| relationships between body condition score, body weight, and some nutritional parameters in plasma and resumption of ovarian cyclicity postpartum during pre-service period in high-producing dairy cows in a subtropical region in japan. | the objective of this study was to investigate the relationships among body condition score (bcs), body weight and plasma metabolite concentrations, and resumption of ovarian cycles postpartum in high-producing dairy cows in a subtropical region in japan. the study was conducted between may 2001 and january 2003 in a commercial dairy farm in hiroshima. cows were kept in free-stall barns with sawdust and wood shavings for bedding, and fed a total mixed ration consisting of alfalfa, timothy and oa ... | 2005 | 16054491 |
| identification of members of mycobacterium avium species by accu-probes, serotyping, and single is900, is901, is1245 and is901-flanking region pcr with internal standards. | from mycobacterium avium species mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (n=961), mycobacterium a. avium (n=677), mycobacterium a. silvaticum (n=5), and mycobacterium a. hominissuis (n=1566) were examined, and from mycobacterium tuberculosis complex m. tuberculosis (n=2), mycobacterium bovis (n=13), m. bovis bcg (n=4), and mycobacterium caprae (n=10) were examined. from other mycobacterial species mycobacterium intracellulare (n=60) and atypical mycobacteria (n=256) including mycobacterium f ... | 2006 | 16061296 |
| soluble methionine enhances accumulation of a 15 kda zein, a methionine-rich storage protein, in transgenic alfalfa but not in transgenic tobacco plants. | with the general aim of elevating the content of the essential amino acid methionine in vegetative tissues of plants, alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and tobacco plants, as well as by2 tobacco suspension cells, were transformed with a beta-zein::3ha gene under the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus encoding a rumen-stable methionine-rich storage protein of 15 kda zein. to examine whether soluble methionine content limited the accumulation of the 15 kda zein::3ha, methionine was first added to ... | 2005 | 16061510 |
| characterization of pseudomonas species isolated from the rhizosphere of plants grown in serozem soil, semi arid region of uzbekistan. | collections of native pseudomonas spp. are kept at the ncam of uzbekistan. some of those organisms were isolated from the rhizosphere of cotton, wheat, corn, melon, alfalfa, and tomato grown in field locations within a semi-arid region of uzbekistan. strains used for this study were pseudomonas alcaligenes, p. aurantiaca, p. aureofaciens, p. denitrificans, p. mendocina, p. rathonis, and p. stutzeri. some of the pseudomonads have been characterized in this report. these strains produced enzymes, ... | 2005 | 16075145 |
| replication of alfamo- and ilarviruses: role of the coat protein. | in the family bromoviridae, a mixture of the three genomic rnas of bromo-, cucumo-, and oleaviruses is infectious as such, whereas the rnas of alfamo- and ilarviruses require binding of a few molecules of coat protein (cp) to the 3' end to initiate infection. most studies on the early function of cp have been done on the alfamovirus alfalfa mosaic virus (amv). the 3' 112 nucleotides of amv rnas can adopt two different conformations. one conformer consists of a trna-like structure that, together ... | 2005 | 16078876 |
| behavior, preference for, and use of alfalfa, tall fescue, white clover, and buffalograss by pregnant gilts in an outdoor production system. | sustainable outdoor pig production requires vegetation that can maintain ground cover, assimilate manure nutrients, and prevent soil erosion. two experiments were conducted to evaluate the suitability of four forages: alfalfa (medicago sativa), tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), white clover (trifolium repens), and buffalograss (buchloe dactyloides) for grazing or ground cover in pastures for pigs. each forage plot covered 7.5 m2, with nine replicates in a randomized block design. in exp. 1, eig ... | 2005 | 16100078 |
| altering the fatty acids in milk fat by including canola seed in dairy cattle diets. | the objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding ground canola seed on the fatty acid profile, yield, and composition of milk from dairy cows. twenty-four multiparous holstein cows (548.3 +/- 11.9 kg body weight and 28 +/- 9 d in lactation) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: control (con) or ground canola seed treatment (gcs) with 14% [of diet dry matter (dm)] of the total ration as ground canola seed containing 34% lipid. diets contained 20% crude protein, but varied in net energy ... | 2005 | 16107397 |
| [a sinorhizoboium meliloti strain that can nodulate soybean plants]. | sinorhizobium meliloti xj96077 was isolated from root nodules of alfalfa (medicago sativa) in xinjiang region of china. nodulation experiments showed that both soybean and alfalfa were effectively nodulated by xj96077. the dna (g+ c) mol% of strain xj96077 was 61.9%. the dna homologies of strain xj96077 were 93% and 80% with s. meliloti usda1002t and 042bm, respectively. these results showed that xj96077 belongs to sinorhizobium meliloti. to prove the capability of xj96077 to nodulate both soybe ... | 2004 | 16110948 |
| characterization of condensed tannins purified from legume forages: chromophore production, protein precipitation, and inhibitory effects on cellulose digestion. | to identify simple screening tools for selecting condensed tannin (ct)-containing forages as candidate sources for further study, ct were isolated from nine legumes, and their molecular weights (mw), chromophore production, capacity to precipitate bovine serum albumin (bsa) and fraction 1 protein (rubisco) isolated from alfalfa, and inhibition of filter paper digestion were compared. sources were as follows: leaves of sericea lespedeza (lespedeza cuneata dum.-cours.), crown vetch (coronilla vari ... | 2005 | 16132212 |
| evaluation of two procedures to determine acid and neutral detergent fibers in ruminant feeds of the temperate region of argentina. | the objective of this work was to compare the traditional van soest's procedure to analyze neutral detergent fibers (ndf) and acid detergent fibers (adf) using filtering crucibles (vs) with a semiautomatic method which uses filter bags in an ankom technology corp. instrument (ank). nine ruminant feeds widely used in the temperate region of argentina were analyzed: soybean meal expeller, alfalfa, pasture silage, ryegrass, corn silage, weeping lovegrass, tall wheatgrass, guinea grass, and barley g ... | 2005 | 16152913 |
| evaluation of salmonella enteritidis in molting hens after administration of an experimental chlorate product (for nine days) in the drinking water and feeding an alfalfa molt diet. | the method most commonly used to induce molting and stimulate multiple egg-laying cycles in laying hens for commercial egg production is to fast the hens. unfortunately, increased risk of salmonella enteritidis (se) infection may result from the use of this method. methods to stimulate multiple egg-laying cycles without increasing the risk of se infection are needed. hens over 50 wk of age were divided into 12 groups of 11 hens each and placed in individual laying cages. one week prior to dietar ... | 2005 | 16156201 |
| milk production and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows fed different amounts of protein and varying proportions of alfalfa and corn silage. | four trials were conducted to determine the effect of dietary protein amount on lactation performance and n utilization. each trial used one of the following alfalfa-to-corn-silage ratios for the forage part of the diet: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75. all trials utilized 16 mid-lactation holstein cows (days in milk averages ranging from 80 to 140 among trials) in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design with 3-wk periods, including 2 wk for adaptation and 1 wk for data collection. diets consisted ... | 2005 | 16162536 |
