| quantitative analysis of the growth of salmonella stanley during alfalfa sprouting and evaluation of enterobacter aerogenes as its surrogate. | raw seed sprouts have been implicated in several food poisoning outbreaks in the last 10 years. few studies have included investigations of factors influencing the effectiveness of testing spent irrigation water, and in no studies to date has a nonpathogenic surrogate been identified as suitable for large-scale irrigation water testing trials. alfalfa seeds were inoculated with salmonella stanley or its presumptive surrogate (nalidixic acid-resistant enterobacter aerogenes) at three concentratio ... | 2007 | 17340864 |
| physiological response of glandular-haired alfalfa to potato leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) injury. | plant tolerance to herbivory is a key approach for managing pests. in alfalfa, medicago sativa, the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae, is a major pest as a result of the cascade of plant responses to piercing-sucking injury. to identify tolerance to its injury based on alfalfa physiology, experiments were conducted in the field and greenhouse. in our comparison of the response of field-grown alfalfa cultivars to standardized leafhopper densities, net photosynthesis and transpiration rates of 'ge ... | 2007 | 17349134 |
| responses to dietary starch or sucrose on protein and glucose kinetics in goats fed a high-concentrate diet. | responses of whole body protein synthesis (wbps) and glucose irreversible loss rate (ilr) were compared between dietary starch and sucrose in four male goats. diets were fed at 1.2 times maintenance requirements of me and cp with 30% of the me as starch, starch plus sucrose or sucrose, twice daily. the diets consisted of 33, 32, 11 and 24% of alfalfa hay, corn, soybean meal and the carbohydrates, respectively. the wbps and glucose ilr during 5-7 h after feeding were determined by an isotope dilu ... | 2007 | 17361946 |
| effect of direct-fed microbials on performance, diet digestibility, and rumen characteristics of holstein dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding direct-fed microbial (dfm) products containing lactobacillus acidophilus and propionibacteria freudenreichii on the performance, nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of holstein dairy cows in midlactation. experiments were conducted from february to may 2003. cows were fed 1 of 3 dietary treatments: 1) 1 x 10(9) colony-forming units (cfu)/d of live l. acidophilus strain la747 and 2 x 10(9) cfu/d of live p. freudenreichi ... | 2007 | 17369221 |
| effects of different protein supplements on milk production and nutrient utilization in lactating dairy cows. | sixteen (8 ruminally cannulated) multiparous and 8 primiparous lactating holstein cows were used in 6 replicated 4 x 4 latin squares to test the effects of feeding supplemental protein as urea, solvent soybean meal (ssbm), cottonseed meal (csm), or canola meal (cm) on milk production, nutrient utilization, and ruminal metabolism. all diets contained (% of dm) 21% alfalfa silage and 35% corn silage plus 1) 2% urea plus 41% high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc), 2) 12% ssbm plus 31% hmsc, 3) 14% csm p ... | 2007 | 17369223 |
| effects of different protein supplements on omasal nutrient flow and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows. | eight ruminally cannulated holstein cows that were part of a larger lactation trial were used in 2 replicated 4 x 4 latin squares to quantify effects of supplementing protein as urea, solvent soybean meal (ssbm), cottonseed meal (csm), or canola meal (cm) on omasal nutrient flows and microbial protein synthesis. all diets contained (% of dry matter) 21% alfalfa silage and 35% corn silage plus 1) 2% urea plus 41% high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc), 2) 12% ssbm plus 31% hmsc, 3) 14% csm plus 29% hm ... | 2007 | 17369224 |
| processing cereal straws by steam explosion in a pilot plant to enhance digestibility in ruminants. | wheat, barley and oat straws were treated by steam explosion (se) and then washed with 50g/l naoh solution. the se treatment was optimized at batch scale on the basis of carbohydrate recovery. stocks of fodder (300kg) were produced at 198 degrees c for 2.5min by a continuous reactor and used for in vivo digestibility tests carried out on sheep. the flow-sheet and the mass balances were obtained for the entire process. for the three straws, the water consumption has been 7.3kg/kg of straw. to del ... | 2008 | 17382541 |
| identification and introduction of some iran pollinator bees of colletidae, halictidae, and megachilidae (hym: apoidea). | insufficient pollination results in less yield and low quality of crops. many vegetables depend on the cross pollination to produce valuable seeds or fruits. most flowering plants, fruit and seed formation are highly dependent on the activity of pollinator bees and in some crop such as alfalfa no seeds will form in the absence of bees. the most important crops of iran from stone fruits (peach, almond, plum, cherry and apricot), pome fruits (apple, pear and quince), alfalfa, clover, sunflower, et ... | 2006 | 17385532 |
| population genetic structure of sinorhizobium meliloti and s. medicae isolated from nodules of medicago spp. in mexico. | we studied the genetic structure of 176 bacterial isolates from nodules of medicago sativa, m. lupulina and m. polymorpha in fifteen sites distributed in three localities in mexico. the strains were characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, plasmid profiles, pcr restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16s rrna genes and of the intergenic spacer between 16s and 23s rrna genes, and partial sequences of glnii, reca and nodb. most of the strains were classified as sinorhizobium melilot ... | 2007 | 17386032 |
| solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry integrated with chemometrics for detection of salmonella typhimurium contamination in a packaged fresh vegetable. | a rapid method for detection of salmonella typhimurium contamination in packaged alfalfa sprouts using solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (spme/gc/ms) integrated with chemometrics was investigated. alfalfa sprouts were inoculated with s. typhimurium, packed into commercial ldpe bags and stored at 10+2 degrees c for 0, 1, 2 and 3 days. uninoculated sprouts were used as control samples. a spme device was used to collect the volatiles from the headspace above the sampl ... | 2007 | 17386426 |
| dicot and monocot plants differ in retinoblastoma-related protein subfamilies. | the present study supports the view that the retinoblastoma functions are shared by two distinct retinoblastoma-related (rbr) protein subfamilies in the monocot cereal species, whereas dicot plants have only a single rbr protein. genes encoding rbr proteins were identified and characterized in alfalfa (medicago sativa), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum). the alfalfa msrbr gene encodes a new member of the dicot rbr proteins (subfamily a). a comparison was made of two rice genes, ... | 2007 | 17389586 |
| mycotoxin producing fusarium species associated with plant disease on potato, wheat, corn and animal diseases in northwest iran. | there were some plant diseases on potato, wheat, corn, bean and animal diseases such as feed refusal, weight loss, death of cattle and sheep as well as chicken mortality in northwest iran. infected plants were collected and cultured in pda as common medium and peptone pcnb agar (ppa) as selective medium for fusarium species after surface sterilization with sodium hypochlorite. several fusarium species were isolated from samples counting potato tubers, wheat, corn, plant residues and animal feeds ... | 2006 | 17390876 |
