| evaluation of developmental responses of two crop plants exposed to silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles. | the increasing applications of different nanomaterials in the myriad of nano-enabled products and their potential for leaching have raised considerable environmental, health and safety (ehs) concerns. as systematic studies investigating potential anomalies in the morphology and anatomy of crop plants are scarce, herein we report on the developmental responses of two agriculturally significant crop plants, maize (zea mays l.) and cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata l.), upon in vitro exposur ... | 2013 | 23532040 |
| glucosinolate biosynthesis in hairy root cultures of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica). | here we present previously unreported glucosinolate production by hairy root cultures of broccoli (b. oleracea var. italica). growth media greatly influenced the growth and glucosinolate content of hairy root cultures of broccoli. seven glucosinolates, glucoraphanin, gluconapin, glucoerucin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, gluconasturtiin, and neoglucobrassicin, were identified by analysis of the broccoli hairy root cultures. both half and full strength b5 and sh media enabled the highe ... | 2013 | 23513733 |
| thallium at the interface of soil and green cabbage (brassica oleracea l. var. capitata l.): soil-plant transfer and influencing factors. | thallium (tl) is a non-essential and toxic trace metal found in many plants, but it can accumulate at particularly high concentration in green cabbage (brassica oleracea l. var. capitata l.). the aim of this study is to explore the transfer and accumulation of tl at the interface of rhizospheric soil and green cabbage from a long-term tl contaminated site in southwestern guizhou province, china. influencing factors such as tl distribution in various soil fractions and physical-chemical character ... | 2013 | 23474259 |
| pheromone-based action thresholds for control of the swede midge, contarinia nasturtii (diptera: cecidomyiidae), and residual insecticide efficacy in cole crops. | the swede midge, contarinia nasturtii (kieffer), is an invasive gall midge causing economic damage to cole crops (brassica oleracea l.) and other crucifers in eastern canada and united states. an effective decision-making tool for timing insecticide applications is a critical part of an integrated pest management program against c. nasturtii. experiments were undertaken over 2 yr and at three locations in southern ontario to develop pheromone-based action thresholds for c. nasturtii in cabbage a ... | 2013 | 23448040 |
| the potential to intensify sulforaphane formation in cooked broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) using mustard seeds (sinapis alba). | sulforaphane, a naturally occurring cancer chemopreventive, is the hydrolysis product of glucoraphanin, the main glucosinolate in broccoli. the hydrolysis requires myrosinase isoenzyme to be present in sufficient activity; however, processing leads to its denaturation and hence reduced hydrolysis. in this study, the effect of adding mustard seeds, which contain a more resilient isoform of myrosinase, to processed broccoli was investigated with a view to intensify the formation of sulforaphane. t ... | 2013 | 23411305 |
| understanding the degradation of ascorbic acid and glutathione in relation to the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in broccoli (brassica oleracea l. italica cv. bellstar) during storage and mechanical processing. | the purpose of this research was to understand the degradation of ascorbic acid and glutathione content in broccoli florets (brassica oleracea l. italica cv. bellstar) during prolonged storage and subsequent mechanical processing. the initial content of total ascorbic acid and glutathione in broccoli florets averaged at 5.18 ± 0.23 and 0.70 ± 0.03 μmol/g fresh weight, respectively. results showed that the content of ascorbic acid and glutathione in broccoli degraded during storage at 23°c, for a ... | 2013 | 23411255 |
| thermal-induced changes of kale's antioxidant activity analyzed by hplc-uv/vis-online-teac detection. | generally, boiling of vegetables is assumed leading to lower nutritional values because of leaching effects and activity loss of bioactive compounds. kale (brassica oleracea var. sabellica) reveals a great diversity of flavonoids, which have been shown to be good antioxidants. as brassica vegetables are mainly consumed cooked, the influence of boiling on kale's flavonoids and their antioxidant activity was investigated. therefore, three kale cultivars were cooked at 100°c for 2 and 4h prior to a ... | 2013 | 23411188 |
| apoptotic role of natural isothiocyanate from broccoli (brassica oleracea italica) in experimental chemical lung carcinogenesis. | sulforaphane (sfn) [1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)butane] is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli [brassica oleracea l. var. italica plenck. (brassicaceae)]. since it is among the most potent bioactive components with antioxidant and antitumor properties, it has received intense attention in the recent years for its chemopreventive properties. | 2013 | 23373711 |
| characterisation of taste-active extracts from raw brassica oleracea vegetables. | chemical and sensory characterisation of whole and fractionated myrosinase-free extracts from selected australian-grown, raw brassica vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts and red cabbage) was carried out to determine the contribution of key phytochemicals (i.e. glucosinolates, free sugars, phenolics) to the taste profiles of these vegetables. glucosinolate (gs) and phenolic profiles were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and mass spectrome ... | 2013 | 23370542 |
| antioxidant and in vitro anticancer effect of 2-pyrrolidinone rich fraction of brassica oleracea var. capitata through induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells. | the aim of this study was to analyze if the 2-pyrrolidinone rich fraction of brassica oleracea var. capitata exhibiting antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities. 2-pyrrolidinone is an active compound present in brassica oleracea var. capitata. our findings explored the potential use of 2-pyrrolidinone in cancer treatment. this compound was identified and isolated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography from the leaf of brassica oleracea var. capit ... | 2013 | 23292857 |
| different postharvest strategies to preserve broccoli quality during storage and shelf life: controlled atmosphere and 1-mcp. | broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) is a vegetable that requires the application of postharvest techniques to extend its marketability. controlled atmosphere and 1-mcp treatments are most used to extend the shelf life of broccoli and reduce post-harvest deterioration. the aim of this study was to evaluate the visual, physicochemical and functional changes of broccoli head samples stored at 1-2 °c and 85-90% relative humidity (rh) in air (control samples), under controlled atmospheres (10% ... | 2013 | 23265525 |
| persistence of metaflumizone on cabbage (brassica oleracea linne) and soil, and its risk assessment. | metaflumizone is a novel sodium channel blocker insecticide of semicarbazone class. it provides good to excellent control of most of the economically important lepidopterous pests and certain pests in the orders coleoptera, hemiptera, hymenoptera, diptera, isoptera, and siphonaptera. although metaflumizone has been marketed globally for several years and got registered in india in the year 2009, specifically for the control of dbm on cabbage, to our knowledge, no food safety aspects of metaflumi ... | 2013 | 23224645 |
