| effect of intake level and alfalfa substitution for grass hay on ruminal kinetics of fiber digestion and particle passage in beef cattle. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate digestion kinetics of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) substitution for grass hay in beef cattle. in exp. 1, forage combinations evaluated in situ consisted of 0% alfalfa-100% big bluestem (andropogon gerardi vitman), 25% alfalfa-75% big bluestem, 50% alfalfa-50% big bluestem, and 100% alfalfa-0% big bluestem. nonlinear regression was used to determine the immediately soluble fraction a, the potentially degradable fraction b, the undegraded fraction c, and ... | 2008 | 17940159 |
| quality of silages from italian farms as attested by number and identity of microbial indicators. | this study evaluated the quality and possible hygiene risks related to farm-made silages by analysing the presence and number of micro-organisms that influence the preservation and safety in samples from four italian regions. | 2007 | 17953581 |
| inoculant effects on alfalfa silage: fermentation products and nutritive value. | the effect of 14 microbial inoculants on the fermentation and nutritive value of alfalfa silages was studied under laboratory conditions. the first cut (477 g of dry matter/kg) and second cut (393 g of dry matter/kg) of a second-year alfalfa stand were ensiled in 2 trials. in both trials alfalfa was harvested with standard field equipment. all inoculants were applied at 1.0 x 10(6) cfu/g of crop. uninoculated silages served as controls. after inoculants were added, the chopped forages were ensil ... | 2007 | 17954751 |
| effect of application of ammonium chloride and calcium chloride on alfalfa cation-anion content and yield. | a major factor predisposing the cow to periparturient hypocalcemia, or milk fever, is being fed a prepartum ration with a high dietary cation-anion difference (dcad). the dcad can be favorably altered to prevent milk fever by decreasing k and na or increasing cl and s in forages for cows in late gestation. the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that application of cl to alfalfa could increase cl in forage, thereby lowering dcad. we conducted a field experiment at 2 iowa locations ... | 2007 | 17954756 |
| fibrolytic enzymes to increase the nutritive value of dairy feedstuffs. | in vitro studies and a lactation trial were conducted to investigate the effects of fibrolytic enzyme mixtures at different inclusion amounts. seven enzymes in amounts designed to mimic addition of 1, 5, 15, or 30 g/d to dairy diets were incubated in vitro with either soybean hulls or alfalfa for 24 or 48 h. enzyme treatments generally increased in vitro dry matter disappearance (ivdmd), but not volatile fatty acid production. for some enzyme mixtures, lesser amounts of enzymes led to greater in ... | 2007 | 17954763 |
| a lysr-type transcriptional regulator in burkholderia cenocepacia influences colony morphology and virulence. | burkholderia cenocepacia strain k56-2 typically has rough colony morphology on agar medium; however, shiny colony variants (shv) can appear spontaneously. these shv all had a minimum of 50% reduction in biomass formation and were generally avirulent in an alfalfa seedling infection model. three shv-k56-2 s15, k56-2 s76, and k56-2 s86-were analyzed for virulence in a chronic agar bead model of respiratory infection and, although all shv were able to establish chronic infection, they produced sign ... | 2008 | 17967860 |
| food as a vehicle for transmission of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli. | contaminated food continues to be the principal vehicle for transmission of escherichia coli o157:h7 and other shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) to humans. a large number of foods, including those associated with outbreaks (alfalfa sprouts, fresh produce, beef, and unpasteurized juices), have been the focus of intensive research studies in the past few years (2003 to 2006) to assess the prevalence and identify effective intervention and inactivation treatments for these pathogens. recent anal ... | 2007 | 17969631 |
| characterization of a caffeic acid 3-o-methyltransferase from wheat and its function in lignin biosynthesis. | caffeic acid 3-o-methyltransferase (comt) catalyzes the multi-step methylation reactions of hydroxylated monomeric lignin precursors, and is believed to occupy a pivotal position in the lignin biosynthetic pathway. a cdna (tacm) was identified from wheat and it was found to be expressed constitutively in stem, leaf and root tissues. the deduced amino acid sequence of tacm showed a high degree of identity with comt from other plants, particularly in sam binding motif and the residues responsible ... | 2008 | 17976886 |
| method for determining molar concentrations of metabolites in complex solutions from two-dimensional 1h-13c nmr spectra. | one-dimensional (1d) (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy is used extensively for high-throughput analysis of metabolites in biological fluids and tissue extracts. typically, such spectra are treated as multivariate statistical objects rather than as collections of quantifiable metabolites. we report here a two-dimensional (2d) (1)h-(13)c nmr strategy (fast metabolite quantification, fmq, by nmr) for identifying and quantifying the approximately 40 most abundant metabolites in biol ... | 2007 | 17985927 |
| outbreak of salmonella stanley in sweden associated with alfalfa sprouts, july-august 2007. | | 2007 | 17997915 |
| partitioning of energy in pregnant beef cows during nutritionally induced body weight fluctuation. | the purpose of this study was to determine if the efficiency of energy retention in pregnant cows was dependent on the time during the pregnancy that feed was offered. our hypothesis was that restricting feed intake during the second trimester of gestation and providing the saved feed during the third trimester was less energetically efficient than providing the feed during the second trimester. twenty cows (4 breed composite: 1/4 hereford, 1/4 angus, 1/4 red poll, and 1/4 pinzgauer) that had pr ... | 2008 | 17998430 |
| degradation of 2,4-db in argentinean agricultural soils with high humic matter content. | the dissipation of 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid (2,4-db) in high-humic-matter-containing soils from agricultural fields of the argentinean humid pampa region was studied, employing soil microcosms under different experimental conditions. the added herbicide was dissipated almost completely by soils with and without history of herbicide use by day 28. at 500 ppm, both soils showed the same degradation rates; but at 5-ppm concentration, the chronically exposed soil demonstrated a faster de ... | 2008 | 18004561 |
| lead toxicity in alfalfa plants exposed to phytohormones and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid monitored by peroxidase, catalase, and amylase activities. | this manuscript describes the toxicity of lead in alfalfa plants treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) and the phytohormones indole-3-acetic-acid (iaa), gibberellic acid (ga), and kinetin (kn), on catalase (cat), ascorbate peroxidase (apox), and total amylase activity (taa). in all cases pb was used at 40 mg/l; edta at 0.2 mm (equimolar to pb); and iaa, ga, and kn at 1, 10, and 100 microm, respectively. an experiment containing pb at 40 mg/l, 0.2 mm edta, and iaa and kn at 100 micr ... | 2007 | 18020698 |
