| enhanced green fluorescence by the expression of an aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein mutant in mono- and dicotyledonous plant cells. | the expression of the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (gfp) in plants was analyzed by transient expression in protoplasts from nicotiana tabacum, arabidopsis thaliana, hordeum vulgare, and zea mays. expression of gfp was only observed with a mutated cdna, from which a recently described cryptic splice site had been removed. however, detectable levels of green fluorescence were only emitted from a small number of protoplasts. therefore, other mutations in the gfp cdna leading to single-amino ... | 1996 | 8650188 |
| are flavonoids synthesized by a multi-enzyme complex? | an enormous variety of metabolic processes are characterized by enzyme complexes, which are likely to play important roles in directing the efficient operation and specificity of cellular metabolism. in many cases membranes or cytoskeletal elements provide scaffolding for these highly ordered assemblies of enzymes. biochemical and immunocytochemical studies indicate that the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway of higher plants involves a complex of sequentially-acting enzymes localized at the cytopla ... | 1996 | 8652129 |
| cla1, a novel gene required for chloroplast development, is highly conserved in evolution. | an albino mutant designated cla1-1 (for "cloroplastos alterados', or "altered chloroplasts') has been isolated from a t-dna-generated library of arabidopsis thaliana. in cla1-1 plants, chloroplast development is arrested at an early stage. cla1-1 plants behave like wild-type in their capacity to etiolate and produce anthocyanins indicating that the light signal transduction pathway seems to be unaffected. genetic and molecular analyses show that the disruption of a single gene, cla1, by the t-dn ... | 1996 | 8653115 |
| transgenic tobacco plants expressing the arabidopsis thaliana nitrilase ii enzyme. | nitrilase (e.c. 3.5.5.1) cloned from arabidopsis thaliana converts indole-3-acetonitrile to the plant growth hormone, indole-3-acetic acid in vitro. to probe the capacity of ths enzyme under physiological conditions in vivo, the cdna pm255, encoding nitrilase ii, was stably integrated into the genome of nicotiana tabacum by direct protoplast transformation under the control of the camv-35s promotor. the regenerated plants appeared phenotypically normal. nitrilase ii was expressed, based on the o ... | 1996 | 8653117 |
| detailed description of four yac contigs representing 17 mb of chromosome 4 of arabidopsis thaliana ecotype columbia. | the detailed arrangement of 563 yac clones comprising four contigs covering approximately 17 mbp of chromosome 4 is presented. yac clones were positioned relative to each other and to markers by taking into account marker and end fragment hybridization data and the sizes of all yac clones. this analysis made it possible to estimate physical distances between the majority of chromosome 4 markers. it also identified a relatively large number of yac clones containing chimaeric inserts. the yac cont ... | 1996 | 8653121 |
| protease inhibitor studies and cloning of a serine carboxypeptidase cdna from germinating seeds of pea (pisum sativum l.). | the nature of the proteolytic activity found within the germinating pea (pisum sativum) seed, 4 days from the initiation of imbibition, was determined by the use of specific protease inhibitors. these studies have shown most of the activity to belong to metallo or metal-activated and serine proteases. in order to investigate further the serine protease activity, a pea cotyledon germination cdna library was, therefore, screened with a wheat cdna (2437) [baulcombe, d.c., barker, r.f. & jarvis, m.g ... | 1996 | 8654403 |
| sequence of the bchg gene from chloroflexus aurantiacus: relationship between chlorophyll synthase and other polyprenyltransferases. | the sequence of the chloroflexus aurantiacus open reading frame thought to be the c. aurantiacus homolog of the rhodobacter capsulatus bchg gene is reported. the bchg gene product catalyzes esterification of bacteriochlorophyllide a by geranylgeraniol-ppi during bacteriochlorophyll a biosynthesis. homologs from arabidopsis thaliana, synechocystis sp. strain pcc6803, and c. aurantiacus were identified in database searches. profile analysis identified three related polyprenyltransferase enzymes wh ... | 1996 | 8655525 |