| effect of sprout extract from tuscan black cabbage on xenobiotic-metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes in rat liver. | in recent years, health protection by natural products has received considerable attention, and a multitude of nutraceuticals have been characterized and their use promoted. dietary consumption of cruciferous vegetables, rich in glucosinolates (gls), and their myrosinase-mediated hydrolysis products isothiocyanates (itcs), were associated with reductions in cancer risk. in this study, the chemo-preventive potential of sprout extract of tuscan black cabbage (brassica oleracea l. var. acephala sub ... | 2013 | 23183052 |
| in vitro propagation of cauliflower using curd microexplants. | cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis) with its distinctive pre-inflorescence or curd is a remarkable member of the brassica cabbage group. during curd development, intense and repetitive branching leads to a spectacular increase in size and the accumulation of millions of meristems at its surface. although destined to produce flowers, most of these meristems are capable of regenerating vegetative shoots in vitro, making curd fragments an excellent material for the micropropagation of cau ... | 2013 | 23179711 |
| an overview of health-promoting compounds of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) and the effect of processing. | broccoli offers many heath-promoting properties owing to its content of antioxidant and anticarcinogenic compounds. the concentration and bioavailability of polyphenols, glucosinolates, sulforaphane and selenium depend on plant biochemistry, cultivation strategy and type of processing. in this article, the main biochemical properties of broccoli are reviewed regarding their health-promoting effects. additionally, the way these properties are affected by processing is discussed. steaming and dryi ... | 2012 | 23175779 |
| regulation of the major vacuolar ca²⁺ transporter genes, by intercellular ca²⁺ concentration and abiotic stresses, in tip-burn resistant brassica oleracea. | calcium is an essential plant macronutrient that has unique structural and signaling roles related to tip-burn disorder in brassica spp. crops. for two types of cabbage inbred lines, tip-burn susceptible and resistant, we measured and compared major macronutrient cations, including ca(2+), in leaves. in both lines, ca(2+), mg(2+), na(+), and k(+), accumulated more in leaf base than in leaf apex. ca(2+) and k(+) were >2 times more abundant in the tip-burn resistant line, while na(+) was higher in ... | 2013 | 23138186 |
| contribution of cell walls, nonprotein thiols, and organic acids to cadmium resistance in two cabbage varieties. | to study possible cadmium (cd) resistance mechanisms in cabbage (brassica oleracea l.), several parameters of metal uptake, distribution, and complexation were compared between two varieties chunfeng [cf (cd-tolerant)] and lvfeng [lf (cd-sensitive)]. results showed that cf contained significantly lower cd concentrations in leaves and higher cd concentrations in roots than lf. approximately 70 to 74 % and 66 to 68 % of cd taken up by lf and cf, respectively, was transported to shoots. more cd was ... | 2013 | 23111495 |
| niche engineering reveals complementary resource use. | greater resource use by diverse communities might result from species occupying complementary niches. demonstrating niche complementarity among species is challenging, however, due to the difficulty in relating differences between species in particular traits to their use of complementary resources. here, we overcame this obstacle by exploiting plastic foraging behavior in a community of predatory insects common on brassica oleracea plants in washington, usa. these predators complemented one ano ... | 2012 | 23094370 |
| effects of indole glucosinolates on performance and sequestration by the sawfly athalia rosae and consequences of feeding on the plant defense system. | in this study, the performance and sequestration specificity of the sawfly athalia rosae l. (hymenoptera: tenthredinidae) reared on two wild brassica oleracea l. (brassicaceae) populations (kim and win), which express indole glucosinolates (gss) in very high concentrations, were investigated. the local and systemic plant responses to larval feeding also were analyzed. indole gss predominated in kim plants, whereas aliphatic gss prevailed in the win population, which had several times higher tota ... | 2012 | 23053922 |
| comparative persistence of thiacloprid in bt-transgenic cabbage (brassica oleracea cv. capitata) vis-à-vis non-transgenic crop and its decontamination. | thiacloprid is a systemic neonicotinoid. the study hypothesized that difference may be seen in the rate of dissipation of thiacloprid when applied on non-transgenic and transgenic cabbage. thiacloprid was estimated by hplc. half life of thiacloprid in transgenic as well as in normal cabbage ranged between 12.3-13.1 days in two doses of application. under field condition, after 15 days, 59.2% and 54.3% dissipation was recorded at lower and higher rates of application in transgenic cabbage, where ... | 2012 | 23052637 |
| construction and analysis of a high-density genetic linkage map in cabbage (brassica oleracea l. var. capitata). | brassica oleracea encompass a family of vegetables and cabbage that are among the most widely cultivated crops. in 2009, the b. oleracea genome sequencing project was launched using next generation sequencing technology. none of the available maps were detailed enough to anchor the sequence scaffolds for the genome sequencing project. this report describes the development of a large number of ssr and snp markers from the whole genome shotgun sequence data of b. oleracea, and the construction of ... | 2012 | 23033896 |
| red cabbage ( brassica oleracea ) as a new source of high-thermostable peroxidase. | soluble and membrane-bound peroxidases (pods) were extracted from red cabbage using triton x-114. optimum activity was obtained at ph 4.0 for both enzymes, and both were inactivated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds). the k(m) and v(m) values for h(2)o(2) were found to be 0.98 mm and 8.1 μm/min, respectively, for soluble pod and 0.82 mm and 6.1 μm/min, respectively, for membrane-bound pod. when the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazolinesulfonic acid (abts) concentration was increased, maintaining a s ... | 2012 | 23013444 |
| inhibitory effects of kale ingestion on metabolism by cytochrome p450 enzymes in rats. | kale (brassica oleracea l. var acephala dc) is a leafy green vegetable belonging to the cabbage family (brassicaceae) that contains a large amount of health-promoting phytochemicals. there are any reports about the effects of kale ingestion on the chemoprevention function and mechanism, but the interactions between kale and drugs have not been researched. we investigated the effects of kale intake on cytochrome p450 (cyp) metabolism by using cocktail probe drugs, including midazolam (for cyp3a4) ... | 2012 | 22975634 |
| seed storage at elevated partial pressure of oxygen, a fast method for analysing seed ageing under dry conditions. | despite differences in physiology between dry and relative moist seeds, seed ageing tests most often use a temperature and seed moisture level that are higher than during dry storage used in commercial practice and gene banks. this study aimed to test whether seed ageing under dry conditions can be accelerated by storing under high-pressure oxygen. methods: dry barley (hordeum vulgare), cabbage (brassica oleracea), lettuce (lactuca sativa) and soybean (glycine max) seeds were stored between 2 an ... | 2012 | 22967856 |
