1 +/- 1.2 kg initial bw; 6 pens/treatment) were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effect of baling method on performance and morbidity of newly received calves. the study lasted 28 d. treatments consisted of a 65% concentrate receiving diet containing 1) ground or 2) slice alfalfa hay. steer calves were fed daily at 0800 h. animals also received ... | 2008 | 18539841 |
| effect of a preparation containing lactic fermentation bacteria on the hygienic status and aerobic stability of silages. | the objective of this study was to determine the influence of biological silage additive (bonsilage) on the hygiene quality and nutritive value of maize and grass-legume silages. the experiments were conducted on fao 240 maize (zea mays l.) and a mixture of italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum l.), 50% with alfalfa (medicago media pers.), 50%. group 1 was a control and comprised silage without any additives, group 2 was ensiled with the addition of 4 cm3 kg(-1) biological silage additive. after ... | 2008 | 18540206 |
| chelation of molybdenum in medicago sativa (alfalfa) grown on reclaimed mine tailings. | extraction and analytical procedures were developed from 1999 to 2005 for the chemical investigation of molybdenum (mo) in aerial portions of alfalfa ( medicago sativa l.) grown on a reclaimed mine tailings site at the highland valley copper mine in british columbia, canada. the purification procedures were guided by colorimetric analyses specific for mo. the mo levels in freeze-dried plant samples exceeded 100 ppm, which is more than 20 times the maximum level recommended for livestock feed. in ... | 2008 | 18543934 |
| effects of chromium picolinate on micronucleus frequency and morphology of lymphocytes in calves. | we report the effects of chromium picolinate (crpic) on micronucleus frequency, morphology of lymphocytes, and lipid peroxidation in calves. twenty-four holstein calves were selected for the study. they were kept in a farm and were fed a commercially available calf diet and alfalfa, ad libitum. the animals were divided into three groups of eight subjects each and were treated as follows: the first group was supplemented with a daily dose of 200 microg cr as chromium picolinate; a second group re ... | 2008 | 18545946 |
| the gntr-type regulators gtra and gtrb affect cell growth and nodulation of sinorhizobium meliloti. | gntr-type transcriptional regulators are involved in the regulation of various biological processes in bacteria, but little is known about their functions in sinorhizobium meliloti. here, we identified two gntr-type transcriptional regulator genes, gtra and gtrb, from s. meliloti strain 1021. both the gtra1 mutant and the gtrb1 mutant had lower growth rates and maximal cell yields on rich and minimal media, as well as lower cell motility on swimming plates, than did the wild-type strain. both mu ... | 2008 | 18545962 |
| regulation and characterization of thermobifida fusca carbohydrate-binding module proteins e7 and e8. | e7, a single domain family 33 cellulose binding module (cbm) protein, and e8, a non-catalytic, three-domain protein consisting of a family 33 cbm, a fniii domain, followed by a family 2 cbm, were cloned, expressed, purified, and characterized. western blots showed that e7 and e8 were induced and secreted when thermobifida fusca was grown on cellobiose, solka floc, switchgrass, or alfalfa as well as on beta-1,3 linked glucose molecules such as laminaribiose or pachyman. e8 bound well to alpha- an ... | 2008 | 18553392 |
| perchlorate in the feed-dairy continuum of the southwestern united states. | perchlorate has the potential to cause thyroid dysfunction by inhibiting iodide uptake by the sodium iodide symporter. perchlorate-contaminated waters may lead to human exposure through drinking water and food chain transfer in crops by way of irrigation water. perchlorate has been found in dairy milk collected nationally and internationally. this study was conducted to evaluate perchlorate in the feed-dairy continuum in the southwestern united states. all feed products collected at dairies in t ... | 2008 | 18553887 |
| the promiscuous evolutionary history of the family bromoviridae. | recombination and segment reassortment are important contributors to the standing genetic variation of rna viruses and are often involved in the genesis of new, emerging viruses. this study explored the role played by these two processes in the evolutionary radiation of the plant virus family bromoviridae. the evolutionary history of this family has been explored previously using standard molecular phylogenetic methods, but incongruences have been found among the trees inferred from different ge ... | 2008 | 18559945 |
| nutrient demand interacts with forage family to affect intake and digestion responses in dairy cows. | the effect of feed intake in the preliminary period on responses to diets containing alfalfa silage or orchardgrass silage was evaluated using 8 ruminally and duodenally cannulated holstein cows in a crossover design experiment with a 14-d preliminary period and two 15-d treatment periods. responses measured were dmi, rates of fiber digestion and passage, and milk production. cows were 139 +/- 83 (mean +/- sd) d in milk at the beginning of the preliminary period. during the preliminary period, 3 ... | 2008 | 18565928 |
| influence of carbohydrate source on ruminal fermentation characteristics, performance, and microbial protein synthesis in dairy cows. | eight multiparous holstein cows (676 +/- 57 kg of body weight; 121 +/- 17 d-in-milk) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design to determine the effects of 4 sources of carbohydrate on milk yield and composition, ruminal fermentation, and microbial n flow to the duodenum. four cows in one of the latin squares were fitted with permanent ruminal cannulae. diets contained (dm basis) 50% forage in combinations of alfalfa hay and barley silage, and 50% concentrate. the concentrate portion of ... | 2008 | 18565931 |
| effects of non-feed removal molting methods on egg quality traits in commercial brown egg laying hens in turkey. | non-feed removal molting programme in commercial brown laying hens and its influence on pre-molting, post-molting and end of cycle egg quality traits were investigated. overall 54 birds were randomly divided into three treatment groups and each group was fed with one of the following diets during 10 days of molting period: (i) grain barley, (ii) alfalfa meal, or (iii) commercial layer ration (non-molted control group). eggs obtained from groups in pre-molting, post-molting and end of cycle perio ... | 2008 | 18575968 |
| the influence of a fructooligosaccharide prebiotic combined with alfalfa molt diets on the gastrointestinal tract fermentation, salmonella enteritidis infection, and intestinal shedding in laying hens. | molting is a natural process, which birds undergo to rejuvenate their reproductive organs. the us poultry egg production industry has used feed withdrawal to effectively induce molt; however, susceptibility of salmonella enteritidis has encouraged the development of alternative methods. previous research conducted in our laboratory showed that alfalfa is effective at molt induction and provides equivalent postmolt production numbers and quality when compared with feed withdrawal. in the attempt ... | 2008 | 18577603 |
| in vitro fermentation response of laying hen cecal bacteria to combinations of fructooligosaccharide prebiotics with alfalfa or a layer ration. | the objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of combining a prebiotic with alfalfa on fermentation by laying hen cecal bacteria. cecal contents from laying hens were diluted to a 1:3,000 concentration with an anaerobic dilution solution and added to serum tubes filled with ground alfalfa or a layer ration with or without fructooligosaccharide (fos) prebiotic. samples were processed in an anaerobic hood, pressurized by using a pressure manifold, and incubated at 37 degrees c. ... | 2008 | 18577604 |
