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high resolution melt (hrm) analysis is an efficient tool to genotype ems mutants in complex crop genomes.targeted induced loci lesions in genomes (tilling) is increasingly being used to generate and identify mutations in target genes of crop genomes. tilling populations of several thousand lines have been generated in a number of crop species including brassica rapa. genetic analysis of mutants identified by tilling requires an efficient, high-throughput and cost effective genotyping method to track the mutations through numerous generations. high resolution melt (hrm) analysis has been used in a n ...201122152063
identification of conserved micrornas and their targets in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis).the micrornas (mirnas) are a new class of small nonprotein-coding rnas that have been identified to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by targeting mrnas for degradation or by inhibiting protein translation. until now, thousands of mirnas have been identified in many plants species. however, only 23 mirnas have been reported from the microrna database in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis), one of the most widely cultivated vegetables in china and east asia. ...201122111519
mitochondrial genome sequencing helps show the evolutionary mechanism of mitochondrial genome formation in brassica.angiosperm mitochondrial genomes are more complex than those of other organisms. analyses of the mitochondrial genome sequences of at least 11 angiosperm species have showed several common properties; these cannot easily explain, however, how the diverse mitotypes evolved within each genus or species. we analyzed the evolutionary relationships of brassica mitotypes by sequencing.201121988783
genetic architecture of life history traits and environment-specific trade-offs.life history theory predicts the evolution of trait combinations that enhance fitness, and the occurrence of trade-offs depends in part on the magnitude of variation in growth rate or acquisition. using recombinant inbred lines, we examined the genetic architecture of age and size at reproduction across abiotic conditions encountered by cultivars and naturalized populations of brassica rapa. we found that genotypes are plastic to seasonal setting, such that reproduction was accelerated under con ...201121902746
correlation of leaf senescence and gene expression/activities of chlorophyll degradation enzymes in harvested chinese flowering cabbage (brassica rapa var. parachinensis).chinese flowering cabbage is one of the main leafy vegetables produced in china. they have a rapid leaf yellowing due to chlorophyll degradation after harvest that limits their marketing. in the present study, leaf senescence of the cabbages was manipulated by ethylene and 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-ba) treatment to investigate the correlation of leaf senescence and chlorophyll degradation related to gene expression/activities in the darkness. the patterns of several senescence associated markers, ...201121820757
madmax - management and analysis database for multiple ~omics experiments.the rapid increase of ~omics datasets generated by microarray, mass spectrometry and next generation sequencing technologies requires an integrated platform that can combine results from different ~omics datasets to provide novel insights in the understanding of biological systems. madmax is designed to provide a solution for storage and analysis of complex ~omics datasets. in addition, analysis results (such as lists of genes) will be merged to reveal candidate genes supported by all datasets. ...201121778530
genic microsatellite markers in brassica rapa: development, characterization, mapping, and their utility in other cultivated and wild brassica relatives.genic microsatellite markers, also known as functional markers, are preferred over anonymous markers as they reveal the variation in transcribed genes among individuals. in this study, we developed a total of 707 expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat markers (est-ssrs) and used for development of a high-density integrated map using four individual mapping populations of b. rapa. this map contains a total of 1426 markers, consisting of 306 est-ssrs, 153 intron polymorphic markers, ...201121768136
the genetic architecture of ecophysiological and circadian traits in brassica rapa.developmental mechanisms that enable perception of and response to the environment may enhance fitness. ecophysiological traits typically vary depending on local conditions and contribute to resource acquisition and allocation, yet correlations may limit adaptive trait expression. notably, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance vary diurnally, and the circadian clock, which is an internal estimate of time that anticipates diurnal light/dark cycles, may synchronize physiological behaviors with e ...201121750258
development of full-length cdnas from chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and identification of marker genes for defence response.arabidopsis belongs to the brassicaceae family and plays an important role as a model plant for which researchers have developed fine-tuned genome resources. genome sequencing projects have been initiated for other members of the brassicaceae family. among these projects, research on chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) started early because of strong interest in this species. here, we report the development of a library of chinese cabbage full-length cdna clones, the riken brc b. r ...201121745830
evaluation of the joint effect of glyphosate and dimethoate using a small-scale terrestrial ecosystem.in the present work a small-scale terrestrial ecosystem (stem) containing a soil collected from an agricultural field in central portugal was used to evaluate the effects of the combination of the herbicide glyphosate and the insecticide dimethoate. earthworms (eisenia andrei), isopods (porcellionides pruinosus), turnip seeds (brassica rapa), and bait-lamina strips were placed in the stem. the results showed that the application of the recommended field dose of both pesticides did not cause any ...201121724258
evolutionary ecology of plant-microbe interactions: soil microbial structure alters selection on plant traits.• below-ground microbial communities influence plant diversity, plant productivity, and plant community composition. given these strong ecological effects, are interactions with below-ground microbes also important for understanding natural selection on plant traits? • here, we manipulated below-ground microbial communities and the soil moisture environment on replicated populations of brassica rapa to examine how microbial community structure influences selection on plant traits and mediates pl ...201121658184
identification of potential micrornas and their targets in brassica rapa l.micrornas (mirnas) are recently discovered, noncoding, small regulatory rna molecules that negatively regulate gene expression. although many mirnas are identified and validated in many plant species, they remain largely unknown in brassica rapa (aa 2n =, 20). b. rapa is an important brassica crop with wide genetic and morphological diversity resulting in several subspecies that are largely grown for vegetables, oilseeds, and fodder crop production. in this study, we identified 186 mirnas belong ...201121647586
karyotype and identification of all homoeologous chromosomes of allopolyploid brassica napus and its diploid progenitors.investigating recombination of homoeologous chromosomes in allopolyploid species is central to understanding plant breeding and evolution. however, examining chromosome pairing in the allotetraploid brassica napus has been hampered by the lack of chromosome-specific molecular probes. in this study, we establish the identification of all homoeologous chromosomes of allopolyploid b. napus by using robust molecular cytogenetic karyotypes developed for the progenitor species brassica rapa (a genome) ...201121041557