| cis-regulatory elements of the peroxidase gene in arabidopsis thaliana involved in root-specific expression and responsiveness to high-salt stress. | the pattern of organ-specific expression of arabidopsis thaliana peroxidase was similar to that in horseradish. tobacco plants transformed with the gus gene fused to the -580 bp deletion (ea-580) of a. thaliana exhibited high gus expression in roots. gel retardation and footprinting analyses showed that at least three domains of fragment between -172 and -1 bp have cis-acting element activities. several physiological functions for plant peroxidases have been suggested; for example, a metabolic a ... | 1996 | 8659887 |
| characterization of an acyl-coa-binding protein from arabidopsis thaliana. | a cdna clone was obtained from arabidopsis thaliana that encodes a protein containing 92 amino acid residues with high sequence identity (57%) to bovine acyl-coa-binding protein (acbp). the coding sequence of this clone was expressed in escherichia coli and the gene product (10.4 kda) was purified. the recombinant a. thaliana acbp (rathacbp) was shown to bind acyl-coa esters and protect acyl-coas from degradation by microsomal acyl-hydrolases. antibodies that were raised to rathacbp recognized t ... | 1996 | 8660683 |
| two classes of plant cdna clones differentially complement yeast calcineurin mutants and increase salt tolerance of wild-type yeast. | the salt-sensitive phenotype of yeast cells deficient in the phosphoprotein phosphatase, calcineurin, was used to identify genes from the higher plant arabidopsis thaliana that complement this phenotype. cdna clones corresponding to two different sequences, designated sto (salt tolerance) and stz (salt tolerance zinc finger), were found to increased tolerance of calcineurin mutants and of wild-type yeast to both li+ and na+ ions. stz is related to cys2/his2-type zinc-finger proteins found in hig ... | 1996 | 8662738 |
| phenotypic and genotypic variation in the interaction between arabidopsis thaliana and albugo candida. | two biotrophic parasites of the wild crucifer arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh, are being used to explore the molecular basis and evolution of genotype-spcific recognition and host defense. genes for recognition of peronospora parasitica (downy mildew) are numerous in a. thaliana and located on four of the five chromosomes as described previously. genes for recognition of the closely related parasite albugo candida (white blister) are described here. in contrast to teh former parasite, less than ... | 1995 | 8664502 |
| open reading frames of turnip crinkle virus involved in satellite symptom expression and incompatibility with arabidopsis thaliana ecotype dijon. | carmoviruses are single-stranded, single component rna viruses that include turnip crinkle virus (tcv) and the recently discovered cardamine chlorotic fleck virus (ccfv). full-length, biologically active cdnas were constructed for the tcv-m isolate and the blue lake isolate of ccfv. using chimeric viruses constructed between isolates of tcv that produce mild or severe symptoms when coinoculated with a virulent satellite rna, a glu residue at position 1,144 in the polymerase open reading frame wa ... | 1995 | 8664506 |
| molecular identification of zeaxanthin epoxidase of nicotiana plumbaginifolia, a gene involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis and corresponding to the aba locus of arabidopsis thaliana. | abscisic acid (aba) is a plant hormone which plays an important role in seed development and dormancy and in plant response to environmental stresses. an aba-deficient mutant of nicotiana plumbaginifolia, aba2, was isolated by transposon tagging using the maize activator transposon. the aba2 mutant exhibits precocious seed germination and a severe wilty phenotype. the mutant is impaired in the first step of the aba biosynthesis pathway, the zeaxanthin epoxidation reaction. aba2 cdna is able to c ... | 1996 | 8665840 |
| the first intron of the arabidopsis thaliana gene coding for elongation factor 1 beta contains an enhancer-like element. | genomic and cdna clones coding for elongation factor-1 beta (eef-1 beta) from arabidopsis thaliana (at) were isolated and characterized. eef-1 beta was found to be encoded by a single-copy at gene. chimeric genes fusing the promoter and the 5' untranslated region of the at eef-1 beta gene to the gus reporter gene were constructed and used to study the expression of this gene in transgenic tobacco plants. interestingly, it was found that the first intron of this gene is required for high levels o ... | 1996 | 8666245 |