| rhizobium multihospitium sp. nov., isolated from multiple legume species native of xinjiang, china. | thirty-one rhizobial strains isolated from nodules of legumes native of xinjiang, china, were characterized. these strains were classified as belonging to the genus rhizobium based on amplified 16s rdna restriction analysis (ardra). the strains were distinguished from recognized rhizobium species using analysis of 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacers (igs-rflp), sds-page analysis of whole proteins and box-pcr; the test strains always formed a distinct cluster with patterns that were quite different f ... | 2008 | 18599718 |
| accumulation of overproduced ferritin in the chloroplast provides protection against photoinhibition induced by low temperature in tobacco plants. | wild-type tobacco plants (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. petit havanna line sr1) and plants transformed with full-length alfalfa ferritin cdna with the chloroplast transit peptide under the control of a rubisco small subunit gene promoter (c3 and c8) were cold-treated at 0 degrees c with continuous light (250 micromol m(-2)s(-1)). these transgenic plants had higher chlorophyll content and higher f(v)/f(m) chlorophyll-a fluorescence induction parameters than wild-type plants after 2 or 3d of cold treat ... | 2008 | 18602722 |
| enhancement of infectivity by combination of two ribonucleic acid components from alfalfa mosaic virus. | rna was extracted from alfalfa mosaic virus 425. infectivity was determined in density gradient fractions and in all possible combinations of two fractions. certain combinations were remarkably infectious. this led to the purification through two cycles of sucrose gradient centrifugation of a 27 s and a 14 s rna, from bottom component and top component a, respectively. the purified bottom component rna had a low infectivity; when purified top component a rna was added, infectivity increased cons ... | 1967 | 18614088 |
| in vivo influence of cyanobacterial toxins on enzyme activity and gene expression of protein phosphatases in alfalfa (medicago sativa). | irrigation of crop plants with surface water can be a threat if cyanobacterial toxins are present in the water. cyanotoxins are known to cause adverse effects in plants. microcystin (mc), a cyclic heptapeptide, with more than 70 structural variants, is a frequently occurring toxin. mc is a specific inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1 and 2a), important regulatory enzymes in eukaryotic cells. protein phosphatases consist of a catalytic subunit and one or more regulato ... | 2008 | 18620722 |
| inhibition of bacillus cereus and bacillus weihenstephanensis in raw vegetables by application of washing solutions containing enterocin as-48 alone and in combination with other antimicrobials. | enterocin as-48 is a broad-spectrum cyclic antimicrobial peptide produced by enterococcus faecalis. in the present study, the bacteriocin was tested alone and in combination with other antimicrobials for decontamination of bacillus inoculated on alfalfa, soybean sprouts and green asparagus. washing with enterocin as-48 solutions reduced viable cell counts of bacillus cereus and bacillus weihenstephanensis by 1.0-1.5 and by 1.5-2.38 log units right after application of treatment, respectively. in ... | 2008 | 18620967 |
| differentiation of legume carlaviruses based on their biochemical properties. | nucleic acids of alfalfa latent virus (alv), pea streak virus (psv), and red clover vein mosaic virus (rcvmv) were hydrolyzed by pancreatic rnase but not by dnase. alv and psv each had one single-stranded rna of 38.0 and 37.6 s, respectively, whereas two single-stranded rnas of 39.1 and 12-15 s were found in the rcvmv preparations. the average apparent molecular weights obtained by sedimentation and electrophoresis of formalinized alv-rna, psv-rna, and the large rna of rcvmv were 2.45, 2.55, and ... | 1977 | 18625493 |
| significance of coprophagy for the fatty acid profile in body tissues of rabbits fed different diets. | four groups of eight new zealand hybrid rabbits were fattened with ad libitum access to the following pelleted experimental diets: ryegrass meal or alfalfa meal fed either alone or with oats meal in a ratio of 1:1. after 25 weeks they were slaughtered and dissected. fatty acid (fa) profiles of caecotrophs (re-ingested fermentation products of the caecum), perirenal adipose tissue and intramuscular fat in the musculus quadriceps were determined. with high proportions of branched-chain fa (bfa) an ... | 2008 | 18626678 |
| specificity of in vitro reconstitution of bromegrass mosaic virus. | bromegrass mosaic virus (bmv) rna was allowed to compete with yeast trna or alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rna for in vitro encapsidation by bmv protein. various proportions of 32p-labeled foreign rnas were added to a reassembly mixture (bmv protein: bmv rna, 4:1) and the reassembly products were observed by analytical and rate-zonal sedimentation, and the rna contents of the nucleocapsids were examined by gel electrophoresis. incubation of bmv protein with trna alone produced 56 s particles contain ... | 1979 | 18627894 |
| poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) supports survival and reproduction in starving rhizobia. | the carbon that rhizobia in root nodules receive from their host powers both n(2) fixation, which mainly benefits the host, and rhizobium reproduction. rhizobia also store energy in the lipid poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb), which may enhance rhizobium survival when they are carbon limited, either in nodules or in the soil between hosts. there can be a conflict of interest between rhizobia and legumes over the rate of phb accumulation, due to a metabolic tradeoff between n(2) fixation and phb accum ... | 2008 | 18631180 |
| replication of alfalfa mosaic virus rna: evidence for a soluble replicase in healthy and infected tobacco leaves. | soluble rna-dependent rna polymerases from healthy and alfalfa mosaic virus (amv)-infected leaves were purified more than 400-fold from the 100,000g supernatant of leaf homogenates, using ammonium sulfate precipitation, sephadex g-100 filtration, and chromatography on deae sephadex a25 and p11-phosphocellulose. the deae-chromatography step eliminated host poly(u)polymerase-like activity, cellular rnases, and endogenous rna, yielding a typical rna-dependent rna polymerase ("deae-enzyme") which wa ... | 1980 | 18631630 |
| activation of the genome of alfalfa mosaic virus is enhanced by the presence of the coat protein on all three genome parts. | the same amount of coat protein stimulates the infectivity of alfalfa mosaic virus rna more when added to the three genome rnas at once than when preincubated with one or two genome rnas separately before the inoculum is completed. this suggests that the coat protein activates the genome by interacting with all three parts of it. it could not be demonstrated that infectivity is absolutely dependent on this multiple activation because of the possible exchange of protein between rna molecules in t ... | 1980 | 18631668 |
| limited sequence variation in the leader sequence of rna 4 from several strains of alfalfa mosaic virus. | the sequences of the 5'-noncoding regions of rna 4 of seven strains of alfalfa mosaic virus were compared. in each case, the coat protein cistron was preceded by a leader sequence of 39 nucleotides (including the initiator codon). at position 26, an a-, g-, or u-residue was found. otherwise the leader sequences are identical. | 1980 | 18631714 |