| feeding preferences in lambs influenced by prenatal flavour exposure. | the aim of the present study is to highlight and evaluate the role of flavour prenatal exposure in postnatal feeding preferences in sheep after weaning and until the early stages of puberty. 16 lambs were selected from two groups of ewes; the first group was fed with a control diet, consisted of concentrated feed and alfalfa hay and the second group with the same diet, with the only difference that the concentrate was supplemented with oregano essential oil (1 ml/kg), during the period of pregna ... | 2008 | 18022653 |
| regulation of motility by the expr/sin quorum-sensing system in sinorhizobium meliloti. | a successful symbiotic relationship between sinorhizobium meliloti and its host medicago sativa (alfalfa) depends on several signaling mechanisms, such as the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides (eps) by s. meliloti. previous work in our laboratory has shown that a quorum-sensing mechanism controls the production of the symbiotically active eps ii. recent microarray analysis of the whole-genome expression profile of s. meliloti reveals that the expr/sin quorum-sensing system regulates additional ... | 2008 | 18024512 |
| dried distillers grains plus solubles with corn silage or alfalfa hay as the primary forage source in dairy cow diets. | nine multiparous (250 +/- 6 d in milk) and 3 primiparous (204 +/- 6 d in milk) holstein cows were utilized in a 3 x 3 latin square design to evaluate the lactation performance of cows fed a diet containing dried distillers grains plus solubles (ddgs) with either corn silage or alfalfa hay as forage. cows were fed total mixed diets containing corn silage (cs), 50% corn silage and 50% alfalfa hay (csah), or alfalfa hay (ah) as the forage source. all diets had a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio, c ... | 2007 | 18024751 |
| variations in carotenoids, vitamins a and e, and color in cow's plasma and milk following a shift from hay diet to diets containing increasing levels of carotenoids and vitamin e. | this experiment was conducted to determine the variations in carotenoid, vitamins a and e concentrations, and color in the plasma and milk of dairy cows following a shift from a hay diet to diets containing increasing levels of carotenoids and vitamin e. this study was performed on 32 multiparous montbéliarde dairy cows in midlactation. after a 6-wk preexperimental period on a diet based on hay and concentrates, the cows were allocated to 4 homogeneous groups, and thereafter fed for 6 wk on isoe ... | 2007 | 18024757 |
| effects of a mixture of lactic acid bacteria applied as a freeze-dried or fresh culture on the fermentation of alfalfa silage. | alfalfa (approximately 31% dm) was untreated or treated with a silage inoculant containing the lactic acid bacteria lactobacillus lactis, lactobacillus plantarum l-54, and l. plantarum aber f1. the inoculant was added at a normal and a high dose as a freeze-dried powder that had been mixed with water just prior to application, or it was grown with nutrients the day before and added as a fresh culture. the actual application rate of lactic acid bacteria was 1.19 x 10(5) for the normal dose, 4.30 ... | 2007 | 18024762 |
| molting in salmonella enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. iii. blood plasma metabolite response. | the objective of this study was to examine an alfalfa crumble diet as an alternative molt diet and compare the physiological response of hens to the responses of feed-deprived molted hens. hens >50 wk old were placed into 6 treatment groups (12 hens per group in trial 1 and 10 hens per group in trial 2): nonmolted salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis positive (ff+), nonmolted salmonella enteritidis negative (ff-), feed withdrawal salmonella enteritidis positive (fw+), fw salmonella enteritidi ... | 2007 | 18029794 |
| molting in salmonella enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. iv. immune and stress protein response. | immunological responses of molting hens either infected or not infected with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis were compared in 2 trials with single comb white leghorn hens >50 wk old. the hens were placed into 6 treatment groups with 12 hens per group: nonmolted salmonella enteritidis positive (ff+), non-molted salmonella enteritidis negative (ff-), feed withdrawal salmonella enteritidis positive (fw+), fw salmonella enteritidis negative (fw-), alfalfa salmonella enteritidis positive (alc ... | 2007 | 18029795 |
| genetic characterization of fast-growing rhizobia able to nodulate prosopis alba in north spain. | prosopis is a mimosaceae legume tree indigenous to south america and not naturalized in europe. in this work 18 rhizobial strains nodulating prosopis alba roots were isolated from a soil in north spain that belong to eight different randomly amplified polymorphic dna groups phylogenetically related to sinorhizobium medicae, sinorhizobium meliloti and rhizobium giardinii according to their intergenic spacer and 16s rrna gene sequences. the nodc genes of isolates close to s. medicae and s. melilot ... | 2007 | 18031342 |
| toxic effects of arsenic on sinorhizobium-medicago sativa symbiotic interaction. | recently, the rhizobium-legume symbiotic interaction has been proposed as an interesting tool in bioremediation. however, little is known about the effect of most common contaminants on this process. the phytotoxic effects of arsenic on nodulation of medicago sativa have been examined in vitro using the highly arsenic resistant and symbiotically effective sinorhizobium sp. strain ma11. the bacteria were able to grow on plates containing as concentrations as high as 10 mm. nevertheless, as little ... | 2008 | 18039553 |
| mathematical modeling and assessment of microbial migration during the sprouting of alfalfa in trays in a nonuniformly contaminated seed batch using enterobacter aerogenes as a surrogate for salmonella stanley. | raw seed sprouts have been implicated in several food poisoning outbreaks in the past 10 years. the u.s. food and drug administration recommends that sprout growers use interventions (such as testing of spent irrigation water) to control the presence of pathogens in the finished product. during the sprouting process, initially low concentrations of pathogen may increase, and contamination may spread within a batch of sprouting seeds. a model of pathogen growth as a function of time and distance ... | 2007 | 18044441 |
| genetic dissection of resistance to anthracnose and powdery mildew in medicago truncatula. | medicago truncatula was used to characterize resistance to anthracnose and powdery mildew caused by colletotrichum trifolii and erysiphe pisi, respectively. two isolates of e. pisi (ep-p from pea and ep-a from alfalfa) and two races of c. trifolii (races 1 and 2) were used in this study. the a17 genotype was resistant and displayed a hypersensitive response after inoculation with either pathogen, while lines f83005.5 and dza315.16 were susceptible to anthracnose and powdery mildew, respectively. ... | 2008 | 18052883 |
| outbreak of salmonella weltevreden infections in norway, denmark and finland associated with alfalfa sprouts, july-october 2007. | | 2007 | 18053569 |
| a highly conserved protein of unknown function is required by sinorhizobium meliloti for symbiosis and environmental stress protection. | we report here the first characterization of the sinorhizobium meliloti open reading frame smc01113. the smc01113 protein is a member of a highly conserved protein family, universal among bacteria. we demonstrate that the smc01113 gene is absolutely required for s. meliloti symbiosis with alfalfa and also for the protection of the bacterium from a wide range of environmental stresses. | 2008 | 18055601 |
