Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| dna from plant mitochondria. | dna was isolated from a mitochondrial fraction of each of the following plant materials: mung bean (phaseolus aureus) etiolated hypocotyl; turnip (brassica rapa) root; sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) root; and onion (allium cepa) bulb. it was found that all of these mitochondrial fractions contained dna, the densities of which were identical (rho=1.706 g.cm(-3)). an additional dna (rho=1.695) band found in the mitochondrial fraction of brassica rapa, was identical to dna separately isolated from ... | 1966 | 16656268 |
| photocontrol of anthocyanin synthesis in turnip seedlings : iv. the effect of feeding precursors. | separation of hypocotyls and cotyledons of turnip seedlings (brassica rapa) reduced the yield of anthocyanin from the former. feeding with a combination of phenylalanine, acetate and glucose (pag) considerably increased anthocyanin synthesis in these excised hypocotyls. in blue light the yield equalled that of the controls with cotyledons attached but, in far-red, the maximum obtained was never more than 55% of the controls.a long pre-treatment with red light markedly reduced anthocyanin formati ... | 1967 | 24549375 |
| effects of prolonged reduced pressure on the growth and nitrogen content of turnip (brassica rapa l.). sam-tr-68-100. | 1968 | 5305492 | |
| contributions of photosynthesis and phytochrome to the formation of anthocyanin in turnip seedlings. | turnip seedlings (brassica rapa l.) irradiated for 24 hours with radiation at 720 nanometers synthesize chlorophyll a and anthocyanin. antimycin a and 2,4-dinitrophenol, which are known to reduce cyclic photophosphorylation, also reduce anthocyanin synthesis. noncyclic photophosphorylation is inhibited by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and o-phenanthroline. these compounds promote cyclic photophosphorylation and anthocyanin synthesis. on the basis of these findings it is suggested that ... | 1971 | 16657788 |
| salt-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase from smooth microsomes of turnip. | the turnip (brassica rapa l.) microsome fraction contains both a mg(2+)-inhibited acid phosphatase and a salt-stimulated mg(2+)-activated atpase. however, as the ph optimum of the atpase was 8.0 to 8.5, the acid phosphatase activity could be eliminated by assaying at or above ph 7.8. the atpase was concentrated in a fraction equivalent to the smooth microsomal membranes and was not due to fragments of mitochondria. the salt-stimulated activity showed specificity for anions rather than cations. t ... | 1973 | 16658466 |
| development of tuberous roots and sugar accumulation as related to invertase activity and mineral nutrition. | sucrose storage in tuberous roots was not observed when the tissues had very high activities of acid invertase. high activities of the enzyme were always present in the roots at early stages of their development. in species where the activity of the enzyme decreased during root development, sucrose was stored. thus, acid invertase was undetectable in mature roots of carrots (daucus carota l.) where sucrose formed almost 80% of the dry matter. conversely, radish (raphanus sativus l.) and turnip ( ... | 1974 | 24442198 |
| alkaline β-fructofuranosidases of tuberous roots: possible physiological function. | alkaline invertase of roots of carrot (daucus carota l.) did not hydrolyze raffinose while the acid invertase from the same tissue showed with this sugar ca. 60% of the activity found with sucrose. the activity of the two invertases was inhibited by fructose to a different extent, the k i value being ca. 4×10(-2) m and 3×10(-1)m, respectively, for the alkaline and the acid invertases from the roots of both carrot and turnip (brassica rapa l.). it is proposed that fructose inhibition of acid inve ... | 1974 | 24442377 |
| paradoxical effect of actinomycin d: regulation of synthesis of wound rnase at translation in turnip tissue. | cutting of tissue sections induces rnase (ec 2.7.7.16) activity (phase i) in white turnip (brassica rapa l. var. rapa) which peaks in 4 or 7 hours and then declines rapidly (phase ii). the increase is inhibited by cycloheximide; also rnase from tissue bathed in 99.8% d(2)o during phase i underwent a large increase in buoyant density, indicating that the increased activity is due to de novo synthesis. actinomycin d inhibited induction of rnase only if given within the initial 45 minutes after cut ... | 1975 | 16659321 |
| determination of structure and composition of suberin from the roots of carrot, parsnip, rutabaga, turnip, red beet, and sweet potato by combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. | suberin from the roots of carrots (daucus carota), parsnip (pastinaca sativa), rutabaga (brassica napobrassica), turnip (brassica rapa), red beet (beta vulgaris), and sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) was isolated by a combination of chemical and enzymatic techniques. finely powdered suberin was depolymerized with 14% bf(3) in methanol, and soluble monomers (20-50% of suberin) were fractionated into phenolic (<10%) and aliphatic (13-35%) fractions. the aliphatic fractions consisted mainly of omega- ... | 1975 | 16659124 |
| in-vitro and in-vivo effects of aldicarb on survival and development of heterodera schachtii. | aqueous solutions of 5-500 mug/ml aldicarb inhibited hatching of heterodera schachtii. addition of hatching agents, zinc chloride, or sugarbeet root diffusate, to the aldicarb solutions did not decrease the inhibition of hatching. when cysts were removed from the aldicarb solufions and then treated for 4 wk in sugarbeet root diffusate, larvae hatched and emerged. treatments of newly hatched larvae of h. schachtii with 5-100 mug/ml aldicarb depressed later development of larvae on sugarbeet (beta ... | 1975 | 19308173 |
| photocontrol of anthocyanin synthesis: iii. the action of streptomycin on the synthesis of chlorophyll and anthocyanin. | streptomycin enhances the synthesis of anthocyanins and inhibits the synthesis of chlorophylls and the development of chloroplasts in dark-grown seedlings of cabbage (brassica oleracea), mustard (sinapis alba), tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), and turnip (brassica rapa) exposed to prolonged periods of irradiation in various spectral regions. these results suggest that the contribution of photosynthesis to light-dependent high irradiance reaction anthocyanin synthesis in seedlings of cabbage, mu ... | 1975 | 16659061 |
| formation of n-acetylglutamate by extracts of higher plants. | the enzymic synthesis of n-acetylglutamate was studied in extracts of higher plant tissues, especially in sugar beet leaves (beta vulgaris l.). sugar beet leaves had an enzyme that transferred the acetyl group either from acetyl-coa or from n(2)-acetylornithine to glutamate. the enzyme was so unstable that special precautions were necessary for its detection and appreciable purification was impossible. the km values were 2.5 and 0.025 mm for acetyl-coa and n(2)-acetylornithine, respectively. the ... | 1977 | 16659918 |
| influence of chlorophyll content on phytochrome measurements in turnip cotyledons. | phytochrome determinations at 730/800 nm were performed on de-etiolated turnip (brassica rapa l.) cotyledons in which chlorophyll (chl) content had been reduced experimentally to varying degrees by pre-treatment with high temperature (ht), or transfer to 3% ethanol. the magnitude of detectable phytochrome depended on chl content, showing a linear relationshop in vivo. the results were confirmed by an in vitro experiment where, however, the correlation was exponential. an attempt is made to illus ... | 1977 | 24419572 |