| occurrence of viruses infecting pea in iran. | a survey was conducted to determine the incidence of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv), broad bean wilt virus-1 (bbwv), pea leafroll virus (plrv), pea enation mosaic virus (pemv), pea seed borne mosaic virus (psbmv), potato virus x(pvx), tomato mosaic virus (tomv), tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) on pea (pisum sativum) in iran. a total of 1276 random and 684 symptomatic pea samples were collected during the spring and summer of 2002-2004 in tehran province of iran, whe ... | 2006 | 17390891 |
| rhizobium cellulosilyticum sp. nov., isolated from sawdust of populus alba. | during a study of polysaccharide-hydrolysing bacteria present in different plant sources, two strains were isolated from pulverized decaying wood of populus alba and classified in the genus rhizobium on basis of their almost complete 16s rrna gene sequences. their closest phylogenetic relatives were rhizobium galegae usda 4128(t) and rhizobium huautlense s02(t), with 98.2 and 98.1 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity, respectively. reca and atpd sequence analysis showed that these species have le ... | 2007 | 17392217 |
| alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein bridges rna and rna-dependent rna polymerase in vitro. | alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rna replication requires the viral coat protein (cp). amv cp is an integral component of the viral replicase; moreover, it binds to the viral rna 3'-termini and induces the formation of multiple new base pairs that organize the rna conformation. the results described here suggest that amv coat protein binding defines template selection by organizing the 3'-terminal rna conformation and by positioning the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) at the initiation site for mi ... | 2007 | 17400272 |
| daily dry matter intake to sustain body weight of mature, nonlactating, nonpregnant cows. | to quantify the relationship between dm consumption, the ability to sustain bw per unit of dmi (bw stasis), and days to reach bw equilibrium among diverse cattle breeds, weekly individual cow bw and dmi data were recorded for mature, nonpregnant, and nonlactating cows sampled from angus, braunvieh, charolais, hereford, gelbvieh, limousin, pinzgauer, red poll, and simmental breeds. within each breed, cows were assigned to receive 1 of 4 daily dm allowances (56, 76, 93, or 111 g.bw(-0.75, kg)) of ... | 2007 | 17400974 |
| amelioration of alkali soil using flue gas desulfurization byproducts: productivity and environmental quality. | in this study, flue gas desulfurization (fgd) byproducts are used to ameliorate alkali soil. the average application rates for soils with low exchangeable sodium percentage (esp), mid esp, and high esp are 20.9, 30.6, and 59.3 mg ha(-1), respectively. the experimental results obtained for 3 consecutive years reveal that the emergence ratios and yields of the crops were 1.1-7.6 times and 1.1-13.9 times those of the untreated control, respectively. the concentrations of cr, pb, cd, as, and hg in t ... | 2008 | 17412469 |
| us courts thwart gm alfalfa and turf grass. | | 2007 | 17420729 |
| antiviral activity of oxidized polyamines. | polyamines, oxidized by serum amine oxidase, yield aminoaldehydes and hydrogen peroxide. acrolein may be formed from the aminoaldehydes by a spontaneous beta-elimination process. these oxidation products "oxidized polyamines" inhibit bacterial growth and exhibit anticancer activity. the antimicrobial activity of oxidized polyamines is not limited to bacteria; and the inactivation of bacterial viruses, plant viruses and animal viruses, was also reported. bacteriophages of the t-odd series are per ... | 2007 | 17429570 |
| effects of chop length of alfalfa and corn silage on milk production and rumen fermentation of dairy cows. | effects of chop length (shorter = 10 mm or longer = 19 mm) of alfalfa silage and corn silage were determined in 16 midlactation holstein cows using a 4 x 4 latin square design with a 2 x 2 arrangement of treatments. experimental periods were 21 d long and consisted of 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. cows received total mixed ration containing (dry matter basis) 44.0% barley grain-based energy supplement, 12.6% protein supplement, and 21.7% longer chop or shorter chop alfalfa silage and 2 ... | 2007 | 17430939 |
| estimation of the proportion of feed protein digested in the small intestine of cattle consuming wet corn gluten feed. | the objectives of this study were to expand the database and determine the intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein (drup) of common dairy feeds and to determine the effects of feeding 37.9% wet corn gluten feed on these estimates. two ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers were assigned randomly to a crossover design with 4-wk periods. the mobile bag technique was used to determine rumen undegradable protein (rup), drup, total tract digestible protein, and total tract digestib ... | 2007 | 17430941 |
| control of gastrointestinal nematodes with copper oxide wire particles in a flock of lactating polypay ewes and offspring in iowa, usa. | copper oxide wire particles (cowp) have been used to reduce infection of haemonchus contortus in hair breed lambs in southeastern usa without signs of copper toxicity. however, copper sensitivity among breeds and regions varies. the objective was to determine the effectiveness and safety of cowp in lactating polypay ewes and their offspring grazing alfalfa/bluegrass pasture in a rotational grazing system. mature polypay ewes were administered 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 g (n=8 or 9/dose) cowp approximately ... | 2007 | 17433548 |
| comparison of in vitro fermentation and molecular microbial profiles of high-fiber feed substrates incubated with chicken cecal inocula. | high fiber and nonstarch polysaccharide-based poultry diets have received more interest recently for retaining or promoting beneficial gastrointestinal microbial populations. the objective of this study was to investigate and compare the in vitro potential fermentability of high-fiber feed substrates (hffs) by laying hen cecal microflora. feed sources examined included soybean meal, soybean hull, beet pulp, wheat middlings, ground sorghum, cottonseed meal, 100% alfalfa meal, 90% alfalfa + 10% co ... | 2007 | 17435012 |
| alfalfa living mulch advances biological control of soybean aphid. | despite evidence for biological control in north america, outbreaks of the invasive soybean aphid, aphis glycines matsumura (hemiptera: aphididae), continue to occur on soybean (glycine max l. merr.). our objectives were to determine whether natural enemies delay aphid establishment and limit subsequent population growth and whether biological control can be improved by altering the within-field habitat. we hypothesized that a living mulch would increase the abundance of the aphidophagous commun ... | 2007 | 17445377 |
| parasitic hymenoptera fauna on agromyzidae (diptera) colonizing weeds in ecological compensation areas in northern italian agroecosystems. | parasitoids (hymenoptera) associated with agromyzid leafminers (diptera: agromyzidae) were studied in three rural farms located in northern italy. the parasitoids were reared from mined foliage of weeds growing in field margins. we reared 998 hymenoptera specimens, representing five families, 23 genera, and 53 species, from leafminers infesting weeds. eulophidae was the most abundant family (67.64%), followed by braconidae (28.86%), eucoilinae (1.40%), tetracampidae (1.40%), and pteromalidae (0. ... | 2007 | 17461050 |