| learned appetites for calcium, phosphorus, and sodium in sheep. | if supplemental minerals are needed to promote optimal animal performance, what is the best way of providing them: free choice or in the diet? we hypothesized that herbivores discriminate among feeds containing na, p, and ca and modify their choices as a function of need. one group of lambs was fed a basal diet low in p and high in ca (low p-high ca), whereas another group was fed a basal diet high in p and low in ca (high p-low ca). after 73 d of exposure to the unbalanced diets, the lambs were ... | 2008 | 18073279 |
| changes in rumen microbial fermentation are due to a combined effect of type of diet and ph. | low ruminal ph may occur when feeding high-concentrate diets. however, because the reduction in ph occurs at the same time as the amount of concentrate fed increases, the changes observed in rumen fermentation may be attributed to ph or the type of substrate being fermented. our objective was to determine the contribution of ph and type of substrate being fermented to the changes observed in rumen fermentation after supplying a high-concentrate diet. eight dual-flow, continuous culture fermenter ... | 2008 | 18073289 |
| daily energy intake of broiler chickens is altered by proximate nutrient content and form of the diet. | an experiment was designed to test the ability of broiler chickens to equalize daily energy intake when proximate components of the diet were changed. a factorial arrangement was used to test effects of protein, fat, and fiber content in the diet. the simplest diet contained only corn and soybean meal to provide energy and protein. protein contents were calculated to be 16.4, 18.2, and 20.0%, with added protein from a combination of corn gluten meal, fish meal, and peanut meal. hydrolyzed fat wa ... | 2008 | 18079455 |
| application of thermotolerant microorganisms for biofertilizer preparation. | intensive agriculture is practised in taiwan, and compost application is very popular as a means of improving the soil physical properties and supplying plant nutrition. we tested the potential of inoculation with thermotolerant microorganisms to shorten the maturity and improve the quality of biofertilizer prepared by composting. | 2007 | 18087625 |
| [effects of lactational exposure to soy isoflavones on steroid receptor expression in neonate rat ovaries]. | to study the effects of lactational exposure to soy isoflavones (sif) on ovary development in neonate rats. | 2007 | 18095567 |
| ruminal temperature may aid in the detection of subacute ruminal acidosis. | the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between ruminal ph and ruminal temperature and to develop a predictive equation that can aid in the diagnosis of subacute ruminal acidosis (sara). six rumen-fistulated lactating holstein dairy cows (639 +/- 51 kg body weight) were used in the study. cows were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: control (% of dry matter, 40% corn silage, 27% mixed haylage, 7% alfalfa hay, 18% protein supplement, 4% ground corn, and 4% wh ... | 2008 | 18096941 |
| effects of feeding forage soybean silage on milk production, nutrient digestion, and ruminal fermentation of lactating dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine the feeding value of forage soybean silage (ss) for dairy cows relative to a fourth-cut alfalfa silage (as). forage soybean was harvested at full pod stage. two isonitrogenous diets were formulated with a 48:52 forage:concentrate ratio. soybean silage and as constituted 72% of the forage in each diet, with corn silage constituting the remaining 28%. twenty holsteins cows in early lactation were used in a switchback design. four lactating holsteins cow ... | 2008 | 18096944 |
| the feeding value of corn distillers solubles for lactating dairy cows. | fifteen holstein cows (10 multiparous and 5 primiparous) in early to mid lactation (79.3 +/- 9.2 d in milk) were used in a multiple 5 x 5 latin square design with 4-wk periods to evaluate and compare the use of condensed corn distillers solubles (ccds) and dried distillers grains with solubles (ddgs) in the total mixed ration. the forage portion of the diets was kept constant at 27.5% corn silage and 27.5% alfalfa hay (dry matter basis). diets were 1) 0% distillers grains products (control); 2) ... | 2008 | 18096950 |
| nature of a muscle-inhibiting compound in lucerne and its possible connexion with bloat in cattle. | | 1949 | 18117135 |
| detection of verotoxigenic escherichia coli o157 and o26 in food by plating methods and lamp method: a collaborative study. | in order to establish a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of verotoxigenic escherichia coli o157 and o26, a collaborative study was conducted focusing on a comparison of the efficiency of loop-mediated amplification (lamp) assay targeting the verocytotoxin (also called shiga toxin) gene, utilizing a direct plating method and a plating method with immunomagnetic separation (ims-plating method) using various agar media. in combination with enrichment with the modified ec supplemented wi ... | 2008 | 18158196 |
| organ weight and serum triglyceride responses of older (80 week) commercial laying hens fed an alfalfa meal molt diet. | since one of the costs in the commercial egg industry is that of replacement pullets, commercial egg layer managers have opted to induce molt older hens in order to extend their productive life for additional egg laying cycles. conventional molt induction involves the complete removal of feed for several days. however, this management practice can lead to deleterious physiological responses by the hen and subsequent susceptibility to infection by pathogens. consequently less stressful molting re ... | 2008 | 18164195 |
| effect of x-radiation on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems in rats treated with saponin-containing compounds. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three saponin-containing plant species extracts (aesculuc hippocastanum l. seed extract [ahe], medicago sativa l. extract [mse] and spinacia oleracea l. extract [soe]) on lipid peroxidation and on antioxidant systems in rats exposed to x-rays (xr). the rats were divided into three categories. the first category served as controls and received only a standard diet. the second category served as the radiation group and received 5 and 10 gy xr ... | 2008 | 18173726 |
| the ovulation rate in anoestrous female goats managed under grazing conditions and exposed to the male effect is increased by nutritional supplementation. | this experiment was conducted to determine if feed supplementation before exposure of anoestrous does to males increases ovulation rate. does (n=50) grazing natural vegetation were divided into two groups (n=25). one group received no feed supplementation, while the other was supplemented daily, with a mixture of 950 g of alfalfa hay, 290 g of rolled corn and 140 g of soy bean per animal for 7 days before exposure to bucks. on april 7, all females were exposed to four adult sexually active bucks ... | 2008 | 18178343 |
| growth of salmonella on sprouting alfalfa seeds as affected by the inoculum size, native microbial load and pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79. | to investigate the growth of salmonellae on sprouting alfalfa seeds as affected by the inoculum size, microbial load and pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79. | 2008 | 18179450 |
| identification of genes relevant to symbiosis and competitiveness in sinorhizobium meliloti using signature-tagged mutants. | sinorhizobium meliloti enters an endosymbiosis with alfalfa plants through the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules. in order to identify s. meliloti genes required for symbiosis and competitiveness, a method of signature-tagged mutagenesis was used. two sets, each consisting of 378 signature-tagged mutants with a known transposon insertion site, were used in an experiment in planta. as a result, 67 mutants showing attenuated symbiotic phenotypes were identified, including most of the exo, fix, ... | 2008 | 18184066 |