| phosphorus-free membrane lipids of sinorhizobium meliloti are not required for the symbiosis with alfalfa but contribute to increased cell yields under phosphorus-limiting conditions of growth. | the microsymbiont of alfalfa, sinorhizobium meliloti, possesses phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine as major membrane phospholipids, when grown in the presence of sufficient accessible phosphorus sources. under phosphate-limiting conditions of growth, s. meliloti replaces its phospholipids by membrane lipids that do not contain any phosphorus in their molecular structure and, in s. meliloti, these phosphorus-free membrane lipids are sulphoquinovos ... | 2005 | 16167767 |
| evolutionary relationships among members of the bromoviridae deduced from whole proteome analysis. | many molecular phylogenies of viruses build upon the analysis of single genes. the study of whole-genomes, however, might yield more reliable information to infer tree topologies and a better approach for drawing the evolutionary history of virus families. in this study, we apply a novel comparative proteomic approach to seek whether incorporating information from the entire proteome would support the actual taxonomy of the family bromoviridae. our results suggest that the current taxonomic clas ... | 2006 | 16172839 |
| comparison of the symbiotic and competition phenotypes of sinorhizobium meliloti phb synthesis and degradation pathway mutants. | the competitive abilities of sinorhizobium meliloti mutant strains containing lesions in the phb synthesis (phbc) and degradation (bdha) pathways were compared. while the bdha mutant showed no noticeable symbiotic defects on alfalfa host plants when inoculated alone, in mixed inoculation experiments it was found to be less competitive than the wild type for nodule occupancy. long-term survival of the bdha mutant on a carbon-limiting medium was not affected. however, when subjected to competition ... | 2005 | 16175209 |
| risk factors for fasciola hepatica infection in children: a case-control study. | we conducted a case-control study to clarify the risk factors for human fascioliasis in the northern peruvian altiplano. cases (n=61) were individuals who were diagnosed as having chronic fascioliasis by faecal and/or serologic (fas2-elisa) studies. controls (n=61) had negative serologic and coprological results for fasciola hepatica. we identified an association between fascioliasis and four variables (40 analysed): the habit of drinking alfalfa juice (or=4.5; 95% ci 1.8-11.1; p<0.001); familia ... | 2006 | 16181652 |
| the herbal alternatives for menopause (halt) study: background and study design. | we designed a randomized double-blind randomized trial to examine the short and long-term effects of alternative approaches commonly used to manage menopause symptoms. women were randomly assigned to: (1) black cohosh 160 mg daily; (2) multibotanical (50 mg black cohosh, alfalfa, chaste tree, dong quai, false unicorn, licorice, oats, pomegranate, siberian ginseng, boron) four capsules daily; (3) multibotanical plus telephone counseling to increase dietary soy; (4) conjugated equine estrogen 0.62 ... | 2005 | 16186076 |
| salmonella enterica virulence genes are required for bacterial attachment to plant tissue. | numerous salmonella enterica food-borne illness outbreaks have been associated with contaminated vegetables, in particular sprouted seeds, and the incidence of reported contamination has steadily risen. in order to understand the physiology of s. enterica serovar newport on plants, a screen was developed to identify transposon mutants that were defective in attachment to alfalfa sprouts. twenty independent mutants from a pool of 6,000 were selected for reduced adherence to alfalfa sprouts. sixty ... | 2005 | 16204476 |
| development of a functional genomics platform for sinorhizobium meliloti: construction of an orfeome. | the nitrogen-fixing, symbiotic bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti reduces molecular dinitrogen to ammonia in a specific symbiotic context, supporting the nitrogen requirements of various forage legumes, including alfalfa. determining the dna sequence of the s. meliloti genome was an important step in plant-microbe interaction research, adding to the considerable information already available about this bacterium by suggesting possible functions for many of the >6,200 annotated open reading frames ... | 2005 | 16204497 |
| use of real time pcr to determine population profiles of individual species of lactic acid bacteria in alfalfa silage and stored corn stover. | real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to quantify seven species of lactic acid bacteria (lab) in alfalfa silage prepared in the presence or absence of four commercial inoculants and in uninoculated corn stover harvested and stored under a variety of field conditions. species-specific pcr primers were designed based on reca gene sequences. commercial inoculants improved the quality of alfalfa silage, but species corresponding to those in the inoculants displayed variations in pers ... | 2006 | 16205920 |
| effect of sunflower, linseed and fish oils on the production of trans fatty acids in vitro. | in vitro anaerobic incubations were used to determine the effect of different oils (lo-linseed, so-sunflower, fo-fish oil) on trans fatty acid production in rumen fluid and to test if combining of monensin (mon) with the oils affects the interactions on trans fatty acid concentrations in mixed cultures of ruminal microorganisms. two different sources of rumen fluid were used; the inoculum from the sheep fed hay and barley (80:20%)--the inoculum a and the inoculum from the sheep fed alfalfa and b ... | 2005 | 16206933 |
| molecular evidence of genetic modification of sinorhizobium meliloti: enhanced pcb bioremediation. | the genome of the nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti does not possess genes for bioremediation of aromatic pollutants. it has the well-known ability to interact specifically with the leguminous alfalfa plant, medicago sativa. our previous work has shown enhanced degradation of the nitroaromatic compound 2,4-dinitrotoluene (dnt) when a plasmid containing degradative genes was introduced in it. in this study we report molecular evidence of the transfer of a polychlorinated biphe ... | 2005 | 16208462 |
| short communication: prediction of mean particle size and proportion of very long fiber particles from simplified sieving results. | mean particle size of alfalfa silage and corn silage can be predicted based on material retained above a screen with square-hole diagonal of 9 mm. the regression equation is mean particle length (mm) = 1.16 + 13.00 x cumulative fraction of as-fed mass trapped on or above the 9-mm screen; r2 = 0.89. for mixed rations, the intercept was 0.54 and the slope 11.84, with r2 = 0.78. using data from the screen with a 5.6-mm diagonal also provided reasonable estimates of mean particle size. | 2005 | 16230704 |
| lactational response of cows fed condensed corn distillers solubles. | fifteen holstein cows (6 multiparous and 9 primiparous) in early lactation were used in a replicated 3 x 3 latin square design with 5-wk periods to evaluate the use of condensed corn distillers solubles (ccds) in the total mixed ration. diets were control (0%), low (5%), or high (10% of dry matter) ccds. all diets contained alfalfa hay, corn silage, rolled corn, and a concentrate supplement formulated to yield isonitrogenous diets. condensed corn distillers solubles replaced a portion of the rol ... | 2005 | 16230706 |