| the response of carbon metabolism and antioxidant defenses of alfalfa nodules to drought stress and to the subsequent recovery of plants. | alfalfa (medicago sativa) plants were exposed to drought to examine the involvement of carbon metabolism and oxidative stress in the decline of nitrogenase (n(2)ase) activity. exposure of plants to a moderate drought (leaf water potential of -1.3 mpa) had no effect on sucrose (suc) synthase (ss) activity, but caused inhibition of n(2)ase activity (-43%), accumulation of succinate (+36%) and suc (+58%), and up-regulation of genes encoding cytosolic cuzn-superoxide dismutase (sod), plastid fesod, ... | 2007 | 17468213 |
| [tolc mutant of sinorhizobium meliloti strain skhm1-188 fails to establish effective symbiosis with alfalfa]. | the tolc mutant tr63 of sinorhizobium meliloti was generated by random tn5 mutagenesis in the effective strain skhm1-188. the mutant did not produce fluorescent halos in uv light on the lb medium containing calcofluor white, which suggests that modification occurred in the production of exopolysaccharide eps1. mutant tr63 also manifested nonmucoidness both on minimal and low-phosphate mops media, and this was most likely connected with the absence of the second exopolysaccharide of s. meliloti ( ... | 2007 | 17486750 |
| influence of pressed beet pulp and concentrated separator by-product on intake, gain, efficiency of gain, and carcass composition of growing and finishing beef steers. | the objectives of this experiment were to determine a ne value for pressed beet pulp and the value of concentrated separator by-product (de-sugared molasses) as a ruminal n source in growing and finishing diets for beef cattle. one hundred forty-four cross-bred beef steers (282 +/- 23 kg of initial bw) were used in 2 experiments (growing and finishing). a randomized complete block design was used, with a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (level of pressed beet pulp and inclusion of conce ... | 2007 | 17504950 |
| evaluation of calving seasons and marketing strategies in northern great plains beef enterprises: i. cow-calf systems. | a bioeconomic computer model was used to evaluate alternate calving seasons in a cow-calf enterprise under range conditions representative of the northern great plains. the simulated ranch utilized a rotational breeding system based on hereford and angus and had a fixed forage base (4,500 animal unit months of native range, 520 t of grass hay, and 183 t of alfalfa hay). calving seasons studied were spring (sp, beginning march 15), summer (su, beginning may 15), and fall (fa, beginning august 15) ... | 2007 | 17504951 |
| effects of dietary strong acid anion challenge on regulation of acid-base balance in sheep. | the acid-base status of the extracellular fluid is directly affected by the concentrations of strong basic cations and strong acid anions that are absorbed into the bloodstream from the diet. the objective of this study was to develop and characterize a model for dietary acid challenge in sheep by decreasing the dietary cation-anion difference (dcad) using nutrichlor (hcl-treated canola meal), an anionic feed supplement. ten fully fleeced sheep (rideau-arcott, 54.3 +/- 6.7 kg of bw) were fed eit ... | 2007 | 17504956 |
| mscys1, a developmentally-regulated cystatin from alfalfa. | several roles have been attributed to cystatins in plants, ranging from the regulation of host [endogenous] cysteine proteases to the inhibition of herbivorous pest [exogenous] proteases. we report here the cloning, expression and functional characterization of a novel cystatin from alfalfa, medicago sativa l. the new sequence, isolated from a cdna expression library prepared from young leaves, encodes a protein, mscys1, with the typical inhibitory motifs of cystatins, namely the central signatu ... | 2007 | 17507234 |
| characterization of the cultivable microbiota of sprouts and their potential for application as protective cultures. | the microbiota of ten seeds and ready-to-eat sprouts produced thereof was characterized by bacteriological culture and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of amplified dna fragments of the 16s rrna gene. the predominant bacterial biota of hydroponically grown sprouts mainly consisted of enterobacteria, pseudomonades and lactic acid bacteria (lab). for adzuki, alfalfa, mung bean, radish, sesame and wheat, the ratio of these bacterial groups changed strongly in the course of germination ... | 2007 | 17512686 |
| altering physically effective fiber intake through forage proportion and particle length: chewing and ruminal ph. | alfalfa silages varying in theoretical chop length and diets high and low in forage proportion were used to evaluate whether increasing the physically effective (pe) neutral detergent fiber (ndf) content of dairy cow diets reduces the risk of acidosis. the experiment was designed as a replicated 4 x 4 latin square using 8 ruminally cannulated lactating dairy cows. treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design; 2 forage particle lengths (fpl) of alfalfa silage (short and long) were combine ... | 2007 | 17517723 |
| diet supplementation with fish oil and sunflower oil to increase conjugated linoleic acid levels in milk fat of partially grazing dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine the long-term effect on milk conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 cla) of adding fish oil (fo) and sunflower oil (sfo) to the diets of partially grazing dairy cows. fourteen holstein cows were divided into 2 groups (7 cows/treatment) and fed either a control or oil-supplemented diet for 8 wk while partially grazing pasture. cows in group 1 were fed a grain mix diet (8.0 kg/d, dm basis) containing 400 g of saturated animal fat (control). cows in t ... | 2007 | 17517729 |
| assessing effects of transgenic crops on soil microbial communities. | deleterious effects of transgenic plants on soils represent an often expressed concern, which has catalyzed numerous studies in the recent past. in this literature review, studies addressing this question have been compiled. a total of 60 studies has been found, and their findings as well as their analytical approaches are summarized. these studies analyzed the effects of seven different types of genetically engineered traits, i.e., herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, virus resistance, prote ... | 2007 | 17522827 |
| influence of endosperm vitreousness and kernel moisture at harvest on site and extent of digestion of high-moisture corn by feedlot steers. | six ruminally and duodenally cannulated angus-jersey crossbred steers (450 kg of bw) were used in a 6 x 6 latin square to evaluate the effect of kernel vitreousness and moisture on intake and digestibility of high-moisture corn. arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial, diets included a floury (flo) or a vitreous (vit) endosperm corn hybrid harvested at 28.1% (dry), 31.2% (mid), or 35.7% (wet) kernel moisture content. diet dm consisted of 88.25% high-moisture corn, 6% chopped alfalfa hay, 2% corn gluten me ... | 2007 | 17526666 |
| effect of yeast culture on in vitro fermentation of a high-concentrate or high-fiber diet using equine fecal inoculum in a daisy ii incubator. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of a closed system, fermentation apparatus (daisy ii incubator) and determine the effects of a yeast culture (yc) preparation (saccharomyces cerevisiae) on in vitro microbial populations, diet digestion, and fermentation patterns in horses. in exp. 1, 4 mature horses were fed a pelleted concentrate and alfalfa cubes in a 50:50 (%, as-fed) ratio. fecal samples were taken from each horse to form the inoculum and placed in 4 separate incubation ves ... | 2007 | 17526668 |
