Publications

the relative importance of rapid evolution for plant-microbe interactions depends on ecological context.	evolution can occur on ecological time-scales, affecting community and ecosystem processes. however, the importance of evolutionary change relative to ecological processes remains largely unknown. here, we analyse data from a long-term experiment in which we allowed plant populations to evolve for three generations in dry or wet soils and used a reciprocal transplant to compare the ecological effect of drought and the effect of plant evolutionary responses to drought on soil microbial communitie ...	2014	24789894
a simple and versatile 2-dimensional platform to study plant germination and growth under controlled humidity.	we describe a simple, inexpensive, but remarkably versatile and controlled growth environment for the observation of plant germination and seedling root growth on a flat, horizontal surface over periods of weeks. the setup provides to each plant a controlled humidity (between 56% and 91% rh), and contact with both nutrients and atmosphere. the flat and horizontal geometry of the surface supporting the roots eliminates the gravitropic bias on their development and facilitates the imaging of the e ...	2014	24806462
pol iv-dependent sirna production is reduced in brassica rapa.	plants produce a diverse array of small rna molecules capable of gene regulation, including pol iv-dependent short interfering (p4-si)rnas that trigger transcriptional gene silencing. small rna transcriptomes are available for many plant species, but mutations affecting the synthesis of pol iv-dependent sirnas are characterized only in arabidopsis and maize, leading to assumptions regarding nature of p4-sirnas in all other species. we have identified a mutation in the largest subunit of pol iv, ...	2013	24833221
carbaryl toxicity prediction to soil organisms under high and low temperature regimes.	many studies on risk assessment of pesticides on non-target organisms have been performed based on standardized protocols that reflect conditions in temperate climates. however, the responses of organisms to chemical compounds may differ according to latitude and thus predicting the toxicity of chemicals at different temperatures is an important factor to consider in risk assessment. the toxic effects of the pesticide carbaryl were evaluated at different temperature regimes, which are indicative ...	2015	24836932
draft sequences of the radish (raphanus sativus l.) genome.	radish (raphanus sativus l., n = 9) is one of the major vegetables in asia. since the genomes of brassica and related species including radish underwent genome rearrangement, it is quite difficult to perform functional analysis based on the reported genomic sequence of brassica rapa. therefore, we performed genome sequencing of radish. short reads of genomic sequences of 191.1 gb were obtained by next-generation sequencing (ngs) for a radish inbred line, and 76,592 scaffolds of ≥ 300 bp were con ...	2014	24848699
temporal variation in phenotypic gender and expected functional gender within and among individuals in an annual plant.	adaptive explanations for variation in sex allocation centre on variation in resource status and variation in the mating environment. the latter can occur when dichogamy causes siring opportunity to vary across the flowering season. in this study, it is hypothesized that the widespread tendency towards declining fruit-set from first to last flowers on plants can similarly lead to a varying mating environment by causing a temporal shift in the quality (not quantity) of siring opportunities.	2014	24854170
variation of glucosinolate accumulation and gene expression of transcription factors at different stages of chinese cabbage seedlings under light and dark conditions.	chinese cabbage is one of the most important leafy vegetables widely used in east asian cuisines. the glucosinolate (gsl) accumulation and transcript levels of 7 transcription factors (dof1.1, iqd1-1, myb28, myb29, myb34, myb51, and myb122, and their isoforms) involved in the biosynthesis of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates (gsls) were analyzed at different stages of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) seedlings under light and dark conditions using high performance liquid chroma ...	2014	24868877
consequences of whole-genome triplication as revealed by comparative genomic analyses of the wild radish raphanus raphanistrum and three other brassicaceae species.	polyploidization events are frequent among flowering plants, and the duplicate genes produced via such events contribute significantly to plant evolution. we sequenced the genome of wild radish (raphanus raphanistrum), a brassicaceae species that experienced a whole-genome triplication event prior to diverging from brassica rapa. despite substantial gene gains in these two species compared with arabidopsis thaliana and arabidopsis lyrata, ∼70% of the orthologous groups experienced gene losses in ...	2014	24876251
newly synthesized 'hidabeni' chalcone derivatives potently suppress lps-induced no production via inhibition of stat1, but not nf-κb, jnk, and p38, pathways in microglia.	chalcones are open-chain flavonoids that are biosynthesized in various plants. some of them possess anti-inflammatory activity. we previously found that chalcone glycosides from brassica rapa l. 'hidabeni' suppress lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced nitric oxide (no) production in rat microglia highly aggressively proliferating immortalized (hapi) cells. in this study, to explore chalcone derivatives with potent no inhibitory activity, we synthesized ten compounds based on 'hidabeni' chalcone and ...	2014	24882415
functional identification of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of 1-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethyl-glucosinolate in brassica rapa ssp. chinensis.	brassica vegetables contain a class of secondary metabolites, the glucosinolates (gs), whose specific degradation products determine the characteristic flavor and smell. while some of the respective degradation products of particular gs are recognized as health promoting substances for humans, recent studies also show evidence that namely the 1-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethyl gs might be deleterious by forming characteristic dna adducts. therefore, a deeper knowledge of aspects involved in the biosynth ...	2014	24886080
cotyledon-generated auxin is required for shade-induced hypocotyl growth in brassica rapa.	plant architecture is optimized for the local light environment. in response to foliar shade or neighbor proximity (low red to far-red light), some plant species exhibit shade-avoiding phenotypes, including increased stem and hypocotyl growth, which increases the likelihood of outgrowing competitor plants. if shade persists, early flowering and the reallocation of growth resources to stem elongation ultimately affect the yield of harvestable tissues in crop species. previous studies have shown t ...	2014	24891610
anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in brassica rapa.	anthocyanins are a group of flavonoid compounds. as a group of important secondary metabolites, they perform several key biological functions in plants. anthocyanins also play beneficial health roles as potentially protective factors against cancer and heart disease. to elucidate the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in brassica rapa, we conducted comparative genomic analyses between arabidopsis thaliana and b. rapa on a genome-wide level.	2014	24893600