| effect of dietary level of rumen-degraded protein on production and nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows. | twenty-eight (8 with ruminal cannulas) lactating holstein cows were assigned to 4 x 4 latin squares and fed diets with different levels of rumen-degraded protein (rdp) to study the effect of rdp on production and n metabolism. diets contained [dry matter (dm) basis] 37% corn silage, 13% alfalfa silage, and 50% concentrate. the concentrate contained solvent and lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal and urea, and was adjusted to provide rdp at: 13.2, 12.3, 11.7, and 10.6% of dm in diets a to d, resp ... | 2005 | 16230710 |
| lactic acid production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of alfalfa fiber. | lactic acid was produced by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) of liquid hot water (lhw)-pretreated and non-lhw-pretreated alfalfa fibers. the lactobacillus plantarum and l. delbrueckii strains produced 0.464 and 0.354 g of lactic acid per g of dry matter of alfalfa fiber, respectively, by non-lhw pretreatment. l. xylosus and l. pentoaceticus produced lower yields of lactic acid from the same amount of alfalfa fiber, however, their acetic acid production was higher. these lacto ... | 2001 | 16233139 |
| effects of the fermentation product of herbs by lactic acid bacteria against phytopathogenic filamentous fungi and on the growth of host plants. | the fermentation product of herbs by lactic acid bacteria (fhl) was assayed for antifungal activities against rosellinia necatrix, helicobasidium mompa, fusarium oxysporum, pythium graminicola and pyricularia oryzae. fhl completely inhibited the growth of r. necatrix, h. mompa, p. graminicola and p. oryzae, and reduced the growth of f. oxysporum by 35%. when the seeds of medicago sativa l. (alfalfa), asparagus officinalis l. (asparagus), brassica campestris l. (komatsuna), oryza sativa l. (rice) ... | 2004 | 16233688 |
| advances in alfalfa mosaic virus-mediated expression of anthrax antigen in planta. | plant viruses show great potential for production of pharmaceuticals in plants. such viruses can harbor a small antigenic peptide(s) as a part of their coat proteins (cp) and elicit an antigen-specific immune response. here, we report the high yield and consistency in production of recombinant alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) particles for specific presentation of the small loop 15 amino acid epitope from domain-4 of the bacillus anthracis protective antigen (pa-d4s). the epitope was inserted immedia ... | 2005 | 16236249 |
| alfalfa mob 1-like genes are expressed in reproductive organs during meiosis and gametogenesis. | mps-one-binder (mob) proteins play an important role in chromosome separation and cell plate formation in yeast. we cloned two mob 1-like genes from alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and show that one gene is constitutively expressed while the other is expressed only in flower buds during sporogenesis and gametogenesis. for the analysis of gene expression during reproduction in alfalfa wild-types and apomeiotic mutants, a specific antisense riboprobe was designed for msmob 1 transcripts and a polyclo ... | 2005 | 16240174 |
| plant-derived transfer dnas. | the transfer of dna from agrobacterium to plant cell nuclei is initiated by a cleavage reaction within the 25-bp right border of ti plasmids. in an effort to develop all-native dna transformation vectors, 50 putative right border alternatives were identified in both plant expressed sequence tags and genomic dna. efficacy tests in a tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) model system demonstrated that 14 of these elements displayed at least 50% of the activity of conventional agrobacterium transfer dna bord ... | 2005 | 16244143 |
| effect of plant maturity and germplasm on in situ rumen degradability and rate of passage of alfalfa hay. | | 2005 | 16244995 |
| optimization of acidothermus cellulolyticus endoglucanase (e1) production in transgenic tobacco plants by transcriptional, post-transcription and post-translational modification. | an attempt was made to obtain a high-level production of intact acidothermus cellulolyticus endoglucanase (e1) in transgenic tobacco plants. the e1 expression was examined under the control of the constitutive and strong mac promoter or light-inducible tomato rubisco small sub-unit (rbcs-3c) promoter with its original or alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rna4 5'-untranslated leader (utl) and targeted to different sub-cellular compartments via transit peptides. the transit peptides included native e1, e ... | 2005 | 16245154 |
| evaluation of oviposition substrates and organic infusions on collection of culex in florida. | gravid mosquito traps are commonly used for both arbovirus surveillance and population surveillance of mosquitoes of the genus culex. oviposition substrates, used as baits in these traps, were tested against culex under laboratory and field conditions. in the laboratory all substrates tested as 1% and 10% dilutions in 2-choice bioassays against female cx. quinquefasciatus were significantly more effective than well water controls in eliciting oviposition. strongest responses were to dilutions of ... | 2005 | 16252516 |
| nitrogen reserves, spring regrowth and winter survival of field-grown alfalfa (medicago sativa) defoliated in the autumn. | the objective of the study was to characterize variations in proline, arginine, histidine, vegetative storage proteins, and cold-inducible gene expression in overwintering roots of field-grown alfalfa, in response to autumn defoliation, and in relation to spring regrowth and winter survival. | 2006 | 16260440 |
| introduction of grapes and alfalfa into china: a reflection on the role of zhang qian. | there is a prevailing legend that grapes and alfalfa were introduced to china from west asia by zhang qian in 126 bc. this paper intends to show the legend to be a misconception. the three crucial documents were thoroughly examined, and the author believes he can demonstrate that it was a later traveler who actually brought these two plants to china following the trade route pioneered by zhang qian. | 2005 | 16272811 |
| rhizobium daejeonense sp. nov. isolated from a cyanide treatment bioreactor. | a polyphasic study was carried out to determine the taxonomic position of two aerobic, cyanide-degrading bacterial strains, designated l61t and l22, which had been isolated from a bioreactor for the treatment of nickel-complexed cyanide. the two isolates exhibited almost identical taxonomic characteristics. phylogenetic analysis inferred from comparative 16s rrna gene sequences indicated that the isolates fall in a sublineage of the genus rhizobium comprising the type strains of rhizobium giardi ... | 2005 | 16280524 |
| effects of pasteurization of potato slurry by-product fed in corn-or barley-based beef finishing diets. | pasteurization of vegetable by-products such as potato slurry (ps) before feeding may be necessary to prevent the spread of pathogens and beef carcass blemishes. we hypothesized that pasteurization would increase ruminal fermentability of ps starch. four ruminally cannulated crossbred beef steers (initial bw = 432) were used in a 4 x 4 latin square experiment with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to examine the main effects and interactions of pasteurization (54.4 degrees c for 2 h) o ... | 2005 | 16282619 |
| large-scale genetic variation of the symbiosis-required megaplasmid psyma revealed by comparative genomic analysis of sinorhizobium meliloti natural strains. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a soil bacterium that forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of leguminous plants such as alfalfa (medicago sativa). this species occupies different ecological niches, being present as a free-living soil bacterium and as a symbiont of plant root nodules. the genome of the type strain rm 1021 contains one chromosome and two megaplasmids for a total genome size of 6 mb. we applied comparative genomic hybridisation (cgh) on an oligonucleotide microarrays to estimate ge ... | 2005 | 16283928 |