| presence and potential for horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance in oxidase-positive bacteria populating raw salad vegetables. | to assess whether domestically grown fresh salad vegetables constitute a possible reservoir of antibiotic resistance for canadian consumers, aerobic bacteria capable of forming colonies at 30 degrees c on nutrient-limited media were recovered from a single sampling of romaine lettuce, savoy spinach and alfalfa sprouts, then examined for their susceptibility to ten antibiotics and the carriage of potentially mobile r-plasmids and integrons. of the 140 isolates resistant to one or more antibiotic, ... | 2008 | 18632174 |
| evidence for the absence of swelling of alfalfa mosaic virions. | the stability of the quaternary structure of bottom and top components of alfalfa mosaic virus (respectively amv-b and amv-ta-t) in the ph range 5.5 to 7.8 and at ionic concentrations of 0.01 and 0.1 m has been investigated using small-angle x-ray scattering and photon correlation spectroscopy. the x-ray scattering curves show no significant changes over the angular range measured (to a resolution of 1 100 a (-1)) under the various solvent conditions; the radius of gyration of amv-ta-t is consta ... | 1981 | 18635037 |
| lack of serological relationship between the 35k nonstructural protein of alfalfa mosaic virus and the corresponding proteins of three other plant viruses with a tripartite genome. | alfalfa mosaic virus rna 3 was translated in the mrna-dependent rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. the 35k translational protein was partly purified and used to raise antibodies. the antibodies obtained reacted with the 35k protein directed by amv rna 3 but not with the corresponding proteins directed by rnas from three other viruses with a tripartite genome (tobacco streak, cucumber mosaic, and brome mosaic). | 1981 | 18635042 |
| evidence that alfalfa mosaic virus infection starts with three rna-protein complexes. | the tripartite genome of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) needs to be activated by its coat protein. to establish whether coat protein exerts its role by interacting structurally with one, two, or all three amv-rna species, the infectivity of mixtures of rna-protein complexes with free rnas were studied (smit and jaspars, virology 104, 454-461, 1980). these studies were not fully conclusive since some redistribution of coat protein does occur as soon as rnas are brought into contact with rna-protein c ... | 1981 | 18635065 |
| evidence that rna 4 of alfalfa mosaic virus does not replicate autonomously. | a mutant (tbts7) of alfalfa mosaic virus, the coat protein of which is unable to activate the viral genome (the rna species 1, 2, and 3, which need some coat protein for infectivity) at 30 degrees , can be rescued at this temperature by adding to the inoculum wild-type rna 3 (the genome part that contains the coat protein cistron), but not adding wild-type rna 4 (the subgenomic messenger for the coat protein). unless rna 3 of tbts 7 has a second ts mutation at a site not occurring in rna 4, it m ... | 1982 | 18635120 |
| root-microbe communication through protein secretion. | biotic interactions in the rhizosphere are biologically important, and although many of those interactions have been well studied, the role of secreted proteins in the cross-talk between microbes and roots has not been investigated. here, protein secretion was studied during the communication between the roots of two plants (medicago sativa and arabidopsis thaliana) and the bacterial symbiont of one of these species (sinorhizobium meliloti strain rm1021) and an opportunistic bacterial pathogen o ... | 2008 | 18635546 |
| replication of temperature-sensitive mutants of alfalfa mosaic virus in protoplasts. | six mutants of alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv), previously found to have conditionally lethal defects when inoculated to tobacco leaf discs, were assayed for a temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype in cowpea protoplasts. at 30 degrees the virus production of four mutants was less than 10% of that obtained at 25 degrees , whereas wild-type aimv multiplied with similar efficiencies at both temperatures. supplementation experiments performed in protoplasts with two mutants indicated the presence of muta ... | 1983 | 18638887 |
| time course of alfalfa mosaic virus rna and coat protein synthesis in cowpea protoplasts. | a study was made of the time course of the synthesis of viral plus-strand rna, minus-strand rna, and coat protein in alfalfa mosaic virus-infected cowpea protoplasts. the three genomic rnas were synthesized at different rates, as were their corresponding minus-strands. we conclude that viral rna synthesis is regulated both at the level of minus-strand production and the level of plus-strand production. the synthesis of subgenomic rna 4 was slower than that of its corresponding genomic rna (rna 3 ... | 1983 | 18638888 |
| a mutant of alfalfa mosaic virus with an unusual structure. | a spontaneous mutant of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) with an altered structure is described. by analysis of pseudorecombinants the mutation(s) responsible for the altered structure were assigned to rna 3. by in vitro translation and serology it is shown that both proteins (35k protein and coat protein) encoded by rna 3 are changed. the mutation(s) present in rna 3 also have an effect on the ratio of the three genomic rnas, both in virion as well as in double-stranded rna preparations. compared to ... | 1983 | 18638937 |
| removal of the n-terminal part of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein interferes with the specific binding to rna 1 and genome activation. | trypsinized coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus lacking 25 amino acids at its n terminus still has the capability to form complexes with rna which are detectable by sedimentation in sucrose gradients. however, it does not protect specific sites on the rna against degradation by ribonuclease, as the native coat protein does (d. zuidema, m. f. a. bierhuizen, b. j. c. cornelissen, j. f. bol, and e. m. j. jaspars (1983) virology 125, 361-369.). the trypsinized coat protein has lost the capacity of ... | 1983 | 18639115 |
| virus protein synthesis in alfalfa mosaic virus infected alfalfa protoplasts. | four proteins unique to virus infection were synthesized in alfalfa mosaic virus-infected alfalfa mesophyll protoplasts. these proteins, p1, p2, p3, and coat protein comigrated on electrophoresis with the major in vitro translation products of rna 1, rna 2, rna 3, and rna 4, respectively. p1, p3, and coat protein were observed at 5 hr post inoculation; p2 was detected at 9 hr post inoculation. the three nonstructural proteins accumulated most rapidly early in infection until about 15 hr post ino ... | 1983 | 18639174 |
| comparative investigations on the coat protein binding sites of the genomic rnas of alfalfa mosaic and tobacco streak viruses. | the genomic rnas of alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) and tobacco streak virus (tsv) form complexes with viral coat protein. these complexes were subjected to digestion with ribonuclease t1 and filtered onto millipore filters. it was shown that the major coat protein binding sites are located at the 3' ends of the genomic rna species of aimv and tsv in both heterologous and homologous rna-coat protein combinations. internal coat protein binding sites were found as well. although there is homology betw ... | 1984 | 18639816 |