overexpression of the brassica napus bnlas gene in arabidopsis affects plant development and increases drought tolerance.the gras proteins are a family of transcription regulators found in plants and play diverse roles in plant growth and development. to study the biological roles of gras family genes in brassica napus, an arabidopsis las homologous gene, bnlas and its two homologs were cloned from b. napus and its two progenitor species, brassica rapa and brassica oleracea. relatively high levels of bnlas were observed in roots, shoot tips, lateral meristems and flower organs based on the analysis of the transcri ...201120976458
elevated co2 increases constitutive phenolics and trichomes, but decreases inducibility of phenolics in brassica rapa (brassicaceae).increasing global atmospheric co2 has been shown to affect important plant traits, including constitutive levels of defensive compounds. however, little is known about the effects of elevated co2 on the inducibility of chemical defenses or on plant mechanical defenses. we grew brassica rapa (oilseed rape) under ambient and elevated co2 to determine the effects of elevated co2 on constitutive levels and inducibility of carbon-based phenolic compounds, and on constitutive trichome densities. trich ...201122170345
characterization and comparison of gene-based simple sequence repeats across brassica species.simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are important components of eukaryotic genomes and may play an important role in regulating gene expression. however, the characteristics of genic ssrs and the effect of interspecific hybridization and polyploidization on genic ssrs seem not to have received desired attention in terms of scientific investigations. to determine the features of genic ssrs and elucidate their role in polyploidization process of the brassica family, we identified ssrs in plant genome d ...201121766184
structural and functional comparative mapping between the brassica a genomes in allotetraploid brassica napus and diploid brassica rapa.brassica napus (aacc genome) is an important oilseed crop that was formed by the fusion of the diploids b. rapa (aa) and b. oleracea (cc). the complete genomic sequence of the brassica a genome will be available soon from the b. rapa genome sequencing project, but it is not clear how informative the a genome sequence in b. rapa (a(r)) will be for predicting the structure and function of the a subgenome in the allotetraploid brassica species b. napus (a(n)). in this paper, we report the results o ...201121761162
bnac.tic40, a plastid inner membrane translocon originating from brassica oleracea, is essential for tapetal function and microspore development in brassica napus.here, we describe the characteristics of a brassica napus male sterile mutant 7365a with loss of the bnms3 gene, which exhibits abnormal enlargement of the tapetal cells during meiosis. later in development, the absence of the bnms3 gene in the mutant results in a loss of the secretory function of the tapetum, as suggested by abortive callose dissolution and retarded tapetal degradation. the bnac.tic40 gene (equivalent to bnms3) was isolated by a map-based cloning approach and was confirmed by g ...201121756273
de novo genetic variation associated with retrotransposon activation, genomic rearrangements and trait variation in a recombinant inbred line population of brassica napus derived from interspecific hybridization with brassica rapa.interspecific hybridization is a significant evolutionary force as well as a powerful method for crop breeding. partial substitution of the aa subgenome in brassica napus (a(n) a(n) c(n) c(n) ) with the brassica rapa (a(r) a(r) ) genome by two rounds of interspecific hybridization resulted in a new introgressed type of b. napus (a(r) a(r) c(n) c(n) ). in this study, we construct a population of recombinant inbred lines of the new introgressed type of b. napus. microsatellite, intron-based and re ...201121689170
glyphosate-drift but not herbivory alters the rate of transgene flow from single and stacked trait transgenic canola (brassica napus) to nontransgenic b. napus and b. rapa.• transgenic plants can offer agricultural benefits, but the escape of transgenes is an environmental concern. in this study we tested the hypothesis that glyphosate drift and herbivory selective pressures can change the rate of transgene flow between the crop brassica napus (canola), and weedy species and contribute to the potential for increased transgene escape risk and persistence outside of cultivation. • we constructed plant communities containing single transgenic b. napus genotypes expre ...201121443650
genes encoding the biotin carboxylase subunit of acetyl-coa carboxylase from brassica napus and parental species: cloning, expression patterns, and evolution.comparative genomics is a useful tool to investigate gene and genome evolution. biotin carboxylase (bc), an important subunit of heteromeric acetyl-coa carboxylase (accase) that is a rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis in dicots, catalyzes atp, biotin carboxyl carrier protein, and co2 to form carboxybiotin carboxyl carrier protein. in this study, we cloned four genes encoding bc from brassica napus l. (namely bnac.bc.a, bnac.bc.b, bnaa.bc.a, and bnaa.bc.b), and two were cloned from e ...201121423283
integration of linkage maps for the amphidiploid brassica napus and comparative mapping with arabidopsis and brassica rapa.the large number of genetic linkage maps representing brassica chromosomes constitute a potential platform for studying crop traits and genome evolution within brassicaceae. however, the alignment of existing maps remains a major challenge. the integration of these genetic maps will enhance genetic resolution, and provide a means to navigate between sequence-tagged loci, and with contiguous genome sequences as these become available.201121306613
phylogenetic analysis and classification of the brassica rapa set-domain protein family.the set (su(var)3-9, enhancer-of-zeste, trithorax) domain is an evolutionarily conserved sequence of approximately 130-150 amino acids, and constitutes the catalytic site of lysine methyltransferases (kmts). kmts perform many crucial biological functions via histone methylation of chromatin. histone methylation marks are interpreted differently depending on the histone type (i.e. h3 or h4), the lysine position (e.g. h3k4, h3k9, h3k27, h3k36 or h4k20) and the number of added methyl groups (i.e. m ...201122168908
the genome of the mesopolyploid crop species brassica rapa.we report the annotation and analysis of the draft genome sequence of brassica rapa accession chiifu-401-42, a chinese cabbage. we modeled 41,174 protein coding genes in the b. rapa genome, which has undergone genome triplication. we used arabidopsis thaliana as an outgroup for investigating the consequences of genome triplication, such as structural and functional evolution. the extent of gene loss (fractionation) among triplicated genome segments varies, with one of the three copies consistent ...201121873998
dissecting the genome of the polyploid crop oilseed rape by transcriptome sequencing.polyploidy complicates genomics-based breeding of many crops, including wheat, potato, cotton, oat and sugarcane. to address this challenge, we sequenced leaf transcriptomes across a mapping population of the polyploid crop oilseed rape (brassica napus) and representative ancestors of the parents of the population. analysis of sequence variation and transcript abundance enabled us to construct twin single nucleotide polymorphism linkage maps of b. napus, comprising 23,037 markers. we used these ...201121804563