| isolation of pythium oligandrum from egyptian soil and its mycoparasitic effect on pythium ultimum var. ultimum the damping-off organism of wheat. | pythium oligandrum drechsler bearing spherical sporangia with complex subglobose elements was isolated for the first time in egypt from agricultural field soil cultivated with alfalfa (trifolium alexandrinum) in el-minia, egypt. this fungus was found to be an active bio-control agent against p. ultimum var. ultimum, the damping-off organism of wheat. in agar plates, p. oligandrum parasitized p. ultimum var. ultimum hyphae with the aid of thin haustorial branches or infection pegs, eventually lea ... | 1997 | 16284719 |
| inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts of some herbs on human platelet aggregation in vitro. | effect of aqueous extract of several herbs on human platelet aggregation in vitro was investigated. out of 28 herbs/nutriceuticals investigated, camomile, nettle alfalfa, garlic and onion exhibited most significant anti-platelet activity (>or=45% inhibition). aqueous extracts of alfalfa, fresh nettle, and camomile inhibited adp induced-platelet aggregation by 73, 65 and 60%, respectively, compared with control (p < 0.05). camomile and alfalfa inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation by 84 ... | 2005 | 16287614 |
| processing whole cottonseed moderates fatty acid metabolism and improves performance by dairy cows. | pelleting cottonseed (cs) improves handling characteristics. our objectives were to determine whether increasing the particle size of the cs pellet or dilution of a smaller pellet with delinted cs would limit the rate of cs oil release to optimize digestibility of fatty acids (fa) and fiber while maintaining milk fat production. in a 5 x 5 latin square design with 3-wk periods, 5 rumen-cannulated cows were fed 1) control with cs hulls (csh) and cs meal plus tallow and ca soaps of fa, 2) whole cs ... | 2005 | 16291626 |
| a simple method for the direct detection of salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7 from raw alfalfa sprouts and spent irrigation water using pcr. | the u.s. food and drug administration recognizes that raw seed sprouts are an important cause of foodborne disease and is now recommending that either spent irrigation water or final product be screened for salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7 as a means of assuring the safety of product intended for consumption. in an effort to streamline such testing efforts, a simple method to preconcentrate pathogens from sprouts and spent irrigation water was investigated to facilitate the direct (withou ... | 2005 | 16300060 |
| base-pairing potential identified by in vitro selection predicts the kinked rna backbone observed in the crystal structure of the alfalfa mosaic virus rna-coat protein complex. | the three-dimensional structure of the 3' terminus of alfalfa mosaic virus rna in complex with an amino-terminal coat protein peptide revealed an unusual rna fold with inter-augc basepairing stabilized by key arginine residues (guogas, et al., 2004). to probe viral rna interactions with the full-length coat protein, we have used in vitro genetic selection to characterize potential folding patterns among rnas isolated from a complex randomized pool. nitrocellulose filter retention, electrophoreti ... | 2006 | 16312015 |
| cell-to-cell movement of alfalfa mosaic virus can be mediated by the movement proteins of ilar-, bromo-, cucumo-, tobamo- and comoviruses and does not require virion formation. | rna 3 of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) encodes the movement protein (mp) and coat protein (cp). chimeric rna 3 with the amv mp gene replaced by the corresponding mp gene of prunus necrotic ringspot virus, brome mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus or cowpea mosaic virus efficiently moved from cell-to-cell only when the expressed mp was extended at its c-terminus with the c-terminal 44 amino acids of amv mp. mp of tobacco mosaic virus supported the movement of the chimeric rna 3 whether or not the mp ... | 2006 | 16316673 |
| l-canavanine made by medicago sativa interferes with quorum sensing in sinorhizobium meliloti. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a gram-negative soil bacterium, capable of establishing a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with its legume host, alfalfa (medicago sativa). quorum sensing plays a crucial role in this symbiosis, where it influences the nodulation process and the synthesis of the symbiotically important exopolysaccharide ii (eps ii). s. meliloti has three quorum-sensing systems (sin, tra, and mel) that use n-acyl homoserine lactones as their quorum-sensing signal molecule. increasing evidence i ... | 2005 | 16321947 |
| effect of immersion solutions containing enterocin as-48 on listeria monocytogenes in vegetable foods. | the effect of immersion solutions containing enterocin as-48 alone or in combination with chemical preservatives on survival and proliferation of listeria monocytogenes cect 4032 inoculated on fresh alfalfa sprouts, soybean sprouts, and green asparagus was tested. immersion treatments (5 min at room temperature) with as-48 solutions (25 microg/ml) reduced listeria counts of artificially contaminated alfalfa and soybean sprouts by approximately 2.0 to 2.4 log cfu/g compared to a control immersion ... | 2005 | 16332751 |
| differential binding of escherichia coli o157:h7 to alfalfa, human epithelial cells, and plastic is mediated by a variety of surface structures. | escherichia coli o157:h7 carried on plant surfaces, including alfalfa sprouts, has been implicated in food poisoning and outbreaks of disease in the united states. adhesion to cell surfaces is a key component for bacterial establishment and colonization on many types of surfaces. several e. coli o157:h7 surface proteins are thought to be important for adhesion and/or biofilm formation. therefore, we examined whether mutations in several genes encoding potential adhesins and regulators of adheren ... | 2005 | 16332780 |
| digestible energy requirements of mexican donkeys fed oat straw and maize stover. | the limited availability of food, together with the constraints that traditional management systems impose on the natural foraging behaviour of donkeys, often results in severe under-nutrition. few studies have been conducted into the digestibility of different forages and little information exists on nutritional requirements of donkeys. in order to measure digestible energy requirements of donkeys under tropical conditions, an experiment was carried out at the centre for research in agricultura ... | 2005 | 16335075 |
| receptor site on clover and alfalfa roots for rhizobium. | sites on white clover and alfalfa roots that bind rhizobium trifolii and r. meliloti capsular polysaccharides, respectively, were examined by fluorescence microscopy. fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled capsular material from r. trifolii bound specifically to root hairs of clover but not alfalfa. binding was most intense at the root hair tips. treatment of clover roots with 2-deoxyglucose (2-dg) prevented binding of r. trifolii capsular material to the roots. the sugar 2-dg enhanced the elution o ... | 1977 | 16345183 |