| surface charge of protoplasts and their significance in cell-cell interaction. | ζ-potential of mesophyll protoplasts of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.), petunia (petunia hybrida hort.), turnip (brassica rapa l.) and cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walpers) was determined by use of a cell electrophoresis apparatus. all protoplasts examined showed a constant negative value of-10 to-35 mv. the addition of cacl2 nullified the ζ-potential of tobacco protoplasts. this phenomenon is explained by dlvo theory of colloid science, which has been successfully applied to animal cells. furth ... | 1978 | 24408109 |
| ethylene regulation of wound-induced ribonuclease in turnip root tissue. | exogenous ethylene enhances the synthesis of wound-induced ribonuclease (rnase) (ec2.7.7.16) in tissue discs of white turnip (brassica rapa l. var. rapa (l.) tell.). the half-maximal concentration is <0.01 μl/l ehtylene. maximal response was obtained with either continuous ethylene treatment, or a 90-min pulse of ethylene followed by flushing with 1500 cm(3) of air/min at standard pressure or 500 cm(3)/min at hypobaric pressure for the remainder of the experiments. addition of ethylene at 60-75 ... | 1979 | 24407384 |
| electron transfer reactions between cytochrome f and plastocyanin from brassica komatsuna. | the protein-protein electron transfer reactions between cytochrome f and plastocyanin, both purified from brassica komatsuna (brassica rapa l. var. pervirdis bailey), have been studied as a function of ph, ionic strength, and temperature. the second-order rate constant for the oxidation of ferrocytochrome f by plastocyanin was found to be k = 4.5 x 10(7) m-1 x s-1 at ph 7.0 mu 0.2 m, and 20 degrees c, with activation parameters delta h not equal to = 8.4 kcal/mol and delta s not equal to = 4.9 c ... | 1980 | 7451412 |
| transcription of the cauliflower mosaic virus genome in isolated nuclei from turnip leaves. | nuclei isolated from turnip (brassica rapa l. c.v. just right) leaves infected with cauliflower mosaic virus synthesize rna in vitro which hybridizes to purified cauliflower mosaic virus dna. nuclei isolated from uninfected leaves do not produce these viral transcripts in vitro. viral-specific transcription in isolated nuclei is catalyzed by endogenous dna-dependent rna polymerase 11 based on sensitivity to alpha-amanitin and ionic strength optima. only one strand of the viral genome is transcri ... | 1980 | 18631807 |
| cloned cauliflower mosaic virus dna infects turnips (brassica rapa). | cauliflower mosaic virus dna cloned in the sal i site of bacterial plasmid pbr322 infects turnip plants. the cloned viral dna must be excised from the recombinant plasmid to infect, but need not be circularized and ligated in vitro. the cloned viral dna lacks site-specific single-strand breaks found in dna obtained directly from the virus. however, these breaks are reintroduced into the viral genome during multiplication of the virus in the plant host. | 1980 | 17830812 |
| electron transfer reactions of cytochrome f from brassica komatsuna with hexacyanoferrate. | the electron transfer reactions of membrane-bound monomeric cytochrome f from brassica komatosuna (brassica rapa l. var. perviridis bailey) with hexacyanoferrate (ii)-(iii) have been studied as a function of ph, ionic strength and temperature. the second-order rate constant for the oxidation of cytochrome f by fe(cn)6(3-) at ph 7.0, mu 0.1 m, and 20 degrees c is 1.7 x 10(5) m-1 x s-1, which is similar to the value of oligomeric cytochrome f from parsley. the activation parameters obtained were d ... | 1980 | 7451411 |
| composition of suberin-associated waxes from the subterranean storage organs of seven plants : parsnip, carrot, rutabaga, turnip, red beet, sweet potato and potato. | the waxes associated with the suberin in the periderm of the underground storage organs of parsnip (pastinaca sativa l.), carrot (daucus carota l.), rutabaga (brassica napobrassica mill.), turnip (brassica rapa l.), red beet (beta vulgaris l.), sweet potato (ipomoea batatas l.) and potato (solanum tuberosum l.) were isolated, fractionated into hydrocarbon, wax ester, free fatty alcohol and free fatty acid fractions, and analyzed by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. the amount of ... | 1980 | 24310190 |
| homology of plant peroxidases: an immunochemical approach. | antisera specific for the basic peroxidase from horseradish (amoracea rusticana) were used to examine homology among horseradish peroxidase isoenzymes and among basic peroxidases from root plants. the antisera cross-reacted with all tested isoperoxidases when measured by both agar diffusion and quantitative precipitin reactions. precipitin analyses provided quantitative measurements of homology among these plant peroxidases. the basic radish (raphanus sativus l. cv. cherry belle) peroxidase had ... | 1982 | 16662176 |
| agarose plating and a bead type culture technique enable and stimulate development of protoplast-derived colonies in a number of plant species. | two novel techniques improve division and colony formation from protoplasts: 1) plating in agarose stimulates colony formation of protoplasts from a wide range of species. protoplasts from nicotiana tabacum developed to colonies from lower initial population densities in agarose than in agar or liquid. protoplasts from hyoscyamus muticus which do not divide in agar divided and formed colonies in agarose at higher efficiencies than in liquid medium. 2) culture of gel embedded protoplasts in large ... | 1983 | 24258119 |
| the responses of isolated plant mitochondria to external nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. | the effects of added nad on substrate oxidation by turnip (brassica rapa l.) and beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) mitochondria were investigated. state 3 malate and 2-oxoglutarate oxidation rates with turnip mitochondria were stimulated 25 to 40% by external nad. following nad-depletion this stimulation by nad was increased to 70 to 80%. with purified beetroot mitochondria, state 3 malate and 2-oxoglutarate oxidation rates were only marginally increased (10-15%) by the addition of nad but after nad-d ... | 1986 | 16664861 |
| brassica taxonomy based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) : 2. preliminary analysis of subspecies within b. rapa (syn. campestris) and b. oleracea. | preliminary analysis using nuclear rflps provided evidence that subspecies within brassica rapa originated from two different centers. one center is in europe, represented by turnip and turnip rape from which the oilseed sarson was derived. a second center is in south china containing a variety of chinese vegetables of which pak choi and narinosa seem to be the most ancient forms. based on rflp data, the accessions of b. oleracea examined could be divided into three distinct groups, represented ... | 1988 | 24232282 |
| an analysis of the control of phosphorylation-coupled respiration in isolated plant mitochondria. | the control of phosphorylation-coupled respiration in isolated turnip (brassica rapa) mitochondria was investigated according to the principles of metabolic control analysis as developed by h. kacser and j. a. burns ([1973] symp soc exp biol 32: 65-104) and r. heinrich and t. a. rapoport ([1974] eur j biochem 42: 97-105). inhibitor titration studies were used to determine quantitatively the amount of control exerted by four individual processes-cytochrome bc(1), cytochrome oxidase, h(+)-atpase, ... | 1989 | 16666899 |
| studies on herbal aphrodisiacs used in arab system of medicine. | toxicity studies were conducted on brassica rapa, prunus amygdalus and zingiber officinale, used as aphrodisiacs in arab medicine. during acute toxicity test observations were made for 24 h where all these plants showed no toxicity. the animals were treated for 3 months in chronic treatment. external morphological changes, visceral toxicity, haematological changes, effects on average body weight, vital organ weight, sperm contents, sperm motility and sperm abnormalities were recorded. the averag ... | 1989 | 2589237 |