| minimum requirements for specific binding of rna and coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus. | coat protein-protected fragments of alfalfa mosaic virus rna (almv-rna) and tobacco streak virus rna (tsv-rna), which were isolated as described [d. zuidema, m. f. a. bierhuizen, b. j. c. cornelissen, j. f. bol, and e. m. j. jaspars (1983)virology, 125, 361-369], were tested for their ability to rebind almv coat protein in the presence of an excess of escherichia coli trna by means of a nitrocellulose filter retention assay. in order to obtain the minimum requirements for coat protein binding, a ... | 1984 | 18639820 |
| nonstructural alfalfa mosaic virus rna-coded proteins present in tobacco leaf tissue. | the proteins synthesized under the direction of alfalfa mosaic virus rnas in tobacco leaves have been examined under conditions of suppressed host protein synthesis. besides the coat protein we could detect a 22k (k = apparent molecular weight in thousands), a 35k, and a set of 54k proteins. the 22k protein is serologically related to the coat protein. the 35k protein comigrated with the 35k protein whose synthesis is directed by rna 3 in vitro the 54k proteins are serologically related to the 3 ... | 1984 | 18639831 |
| specificity of rna and coat protein interaction in alfalfa mosaic virus and related viruses. | well-defined coat protein binding sites were found to be present on the genomic rnas of almv and tsv. in view of the regulatory importance of these sites in virus multiplication, the possibility that nonrelated proteins also were able to interact with these sites was investigated. the coat proteins of tsv, bmv, cmv, and sbmv recognize specific sites on almv rna 1. the significance of these sites in virus multiplication is discussed. no specific binding sites were found with tmv coat protein or t ... | 1985 | 18639837 |
| alfalfa mosaic virus temperature-sensitive mutants. i. mutants defective in viral rna and protein synthesis. | the replication in cowpea protoplasts of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) was studied at the permissive (25 degrees) and the restrictive (30 degrees) temperature. using the northern blot hybridization technique, it was shown that at the restrictive temperature two rna 1 mutants, bts 03 and bts 04, and two rna 2 mutants, mts 03 and mts 04, were all defective in the synthesis of viral minus-strand rna, whereas the synthesis of the plus-strand genomic rnas 1, 2, and ... | 1985 | 18639838 |
| alfalfa mosaic virus temperature-sensitive mutants. ii. early functions encoded by rnas 1 and 2. | mutants bts 03 and mts 04 of alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) have temperature-sensitive mutations in genomic rnas 1 and 2, respectively. these mutants are defective in the production of viral minus-strand rna, coat protein, and infectious virus when assayed in cowpea protoplasts at the nonpermissive temperature (30 degrees). to determine the temperature-sensitive step in the replication cycle, mutant-infected protoplasts were shifted from an incubation temperature of 25 degrees (permissive temperatu ... | 1985 | 18639839 |
| human interferon does not protect cowpea plant cell protoplasts against infection with alfalfa mosaic virus. | orchansky et al. (p. orchansky, m. rubenstein, and i. sela), proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 79, 2278-2280, 1982) reported that natural and recombinant human interferon (huifn), e.g., huifn-beta and -alpha subspecies gamma3, protects plant cells from infection with a plant virus (tobacco mosaic virus). for their study they used tobacco leaf discs as well as tobacco protoplasts. it is now reported that recombinant huifn-beta and huifn-alpha2 do not significantly decrease alfalfa mosaic virus increase ... | 1985 | 18639858 |
| expression of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 4 cdna transcripts in vitro and in vivo. | copies of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rna 4 synthesized by transcription in vitro were shown to be biologically active in protoplasts when inoculated together with a mixture of amv rnas 1, 2, and 3. a 5' cap was essential for activity, whereas 15 nonviral nucleotides at the 5' end of the rna transcripts did not detectably affect activity. transcripts that terminated 65 nucleotides from the 3' end of the coding region and transcripts that lacked all or part of the 3'-noncoding region were effectiv ... | 1985 | 18640556 |
| artifacts are responsible for the translational activity of polyribosome preparations isolated from alfalfa mosaic virus-infected tobacco leaves. | we observed that polyribosome preparations isolated from alfalfa mosaic virus (a1mv)-infected tobacco leaves were contaminated with virion-derived material which could not be removed completely by sucrose gradient centrifugation or by magnesium ion precipitation. upon incubation of polyribosome preparations with s 100 extracts from reticulocyte lysates, viral-encoded proteins were produced. aurintricarboxylic acid (ata), an inhibitor of initiation of translation, was used to inhibit de novo tran ... | 1985 | 18640561 |
| swelling of isometric and of bacilliform plant virus nucleocapsids is required for virus-specific protein synthesis in vitro. | encapsidated rna of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv), brome mosaic virus (bmv), alfalfa mosaic virus, and southern bean mosaic virus can act as templates for protein synthesis when preswollen virions are added to a wheat germ extract, or when unswollen virions swell in the extract. encapsidated rna of turnip yellow mosaic virus, whose particles are unlikely to swell under the conditions used here, did not act as a template. ccmv and bmv, swollen in the extract, gave relatively more rna 1 and ... | 1986 | 18640565 |
| alfalfa mosaic virus temperature-sensitive mutants. iii. mutants with a putative defect in cell-to-cell transport. | forty-five mutants of alfalfa mosaic virus with a temperature-sensitive (ts) replication in tobacco leaf discs were assayed in cowpea protoplasts at 25 and 30 degrees . the extent of replication of 9 mutants at 30 degrees was less than 10% of that at 25 degrees, whereas the replication of 14 mutants was not affected at 30 degrees. twenty-two mutants showed an intermediate ts behavior. several mutants with a non-ts phenotype in cowpea protoplasts were also found to be non-ts in their replication ... | 1986 | 18640651 |
| variable repeats and poly (a)-stretches in the leader sequence of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 3. | the complete nucleotide sequence of rna 3 of the l strain of alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) was deduced and the 5'-terminal sequence of rna 3 of the s-strain was revised. a comparison of the rna sequences of almv strains l, s, and m showed that a sequence of 27 to 30 nucleotides is repeated two times in the 5' noncoding regions of all strains. in addition, sequences of 56 and 75 nucleotides are duplicated in the leaders of strain s and l, respectively. an a-rich sequence of 10 nucleotides, present ... | 1986 | 18640652 |
| effect of body condition on consumption of pine needles (pinus ponderosa) by beef cows. | we determined whether cows in low (lbc) or high body condition (hbc) would consume different amounts of green pine needles (pinus ponderosa). cows (mature; open hereford and hereford x angus) were fed a maintenance basal diet (alfalfa pellets) for exp. 1 and 2; during exp. 3 and 4, cows were fed high-protein and high-energy diets, respectively. experiment 5 was a grazing study on rangeland during winter in south dakota; diets were determined by using bite counts. mean bcs (1 = emaciated, 9 = obe ... | 2008 | 18641173 |