genetic architecture of the circadian clock and flowering time in brassica rapa.the circadian clock serves to coordinate physiology and behavior with the diurnal cycles derived from the daily rotation of the earth. in plants, circadian rhythms contribute to growth and yield and, hence, to both agricultural productivity and evolutionary fitness. arabidopsis thaliana has served as a tractable model species in which to dissect clock mechanism and function, but it now becomes important to define the extent to which the arabidopsis model can be extrapolated to other species, inc ...201121505830
soil biota reduce allelopathic effects of the invasive eupatorium adenophorum.allelopathy has been hypothesized to play a role in exotic plant invasions, and study of this process can improve our understanding of how direct and indirect plant interactions influence plant community organization and ecosystem functioning. however, allelopathic effects can be highly conditional. for example allelopathic effects demonstrated in vivo can be difficult to demonstrate in field soils. here we tested phytotoxicity of eupatorium adenophorum (croftonweed), one of the most destructive ...201121980442
proteins of brassicaceae oilseeds and their potential as a plant protein source.among the commercially cultivated brassicaceae (cruciferae) plants, brassica juncea, brassica napus, brassica rapa, and sinapis alba store significant amounts of oil and protein in the seed. at present, brassica seed proteins are primarily used for livestock feeding based on the nutritional value. the point of curiosity is whether the present knowledge on the protein structure, biochemical characteristics, nutritive value, and the recovery processes are inadequate to develop brassica proteins in ...201121793726
characterization of brassica nigra collections using simple sequence repeat markers reveals distinct groups associated with geographical location, and frequent mislabelling of species identity.genetic diversity of 180 brassica nigra (l.) kochgenotypes from 60 different accessions was evaluated using 15 simple sequence repeat markers with known locations on the brassica a, b, and c genomes. two lines each from brassica juncea (l.) czern and brassica carinata braunwere also included as comparator species. a total of 218 high quality alleles were used to generate a genetic distance matrix, and clustering and multidimensional scaling analyses were used to investigate genetic relationships ...201121217806
polymorphic minisatellites in the mitochondrial dnas of oryza and brassica.polymorphic analyses of angiosperm mitochondrial dna are rare in comparison with chloroplast dna, because few target sequences in angiosperm mitochondrial dna are known. minisatellites, a tandem array of repeated sequences with a repeat unit of 10 to ~100 bp, are popular target sequences of animal mitochondria, but beta vulgaris is the only known angiosperm species for which such an analysis has been conducted. from this lack of information, it was uncertain as to whether polymorphic minisatelli ...201121562713
cloning, expression and characterization of the putative nuclear transport factor 2 (ntf2) gene from moss conocephalum conicum(l.) dum.biomacromolecules import into the nucleus is a complex progress which requires the participation of several cytosolic factors, and nuclear transport factor 2 (ntf2) is one of essential components in nuclear trafficking. its main role is to transport rangdp from cytoplasm to nucleus by interacting with fxfg nucleoporin repeats. in the study a putative new gene, designated as ccntf2, was obtained from the moss (conocephalum conicum) cdna library we have constructed. the full-length cdna sequence i ...201120857212
excision and episomal replication of cauliflower mosaic virus integrated into a plant genome.transgenic arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) plants containing a monomeric copy of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) genome exhibited the generation of infectious, episomally replicating virus. the circular viral genome had been split within the nonessential gene ii for integration into the arabidopsis genome by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. transgenic plants were assessed for episomal infections at flowering, seed set, and/or senescence. the infections were confirmed by ...201121278309
inactivation of muxabc-opmb transporter system in pseudomonas aeruginosa leads to increased ampicillin and carbenicillin resistance and decreased virulence.resistance-nodulation-cell division (rnd) pumps play important roles in bacterial resistance to antibiotics. pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important human pathogen which exhibits high level resistance to antibiotics. there are total of 12 rnd pumps present in the p. aeruginosa paol genome. the recently characterized muxabc-opmb system has been shown to play a role in resistance to novobiocin, aztreonam, macrolides, and tetracycline in a multiple knockout mutation. in this study, we examined the e ...201121369987
characterization of cenh3 proteins and centromere-associated dna sequences in diploid and allotetraploid brassica species.cenh3 is a centromere-specific histone h3 variant and has been used as a marker to identify active centromeres and dna sequences associated with functional centromere/kinetochore complexes. in this study, up to four distinct cenh3 (brcenh3) cdnas were identified in individuals of each of three diploid species of brassica. comparison of the brcenh3 cdnas implied three related gene families: brcenh3-a in brassica rapa (aa), brcenh3-b in b. nigra (bb), and brcenh3-c in b. oleracea (cc). each family ...201121394438
phytochemical changes induced by different nitrogen supply forms and radiation levels in two leafy brassica species.the effect of three different nitrogen (n) supply forms differing in their ammonium-to-nitrate (nh(4):no(3)) ratio (100% nh(4), 50% nh(4) + 50% no(3), 100% no(3)) under three different levels of daily photosynthetic active radiation (par) (low, 5.0; medium, 6.8; high, 9.0 mol m(-2) day(-1)) on a range of desirable health-promoting phytochemicals in brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica var. chinoleifera and brassica juncea was determined. the 100% nh(4) supply under medium par levels led to the highe ...201121395334
arvelexin from brassica rapa suppresses nf-+¦b-regulated pro-inflammatory gene expression by inhibiting activation of i+¦b kinase.background and purpose brassica rapa species constitute one of the major sources of food. in the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and the underlying molecular mechanism of arvelexin, isolated from b. rapa, on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated raw264.7 macrophages and on a model of septic shock induced by lps. experimental approach the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and cox-2, tnf-+¦, il-6 and il-1+¦ were determined by western blot and/or rt-pcr ...201121434881
isolation and characterization of a heme oxygenase-1 gene from chinese cabbage.heme oxygenase-1 (ho1) is a heme-catabolizing enzyme induced by a variety of stress conditions. this article described the cloning and characterization of brho1 gene which codes for a putative ho1 from chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis). brho1 consists of three exons and encodes a protein precursor of 32.3 kd with a putative n-terminal plastid transit peptide. the amino acid sequence of brho1 was 84% similar to arabidopsis counterpart hy1. the three-dimensional structure of brho1 ...201121505948
identification of expressed genes during infection of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) by plasmodiophora brassicae.abstract. plasmodiophora brassicae is an obligate, biotrophic pathogen causing the club-root disease of crucifers. despite its importance as a plant pathogen, little is known about p. brassicae at the molecular level as most of its life cycle takes place inside the plant host, and axenic culturing is impossible. discovery of genes expressed during infection and gene organization are the first steps toward a better understanding of the pathogen-host interaction. here, suppression subtractive hybr ...201121518080