| differential responses of two broccoli (brassica oleracea l. var italica) cultivars to salinity and nutritional quality improvement. | the comparative responses of two broccoli cultivars (brassica oleracea var. italica, cv. parthenon and cv. naxos) to a 15 d exposure to different nacl levels were investigated. salinity led to increased concentrations of na(+) and cl(-) ions in both cultivars, a disruption of the endogenous minerals levels in the shoots and roots-that varied with the cultivar and salt concentration-and decreases in the osmotic potential (ψ(π)), root hydraulic conductance (l(0)), and stomatal conductance (g(s)). ... | 2012 | 22956893 |
| the dose-dependent influence of zinc and cadmium contamination of soil on their uptake and glucosinolate content in white cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba). | the relationship between the ability to accumulate heavy metals (represented by cd and zn) and to synthesize bioactive compounds (represented by glucosinolates [gls]) was investigated in two cabbage cultivars. plants were grown in the greenhouse of a phytotron under controlled conditions in soils spiked with two different zn or cd concentrations. the measurements of cd and zn contents in soil and cabbage (leaf) samples were performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy, whereas gls levels in cabba ... | 2012 | 22886927 |
| evaluation of the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of brassica oleracea l. var. acephala d.c. in different cells of mice. | brassica oleracea l. var. acephala d.c. has been extensively used in brazilian traditional medicine to treat gastric ulcer. | 2012 | 22884872 |
| quantitative profiling of glucosinolates by lc-ms analysis reveals several cultivars of cabbage and kale as promising sources of sulforaphane. | sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate well known for its potential health benefits. with the aim of finding sulforaphane supply sources, its precursor, glucoraphanin, was widely searched for among brassica oleracea varieties. quantitative profiling of seven glucosinolates by lc-ms analysis was performed on 6 cultivars of broccoli, 32 of cabbage and 24 cultivars of kale. the glucoraphanin levels found in three cultivars of cabbage and six cultivars of kale were comparable with, or even higher than, t ... | 2012 | 22857862 |
| rapid estimation of glucosinolate thermal degradation rate constants in leaves of chinese kale and broccoli (brassica oleracea) in two seasons. | kinetic modeling was used as a tool to quantitatively estimate glucosinolate thermal degradation rate constants. literature shows that thermal degradation rates differ in different vegetables. well-characterized plant material, leaves of broccoli and chinese kale plants grown in two seasons, was used in the study. it was shown that a first-order reaction is appropriate to model glucosinolate degradation independent from the season. no difference in degradation rate constants of structurally iden ... | 2012 | 22816876 |
| antiproliferative effects of fresh and thermal processed green and red cultivars of curly kale (brassica oleracea l. convar. acephala var. sabellica). | brassica vegetables contain a diverse range of phytochemicals with biological properties such as antioxidant and anticancer activity. however, knowledge about how biological activities are affected by processing is lacking. a green cultivar and a red cultivar of curly kale were evaluated for water/methanol-soluble phytochemicals before and after processing involving blanching, freeze storage, and boil-in-bag heat treatment. in both kale cultivars, processing resulted in a significant decrease of ... | 2012 | 22769426 |
| composition and antioxidant activity of kale (brassica oleracea l. var. acephala) raw and cooked. | cabbage vegetables, like brassica group, are perceived as very valuable food products. they have a very good nutritive value, high antioxidant activity and pro-healthy potential. especially, kale (brassica oleracea l. var. acephala) is characterized by good nutritional and pro-healthy properties, but this vegetable is not popular in poland. the aim of this work was to assess the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of kale variety winterbor f(1) and investigation of cooking process on s ... | 2013 | 22744944 |
| metabolic profiling of glucosinolates, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and other secondary metabolites in kohlrabi (brassica oleracea var. gongylodes). | we profiled and quantified glucosinolates, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and other secondary metabolites in the skin and flesh of pale green and purple kohlrabis. analysis of these distinct kohlrabis revealed the presence of 8 glucosinolates, 12 anthocyanins, 2 carotenoids, and 7 phenylpropanoids. glucosinolate contents varied among the different parts and types of kohlrabi. glucoerucin contents were 4-fold higher in the flesh of purple kohlrabi than those in the skin. among the 12 anthocyanins, cy ... | 2012 | 22742768 |
| simultaneous extraction and quantitation of carotenoids, chlorophylls, and tocopherols in brassica vegetables. | brassica oleracea vegetables, such as broccoli (b. oleracea l. var. italica) and cauliflower (b. oleracea l. var. botrytis), are known to contain bioactive compounds associated with health, including three classes of photosynthetic lipid-soluble compounds: carotenoids, chlorophylls, and tocopherols. carotenoids and chlorophylls are photosynthetic pigments. tocopherols have vitamin e activity. due to genetic and environmental variables, the amounts present in vegetables are not constant. to aid b ... | 2012 | 22734504 |
| identification and characterization of micrornas and their target genes in brassica oleracea. | the micrornas are a new class of small non-coding endogenous rnas with lengths of approximately ~21 nt. micrornas perform their biological function via the degradation of the target mrnas or by inhibiting protein translation. until recently, only limited numbers of mirnas were identified in brassica oleracea, a vegetable widely cultivated around the world. in present study, 193 potential mirna candidates were identified from 17 expressed sequence tag (ests) and 152 genome survey sequences (gsss) ... | 2012 | 22688123 |
| the effects of kale (brassica oleracea ssp. acephala), basil (ocimum basilicum) and thyme (thymus vulgaris) as forage material in organic egg production on egg quality. | 1. in organic egg production, forage material as part of the diet for laying hens is mandatory. the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of feeding with forage materials including maize silage, herbs or kale on egg production and various egg quality parameters of the shell, yolk colour, egg albumen, sensory properties, fatty acid and carotenoid composition of the egg yolk. 2. a total of 5 dietary treatments were tested for 5 weeks, consisting of a basal organic feed plus 120 g/ ... | 2012 | 22646790 |
| effect of insecticides and plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) genotype on a predator and parasitoid and implications for the evolution of insecticide resistance. | in the laboratory and in cages in the greenhouse, we evaluated the toxicity of two insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin and spinosad) on the parasitoid, diadegma insulare (cresson), and the predator, coleomegilla maculate (degeer), both natural enemies of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.). lambda-cyhalothrin was very toxic to both natural enemies. spinosad was less toxic to c. maculata adults and larvae, and slightly toxic to d. insulare. both natural enemies suppressed p. xylostella po ... | 2012 | 22606803 |
| in vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of phytophthora nicotianae breda de haan from different hosts by brassicaceae species. effect of the developmental stage of the biofumigant plants. | the hydrolysis products of glucosinolates in brassicaceae tissues are potentially useful for the control of fungal pathogens. the in vitro activity of these products against phytophthora nicotianae breda de haan was studied, with the isolates exposed to the volatile products released from the brassica tissues. | 2012 | 22588902 |