| altered balance of the synthesis of plus- and minus-strand rnas induced by rnas 1 and 2 of alfalfa mosaic virus in the absence of rna 3. | the synthesis of viral plus-strand and minus-strand rnas in cowpea protoplasts inoculated with mixtures of alfalfa mosaic virus nucleoproteins (b, m, tb, and ta) was analyzed by the northern blotting technique. a mixture of b, m, and tb induced the synthesis of plus-strand rnas 1, 2, 3, and 4 and three minus-strand rnas corresponding to rnas 1, 2, and 3, respectively. compared to this complete infection, a mixture of b and m induced the synthesis of a reduced amount of plus-strand rnas 1 and 2 a ... | 1983 | 18644274 |
| expression of alfalfa mosaic virus and tobacco rattle virus coat protein genes in transgenic tobacco plants. | using the agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector system, a chimeric gene consisting of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35 s promoter, alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) coat protein (cp) cistron, and the nopaline synthase polyadenylation signal was integrated into the genome of nicotiana tabacum cv. samsun nn. in 70% of the transgenic tobacco plants the chimeric mrna and its translation product could be detected. cp accumulated to levels up to 0.05% of the soluble leaf protein. the accumulation was indep ... | 1987 | 18644569 |
| non-structural proteins and rnas of alfalfa mosaic virus synthesized in tobacco and cowpea protoplasts. | three proteins, reacting specifically with sera raised against synthetic peptides identical to c-terminal amino acid sequences in alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) proteins p1, p2, and p3 translated in vitro from the aimv rnas 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were for the first time observed in tobacco and cowpea protoplasts. part of p2 is post-translationally modified in protoplasts, because the anti-p2 serum reacted also with a protein migrating slower than p2 itself. the modification reported for p3 in i ... | 1987 | 18644580 |
| utilization of kura clover-reed canarygrass silage versus alfalfa silage by lactating dairy cows. | the mixture of kura clover (trifolium ambiguum m. bieb.) and reed canarygrass (phalaris arundinacea l.) has proven to be extremely persistent in the northern united states, but information about dairy cow performance on this mixture is lacking. twenty lactating holstein cows were used in a crossover design to compare dry matter (dm) intake and milk production from diets containing kura clover-reed canarygrass silage (krs) or alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) silage (as). forages were cut, wilted, ens ... | 2008 | 18650290 |
| fattening performance and feed source preference of native awassi lambs fed individually in a cafeteria feeding system. | this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cafeteria (cf) and conventional (cn) feeding systems on feed intake, feed preferences with respect to voluntary feed source intake, feed conversion rate (fcr) and fattening performance of native awassi lambs. sixteen, 3 month old male lambs were used and kept individually for 70 days. lambs in cf (n = 8) were offered to consume the main ingredients of barley, soybean meal (sbm), sunflower seed meal (sfm) and alfalfa straw, separately, wh ... | 2009 | 18670902 |
| ntp toxicity report of reproductive dose range-finding study of genistein (cas no. 446-72-0) administered in feed to sprague-dawley rats. | genistein is a naturally occurring isoflavone that interacts with estrogen receptors and multiple other molecular targets. human exposure to genistein is predominantly through consumption of soy products, including soy-based infant formula and dietary supplements. a series of short-term studies with genistein was conducted with two goals: 1) to obtain data necessary to establish dose levels for subsequent multigeneration reproductive and chronic toxicity studies and 2) to evaluate the effects of ... | 2007 | 18685712 |
| ntp multigenerational reproductive study of genistein (cas no. 446-72-0) in sprague-dawley rats (feed study). | genistein is a naturally occurring isoflavone that interacts with estrogen receptors and multiple other molecular targets. human exposure to genistein is predominantly through consumption of soy products, including soy-based infant formula and dietary supplements. consumption of soy and genistein has been associated with a variety of beneficial effects in animals and humans, but concerns have also been raised concerning potential adverse effects of genistein, particularly with regard to reproduc ... | 2008 | 18685713 |
| influence of diet and water supply on mineral content and ph within the large intestine of horses with enterolithiasis. | to determine the effects of two diets and water supplies on intestinal ph and mineral concentrations in the colon of horses, and to identify whether differences in these parameters exist in horses with and without enterolithiasis, surgical fistulation of the right dorsal colon was performed in six adult horses, three with and three without enterolithiasis. each horse underwent four feeding trials: grass hay and untreated water, alfalfa hay and untreated water, grass hay with filtered/softened wa ... | 2009 | 18694650 |
| auxotrophy accounts for nodulation defect of most sinorhizobium meliloti mutants in the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway. | some sinorhizobium meliloti mutants in genes involved in isoleucine, valine, and leucine biosynthesis were previously described as being unable to induce nodule formation on host plants. here, we present a reappraisal of the interconnection between the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway and the nodulation process in s. meliloti. we characterized the symbiotic phenotype of seven mutants that are auxotrophic for isoleucine, valine, or leucine in two closely related s. meliloti strains, ... | 2008 | 18700827 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti mutants deficient in phosphatidylserine decarboxylase accumulate phosphatidylserine and are strongly affected during symbiosis with alfalfa. | sinorhizobium meliloti contains phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) as major membrane lipids. pe is formed in two steps. in the first step, phosphatidylserine synthase (pss) condenses serine with cdp-diglyceride to form phosphatidylserine (ps), and in the second step, ps is decarboxylated by phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (psd) to form pe. in this study we identified the sinorhizobial psd gene coding for psd. a sinorhizobial mutant deficien ... | 2008 | 18708506 |
| alfalfa benefits from medicago truncatula: the rct1 gene from m. truncatula confers broad-spectrum resistance to anthracnose in alfalfa. | alfalfa is economically the most important forage legume worldwide. a recurrent challenge to alfalfa production is the significant yield loss caused by disease. although knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying host resistance should facilitate the genetic improvement of alfalfa, the acquisition of such knowledge is hampered by alfalfa's tetrasomic inheritance and outcrossing nature. however, alfalfa is congeneric with the reference legume medicago truncatula, providing an opportunity to use ... | 2008 | 18719113 |