| use of adenosine 5'-triphosphate as an indicator of the microbiota biomass in rumen contents. | a number of techniques were tested for their efficiency in extracting adenosine 5'-triphosphate (atp) from strained rumen fluid (srf). extraction with 0.6 n h(2)so(4), using a modification of the procedure described by lee et al. (1971), was the most efficient and was better suited for extracting particulate samples. neutralized extracts could not be stored frozen before assaying for atp because large losses were incurred. the inclusion of internal standards was necessary to correct for incomple ... | 1977 | 16345203 |
| hydrogen evolution from alfalfa and clover nodules and hydrogen uptake by free-living rhizobium meliloti. | a series of rhizobium meliloti and rhizobium trifolii strains were used as inocula for alfalfa and clover, respectively, grown under bacteriologically controlled conditions. replicate samples of nodules formed by each strain were assayed for rates of h(2) evolution in air, rates of h(2) evolution under ar and o(2), and rates of c(2)h(2) reduction. nodules formed by all strains of r. meliloti and r. trifolii on their respective hosts lost at least 17% of the electron flow through nitrogenase as e ... | 1979 | 16345361 |
| method for testing degree of infectivity of rhizobium meliloti strains. | the infectiveness of different strains of rhizobium meliloti was tested with a technique that uses the addition of tetracycline to the root medium. to stop the infection, the antibiotic was added some time after the inoculation of medicago sativa plants. a coefficient of infectivity for each strain was calculated according to the number of nodules that appeared with and without the addition of the antibiotic. this method seems useful in infectivity studies and is simpler and easier to perform th ... | 1980 | 16345574 |
| effect of steam sterilization and gamma irradiation of peat on quality of rhizobium inoculants. | data obtained by independent tests on each of 483 batches of rhizobium inoculants for glycine max, medicago sativa, and arachis hypogaea, manufactured commercially in south africa, are reported and discussed. whereas the average cell count per gram per batch was well in excess of 10, inoculants for g. max and m. sativa manufactured with peat treated with gamma irradiation at a dose of 50 kgr contained significantly higher numbers of rhizobium cells than inoculants from peat which received 25 kgr ... | 1981 | 16345788 |
| survival of rhizobium in acid soils. | a rhizobium strain nodulating cowpeas did not decline in abundance after it was added to sterile soils at ph 6.9 and 4.4, and the numbers fell slowly in nonsterile soils at ph 5.5 and 4.1. a strain of r. phaseoli grew when added to sterile soils at ph 6.7 and 6.9; it maintained large, stable populations in soils of ph 4.4, 5.5, and 6.0, but the numbers fell markedly and then reached a stable population size in sterile soils at ph 4.3 and 4.4. the abundance of r. phaseoli added to nonsterile soil ... | 1981 | 16345909 |
| relative efficacy of different alfalfa cultivar-rhizobium meliloti strain combinations for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. | five rhizobium meliloti isolates known to have different capabilities for expression of nitrogenase activity under symbiotic conditions were used to inoculate four representative medicago sativa cultivars under aseptic conditions. nitrogenase activities and respiratory activity were measured for whole plants and excised nodules. dry weights and nodule numbers were also recorded after 4 weeks of growth in plastic pouches on a nitrogen-free nutrient medium. hydrogen evolution and acetylene reducti ... | 1982 | 16345986 |
| variation in numbers and mass of ciliate protozoa in the rumens of sheep fed chaffed alfalfa (medicago sativa). | masses and numbers of rumen ciliate protozoa were markedly different in individual sheep fed chaffed alfalfa hay under different feeding regimens. studies on the ciliate contribution to specific aspects of rumen fermentation should take into account the size of members of each genus in individual animals as well as the numbers present. | 1982 | 16346017 |
| root surface association in relation to nodulation of medicago sativa. | nine strains of rhizobium meliloti, ranging in competitive ability on medicago sativa from excellent to poor in autoclaved soils, were paired in 29 combinations and used to inoculate m. sativa in a liquid rooting medium. a positive correlation (r = 0.545) between strain ratios in nodules after 28 days and root surface cell ratios after 7 days was determined. two cell fractions from the root surface, representing loosely and firmly adhering cells, were investigated. infectivity was linked to the ... | 1982 | 16346071 |
| competitive abilities of rhizobium meliloti strains considered to have potential as inoculants. | twenty four strains of rhizobium meliloti considered to have potential for inoculant production were grouped in pairs and tested for their ability to compete for nodulation on medicago sativa, medicago truncatula, and medicago littoralis. at the outset, each pair of strains, which consisted of a wild type and a selected streptomycin-resistant mutant of another strain, was tested in an autoclaved soil. six strain pairs, each consisting of a good and a poor competitor, reacted consistently when te ... | 1982 | 16346072 |
| effect of plasmid pij1008 from rhizobium leguminosarum on symbiotic function of rhizobium meliloti. | plasmid pij1008, which carries determinants for uptake hydrogenase (hup) activity, was transferred from rhizobium leguminosarum to rhizobium meliloti without impairing the capacity of the latter species to form root nodules on alfalfa. the plasmid was still present in rhizobia reisolated from the root nodules of 12 different alfalfa cultivars, but only low levels of hup activity were detected in alfalfa. | 1984 | 16346527 |
| muralytic activities of ruminococcus albus 8. | ruminococcus albus 8 was cultured with isolated alfalfa cell walls as the carbon source. the culture broth was assayed for muralytic enzyme activities. the effect, with respect to the production of such muralytic enzymes, of growing the microorganism on different carbon sources was also investigated. also, the rates of solubilization and utilization by r. albus of individual alfalfa cell wall sugars during a 96-h growth period were examined. | 1984 | 16346542 |
| variation in preference for rhizobium meliloti within and between medicago sativa cultivars grown in soil. | variation in nodulation preferences for rhizobium strains within and between medicago sativa cultivars was assessed in the greenhouse with plants grown in leonard jars and two soils of diverse origin (lanark and ottawa), using inocula consisting of effective individual or paired strains of r. meliloti which could be recognized by high-concentration antibiotic resistance. the results indicated considerable variability in host preferences for r. meliloti among plants within cultivars but not betwe ... | 1984 | 16346682 |
| study of bacillus subtilis endospores in soil by use of a modified endospore stain. | the schaeffer-fulton endospore stain was modified so that it would stain bacillus subtilis endospores in soil smears. the modified stain differentiated among dormant spores, spores undergoing activation, and spores which had germinated but had not yet shown outgrowth. these differentiations were seen for spores in soil and for pure spore preparations in the laboratory. this stain was used to show reversible b. subtilis spore activation promoted by an ensifer adhaerens-like indigenous bacterium i ... | 1985 | 16346801 |
| conserved nodulation genes in rhizobium meliloti and rhizobium trifolii. | plasmids which contained wild-type or mutated rhizobium meliloti nodulation (nod) genes were introduced into nodr. trifolii mutants anu453 and anu851 and tested for their ability to nodulate clover. cloned wild-type and mutated r. meliloti nod gene segments restored anu851 to nod, with the exception of nodd mutants. similarly, wild-type and mutant r. meliloti nod genes complemented anu453 to nod, except for nodcii mutants. thus, anu851 identifies the equivalent of the r. meliloti nodd genes, and ... | 1985 | 16346809 |