fine mapping of a dominant thermo-sensitive genic male sterility gene (bntsms) in rapeseed (brassica napus) with aflp- and brassica rapa-derived pcr markers.	a new thermo-sensitive dominant genic male sterility (tsdgms) line of brassica napus was found and mapped in this paper. our result will greatly accelerate the map-based cloning of the bntsms gene. te5a is a thermo-sensitive dominant genic male sterility line originating from spontaneous mutation of the inbred line te5 in brassica napus and provides a promising system for the development of hybrid cultivars. genetic analysis has revealed that the bntsms mutant is controlled by a single, dominant ...	2014	24913363
chemical composition, aroma evaluation, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity of volatile oil extracted from brassica rapa cv. "yukina" used in japanese traditional food.	the chemical composition of the volatile oil extracted from the aerial parts of brassica rapa cv. "yukina" was analyzed using gc-ms, gc-pfpd, and gc-o. a total of 50 compounds were identified. the most prominent constituents were (e)-1,5-heptadiene (40.27%), 3-methyl-3-butenenitrile (25.97%) and 3-phenylpropanenitrile (12.41%). with regard to aroma compounds, 12 compounds were identified by gc-o analysis. the main aroma-active compounds were dimethyl tetrasulfide (sulphury-cabbage, fd = 64), 3-p ...	2014	24919480
tc1-like transposable elements in plant genomes.	the tc1/mariner superfamily of transposable elements (tes) is widespread in animal genomes. mariner-like elements, which bear a ddd triad catalytic motif, have been identified in a wide range of flowering plant species. however, as the founding member of the superfamily, tc1-like elements that bear a dd34e triad catalytic motif are only known to unikonts (animals, fungi, and entamoeba).	2014	24926322
mapping of quantitative trait loci for the bolting trait in brassica rapa under vernalizing conditions.	premature bolting can occur occasionally during spring cultivation of heading chinese cabbage in east asia when the plants encounter low temperatures (vernalization), leading to economic loss. breeding bolting-resistant cultivars is the best choice for solving this problem. we looked for qtls responsible for varietal differences in the bolting trait in brassica rapa under environmental conditions that promote vernalization. to achieve this goal, we constructed a linkage map with 107 simple seque ...	2014	24938603
brassicated - a public database for utilization of miniature transposable elements in brassica species.	mite, trim and sines are miniature form transposable elements (mtes) that are ubiquitous and dispersed throughout entire plant genomes. tens of thousands of members cause insertion polymorphism at both the inter- and intra- species level. therefore, mtes are valuable targets and resources for development of markers that can be utilized for breeding, genetic diversity and genome evolution studies. taking advantage of the completely sequenced genomes of brassica rapa and b. oleracea, characterizat ...	2014	24948109
compared with the intake of commercial vegetable juice, the intake of fresh fruit and komatsuna (brassica rapa l. var. perviridis) juice mixture reduces serum cholesterol in middle-aged men: a randomized controlled pilot study.	vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals and, dietary fiber and contribute to the prevention and improvement of obesity and metabolic syndrome. however, inadequate intake of vegetable and fruit is a concern in japan.we therefore produced a juice mixture of fresh fruit and komatsuna (brassica rapa l. var. perviridis: b. rapa) with the aim to investigate the effects of this juice mixture on anthropometric data, blood parameters, and dietary intake differences.	2014	24961537
genome-wide identification and characterization of aquaporin genes (aqps) in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis).	aquaporins (aqps) are members of a superfamily of integral membrane proteins and play a significant role in the transportation of small molecules across membranes. however, currently little is known about the aqp genes in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). in this study, a genome-wide analysis was carried out to identify the aqp genes in chinese cabbage. in total, 53 non-redundant aqp genes were identified that were located on all of the 10 chromosomes. the number of aqp genes in c ...	2014	24972664
intergenomic single nucleotide polymorphisms as a tool for bacterial artificial chromosome contig building of homoeologous brassica napus regions.	homoeologous sequences pose a particular challenge if bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) contigs shall be established for specific regions of an allopolyploid genome. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) differentiating between homoeologous genomes (intergenomic snps) may represent a suitable screening tool for such purposes, since they do not only identify homoeologous sequences but also differentiate between them.	2014	24996518
speciation of vanadium in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.) and soils in response to different levels of vanadium in soils and cabbage growth.	this study highlights the accumulation and speciation of vanadium in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.) in relation to the speciation of soil vanadium with pot experiments at 122-622mgvkg(-1) by spiking nh4vo3. cabbage planting decreased the bioavailable and residual vanadium based on sequential extraction, leading to enrichment of oxalate-extractable vanadium in soils. the biomass production increased with increasing concentrations of soil vanadium from 122 to 372mgvkg(-1), probably due to the ...	2014	24997904
high-throughput sequence analysis of small rnas in skotomorphogenic seedlings of brassica rapa ssp. rapa.	skotomorphogenic development is the process by which seedlings adapt to a stressful dark environment. such metabolic responses to abiotic stresses in plants are known to be regulated in part by micrornas (mirnas); however, little is known about the involvement of mirnas in the regulation of skotomorphogenesis. to identify mirnas at the genome-wide level in skotomorphogenic seedlings of turnip (brassica rapa subsp. rapa), an important worldwide root vegetable, we used solexa sequencing to sequenc ...	2014	25016069
the splicing fate of plant spo11 genes.	toward the global understanding of plant meiosis, it seems to be essential to decipher why all as yet sequenced plants need or at least encode for two different meiotic spo11 genes. this is in contrast to mammals and fungi, where only one spo11 is present. both spo11 in arabidopsis thaliana are essential for the initiation of double strand breaks (dsbs) during the meiotic prophase. in nearly all eukaryotic organisms dsb induction during prophase i by spo11 leads to meiotic dsb repair, thereby en ...	2014	25018755
polyphyletic origin of brassica juncea with b. rapa and b. nigra (brassicaceae) participating as cytoplasm donor parents in independent hybridization events.	• premise of the study: brassica juncea is a major source of edible oil in the indian subcontinent and northern china. it is also used as a root and leaf vegetable in china and as a condiment in europe and america. there is a long-standing view that b. juncea originated from multiple hybridization events between b. rapa and b. nigra and that hybridizations were always unidirectional with b. rapa as the cytoplasmic donor. these conclusions were, however, centered primarily on nuclear markers.• me ...	2014	25030348
functional innovations of three chronological mesohexaploid brassica rapa genomes.	the brassicaceae family is an exemplary model for studying plant polyploidy. the brassicaceae knowledge-base includes the well-annotated arabidopsis thaliana reference sequence; well-established evidence for three rounds of whole genome duplication (wgd); and the conservation of genomic structure, with 24 conserved genomic blocks (gbs). the recently released brassica rapa draft genome provides an ideal opportunity to update our knowledge of the conserved genomic structures in brassica, and to st ...	2014	25033750