combinations of a host resistance gene and the ci gene of turnip mosaic virus differentially regulate symptom expression in brassica rapa cultivars.in the pathosystem of brassica rapa and turnip mosaic virus (tumv), the type of symptoms expressed by susceptible plants are determined by the gene combinations between the host cultivar and virus strain. in this study, we found that the resistance reaction and symptoms such as systemic lethal necrosis, leaf malformation and mosaic were differentially determined, depending on the combinations of the genotypes for a host locus or two closely linked host loci and the viral ci gene. systemic necros ...201121625976
identification of functional brfad2-1 gene encoding microsomal delta-12 fatty acid desaturase from brassica rapa and development of brassica napus containing high oleic acid contents.microsomal delta-12 fatty acid desaturase (fad2) functions in the first committed step of the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids via the desaturation of oleic acid to linoleic acid. in this study, two fad2 genes were identified through genome-wide analysis of brassica rapa. one brfad2-1 gene harbors functional sequence information, but another brfad2-2 gene has mutations that generated a premature stop codon, rendering it nonfunctional. from a database of 120,000 b. rapa expressed seque ...201121647637
cloning and characterization of boron transporters in brassica napus.six full-length cdna encoding boron transporters (bor) were isolated from brassica napus (aacc) by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the phylogenic analysis revealed that the six bors were the orthologues of atbor1, which formed companying with the triplication and allotetra-ploidization process of b. napus, and were divided into three groups in b. napus. each group was comprised of two members, one of which was originated from brassica rapa (aa) and the other from brassica oleracea (cc). ...201121660474
identification of the brrhp1 locus that confers resistance to downy mildew in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) and development of linked molecular markers.inheritance of resistance to downy mildew (hyaloperonospora parasitica) in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) was studied using inbred parental lines rs1 and ss1 that display strong resistance and severe susceptibility, respectively. f(1), f(2), and bc(1)f(1) populations were evaluated for their responses to downy mildew infection. resistance to downy mildew was conditioned by a single dominant locus designated brrhp1. a random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) marker linked to brrhp ...201121814857
seasonal effects on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of six economically important brassica vegetables.research on natural and bioactive compounds is increasingly focused on their effects on human health, but there are unexpectedly few studies evaluating the relationship between climate and natural antioxidants. the aim of this study was analyze the biological role of six different brassica vegetables (brassica oleracea l. and brassica rapa l.) as a natural source of antioxidant compounds. the antioxidant activity may be assigned to high levels of l-ascorbic acid, total phenolics and total flavon ...201121832972
identification and expression analysis of chitinase genes related to biotic stress resistance in brassica.brassica is a very important vegetable group because of its contribution to human nutrition and consequent economic benefits. however, biotic stress is a major concern for these crops and molecular biology techniques offer the most efficient of approaches to address this concern. chitinase is an important biotic stress resistance-related gene. we identified three genes designated as brassica chitinase like protein (brclp1), brclp2 and brclp3 from a full-length cdna library of brassica rapa cv. o ...201121720758
glucosinolate biosynthetic genes in brassica rapa.glucosinolates (gs) are a group of amino acid-derived secondary metabolites found throughout the cruciferae family. glucosinolates and their degradation products play important roles in pathogen and insect interactions, as well as in human health. in order to elucidate the glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway in brassica rapa, we conducted comparative genomic analyses of arabidopsis thaliana and b. rapa on a genome-wide level. we identified 102 putative genes in b. rapa as the orthologs of 52 gs g ...201121835231
brad, the genetics and genomics database for brassica plants.brassica species include both vegetable and oilseed crops, which are very important to the daily life of common human beings. meanwhile, the brassica species represent an excellent system for studying numerous aspects of plant biology, specifically for the analysis of genome evolution following polyploidy, so it is also very important for scientific research. now, the genome of brassica rapa has already been assembled, it is the time to do deep mining of the genome data.201121995777
developmental responses of the diamondback moth parasitoid diadegma semiclausum (hellén) (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae) to temperature and host plant species.effects of constant rearing temperature and the plant species fed upon by its hosts were investigated for several developmental parameters of diadegma semiclausum (hellén), an important parasitoid of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.). temperature had highly significant effects on all developmental parameters measured, and effects were usually both linear and quadratic with increasing temperature. host plant species, comprising brassica napus l., brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis and ...201122127052
Brief report: genome sequence and construction of an infectious cDNA clone of Ribgrass mosaic virus from Chinese cabbage in Korea.Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV) has severely decreased the production and lowered quality of Chinese cabbage co-infected with Turnip mosaic virus (63.4%) in Korea. The complete genome sequence of RMV isolated from Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis was determined. The full genome consisted of 6,304 nucleotides and showed sequence identities of 91.5-94.2% with the corresponding genome of other RMV strains. Full-length cDNA of RMV-Br was amplified by RT-PCR with a 5'-end primer harboring a T7 promoter sequ ...201122143325
application of rhizosphere interaction of hyperaccumulator noccaea caerulescens to remediate cadmium-contaminated agricultural soil.there is an urgent requirement for selecting appropriate technologies to solve food safety problems due to soil contamination. in this study, the hyperaccumulator noccaea caerulescens and a high cd accumulator pakchoi cultivar (brassica rapa l. spp. chinenesis cv.) were grown in a moderately cd-contaminated soil with three planting systems (monocrop, inter-crop, and crop-rotation) and three growing durations (25, 50, and 75 days) to study the role of rhizosphere interaction of both species on th ...201121972514
[development of molecular markers linked to the resistant qtl for downy mildew in brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis].downy mildew, caused by the oomycete hyaloperonospora parasitica constant. (pers. ex fr.), is one of the most severe diseases in chinese cabbage, leading to reduction of yield and quality of the harvested products. therefore, identifying molecular markers linked to the major qtl for downy mildew resistance will be helpful in breeding resistant varieties of chinese cabbage. here, one highly susceptible line 91-112, one highly resistant line t12-19, and the derived dh population were employed to d ...201122120085