| regulation of nodulation by rhizobium meliloti 102f15 on its mutant which forms an unusually high number of nodules on alfalfa. | a mutant (wl3a150) of rhizobium meliloti 102f51 that elicits an unusually high number of nodules on its host, alfalfa (medicago sativa), supports the idea that the host may rely on early bacteroid development in the nodule or on metabolites produced in the infection thread as one of the signals to control further nodulation. this mutant was initially isolated because of its fix phenotype. it consistently formed many more nodules than all the other fix mutants isolated from strain 102f51 (a total ... | 1985 | 16346908 |
| characterization of rhizobia from ineffective alfalfa nodules: ability to nodulate bean plants [phaseolus vulgaris (l.) savi.]. | this study was initiated to characterize rhizobium isolates obtained from root nodules of ineffectively nodulated, field-grown alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) plants. the purpose was to determine if these isolates possessed characteristics which would explain either their ineffectiveness in n(2) fixation or their apparent ability to tolerate the moderately acid soil conditions from which they originated. isolates were characterized by analysis of growth rate, 39 degrees c tolerance, acid production ... | 1985 | 16346942 |
| influence of location, host cultivar, and inoculation on the composition of naturalized populations of rhizobium meliloti in medicago sativa nodules. | a phage typing system was used to evaluate the composition of indigenous populations of rhizobium meliloti inhabiting nodules of medicago sativa cultivars grown with and without inoculation at two field sites during 1983 and 1984. soil at both locations contained established populations of r. meliloti at planting. analysis of 1,920 nodule isolates revealed 55 unique phage types of indigenous r. meliloti at one site and 65 indigenous types at the other location. the distributions of phage types d ... | 1986 | 16347054 |
| analysis of rhizobium meliloti sym mutants obtained by heat treatment. | deletions in the psym megaplasmid of rhizobium meliloti were produced at a high frequency, and their lengths varied according to incubation temperature. morphological differentiation into large and small colonies occurred after heat treatment. small colonies elicited pseudonodules on alfalfa roots. | 1986 | 16347063 |
| quantitation of adsorption of rhizobia in low numbers to small legume roots. | bacteria adsorbed in low numbers to alfalfa or clover root surfaces were counted after incubation of seedlings in mineral solution with very dilute inocula (less than 10 bacteria per ml) of an antibiotic-resistant strain under defined conditions. after specified washing, bacteria which remained adsorbed to roots were selectively quantitated by culturing the roots embedded in yeast extract-mannitol-antibiotic agar and counting the microcolonies along the root surface; the range was from about 1 b ... | 1986 | 16347137 |
| host-symbiont specificity expressed during early adsorption of rhizobium meliloti to the root surface of alfalfa. | early (4 h) adsorption of rhizobium meliloti l5-30 in low numbers to alfalfa roots in mineral solution was examined for competition with other bacterial strains. all tested competitor strains decreased the adsorption of l5-30 by extents which depended on the strain and its concentration. the decrease of adsorption by r. meliloti competitors (all of them infective in alfalfa) was nearly complete at saturation (97 to 99% decrease). all other heterologous rhizobia and agrobacterium tumefaciens at s ... | 1986 | 16347138 |
| bacterial growth rates and competition affect nodulation and root colonization by rhizobium meliloti. | the addition of streptomycin to nonsterile soil suppressed the numbers of bacterial cells in the rhizosphere of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) for several days, resulted in the enhanced growth of a streptomycin-resistant strain of rhizobium meliloti, and increased the numbers of nodules on the alfalfa roots. a bacterial mixture inoculated into sterile soil inhibited the colonization of alfalfa roots by r. meliloti, caused a diminution in the number of nodules, and reduced plant growth. enterobacte ... | 1986 | 16347173 |
| distribution of hydrogen-metabolizing bacteria in alfalfa field soil. | h(2) evolved by alfalfa root nodules during the process of n(2) fixation may be an important factor influencing the distribution of soil bacteria. to test this hypothesis under field conditions, over 700 bacterial isolates were obtained from fallow soil or from the 3-mm layer of soil surrounding alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) root nodules, alfalfa roots, or bindweed (convolvulus arvensis l.) roots. bacteria were isolated under either aerobic or microaerophilic conditions and were tested for their ... | 1986 | 16347207 |
| symbiotic expression of cosmid-borne bradyrhizobium japonicum hydrogenase genes. | the expression of cosmid-borne bradyrhizobium japonicum hydrogenase genes in alfalfa, clover, and soybean nodules harboring rhizobium transconjugants was studied. cosmid phu52 conferred hydrogen uptake (hup) activity in both free-living bacteria and in nodules on the different plant hosts, although in nodules the instability of the cosmid resulted in low levels of hup activity. in contrast, cosmid phu1, which does not confer hup activity on free-living bacteria, gave a hup phenotype in nodules o ... | 1987 | 16347291 |
| a study of 33 bacteriophages of rhizobium meliloti. | a total of 33 rhizobium meliloti bacteriophages were studied. of those, 21 were isolated in northern france from field soil in which medicago sativa l. was grown. the other 12 phages were obtained by uv light and mitomycin c induction from 46 r. meliloti strains. rhizobiophages were characterized by their morphology, host range, serological properties, restriction endonuclease patterns, dna-dna homologies, and dna molecular weights. five morphotypes were observed showing tailed phages with icosa ... | 1988 | 16347525 |
| ecological indicators of native rhizobia in tropical soils. | the relationship between environment and abundance of rhizobia was described by determining the populations of root nodule bacteria at 14 diverse sites on the island of maui. mean annual rainfall at the sites ranged from 320 to 1,875 mm, elevation from 37 to 1,650 m, and soil ph from 4.6 to 7.9. four different soil orders were represented in this study: inceptisols, mollisols, ultisols, and an oxisol. the rhizobial populations were determined by plant infection counts of five legumes (trifolium ... | 1988 | 16347624 |
| reliability of the most-probable-number technique for enumerating rhizobia in tropical soils. | we used six rhizobium-legume systems to test the reliability of the most-probable-number (mpn) technique for enumerating rhizobia introduced into 14 sites representing four soil orders. the range-of-transition values (the number of dilution steps between the first not-entirely-positive and the last not-entirely-negative growth units) were compared for each species and for each soil. the probability that the observed data were significantly different from theoretical values varied with the specie ... | 1988 | 16347661 |
| rhizobium strain identification and quantification in commercial inoculants by immunoblot analysis. | an immunoblot procedure for the strain-specific quantitative analysis of commercial rhizobium inoculants was developed. the technique greatly reduced the time required for inoculant analysis. correlation between immunoblot analysis and traditional plant nodule grow-out most-probable-number techniques was r = 0.90 for 16 commercial alfalfa inoculants tested. | 1989 | 16347860 |