effect of enzyme-aided cell wall disintegration on protein extractability from intact and dehulled rapeseed (brassica rapa l. and brassica napus l.) press cakes.	cell-wall- and pectin-degrading enzyme preparations were used to enhance extractability of proteins from rapeseed press cake. rapeseed press cakes from cold pressing of intact brassica rapa and partially dehulled brassica napus seeds, containing 36-40% protein and 35% carbohydrates, were treated with pectinolytic (pectinex ultra sp-l), xylanolytic (depol 740l), and cellulolytic (celluclast 1.5l) enzyme preparations. pectinex caused effective disintegration of embryonic cell walls through hydroly ...	2014	25039585
quantitative trait loci for thermal time to flowering and photoperiod responsiveness discovered in summer annual-type brassica napus l.	time of flowering is a key adaptive trait in plants and is conditioned by the interaction of genes and environmental cues including length of photoperiod, ambient temperature and vernalisation. here we investigated the photoperiod responsiveness of summer annual-types of brassica napus (rapeseed, canola). a population of 131 doubled haploid lines derived from a cross between european and australian parents was evaluated for days to flowering, thermal time to flowering (measured in degree-days) a ...	2014	25061822
transcriptome analysis of newly classified bzip transcription factors of brassica rapa in cold stress response.	plant bzip transcription factors play crucial roles in biological processes. in this study, 136 putative bzip transcription members were identified in brassica rapa. the bzip family can be divided into nine groups according to the specific amino acid rich domain in b. rapa and arabidopsis thaliana. to screen the cold stress responsive brbzip genes, we evaluated whether the transcription patterns of the brbzip genes were enhanced by cold treatment in the inbred lines, chiifu and kenshin, by micro ...	2014	25075938
genetical and comparative genomics of brassica under altered ca supply identifies arabidopsis ca-transporter orthologs.	although ca transport in plants is highly complex, the overexpression of vacuolar ca(2+) transporters in crops is a promising new technology to improve dietary ca supplies through biofortification. here, we sought to identify novel targets for increasing plant ca accumulation using genetical and comparative genomics. expression quantitative trait locus (eqtl) mapping to 1895 cis- and 8015 trans-loci were identified in shoots of an inbred mapping population of brassica rapa (imb211 × r500); 23 ci ...	2014	25082855
identification and characterization of lim gene family in brassica rapa.	lim (lin-11, isl-1 and mec-3 domains) genes have been reported to trigger the formation of actin bundles, a major higher-order cytoskeletal assembly, in higher plants; however, the stress resistance related functions of these genes are still not well known. in this study, we collected 22 lim genes designated as brassica rapa lim (brlim) from the brassica database, analyzed the sequences, compared them with lim genes of other plants and analyzed their expression after applying biotic and abiotic ...	2014	25086651
characterization of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr) genes and their association with cold and freezing stress in brassica rapa.	flavonoids including anthocyanins provide flower and leaf colors, as well as other derivatives that play diverse roles in plant development and interactions with the environment. dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr) is part of an important step in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins. this study characterized 12 dfr genes of brassica rapa and investigated their association with anthocyanin coloration, as well as cold and freezing stress in several genotypes of b. rapa. comparison of s ...	2014	25108127
polymorphism identification and improved genome annotation of brassica rapa through deep rna sequencing.	the mapping and functional analysis of quantitative traits in brassica rapa can be greatly improved with the availability of physically positioned, gene-based genetic markers and accurate genome annotation. in this study, deep transcriptome rna sequencing (rna-seq) of brassica rapa was undertaken with two objectives: snp detection and improved transcriptome annotation. we performed snp detection on two varieties that are parents of a mapping population to aid in development of a marker system fo ...	2014	25122667
a novel single-nucleotide mutation in a clavata3 gene homolog controls a multilocular silique trait in brassica rapa l.		2014	25122699
promoting effects of a single rhodopseudomonas palustris inoculant on plant growth by brassica rapa chinensis under low fertilizer input.	several rhodopseudomonas palustris strains have been isolated from rice paddy fields in taiwan by combining the winogradsky column method and molecular marker detection. these isolates were initially screened by employing seed germination and seedling vigor assays to evaluate their potential as inoculants. to fulfill the demand in the present farming system for reducing the application of chemical fertilizers, we assessed the plant growth-promoting effects of the r. palustris ysc3, ysc4, and ps3 ...	2014	25130882
identification and characterization of micrornas in oilseed rape (brassica napus) responsive to infection with the pathogenic fungus verticillium longisporum using brassica aa (brassica rapa) and cc (brassica oleracea) as reference genomes.	verticillium longisporum, a soil-borne pathogenic fungus, causes vascular disease in oilseed rape (brassica napus). we proposed that plant micrornas (mirnas) are involved in the plant-v. longisporum interaction. to identify oilseed rape mirnas, we deep-sequenced two small rna libraries made from v. longisporum infected/noninfected roots and employed brassica rapa and brassica oleracea genomes as references for mirna prediction and characterization. we identified 893 b. napus mirnas representing ...	2014	25132374
a high-throughput snp array in the amphidiploid species brassica napus shows diversity in resistance genes.	single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps)are molecular markers based on nucleotide variation and can be used for genotyping assays across populations and to track genomic inheritance. snps offer a comprehensive genotyping alternative to whole-genome sequencing for both agricultural and research purposes including molecular breeding and diagnostics, genome evolution and genetic diversity analyses, genetic mapping, and trait association studies. here genomic snps were discovered between four cultivar ...	2014	25147024
identification and expression analysis of wrky family genes under biotic and abiotic stresses in brassica rapa.	wrky proteins constitute one of the largest transcription factor families in higher plants, and they are involved in multiple biological processes such as plant development, metabolism, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. genes of this family have been well documented in response to many abiotic and biotic stresses in many plant species, but not yet against pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans in any of the plants. moreover, potentiali ...	2015	25149146