| the expression, localization, and effect of a human interferon in plants. | the orf ii of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) dna was replaced with the human ifn alpha d coding sequence to yield a stable camv strain designated ca524i. inoculation of turnip (brassica rapa cv "just right") with strain ca524i dna excised from plasmid pca524i resulted in the production of biologically active ifn alpha d in infected plants. this was also true for its mutant (ca562i) where one of the cys codons was deleted. ifn alpha d produced in planta did not hamper superinfection with a singl ... | 1989 | 2773316 |
| dna transfer from agrobacterium to zea mays or brassica by agroinfection is dependent on bacterial virulence functions. | dna transfer from agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil bacterium, to the non-host graminaceous monocotyle-donous plant zea mays, was analysed using the recently developed technique of agroinfection. agroinfection of z. mays with maize streak virus using strains of a. tumefaciens carrying mutations in the ptic58 virulence region showed an almost absolute dependence on the products of the bacterial virc genes. in contrast, agroinfection of the control host brassica rapa with cauliflower mosaic virus ... | 1989 | 2770696 |
| a gibberellin-deficient brassica mutant-rosette. | a single-gene mutant (rosette [ros/ros]) in which shoot growth and development are inhibited was identified from a rapid cycling line of brassica rapa (syn campestris). relative to normal plants, the mutant germinated slowly, had delayed or incomplete floral development, and reduced leaf, petiole, and internode growth. the exogenous application of ga(3) by foliar spray or directly to the shoot tip of rosette resulted in rapid flowering, bolting (shoot elongation), and viable seed production. sho ... | 1989 | 16666569 |
| a mutant gene that increases gibberellin production in brassica. | a single gene mutant (elongated internode [ein/ein]) with accelerated shoot elongation was identified from a rapid cycling line of brassica rapa. relative to normal plants, mutant plants had slightly accelerated floral development, greater stem dry weights, and particularly, increased internode and inflorescence elongation. the application of the triazole plant growth retardant, paclobutrazol, inhibited shoot elongation, returning ein to a more normal phenotype. conversely, exogenous gibberellin ... | 1990 | 16667574 |
| biological activities of racemomycin-b, beta-lysine rich streptothricin antibiotic, the main component of streptomyces lavendulae op-2. | racemomycin-b (rm-b), the main component of streptomyces lavendulae op-2 which is the basis of 50% of the antibiotics produced, is a streptothricin antibiotic which contains three beta-lysine moieties in the molecule. rm-b had antimicrobial activity against plant-pathogenic microorganisms and growth-inhibitory activity against the root of brassica rapa l. at the concentration of 50 ppm. it strongly inhibited the growth of pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci ifo-3508 (minimum inhibitory concentration ... | 1990 | 2177682 |
| phytogrowth-inhibitory and antibacterial activities of 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiane and its derivatives. | 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiane (i) and its derivatives (ii-iv) showed rather marked inhibitory activities on the growth of the roots of two plant species. all compounds tested had phytogrowth-inhibitory activities. these compounds markedly inhibited the growth of the two plant species at the concentration of 1.0 x 10(-3) m. seeds of brassica rapa treated with 2,5-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-1,4-dithiane (iii) and its diacetate (iv) at the same concentration failed to germinate. among these compounds, iv ... | 1990 | 2337944 |
| growth and development of brassica genotypes differing in endogenous gibberellin content. ii. gibberellin content, growth analyses and cell size. | three rapid cycling brassica rapa genotypes were grown in greenhouse conditions to investigate the possible relationships between endogenous gibberellin (ga) content and shoot growth. endogenous ga(1) ga(3) and ga(20) were extracted from stem samples harvested at 3 weekly intervals and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring, using [(2) h(2) ]-ga(1) and [(2) h(2) ]-ga(20) as quantitative internal standards. during the first 2 weeks, ga levels of the dwarf, r ... | 1990 | 21087279 |
| host regulation of the cauliflower mosaic virus multiplication cycle. | the dna genome of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) replicates in the cytoplasm of infected plant cells by reverse transcription of an rna template. viral rna is generated in the nucleus by transcription of an episomal minichromosome containing supercoiled dna. we have assessed the relative activities of the nuclear and cytoplasmic phases of the camv multiplication cycle by monitoring unencapsidated viral dna forms and polyadenylylated rnas in different organs of one host plant and in different ho ... | 1990 | 2308926 |
| growth and development of brassica genotypes differing in endogenous gibberellin content. i. leaf and reproductive development. | leaf and reproductive development were compared in 3 rapid cycling brassica rapa genotypes grown for 4 weeks under greenhouse conditions. the dwarf mutant, rosette (ros), is gibberellin (ga)-deficient, while the tall mutant, elongated internode (ein), has enhanced endogenous ga levels. germination was delayed in ros and a selection of a more severe form of ros, named dormant (do), has even more retarded germination and some seeds entirely fail to germinate. seeds of do and ros respond to exogeno ... | 1990 | 21087278 |
| cloning and sequencing of cdnas encoding a pathogen-induced putative peroxidase of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | we report here the complete amino acid sequence of a pathogen-induced putative peroxidase from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) as deduced from cdna clones representing mrna from leaves infected with the powdery mildew fungus erysiphe graminis. the protein consists of 312 amino acids, of which the first 22 form a putative signal sequence, and has a calculated pi of 5.7. sequence comparison revealed that the putative wheat peroxidase is most similar to the turnip (brassica rapa) peroxidase, with whic ... | 1991 | 1893103 |
| sequence and tissue-specific expression of a putative peroxidase gene from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | we have used a cdna clone encoding a pathogen-induced putative wheat peroxidase to screen a genomic library of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. cheyenne) and isolated one positive clone, lambda pox1. sequence analysis revealed that this clone contains a gene encoding a putative peroxidase with a calculated pi of 8.1 which exhibits 58% and 83% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of the turnip (brassica rapa) peroxidase and a pathogen-induced putative wheat peroxidase, respectively. the tw ... | 1991 | 1653627 |
| molecular systematics of brassica and allied genera (subtribe brassicinae, brassiceae) -chloroplast genome and cytodeme congruence. | chloroplast dna restriction sites for 20 endonucleases were mapped using cpdna probes from brassica juncea and site variation was surveyed in 33 diploid taxa of the subtribe brassicinae. a total of 419 mutations was observed, including both site (i.e., gain/ loss) and fragment length (i.e., insertions or deletions); 221 (53%) mutations showed variation at the interspecific level. phylogenetic analysis indicated a clear division of the subtribe into two ancient evolutionary lineages. these were ( ... | 1991 | 24212864 |