| elimination of oxalate by fat sand rats (psammomys obesus): wild and laboratory-bred animals compared. | wild fat sand rats (psammomys obesus) can feed exclusively on plants containing much oxalate, but little calcium; oxalate intake may exceed 300 mg/d, while calcium intake is approximately 30 mg/day. by contrast, for generations, laboratory bred p. obesus have been fed a low-oxalate (<100 mg/day), high-calcium (approximately 150 mg/day) rodent chow. we compared oxalate intake and excretion between wild and laboratory-bred animals, both fed the natural high-oxalate diet, to determine whether these ... | 2008 | 18187353 |
| chemical and sensory properties of beef of known source and finished on wet distillers grains diets containing varying types and levels of roughage. | beef knuckles (n = 160) were obtained from source-verified cattle finished on 30% wet distillers grains plus solubles enriched with varying levels of alfalfa hay (4 or 8%), corn silage (6 or 12%), or corn stalks (3 or 6%) based on ndf. proximate analysis, ph, oxidation-reduction potential, fatty acid composition, and sensory analysis were conducted on the rectus femoris muscle to determine if roughage inclusion, in conjunction with wet distillers grains plus solubles and cattle source, affects b ... | 2008 | 18192552 |
| effects of supplemental fat on growth performance and quality of beef from steers fed corn finishing diets. | to measure the effects of dietary fat on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics, and on beef appearance, moisture binding, shelf life, palatability, and fatty acid content, 126 crossbred beef steers (321.1 +/- 0.57 kg of bw) were allotted to a randomized complete block (3) design with a 3 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. the main effects were level of yellow grease (0, 3, or 6%) and alfalfa hay (3.5 or 7%) in corn-based diets containing 15% potato by-product (pb). th ... | 2008 | 18192553 |
| impact of beef cattle diets containing corn or sorghum distillers grains on beef color, fatty acid profiles, and sensory attributes. | strip loins from 236 carcasses from crossbred yearling steers were collected on each of 2 slaughter dates (slaughter 1 or 2) to determine the effects of feeding corn or sorghum distillers grains (dg) on beef color, fatty acid profiles, lipid oxidation, tenderness, and sensory attributes. dietary treatments consisted of a steam-flaked corn (sfc) diet without (control) or with 15% (dm basis) corn dry or wet dg (cddg and cwdg) or sorghum dry or wet dg (sddg and swdg) and alfalfa hay (r). additional ... | 2008 | 18192556 |
| feeding high proportions of barley grain stimulates an inflammatory response in dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to evaluate effects of feeding increasing proportions of barley grain on acute phase response in lactating dairy cows. eight cannulated primiparous (60 to 140 d in milk) holstein dairy cows were assigned to 4 diets in a 4 x 4 latin square experimental design. the experimental period lasted for 21 d, with 11 d of adaptation and 10 d of measurements. cows were fed the following diets: 1) no barley grain in the diet, 2) 15% barley grain, 3) 30% barley grain, and 4) 4 ... | 2008 | 18218747 |
| alfalfa containing the glyphosate-tolerant trait has no effect on feed intake, milk composition, or milk production of dairy cattle. | the objective of this experiment was to assess if feeding glyphosate-tolerant alfalfa affects feed intake, milk composition, or milk production of dairy cows. one alfalfa (medicago sativa), variety expressing the cp4 epsps protein and grown in southeastern washington state was harvested at the late vegetative stage as hay. three commercial conventional varieties of alfalfa hay of similar nutrient composition and harvested in the same geographic region were fed to cows as controls. the commercial ... | 2008 | 18218755 |
| mammary uptake, portal-drained visceral flux, and hepatic metabolism of free and peptide-bound amino acids in cows fed steam-flaked or dry-rolled sorghum grain diets. | our objectives were to measure net fluxes of free aa (faa) and peptide-bound aa (pbaa) across portal-drained viscera, liver, splanchnic tissues, and mammary tissues, and milk aa output of lactating holstein cows (n = 8, 86 +/- 8 d in milk). cows were fed an alfalfa-based total mixed ration containing 40% steam-flaked (sfs) or dry-rolled (drs) sorghum grain. the total mixed rations were offered at 12-h intervals in a crossover design. blood samples were obtained from indwelling catheters in porta ... | 2008 | 18218756 |
| milk fatty acid composition of grazing dairy cows when supplemented with linseed oil. | the effects of varying amounts of linseed oil (lso) in grazing dairy cows' diet on milk conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 cla) were investigated in this study. twelve holstein cows in midlactation (150 +/- 19 dim) were placed on alfalfa-based pasture and assigned to 4 treatments using a 4 x 4 latin square design with 3-wk periods. treatments were: 1) control grain supplement; 2) control grain supplement containing 170 g of lso (lso1); 3) control grain supplement containing 340 g of lso ( ... | 2008 | 18218760 |
| seasonal diet affects ammonia emissions from tie-stall dairy barns. | federal and state regulations are being promulgated under the clean air act to reduce hazardous air emissions from livestock operations. although much is known about air emissions from livestock operations in europe, few data are available on emissions from livestock facilities in the united states and the management practices that may minimize these emissions. the objective of this study was to measure seasonal and diet effects on ammonia emissions from experimental tie-stall dairy barns locate ... | 2008 | 18218774 |
| bacterial communities associated with retail alfalfa sprouts. | fresh produce, including salad, is increasingly implicated in foodborne outbreaks. although studies have been carried out to detect specific human pathogens from fresh produce, the total bacterial community associated with fresh produce is poorly understood. in this study, we characterized the bacterial community associated with alfalfa sprouts, using a culture-independent method. four retail-purchased alfalfa sprout samples were obtained from different producers, and the bacterial community ass ... | 2008 | 18236685 |
| metabolic fate of nicotinamide in higher plants. | metabolism of [carbonyl-14c]nicotinamide was surveyed in various plant materials including the model plants, arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa and lotus japonicus. in all plants studied, nicotinamide was used for the pyridine (nicotinamide adenine) nucleotide synthesis, probably after conversion to nicotinic acid. radioactivity from [carbonyl-14c]nicotinamide was incorporated into trigonelline (1-n-methylnicotinic acid) and/or into nicotinic acid 1n-glucoside (na-glc). trigonelline is formed ma ... | 2007 | 18251891 |
| natural history, clinicoradiologic correlates, and response to triclabendazole in acute massive fascioliasis. | fascioliasis is highly endemic in the andean region of south america. newer serological assays have improved our ability to diagnose acute fascioliasis. the diagnosis was established by fasciola hepatica serology (fas2-elisa or western blot) in 10 patients. identifiable exposure included ingestion of watercress (n = 8), alfalfa juice (n = 5), and lettuce (n = 1). computed tomography of the abdomen showed hepatomegaly (n = 9), track-like hypodense lesions with subcapsular location (n = 8), and su ... | 2008 | 18256419 |