de novo assembly and characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of radish (raphanus sativus l.).	radish (raphanus sativus l.) is an edible root vegetable crop that is cultivated worldwide and whose genome has been sequenced. here we report the complete nucleotide sequence of the radish cultivar wk10039 chloroplast (cp) genome, along with a de novo assembly strategy using whole genome shotgun sequence reads obtained by next generation sequencing. the radish cp genome is 153,368 bp in length and has a typical quadripartite structure, composed of a pair of inverted repeat regions (26,217 bp ea ...	2014	25151309
genome-wide transcriptome analysis of two contrasting brassica rapa doubled haploid lines under cold-stresses using br135k oligomeric chip.	genome wide transcription analysis in response to stresses is important to provide a basis of effective engineering strategies to improve stress tolerance in crop plants. we assembled a brassica rapa oligomeric microarray (br135k microarray) using sequence information from 41,173 unigenes and analyzed the transcription profiles of two contrasting doubled haploid (dh) lines, chiifu and kenshin, under cold-treatments. the two dh lines showed great differences in electrolyte leakage below -4°c, but ...	2014	25167163
effects of foliage color on the landing response of pieris rapae (lepidoptera: pieridae).	the effects of foliage color on the selection of host plants by pieris rapae (l.) were investigated using choice tests between brassica rapa (l.) varieties with green, variegated, and yellow-green leaves. gravid-naive females displayed a first landing preference for the green and variegated brassica varieties when the plants were freely accessible. comparable results were observed when the plants were enclosed in glass jars, demonstrating that visual cues were sufficient to induce the landing re ...	2014	25182617
beyond punnett squares: student word association and explanations of phenotypic variation through an integrative quantitative genetics unit investigating anthocyanin inheritance and expression in brassica rapa fast plants.	genetics instruction in introductory biology is often confined to mendelian genetics and avoids the complexities of variation in quantitative traits. given the driving question "what determines variation in phenotype (pv)? (pv=genotypic variation gv + environmental variation ev)," we developed a 4-wk unit for an inquiry-based laboratory course focused on the inheritance and expression of a quantitative trait in varying environments. we utilized brassica rapa fast plants as a model organism to st ...	2014	25185225
reduction of epsp synthase in transgenic wild turnip (brassica rapa) weed via suppression of aroa.	epsps is coded with the aroa gene, a key enzyme that catalyzes the penultimate step of shikimate pathway. the current study focuses on the suppression of aroa gene in weedy brassica rapa. for this purpose b. rapa was transformed with double-stranded rna interference construct designed to silence aroa gene. this developed in a significant decline in epsps (about 72 %) in t0 and t1 plants. in order to study the gene flow, the b. rapa control and b. napus plants were pollinated with t0 b. rapa. res ...	2014	25189653
advanced treatment of swine wastewater using an agent synthesized from amorphous silica and hydrated lime.	advanced treatment using an agent synthesized from amorphous silica and hydrated lime (m-csh-lime) was developed and applied to swine wastewater treatment. biologically treated wastewater and m-csh-lime (approximately 6 w/v% slurry) were fed continuously into a column-shaped reactor from its bottom. accumulated m-csh-lime gradually formed a bed layer. the influent permeated this layer and contacted the m-csh-lime, and the treatment reaction progressed. treated liquid overflowing from the top of ...	2014	25189846
evolution, expression differentiation and interaction specificity of heterotrimeric g-protein subunit gene family in the mesohexaploid brassica rapa.	heterotrimeric g-proteins, comprising of gα, gβ, and gγ subunits, are important signal transducers which regulate many aspects of fundamental growth and developmental processes in all eukaryotes. initial studies in model plants arabidopsis and rice suggest that the repertoire of plant g-protein is much simpler than that observed in metazoans. in order to assess the consequence of whole genome triplication events within brassicaceae family, we investigated the multiplicity of g-protein subunit ge ...	2014	25191920
deep rna-seq to unlock the gene bank of floral development in sinapis arvensis.	sinapis arvensis is a weed with strong biological activity. despite being a problematic annual weed that contaminates agricultural crop yield, it is a valuable alien germplasm resource. it can be utilized for broadening the genetic background of brassica crops with desirable agricultural traits like resistance to blackleg (leptosphaeria maculans), stem rot (sclerotinia sclerotium) and pod shatter (caused by fruitfull gene). however, few genetic studies of s. arvensis were reported because of the ...	2014	25192023
very-high-resolution time-lapse photography for plant and ecosystems research.		2013	25202588
tetralocular ovary and high silique width in yellow sarson lines of brassica rapa (subspecies trilocularis) are due to a mutation in bra034340 gene, a homologue of clavata3 in arabidopsis.	genetic locus for tetralocular ovary (tet-o) in brassica rapa was identified and it was shown that the number of locules and width of silique are associated. brassica rapa is a highly polymorphic species containing many vegetables and oleiferous types. an interesting group of oleiferous types is the yellow sarson group (subspecies trilocularis) grown mostly in eastern india. this group contains lines that have bilocular ovaries, a defining trait of brassicaceae, but also lines that have tetraloc ...	2014	25205130
analysis of global gene expression profiles to identify differentially expressed genes critical for embryo development in brassica rapa.	embryo development represents a crucial developmental period in the life cycle of flowering plants. to gain insights into the genetic programs that control embryo development in brassica rapa l., rna sequencing technology was used to perform transcriptome profiling analysis of b. rapa developing embryos. the results generated 42,906,229 sequence reads aligned with 32,941 genes. in total, 27,760, 28,871, 28,384, and 25,653 genes were identified from embryos at globular, heart, early cotyledon, an ...	2014	25214014
genome-wide analysis of the mads-box gene family in brassica rapa (chinese cabbage).	the mads-box gene family is an ancient and well-studied transcription factor family that functions in almost every developmental process in plants. there are a number of reports about the mads-box family in different plant species, but systematic analysis of the mads-box transcription factor family in brassica rapa (chinese cabbage) is still lacking. in this study, 160 mads-box transcription factors were identified from the entire chinese cabbage genome and compared with the mads-box factors fro ...	2015	25216934
regulatory network of secondary metabolism in brassica rapa: insight into the glucosinolate pathway.	brassica rapa studies towards metabolic variation have largely been focused on the profiling of the diversity of metabolic compounds in specific crop types or regional varieties, but none aimed to identify genes with regulatory function in metabolite composition. here we followed a genetical genomics approach to identify regulatory genes for six biosynthetic pathways of health-related phytochemicals, i.e carotenoids, tocopherols, folates, glucosinolates, flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. leaves f ...	2014	25222144