| photophysiology of the elongated internode (ein) mutant of brassica rapa: ein mutant lacks a detectable phytochrome b-like polypeptide. | several phytochrome-controlled processes have been examined in etiolated and light-grown seedlings of a normal genotype and the elongated internode (ein/ein) mutant of rapid-cycling brassica rapa. although etiolated ein seedlings displayed normal sensitivity to prolonged far-red light with respect to inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, expansion of cotyledons, and synthesis of anthocyanin, they displayed reduced sensitivity to prolonged red light for all three of these deetiolation responses. in ... | 1992 | 16653143 |
| modification of brassica seed oil by antisense expression of a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase gene. | molecular gene transfer techniques have been used to engineer the fatty acid composition of brassica rapa and brassica napus (canola) oil. stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (stearoyl-acp) desaturase (ec 1.14.99.6) catalyzes the first desaturation step in seed oil biosynthesis, converting stearoyl-acp to oleoyl-acp. seed-specific antisense gene constructs of b. rapa stearoyl-acp desaturase were used to reduce the protein concentration and enzyme activity of stearoyl-acp desaturase in developing rapes ... | 1992 | 1557366 |
| the activation process of arabidopsis thaliana a1 gene encoding the translation elongation factor ef-1 alpha is conserved among angiosperms. | in arabidopsis thaliana, the activation process of the a1 ef-1 alpha gene depends on several elements. using the gus reporter gene, transient expression experiments have shown that mutations of upstream cis-acting elements of the a1 promoter, or the deletion of an intron located within the 5' non-coding region, similarly affect expression in dicot or monocot protoplasts. the results reported here strongly suggest that this 5' intron is properly spliced in zea mays. we show that two trans-acting ... | 1992 | 1600144 |
| transformation and regeneration of brassica rapa using agrobacterium tumefaciens. | transformation and regeneration procedures for obtaining transgenic brassica rapa ssp. oleifera plants are described. regeneration frequencies were increasedby using silver nitrate and by adjusting the duration of exposure to 2,4-d. for transformation, agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha101 containing a binary plasmid with the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (npt ii) and the b-glucuronidase gene (gus) was cocultivated with hypocotyl explants from the oilseed b. rapa cvs. tobin and emma. transf ... | 1992 | 24213157 |
| embryogenesis and plant regeneration from isolated microspores of brassica rapa l. ssp. oleifera. | conditions favourable to embryogenesis from isolated microspores of brassica rapa l. ssp. oleifera (canola quality) were identified. a population with enhanced responsiveness for microspore embryogenesis (c200) was synthesized by crossing individual plants showing microspore embryogenic potential. for optimal microspore embryogenesis, buds (2-3mm in length, containing mid-late uninucieate microspores) were collected from older plants (2 months old) and microspores isolated and washed in iron-fre ... | 1992 | 24202990 |
| artificial selection on trichome number in brassica rapa. | we examined genetic variation for trichome production in a rapid-cycling population of brassica rapa by conducting a selection experiment and by growing progeny from maternal seed families. data from the maternal families were also used to estimate the genetic correlations between trichome number and (1) number of days to first flower and (2) flower production. for seven generations, 10% of the plants were selected from low, high and control lines with 100 individuals per line per generation. th ... | 1992 | 24202739 |
| non-essential repeats in the promoter region of a brassica rapa acyl carrier protein gene expressed in developing embryos. | a genomic clone of an acyl carrier protein gene (bcg4-4) which is highly expressed in developing embryos of brassica rapa was isolated and sequenced. the promoter and transcription terminator regions of bcg4-4 were used to express a beta-glucuronidase reporter gene in transgenic rapeseed. deletion of repeated domains in the promoter region did not lower beta-glucuronidase expression in seeds. | 1992 | 1536931 |
| the cost of defense against herbivores: an experimental study of trichome production in brassica rapa. | 1993 | 19426086 | |
| replication and encapsidation of the viroid-like satellite rna of lucerne transient streak virus are supported in divergent hosts by cocksfoot mottle virus and turnip rosette virus. | cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus supports replication and encapsidation of the viroid-like satellite rna (sat-rna) of lucerne transient streak virus (ltsv) in two monocotyledonous species, triticum aestivum and dactylis glomerata. additionally, ltsv sat-rna replicates effectively in the presence of turnip rosette sobemovirus in brassica rapa, raphanus raphanistrum and sinapsis arvensis, but not in thlaspi arvense or nicotiana bigelovii, indicating that host species markedly influence this interactio ... | 1993 | 7682254 |
| selected components of the shade-avoidance syndrome are displayed in a normal manner in mutants of arabidopsis thaliana and brassica rapa deficient in phytochrome b. | several growth parameters associated with the phytochrome-mediated shade avoidance syndrome have been measured in seedlings and mature plants of a wild-type and a hy3 mutant of arabidopsis thaliana deficient in phytochrome b. growth parameters were compared in plants grown in either white light (high red:far-red [r:fr] ratio) or white light plus added far-red (fr) light (low r:fr ratio). wild-type arabidopsis exhibited increased hypocotyl and petiole extension under a low, compared with a high, ... | 1993 | 12231894 |
| mapping of rflp and qualitative trait loci in brassica rapa and comparison to the linkage maps of b. napus, b. oleracea, and arabidopsis thaliana. | a linkage map of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) was constructed for oilseed, brassica rapa, using anonymous genomic dna and cdna clones from brassica and cloned genes from the crucifer arabidopsis thaliana. we also mapped genes controlling the simply inherited traits, yellow seeds, low seed erucic acid, and pubescence. the map included 139 rflp loci organized into ten linkage groups (lgs) and one small group covering 1785 cm. each of the three traits mapped to a single locus o ... | 1994 | 24178100 |
| electron microscopic and molecular characterization of turnip vein-clearing virus. | we recently isolated turnip vein-clearing virus (tvcv), a tobamovirus which causes vein clearing in brassica rapa (turnip) and a mosaic in nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). we present an electron microscopic and molecular characterization of tvcv. viral particles from lower epidermis peel contained rod-shaped viral particles, typical of tobamoviruses. viral rna extracted from infected turnip leaves was used as template for cdna synthesis prior to cloning in a plasmid vector. inserts of selected cdna ... | 1994 | 7998835 |