| hemodynamic responses of the caudal artery to toxic tall fescue in beef heifers. | color doppler ultrasonography was used to compare blood flow characteristics in the caudal artery of heifers fed diets with endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum) infected (e+) or noninfected (e-) tall fescue seed. eighteen crossbred (angus x brangus) heifers were assigned to 6 pens and were fed chopped alfalfa hay for 5 d and chopped alfalfa hay plus a concentrate that contained e-tall fescue seed for 9 d during an adjustment period. an 11-d experimental period followed, with animals in 3 pens f ... | 2007 | 17526671 |
| functional characterization of the sinorhizobium meliloti acetate metabolism genes acea, smc00767, and glcb. | the genes encoding malate synthase (glcb) and isocitrate lyase (acea) and a 240-bp open reading frame (smc00767) located downstream of acea were isolated and functionally characterized in sinorhizobium meliloti. independent and double interposon mutants of each gene were constructed, and the corresponding phenotypes were analyzed. acea mutants failed to grow on acetate, and mutants deficient in smc00767 were also affected in acetate utilization. in contrast, mutants deficient in glcb grew on ace ... | 2007 | 17526694 |
| ddt uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal alfalfa and depletion in soil as influenced by soil application of a non-ionic surfactant. | a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the colonization of alfalfa roots by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus glomus etunicatum and application of the non-ionic surfactant triton x-100 on ddt uptake by alfalfa and depletion in soil. mycorrhizal colonization led to an increase in the accumulation of ddt in roots but a decrease in shoots. the combination of am inoculation and triton x-100 application enhanced ddt uptake by both the roots and shoots. application of triton x-1 ... | 2008 | 17560700 |
| influence of papermill sludge on growth of medicago sativa, festuca rubra and agropyron trachycaulum in gold mine tailings: a greenhouse study. | a greenhouse study was undertaken to determine the suitability of adding papermill sludge to neutral/alkaline gold mine tailings to improve the establishment of festuca rubra, agropyron trachycaulum and medicago sativa. festuca rubra root and shoot biomass and a. trachycaulum shoot biomass were increased with papermill sludge amendment. the addition of papermill sludge and fertilizer drastically increased the shoot and root biomass of m. sativa (20-30 times) while a. trachycaulum and f. rubra sh ... | 2008 | 17561322 |
| effects of restricted feeding of beef heifers during the postweaning period on growth, efficiency, and ultrasound carcass characteristics. | traits used for identification of replacement beef heifers and feeding levels provided during postweaning development may have major financial implications due to effects on maintenance requirements and level of lifetime production. the current study evaluated the effects of 2 levels of feeding during the postweaning period on growth, g:f, and ultrasound carcass measurements of heifers, and the associations among these traits. heifers (1/2 red angus, 1/4 charolais, and 1/4 tarentaise) born in 3 ... | 2007 | 17565051 |
| energy requirements and cow/calf efficiency of nellore and continental and british bos taurus x nellore crosses. | the objective of this work was to compare breed types with increasing percentage of bos taurus on cow/calf energy requirements and preweaning efficiency. forty mature, lactating, nonpregnant cows [10 nellore (nl), 10 canchim x nellore (cn), 10 angus x nellore (an), and 10 simmental x nellore (sn)] were randomized in blocks by calving date. calves from cross-bred cows were sired by canchim bulls (5/8 charolais + 3/8 zebu), whereas calves from nl cows were sired by nellore bulls. cows were individ ... | 2007 | 17565065 |
| transgenic alfalfa that accumulates piceid (trans-resveratrol-3-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside) requires the presence of beta-glucosidase to inhibit the formation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon of cf-1 mice. | plants have been genetically enhanced to produce a number of products for agricultural, industrial and pharmaceutical purposes. this technology could potentially be applied to providing chemoprevention strategies to the general population. resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a compound that has been shown to have protective activity against a number of cancers and could be an ideal candidate for such an application. alfalfa that was genetically modified to express resveratrol-synthase was ... | 2007 | 17571969 |
| use of faeces as an alternative inoculum to caecal content to study in vitro feed digestibility in domesticated ostriches (struthio camelus var. domesticus). | 1. in order to find an alternative source of inoculum to caecal content for studying the in vitro feed digestibility in domesticated ostriches (struthio camelus var. domesticus), caecal content and faeces of 4 male birds were used as inocula for an in vitro gas production trial. 2. about 1 g of each of 5 substrates (maize silage, cs; alfalfa hay, ah; barley, bg; soybean meal, sm; beet pulp, bp) was weighed, in quadruplicate per inoculum, in 120 ml flasks; 75 ml of anaerobic medium and 4 ml of re ... | 2007 | 17578699 |
| dietary cation-anion difference effects on performance and acid-base status of dairy cows postpartum. | our objective was to examine the effect of dietary cation-anion difference (dcad) on performance and acid-base status of cows postpartum. sixteen holstein and 8 jersey multiparous cows were used immediately after calving to compare 2 dcad [22 or 47 milliequivalents (na + k - cl - s)/100 g of dry matter (dm)] in a completely randomized design. the corn silage-based diets were formulated to contain 19.0% crude protein, 25.4% neutral detergent fiber, 15.0% acid detergent fiber, and 1.69 mcal of net ... | 2007 | 17582122 |
| altering physically effective fiber intake through forage proportion and particle length: digestion and milk production. | intake of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (pendf) of dairy cows was altered by adjusting the proportion of forage in the diet and forage particle length, and effects on nutrient intake, site and extent of digestion, microbial n synthesis, and milk production were measured. the experiment was designed as a triplicated 4 x 4 latin square using 12 lactating dairy cows, with 4 that were ruminally and duodenally cannulated, 4 that were ruminally cannulated, and 4 that were intact. thus, ... | 2007 | 17582126 |
| inhibition of the catalase activity from phaseolus vulgaris and medicago sativa by sodium chloride. | changes in catalase activity during the development of the rhizobium-legume symbiosis as well as its response in salinized plants of phaseolus vulgaris and medicago sativa, was studied. besides, it was examined the behavior of the enzyme, isolated from leaves and root nodules, during in vitro incubation with nacl doses. nodule catalase activities of both legumes were assayed with several enzyme inhibitors and also purified. leaf catalase activity of phaseolus vulgaris and medicago sativa decreas ... | 2007 | 17583521 |