| the cdna for the ubiquitin-52-amino-acid fusion protein from rat encodes a previously unidentified 60 s ribosomal subunit protein. | rat cdnas for a 52-amino-acid ribosomal protein (cep52) that is typically formed as a ubiquitin fusion protein, were cloned following reverse transcription and pcr amplification. cep52 sequence conservation is demonstrated by the similarity of the human and rat cdna sequences and the identity of the predicted proteins. amplification of rat cdna with a primer specific for the 3' non-coding region of the cep52 gene, in combination with a consensus primer for the 5' end of the ubiquitin coding sequ ... | 1996 | 8670124 |
| complementation of an arabidopsis thaliana biotin auxotroph with an escherichia coli biotin biosynthetic gene. | the arabidopsis thaliana biotin auxotroph biol was rendered prototrophic by transformation with a chimeric transgene containing the escherichia coli bio a gene driven by a constitutive promoter. the bio a gene encodes the biotin biosynthetic enzyme 7, 8-diaminopelargonic acid aminotransferase. unlike the untransformed control plants, transgenic plants expressing the bacterial transgene synthesized biotin and grew to maturity without biotin-deficiency symptoms. these findings demonstrate that bio ... | 1996 | 8676868 |
| genetic and physical mapping in brassica diploid species of a gene cluster defined in arabidopsis thaliana. | we report the genetic and physical analysis by pulse field gel electrophoresis (pfge) in three brassica diploid genomes for a cluster of five genes characterized in a selected segment of 15 kb on chromosome 3 of arabidopsis thaliana, encoding a bradyrhizobium cycj homologue (at1), a rat p67 translation factor homologue (at2), an em-like (early methionine) protein (at3), chlorophyll synthase (at4) and a yeast sac1 homologue (a5). the arabidopsis gene array was found to be conserved on a single li ... | 1996 | 8676872 |
| biotin synthesis in higher plants: isolation of a cdna encoding arabidopsis thaliana biob-gene product equivalent by functional complementation of a biotin auxotroph mutant biob105 of escherichia coli k12. | biotin synthase is involved in the conversion of dethiobiotin to biotin in bacteria, yeast and higher plants. we isolated a complete cdna (1.3 kb) encoding a. thaliana biob-gene product by functional complementation of the biob105 biotin auxotroph mutant of escherichia coli k12 using an a. thaliana cdna library. the open reading frame encodes a predicted protein of 378 amino acids and molecular mass of 41.634 da. the biob-gene product from a. thaliana shows specific regions of homology with the ... | 1996 | 8680961 |
| a physical map of chromosome 2 of arabidopsis thaliana. | a yeast artificial chromosome (yac) physical map of chromosome 2 of arabidopsis thaliana has been constructed by hybridization of 69 dna markers and 61 yac end probes to gridded arrays of yac clones. thirty-four yacs in four contigs define the chromosome. complete closure of the map was not attained because some regions of the chromosome were repetitive or were not represented in the yac library. based on the sizes of the yacs and their coverage of the chromosome, the length of chromosome 2 is e ... | 1996 | 8681135 |
| a 14-kda arabidopsis thaliana rna polymerase iii subunit contains two alpha-motifs flanked by a highly charged c terminus. | we have sequenced a cdna and a gene, atrpc14, from arabidopsis thaliana (at) (ecotype columbia) that encode a protein related to the yeast rna polymerases (pol) i and iii subunits, yac19. polyclonal antibodies raised against the recombinant at polypeptide (atc14) bind to the pol i and/or iii subunits of about 13-15 kda, but do not bind to any pol ii subunit in pol purified from cauliflower, wheat or at. the amino acid (aa) sequence derived from the atrpc14 cdna and genomic clones consists of 122 ... | 1996 | 8682305 |
| the drosophila melanogaster gene vha14 encoding a 14-kda f-subunit of the vacuolar atpase. | a drosophila melanogaster (dm) cdna (vha14) encoding the 14-kda f-subunit of the vacuolar h(+)-atpase (v-atpase) has been cloned via homology with the corresponding manduca sexta (ms) gene. its deduced translation product is a 124-amino-acid polypeptide sharing 90% identity with the ms polypeptide and 50% identity with an analogous polypeptide of saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a more distant similarity to a subunit of the na(+)-transporting atpase of enterococcus hirae. homology was also found wi ... | 1996 | 8682310 |