| comparison of the stress response of listeria monocytogenes strains with sprout colonization. | twenty-nine strains of the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes were tested for their ability to colonize alfalfa, radish, and broccoli sprouts and their capacity to withstand acid and oxidative stress, two stresses common to the sprouting environment. wide variation in the ability of different strains to colonize alfalfa sprouts were confirmed, but the variations among radish and broccoli sprouts were not as large. with a few exceptions, strains that were poor colonizers of alfalfa tended ... | 2008 | 18724748 |
| regeneration of foreign genes co-transformed plants of medicago sativa l by agrobacterium rhizogenes. | gene encoding sulphur amino acid-rich protein (hnp) and rol genes were transferred into medicago sativa l (alfalfa) mediated by agrobacterium tumafeciens. regeneration of transgenic plants was induced successfully from hairy root tissue of cotyledon in alfalfa. cotyledon tissues were an ideally transformed recipient. there was a negative correlation between age of hairy roots and embryogenesis frequency in alfalfa. production of co-transformed plants with greater yield and super quality was impo ... | 2000 | 18726342 |
| an allelopathic substance in red pine needles (pinus densiflora). | aqueous methanol extracts of red pine (pinus densiflora) needles inhibited the growth of roots and shoots of cress (lepidium sativum), lettuce (lactuca sativa), alfalfa (medicago sativa), ryegrass (lolium multiflorum), timothy (pheleum pratense), digitaria sanguinalis and echinochloa crus-galli. increasing the extract concentration increased inhibition, suggesting that the pine needles may have growth inhibitory substances and possess allelopathic potential. the aqueous methanol extract of the p ... | 2009 | 18755523 |
| effect of supplementing urea-treated barley straw with lucerne or vetch hays on feed intake, digestibility and growth of arsi bale sheep. | the study was conducted at sinana agricultural research center, ethiopia to assess the supplementation of graded levels of vetch (vicia dasycarpa 'lana') and lucerne (medicago sativa,' hunter river') hay on feed intake, digestibility and body weight (bw) change of arsi-bale sheep fed urea treated barley straw (utbs). a 7 day- digestibility and a 90 day- feed intake trials were conducted using 28 and 35 sheep, respectively. the experimental design was a randomized complete block design with seven ... | 2009 | 18759063 |
| regeneration of intergeneric somatic hybrids by protoplast fusion between onobrychis viciaefolia and medicago sativa. | protoplast fusion was induced between sainfoin and alfalfa by an improved polyethyleneglycol (peg) method. the intergeneric somatic calluses were selected based on complementation of hydroxyproline-resistance of sainfoin and hormone autonomy growth of alfalfa transformation cell line. 17 somatic hybrid plantlets were regenerated. peg could induce the tight agglutination of protoplasts. during diluting and washing process, cyclization of the linked membrane and formation of vesicle-like structure ... | 1997 | 18762875 |
| a conjugated linoleic acid supplement containing trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid reduces milk fat synthesis in lactating goats. | the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (cla) supplements containing trans-10, cis-12 for reducing milk fat synthesis has been well described in dairy cows and sheep. studies on lactating goats, however, remain inconclusive. therefore, the current study investigated the efficacy of a lipid-encapsulated trans-10, cis-12 cla supplement (le-cla) on milk production and milk fatty acid profile in dairy goats. thirty multiparous alpine lactating goats in late lactation were used in a 3 x 3 latin square ... | 2008 | 18765588 |
| seasonal population dynamics of draeculacephala minerva (hemiptera: cicadellidae) and transmission of xylella fastidiosa. | the grass sharpshooter, draeculacephala minerva ball (hemiptera: cicadellidae), is a very common and often abundant grass-feeding leafhopper in california. its population dynamics and ability to transmit xylella fastidiosa were monitored over a 2-yr period in california's san joaquin valley. collections of individuals from natural populations in irrigated pastures and alfalfa, medicago savita l. fields adjacent to x. fastidiosa-infected almond (prunus spp.) orchards indicated the occurrence of t ... | 2008 | 18767716 |
| diversity of sinorhizobium strains nodulating medicago sativa from different iranian regions. | alfalfa is believed to have originated in north-western iran and has a long history of coexistence with its bacterial symbiont sinorhizobium in soils of iran. however, little is known about the diversity of sinorhizobium strains nodulating iranian alfalfa genotypes. in this study, sinorhizobium populations were sampled from eight different iranian sites using three cultivars of medicago sativa as trap host plants. a total of 982 rhizobial strains were isolated and species were identified showing ... | 2008 | 18783438 |
| rumen distension and contraction influence feed preference by sheep. | distension of the rumen limits feed intake by livestock. ruminal dysfunctions due to bloat, which causes distension by accumulation of excessive gas within the rumen, also reduce feeding. we hypothesized that excessive levels of rumen distension cause feed aversions and that preference increases for feeds eaten in association with recovery from bloat. to test these hypotheses, we determined whether 12 commercial crossbred lambs (average initial bw of 43 +/- 2 kg) could associate ingestion of spe ... | 2009 | 18791142 |
| effects of gamma irradiation on ruminal dm and ndf degradation kinetics of alfalfa hay. | the effects of gamma irradiation on ruminal dry matter, neutral detergent fiber (ndf) degradation of alfalfa hay were investigated. alfalfa hay samples were irradiated by gamma irradiator at doses of 50, 100 and 150 kgy under identical conditions of temperature and humidity. nylon bags of untreated or irradiated samples were suspended in the rumen of three taleshi bulls for up to 96 h and resulting data were fitted to non-linear degradation model to calculate degradation parameters. results indi ... | 2008 | 18819559 |
| the relative merit of ruminal undegradable protein from soybean meal or soluble fiber from beet pulp to improve nitrogen utilization in dairy cows. | early lactating dairy cows were used to determine whether the replacement of solvent-extracted soybean meal [ssbm; a source of rumen-degradable protein (rdp)] with expeller soybean meal (esbm; a source of rumen-undegradable protein), or the replacement of high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc) with beet pulp (a source of soluble fiber) would be effective in improving efficiency of n usage for milk production. the study was designed as a replicated 4 x 4 latin square with 21-d periods. eight multiparo ... | 2008 | 18832219 |
| alfalfa cut at sundown and harvested as baleage improves milk yield of late-lactation dairy cows. | alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) cut at sundown has been shown to contain greater concentration of total nonstructural carbohydrates (tnc) than that cut at sunup. fourteen multiparous (8 ruminally cannulated) and 2 primiparous lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned to 2 treatments in a crossover design (2 periods of 24 d) to investigate the effects of alfalfa daytime cutting management on ruminal metabolism, nutrient digestibility, n balance, and milk yield. half of each alfalfa field (total of ... | 2008 | 18832221 |
| short communication: the effects of histidine-supplemented drinking water on the performance of lactating dairy cows. | an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that a sufficient proportion of histidine (his) included in the drinking water of lactating cows bypasses the rumen to have an effect on milk synthesis. eight dairy cows (45 +/- 15 d in milk) were given either 0 or 2.5 g/l of his in the drinking water in a crossover design of two 7-d periods. cows were offered a corn and alfalfa silage-based total mixed ration for ad libitum intake. water was provided ad libitum to each cow in an individual auto ... | 2008 | 18832224 |