| in vitro anaerobic incubation of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium and laying hen cecal bacteria in poultry feed substrates and a fructooligosaccharide prebiotic. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of combining a prebiotic with poultry feeds on the growth of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (st) in an in vitro cecal fermentation system. cecal contents from three laying hens were pooled and diluted to a 1:3000 concentration in an anaerobic dilution solution. the cecal dilution was added to sterile test tubes filled with alfalfa and layer ration with and without fructooligosaccharide (fos). two controls containing cecal diluti ... | 2007 | 17588782 |
| laboratory determination of compost physical parameters for modeling of airflow characteristics. | physical parameters of 12 co-compost cover materials were experimentally determined and predicted variations in airflow characteristics were evaluated under varying moisture contents. predicted air-filled porosity showed high correlation with measured air-filled porosity, facilitating development of a reliable model of air-filled porosity that makes it possible to predict the effect of varying moisture content and compost bed height on air-filled porosity and permeability. predicted air-filled p ... | 2008 | 17590325 |
| uptake of microcystins-lr and -lf (cyanobacterial toxins) in seedlings of several important agricultural plant species and the correlation with cellular damage (lipid peroxidation). | plants used for agriculture may come into contact with cyanobacterial toxins via spray irrigation when surface water bodies containing cyanobacteria are used as the water source. as many of the bloom forming cyanobacteria are known to produce a variety of toxins, the possibility of uptake of toxins in these plants seems possible. with this study the uptake of two microcystins (mc-lr and mc-lf) as well as mc-lr within a cyanobacterial crude extract in several important agricultural plants is pres ... | 2007 | 17607734 |
| a dose-response study relating the concentration of carotenoid pigments in blood and reflectance spectrum characteristics of fat to carotenoid intake level in sheep. | this study was conducted to describe the dose-response curve relating the concentration of carotenoid pigments in plasma and reflectance spectrum characteristics of fat to the carotenoid intake level in sheep, and to investigate the extent to which incorporation of dehydrated alfalfa in the diet affects the reliability of the discrimination between concentrate-fed and pasture-fed lambs based on these measurements. in exp. 1, 6 treatments were compared in individually penned lambs: feeding 0, 250 ... | 2007 | 17609467 |
| development of lucerne (medicago sativa l.) treated with mineral fertilizer and manure at optimal and water deficit conditions. | a study on the effect of different rates of mineral fertilizer and manure on yield parameters of lucerne under optimal and water deficit conditions was carried out. leached chernozem soil and lucerne cultivar victoria were used. the soil was treated with ammonium nitrate and fully matured cattle manure. the plants were grown under optimum moisture content of 80% and 40% of field capacity. the water deficit stress decreased top and root biomass by 11-75% and 3-29% at mineral and organic fertiliza ... | 2006 | 17612346 |
| [the effect of combined and separate inoculation of alfalfa plants with azospirillum lipoferum and sinorhizobium meliloti on denitrification and nitrogen-fixing activities]. | the effects of associative nitrogen fixer azospirillum lipoferum strain 137 and root nodule bacteria sinorhizobium meliloti after combined and separate inoculation of alfalfa seedlings on the background of mineral nitrogen applied at various times were studied. it was demonstrated that exudates of the alfalfa seedlings with the first pair of cotyledonary leaves already provide a high activity of these bacteria in the rhizosphere. to 74.6% of the introduced nitrate was transformed into n2o when t ... | 2007 | 17619579 |
| molting in salmonella enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. i. salmonella enteritidis colonization and virulence gene hila response. | the objectives of this study were to enumerate salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis colonization in fecal, cecal, and internal organs, and to compare the level of virulence gene expression (hila) of experimentally challenged laying hens fed different dietary molt-induction regimens. twelve salmonella-free single comb leghorn hens (>50 wk old) hens were randomly assigned to each of 6 treatment groups designated based on diet in 2 trials: 1) feed withdrawal salmonella enteritidis-positive (fw+) ... | 2007 | 17626806 |
| how rhizobial symbionts invade plants: the sinorhizobium-medicago model. | nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria and leguminous plants have evolved complex signal exchange mechanisms that allow a specific bacterial species to induce its host plant to form invasion structures through which the bacteria can enter the plant root. once the bacteria have been endocytosed within a host-membrane-bound compartment by root cells, the bacteria differentiate into a new form that can convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. bacterial differentiation and nitrogen fixation are depend ... | 2007 | 17632573 |
| evaluating the conjugated linoleic acid and trans 18:1 isomers in milk fat of dairy cows fed increasing amounts of sunflower oil and a constant level of fish oil. | the objective was to evaluate different levels of sun-flower oil (sfo) in dairy rations to increase vaccenic (trans-11-18:1) and rumenic acids (cis-9,trans-11-18:2) in milk fat, and assess the content and composition of other trans-octadecenoic (trans-18:1) and conjugated linoleic acids (cla) isomers. eighty lactating holstein cows were fed control diets for 4 wk and then placed on 4 diets for 38 d; milk fat was analyzed after 10 and 38 d. the treatments were: control, 1.5% sfo plus 0.5% fish oi ... | 2007 | 17638990 |
| depression in feed intake by a highly fermentable diet is related to plasma insulin concentration and insulin response to glucose infusion. | the effects of dietary starch fermentability on feed intake and nutrient digestibility were evaluated in a crossover study, which was also designed to find factors that predict individual variation in feed intake response to starch fermentability. thirty-two multiparous holstein cows (121 +/- 48 d in milk, 44 +/- 7 kg/d of milk yield; mean +/- sd) were randomly assigned to treatment sequence and were fed a diet intermediate to the treatments during a preliminary 28-d period. treatments were dry ... | 2007 | 17638994 |
| the expr/sin quorum-sensing system controls succinoglycan production in sinorhizobium meliloti. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a gram-negative soil bacterium capable of forming a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing relationship with its plant host, medicago sativa. various bacterially produced factors are essential for successful nodulation. for example, at least one of two exopolysaccharides produced by s. meliloti (succinoglycan or eps ii) is required for nodule invasion. both of these polymers are produced in high- and low-molecular-weight (hmw and lmw, respectively) fractions; however, only the lmw f ... | 2007 | 17644606 |
| population genetic structure based on ssr markers in alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) from various regions contiguous to the centres of origin of the species. | | 2007 | 17656850 |