| [water potential productivity and soil desiccation effect of alfalfa grasslands in different type arid areas of loess plateau: a simulation study]. | based on model validation and database establishment, the dynamic changes of water potential productivity, available water amount in 0-10 m soil layer, and moisture distribution in soil profiles on the alfalfa grasslands at changwu of semi-humid area, guyuan of semi-arid area, and haiyuan of semi-arid prone drought area on loess plateau were simulated with winepic model in a 20-30 years period. the results showed that the simulated water potential productivity of alfalfa grasslands at changwu, g ... | 2007 | 18260441 |
| effects of cis-beta-ocimene, cis-sabinene hydrate, and monoterpene and sesquiterpene mixtures on alfalfa pellet intake by lambs. | the transition of grasslands to shrub-dominated scrubland reduces livestock productivity and contributes to impoverished conditions for humans in arid and semiarid regions worldwide. many shrubs that are increasing in dominance contain secondary compounds that deter browsing by herbivores. knowledge concerning the effects of specific compounds in herbivore diets is limited but may provide useful insights into desertification. flourensia cernua is a dominant shrub in the northern chihuahuan deser ... | 2008 | 18272857 |
| uv-b effects on the nutritional chemistry of plants and the responses of a mammalian herbivore. | stratospheric ozone depletion has caused ground-level ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation to rise in temperate latitudes of both hemispheres. because the effects of enhanced uv-b radiation on the nutrition of food consumed by mammalian herbivores are unknown, we measured nutritional and chemical constituents of 18 forages and related changes to in vitro dry matter digestibility. we also measured intake and in vivo digestibility of pacific willow (salix lasiandra) and alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) by b ... | 2008 | 18274780 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti mutants lacking phosphotransferase system enzyme hpr or eiia are altered in diverse processes, including carbon metabolism, cobalt requirements, and succinoglycan production. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a member of the alphaproteobacteria that fixes nitrogen when it is in a symbiotic relationship. genes for an incomplete phosphotransferase system (pts) have been found in the genome of s. meliloti. the genes present code for hpr and manx (an eiia(man)-type enzyme). hpr and eiia regulate carbon utilization in other bacteria. hpr and manx in-frame deletion mutants exhibited altered carbon metabolism and other phenotypes. loss of hpr resulted in partial relief of succinate ... | 2008 | 18281401 |
| effect of supplementing rumen-protected methionine on production and nitrogen excretion in lactating dairy cows. | two 4 x 4 latin square trials (4-wk periods; 16 wk total) were conducted to see whether supplementing rumen-protected met (rpm; fed as mepron) would allow feeding less crude protein (cp), thereby reducing urinary n excretion, but without losing production. in trial 1, 24 holsteins were fed 4 diets as total mixed rations containing [dry matter (dm) basis]: 18.6% cp and 0 g of rpm/d; 17.3% cp and 5 g of rpm/d; 16.1% cp and 10 g of rpm/d; or 14.8% cp and 15 g of rpm/d. dietary cp was reduced by rep ... | 2008 | 18292265 |
| olfactory conditioning in mate searching by the parasitoid aphidius ervi (hymenoptera: braconidae). | despite the fact that insect learning capacity has been broadly demonstrated, the role that this process plays during mate searching has been scarcely explored. we studied whether the sexual behaviour of a male parasitic wasp can be conditioned to the odours from two alternative host plant complexes (hpcs) present during its first copulation. the experimental subjects were newly emerged males of the aphid parasitoid, aphidius ervi, and two alternative hpcs (alfalfa or wheat). in the training pro ... | 2008 | 18294417 |
| bacterial citrate synthase expression and soil aluminum tolerance in transgenic alfalfa. | alfalfa is very sensitive to soil acidity and its yield and stand duration are compromised due to inhibited root growth and reduced nitrogen fixation caused by al toxicity. soil improvement by liming is expensive and only partially effective, and conventional plant breeding for al tolerance has had limited success. because tobacco and papaya plants overexpressing pseudomonas aeruginosa citrate synthase (cs) have been reported to exhibit enhanced tolerance to al, alfalfa was engineered by introdu ... | 2008 | 18305942 |
| polysaccharides cellulose, poly-beta-1,6-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, and colanic acid are required for optimal binding of escherichia coli o157:h7 strains to alfalfa sprouts and k-12 strains to plastic but not for binding to epithelial cells. | when escherichia coli o157:h7 bacteria are added to alfalfa sprouts growing in water, the bacteria bind tightly to the sprouts. in contrast, laboratory k-12 strains of e. coli do not bind to sprouts under similar conditions. the roles of e. coli o157:h7 lipopolysaccharide (lps), capsular polysaccharide, and exopolysaccharides in binding to sprouts were examined. an lps mutant had no effect on the binding of the pathogenic strain. cellulose synthase mutants showed a significant reduction in bindi ... | 2008 | 18310435 |
| transcriptome of aphanomyces euteiches: new oomycete putative pathogenicity factors and metabolic pathways. | aphanomyces euteiches is an oomycete pathogen that causes seedling blight and root rot of legumes, such as alfalfa and pea. the genus aphanomyces is phylogenically distinct from well-studied oomycetes such as phytophthora sp., and contains species pathogenic on plants and aquatic animals. to provide the first foray into gene diversity of a. euteiches, two cdna libraries were constructed using mrna extracted from mycelium grown in an artificial liquid medium or in contact to plant roots. a unigen ... | 2008 | 18320043 |
| expression of modified gene encoding functional human alpha-1-antitrypsin protein in transgenic tomato plants. | transgenic plants offer promising alternative for large scale, sustainable production of safe, functional, recombinant proteins of therapeutic and industrial importance. here, we report the expression of biologically active human alpha-1-antitrypsin in transgenic tomato plants. the 1,182 bp cdna sequence of human aat was strategically designed, modified and synthesized to adopt codon usage pattern of dicot plants, elimination of mrna destabilizing sequences and modifications around 5' and 3' fla ... | 2008 | 18320339 |
| functional nodfe genes are present in sinorhizobium sp. strain mus10, a symbiont of the tropical legume sesbania rostrata. | we have cloned the nodfe operon from sinorhizobium sp. strain mus10. mus10 nodf shows sequence homology to acyl carrier protein and enables an s. meliloti nodf mutant to effectively nodulate alfalfa. our results demonstrate the occurrence of nodfe in a symbiont that nodulates a legume host not belonging to the galegoid group. | 2008 | 18326678 |