| molecular cloning of a cdna from brassica napus l. for a homologue of acyl-coa-binding protein. | a cdna encoding an acyl-coa-binding protein (acbp) homologue has been cloned from a lambda gt11 library made from mrna isolated from developing seeds of oilseed rape (brassica napus l.). the derived amino acid sequence reveals a protein 92 amino acids in length which is highly conserved when compared with acbp sequences from yeast, cow, man and fruit fly. southern blot analysis of brassica napus genomic dna revealed the presence of 6 genes, 3 derived from the brassica rapa parent and 3 from bras ... | 1994 | 8075407 |
| evaluation of brassicas in grazing systems for sheep: ii. blood composition and nutrient status. | blood composition of lambs grazing brassicas and stockpiled grass or grass-clover pastures in the fall of 4 yr was monitored to assess possible effects of plant metabolites (e.g., glucosinolates, s-methyl cysteine sulfoxide) on health and performance. serum thyroxine (t4) concentrations in lambs grazing brassicas decreased upon initiation of grazing, with a subsequent recovery, and concentrations were increased by oral dosing with i or i+cuo. serum triiodothyronine (t3) increased gradually with ... | 1994 | 7928763 |
| biochemical characterization of temperature-induced changes in lipid metabolism in a high oleic acid mutant of brassica rapa. | we have characterized a brassica rapa mutant (wr586) that has low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (d.l. auld et al., 1992, crop sci. 32, 657-662). the mutant lacked oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine desaturase (ods) activity when assayed in 6-day-old seedlings. to further characterize the mutant, the leaf fatty acid composition and major galactolipids and phospholipids were characterized in mutant (wr586) and control (cultivar "tobin") plants grown at either 26 degrees c/26 degrees c or 10 degree ... | 1994 | 7979400 |
| impact of mating design on selection response in brassica rapa l. | the impact of four mating designs on selection response for leaf area was assessed at four different population sizes, using fast-cycling brassica rapa l. mating designs were either balanced (partial diallel or pair mating) or unbalanced (factorial mating designs with either one or two testers). when balanced, the mating designs required different numbers of crossings for the same number of parents: the partial diallel design, in the configuration retained here, required three times as many cros ... | 1994 | 24178021 |
| proteolytic removal of the c-terminal transmembrane region of cytochrome f during extraction from turnip and charlock leaves generates a water-soluble monomeric form of the protein. | water-soluble, monomeric cytochrome f purified from leaves of turnip (brassica rapa) and charlock (sinapis arvensis) is approximately 3 kda smaller than the protein in chloroplast thylakoid membranes determined by sds/page. sequencing the n-terminal and c-terminal regions of the monomeric protein, by automated edman degradation and carboxypeptidase p digestion, suggested the loss of 33 amino acid residues at the c-terminus by comparison to sequences of cytochrome f from other higher plants. this ... | 1994 | 8055917 |
| embryogenesis and plant regeneration of pakchoi (brassica rapa l. ssp. chinensis) via in vitro isolated microspore culture. | isolated microspores of various populations of three varieties of the chinese cabbage pakchoi (brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) were cultivated in vitro on nln82 medium (lichter 1982) and embryos and plantlets obtained with nine cultivars. the best embryo yield per bud was 57.4. a 33°c one day heat treatment was generally necessary to induce embryogenesis. analysis of ploidy level through flow cytometry for two cultivars indicated that haploids were present. | 1994 | 24194023 |
| inheritance in turnip of variable-number tandem-repeat genetic markers revealed with synthetic repetitive dna probes. | oligomers (16-26 mers) composed of short, tandemly repeated dna sequences (3-10 bases) were used individually with their complementary oligomer in separate polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) that extended the number of repeats to make 15 different pcr synthetic tandem-repeat (str) probes. these pcr-str probes were used to examine the inheritance of variable-number tandem-repeat (vntr) genetic markers from two parent plants of turnip (brassica rapa l.) to 20 offspring. following hinfi digestion an ... | 1994 | 24178090 |
| molecular marker analysis of genes controlling morphological variation in brassica rapa (syn. campestris). | construction of a detailed rflp linkage map of b. rapa (syn. campestris) made it possible, for the first time, to study individual genes controlling quantitative traits in this species. ninety-five f2 individuals from a cross of chinese cabbage cv 'michihili' by spring broccoli were analyzed for segregation at 220 rflp loci and for variation in leaf, stem, and flowering characteristics. the number, location, and magnitude of genes underlying 28 traits were determined by using an interval mapping ... | 1995 | 24173777 |
| seed predation, pathogen infection and life-history traits in brassica rapa. | herbivory and disease can shape the evolution of plant populations, but their joint effects are rarely investigated. families of plants of brassica rapa (brassicaceae) were grown from seeds collected in two naturalized populations in an experimental garden. we examined leaf infection by the fungus alternaria, seed predation by a gall midge (cecidomyiidae) and plant life-history traits. plants from one population had heavier seeds, were more likely to flower, had less fungal infection, had more s ... | 1995 | 28306843 |
| evaluation of brassica rapa l. genotypes for microspore culture response and identification of a highly embryogenic line. | isolated microspore culture techniques are being widely used in brassica breeding programs to generate haploid and doubled haploid plants. a number of factors influence regeneration response in vitro including genotype. in order to assess the effect of genotype on microspore embryogenesis in b. rapa l. var. oleifera, 17 cultivars and breeding lines were evaluated. embryos developed from all but one genotype when using nln medium with 17% sucrose, followed by a reduction in sucrose concentration ... | 1995 | 24185601 |
| structure and comparative analysis of the rdna intergenic spacer of brassica rapa. implications for the function and evolution of the cruciferae spacer. | the sequence of the intergenic spacer (igs) of the brassica rapa rdna was determined and compared with those of other cruciferae species. in the 3012-bp igs, two segments of mostly unique sequence flank a 1.5-kb region consisting of two tandem arrays of repeats. a putative transcription initiation site (tis) was identified by sequence comparison, 395 bp downstream from the repeat region. the intercalating segment displays unusual sequence patterns, and modelling of its topology predicts intrinsi ... | 1995 | 7744079 |
| trace gases generated in closed plant cultivation systems and their effects on plant growth. | interactions between plants and trace gases, especially ethylene, were investigated from two different viewpoints; ethylene is toxic for plant growth, whereas the ethylene release rate of plants can be utilized as a plant growth indicator. when lettuce plants and shiitake mushroom mycelium were cultivated in closed chambers, ethylene concentration increased with time. ethylene was released both from lettuce plant and from shiitake mushroom mycelium. dioctyl phthalate (dop) and dibutyl phthalate ... | 1995 | 11541892 |
| identification of a rapd marker for palmitic-acid concentration in the seed oil of spring turnip rape (brassica rapa ssp. oleifera). | f2 progeny (105 individuals) from the cross jo4002 x sv3402 were used to identify dna markers associated with palmitic-acid content in spring turnip rape (brassica rapa ssp. oleifera). qtl mapping and anova analysis of 140 markers exposed one linkage group with a locus controlling palmitic-acid content (lod score 27), and one rapd (random amplified polymorphic dna) marker, opb-11a, closely linked (1.4 cm) to this locus. palmitic-acid content in the 62 f2 plants with the visible allele of marker ... | 1995 | 24169838 |