newly identified essential amino acid residues affecting δ(8)-sphingolipid desaturase activity revealed by site-directed mutagenesis.in order to identify amino acid residues crucial for the enzymatic activity of δ(8)-sphingolipid desaturases, a sequence comparison was performed among δ(8)-sphingolipid desaturases and δ(6)-fatty acid desaturases from various plants. in addition to the known conserved cytb(5) (cytochrome b(5)) hpgg motif and three conserved histidine boxes, they share additional 15 completely conserved residues. a series of site-directed mutants were generated using our previously isolated δ(8)-sphingolipid des ...201122100812
chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of rapa catozza napoletana (brassica rapa l. var. rapa dc.) seed meal, a promising protein source of campania region (southern italy) horticultural germplasm.background: the present study is the first effort in a comprehensive evaluation of the nutritive and biological properties of the meal from rapa catozza napoletana (rcn) (brassica rapa l. var. rapa) cultivar seeds as a new and alternative source of proteins. results: rcn seed meal revealed a good protein content (382.0 g kg(-1) ) compared with conventional brassica defatted meals. total glucosinolates (6.0 g kg(-1) ) were comparable to or even lower than those reported for other yellow- and brow ...201122173690
inhibitory effects of chalcone glycosides isolated from brassica rapa l. 'hidabeni' and their synthetic derivatives on lps-induced no production in microglia.activation of microglia induces the production of various inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (no), leading to neurodegeneration in many central nervous system diseases. in this study, we examined the effects of chalcone glycosides isolated from brassica rapa l. 'hidabeni' on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced no production using rat immortalized microglia hapi cells. 4'-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3',4-dimethoxychalcone (a2) inhibited lps-induced inducible no synthase (inos) expression and no ...201121856162
indole-containing fractions of brassica rapa inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by inactivating nuclear factor-κb.in an attempt to identify bioactive natural products with anti-inflammatory activity, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of the indole-containing fraction from the roots of brassica rapa (ibr) (family brassicaceae) and the underlying mechanisms. initially, we examined the inhibitory effect of ibr on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in vitro and then evaluated its in vivo anti-inflammatory effects. ibr was found to concentration-dependently reduce the productions of nitric o ...201121877949
Kinetic changes in glucosinolate-derived volatiles by heat-treatment and myrosinase activity in nakajimana (Brassica rapa L. cv. nakajimana).Nakajimana (Brassica rapa L. cv. nakajimana), of the family Brassicaceae, is a traditional vegetable in Japan. Three isothiocyanates and five cyanides in the leaves of nakajimana were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their kinetic changes using heat-treatment (temperature and time) were investigated. In addition, myrosinase activity of extracts prepared from fresh nakajimana leaf was determined. In crushed heat-treated leaves of nakajimana (70 °C for 30 ...201121913666
Effect of temperature on cortical infection by Plasmodiophora brassicae and clubroot severity.A study was conducted to assess the effect of temperature on infection and development of Plasmodiophora brassicae in the root cortex of Shanghai pak choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) and on subsequent clubroot severity. Ten-day-old seedlings were grown individually, inoculated with resting spores, and maintained in growth cabinets at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30?C. Seedlings were harvested at 2-day intervals, starting 8 days after inoculation (DAI) and continuing until 42 DAI. Roots were assessed ...201121864086
production and characterization of an alloplasmic and monosomic addition line of brassica rapa carrying the cytoplasm and one chromosome of moricandia arvensis.intergeneric hybridization was performed between moricandia arvensis and four inbred lines of brassica rapa following embryo rescue. three f(1) hybrid plants were developed from three cross combinations of m. arvensis × b. rapa, and amphidiploids were synthesized by colchicine treatment. six bc(1) plants were generated from a single cross combination of amphidipolid × b. rapa 'ko1-303' through embryo rescue. one bc(2) and three bc(3) plants were obtained from successive backcrossing with b. rapa ...201123136474
enhanced resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens by overexpression of a human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (hcap18/ll-37) in chinese cabbage.the human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein hcap18, which includes the c-terminal peptide ll-37, is a multifunctional protein. as a possible approach to enhancing the resistance to plant disease, a dna fragment coding for hcap18/ll-37 was fused at the c-terminal end of the leader sequence of endopolygalacturonase-inhibiting protein under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter region. the construct was then introduced into brassica rapa. ll-37 expression was confirmed in transg ...201122308171
positive- and negative-acting regulatory elements contribute to the tissue-specific expression of inner no outer, a yabby-type transcription factor gene in arabidopsis.the inner no outer (ino) gene, which encodes a yabby-type transcription factor, specifies and promotes the growth of the outer integument of the ovule in arabidopsis. ino expression is limited to the abaxial cell layer of the developing outer integument of the ovule and is regulated by multiple regions of the ino promoter, including pos9, a positive element that when present in quadruplicate can produce low-level expression in the normal ino pattern.201223148487
molecular characterization of stress resistance-related chitinase genes of brassica rapa.brassica is an important vegetable group worldwide that is impacted by biotic and abiotic stresses. molecular biology techniques offer the most efficient approach to address these concerns. inducible plant defense responses include the production of pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins, and chitinases are very important pr proteins. we collected 30 chitinase like genes, three from our full-length cdna library of brassica rapa cv. osome and 27 from brassica databases. sequence analysis and comparis ...201222796900
over-expression of rice leucine-rich repeat protein results in activation of defense response, thereby enhancing resistance to bacterial soft rot in chinese cabbage.pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum causes soft rot disease in various plants, including chinese cabbage. the simple extracellular leucine-rich repeat (elrr) domain proteins have been implicated in disease resistance. rice leucine-rich repeat protein (oslrp), a rice simple elrr domain protein, is induced by pathogens, phytohormones, and salt. to see whether oslrp enhances disease resistance to bacterial soft rot, oslrp was introduced into chinese cabbage by agrobacterium-mediated trans ...201222717673
identification and characterization of stress resistance related genes of brassica rapa.two biotic stress resistance related genes from the full-length cdna library of brassica rapa cv. osome were identified from est analysis and determined to be pathogenesis-related (pr) 12 brassica defensin-like family protein (brdlfp) and pr-10 brassica betv1 allergen family protein (brbetv1afp) after sequence analysis and homology study with other stress resistance related same family genes. in the expression analysis, both genes expressed in different organs and during all developmental growth ...201222286206