| the effect of silage cutting height on the nutritive value of a normal corn silage hybrid compared with brown midrib corn silage fed to lactating cows. | a brown midrib (bmr) hybrid and a silage-specific non-bmr (7511fq) hybrid were harvested at a normal cut height leaving 10 to 15 cm of stalk in the field. the non-bmr hybrid was also cut at a greater height leaving 45 to 50 cm of stalk. cutting high increased the concentrations of dry matter (+4%), crude protein (+5%), net energy for lactation (+3%), and starch (+7%), but decreased the concentrations of acid detergent fiber (-9%), neutral detergent fiber (-8%), and acid detergent lignin (-13%) f ... | 2008 | 18349238 |
| basal expression of nucleoside transporter mrna differs among small intestinal epithelia of beef steers and is differentially altered by ruminal or abomasal infusion of starch hydrolysate. | in ruminants, microbial-derived nucleic acids are a major source of n and are absorbed as nucleosides by small intestinal epithelia. although the biochemical activities of 2 nucleoside transport systems have been described for cattle, little is known regarding the regulation of their gene expression. this study was conducted to test 2 hypotheses: (1) the small intestinal epithelia of beef cattle differentially express mrna for 3 concentrative (cnt1, 2, 3) and 2 equilibrative (ent1, 2) nucleoside ... | 2008 | 18349250 |
| excretion of polyamines in alfalfa and tobacco suspension-cultured cells and its possible role in maintenance of intracellular polyamine contents. | changes in polyamines (pas) in cells and cultivation media of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and tobacco bright yellow 2 (by-2) (nicotiana tabacum l.) cell suspension cultures were studied over their growth cycles. the total content of pas (both free and conjugated forms) was nearly 10 times higher in alfalfa, with high level of free putrescine (put) (in exponential growth phase it represented about 65-73% of the intracellular put pool). in contrast, the high content of soluble put conjugates was ... | 2008 | 18369627 |
| the sinorhizobium meliloti msba2 protein is essential for the legume symbiosis. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a beneficial legume symbiont, closely related to brucella species, which are chronic mammalian pathogens. we discovered that the s. meliloti msba2 protein is essential to ensure the symbiotic interaction with the host plant, alfalfa. s. meliloti invades plant cells via plant-derived structures known as infection threads. however, in the absence of msba2, s. meliloti remains trapped within abnormally thickened infection threads and induces a heightened plant defence resp ... | 2008 | 18375818 |
| diet and abdominal autofluorescence detected by in vivo fluorescence imaging of living mice. | we investigated the effect of diet on abdominal autofluorescence detected by in vivo fluorescence imaging (fli) of living mice. groups of mice were fed a regular, alfalfa-free, or purified diet, and whole-body fli was performed without the administration of fluorescent probes. in addition, quantum dots were injected intravenously into mice fed one of the three diets, and fli was performed 3 and 24 hours later. intense autofluorescence originating from the animals' intestinal contents was observe ... | 2008 | 18384720 |
| transfer of anthracnose resistance and pod coiling traits from medicago arborea to m. sativa by sexual reproduction. | five asymmetric hybrid plants were obtained between medicago sativa (2n = 4x = 32) and medicago arborea (2n = 4x = 32) through sexual reproduction and the use of a cytoplasmically male sterile m. sativa genotype. over 2,000 pollinations were made to obtain these hybrids. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis showed that in the most studied hybrid (wa2273), 4% of the bands unique to the m. arborea parent were present, versus 72% for the unique m. sativa bands. this suggests that ... | 2008 | 18392799 |
| the rhizobial adhesion protein rapa1 is involved in adsorption of rhizobia to plant roots but not in nodulation. | the effect of the rhizobium adhesion protein rapa1 on rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii adsorption to trifolium pratense (red clover) roots was investigated. we altered rapa1 production by cloning its encoding gene under the plac promoter into the stable vector phc60. after introducing this plasmid in r. leguminosarum bv. trifolii, three to four times more rapa1 was produced, and two to five times higher adsorption to red clover roots was obtained, as compared with results for the empty vecto ... | 2008 | 18393991 |
| stable low molecular weight rna profiling showed variations within sinorhizobium meliloti and sinorhizobium medicae nodulating different legumes from the alfalfa cross-inoculation group. | four different low molecular weight (lmw) rna profiles, designated i-iv, among 179 isolates from medicago, melilotus and trigonella species growing in a field site in northern spain were identified. from sequence analysis of the 16s rrna, atpd and reca genes as well as dna-dna hybridization analysis with representatives of each lmw rna profile it was evident that isolates with lmw rna profiles i and ii belonged to sinorhizobium meliloti and those displaying profiles iii and iv to sinorhizobium m ... | 2008 | 18399993 |
| forage systems for cow-calf production in the appalachian region. | small cow-calf operations are common in the appalachian region. tall fescue [lolium arundinaceum (schreb.) s. j. darbyshire] is the dominant forage in these systems for direct grazing as well as for stockpiling. the present study was conducted from 2001 to 2005. a total of 108 angus and angus crossbred cows were allotted randomly to 6 forage systems and then to 3 replicates within each system. in brief, system 1 had a stocking rate of 0.91 ha/cow in a middleburg 3-paddock (a, b, and c) system. s ... | 2008 | 18407993 |
| effect of feeding corn, hull-less or hulled barley on fermentation by mixed cultures of ruminal microorganisms. | increased demands for corn grain warrant the evaluation of alternative grain types for ruminant production systems. this study was conducted to determine the effects of hulled and hull-less barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cultivars compared with corn (zea mays l.) as an alternative grain type on fermentation in cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms. three continuous fermentors were fed 14 g of dry feed per day (divided equally between 2 feedings) consisting of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) hay pel ... | 2008 | 18420625 |
| effects of the chop lengths of alfalfa silage and oat silage on feed intake, milk production, feeding behavior, and rumen fermentation of dairy cows. | effects of chop length (shorter: 6 mm, or longer: 19 mm) of alfalfa silage and oat silage were determined in 16 mid-lactation holstein cows, 4 of which were rumen cannulated, using a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design with a 2 x 2 arrangement of treatments. experimental periods were 21 d long and consisted of 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. cows received a total mixed ration containing [dry matter (dm) basis] 42.0% barley grain-based energy supplement, 10% protein supplement, and 24% o ... | 2008 | 18420626 |
| short communication: salivary secretion during meals in lactating dairy cattle. | four multiparous holstein cows in midlactation were used in a 4 x 4 latin square to evaluate whether source of forage influenced salivary secretion during eating in lactating dairy cows. the forages were allocated separately from the pelleted concentrates. cows were offered 1 of 4 forages each period: barley silage, alfalfa silage, long-stemmed alfalfa hay, or chopped barley straw. saliva secretion was measured during the morning meal by collecting masticates through the rumen cannula at the car ... | 2008 | 18420637 |