| horizontal transfer in the phytopathogenic fungal genus leptosphaeria and host-range expansion. | all isolates examined of the phytopathogenic fungus leptosphaeria maculans that are aggressive to brassica napus and brassica rapa have a repetitive element, lmr1. horizontal transfer of lmr1 to an isolate of a closely related species of leptosphaeria correlates with the expansion of the host range of this isolate to include brassica juncea. | 1995 | 7627459 |
| a cdna clone encoding an ige-binding protein from brassica anther has significant sequence similarity to ca(2+)-binding proteins. | thirteen cdna clones encoding ige-binding proteins were isolated from expression libraries of anthers of brassica rapa l. and b. napus l. using serum ige from a patient who was specifically allergic to brassica pollen. these clones were divided into two groups, i and ii, based on the sequence similarity. all the group i cdnas predicted the same protein of 79 amino acids, while the group ii predicted a protein of 83 amino acids with microheterogeneity. both of the deduced amino acid sequences con ... | 1995 | 8616215 |
| genetics of brassica rapa (syn. campestris). 2. multiple disease resistance to three fungal pathogens: peronospora parasitica, albugo candida and leptosphaeria maculans. | although the genetic basis of multiple disease resistance (mdr) is poorly understood, it is of great value for understanding the evolution of disease resistance in natural plant populations and for increasing crop yields in agriculture. in brassica rapa, we studied genetic correlations among levels of disease resistance to three fungal pathogens: peronospora parasitica, albugo candida and leptosphaeria maculans. a large, replicated quantitative genetics experiment used artificial selection on re ... | 1995 | 7591832 |
| responses of some common cruciferae to root-knot nematodes. | ten cultivated plants of the family cruciferae were evaluated for susceptibility to meloidogyne arenaria race 1, m. incognita races 1 and 3, and m. javanica in a series of four separate greenhouse tests. after 62-64 days, or 1,032-1,072 degree days (10 c base), several of the crops evaluated showed moderate to severe levels of galling (> 3.0 on 0-5 scale) and moderate numbers of egg masses (>2.0 on 0-5 scale) in response to each of the nematode species and races. among the plants tested, collard ... | 1995 | 19277321 |
| mapping loci controlling vernalization requirement in brassica rapa. | brassica cultivars are classified as biennial or annual based on their requirement for a period of cold treatment (vernalization) to induce flowering. genes controlling the vernalization requirement were identified in a brassica rapa f2 population derived from a cross between an annual and a biennial oilseed cultivar by using an rflp linkage map and quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis of flowering time in f3 lines. two genomic regions were strongly associated with variation for flowering tim ... | 1995 | 24170058 |
| inheritance and expression patterns of bn28, a low temperature induced gene in brassica napus, throughout the brassicaceae. | molecular genetics is becoming an important tool in the breeding and selection of agronomically important traits. bn28 is a low temperature induced gene in brassicaceae species. pcr and southern blot analysis indicate that bn28 is polymorphic in the three diploid genomes: brassica rapa (aa), brassica nigra (bb), and brassica oleracea (cc). of the allotetraploids, brassica napus (aacc) is the only species to have inherited homologous genes from both parental genomes. brassica juncea (aabb) and br ... | 1996 | 18469930 |
| mapping of a qtl for oleic acid concentration in spring turnip rape (brassica rapa ssp. oleifera). | bulk segregant analysis was used to search for rapd (random amplified polymorphic dna) markers linked to gene(s) affecting oleic acid concentration in an f2 population from the brassica rapa ssp. oleifera cross jo4002 x a high oleic acid individual from line jo4072. eight primers (=8 markers) out of 104 discriminated the 'high' and 'low' bulks consisting of extreme individuals from the oleic acid distribution. these markers were analysed throughout the entire f2 population, and their association ... | 1996 | 24166621 |
| the brassica rapa elongated internode (ein) gene encodes phytochrome b. | the elongated internode (ein) mutation of brassica rapa leads to a deficiency in immunochemically detectable phytochrome b. molecular analysis of the phyb gene from ein indicates a deletion in the flanking dna 5' of the atg start codon, which could interfere either with phyb transcription or processing of the phyb transcript. restriction fragment length polymorphisms and inverse pcr fragments generated from the phyb gene of wild-type and ein seedlings demonstrate the deletion to be 500 bp in len ... | 1997 | 9225864 |
| purification and characterization of ferredoxin-sulfite reductase from turnip (brassica rapa) leaves and comparison of properties with ferredoxin-sulfite reductase from turnip roots. | ferredoxin-sulfite reductase (fd-sir) [hydrogen-sulfide: ferredoxin oxidoreductase, ec 1.8.7.1] from turnip leaves (sir-l) has been purified to homogeneity and its enzymatic properties compared with that from turnip roots (sir-r). each enzyme had a molecular mass of 64.5 +/- 0.5 kda by sds-page and an isoelectric point of 5.15 +/- 0.05. although each had a ph optimum around 7.8 with the same effects of inhibitors, sir-l had higher heat stability at 60 degrees c than sir-r. moreover, sir-r had a ... | 1997 | 9339549 |
| a garden study of the effects of ultraviolet-b radiation on pollination success and lifetime female fitness in brassica. | while a large number of studies have examined the effects of increased ultraviolet-b radiation (uv-b) on growth and physiological function of plants, uv-b effects on pollination success and fitness are poorly understood. to examine this question, we measured growth, timing of flowering, pollination success, production of pollen, ovules, flowers, fruits, and seeds, and quality of offspring produced by brassica nigra and b. rapa in a garden experiment. a total of 313 plants of the two species were ... | 1997 | 28308134 |
| evolution of sine s1 retroposons in cruciferae plant species. | the s1 element is a plant short interspersed element (sine) that was first described and studied in brassica napus. in this work, we investigated the distribution and the molecular phylogeny of the s1 element within the cruciferae (= brassicaceae). s1 elements were found to be widely distributed within the cruciferae, especially in species of the tribe brassiceae. the molecular phylogeny of s1 elements in eight cruciferae species (brassica oleracea, brassica rapa, brassica napus, brassica nigra, ... | 1997 | 9287426 |
| chromosomal localization and characterization of rdna loci in the brassica a and c genomes. | using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we located ribosomal dna loci on prometaphase chromosomes of the diploid species brassica rapa and brassica oleracea and their amphidiploid brassica napus. based on comparisons of chromosome morphology and hybridization patterns, we characterized the individual b. napus rdna loci according to their presumed origins in the brassica a and c genomes. as reported in other studies, the sum of rdna loci observed on b. rapa (aa genome) and b. oleracea (cc genom ... | 1997 | 18464849 |