glutathione reductase from brassica rapa affects tolerance and the redox state but not fermentation ability in response to oxidative stress in genetically modified saccharomyces cerevisiae.to determine whether the exogenous expression of glutathione reductase (gr) from brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (brgr) can reduce the deleterious effects of unfavorable conditions, we constructed a transgenic saccharomyces cerevisiae strain bearing the gr gene cloned into the yeast expression vector, pvtu260. brgr expression was confirmed by semi reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) analysis, immunoblotting analysis and an enzyme assay. ectopic brgr-expression improved cellu ...201222806013
identification of chinese cabbage sentrin as a suppressor of bax-induced cell death in yeast.studies into the cell death program termed apoptosis have resulted in new information regarding how cells control and execute their own demise, including insights into the mechanism by which death-preventing factors can inhibit bax-induced caspase activation. we investigated high temperature stress-induced cell death in brassica rapa. using a yeast functional screening from a brassica rapa cdna library, the bh5-127 est clone encoding an apoptotic suppressor peptide was identified. however, a phy ...201222561852
isolation and functional characterisation of the genes encoding δ(8)-sphingolipid desaturase from brassica rapa.δ(8)-sphingolipid desaturase is the key enzyme that catalyses desaturation at the c8 position of the long-chain base of sphingolipids in higher plants. there have been no previous studies on the genes encoding δ(8)-sphingolipid desaturases in brassica rapa. in this study, four genes encoding δ(8)-sphingolipid desaturases from b. rapa were isolated and characterised. phylogenetic analyses indicated that these genes could be divided into two groups: brd8a, brd8c and brd8d in group i, and brd8b in ...201222293117
identificaiton of a clubroot resistance locus conferring resistance to a plasmodiophora brassicae classified into pathotype group 3 in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.).in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa), the clubroot resistance (cr) genes crr1 and crr2 are effective against the mild plasmodiophora brassicae isolate ano-01 and the more virulent isolate wakayama-01, but not against isolate no. 14, classified into pathotype group 3. 'akiriso', a clubroot-resistant f(1) cultivar, showed resistance to isolate no. 14. to increase the durability of resistance, we attempted to identify the cr locus in 'akiriso'. cr in 'akiriso' segregated as a single dominant gene and ...201223226089
molecular characterization of the cra gene conferring clubroot resistance in brassica rapa.clubroot disease is one of the major diseases affecting brassicaceae crops, and a number of these crops grown commercially, such as chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis), are known to be highly susceptible to clubroot disease. to provide protection from this disease, plant breeders have introduced genes for resistance to clubroot from the european turnip into susceptible lines. the cra gene confers specific resistance to the clubroot pathogen plasmodiophora brassicae isolate m85. fi ...201223054353
carbohydrate derivatives from the roots of brassica rapa ssp. campestris and their effects on ros production and glutamate-induced cell death in ht-22 cells.phytochemical investigation of the roots of brassica rapa ssp. campestris led to the isolation of three new carbohydrate derivatives, namely sucrose 3,3',4'-triisovalerate (2), sucrose 6,3',4'-triisovalerate (3), and ethanone-1-c-β-d-glucopyranoside (3,7-anhydro-1-deoxy-d-glycero-d-gulo-2-octulose, 6), along with four known carbohydrate derivatives, 2,6,3',4'-tetraisovalerate (1), ethyl β-d-glucopyranoside (4), n-butyl β-d-fructofuranoside (5), and n-pentyl β-d-fructofuranoside (7), which were i ...201223507511
assessment of allelopathic properties of aloe ferox mill. on turnip, beetroot and carrot.turnip (brassica rapa var. rapa l.), beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) and carrot (daucus carota l.) are common vegetables in south africa. the allelopathic potential of aqueous leaf and root extracts of aloe ferox mill.- a highly valued medicinal plant- was evaluated against seed germination and seedling growth of the three vegetables in petri dish experiments. the extracts were tested at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/ml. leaf extract concentrations above 4 mg/ml inhibited the germination o ...201223558992
cell division and endoreduplication play important roles in stem swelling of tuber mustard (brassica juncea coss. var. tumida tsen et lee).we investigated spatio-temporal variations in cell division and the occurrence of endoreduplication in cells of tuber mustard stems during development. cells in the stem had 8c nuclei (c represents dna content of a two haploid genome), since it is an allotetraploid species derived from diploid brassica rapa (aa) and b. nigra (bb), thus indicating the occurrence of endoreduplication. additionally, we observed a dynamic change of cell ploidy in different regions of the swollen stems, with a decrea ...201222639957
identification and profiling of novel micrornas in the brassica rapa genome based on small rna deep sequencing.micrornas (mirnas) are one of the functional non-coding small rnas involved in the epigenetic control of the plant genome. although plants contain both evolutionary conserved mirnas and species-specific mirnas within their genomes, computational methods often only identify evolutionary conserved mirnas. the recent sequencing of the brassica rapa genome enables us to identify mirnas and their putative target genes. in this study, we sought to provide a more comprehensive prediction of b. rapa mir ...201223163954
sequencing of chloroplast genome using whole cellular dna and solexa sequencing technology.sequencing of the chloroplast (cp) genome using traditional sequencing methods has been difficult because of its size (>120 kb) and the complicated procedures required to prepare templates. to explore the feasibility of sequencing the cp genome using dna extracted from whole cells and solexa sequencing technology, we sequenced whole cellular dna isolated from leaves of three brassicarapa accessions with one lane per accession. in total, 246, 362, and 361 mb sequence data were generated for the t ...201223162558
genome-wide characterization of the cbf/dreb1 gene family in brassica rapa.the c-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding transcription factors (cbf/drebs) are important proteins in involved in responses to abiotic stress in plants. we identified ten brdreb1 genes belonging to the cbf/dreb1 gene family in the brassica rapa whole genome sequence, whereas six genes are found in the arabidopsis thaliana genome. the deduced amino acid sequences of the b. rapa genes showed conserved motifs shared with other known plant cbf/dreb1s. comparative analysis revealed that nin ...201223148914
microstructure of a brassica rapa genome segment homoeologous to the resistance gene cluster on arabidopsis chromosome 4.genome evolution is a continuous process and genomic rearrangement occurs both within and between species. with the sequencing of the arabidopsis thaliana genome, comparative genetics and genomics offer new insights into plant biology. the genus brassica offers excellent opportunities with which to compare genomic synteny so as to reveal genome evolution. during a previous genetic analysis of clubroot resistance in brassica rapa, we identified a genetic region that is highly collinear with arabi ...201223136528