| interference of condensed tannin in lignin analyses of dry bean and forage crops. | legumes with high concentrations of condensed tannin (pinto bean [phaseolus vulgaris l.], sainfoin [onobrychis viciifolia scop.], and big trefoil [lotus uliginosus hoff.]), were compared to a selection of forages, with low or zero condensed tannin (smooth bromegrass [ bromus inermis leyss], lotus japonicus [regel] k. larsen, and alfalfa [medicago sativa l.]), using four methods to estimate fiber or lignin. protocols were validated by using semipurified condensed tannin polymers in adulteration a ... | 2008 | 18841900 |
| performance and carcass traits of finishing heifers fed crude glycerin. | crossbred heifers (n = 373; 421.6 kg +/- 28.9) were fed finishing diets containing 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, or 16% crude glycerin (dm basis). diets consisted of steam-flaked corn with 6% alfalfa hay and 1.2% urea and provided 300 mg of monensin, 90 mg of tylosin, and 0.5 mg of melengestrol acetate per animal daily. cattle were stratified by bw and allocated randomly, within strata, to concrete-surfaced feedlot pens each containing 6 to 7 heifers, with 9 pens per dietary treatment. cattle were transitione ... | 2009 | 18849392 |
| the use of dehydrated alfalfa meal and certain by-products of the fish and distilling industries in drylot rations of weanling pigs. | | 1947 | 18918591 |
| characterization of brucella abortus sigma factor sigma54 (rpon): genetic complementation of sinorhizobium meliloti ntra mutant. | the intracellular pathogen brucella abortus has an alternative sigma factor sigma54 (rpon) highly similar to sinorhizobium meliloti ntra. rpon was described to be required for the transcription of a wide range of genes involved in diverse physiological functions including the regulation of virulence-related factors in both plants and animal pathogens. b. abortus rpon gene restored the normal growth of an s. meliloti ntra mutant in minimal media with succinic acid as a sole carbon source as well ... | 2008 | 18926896 |
| fungal control of pathogenic fungi isolated from wild plants in taif governorate, saudia arabia. | twenty two plants were collected from taif governorate and identified as: euphorbia glomerifera, juniperus procera, launaea mucronata, capparis dcidua, punica granatum, opuntia ficus, prunus persica, eucalyptus globulus, medicago sativa, artemisia monosperma, trichodesma calathiforme, artemisia judaica, foeniculum vulgare, phagnalon sinaicum, rumex dentatus, asphodelus aestives, pulicaria crispa, launae sonchoides, forsskaolea tenacissima, arnebia hispidissima, avena spp and aerva lanata. pathog ... | 2007 | 18928069 |
| effects of alfalfa on lipoproteins and fatty streak formation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. | alfalfa (medicago sativa) is a leguminous plant with high contents of phytoestrogen and saponin which are both useful in preventing cardiovascular disorders. this study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of dietary alfalfa on the development and the progression of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits. twenty male rabbits were obtained and kept under standard conditions. after 2 weeks of accommodation to the new place, the animals were semi-randomly distributed into four groups o ... | 2008 | 18930871 |
| the effects of alfalfa-based molt diets on skeletal integrity of white leghorns. | sixty white leghorn hens were assigned to 1 of 6 treatments: pretrial control (pc), full fed (ff), 9-d feed withdrawal (fw), 90% alfalfa-10% layer ration (a90), 80% alfalfa-20% layer ration (a80), and 70% alfalfa/30% layer ration (a70). for the pc, hens were killed and bones collected immediately before light restriction. the ff hens were also subjected to light restriction. after hens were fasted or fed different molting treatment diets for 9 d, they were fed a maintenance diet for 14 d. at 23 ... | 2008 | 18931166 |
| translation inhibition of capped and uncapped viral rnas mediated by ribosome-inactivating proteins. | abstract ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) are n-glycosidases that remove specific purine residues from the sarcin/ricin (s/r) loop of the large rrna and arrest protein synthesis at the translocation step. in addition to their enzymatic activity, rips have been reputed to be potent antiviral agents against many plant, animal, and human viruses. we recently showed that pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), an rip from pokeweed, inhibits translation in cell extracts by binding to the cap structure ... | 2003 | 18942981 |
| enhanced resistance to sclerotium rolfsii in populations of alfalfa selected for quantitative resistance to sclerotinia trifoliorum. | abstract sclerotinia trifoliorum and sclerotium rolfsii are pathogens for which similar mechanisms of parasitism have been proposed. this suggested that resistance to these pathogens may be related in a common host plant. this study was undertaken to determine whether selection for quantitative resistance to sclerotinia trifoliorum in alfalfa also increases resistance to sclerotium rolfsii as expressed in excised leaf tissues and whole plants. resistance in excised leaf tissues was evaluated acc ... | 2002 | 18943095 |
| host crop affects rhizosphere colonization and competitiveness of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing pseudomonas fluorescens. | abstract strains of pseudomonas fluorescens producing the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-dapg) are biocontrol agents which play a key role in the suppressiveness of some soils against soilborne pathogens. we evaluated the effect of the host plant genotype on rhizosphere colonization by both indigenous and introduced 2,4-dapg-producing p. fluorescens. first, population densities of indigenous 2,4-dapg producers in the rhizospheres of alfalfa, barley, bean, flax, lentil, lupine, oat, p ... | 2006 | 18943149 |
| expression of oryzacystatin i and ii in alfalfa increases resistance to the root-lesion nematode. | abstract digestive cysteine proteinases have been isolated from plant-parasitic nematodes as well as coleopteran and hemipteran insects. phytocystatins, inhibitors of cysteine proteinases, are found in a number of plants where they may play a role in defense against pathogens and pests. the cdnas of the phytocystatins from rice, oryzacystatin i (oc-i) and oryzacystatin ii (oc-ii), were expressed in alfalfa (medicago sativa) plants under the control of the potato protease inhibitor ii (pinii) pro ... | 2003 | 18943160 |
| comparative behavior of ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 in diverse plant species. | ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt in numerous plant species worldwide. although biovar 2 mostly affects solanaceous crops, identification of new hosts remains a matter of concern since there is still no clear-cut distinction between host and nonhost plants. in this work we provide data based on histological studies on the status of 20 plant species, most of them of potential interest in crop rotation. plants were watered with a beta-glucuronidase-expressing derivative of r. solanacear ... | 2008 | 18943239 |