| functional expression of the extraplastidial arabidopsis thaliana oleate desaturase gene (fad2) in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the functional expression in yeast of the arabidopsis thaliana fad2 gene, encoding the extraplastidial oleate desaturase (1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine delta 12-desaturase) is reported. dienoic fatty acids constituted up to 11% (w/w) of the total fatty acids in transformed saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and were confirmed to be linoleic acid and delta 9, delta 12-hexadecadienoic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | 1996 | 8685264 |
| purification and properties of arabidopsis thaliana cor (cold-regulated) gene polypeptides cor15am and cor6.6 expressed in escherichia coli. | arabidopsis thaliana cold-regulated genes cor15a and cor6.6 encode 15- and 6.6-kd polypeptides, respectively. the cor15a polypeptide is known to be targeted to chloroplasts and, during import, to be processed to a 9.4-kd polypeptide designated cor15am. the cor6.6 polypeptide is thought to be located in the cytosol. the coding sequences for cor15am and cor6.6 were fused to the bacteriophage t7 promoter and expressed in escherichia coli. the recombinant polypeptides cor15amr and cor6.6r were purif ... | 1996 | 8685269 |
| effects of cor6.6 and cor15am polypeptides encoded by cor (cold-regulated) genes of arabidopsis thaliana on dehydration-induced phase transitions of phospholipid membranes. | cold acclimation of arabidopsis thaliana includes the expression of cold-regulated (cor) genes and the accumulation of cor polypeptides. the hydration characteristics of two cor polypeptides, cor6.6 and cor15am, have been determined and their effects on the dehydration-induced liquid crystalline-to-gel and lamellar-to-hexagonal ii phase transitions in phospholipid mixtures have been examined. after dehydration at osmotic pressures between 8 and 150 mpa, the water content of the cor polypeptides ... | 1996 | 8685270 |
| a putative mg chelatase subunit from arabidopsis thaliana cv c24. sequence and transcript analysis of the gene, import of the protein into chloroplasts, and in situ localization of the transcript and protein. | we have isolated and sequenced a cdna from arabidopsis thaliana cv c24 that encodes a putative mg chelatase subunit. the deduced amino acid sequence shows a very high level of identity to a gene previously characterized from antirrhinum majus (olive and also high similarity to bchh, a bacterial gene involved in the mg chelatase reaction of bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis. we suggest that this gene be called chl h. northern blot analyses were used to investigate the expression of chl h, another ... | 1996 | 8685276 |
| a cdna clone from arabidopsis thaliana encoding plastidic ferredoxin:sulfite reductase. | a cdna with an open reading frame of 1929 bp (termed sir) was isolated from a lambda zapii library of arabidopsis thaliana leaf tissue. the polypeptide sequence deduced from the cdna is homologous to the ferredoxin-dependent sulfite reductase (ec 1.8.7.1) from synechococcus pcc7942 and distantly related to the hemoprotein subunit of escherichia coli nadph-dependent sulfite reductase (ec 1.8.1.2). a molecular mass of 71.98 kda can be predicted for a ferredoxin sulfite reductase from a. thaliana. ... | 1996 | 8695637 |
| a second form of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase in arabidopsis thaliana with relative specificity towards cytokinins. | adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprtase) is an important enzyme for its ability to convert adenine, a byproduct of many biochemical reactions, into amp. by functional complementation of an escherichia coli mutant, cdnas encoding two aprtases have been cloned from arabidopsis thaliana. one of the cdnas (atapt1) has been previously identified while the second (atapt2) is of a previously unknown type. kinetic analysis of the two enzymes purified from e. coli expressing the two cdnas indicates th ... | 1996 | 8696367 |
| a protein farnesyl transferase involved in abscisic acid signal transduction in arabidopsis. | the hormone abscisic acid (aba) modulates a variety of developmental processes and responses to environmental stress in higher plants. a collection of mutations, designated era, in arabidopsis thaliana that confer an enhanced response to exogenous aba includes mutations in the era1 gene, which encodes the beta subunit of a protein farnesyl transferase. in yeast and mammalian systems, farnesyl transferases modify several signal transduction proteins for membrane localization. the era1 mutants sug ... | 1996 | 8703061 |