| growth and nodulation responses of rhizobium meliloti to water stress induced by permeating and nonpermeating solutes. | isolates of rhizobium meliloti, representing antigenically distinct indigenous serogroups 31 and 17, were grown in yeast extract-mannitol broth (yem) containing nacl or polyethylene glycol (peg) to provide external water potentials ranging from -0.15 to -1.5 mpa. several differences were found between representatives of the two groups in their abilities to adapt to water stress induced by the nonpermeating solute peg. at potentials below -0.5 mpa, strain 31 had a lower specific growth rate than ... | 1989 | 16348021 |
| biological control of damping-off of alfalfa seedlings with bacillus cereus uw85. | we explored the potential of biological control of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) seedling damping-off caused by phytophthora megasperma f. sp. medicaginis by screening root-associated bacteria for disease suppression activity in a laboratory bioassay. a total of 700 bacterial strains were isolated from the roots of field-grown alfalfa plants by using trypticase soy agar. a simple, rapid assay was developed to screen the bacteria for the ability to reduce the mortality of iroquois alfalfa seedling ... | 1990 | 16348145 |
| conjugal transfer of megaplasmid 2 between rhizobium meliloti strains in alfalfa nodules. | a dna fragment containing the rp4 mob function, as well as the gentamicin and spectinomycin resistance genes, was inserted by gene replacement onto the megaplasmid 2 (pm2) of rhizobium meliloti 0540 (inf eps), resulting in pg101 (inf eps). the self-transfer of pm2 and the mobilization of pm2 by plasmid rp4-4 were investigated during conjugation between pg101 and r. meliloti 2526 (nod). in filter conjugations, pm2 was readily mobilized by rp4-4. in addition to this, the self-transfer of one megap ... | 1990 | 16348248 |
| carbon metabolism enzymes of rhizobium meliloti cultures and bacteroids and their distribution within alfalfa nodules. | several carbon metabolism enzymes were measured in cultured cells and bacteroids of rhizobium meliloti 102f51 and in alfalfa root nodule cytosol. the enzyme activity levels of the pentose phosphate pathway were much higher than those of the embden-meyerhof-parnas or entner-doudoroff pathways in extracts of cultured cells. the pattern of enzyme activities in the bacteroids was different from that of cultured cells. | 1990 | 16348268 |
| chemotaxis of rhizobium meliloti towards nodulation gene-inducing compounds from alfalfa roots. | luteolin, a flavone present in seed exudates of alfalfa, induces nodulation genes (nod) in rhizobium meliloti and also serves as a biochemically specific chemoattractant for the bacterium. the present work shows that r. meliloti rcr2011 is capable of very similar chemotactic responses towards 4',7-dihydroxyflavone, 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone, and 4,4'-dihydroxy-2-methoxychalcone, the three principal nod gene inducers secreted by alfalfa roots. chemotactic responses to the root-secreted nod inducers ... | 1992 | 16348685 |
| isolation of rhizobium meliloti nod gene inducers from alfalfa rhizosphere soil. | methanolic extracts of alfalfa rhizosphere soil induce more nod gene transcription in rhizobium meliloti than extracts of nonrhizosphere soil. six peaks of nod-inducing activity were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography from rhizosphere soil extract, and one compound was identified by h nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and uv-visible spectra as a formononetin-7-o-glycoside that activates both nodd1 and nodd2 proteins. the unanticipated presence of a glycoside in rhiz ... | 1993 | 16348881 |
| foliar chlorosis in symbiotic host and nonhost plants induced by rhizobium tropici type b strains. | rhizobium tropici ciat899 induced chlorosis in the leaves of its symbiotic hosts, common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), siratro (macroptilium atropurpureum urb.), and leucaena leucocephala (lam.) de wit. chlorosis induction by strains ciat899 and ct9005, an exopolysaccharide-deficient mutant of ciat899, required carbon substrate. when the bacteria were added at planting in a solution of mannitol (50 g/liter), as few as 10 cells of ciat899 were sufficient to induce chlorosis in bean plants. all ca ... | 1993 | 16348994 |
| variation of clonal, mesquite-associated rhizobial and bradyrhizobial populations from surface and deep soils by symbiotic gene region restriction fragment length polymorphism and plasmid profile analysis. | genetic characteristics of 14 rhizobium and 9 bradyrhizobium mesquite (prosopis glandulosa)-nodulating strains isolated from surface (0- to 0.5-m) and deep (4- to 6-m) rooting zones were determined in order to examine the hypothesis that surface- and deep-soil symbiont populations were related but had become genetically distinct during adaptation to contrasting soil conditions. to examine genetic diversity, southern blots of psti-digested genomic dna were sequentially hybridized with the noddabc ... | 1994 | 16349226 |
| isolation of insertion sequence isrldtal1145-1 from a rhizobium sp. (leucaena diversifolia) and distribution of homologous sequences identifying cross-inoculation group relationships. | insertion sequence (is) element isrldtal1145-1 from rhizobium sp. (leucaena diversifolia) strain tal 1145 was entrapped in the sacb gene of the positive selection vector pucd800 by insertional inactivation. a hybridization probe prepared from the whole 2.5-kb element was used to determine the distribution of homologous sequences in a diverse collection of 135 rhizobium and bradyrhizobium strains. the is probe hybridized strongly to southern blots of genomic dnas from 10 rhizobial strains that no ... | 1994 | 16349459 |
| characterization of the binding of diarrheagenic strains of e. coli to plant surfaces and the role of curli in the interaction of the bacteria with alfalfa sprouts. | diarrheagenic escherichia coli were able to bind to plant surfaces, including alfalfa sprouts and open seed coats, and tomato and arabidopsis thaliana seedlings incubated in water. the characteristics of the binding differed with the bacterial strain examined. laboratory k12 strains of e. coli failed to show significant binding to any of the plant surfaces examined, suggesting that some of the genes present and expressed in pathogenic strains and absent or unexpressed in k12 strains may be requi ... | 2005 | 16353558 |
| dietary forage and nonfiber carbohydrate contents influence b-vitamin intake, duodenal flow, and apparent ruminal synthesis in lactating dairy cows. | the objective of this experiment was to quantify intakes, duodenal flows, and ruminal apparent synthesis (as) of b-vitamins in lactating dairy cows fed diets varying in forage and nonfiber carbohydrate (nfc) contents. eight (4 primiparous and 4 multiparous) ruminally and duodenally cannulated holstein cows were assigned to 4 dietary treatments in a replicated 21-d period, 4 x 4 latin square design with a 2 x 2 factorial treatment arrangement. diets, fed as tmr, contained (dm basis) 2 levels of f ... | 2006 | 16357281 |
| milk from forage as affected by carbohydrate source and degradability with alfalfa silage-based diets. | milk from forage (mf) is an estimation of the milk produced solely from forage intake. it is calculated by subtracting milk production theoretically allowed by concentrates from total milk production, assuming that maintenance requirements are covered by the forage portion of the diet. eight multiparous holstein cows in early lactation were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design to evaluate the impact on mf of different sources of carbohydrate with forage that was high in rdp. diets were ... | 2006 | 16357292 |