| behavior of laying hens on alfalfa crumble molt diets. | several dietary alternatives to feed withdrawal have been proposed to induce a molt in laying hens. this study compared the behavior of laying hens on an alfalfa crumble diet (alc) to hens that were either on a conventional layer diet (ff) or hens that had feed withdrawn (fw) during a 9-d trial. each treatment consisted of 24 hens (3 hens per battery cage), and treatment began after a 2-week acclimation period. video cameras connected to a digital multiplexer recorded the behavior of the hens. t ... | 2008 | 18420970 |
| evaluation of dietary and management risk factors for enterolithiasis among horses in california. | enteroliths are intestinal calculi that result in intestinal obstruction and colic in horses. equine enterolithiasis occurs worldwide, but the disease is particularly prevalent in some geographic locations, including california. the objectives of this study were to evaluate dietary and environmental risk factors for the disease. this was accomplished through a case-control study by comparing horses with colic from enterolithiasis presenting to the university of california, davis vmth, to horses ... | 2008 | 18423503 |
| expression of a modified mannheimia haemolytica gs60 outer membrane lipoprotein in transgenic alfalfa for the development of an edible vaccine against bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. | the gs60 antigen is one of the protective antigens of mannheimia haemolytica a1. gs60 contains conserved domains belonging to the lppc family of bacterial outer membrane lipoproteins. a high antibody titer to gs60 has been shown to be significantly correlated with resistance to pneumonic pasteurellosis. calves vaccinated with a commercial vaccine (presponse) and demonstrating protection against m. haemolytica a1 produced antibodies directed against gs60. alfalfa was chosen as the platform for an ... | 2008 | 18440084 |
| corn distillers grains with solubles derived from a traditional or partial fractionation process: growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing feedlot heifers. | six hundred ten crossbred-yearling heifers (347 +/- 5 kg of initial bw) were obtained and used in a randomized complete-block design finishing study. finishing diets were based on steam-flaked corn and ground alfalfa hay. the control (cont) treatment contained no distillers grains with solubles (dgs), the second diet was formulated to contained 13% (dm basis) dried corn dgs derived from a traditional dry-grind ethanol process (trad), and the third diet was formulated to contained 13% (dm basis) ... | 2008 | 18441072 |
| comparing relative feed value with degradation parameters of grass and legume forages. | relative feed value (rfv) was evaluated relative to in situ degradation parameters of grass and legume forages. early-cut alfalfa (n = 20), late-cut alfalfa (n = 26), cool-season grass (n = 11), warm-season grass (n = 4), and grass-legume (n = 20) samples were collected from duplicate hay bales submitted to the 2002 and 2003 missouri state fair hay contests. subsamples were incubated in the rumen of 2 lactating holstein cows for 0, 6 or 8, 12, 24, and 48 h to determine in situ degradation of dm, ... | 2008 | 18441075 |
| rhizobium cellulase celc2 is essential for primary symbiotic infection of legume host roots. | the rhizobia-legume, root-nodule symbiosis provides the most efficient source of biologically fixed ammonia fertilizer for agricultural crops. its development involves pathways of specificity, infectivity, and effectivity resulting from expressed traits of the bacterium and host plant. a key event of the infection process required for development of this root-nodule symbiosis is a highly localized, complete erosion of the plant cell wall through which the bacterial symbiont penetrates to establi ... | 2008 | 18458328 |
| prediction of rabbit caecal fermentation characteristics from faeces by in vitro gas production technique: roughages. | to find equations able to estimate the fermentation characteristics of the caecum from that of faeces, caecal content and faeces of 10 hybrid hyla rabbits were used as inocula for an in vitro gas production trial. about 1 g of 12 roughages, 11 hays (ryegrass, alfalfa, sulla, oat, vetch, sulla-lolium, vetch-oat, sulla-oat, clover, ryegrass-clover, sulla-vetch-oat) and a wheat straw, was weighed, in triplicate per inoculum, in 120-ml flasks; 75 ml of anaerobic medium and 4 ml of reducing solution ... | 2008 | 18477306 |
| rumen fermentation and degradability in buffalo and cattle using the in vitro gas production technique. | an in vitro trial was conducted to investigate the effect of different inoculum sources (buffalo vs. cattle) on rumen fermentation and degradability. incubations were carried out using rumen fluid obtained from buffalo or cattle fed the same diet [60% grass hay and 40% concentrate; 18 kg dry matter (dm)/day]. the fermentation kinetics of eight feeds commonly used in ruminant nutrition (alfalfa hay, barley meal, beet pulp, corn meal and silage, ryegrass hay and silage and soya bean meal s.e.) wer ... | 2008 | 18477317 |
| influence of pasture on fatty acid profile of goat milk. | the effect of pasture on the fatty acid profile of milk was evaluated using 30 pluriparous goats, which were divided into two homogeneous groups (h and p) of 15 goats each after kidding. group h (control) goats were housed in a stall and received alfalfa hay, while group p was led to pasture. the goats of both the groups received the same concentrate. average milk yield did not differ statistically between the groups. the goats of the p group had significantly higher fat content in milk than tho ... | 2008 | 18477324 |
| the majority of in vitro macrophage activation exhibited by extracts of some immune enhancing botanicals is due to bacterial lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides. | we have identified potent monocyte/macrophage activating bacterial lipoproteins within commonly used immune enhancing botanicals such as echinacea, american ginseng and alfalfa sprouts. these bacterial lipoproteins, along with lipopolysaccharides, were substantially more potent than other bacterially derived components when tested in in vitro monocyte/macrophage activation systems. in experiments using raw 264.7 and mouse peritoneal macrophages the majority (85-98%) of the activity within extrac ... | 2008 | 18486914 |
| hot topic: application of support vector machine method in prediction of alfalfa protein fractions by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. | the object of this study was to explore the potential for support vector machine (svm) to improve the precision of predicting protein fractions by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (nirs). generally, most protein fractions determined in cornell net carbohydrate and protein system (cncps), especially the neutral detergent insoluble protein (ndfcp) and acid detergent insoluble protein (adfcp), could not be accurately predicted by the commonly used partial least squares (pls) method. a recentl ... | 2008 | 18487658 |
| feeding soybean oil to dairy goats increases conjugated linoleic acid in milk. | a total of 24 murciano-granadina dairy goats milked once daily throughout lactation were used to study the effects of including soybean oil (sbo) in the diet on lactational performance and milk fatty acid (fa) content, particularly conjugated linoleic acid (cla) and trans-vaccenic acid (trans-11 c18:1, tva). three weeks after parturition, goats were allocated to 2 balanced groups according to lactation number, body weight, and daily milk yield, and were kept in separate pens. the experiment cons ... | 2008 | 18487662 |