| 'candidatus phytoplasma lycopersici', a phytoplasma associated with 'hoja de perejil' disease in bolivia. | new diseases known locally as 'hoja de perejil' of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill) and 'brotes grandes' of potato (solanum tuberosum l.) were first recognized in surveys of production fields in bolivia during 2000-2003. alfalfa (medicago sativa) witches' broom and little leaf diseases of native weeds morrenia variegata and mora-mora (serjania perulacea) were also identified near to production fields. phytoplasma aetiology was attributed to each of these diseases following detection and ini ... | 2007 | 17684241 |
| thermal inactivation of salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7 on alfalfa seeds. | alfalfa seeds inoculated with five strains of salmonella or escherichia coli o157:h7 were subjected to dry heat at 55 degrees c for up to 8 days. five-log reductions in salmonella or e. coli o157:h7 on seeds were observed. no pathogens were detected on the sprouted seeds, which were initially inoculated with ca. 2 log cfu/g of salmonella or more than 8 log cfu/g of e. coli o157:h7. the percentages of germination of the alfalfa seeds did not significantly decrease after 6 days of heating at 55 de ... | 2007 | 17685345 |
| prediction of mhc binding peptides and epitopes from alfalfa mosaic virus. | peptide fragments from alfalfa mosaic virus involved multiple antigenic components directing and empowering the immune system to protect the host from infection. mhc molecules are cell surface proteins, which take active part in host immune reactions and involvement of mhc class-i & ii in response to almost all antigens. coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus contains 221 aa residues. analysis found five mhc ligands in coat protein as 64-lssfnglgv-72; 86- rileedliy-94; 96-mvfsitpsy-104; 100- itpsy ... | 2007 | 17691913 |
| short communication: effect of increasing levels of corn bran on milk yield and composition. | thirty-nine lactating holstein cows (23 multiparous and 16 primiparous) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments in a crossover design. dietary treatments differed by the proportion of corn bran [10, 17.5, and 25% dry matter (dm); designated as low, medium, and high] replacing corn silage and alfalfa. the corn bran coproduct contained 8.2% moisture and 12.9% crude protein, 30.4% neutral detergent fiber (ndf), and 45.0% nonfiber carbohydrate, 9.9% ether extract, and 0.70% p (dm basis). ... | 2007 | 17699051 |
| manure nutrient excretion by lactating cows fed exogenous phytase and cellulase. | the effect of an exogenous phytase and cellulase-containing enzyme formulation on nutrient digestibility and excretion was evaluated in 24 holstein cows. cows were fed corn silage- and alfalfa silage-based diets with or without a cellulase-phytase blend for 31 d in a continuous random design. treatment groups were balanced for parity, days in milk, and mature-equivalent projected milk yield. diets contained 37% forage, 18.3% crude protein, 35.4% neutral detergent fiber, 18% acid detergent fiber, ... | 2007 | 17699056 |
| molt performance and bone density of cortical, medullary, and cancellous bone in laying hens during feed restriction or alfalfa-based feed molt. | a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of alfalfa-based molt diets on molting performance and bone qualities. a total of 36 single comb white leghorn hens were used for the study. there were 6 treatments: pretrial control (pc), fully fed (ff), feed withdrawal (fw), 90% alfalfa:10% layer ration (a90), 80% alfalfa:20% layer ration (a80), and 70% alfalfa:30% layer ration (a70). for the pc treatment, hens were euthanized by co(2) gas, and bones were collected before molt was initiated. at the ... | 2007 | 17704367 |
| effect of polysavone (alfalfa extract) on abdominal fat deposition and immunity in broiler chickens. | two hundred 1-day-old male commercial arbor acres broiler birds were randomly distributed to a control group and a polysavone group (5 replicates of 20 birds each) to investigate the influence of polysavone, a natural extract from alfalfa, on abdominal fat deposition and immunity in broiler chickens. birds in the control group were supplied with a basal diet, and 0.06% polysavone was added to the basal diet of birds in the polysavone group. body weight and feed consumption for each replicate wer ... | 2007 | 17704384 |
| neutral detergent-soluble fiber improves gut barrier function in twenty-five-day-old weaned rabbits. | the effect of neutral detergent-soluble fiber level on gut barrier function and intestinal microbiota was examined in weaned rabbits. a control diet (ah) containing 103 g of neutral detergent-soluble fiber/ kg of dm included alfalfa hay as main source of fiber. another diet (b-ap) was formulated by replacing half of the alfalfa hay with a mixture of beet and apple pulp resulting in 131 g of soluble fiber/kg of dm. a third diet (oh) was obtained by substituting half of the alfalfa hay with a mix ... | 2007 | 17709783 |
| host plants of the tarnished plant bug (heteroptera: miridae) in central texas. | the tarnished plant bug, lygus lineolaris (palisot de beauvois), has taken on added importance as a pest of cotton in the cotton belt after successful eradication efforts for the boll weevil (anthonomus grandis grandis boheman). because the southern blacklands region of central texas is in advanced stages of boll weevil eradication, blooming weeds and selected row crops were sampled during a 3-yr study to determine lygus species composition and associated temporal host plants. l. lineolaris was ... | 2007 | 17716463 |
| field parasitism of nontarget weevil species (coleoptera: curculionidae) by the introduced biological control agent microctonus aethiopoides loan (hymenoptera: braconidae) over an altitude gradient. | the parasitoid, microctonus aethiopoides loan (hymenoptera: braconidae) was introduced into new zealand in 1982 to control the alfalfa pest, sitona discoideus gyllenhal (coleoptera: curculionidae). studies have shown that a number of nontarget weevil species are attacked in the field by this parasitoid. a field study was carried out to investigate nontarget parasitism by m. aethiopoides over an altitudinal sequence from the target host habitat (alfalfa) into native grassland. three locations wer ... | 2007 | 17716473 |
| antagonistic effects of soybean viruses on soybean aphid performance. | although there is long-standing recognition that pest complexes require different management approaches than individual pests, relatively little research has explored how pests interact. in particular, little is known of how herbivorous insects and plant pathogens interact when sharing the same host plant. the soybean aphid, aphis glycines mastumura, a recently introduced pest of soybean in the upper midwestern united states, and a complex of plant viruses vectored to soybean by insects have bec ... | 2007 | 17716484 |
| enhancement of symbiotic dinitrogen fixation by a toxin-releasing plant pathogen. | an approximate doubling in plant growth, total plant nitrogen, nodulation, and overall dinitrogen fixation of alfalfa are the consequences of the action of a toxin delivered by a pseudomonas infesting the alfalfa rhizosphere. the toxin, tabtoxinine-beta-lactam, inactivates selectively one form of glutamine synthetase in the nodules. thus, normal glutamine synthetase-catalyzed ammonia assimilation is significantly impaired; yet these plants assimilated about twice the normal amount of nitrogen. h ... | 1988 | 17731443 |
| a new alfalfa leaf-spot in america. | | 1915 | 17742467 |
| the influence of spawn type and strain on yield, size and mushroom solids content of agaricus bisporus produced on non-composted and spent mushroom compost. | two crops of agaricus bisporus (j. lange) imbach were grown on mixtures of non-composted substrate (ncs)/spent mushroom compost (smc) or pasteurized phase ii compost (control). ncs consisted of oak sawdust (28% oven dry wt), millet (29%), rye (8%), peat (8%), ground alfalfa (4%), ground soybean (4%), wheat bran (9%), and caco3 (10%). substrates included 25/75 ncs/smc, 50/50 ncs/smc, and 75/25 ncs/smc, ncs and phase ii compost. spawn types and strains were evaluated for their effects on yield, bi ... | 2008 | 17761414 |