| brassica oleracea l. var. costata dc and pieris brassicae l. aqueous extracts reduce methyl methanesulfonate-induced dna damage in v79 hamster lung fibroblasts. | brassica oleracea l. var. costata dc leaves and pieris brassicae l. larvae aqueous extracts were assayed for their potential to prevent/induce dna damage. none of them was mutagenic at the tested concentrations in the ames test reversion assay using salmonella his(+) ta98 strains, with and without metabolic activation. in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase mutation assay using mammalian v79 fibroblast cell line, extracts at 500 μg/ml neither induced mutations nor protected agains ... | 2012 | 22582708 |
| chloroplast subspecies-specific snp detection and its maternal inheritance in brassica oleracea l. by using a dcaps marker. | chloroplast simple sequence repeats amplicons in 5 subspecies of brassica oleracea were sequenced, and one chloroplast snp was detected in amplicon acp43. through the introduction of an rsai recognition site by adding one mismatch in the forward primer, combined with the increased primer length and raised annealing temperature, the dcaps (derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences) marker acp43-93 rsai was successfully developed. by using the dcaps marker, the subspecies-specific snp was as ... | 2012 | 22577190 |
| kale extract increases glutathione levels in v79 cells, but does not protect them against acute toxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide. | this study aims to evaluate the antioxidant potential of extracts of brassica oleracea l. var. acephala dc. (kale) and several materials of pieris brassicae l., a common pest of brassica cultures using a cellular model with hamster lung fibroblast (v79 cells) under quiescent conditions and subjected to h₂o₂ induced oxidative stress. cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (mtt) assay and glutathione was determined by the 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrob ... | 2012 | 22565479 |
| molecular and functional characterization of broccoli embryonic flower 2 genes. | polycomb group (pcg) proteins regulate major developmental processes in arabidopsis. embryonic flower 2 (emf2), the vefs domain-containing pcg gene, regulates diverse genetic pathways and is required for vegetative development and plant survival. despite widespread emf2-like sequences in plants, little is known about their function other than in arabidopsis and rice. to study the role of emf2 in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica cv. elegance) development, we identified two broccoli emf2 ( ... | 2012 | 22537758 |
| inhibitory effects of broccolini leaf flavonoids on human cancer cells. | broccolini (brassica oleracea italica × alboglabra) is a hybrid between broccoli and gai lan, also known as chinese broccoli and chinese kale. the aim of this study was to assess the antitumor activity of broccolini leaf flavonoids (blf). cell growth inhibition was evaluated using a standard colorimetric mtt assay, cellular morphology was observed using phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry was introduced to further investigate cells apoptosis effect. the results showed that blf possess a ... | 2012 | 22532078 |
| dissipation of flubendiamide residues in/on cabbage (brassica oleracea l.). | residues of fubendiamide and its metabolite desiodo flubendiamide were estimated in cabbage and soil using high-performance liquid chromatography with uv-vis detector. the initial deposits of flubendiamide residues on cabbage were found to be 0.16 and 0.31 μg g(-1) following two applications of flubendiamide 20 wg at 12.5 (standard dose) and 25 (double dose) g a.i. ha(-1) respectively at 10-days interval. the half-life values (t(1/2)) of flubendiamide on cabbage ranged from 3.4 to 3.6 days. when ... | 2013 | 22527473 |
| purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from cauliflower (brassica oleracea l.). | polyphenol oxidase (ppo) of cauliflower was purified to 282-fold with a recovery rate of 8.1%, using phloroglucinol as a substrate. the enzyme appeared as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the estimated molecular weight of the enzyme was 60 and 54 kda by sds-page and gel filtration, respectively. the purified enzyme, called phloroglucinol oxidase (pho), oxidized phloroglucinol (k(m) = 3.3 mm) and phloroglucinolcarboxylic acid. the enzyme also ... | 2012 | 22471879 |
| impact of thermal processing on sulforaphane yield from broccoli ( brassica oleracea l. ssp. italica). | in broccoli, sulforaphane forms when the glucosinolate glucoraphanin is hydrolyzed by the endogenous plant thiohydrolase myrosinase. a myrosinase cofactor directs hydrolysis away from the formation of bioactive sulforaphane and toward an inactive product, sulforaphane nitrile. the cofactor is more heat sensitive than myrosinase, presenting an opportunity to preferentially direct hydrolysis toward sulforaphane formation through regulation of thermal processing. four broccoli cultivars were microw ... | 2012 | 22471240 |
| effects of trophic level and metamorphosis on discrimination of hydrogen isotopes in a plant-herbivore system. | the use of stable isotopes in ecological studies requires that we know the magnitude of discrimination factors between consumer and element sources. the causes of variation in discrimination factors for carbon and nitrogen have been relatively well studied. in contrast, the discrimination factors for hydrogen have rarely been measured. we grew cabbage looper caterpillars (trichoplusia ni) on cabbage (brassica oleracea) plants irrigated with four treatments of deuterium-enriched water (δd = -131, ... | 2012 | 22470423 |
| physiological and biochemical adverse effects of heavy metals on brassica oleracea grown in sanganer area, india. | the paper reveals results of a study carried out in agricultural fields of sanganer town in india. this town is situated 20 km away from the heart of jaipur city. in the study area (amanishah nalla sanganer, jaipur) vegetables are grown in the fields receiving sewerage and textile wastewater. water, soil and crop (plant samples) were collected from the agricultural fields of sanganer for analysis. wastewater (from amanishsh nalla) used as irrigation water in agricultural fields of sanganer town ... | 2012 | 24749378 |
| morphological, cytological, and molecular characterization of hybrids and their progenies derived from the somatic hybridization of brassica campestris and brassica oleracea. | in order to produce interspecific somatic hybrids between brassica campestris (2n = 20, aa) and brassica oleracea (2n = 18, cc), we isolated protoplasts from cotyledons and hypocotyls of young seedlings, and fused by 40% polyethylene glycol (peg). fused cells were cultured in modified k8p liquid medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l 2,4-dichorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) +0.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (6-ba)+0.1 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (naa)+ 0.1 mg/l kinetin (kin), 0.3 mol/l sucrose and 0.3 mol/l ... | 2011 | 22393713 |
| simultaneous determination of glucoraphanin and sulforaphane in brassica oleracea seeds by high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detector. | in this article, a novel and efficient analysis method is described to simultaneously and quantitatively determine glucoraphanin and its major degradation product sulforaphane by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) coupled with an evaporative light-scattering detector (elsd). this method was validated according to the regulatory guidelines with respect to precision, accuracy and linearity. the hplc-elsd method was successfully used to assess the contents of glucoraphanin ... | 2013 | 22352409 |