| conserved patterns of chromosome pairing and recombination in brassica napus crosses. | the patterns of chromosome pairing and recombination in two contrasting brassica napus f1 hybrids were deduced. one hybrid was from a winter oilseed rape (wosr) x spring oilseed rape cross, the other from a resynthesized b. napus x wosr cross. segregation at 211 equivalent loci assayed in the population derived from each hybrid produced two collinear genetic maps. alignment of the maps indicated that b. napus chromosomes behaved reproducibly as 19 homologous pairs and that the 19 distinct chromo ... | 1997 | 18464842 |
| comparison of flowering time genes in brassica rapa, b. napus and arabidopsis thaliana. | the major difference between annual and biennial cultivars of oilseed brassica napus and b. rapa is conferred by genes controlling vernalization-responsive flowering time. these genes were compared between the species by aligning the map positions of flowering time quantitative trait loci (qtls) detected in a segregating population of each species. the results suggest that two major qtls identified in b. rapa correspond to two major qtls identified in b. napus. since b. rapa is one of the hypoth ... | 1997 | 9215913 |
| nutritional evaluation of low glucosinolate mustard meals (brassica juncea) in broiler diets. | experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of meal derived from low glucosinolate cultivars of mustard (brassica juncea) in comparison to samples of canola meal (brassica napus, brassica rapa). samples of brassica seed (four b. juncea, one b. napus, and one b. rapa) were processed using laboratory procedures to produce oil-extracted meals, which were examined for composition (dm basis), and nutritional value for broiler chickens as judged by nutrient retention (amen, ileal prot ... | 1997 | 9276890 |
| multi-functional acetyl-coa carboxylase from brassica napus is encoded by a multi-gene family: indication for plastidic localization of at least one isoform. | three genes coding for different multifunctional acetyl-coa carboxylase (accase; ec 6.4.1.2) isoenzymes from brassica napus were isolated and divided into two major classes according to structural features in their 5' regions: class i comprises two genes with an additional coding exon of approximately 300 bp at the 5' end, and class ii is represented by one gene carrying an intron of 586 bp in its 5' untranslated region. fusion of the peptide sequence encoded by the additional first exon of a cl ... | 1997 | 9096417 |
| expression of a gene for a protein similar to hiv-1 tat binding protein 1 (tbp1) in floral organs of brassica rapa. | a cdna for a protein similar to human immunodeficiency virus tat binding protein was isolated from an anther cdna library of brassica rapa. rna in situ analysis in flower buds showed that the gene for this cdna was specifically expressed in the tapetum and middle layer of anthers and pollen. | 1997 | 9327593 |
| epigenetic silencing of rna polymerase i transcription: a role for dna methylation and histone modification in nucleolar dominance. | nucleolar dominance is an epigenetic phenomenon that describes nucleolus formation around rrna genes inherited from only one progenitor of an interspecific hybrid or allopolyploid. the phenomenon is widespread, occurring in plants, insects, amphibians, and mammals, yet its molecular basis remains unclear. we have demonstrated nucleolar dominance in three allotetraploids of the plant genus brassica. in brassica napus, accurately initiated pre-rrna transcripts from one progenitor, brassica rapa ar ... | 1997 | 9284051 |
| molecular characterization of s locus genes, slg and srk, in a pollen-recessive self-incompatibility haplotype of brassica rapa l. | in brassica species that exhibit self-incompatibility, two genes, slg and srk, at the s locus are involved in the recognition reaction with self and non-self pollen. from a pollen-recessive s29 haplotype of brassica rapa, both cdna and genomic dna clones for these two genes were isolated and characterized. the nucleotide sequence for the s domain of srk29 showed a high degree of similarity with that of slg29, and they belong to class ii type. rna gel blot analysis showed that the transcript of s ... | 1998 | 9649545 |
| the biosynthesis of erucic acid in developing embryos of brassica rapa | the prevailing hypothesis on the biosynthesis of erucic acid in developing seeds is that oleic acid, produced in the plastid, is activated to oleoyl-coenzyme a (coa) for malonyl-coa-dependent elongation to erucic acid in the cytosol. several in vivo-labeling experiments designed to probe and extend this hypothesis are reported here. to examine whether newly synthesized oleic acid is directly elongated to erucic acid in developing seeds of brassica rapa l., embryos were labeled with [14c]acetate, ... | 1998 | 9733537 |
| molecular cloning of a cdna encoding a pollen extracellular protein as a potential source of a pollen allergen in brassica rapa. | a polyclonal antiserum was raised against the extracellular pollen proteins of brassica rapa and used for screening the expression cdna libraries made from immature anthers. we obtained five groups of cdna clones, including cdnas similar to pcp1, thioredoxin, and lipid transfer protein (ltp). recombinant protein of the cdna clone showing sequence similarity to ltp was demonstrated to bind ige of a patient allergic to brassica pollen. the cdna clone reported here, therefore, represents a novel po ... | 1998 | 9539157 |
| one step beyond lethal equivalents: characterization of deleterious loci in the rapid cycling brassica rapa l. base population. | the total number of lethal equivalents as defined by morton, crow and muller (1956) is a function of three parameters: m, the number of loci at which deleterious mutations can occur, q, the frequency of the deleterious alleles at each locus, and s, their selective value. a new approach based on multi-generation inbreeding data is outlined and used to infer these three parameters as well as the dominance coefficient, h, in a self-incompatible species, brassica rapa l. germination and flowering da ... | 1998 | 16220375 |
| a study of deleterious gene structure in plants using markov chain monte carlo. | the characteristics of deleterious genes have been of great interest in both theory and practice in genetics. because of the complex genetic mechanism of these deleterious genes, most current studies try to estimate the overall magnitude of mortality effects on a population, which is characterized classically by the number of lethal equivalents. this number is a combination of several parameters, each of which has a distinct biological effect on genetic mortality. in conservation and breeding pr ... | 1999 | 11318190 |
| some characteristics of photosynthetic apparatus under conditions of spaceflight. | during colonization of space by humans, the bioregenerative life-support systems on board the space ships will require the plants with a highly efficient photosynthesis, a process producing food and o2 and removing co2-therefore, in recent years the scientists increasingly focus the their attention to study on photosynthetic apparatus of plants grown in space. although the available data are quite scanty and, at times, controversial, it is considered that the space grown plants differ from aroun ... | 1999 | 11542989 |
| dna content and differentiation of root apical cells of brassica rapa plants grown in microgravity. | root cap is proposed to be a graviperceptive tissue in the plant root, and it is composed of several cell types. one such cell type, the columella cells, are thought to initiate the gravity-induced signal transduction cascade, and these cells arise from the activity of the meristematic zone of the root cap. there is, in fact, a continuum of cells in the central column of the root cap representing the meristematic cells, developing columella cells, mature cells, and those that will soon be slough ... | 1999 | 11542985 |