genome-wide identification and analysis of the growth-regulating factor family in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis).	growth regulating factors (grfs) have been shown to play important roles in plant growth and development. grf genes represent a large multigene family in plants. recently, genome-wide structural and evolutionary analyses of the grf gene families in arabidopsis, rice, and maize have been reported. chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) is one of the most important vegetables for agricultural production, and a full genome assembly for this plant has recently been released. however, to ...	2014	25242257
genetic control of immunity to turnip mosaic virus (tumv) pathotype 1 in brassica rapa (chinese cabbage).	turnip mosaic virus (tumv) is the major virus infecting crops of the genus brassica worldwide. a dominant resistance gene, turb01b, that confers immunity to the virus isolate uk 1 (a representative pathotype 1 isolate of tumv) on brassica rapa was identified in the chinese cabbage cultivar tropical delight. the turb01b locus was mapped to a 2.9-cm interval on b. rapa chromosome 6 (a6) that was flanked by rflp markers pn101e1 and pw137e1. this mapping used a first backcross (b(1)) population segr ...	2014	25275757
brmyb4, a suppressor of genes for phenylpropanoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis, is down-regulated by uv-b but not by pigment-inducing sunlight in turnip cv. tsuda.	the regulation of light-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis in brassica rapa subsp. rapa cv. tsuda turnip was investigated using an ethyl methanesulfonate (ems)-induced mutant r30 with light-independent pigmentation. tilling (targeting induced local lesions in genomes) and subsequent analysis showed that a stop codon was inserted in the r2r3-myb transcription factor gene brmyb4 and that the encoded protein (brmyb4mu) had lost its c-terminal region. in r30, anthocyanin accumulated in the below-gro ...	2014	25305244
braltp1, a lipid transfer protein gene involved in epicuticular wax deposition, cell proliferation and flower development in brassica napus.	plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) constitute large multigene families that possess complex physiological functions, many of which remain unclear. this study isolated and characterized the function of a lipid transfer protein gene, braltp1 from brassica rapa, in the important oilseed crops brassica napus. braltp1 encodes a predicted secretory protein, in the little known vi class of nsltp families. overexpression of bnaltp1 in b. napus caused abnormal green coloration and reduce ...	2014	25314222
genome-wide analysis of the expansin gene superfamily reveals brassica rapa-specific evolutionary dynamics upon whole genome triplication.	chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) is an economically important vegetable that has encountered four rounds of polyploidization. the fourth event, whole genome triplication (wgt), occurred after its divergence from arabidopsis. expansins (exps) are cell wall loosening proteins that participate in cell wall modification processes. in this study, the impacts of wgt on the b. rapa expansin (brexp) superfamily were evaluated. whole genome screening of b. rapa identified 32 loci coding ...	2015	25325993
the role of small rnas in wide hybridisation and allopolyploidisation between brassica rapa and brassica nigra.	an allopolyploid formation consists of the two processes of hybridisation and chromosome doubling. hybridisation makes a different genome combined in the same cell, and genome "shock" and instability occur during this process, whereas chromosome doubling results in doubling and reconstructing the genome dosage. recent studies have demonstrated that small rnas, play an important role in maintaining the genome reconstruction and stability. however, to date, little is known regarding the role of sm ...	2014	25326708
selenium inhibits root elongation by repressing the generation of endogenous hydrogen sulfide in brassica rapa.	selenium (se) has been becoming an emerging pollutant causing severe phytotoxicity, which the biochemical mechanism is rarely known. although hydrogen sulfide (h2s) has been suggested as an important exogenous regulator modulating plant physiological adaptions in response to heavy metal stress, whether and how the endogenous h2s regulates se-induce phytotoxicity remains unclear. in this work, a self-developed specific fluorescent probe (wsp-1) was applied to track endogenous h2s in situ in the r ...	2014	25333279
the endogenous nitric oxide mediates selenium-induced phytotoxicity by promoting ros generation in brassica rapa.	selenium (se) is suggested as an emerging pollutant in agricultural environment because of the increasing anthropogenic release of se, which in turn results in phytotoxicity. the most common consequence of se-induced toxicity in plants is oxidative injury, but how se induces reactive oxygen species (ros) burst remains unclear. in this work, histofluorescent staining was applied to monitor the dynamics of ros and nitric oxide (no) in the root of brassica rapa under se(iv) stress. se(iv)-induced f ...	2014	25333984
selection on soil microbiomes reveals reproducible impacts on plant function.	soil microorganisms found in the root zone impact plant growth and development, but the potential to harness these benefits is hampered by the sheer abundance and diversity of the players influencing desirable plant traits. here, we report a high level of reproducibility of soil microbiomes in altering plant flowering time and soil functions when partnered within and between plant hosts. we used a multi-generation experimental system using arabidopsis thaliana col to select for soil microbiomes ...	2015	25350154
multiple nuclear factor y transcription factors respond to abiotic stress in brassica napus l.	members of the plant nuclear factor y (nf-y) family are composed of the nf-ya, nf-yb, and nf-yc subunits. in brassica napus (canola), each of these subunits forms a multimember subfamily. plant nf-ys were reported to be involved in several abiotic stresses. in this study, we demonstrated that multiple members of thirty three bnnf-ys responded rapidly to salinity, drought, or aba treatments. transcripts of five bnnf-yas, seven bnnf-ybs, and two bnnf-ycs were up-regulated by salinity stress, where ...	2014	25356551
loss and retention of resistance genes in five species of the brassicaceae family.	plants have evolved disease resistance (r) genes encoding for nucleotide-binding site (nb) and leucine-rich repeat (lrr) proteins with n-terminals represented by either toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) or coiled-coil (cc) domains. here, a genome-wide study of presence and diversification of cc-nb-lrr and tir-nb-lrr encoding genes, and shorter domain combinations in 19 arabidopsis thaliana accessions and arabidopsis lyrata, capsella rubella, brassica rapa and eutrema salsugineum are presented.	2014	25365911
assessing the value of imperfect biocontainment nationally: rapeseed in the united kingdom as an exemplar.	paternal biocontainment methods (pbms) act by preventing pollen-mediated transgene flow. they are compromised by transgene escape via the crop-maternal line. we therefore assess the efficacy of pbms for transgenic rapeseed (brassica napus) biocontainment across the united kingdom by estimating crop-maternal hybridization with its two progenitor species. we used remote sensing, field surveys, agricultural statistics, and meta-analysis to determine the extent of sympatry between the crop and popul ...	2015	25367754
an alternative allosteric regulation mechanism of an acidophilic l-lactate dehydrogenase from enterococcus mundtii 15-1a.	a plant-derived enterococcus mundtii 15-1a, that has been previously isolated from brassica rapa l. subsp. nipposinica (l.h. bailey) hanelt var. linearifolia by our group, possesses two kinds of l-lactate dehydrogenase (l-ldh): ldh-1 and ldh-2. ldh-1 was activated under low concentration of fluctose-1,6-bisphosphate (fbp) at both ph 5.5 and 7.5. although ldh-2 was also activated under the low concentration of fbp at ph 5.5, a high concentration of fbp is necessary to activate it at ph 7.5. the p ...	2014	25379380