| chemical identification strategies using liquid chromatography-photodiode array-solid-phase extraction-nuclear magnetic resonance/mass spectrometry. | the identification of metabolites in biochemical studies is a major bottleneck in the proliferating field of metabolomics. in particular in plant metabolomics, given the diversity and abundance of endogenous secondary metabolites in plants, the identification of these is not only challenging but also essential to understanding their biological role in the plant, and their value to quality and nutritional attributes as food crops. with the new generation of analytical technologies, in which liqui ... | 2012 | 22351183 |
| persistence of fipronil and its risk assessment on cabbage, brassica oleracea var. capitata l. | persistence of fipronil in cabbage was studied following three applications of jump 80 wg at 75 and 150 g a.i. ha(-1) at 7 day interval. the average initial deposits of total fipronil (fipronil and its metabolites) were 1.226 and 2.704 mg kg(-1) on the heads following 3rd application of fipronil at single and double the dosages, respectively. desulfinyl was found to be the main metabolite followed by sulfone and sulfide. metabolite amide was not detected in cabbage samples. half-life periods for ... | 2012 | 22321411 |
| thermally induced degradation of sulfur-containing aliphatic glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts (brassica oleracea var. italica) and model systems. | processing reduces the glucosinolate (gsl) content of plant food, among other aspects due to thermally induced degradation. since there is little information about the thermal stability of gsl and formation of corresponding breakdown products, the thermally induced degradation of sulfur-containing aliphatic gsl was studied in broccoli sprouts and with isolated gsl in dry medium at different temperatures as well as in aqueous medium at different ph values. desulfo-gsl have been analyzed with hplc ... | 2012 | 22321130 |
| enantioselective residue dissipation of hexaconazole in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), head cabbage (brassica oleracea l. var. caulorapa dc.), and soils. | in this study, the enantioselective dissipation behavior of hexaconazole was investigated in cucumber fruit, head cabbage, and two different types of agricultural soils. the dissipation kinetics was determined by reverse-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on a cellulose tris (3-chloro-4-methylphenylcarbamate) chiral column. dissipation rates of hexaconazole enantiomers followed first-order kinetics; the residues of (+)-enantiomer decreased more rapidly than (-)-enantiomer in cu ... | 2012 | 22309697 |
| antioxidative and antitumor properties of in vitro-cultivated broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica). | broccoli [brassica oleracea l. var. italica plenck. (brassicaceae)] contains substantial quantities of bioactive compounds, which are good free radical scavengers and thus might have strong antitumor properties. enhancing production of plant secondary metabolites could be obtained with phytohormones that have significant effects on the metabolism of secondary metabolites. in that manner, in vitro culture presents good model for manipulation with plant tissues in order to affect secondary metabol ... | 2012 | 22235886 |
| consequences of constitutive and induced variation in the host's food plant quality for parasitoid larval development. | constitutive and induced changes in plant quality impact higher trophic levels, such as the development of parasitoids, in different ways. an efficient way to study how plant quality affects parasitoids is to examine how the parasitoid larva is integrated within the host during the growth process. in two experiments, we investigated the effects of varying nutritional quality of brassica oleracea on parasitoid larval development inside the host, the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella). first, ... | 2012 | 22233934 |
| metabolism of the insecticide metofluthrin in cabbage (brassica oleracea). | the metabolic fate of metofluthrin [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)benzyl (e,z)-(1r,3r)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(prop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate] separately labeled with (14)c at the carbonyl carbon and the α-position of the 4-methoxymethylbenzyl ring was studied in cabbage ( brassica oleracea ). an acetonitrile solution of (14)c-metofluthrin at 431 g ai ha(-1) was once applied topically to cabbage leaves at head-forming stage, and the plants were grown for up to 14 days. each isomer of metoflu ... | 2012 | 22224911 |
| plant neighborhood influences colonization of brassicaceae by specialist and generalist aphids. | a plant's own characteristics, but also those of its neighbors, might have an impact on its probability of being colonized by herbivorous insects. a plant might be less colonized and experience associational resistance when it grows near repellent neighbors. in contrast, it might be more colonized and experience associational susceptibility near attractive neighbors. to date, mechanisms that drive associational defense are not really understood. in order to gain insights into the occurrence of a ... | 2012 | 22218942 |
| host finding and acceptance preference of the yellowmargined leaf beetle, microtheca ochroloma (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), on cruciferous crops. | the yellowmargined leaf beetle, microtheca ochroloma stål (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), is an introduced pest of cruciferous crops in the southern united states, and arguably the most damaging pest of organic crucifer vegetable production in the region. studies were conducted in the greenhouse and laboratory to investigate host finding and acceptance preference of m. ochroloma on four commonly grown cruciferous crops: cabbage (brassica oleracea l. variety capitata), collards (b. oleracea l. varie ... | 2011 | 22217763 |
| mechanisms of anticancer activity of sulforaphane from brassica oleracea in hep-2 human epithelial carcinoma cell line. | sulforaphane (sfn) an isothiocyanate formed by hydrolysis of glucosinolates found in brassica oleraceae is reported to possess anticancer and antioxidant activities. in this study, we isolated sfn from red cabbage (brassica oleraceae var rubra) and evaluated the comparative antiproliferative activity of various fractions (standard sfn, extract and purified sfn) by mtt assay in human epithelial carcinoma hep -2 and and vero cells. probable apoptotic mechanisms mediated through p53, bax and bcl-2 ... | 2012 | 22901176 |
| real-time analysis of sulfur-containing volatiles in brassica plants infested with root-feeding delia radicum larvae using proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry. | plants damaged by herbivores emit a variety of volatile organic compounds (vocs). here we used proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry (ptr-ms) as a sensitive detection method for online analysis of herbivore-induced vocs. previously, it was found that brassica nigra plants emit several sulfur-containing vocs when attacked by cabbage root fly (delia radicum) larvae with m/z 60 as a marker for the formation of allylisothiocyanate from the glucosinolate sinigrin. we tested the hypothesis that m ... | 2012 | 22916330 |
| natural antioxidants in purple sprouting broccoli under mediterranean climate. | broccoli, (brassica oleracea var. italica), is generally recognized as a nutritive food rich in natural antioxidants, including vitamins and phenolics compounds. phytochemical composition of 3 different purple sprouting broccoli varieties according with their production cycle: eep (extra early), ep (early), and lp (late) were determined. the 3 cultivars tested were grown under the same conditions in an experimental field (se spain) where they were not previously cultivated since these cultivars ... | 2012 | 22924736 |