| behavioral responses of laying hens to different alfalfa-layer ration combinations fed during molting. | induced molting by feed withdrawal has been a common practice in the commercial layer industry and usually involves the removal of feed for a period of up to 14 d. however, this is a practice that is believed to adversely influence the welfare of the hens and there is a need to examine behavioral responses to alternative molt regimens. the behavioral patterns of hens on 90% alfalfa:10% layer ration, 80% alfalfa:20% layer ration, and 70% alfalfa:30% layer ration molt diets were compared with feed ... | 2008 | 18492986 |
| down-regulated expression of plant-specific glycoepitopes in alfalfa. | summary: compared with other plant expression systems used for pharmaceutical protein production, alfalfa offers the advantage of very homogeneous n-glycosylation. therefore, this plant was selected for further attempts at glycoengineering. two main approaches were developed in order to humanize n-glycosylation in alfalfa. the first was a knock-down of two plant-specific n-glycan maturation enzymes, beta1,2-xylosyltransferase and alpha1,3-fucosyltransferases, using sense, antisense and rna inter ... | 2008 | 18498310 |
| effect of germinated seeds extract on the respiratory activity of human skin fibroblasts and sheep liver mitochondria. influence on cell viability and proliferation and their uselfulness as active cosmetic ingredient. | the present work studies the ability of a germinated seeds extract (alfalfa, radish, wheat, soy) to influence cell respiration of skin fibroblasts and the respiratory activity of sheep liver isolated mitochondria, and the cytotoxicity of the product on cultured skin fibroblasts. the content of free and total amino acids present in this extract was determined. aspartic acid represented 37.52% of free amino acids in the extract, but 48.07% glutamic acid was found when total amino acids obtained by ... | 2001 | 18498464 |
| nutrient net absorption across the portal-drained viscera of forage-fed beef steers: quantitative assessment and application to a nutritional prediction model. | this study aimed to establish the relationship between me intake and energy and nutrient absorption across the portal-drained viscera (pdv) of forage-fed beef steers. eight angus (328 +/- 40 kg of bw) steers were surgically fitted with portal, mesenteric arterial, and mesenteric venous catheters, and were fed alfalfa cubes in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design with 4 levels of energy intake between 1 and 2 times maintenance energy requirements. on d 28 of each experimental period, p-aminohip ... | 2008 | 18502889 |
| study of the refirming effect of a plant complex. | loss of skin elasticity is one of the main problems of ageing. this is a mechanical property influenced by elastin, a protein in the dermis which, together with collagen and glycosaminoglycans, makes up the connective tissue. this tissue is affected by a large number of events (such as cutaneous ageing, pregnancy, slimming processes and cellulitis) which eventually cause it to change. at the same time, the metabolism of the proteins of the connective tissue decreases and there is an ever greater ... | 1998 | 18505506 |
| role of plants in the vegetative and reproductive growth of saprobic basidiomycetous ground fungi. | non-symbiotic microorganisms engineered or expensively selected to degrade xenobiotic hydrocarbons or modify heavy-metal uptake of plants in soil remediations die back after their introduction into the target soils. mycelia of saprobic basidiomycetes were therefore inoculated into soil samples of 1 l in glass vessels to record mycelial growth and reproduction in the immediate rhizosphere of up to 11 herbaceous plant species, or to study their responses to the separate volatiles from whole plant ... | 2008 | 18506502 |
| factors influencing the growth of salmonella during sprouting of naturally contaminated alfalfa seeds. | in this study, the factors that affect salmonella growth during sprouting of naturally contaminated alfalfa seeds associated with two previous outbreaks of salmonellosis were examined. a minidrum sprouter equipped with automatic irrigation and rotation systems was built to allow sprouting to be conducted under conditions similar to those used commercially. the growth of salmonella during sprouting in the minidrum was compared with that observed in sprouts grown in glass jars under conditions com ... | 2008 | 18522019 |
| virulence determinants from a cystic fibrosis isolate of pseudomonas aeruginosa include isocitrate lyase. | chronic lung infections caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. adaptation of p. aeruginosa to the cf lung results in the loss of acute virulence determinants and appears to activate chronic virulence strategies in this pathogen. in order to identify such strategies, a random transposon mutagenesis was performed and 18 genes that were required for optimal infection of alfalfa seedlings by frd1, a cf isolate of p. aerugi ... | 2008 | 18524916 |
| plant response to heavy metal toxicity: comparative study between the hyperaccumulator thlaspi caerulescens (ecotype ganges) and nonaccumulator plants: lettuce, radish, and alfalfa. | thlaspi caerulescens (alpine pennycress) is one of the best-known heavy metal (hm) hyperaccumulating plant species. it exhibits the ability to extract and accumulate various hm at extremely high concentrations. in this hydroponic study, the performance of t. caerulescens (ecotype ganges) to accumulate cd, zn, and cu was compared with that of three nonaccumulator plants: alfalfa (medicago sativa), radish (raphanus sativus), and lettuce (lactuca sativa). plants were exposed to the separately disso ... | 2008 | 18528911 |
| [effects of cutting on the population dynamics of main insect pests on alfalfa]. | a systematic investigation was made on the effects of cutting on the population dynamics of main insect pests on alfalfa in dingxi of gansu province. the results showed that the effects of cutting varied significantly with the kinds of insect pests. the seasonal average population densities of therioaphis trifolii, acyrthosiphon pisum and thrips decreased significantly and maintained at a low level under the first cutting in early june, but less variation was observed under the second cutting in ... | 2008 | 18533546 |
| the outer membrane protein tolc from sinorhizobium meliloti affects protein secretion, polysaccharide biosynthesis, antimicrobial resistance, and symbiosis. | sinorhizobium meliloti is capable of establishing a symbiotic nitrogen fixation relationship with medicago sativa. during this process, it must cope with diverse environments and has evolved different types of transport systems that help its propagation in the plant roots. tolc protein family members are the outer-membrane components of several transport systems involved in the export of diverse molecules, playing an important role in bacterial survival. in this work, we have characterized the p ... | 2008 | 18533835 |
| mutational analysis of the sinorhizobium meliloti short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family reveals substantial contribution to symbiosis and catabolic diversity. | the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (sdr) family is one of the largest and most ubiquitous protein families in bacterial genomes. despite there being a few well-characterized examples, the substrate specificities or functions of most members of the family are unknown. in this study, we carried out a large-scale mutagenesis of the sdr gene family in the alfalfa root nodule symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti. subsequent phenotypic analysis revealed phenotypes for mutants of 21 of the sdr-encoding ... | 2008 | 18533838 |