heat shock factors in carrot: genome-wide identification, classification, and expression profiles response to abiotic stress.	heat shock factors (hsfs) play key roles in the response to abiotic stress in eukaryotes. in this study, 35 dchsfs were identified from carrot (daucus carota l.) based on the carrot genome database. all 35 dchsfs were divided into three classes (a, b, and c) according to the structure and phylogenetic relationships of four different plants, namely, arabidopsis thaliana, vitis vinifera, brassica rapa, and oryza sativa. comparative analysis of algae, gymnosperms, and angiosperms indicated that the ...	2015	25403331
construction of a reference genetic map of raphanus sativus based on genotyping by whole-genome resequencing.	this manuscript provides a genetic map of raphanus sativus that has been used as a reference genetic map for an ongoing genome sequencing project. the map was constructed based on genotyping by whole-genome resequencing of mapping parents and f 2 population. raphanus sativus is an annual vegetable crop species of the brassicaceae family and is one of the key plants in the seed industry, especially in east asia. assessment of the r. sativus genome provides fundamental resources for crop improveme ...	2015	25403353
brassica rapa.	within this chapter we outline an a. tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for b. rapa using 4-day-old cotyledonary explants and the genotype r-o-18. transformation efficiencies are typically achieved in the region of 1% (based on 2 pcr-positive independent shoots from 200 inoculated explants). this system has been developed to work with gentamicin selection.	2015	25416244
anthocyanin accumulation and transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple bok choy (brassica rapa var. chinensis).	bok choy (brassica rapa var. chinensis) is an important dietary vegetable cultivated and consumed worldwide for its edible leaves. the purple cultivars rich in health-promoting anthocyanins are usually more eye-catching and valuable. fifteen kinds of anthocyanins were separated and identified from a purple bok choy cultivar (zi he) by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulatio ...	2014	25419600
gene expression and genetic analysis reveal diverse causes of recessive self-compatibility in brassica napus l.	brassica napus (aacc) is self-compatible, although its ancestor species brassica rapa (aa) and brassica oleracea (cc) are self-incompatible. most b.napus accessions have dominant self-compatibility (sc) resulting from an insertion of 3.6 kb in the promoter region of bnscr-1 on the a genome, while recessive sc in b.napus has rarely been observed. expression and cloning of srk and scr genes and genetic analysis were carried out to dissect bases of recessive sc in b.napus.	2014	25432521
nmr metabolomics of ripened and developing oilseed rape (brassica napus) and turnip rape (brassica rapa).	the oilseeds of the commercially important oilseed rape (brassica napus) and turnip rape (brassica rapa) were investigated with (1)h nmr metabolomics. the compositions of ripened (cultivated in field trials) and developing seeds (cultivated in controlled conditions) were compared in multivariate models using principal component analysis (pca), partial least squares discriminant analysis (pls-da), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (opls-da). differences in the major lipid ...	2015	25442524
identification and expression analysis of cold and freezing stress responsive genes of brassica oleracea.	cold and freezing stress is a major environmental constraint to the production of brassica crops. enhancement of tolerance by exploiting cold and freezing tolerance related genes offers the most efficient approach to address this problem. cold-induced transcriptional profiling is a promising approach to the identification of potential genes related to cold and freezing stress tolerance. in this study, 99 highly expressed genes were identified from a whole genome microarray dataset of brassica ra ...	2015	25445291
seed bank dynamics govern persistence of brassica hybrids in crop and natural habitats.	gene flow from crops to their wild relatives has the potential to alter population growth rates and demography of hybrid populations, especially when a new crop has been genetically modified (gm). this study introduces a comprehensive approach to assess this potential for altered population fitness, and uses a combination of demographic data in two habitat types and mathematical (matrix) models that include crop rotations and outcrossing between parental species.	2015	25452253
selenium, putrescine, and cadmium influence health-promoting phytochemicals and molecular-level effects on turnip (brassica rapa ssp. rapa).	the effects of selenium, putrescine, and cadmium on the contents of glucosinolates, total phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, chlorophyll, anthocyanin, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and antioxidant capacities as well as gene regulation of phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and glucosinolates biosynthesis were investigated in turnip plants. selenium dioxide (seo2) treatment significantly induced the amount of gluconasturtiin, glucobrassicanapin, glucoallysin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxygluco ...	2015	25466011
physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional effects of biologically-synthesized silver nanoparticles in turnip (brassica rapa ssp. rapa l.).	silver nanoparticles (agnps) use has been increased in recent years, which has potentially antagonistic effects on living organisms, including microbes, human, and plants. the physiological and molecular responses of agnps have been reported for several plants; however, the detailed mechanism of action of agnps is not known in turnip. accordingly, the aim of this study was determined to evaluate the impact of agnps exposure in turnip seedlings at concentrations up to 10.0 mg/l. the frequency of ...	2015	25471476
morphology, carbohydrate composition and vernalization response in a genetically diverse collection of asian and european turnips (brassica rapa subsp. rapa).	brassica rapa displays enormous morphological diversity, with leafy vegetables, turnips and oil crops. turnips (brassica rapa subsp. rapa) represent one of the morphotypes, which form tubers and can be used to study the genetics underlying storage organ formation. in the present study we investigated several characteristics of an extensive turnip collection comprising 56 accessions from both asia (mainly japanese origin) and europe. population structure was calculated using data from 280 evenly ...	2014	25474111
bees use honest floral signals as indicators of reward when visiting flowers.	pollinators visit flowers for rewards and should therefore have a preference for floral signals that indicate reward status, so called 'honest signals'. we investigated honest signalling in brassica rapa l. and its relevance for the attraction of a generalised pollinator, the bumble bee bombus terrestris (l.). we found a positive association between reward amount (nectar sugar and pollen) and the floral scent compound phenylacetaldehyde. bumble bees developed a preference for phenylacetaldehyde ...	2015	25491788