| effects of kale (brassica oleracea l. var. acephala dc) leaves extracts on the susceptibility of very low and low density lipoproteins to oxidation. | | 2011 | 22165296 |
| sucrose enhances the accumulation of anthocyanins and glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts. | the germination rate, fresh weight, as well as the contents of anthocyanins and glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts treated with different kinds of sugars, including sucrose, glucose, fructose, mannitol, and fructose/glucose (1:1), were investigated. the results showed that all the sugars induced the accumulation of anthocyanins and glucosinolates with sucrose being the most effective one. in accordance with the accumulation of anthocyanins and glucosinolates, the antioxidant level increased whil ... | 2011 | 25212340 |
| influence of previous experience on the preference, food utilization and performance of ascia monuste orseis wild larvae (godart) (lepidoptera: pieridae) for three different hosts. | the exhaustion of food resources which occurs during the ontogenetic growth of ascia monuste orseis (godart) results in the dispersion of older larvae to nearby plants in order to complete their development, which might expose these animals to the nutritional variation of the hosts found. this study aimed to verify whether the food ingested in the beginning of the development influences the larvae host preference and whether the shift to a new host can affect the digestion and performance of a. ... | 2013 | 23939268 |
| effect of hexavalent chromium on the growth and physiological and biochemical parameters on brassica oleracea l. var. acephala dc. | in order to determine the toxic effect of chromium cr(vi) on the seed germination, the root and shoot length, the root-cotyledonary leaves, the fresh and dry weight in eight-day-old seedlings brassica oleracea l. var. acephala dc (kale) were treated with various concentrations of cr in the growth medium. the accumulation of chromium in the tissues was determined in the cotyledons and the roots of the kale seedlings. high rate of cr uptake was observed in the roots. but the organs could not accum ... | 2011 | 22119874 |
| parasitoid-specific induction of plant responses to parasitized herbivores affects colonization by subsequent herbivores. | plants are exposed to a suite of herbivorous attackers that often arrive sequentially. herbivory affects interactions between the host plants and subsequently attacking herbivores. moreover, plants may respond to herbivory by emitting volatile organic compounds (vocs) that attract carnivorous natural enemies of the herbivores. however, information borne by vocs is ubiquitous and may attract carnivores, such as parasitoids, that differ in their effectiveness at releasing the plant from its herbiv ... | 2011 | 22084113 |
| soil pollution under the effect of treated municipal wastewater. | soil heavy metal pollution due to wastewater reuse was assessed by means of the concentration factor (cf) and/or pollution load index (pli).in this respect, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted, using a completely randomized block design, including five treatments of treated municipal wastewater (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), in four replications. brassica oleracea var. capitata was used as a test crop. the optimum cfs were expressed as a function of maximum dry matter of cabbage plant part ... | 2012 | 22083400 |
| food safety assessment of planting patterns of four vegetable-type crops grown in soil contaminated by electronic waste activities. | a field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of crop and planting pattern on levels of cadmium (cd), lead (pb), and copper (cu) in crops grown in soil contaminated by electronic waste. the crops were maize (zea mays l. var. shentian-1), tomato (solanum lycopersicum l. var. zhongshu-4), cabbage (brassica oleracea l. var. jingfeng-1), and pakchoi (brassica chinensis (l.) makino. var. youdonger-hangzhou). the planting patterns were crop monoculture, crop co-planted with a legume, and crop ... | 2012 | 22054567 |
| broccoli and turnip plants display contrasting responses to belowground induction by delia radicum infestation and phytohormone applications. | induced responses to insect herbivory are a common phenomenon in the plant kingdom. so far, induced responses have mostly investigated in aerial plant parts. recently it was found that root herbivore may also elicit both local and systemic responses affecting aboveground herbivores and their natural enemies. using broccoli (brassica oleracea subsp. italica l.) and turnip (brassica rapa subsp. rapa l.), two cultivated brassicaceaous plants differing in their chemistry and morphology, we analysed ... | 2012 | 22019318 |
| effect of technological processing and preservation method on amino acid content and protein quality in kale (brassica oleracea l. var. acephala) leaves. | the aim of the investigation was to evaluate the level of amino acids and quality of protein in raw and processed kale leaves. | 2012 | 22002466 |
| a putative functional myb transcription factor induced by low temperature regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple kale (brassica oleracea var. acephala f. tricolor). | the purple kale (brassica oleracea var. acephala f. tricolor) is a mutation in kales, giving the mutant phenotype of brilliant purple color in the interior. total anthocyanin analysis showed that the amount of anthocyanins in the purple kale was up to 1.73 mg g(-1) while no anthocyanin was detected in the white kale. to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the anthocyanin biosynthesis in the purple kale, we analyzed the expression of structural genes and some transcription factors associated wit ... | 2012 | 21987119 |
| population-related variation in plant defense more strongly affects survival of an herbivore than its solitary parasitoid wasp. | the performance of natural enemies, such as parasitoid wasps, is affected by differences in the quality of the host's diet, frequently mediated by species or population-related differences in plant allelochemistry. here, we compared survival, development time, and body mass in a generalist herbivore, the cabbage moth, mamestra brassicae, and its solitary endoparasitoid, microplitis mediator, when reared on two cultivated (cyr and sth) and three wild (kim, oh, and win) populations of cabbage, bra ... | 2011 | 21987026 |
| gastroprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of brassica oleracea var. acephala dc in different animal models. | brassica oleracea var. acephala dc has been extensively used in brazilian traditional medicine to treat gastric ulcer. | 2011 | 21986229 |
| volatile components of ethanolic extract from broccolini leaves. | broccolini (brassica oleracea italica × alboglabra) is a hybrid of broccoli and kai-lan, chinese broccoli. to date, no study has been reported on the chemical composition of the volatile fractions of this raw material. in this study, the volatile constituents from the ethanolic extract of broccolini leaves were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). sixteen compounds were identified. the major components include 5-phenyl-undecane (11%), n-hexadecanoic acid (9.34%), octadecanoi ... | 2012 | 21859369 |
| influence of high-pressure processing on the profile of polyglutamyl 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in selected vegetables. | in plants, folate occurs predominantly as 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5mthf) polyglutamyl forms. differences in stability and bioavailability of food folate compared to synthetic folic acid have been attributed to the presence of the polyglutamyl chain. high-pressure processing (hpp) was tested for whether it might shorten polyglutamyl chains of 5mthf species in fresh vegetables by enabling action of native γ-glutamylhydrolase (ggh). a validated ultrahigh-performance reversed-phase liquid chromato ... | 2011 | 21770413 |