| ghrelin differentially modulates glucose-induced insulin secretion according to feeding status in sheep. | the present study was conducted to investigate roles of ghrelin in glucose-induced insulin secretion in fasting- and meal-fed state in sheep. castrated suffolk rams were fed a maintenance diet of alfalfa hay cubes once a day. hyperglycemic clamp (hgc) was carried out to examine glucose-induced insulin response from 48 to 53 h (fasting state) and from 3 to 8 h (meal-fed state) after feeding in experiment 1 and 2 respectively. total dose of 70 nmol/kg body weight of d-lys3-ghrp6, a gh secretagogue ... | 2007 | 17761901 |
| [effects of ca2+ on acid tolerance of medicago sativa and rhizobium meliloti]. | soil acidity is an important environmental factor hampering the effective symbiotic nitrogen fixation of rhizobium meliloti and its host plant medicag sativa. the study on the effects of ca2 + on the acid tolerance of m. sativa and r. meliloti showed that applying 5 and 10 mmol . l(-1) of ca2+ could promote the growth of r. meliloti and advance its log growth phase. under neutral ph condition, applying ca2+ didn't have any significant effects on root hair deformation, while under low ph conditio ... | 2007 | 17763721 |
| photosensitisation in sheep grazing alfalfa infested with aphids and ladybirds. | | 2007 | 17766813 |
| agglutinin from alfalfa necessary for binding and nodulation by rhizobium meliloti. | a protein that specifically agglutinates rhizobium meliloti, the alfalfa root nodule endosymbiont, has been purified from alfalfa seed. material cross-reactive to antiserum prepared against the purified agglutinin is present in all alfalfa varieties that were tested but is absent in corn and other legumes not nodulated by rhizobium meliloti. studies with nonnodulating mutants of this microorganism incapable of binding to alfalfa roots suggest that the agglutinin is responsible for specific recog ... | 1981 | 17780880 |
| the white-spot disease of alfalfa. | | 1918 | 17801705 |
| biosynthesis of 5-deoxyflavanones in microorganisms. | flavanones are the common precursors of plant polyphenolic compounds collectively known as flavonoids. leguminous plants have evolved a distinct class of flavanone molecules, known as 5-deoxyflavanones that play important roles in their symbiotic interactions. a four-step metabolic circuit was constructed in escherichia coli with plant genes from heterologous origins: 4-coumarate:coenzyme a ligase from petroselinum crispum, chalcone synthases (chs) from medicago sativa and petunia x hybrida and ... | 2007 | 17806100 |
| head capsule transmission of long-wavelength light in the curculionidae. | the head capsule of many weevils contains a region that transmits only far-red and near-infrared light. in the alfalfa weevil, hypera postica, this extraocular cutoff filter evidently works in conjunction with the compound eyes, enabling the insect to use visual cues in locating or recognizing its host plant. | 1977 | 17837083 |
| effects of steroidal implantation and ractopamine-hcl on nitrogen retention, blood metabolites and skeletal muscle gene expression in holstein steers. | six holstein steers (231 +/- 17 kg) housed in metabolism crates were used in a randomized complete block design with three blocks of two steers based on previous serum insulin-like growth factor (igf)-i concentrations. one of the two steers in each block was implanted with 120 mg trenbolone acetate and 24 mg oestradiol-17beta on day 0. none of the steers was fed ractopamine-hcl in the initial 28 days, and then all steers were fed 200 mg of ractopamine-hcl per steer daily from day 28 until the en ... | 2007 | 17845252 |
| effect of diet on the metabolic profile of ostriches (struthio camelus var. domesticus). | in order to study the metabolic profile of ostriches in relation to diet, 40 animals of both sexes were divided equally into two groups and fed two diets ad libitum consisting, on a dry matter basis, of the same commercial concentrate (60%) for the two groups and of corn silage (group a) or alfalfa hay (group b). in the morning, after about 12 h of fasting, blood was collected from the wing vein. the following haematological parameters were determined with an automatic system (ektachem 250 analy ... | 2007 | 17847821 |
| plant defensins and virally encoded fungal toxin kp4 inhibit plant root growth. | plant defensins are small, highly stable, cysteine-rich antimicrobial proteins that are thought to constitute an important component of plant defense against fungal pathogens. there are a number of such defensins expressed in various plant tissues with differing antifungal activity and spectrum. relatively little is known about the modes of action and biological roles of these proteins. our previous work on a virally encoded fungal toxin, kp4, from ustilago maydis and subsequently with the plant ... | 2008 | 17849147 |
| the role of cellulose and o-antigen capsule in the colonization of plants by salmonella enterica. | numerous salmonellosis outbreaks have been associated with vegetables, in particular sprouted seed. thin aggregative fimbriae (tafi), a component of the extracellular matrix responsible for multicellular behavior, are important for salmonella enterica attachment and colonization of plants. here, we demonstrate that the other surface polymers composing the extracellular matrix, cellulose, and o-antigen capsule also play a role in colonization of plants. mutations in bacterial cellulose synthesis ... | 2007 | 17849711 |
| development of an in planta method for transformation of alfalfa (medicago sativa). | conventional methods in transforming alfalfa (medicago sativa) require multiple tissue culture manipulations that are time-consuming and expensive, while applicable only to a few highly regenerable genotypes. here, we describe a simple in planta method that makes it possible to transform a commercial variety without employing selectable marker genes. basically, young seedlings are cut at the apical node, cold-treated, and vigorously vortexed in an agrobacterium suspension also containing sand. a ... | 2008 | 17851774 |
| molting in salmonella enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. ii. fermentation and microbial ecology response. | the objective of this study was to examine microbial population shifts and short-chain fatty acid (scfa) responses in the gastrointestinal tract of salmonella enteritidis-challenged molted and nonmolted hens fed different dietary regimens. fifteen salmonella-free single comb leghorn hens (>50 wk old) were assigned to 3 treatment groups of 5 birds each based on diet in 2 trials: 100% alfalfa crumbles (alc), full-fed (ff, nonmolted) 100% commercial layer ration, and feed withdrawal (fw). a forced ... | 2007 | 17878438 |
| the cultivation bias: different communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi detected in roots from the field, from bait plants transplanted to the field, and from a greenhouse trap experiment. | the community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) was investigated in roots of four different plant species (inula salicina, medicago sativa, origanum vulgare, and bromus erectus) sampled in (1) a plant species-rich calcareous grassland, (2) a bait plant bioassay conducted directly in that grassland, and (3) a greenhouse trap experiment using soil and a transplanted whole plant from that grassland as inoculum. roots were analyzed by amf-specific nested polymerase chain reaction, re ... | 2007 | 17879101 |