priming with a double-stranded dna virus alters brassica rapa seed architecture and facilitates a defense response.	abiotic and biotic stresses alter genome stability and physiology of plants. under some stressful situations, a state of stress tolerance can be passed on to the offspring rendering them more suitable to stressful events than their parents. in plants, the exploration of transgenerational response has remained exclusive to model species, such as arabidopsis thaliana. here, we expand transgenerational research to include brassica rapa, a close relative to economically important plant canola (brass ...	2015	25498335
identification of sequence-related amplified polymorphism and insertion-deletion markers linked to the male fertility restorer gene of pol-like cms06j45 in heading chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp pekinensis).	in order to map the restorer gene brrfp of the polima (pol)-like cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) 06j45 line in heading chinese cabbage, an f2 segregating population with 258 individuals of cms06j45 and the restorer line 01s325 were tested by sequence-related amplified polymorphism (srap) and insertion-deletion (indel) technologies combined with the bulked segregant analysis method. as a result, two srap markers, me3em3.366 and pm88bg5.263, that were linked with the brrfp gene were identified fr ...	2014	25501170
anthocyanin biosynthesis for cold and freezing stress tolerance and desirable color in brassica rapa.	flavonoids are divided into several structural classes, including anthocyanins, which provide flower and leaf colors and other derivatives that play diverse roles in plant development and interactions with the environment. this study characterized four anthocyanidin synthase (ans) genes of brassica rapa, a structural gene of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, and investigated their association with pigment formation, cold and freezing tolerance in b. rapa. sequences of these genes were analyz ...	2015	25504198
antioxidant response and carboxylate metabolism in brassica rapa exposed to different external zn, ca, and mg supply.	zinc (zn), calcium (ca), and magnesium (mg) malnutrition are common deficiencies in many developed and developing countries, resulting in a widespread health problem. biofortification of food crops is an agricultural strategy that can be used to increase the levels of these elements in the edible portions of crops. deficiency or toxicity of these cations in soils reduces plant growth, crop yield, and the quality of plant foodstuff. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of external ...	2015	25544655
patterns of evolutionary conservation of ascorbic acid-related genes following whole-genome triplication in brassica rapa.	ascorbic acid (asa) is an important antioxidant in plants and an essential vitamin for humans. extending the study of asa-related genes from arabidopsis thaliana to brassica rapa could shed light on the evolution of asa in plants and inform crop breeding. in this study, we conducted whole-genome annotation, molecular-evolution and gene-expression analyses of all known asa-related genes in b. rapa. the nucleobase-ascorbate transporter (nat) gene family and asa l-galactose pathway genes were also ...	2014	25552535
yeast cell wall extract induces disease resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens in arabidopsis thaliana and brassica crop.	housaku monogatari (hm) is a plant activator prepared from a yeast cell wall extract. we examined the efficacy of hm application and observed that hm treatment increased the resistance of arabidopsis thaliana and brassica rapa leaves to bacterial and fungal infections. hm reduced the severity of bacterial leaf spot and anthracnose on a. thaliana and brassica crop leaves with protective effects. in addition, gene expression analysis of a. thaliana plants after treatment with hm indicated increase ...	2015	25565273
climate change alters reproductive isolation and potential gene flow in an annual plant.	climate change will likely cause evolution due not only to selection but also to changes in reproductive isolation within and among populations. we examined the effects of a natural drought on the timing of flowering in two populations of brassica rapa and the consequences for predicted reproductive isolation and potential gene flow. seeds were collected before and after a 5-year drought in southern california from two populations varying in soil moisture. lines derived from these seeds were rai ...	2009	25567893
genome-wide analysis of the r2r3-myb transcription factor genes in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) reveals their stress and hormone responsive patterns.	the myb superfamily is one of the most abundant transcription factor (tf) families in plants. myb proteins include highly conserved n-terminal myb repeats (1r, r2r3, 3r, and atypical) and various c-terminal sequences that confer extensive functions. however, the functions of most myb genes are unknown, and have been little studied in chinese cabbage.	2015	25613160
characterization and stress-induced expression analysis of alfin-like transcription factors in brassica rapa.	the alfin-like (al) transcription factors (tfs) family is involved in many developmental processes, including the growth and development of roots, root hair elongation, meristem development, etc. however, stress resistance-related function and the regulatory mechanism of these tfs have yet to be elucidated. this study identified 15 brassica rapa al (bral) tfs from brad database, analyzed the sequences and profiled their expression first time in response to fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans ...	2015	25618423
digital gene expression analysis of gene expression differences within brassica diploids and allopolyploids.	brassica includes many successfully cultivated crop species of polyploid origin, either by ancestral genome triplication or by hybridization between two diploid progenitors, displaying complex repetitive sequences and transposons. the u's triangle, which consists of three diploids and three amphidiploids, is optimal for the analysis of complicated genomes after polyploidization. next-generation sequencing enables the transcriptome profiling of polyploids on a global scale.	2015	25623840
identification of yellow pigmentation genes in brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis using br300 microarray.	the yellow color of inner leaves in chinese cabbage depends on its lutein and carotene content. to identify responsible genes for yellow pigmentation in leaves, the transcriptome profiles of white (kenshin) and yellow leaves (wheessen) were examined using the br300k oligomeric chip in chinese cabbage. in yellow leaves, genes involved in carotene synthesis (brpsy, brpds, brcrtiso, and brlcye), lutein, and zeaxanthin synthesis (brcyp97a3 and brhydb) were upregulated, while those associated with ca ...	2014	25629030
high-throughput genotyping for species identification and diversity assessment in germplasm collections.	germplasm collections provide an extremely valuable resource for breeders and researchers. however, misclassification of accessions by species often hinders the effective use of these collections. we propose that use of high-throughput genotyping tools can provide a fast, efficient and cost-effective way of confirming species in germplasm collections, as well as providing valuable genetic diversity data. we genotyped 180 brassicaceae samples sourced from the australian grains genebank across the ...	2015	25641370
duplicate gene divergence by changes in microrna binding sites in arabidopsis and brassica.	gene duplication provides large numbers of new genes that can lead to the evolution of new functions. duplicated genes can diverge by changes in sequences, expression patterns, and functions. micrornas play an important role in the regulation of gene expression in many eukaryotes. after duplication, two paralogs may diverge in their microrna binding sites, which might impact their expression and function. little is known about conservation and divergence of microrna binding sites in duplicated g ...	2015	25644246