phenophyte: a flexible affordable method to quantify 2d phenotypes from imagery. 201223131141
genome-wide identification, classification and expression analysis of genes encoding putative fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.).fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (flas), a subclass of arabinogalactan proteins (agps), have both predicted agp-like glycosylated regions and putative fasciclin (fas) domains, which may function in cell adhesion and communication. previous studies have identified 21, 27, and 34 flas in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum), respectively. in this study, we identified 33 flas in the annotated genome of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. peki ...201223053954
a large insertion in bhlh transcription factor brtt8 resulting in yellow seed coat in brassica rapa.yellow seed is a desirable quality trait of the brassica oilseed species. previously, several seed coat color genes have been mapped in the brassica species, but the molecular mechanism is still unknown. in the present investigation, map-based cloning method was used to identify a seed coat color gene, located on a9 in b. rapa. blast analysis with the arabidopsis genome showed that there were 22 arabidopsis genes in this region including at4g09820 to at4g10620. functional complementation test ex ...201222984469
identification and characterization of orthologs of atnhx5 and atnhx6 in brassica napus.improving crop species by breeding for salt tolerance or introducing salt tolerant traits is one method of increasing crop yields in saline affected areas. extensive studies of the model plant species arabidopsis thaliana has led to the availability of substantial information regarding the function and importance of many genes involved in salt tolerance. however, the identification and characterization of a. thaliana orthologs in species such as brassica napus (oilseed rape) can prove difficult ...201222973287
syntenic gene analysis between brassica rapa and other brassicaceae species.chromosomal synteny analysis is important in genome comparison to reveal genomic evolution of related species. shared synteny describes genomic fragments from different species that originated from an identical ancestor. syntenic genes are orthologs located in these syntenic fragments, so they often share similar functions. syntenic gene analysis is very important in brassicaceae species to share gene annotations and investigate genome evolution. here we designed and developed a direct and effic ...201222969786
auxin response factor gene family in brassica rapa: genomic organization, divergence, expression, and evolution.completion of the sequencing of the brassica rapa genome enabled us to undertake a genome-wide identification and functional study of the gene families related to the morphological diversity and agronomic traits of brassica crops. in this study, we identified the auxin response factor (arf) gene family, which is one of the key regulators of auxin-mediated plant growth and development in the b. rapa genome. a total of 31 arf genes were identified in the genome. phylogenetic and evolutionary analy ...201222915303
unleashing the genome of brassica rapa.the completion and release of the brassica rapa genome is of great benefit to researchers of the brassicas, arabidopsis, and genome evolution. while its lineage is closely related to the model organism arabidopsis thaliana, the brassicas experienced a whole genome triplication subsequent to their divergence. this event contemporaneously created three copies of its ancestral genome, which had diploidized through the process of homeologous gene loss known as fractionation. by the fractionation of ...201222866056
overexpression of brassica rapa shi-related sequence genes suppresses growth and development in arabidopsis thaliana.s hi-r elated sequence (srs) genes are plant-specific transcription factors containing a zinc-binding ring finger motif, which play a critical role in plant growth and development. we have characterized six srs genes in brassica rapa. overexpression of the srss brsty1, brsrs7, and brlrp1 induced dwarf and compact plants, and significantly decreased primary root elongation and lateral root formation. additionally, the transgenic plants had upward-curled leaves of narrow widths and with short peti ...201222798043
preferential retention of circadian clock genes during diploidization following whole genome triplication in brassica rapa.much has been learned about the architecture and function of the circadian clock of arabidopsis thaliana, a model for plant circadian rhythms. circadian rhythms contribute to evolutionary fitness, suggesting that circadian rhythmicity may also contribute to agricultural productivity. therefore, we extend our study of the plant circadian clock to brassica rapa, an agricultural crop. since its separation from arabidopsis, b. rapa has undergone whole genome triplication and subsequent diploidizatio ...201222685167
comparative mapping, genomic structure, and expression analysis of eight pseudo-response regulator genes in brassica rapa.circadian clocks regulate plant growth and development in response to environmental factors. in this function, clocks influence the adaptation of species to changes in location or climate. circadian-clock genes have been subject of intense study in models such as arabidopsis thaliana but the results may not necessarily reflect clock functions in species with polyploid genomes, such as brassica species, that include multiple copies of clock-related genes. the triplicate genome of brassica rapa re ...201222466714
molecular interactions of the phytotoxins destruxin b and sirodesmin pl with crucifers and cereals: metabolism and elicitation of plant defenses.destruxin b and sirodesmin pl are phytotoxins produced by the phytopathogenic fungi alternaria brassicae (berk.) sacc. and leptosphaeria maculans (asexual stage phoma lingam), respectively. the molecular interaction of destruxin b and sirodesmin pl with cruciferous and cereal species was investigated using hplc-esi-ms(n). it was determined that crucifers transformed destruxin b to hydroxydestruxin b, but sirodesmin pl was not transformed. overall, the results suggest that the five cruciferous sp ...201222414311
synteny-based mapping-by-sequencing enabled by targeted enrichment.mapping-by-sequencing, as implemented in shoremap ('shoremapping'), is greatly accelerating the identification of causal mutations. the original shoremap approach based on resequencing of bulked segregants required a highly accurate and complete reference sequence. however, current whole-genome or transcriptome assemblies from next-generation sequencing data of non-model organisms do not produce chromosome-length scaffolds. we have therefore developed a method that exploits synteny with a relate ...201222409706
distribution of calcium (ca) and magnesium (mg) in the leaves of brassica rapa under varying exogenous ca and mg supply.leafy vegetable brassica crops are an important source of dietary calcium (ca) and magnesium (mg) and represent potential targets for increasing leaf ca and mg concentrations through agronomy or breeding. although the internal distribution of ca and mg within leaves affects the accumulation of these elements, such data are not available for brassica. the aim of this study was to characterize the internal distribution of ca and mg in the leaves of a vegetable brassica and to determine the effects ...201222362665