| quality of white cabbage yield and potential risk of ground water nitrogen pollution, as affected by nitrogen fertilisation and irrigation practices. | the effect of different fertilisation (broadcast solid npk application and fertigation with water-soluble fertiliser) and irrigation practices (sprinkler and drip irrigation) on yield, the nitrate content in cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata l.) and the cabbage n uptake was detected, in order to assess the potential risk for n losses, by cultivation on sandy-loam soil. the n rate applied on the plots was 200 kg n ha(-1). | 2012 | 21769883 |
| proteomic analysis of stress-related proteins in transgenic broccoli harboring a gene for cytokinin production during postharvest senescence. | our previous study revealed a cytokinin-related retardation of post-harvest floret yellowing in transgenic broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) that harbored the bacterial isopentenyltransferase (ipt) gene. we aimed to investigate the underlining mechanism of this delayed post-harvest senescence. we used 2d electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry for a proteomics analysis of heads of ipt-transgenic and non-transgenic inbred lines ... | 2011 | 21763540 |
| quantitative proteomics by 2de and maldi ms/ms uncover the effects of organic and conventional cropping methods on vegetable products. | organic farming aims to be environmentally sound, but the question as to whether organic cropping brings more nutritional benefits to farmers and consumers than the conventional cropping needs still to be answered. to gain insights into the molecular effects of organic farming we used proteome analysis to analyze cabbage (brassica oleracea l. var 'capitata') and carrot (daucus carota var. 'sativus') our aim was to identify the metabolic pathways that are affected by different cropping regimes an ... | 2011 | 21757040 |
| a rapid quantitative determination of phenolic acids in brassica oleracea by capillary zone electrophoresis. | a simple and rapid capillary zone electrophoresis method to quantitatively determine the phenolic acid contents in brassica vegetables is described. phenolic compounds were extracted from broccoli, broccolini, brussels sprouts, cabbage and cauliflower and the main hydroxycinnamic acids (sinapic, ferulic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids) were isolated by solid phase extraction with c18 cartridges. using an optimised method, the four analytes were separated in less than 7min in a 50μm×60cm capillary ... | 2011 | 23140738 |
| fine mapping of a male sterility gene ms-cd1 in brassica oleracea. | a dominant male sterility (dgms) line 79-399-3, developed from a spontaneous mutation in brassica oleracea var. capitata, has been widely used in production of hybrid cultivars in china. in this line, male sterility is controlled by a dominant gene ms-cd1. in the present study, fine mapping of ms-cd1 was conducted by screening a segregating population ms79-07 with 2,028 individuals developed by four times backcrossing using a male sterile brassica oleracea var. italica line harboring ms-cd1 as d ... | 2011 | 21538103 |
| glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts (brassica oleracea var. italica) as conditioned by sulphate supply during germination. | sulphur (s) fertilization is essential for primary and secondary metabolism in cruciferous foods. deficient, suboptimal, or excessive s affects the growth and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in adult plants. nevertheless, there is little information regarding the influence of s fertilization on sprouts and seedlings. an experiment was set up to evaluate the effect of s fertilization, supplied as k(2)so(4) at 0, 15, 30, and 60 mg/l, on the glucosinolate content of broccoli sprouts during th ... | 2010 | 21535484 |
| 2-d zymographic analysis of broccoli (brassica oleracea l. var. italica) florets proteases: follow up of cysteine protease isotypes in the course of post-harvest senescence. | zymographic analysis of broccoli florets (brassica oleracea l. var. italica) revealed the presence of acidic metallo-proteases, serine proteases and cysteine proteases. under conditions which were denaturing for the other proteases, the study was restricted to cysteine proteases. 2-d zymography, a technique that combines ief and zymography was used to show the presence of 11 different cysteine protease spots with molecular mass of 44 and 47-48kda and pis ranging between 4.1 and 4.7. pi differenc ... | 2011 | 21496945 |
| ectopic expression of the brassica shootmeristemless attenuates the deleterious effects of the auxin transport inhibitor tiba on somatic embryo number and morphology. | the auxin transport inhibitor 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (tiba) is a useful compound for investigating the role of auxin flow during plant growth and development. in arabidopsis lines, applications of tiba during the induction phase of somatic embryogenesis inhibit embryo development and induce the differentiation of the meristematic cells of the shoot apical meristem (sam), leading to the fusion of the cotyledons. these abnormalities were associated to changes in the expression levels of auxin t ... | 2011 | 21421384 |
| evaluation of genotypic variation of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italic) in response to selenium treatment. | broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italic) fortified with selenium (se) has been promoted as a functional food. here, we evaluated 38 broccoli accessions for their capacity to accumulate se and for their responses to selenate treatment in terms of nutritional qualities and sulfur gene expresion. we found that the total se content varied with over 2-fold difference among the leaf tissues of broccoli accessions when the plants were treated with 20 μm na(2)seo(4). approximately half of total se accum ... | 2011 | 21417275 |
| bioactive compounds, myrosinase activity, and antioxidant capacity of white cabbages grown in different locations of spain. | the influence of two spanish growing locations with well-differentiated climatic conditions (northern and eastern areas) on the main bioactive compounds, glucosinolates (gls), total phenolic compounds (tpc), and vitamin c, as well as myrosinase activity and antioxidant capacity in five white cabbage ( brassica oleracea l. var. capitata) cultivars was investigated. cabbages with the highest concentration of total gls presented the highest vitamin c level (r = 0.75, p ≤ 0.05) and the lowest antiox ... | 2011 | 21413789 |
| extraction and identification of isothiocyanates from broccolini seeds. | broccolini (brassica oleracea italica x alboglabra) is a cross between broccoli and kai-lan (chinese broccoli), which contains abundant glucosinolates. the intact glucosinolates are believed to be inactive, while their hydrolysis products, such as isothiocyanates (itcs), are found to have bacteriocidal and anticarcinogenic activities. so far, no report is available about generation of itcs during the process of glucosinolate hydrolysis in broccolini. in this study, the hydrolysis of broccolini s ... | 2011 | 21366048 |
| identification and differential induction of the expression of aquaporins by salinity in broccoli plants. | plant aquaporins belong to a large superfamily of conserved proteins called the major intrinsic proteins (mips). there is limited information about the diversity of mips and their water transport capacity in broccoli (brassica oleracea) plants. in this study, the cdnas of isoforms of plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (pips), a class of aquaporins, from broccoli roots have been partially sequenced. thus, sequencing experiments led to the identification of eight pip1 and three pip2 genes encoding ... | 2011 | 21321750 |