| spaceflight effects on structural and some biochemical parameters of brassica rapa photosynthetic apparatus. | chloroplasts play a crucial role in sustaining life on earth by their dual property in performing the primary fixation of carbon and also in releasing oxygen for use in respiration. collection of light and its transformation into chemical energy occurs in a thylakoid membrane which is one of the most remarkable transducing systems in the biological world. in order for the light-dependent reactions could take place, a high degree of molecular organization of its constituents is needed. some resul ... | 1999 | 11543044 |
| ultrastructural observation of altered chloroplast morphology in space-grown brassica rapa cotyledons. | photosynthesis will be indispensable in a bioregenerative life-support systems for long space missions. it is critical understand the effects of space on this complex process, especially the loss of gravity. past has noted changes in plant growth and development; differences about cell size, shape, division, and differentiation; and plastid distribution and structure alterations. the amyloplast-containing columelar cells in root tips were carefully examined since they are likely gravity-sensing ... | 1999 | 11543043 |
| increased allergen production in turnip (brassica rapa) by treatments activating defense mechanisms. | practical applications to enhance the productivity of agriculture by using plants with improved resistance to pathogens are expected to increase in the near future. defense proteins play an important role in pathogen resistance, and some defense-related proteins are significant cross-reacting allergens. for example, cross-allergies are common among patients allergic to natural rubber latex (nrl), which contains many defense-related proteins. | 1999 | 10400861 |
| [biological life support systems: investigations on board of orbital complex "mir"]. | from 1989 till 1998 twelve experiments were performed by bulgarian, russian, slovak, and us researchers and engineers on the effects of space flight on the model of ecosystem "algae-fishes-bacteria", and ontogenesis of birds (japanese quail) and higher plants. for the first time several viable chicks were hatched and passed the whole cycle of their embryonic development in the mir microgravity. the length of the plant ontogenetic cycle as a whole and its specific stages appeared to be same as on ... | 1999 | 10330564 |
| soil-based phytotoxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) to terrestrial higher plants | seed germination and early stage seedling growth tests were conducted to determine the ecotoxicological threshold of 2,4, 6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) in two soils of different properties. soils were amended up to 1,600 mg tnt kg-1 soil and four representative species of higher plants, two dicotyledons (lepidium sativum l., common name: cress; and brassica rapa metzg., turnip) and two monocotyledons (acena sativa l., oat; and triticum aestivum l., wheat), were assessed. cumulative seed germination an ... | 1999 | 9888960 |
| introduction of slg (s locus glycoprotein) alters the phenotype of endogenous s haplotype, but confers no new s haplotype specificity in brassica rapa l. | self-incompatibility (si) in brassicaceae is genetically controlled by the s locus complex in which s locus glycoprotein (slg) and s receptor kinase (srk) genes have been identified, and these two genes encoding stigma proteins are believed to play important roles in si recognition reaction. here we introduced the slg43 gene of brassica rapa into a self-incompatible cultivar, osome, of b. rapa, and examined the effect of this transgene on the si behavior of the transgenic plants. preliminary pol ... | 1999 | 10480389 |
| comparative analysis of s haplotypes with very similar slg alleles in brassica rapa and brassica oleracea. | self-incompatibility in brassica is controlled by a single multi-allelic locus (the s locus) which harbors at least two highly polymorphic genes, slg and srk. srk is a putative transmembrane receptor kinase and its amino acid sequence of the extracellular domain of srk (the s domain) exhibits high homology to that of slg. the amino acid sequences of the slgs of s8 and s46 haplotypes of b. rapa are very similar and those of s23 and s29 haplotypes of b. oleracea were also found to be almost identi ... | 1999 | 10069069 |
| low probability of chloroplast movement from oilseed rape (brassica napus) into wild brassica rapa. | pollen-mediated movement of transgenes from transplastomic oilseed rape (brassica napus) into wild relatives will be avoided if chloroplasts are maternally transmitted. we assess the probability of chloroplast exchange between conventional oilseed rape and wild brassica rapa to model the future behavior of transplastomic cultivars. primers specific to cpdna were used to demonstrate maternal inheritance of chloroplasts in 47 natural hybrids between cultivated b. napus and wild b. rapa. we conclud ... | 1999 | 10207890 |
| oxygen-depleted zones inside reproductive structures of brassicaceae: implications for oxygen control of seed development. | growth of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. in decreasing oxygen partial pressures revealed a linear decrease in seed production below 15 kpa, with a complete absence of seed production at 2.5 kpa oxygen. this control of plant reproduction by oxygen had previously been attributed to an oxygen effect on the partitioning between vegetative and reproductive growth. however, plants grown in a series of decreasing oxygen concentrations produced progressively smaller embryos that had stopped developing ... | 1999 | 11542918 |
| development of amplified consensus genetic markers (acgm) in brassica napus from arabidopsis thaliana sequences of known biological function. | a method for the development of consensus genetic markers between species of the same taxonomic family is described in this paper. it is based on the conservation of the peptide sequences and on the potential polymorphism within non-coding sequences. six loci sequenced from arabidopsis thaliana, ag, lfy3, ap3, fad7, fad3, and adh, were analysed for one ecotype of a. thaliana, four lines of brassica napus, and one line for each parental species, brassica oleracea and brassica rapa. positive ampli ... | 1999 | 10382288 |
| probing host-selective phytotoxicity: synthesis and biological activity of phomalide, isophomalide, and dihydrophomalide. | the cyclic depsipeptide phomalide [cyclo(val-(e)-aba-hpp-hmp-(r)-leu); aba = 2-amino-2-butenoic acid, hpp = (2s)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid, hmp = (2s)-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid] is the host-selective phytotoxin produced by the fungus [leptosphaeria maculans (desm.) ces. et de not., asexual stage phoma lingam (tode ex fr.) desm.] which causes blackleg disease (a devastating disease of several economically important brassica crops). efficient total syntheses of phomalide, its (z)-iso ... | 1999 | 11674233 |
| [rapd-markers linked to the locus for resistance to the race 4 pathogen for black rot, xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (pamm.) dow., in brassica rapa l]. | association between the rapd markers and the resistance to race 4 of the black rot causative agent was studied in brassica rapa l. experiments were carried out using doubled haploid lines, obtained via crosses between the race 4-susceptible fodder turnip and resistant pak-choi, and the f2 progeny of the crosses between the doubled haploid lines with contrasting resistance. the we(22)980 rapd marker inherited from the pak-choi and associated with the clubroot susceptibility was also linked to the ... | 2000 | 10779910 |