high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of plant metabolites in brassicaceae.the brassicaceae family comprises a variety of plant species that are of high economic importance as -vegetables or industrial crops. this includes crops such as brassica rapa (turnip, bok choi), b. oleracea (cabbages, broccoli, cauliflower, etc.), and b. napus (oil seed rape), and also includes the famous genetic model of plant research, arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress). brassicaceae plants contain a large variety of interesting secondary metabolites, including glucosinolates, hydroxycinnamic ...201222351174
birth, death and subfunctionalization in the arabidopsis genome.arabidopsis thaliana is now a model system, not just for plant biology but also for comparative genomics. the completion of the sequences of two closely related species, arabidopsis lyrata and brassica rapa, is complemented by genomic comparisons among a. thaliana accessions and mutation accumulation lines. together these genomic data document the birth of new genes via gene duplication, transposon exaptation and de novo formation of new genes from noncoding sequence. most novel loci exhibit low ...201222326563
mapping of bnms4 and bnrf to a common microsyntenic region of arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3 using intron polymorphism markers.a recessive epistatic genic male sterile two-type line, 7365ab (bnms3ms3ms4msrrfrf/bnms3ms3ms4ms4rfrf), combined with the fertile interim-maintainer 7365c (bnms3ms3ms4ms4rfrf) is an effective pollination control system in hybrid rapeseed production. we report an effective strategy used to fine map bnms4 and bnrf. the two genes were both defined to a common microsyntenic region with arabidopsis chromosome 3 using intron polymorphism (ip) markers developed according to arabidopsis genome informati ...201222246313
retention of triplicated phytoene synthase (psy) genes in brassica napus l. and its diploid progenitors during the evolution of the brassiceae.the extent of genome redundancy exhibited by brassica species provides a model to study the evolutionary fate of multi-copy genes and the effects of polyploidy in economically important crops. phytoene synthase (psy) catalyzes the first committed reaction of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, which has been shown to be rate-limiting in brassica napus seeds. in arabidopsis thaliana, a single psy gene (atpsy) regulates phytoene synthesis in all tissues. considering that diploid brassica genomes ...201222241480
identification of conserved and novel micrornas that are responsive to heat stress in brassica rapa.the species brassica rapa includes various vegetable crops. production of these vegetable crops is usually impaired by heat stress. some micrornas (mirnas) in arabidopsis have been considered to mediate gene silencing in plant response to abiotic stress. however, it remains unknown whether or what mirnas play a role in heat resistance of b. rapa. to identify genomewide conserved and novel mirnas that are responsive to heat stress in b. rapa, we defined temperature thresholds of non-heading chine ...201222025521
inferring the brassica rapa interactome using protein-protein interaction data from arabidopsis thaliana.following successful completion of the brassica rapa sequencing project, the next step is to investigate functions of individual genes/proteins. for arabidopsis thaliana, large amounts of protein-protein interaction (ppi) data are available from the major ppi databases (dbs). it is known that brassica crop species are closely related to a. thaliana. this provides an opportunity to infer the b. rapa interactome using ppi data available from a. thaliana. in this paper, we present an inferred b. ra ...201223293649
the impact of genome triplication on tandem gene evolution in brassica rapa.whole genome duplication (wgd) and tandem duplication (td) are both important modes of gene expansion. however, how wgd influences tandemly duplicated genes is not well studied. we used brassica rapa, which has undergone an additional genome triplication (wgt) and shares a common ancestor with arabidopsis thaliana, arabidopsis lyrata, and thellungiella parvula, to investigate the impact of genome triplication on tandem gene evolution. we identified 2,137, 1,569, 1,751, and 1,135 tandem gene arra ...201223226149
genetic characterization and fine mapping of a yellow-seeded gene in dahuang (a brassica rapa landrace).the development of yellow-seeded cultivars in brassica rapa (b. rapa) would improve the quality and quantity of available oil. the identification and mapping of the seed coat color gene may aid in the development of yellow-seeded cultivars and facilitate introgression of the yellow-seeded gene into desirable brassica napus (b. napus) lines through marker-assisted selection. in the current study, we investigated the inheritance of a yellow-seeded landrace in b. rapa, "dahuang", originating from t ...201222120455
high-throughput polymorphism detection and genotyping in brassica napus using next-generation rad sequencing.the complex genome of rapeseed (brassica napus) is not well understood despite the economic importance of the species. good knowledge of sequence variation is needed for genetics approaches and breeding purposes. we used a diversity set of b. napus representing eight different germplasm types to sequence genome-wide distributed restriction-site associated dna (rad) fragments for polymorphism detection and genotyping.201222726880
identification and characterization of candidate rlm4 blackleg resistance genes in brassica napus using next-generation sequencing.a thorough understanding of the relationships between plants and pathogens is essential if we are to continue to meet the agricultural needs of the world's growing population. the identification of genes underlying important quantitative trait loci is extremely challenging in complex genomes such as brassica napus (canola, oilseed rape or rapeseed). however, recent advances in next-generation sequencing (ngs) enable much quicker identification of candidate genes for traits of interest. here, we ...201222726421
antidiabetic ii drug metformin in plants: uptake and translocation to edible parts of cereals, oily seeds, beans, tomato, squash, carrots, and potatoes.residues of pharmaceuticals present in wastewater and sewage sludge are of concern due to their transfer to aquatic and terrestrial food chains and possible adverse effects on nontargeted organisms. in the present work, uptake and translocation of metformin, an antidiabetic ii medicine, by edible plant species cultivated in agricultural soil have been investigated in greenhouse experiment. metformin demonstrated a high uptake and translocation to oily seeds of rape ( brassica napus cv. sheik and ...201222712757
seed colour loci, homoeology and linkage groups of the c genome chromosomes revealed in brassica rapa-b. oleracea monosomic alien addition lines.brassica rapa and b. oleracea are the progenitors of oilseed rape b. napus. the addition of each chromosome of b. oleracea to the chromosome complement of b. rapa results in a series of monosomic alien addition lines (maals). analysis of maals determines which b. oleracea chromosomes carry genes controlling specific phenotypic traits, such as seed colour. yellow-seeded oilseed rape is a desirable breeding goal both for food and livestock feed end-uses that relate to oil, protein and fibre conten ...201222628364
fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of the nuclear restorer gene rfp for pol cms in rapeseed (brassica napus l.).the polima (pol) system of cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) in rapeseed is widely used in china for commercial hybrid seed production. genetic studies have shown that its fertility restorer gene (rfp) is monogenic dominant. for fine mapping of the rfp gene, a near isogenic line comprising 3,662 individuals of bc(14)f(1) generation segregating for the rfp gene was created. based on the sequences of two scar markers, scap0612st and scap0612em2, developed by zhao et al. (genes genom 30(3):191-196, ...201222614178
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