| herbivore-induced volatiles of cabbage (brassica oleracea) prime defence responses in neighbouring intact plants. | when attacked by herbivores, plants release herbivore-induced plant volatiles (hipv) that may function in direct defence by repelling herbivores or reducing their growth. emission of hipv may also contribute to indirect defence by attracting natural enemies of the herbivore. here, cabbage (brassica oleracea l.) plants (receiver plants) previously exposed to hipv and subsequently induced through feeding by five pieris brassicae l. caterpillars attracted more cotesia glomerata l. parasitoids than ... | 2011 | 21309974 |
| changes to the proteome and targeted metabolites of xylem sap in brassica oleracea in response to salt stress. | root-to-shoot signalling via xylem sap is an important mechanism by which plants respond to stress. this signalling could be mediated by alteration in the concentrations of inorganic and/or organic molecules. the effect of salt stress on the contents of xylem sap in brassica olarecea has been analysed by mass spectrometry in order to quantify these changes. subcellular location of arabinogalactan proteins (agps) by immunogold labelling and peroxidase isozymes was also analysed by isoelectrofocus ... | 2011 | 21276013 |
| parasitoids select plants more heavily infested with their caterpillar hosts: a new approach to aid interpretation of plant headspace volatiles. | plants produce volatile organic compounds (vocs) in response to herbivore attack, and these vocs can be used by parasitoids of the herbivore as host location cues. we investigated the behavioural responses of the parasitoid cotesia vestalis to vocs from a plant-herbivore complex consisting of cabbage plants (brassica oleracea) and the parasitoids host caterpillar, plutella xylostella. a y-tube olfactometer was used to compare the parasitoids' responses to vocs produced as a result of different l ... | 2011 | 21270031 |
| tri-trophic effects of inter- and intra-population variation in defence chemistry of wild cabbage (brassica oleracea). | the effect of direct chemical defences in plants on the performance of insect herbivores and their natural enemies has received increasing attention over the past 10 years. however, much less is known about the scale at which this variation is generated and maintained, both within and across populations of the same plant species. this study compares growth and development of the large cabbage butterfly, pieris brassicae, and its gregarious pupal parasitoid, pteromalus puparum, on three wild popu ... | 2011 | 21140168 |
| resistance of cabbage (brassica oleracea capitata group) crops to mamestra brassicae. | twenty-one cabbage (brassica oleracea capitata group) varieties, including 16 local varieties and five commercial hybrids, were screened for resistance to the moth mamestra brassicae l. under natural and artificial conditions in northwestern spain. resistance was assessed as the proportion of damaged plants and damaged leaves, leaf feeding injury, and number of larvae present. correlation coefficients among damage traits showed that a visual scale (general appearance rating) should be a useful i ... | 2010 | 21061991 |
| short-range allelochemicals from a plant-herbivore association: a singular case of oviposition-induced synomone for an egg parasitoid. | oviposition-induced plant synomones are semiochemical cues used by egg parasitoids during host selection, and are therefore considered important elements of plant defence. in this paper we show that, in the tritrophic system brassica oleracea-murgantia histrionica-trissolcus brochymenae, the latter responded in a closed arena and in a static olfactometer to induced chemicals that are perceived from a very short range and after parasitoid contact with the leaf surface opposite the treated surface ... | 2010 | 21037071 |
| effect of visible light treatments on postharvest senescence of broccoli (brassica oleracea l.). | broccoli (brassica oleracea l.) is a rapidly perishable vegetable crop. several postharvest treatments have been applied in order to delay de-greening. since light has been shown to have an effect on pigment accumulation during development and darkness is known to induce senescence, the effect of continuous and periodic exposure to low-intensity white light at 22 °c on postharvest senescence of broccoli heads was assayed. | 2011 | 20960461 |
| characterization, quantification, and yearly variation of the naturally occurring polyphenols in a common red variety of curly kale ( brassica oleracea l. convar. acephala var. sabellica cv. 'redbor'). | this study focuses on the characterization and quantification of polyphenols in the edible leaves of red curly kale ( brassica oleracea l. convar. acephala (dc.) alef. var. sabellica l.), variety 'redbor f1 hybrid'. the kale was grown at an experimental field (59° 40' n) in the years 2007-2009. the analysis of kale extract by hplc-dad-esi-ms has allowed the determination of 47 different acylated and nonacylated flavonoid glycosides and complex hydroxycinnamic acids. those compounds included mono ... | 2010 | 20949945 |
| dieldrin-dissolving abilities of the xylem saps of several plant families, particularly cucurbita pepo l. | the uptake ability of hydrophobic organic chemicals by plants and the nature of xylem sap of the plants were studied. the plants were grown in soil contaminated with dieldrin. high amounts of dieldrin were detected in the shoots of cucurbita pepo and cucumis sativus, but little was seen in the shoots of brassica oleracea var. italica, solanum lycopersicum, glycine max, zea mays, and helianthus annuus. the xylem saps of c. pepo and c. sativus leached dieldrin adsorbed on c8 granules, but those of ... | 2010 | 20872691 |
| heterosis for superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase enzymes in the head of single cross-hybrids of cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata). | | 2010 | 20861573 |
| plant nutrient supply determines competition between phytophagous insects. | indirect competition is often mediated by plant responses to herbivore feeding damage and is common among phytophagous insect species. plant-mediated responses may be altered by abiotic conditions such as nutrient supply, which can affect plant growth, morphology, and the concentration of primary and secondary metabolites. nutrient supply can be manipulated by the type and amount of fertilizer applied to a plant. brassica oleracea plants were grown in several types of fertilizer, including those ... | 2011 | 20843847 |
| cascading diversity effects transmitted exclusively by behavioral interactions. | consumer diversity generally increases resource consumption. consumers can also impact other species by altering their behavior, but it is unclear how such nonconsumptive effects scale with diversity. we independently manipulated predator species richness and the consumptive and nonconsumptive effects of predator communities to measure the role of each factor in protecting brassica oleracea plants from caterpillar herbivory. plant biomass was greatest when diverse predator assemblages induced an ... | 2010 | 20836446 |
| glucosinolates profile of "mugnolo", a variety of brassica oleracea l. native to southern italy (salento). | glucosinolates (glss) from a variety of brassica oleracea, known locally as "mugnolo" and widely distributed in southern italy, were studied. it was found that "mugnolo" inflorescences are characterized by the presence of the aliphatic glss glucoraphanin (1.79 µmol/g), glucoiberin, glucoerucin, and sinigrin, of the aromatic glss glucobarberin (0.56 µmol/g) and gluconasturtin, and of the indole glss glucobrassicin (3.51 µmol/g), neoglucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and 4-hydroxyglucobrassi ... | 2011 | 20824605 |