| f4 (k88) fimbrial adhesin faeg expressed in alfalfa reduces f4+ enterotoxigenic escherichia coli excretion in weaned piglets. | transgenic plants are attractive bioreactors to large-scale production of recombinant proteins because of their relatively low cost. this study reports for the first time the use of transgenic plants to reduce enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) excretion in its natural host species. the dna sequence encoding the major subunit and adhesin faeg of f4+ etec was transformed into edible alfalfa plants. targeting of faeg production to chloroplasts led to faeg levels of up to 1% of the total solub ... | 2006 | 16378664 |
| the de novo designed nutritive protein mb-1trp does not resist proteolytic degradation in alfalfa leaves. | we previously reported on a de novo designed protein "milk bundle-1trp" (mb-1trp) as a source of selected essential amino acids (eaa) for ruminant feeding. here, we attempt to express this de novo designed protein in alfalfa. the microbial version of the gene encoding the protein was modified in order to achieve two expression strategies in transgenic alfalfa plants. chimeric mb-1trp genes alone or fused to a signal peptide and an endoplasmic reticulum retention sequence were introduced into alf ... | 2005 | 16386425 |
| [identification of sinorhizobium meliloti genes influencing synthesis of surface polysaccharides and competitiveness]. | a new approach to isolating mutants with altered composition of capsular polysaccharides (cps) and lipopolysaccharides (lps) in nodule bacteria of alfalfa sinorhizobium meliloti based on analysis of their respiratory activity was proposed. random tn5-mob mutants of symbiotically effective strain skhm1-105 were tested for slime-production ability and coloration on diagnostic media containing the indicator of reducing equivalents, triphenyltetrasolium chloride (ttc), the inhibitor of respiratory a ... | 2005 | 16396447 |
| cdc42 is required for proper growth and development in the fungal pathogen colletotrichum trifolii. | cdc42 is a highly conserved small gtp-binding protein that is involved in regulating morphogenesis in eukaryotes. in this study, we isolated and characterized a highly conserved cdc42 gene from colletotrichum trifolii (ctcdc42), a fungal pathogen of alfalfa. ctcdc42 is, at least in part, functionally equivalent to saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc42p, since it restores the temperature-sensitive phenotype of a yeast cdc42p mutant. inhibition of ctcdc42 by expression of an antisense ctcdc42 or a domina ... | 2006 | 16400178 |
| sinorhizobium fredii hh103 mutants affected in capsular polysaccharide (kps) are impaired for nodulation with soybean and cajanus cajan. | the sinorhizobium fredii hh103 rkp-1 region, which is involved in capsular polysaccharides (kps) production, was isolated and sequenced. the organization of the s. fredii genes identified, rkpuaghij and kpsf3, was identical to that described for s. meliloti 1021 but different from that of s. meliloti ak631. the long rkpa gene (7.5 kb) of s. fredii hh103 and s. meliloti 1021 appears as a fusion of six clustered ak631 genes, rkpabcdef. s. fredii hh103-rif(r) mutants affected in rkph or rkpg were c ... | 2006 | 16404952 |
| regulation and properties of pstscab, a high-affinity, high-velocity phosphate transport system of sinorhizobium meliloti. | the properties and regulation of the pstscab-encoded pi uptake system from the alfalfa symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti are reported. we present evidence that the pstscab genes and the regulatory phoub genes are transcribed from a single promoter that contains two phob binding sites and that transcription requires phob. s. meliloti strain 1021 (rm1021) and its derivatives were found to carry a c deletion frameshift mutation in the pstc gene (designated pstc1021) that severely impairs activity of ... | 2006 | 16428413 |
| effect of safflower oil, flaxseed oil, monensin, and vitamin e on concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk fat. | conjugated linoleic acid (cla) refers to a mixture of conjugated octadecadienoic acids of predominantly ruminant origin. the main isomer in bovine milk fat is the cis-9, trans-11 cla. interest in cla increased after the discovery of its health-promoting properties, including potent anticarcinogenic activity. two experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary strategies aimed at increasing the concentration of cla in bovine milk fat. both experiments were organized as a randomized complete block ... | 2006 | 16428641 |
| the sinorhizobium meliloti chromosomal origin of replication. | the predicted chromosomal origin of replication (oric) from the alfalfa symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti is shown to allow autonomous replication of a normally non-replicating plasmid within s. meliloti cells. this is the first chromosomal replication origin to be experimentally localized in the rhizobiaceae and its location, adjacent to heme, is the same as for oric in caulobacter crescentus, the only experimentally characterized alphaproteobacterial oric. using an electrophoretic mobility shift ... | 2006 | 16436432 |
| host-specific regulation of nodulation genes in rhizobium is mediated by a plant-signal, interacting with the nodd gene product. | we have identified a nodd gene from the wide host-range rhizobium strain mpik3030 (termed nodd1) which is essential for nodulation on macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro). experiments with noda-lacz gene fusions demonstrate that the mpik3030 nodd1 regulates expression of the nodabc genes. additionally, we used nodc-lacz fusions of rhizobium meliloti to show that the mpik3030 nodd1 gene induces expression of these fusions by interacting with plant factors from siratro and from the non-host medica ... | 1987 | 16453758 |
| expression of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein gene confers cross-protection in transgenic tobacco and tomato plants. | a chimeric gene encoding the alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) coat protein was constructed and introduced into tobacco and tomato plants using ti plasmid-derived plant transformation vectors. the progeny of the self-fertilized transgenic plants were significantly delayed in symptom development and in some cases completely escaped infection after inoculated with almv. the inoculated leaves of the transgenic plants had significantly reduced numbers of lesions and accumulated substantially lower amounts ... | 1987 | 16453764 |
| expression of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 4 in transgenic plants confers virus resistance. | agrobacterium-mediated transfer from a binary vector was used to produce transgenic nicotiana tabacum plants that expressed coat protein of the plant virus, alfalfa mosaic virus (amv). expression levels of the chimeric gene, which was under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 19s promoter, were determined in primary transformed plants, in the progeny from self-fertilization and in the progeny from crosses to normal tobacco. rna transcripts that were of the expected size as well as a prot ... | 1987 | 16453779 |
| analysis of the mechanism of protection in transgenic plants expressing the potato virus x coat protein or its antisense rna. | transgenic tobacco plants engineered to express either the potato virus x (pvx) coat protein (cp+) or the antisense coat protein transcript (cp-antisense) were protected from infection by pvx, as indicated by reduced lesion numbers on inoculated leaves, delay or absence of systemic symptom development and reduction in virus accumulation in both inoculated and systemic leaves. the extent of protection observed in cp+ plants primarily depended upon the level of expression of the coat protein. plan ... | 1988 | 16453840 |