the elucidation of stress memory inheritance in brassica rapa plants.	plants are able to maintain the memory of stress exposure throughout their ontogenesis and faithfully propagate it into the next generation. recent evidence argues for the epigenetic nature of this phenomenon. small rnas (smrnas) are one of the vital epigenetic factors because they can both affect gene expression at the place of their generation and maintain non-cell-autonomous gene regulation. here, we have made an attempt to decipher the contribution of smrnas to the heat-shock-induced transge ...	2015	25653665
ageratum enation virus-a begomovirus of weeds with the potential to infect crops.	samples of two ageratum conyzoides, one sonchus oleraceus and one turnip (brassica rapa var. rapa) exhibiting virus-like symptoms were collected from pakistan and nepal. full-length begomovirus clones were obtained from the four plant samples and betasatellite clones from three of these. the begomovirus sequences were shown to be isolates of ageratum enation virus (aev) with greater than 89.1% nucleotide sequence identity to the 26 aev sequences available in the databases. the three betasatellit ...	2015	25674770
transcriptome analysis of canola (brassica napus) under salt stress at the germination stage.	canola (brassica napus) is one of the most important oil crops in the world. however, its yield has been constrained by salt stress. in this study, transcriptome profiles were explored using digital gene expression (dge) at 0, 3, 12 and 24 hours after h2o (control) and nacl treatments on b. napus roots at the germination stage. comparisons of gene-expression between the control and the treatment were conducted after tag-mapping to the sequenced brassica rapa genome. the differentially expressed ...	2015	25679513
molecular characterization and transcriptome analysis of orange head chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis).	the orange head phenotype of br - or resulted from a large insertion in carotenoid isomerase (brcrtiso) . comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the mutation affected the expression of abundant transcription factor genes. a new orange trait-specific marker was developed for marker-assisted breeding. orange head leaves are a desirable quality trait for chinese cabbage. our previous fine mapping identified brcrtiso as the br-or candidate gene for the orange chinese cabbage mutant. here, ...	2015	25686795
ectopic expression of a phytochrome b gene from chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) in arabidopsis thaliana promotes seedling de-etiolation, dwarfing in mature plants, and delayed flowering.	phytochrome b (phyb) is an essential red light receptor that predominantly mediates seedling de-etiolation, shade-avoidance response, and flowering time. in this study, we isolate a full-length cdna of phyb, designated brphyb, from chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis), and we find that brphyb protein has high amino acid sequence similarity and the closest evolutionary relationship to arabidopsis thaliana phyb (i.e., atphyb). quantitative reverse transcription (rt)-pcr results indic ...	2015	25724426
on the potential strength and consequences for nonrandom gene flow caused by local adaptation in flowering time.	gene flow is generally considered a random process, that is the loci under consideration have no effect on dispersal success. edelaar and bolnick (trends ecol evol, 27, 2012 659) recently argued that nonrandom gene flow could exert a significant evolutionary force. it can, for instance, ameliorate the maladaptive effects of immigration into locally adapted populations. i examined the potential strength for nonrandom gene flow for flowering time genes, a trait frequently found to be locally adapt ...	2015	25728931
effect of diffusion on discoloration of congo red by alginate entrapped turnip (brassica rapa) peroxidase.	enzymatic discoloration of the diazo dye, congo red (cr), by immobilized plant peroxidase from turnip "brassica rapa" is investigated. partially purified turnip peroxidase (tp) was immobilized by entrapment in spherical particles of calcium alginate and was assayed for the discoloration of aqueous cr solution. experimental data revealed that ph, reaction time, temperature, colorant, and h2o2 concentration play a significant role in dye degradation. maximum cr removal was found at ph 2.0, constan ...	2015	25734011
impact of total solid content and extraction ph on enzyme-aided recovery of protein from defatted rapeseed (brassica rapa l.) press cake and physicochemical properties of the protein fractions.	pectinase treatment was used to facilitate protein recovery from defatted rapeseed (brassica rapa) cold-pressing residue in water-lean conditions and without ph adjustment. effect of extraction ph on protein yield and physiochemical properties of the protein concentrates was assessed. enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates was feasible at high (40%) solid content and improved protein recovery at ph 6. comparable protein yields (40-41% of total protein) from enzyme-aided water extraction (ph 6) an ...	2015	25739320
responses of wheat (triticum aestivum) and turnip (brassica rapa) to the combined exposure of carbaryl and ultraviolet radiation.	the increase of ultraviolet (uv) radiation reaching the earth's surface as a result of increased ozone layer depletion has affected crop production systems and, in combination with pesticides used in agricultural activities, can lead to greater risks to the environment. the impact of uv radiation and carbaryl singly and in combination on triticum aestivum (wheat) and brassica rapa (turnip) was studied. the combined exposure was analyzed using the mixtox tool and was based on the conceptual model ...	2015	25754078
say it with flowers: flowering acceleration by root communication.	the timing of reproduction is a critical determinant of fitness, especially in organisms inhabiting seasonal environments. increasing evidence suggests that inter-plant communication plays important roles in plant functioning. here, we tested the hypothesis that flowering coordination can involve communication between neighboring plants. we show that soil leachates from brassica rapa plants growing under long-day conditions accelerated flowering and decreased allocation to vegetative organs in t ...	2014	25764422
allelic polymorphism of gigantea is responsible for naturally occurring variation in circadian period in brassica rapa.	gigantea (gi) was originally identified by a late-flowering mutant in arabidopsis, but subsequently has been shown to act in circadian period determination, light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, and responses to multiple abiotic stresses, including tolerance to high salt and cold (freezing) temperature. genetic mapping and analysis of families of heterogeneous inbred lines showed that natural variation in gi is responsible for a major quantitative trait locus in circadian period in brassica ...	2015	25775524
comparative analysis of disease-linked single nucleotide polymorphic markers from brassica rapa for their applicability to brassica oleracea.	numerous studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have been conducted in humans, and other animals, and in major crops, including rice, soybean, and chinese cabbage. however, the number of snp studies in cabbage is limited. in this present study, we evaluated whether 7,645 snps previously identified as molecular markers linked to disease resistance in the brassica rapa genome could be applied to b. oleracea. in a blast analysis using the snp sequences of b. rapa and b. oleracea genom ...	2015	25790283