| hierarchical analysis of diversity, selfing, and genetic differentiation in populations of the oomycete aphanomyces euteiches. | abstract relatively little is known about the population biology of the legume pathogen aphanomyces euteiches. a. euteiches is a soilborne pathogen causing aphanomyces root rot of several legumes, including alfalfa, bean, lentil, and pea. our objectives were to assess the degree of diversity, selfing, and population differentiation in a. euteiches. we contrasted populations within and among two geographically separated fields with a history of pea production. molecular genotyping relied on ampli ... | 2006 | 18943502 |
| development of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for quantifying verticillium albo-atrum dna in resistant and susceptible alfalfa. | abstract a precise real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for quantifying verticillium albo-atrum dna. the assay was used in a repeated experiment to examine the relationship between the quantity of pathogen dna detected in infected leaves and shoots and the severity of verticillium wilt symptoms in several alfalfa cultivars expressing a range of disease symptoms. plants were visually inspected for symptoms and rated using a disease severity index ranging from 1 to 5, and ... | 2007 | 18943523 |
| sampling for the incidence of aphid-transmitted viruses in snap bean. | abstract data collected in 2002 and 2003 on alfalfa mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus incidences of infection in commercial snap bean fields in new york state were used to develop relationships between disease incidence (p(low)) and sample size while accounting for the inherent spatial aggregation of infected plants observed with these two viruses. for a plan consisting of 300 sampled plants (n = 60 quadrats, n = 5 plants per quadrat), estimating p(low) from the incidence of positive groups ... | 2005 | 18943551 |
| comparison of colletotrichum orbiculare and several allied colletotrichum spp. for mtdna rflps, intron rflp and sequence variation, vegetative compatibility, and host specificity. | abstract based on spore morphology, appressorium development, sequence similarities of the rdna, and similarities in amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism (aflp), it has been proposed that colletotrichum orbiculare, c. trifolii, c. lindemuthianum, and c. malvarum represent a single phylogenetic species, c. orbiculare. in the current study, the phylogenetic relationship among isolates in the c. orbiculare species complex was reassessed. in all, 72 isolates of c. orbiculare from culti ... | 2007 | 18943689 |
| pathogenesis of alfalfa mosaic virus in soybean (glycine max) and expression of chimeric rabies peptide in virus-infected soybean plants-a reexamination. | | 2002 | 18943878 |
| use of heteroduplex mobility assay for identification and differentiation of phytoplasmas in the aster yellows group and the clover proliferation group. | abstract this paper describes the identification and differentiation of phytoplasmas by a highly sensitive diagnostic technique, dna heteroduplex mobility assay (hma). closely related phytoplasma isolates of clover proliferation (cp), potato witches'-broom (pwb), and alfalfa witches'-broom (awb) were collected from the field from 1990 to 1999. the entire 16s rrna gene and 16/23s spacer region were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from the field samples and standard cp, pwb, and awb p ... | 2001 | 18943942 |
| identification, characterization, and molecular detection of alfalfa mosaic virus in potato. | abstract alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) was detected in potato fields in several provinces in canada and characterized by bioassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the identity of eight canadian potato amv isolates was confirmed by sequence analysis of their coat protein (cp) gene. sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these eight amv potato isolates fell into one strain group, whereas a slight difference between ca175 and ... | 2006 | 18943961 |
| quantifying aphanomyces euteiches in alfalfa with a fluorescent polymerase chain reaction assay. | abstract a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay using a set of specific primers and a dual-labeled probe (taqman) was developed to quantify the amount of aphanomyces euteiches dna in alfalfa plants exhibiting varying levels of disease severity. the study included isolates of race 1 and race 2 of a. euteiches. the assay also discriminated between alfalfa populations for resistance based on analysis of dna extracted from bulked plant samples. analysis of individual plants and bulked plant samples ... | 2002 | 18943997 |
| the am gene controlling resistance to alfalfa mosaic virus in tomato is located in the cluster of dominant resistance genes on chromosome 6. | abstract the dominant gene am from lycopersicon hirsutum f. sp. glabratum pi134417 confers resistance to most strains of alfalfa mosaic virus, including the recently identified necrotic strains. the phenotypic response includes a lack of symptom development following mechanical inoculation of leaves. to study the resistance mechanism controlled by am, biological (back-inoculation to susceptible hosts), serological (double-antibody sandwich, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and molecular (reve ... | 2004 | 18944110 |
| pathogenesis of alfalfa mosaic virus in soybean (glycine max) and expression of chimeric rabies peptide in virus-infected soybean plants. | abstract infection of soybean (glycine max) plants inoculated with particles of alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) isolate 425 at 12 days after germination was monitored throughout the life cycle of the plant (vegetative growth, flowering, seed formation, and seed maturation) by western blot analysis of tissue samples. at 8 to 10 days after inoculation, the upper uninoculated leaves showed symptoms of virus infection and accumulation of viral coat protein (cp). virus cp was detectable in leaves, stem, ... | 2001 | 18944120 |
| molecular identification of a new phytoplasma associated with alfalfa witches'-broom in oman. | abstract alfalfa (medicago sativa) plants showing witches'-broom symptoms typical of phytoplasmas were observed from al-batinah, al-sharqiya, al-bureimi, and interior regions of the sultanate of oman. phytoplasmas were detected from all symptomatic samples by the specific amplification of their 16s-23s rrna gene. polymerase chain reaction (pcr), utilizing phytoplasma-specific universal primer pairs, consistently amplified a product of expected lengths when dna extract from symptomatic samples wa ... | 2002 | 18944213 |
| regression analyses for evaluating the influence of bacillus cereus on alfalfa yield under variable disease intensity. | abstract we developed and tested regression methods to exploit the variability in disease inherent in field experiments, and applied the methods to evaluate strains of bacillus cereus for biocontrol efficacy. four b. cereus strains were tested for their effect on alfalfa (medicago sativa) performance in 16 field trials planted during 1993 to 1996 at multiple sites in wisconsin. to evaluate performance of the strains, we used the ratio of (metalaxyl response)/(untreated control response) as a mea ... | 2000 | 18944546 |
| host range specificity in verticillium dahliae. | abstract verticillium dahliae isolates from artichoke, bell pepper, cabbage, cauliflower, chili pepper, cotton, eggplant, lettuce, mint, potato, strawberry, tomato, and watermelon and v. albo-atrum from alfalfa were evaluated for their pathogenicity on all 14 hosts. one-month-old seedlings were inoculated with a spore suspension of about 10(7) conidia per ml using a root-dip technique and incubated in the greenhouse. disease incidence and severity, plant height, and root and shoot dry weights we ... | 1999 | 18944648 |