| effects of corn silage derived from a genetically modified variety containing two transgenes on feed intake, milk production, and composition, and the absence of detectable transgenic deoxyribonucleic acid in milk in holstein dairy cows. | the objectives were to compare the chemical composition, nutritive value, feed intake, milk production and composition, and presence in milk of transgenic dna and the encoded protein cry1ab when corn silages containing 2 transgenes (2gm: herbicide tolerance: mepsps and insect resistance: cry1ab) were fed as part of a standard total mixed ration (tmr) compared with a near isogenic corn silage (c) to 8 multiparous lactating holstein dairy cows in a single reversal design study. cows were fed a tmr ... | 2007 | 17881694 |
| the effect of feeding a dry enzyme mixture with fibrolytic activity on the performance of lactating cows and digestibility of a diet for sheep. | a dry enzyme mixture was added to the diets of lactating cows and growing lambs to evaluate its ability to improve milk production and nutrient digestibility, respectively. the enzyme mixture contained xylanase and cellulase activity over a broad range of ph (tested from 4 to 7). twenty-four lactating cows between 50 and 150 d in milk and averaging about 40 kg of milk/ d were fed a total mixed ration (tmr) consisting of 26% [dry matter (dm) basis] corn silage, 17% alfalfa silage, 7% chopped alfa ... | 2007 | 17881695 |
| milk conjugated linoleic acid response to fish oil and sunflower oil supplementation to dairy cows managed under two feeding systems. | earlier research showed that conjugated linoleic acid (cla) content in milk fat is highest when cows' diets are supplemented with a blend of fish oil (fo) and linoleic acid-rich oils. the objective of this study was to compare the effect of fo and sunflower oil (sfo) supplementation on milk cis-9, trans-11 cla when dairy cows managed on pasture or in confinement. fourteen holstein cows were assigned into 2 treatment groups: cows grazed on alfalfa-grass pasture (pas) or were fed corn silage-alfal ... | 2007 | 17881699 |
| effect of alfalfa silage storage structure and roasting corn on production and ruminal metabolism of lactating dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine if feeding roasted corn would improve production and nutrient utilization when supplemented to lactating cows fed 1 of 3 different alfalfa silages (as). forty-two lactating holstein cows (6 fitted with ruminal cannulas) averaging 77 d in milk and 43 kg of milk/d pretrial were assigned to 2 cyclic changeover designs. treatments were as ensiled in bag, bunker, or o2-limiting tower silos and supplemented with ground shelled corn (gsc) or roasted gsc (rgs ... | 2007 | 17881702 |
| genetic and physical localization of an anthracnose resistance gene in medicago truncatula. | anthracnose of alfalfa, caused by the fungal pathogen colletotrichum trifolii, is one of the most destructive diseases of alfalfa worldwide. an improved understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying host resistance will facilitate the development of resistant alfalfa cultivars, thus providing the most efficient and environmentally sound strategy to control alfalfa diseases. unfortunately, cultivated alfalfa has an intractable genetic system because of its tetrasomic inheritanc ... | 2007 | 17891371 |
| predicting perchlorate exposure in milk from concentrations in dairy feed. | perchlorate has been detected in u.s. milk samples from many different states. applying data from a recently reported 9-week experiment in which 16 holstein dairy cows were administered perchlorate allowed us to derive an equation for the dose-response relationship between perchlorate concentrations in feed/drinking water and its appearance in milk. examination of background concentrations of perchlorate in the total mixed ration (tmr) fed in addition to the variable dose supplied to treated cow ... | 2007 | 17892259 |
| isolation and characterization of a cdna encoding a papain-like cysteine protease from alfalfa. | protein hydrolyzation is activated and involved in response to various stress signals. in the present study, a full-length cdna, named mscp1, encoding a papain-like cysteine protease was obtained by degenerated primers and 3'- and 5'-race from salt-tolerant alfalfa. the cdna contained an open reading frame encoding a deduced protein of 350 amino acids with a putative n-terminal signal peptide, npir vacuole-sorting signal sequence and potential n-linked glycosylation sites. the deduced sequence s ... | 2008 | 17896221 |
| optimum moisture levels for biodegradation of mortality composting envelope materials. | moisture affects the physical and biological properties of compost and other solid-state fermentation matrices. aerobic microbial systems experience different respiration rates (oxygen uptake and co2 evolution) as a function of moisture content and material type. in this study the microbial respiration rates of 12 mortality composting envelope materials were measured by a pressure sensor method at six different moisture levels. a wide range of respiration (1.6-94.2mg o2/g vs-day) rates were obse ... | 2008 | 17900890 |
| biological detection and analysis of mercury toxicity to alfalfa (medicago sativa) plants. | mercury has become one of the major causes of toxic metal pollution in agricultural lands. accumulation of mercury by plants may disrupt many cellular functions and block growth and development. to assess mercury toxicity, we performed an experiment focusing on the responses of alfalfa (medicago sativa) to hg(2+)-induced oxidative stress. alfalfa plants were treated with 0-40microm hgcl(2) for 7d. the concentrations of hg(2+) were positively correlated with the generation of o2- and h(2)o(2) in ... | 2008 | 17905409 |
| glucosylceramide synthase is essential for alfalfa defensin-mediated growth inhibition but not for pathogenicity of fusarium graminearum. | antifungal defensins, msdef1 and mtdef4, from medicago spp., inhibit the growth of a fungal pathogen, fusarium graminearum, at micromolar concentrations. however, molecular mechanisms by which they inhibit the growth of this fungus are not known. we have characterized a functional role of the fungal sphingolipid glucosylceramide in regulating sensitivity of the fungus to msdef1 and mtdef4. a null mutation of the fggcs1 gene encoding glucosylceramide synthase results in a mutant lacking glucosylc ... | 2007 | 17908205 |
| effect of live yeast culture supplementation on apparent digestibility and rate of passage in horses fed a high-fiber or high-starch diet. | eight crossbred male horses aged 12 +/- 5 yr and with bw of 305 +/- 18 kg were used in pairs in a 4 x 4 latin square design with 4 ground and pelleted diets. each pair included a cecum and right ventral colon-fistulated animal and a cecal-fistulated animal. the 4 horse diets were a high-fiber diet (hf+0) based on dehydrated alfalfa, a high-starch diet based on barley and wheat bran (hs+0), and the hf or hs diets supplemented with saccharomyces cerevisiae (sc) cbs 493.94 (hf+sc and hs+sc). the pr ... | 2008 | 17911241 |
| h2o2 is required for optimal establishment of the medicago sativa/sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis. | the symbiotic interaction between medicago sativa and sinorhizobium meliloti rmkatb(++) overexpressing the housekeeping catalase katb is delayed, and this delay is combined with an enlargement of infection threads. this result provides evidence that h(2)o(2) is required for optimal progression of infection threads through the root hairs and plant cell layers. | 2007 | 17921312 |