| expression of the type 2 metallothionein-like gene mt2 from arabidopsis thaliana in zn(2+)-metallothionein-deficient synechococcus pcc 7942: putative role for mt2 in zn2+ metabolism. | zn2+ proteins pervade metabolism and are essential for gene expression. however, no proteins have been ascribed the central roles of zn2+ donation to, or removal from, metalloproteins, or zn2+ storage in vegetative plant tissue. in animals, such functions have been proposed for metallothioneins. plants contain multiple metallothionein-like genes but their predicted products, which differ significantly from animal metallothioneins, remain to be isolated from vegetative tissue and their roles are ... | 1996 | 8704127 |
| expression of dc8 is associated with, but not dependent on embryogenesis. | dc8 is a late embryogenesis-abundant (lea) protein gene isolated from carrot (daucus carota). deletion analysis of the dc8 promoter was performed to determine the sequences required for aba and seed-specific regulation of dc8 transcription. to investigate the mechanism of dc8 expression during seed development, chimeric gene constructs containing dc8 promoter fragments fused to a promoterless beta-glucuronidase gene (dc8:gus) were introduced into carrot, tobacco (nicotiana tobacum) and arabidops ... | 1996 | 8704145 |
| identification of an arabidopsis thaliana cdna encoding a hsp70-related protein belonging to the hsp110/sse1 subfamily. | heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70)-related proteins are classified in two main subfamilies: the dnak subfamily and the hsp110/sse1 subfamily. we have characterized the first plant member of the hsp110/sse1 subfamily, hsp91. at least two, tightly linked genes encoding hsp91 are present per haploid arabidopsis genome. hsp91 is constitutively expressed in non-stressed arabidopsis plants and is transiently induced by heat shock. | 1996 | 8706819 |
| characterization of an arabidopsis thaliana cdna encoding an s-adenosylmethionine-sensitive threonine synthase. threonine synthase from higher plants. | an arabidopsis thaliana cdna encoding an s-adenosylmethionine-sensitive threonine synthase (ec 4.2.99.2) has been isolated by functional complementation of an escherichia coli mutant devoid of threonine synthase activity. threonine synthase from a. thaliana was shown to be synthesized with a transit peptide. the recombinant protein is activated by s-adenosylmethionine in the same range as the plant threonine synthase and evidence is presented for an involvement of the n-terminal part of the matu ... | 1996 | 8706836 |
| telomere-homologous sequences occur near the centromeres of many tomato chromosomes. | several bacteriophage lambda clones containing interstitial telomere repeats (itr) were isolated from a library of tomato genomic dna by plaque hybridization with the cloned arabidopsis thaliana telomere repeat. restriction fragments lacking highly repetitive dna were identified and used as probes to map 14 of the 20 lambda clones. all of these markers mapped near the centromere on eight of the twelve tomato chromosomes. the exact centromere location of chromosomes 7 and 9 has recently been dete ... | 1996 | 8709958 |
| cax1, an h+/ca2+ antiporter from arabidopsis. | reestablishment of the resting state after stimulus-coupled elevations of cytosolic-free ca2+ requires the rapid removal of ca2+ from the cytosol of plant cells. here we describe the isolation of two genes, cax1 and cax2, from arabidopsis thaliana that suppress a mutant of saccharomyces cerevisiae that has a defect in vacuolar ca2+ accumulation. both genes encode polypeptides showing sequence similarities to microbial h+/ca2+ antiporters. experiments on vacuolar membrane-enriched vesicles isolat ... | 1996 | 8710949 |
| environmental and developmental signals modulate proline homeostasis: evidence for a negative transcriptional regulator. | in many plants, osmotic stress induces a rapid accumulation of proline through de novo synthesis from glutamate. this response is thought to play a pivotal role in osmotic stress tolerance [kishor, p. b. k., hong, z., miao, g.-h., hu, c.-a. a. and verma, d. p. s. (1995) plant physiol. 108, 1387-1394]. during recovery from osmotic stress, accumulated proline is rapidly oxidized to glutamate and the first step of this process is catalyzed by proline oxidase. we have isolated a full-length cdna fro ... | 1996 | 8710950 |
| isolation of arabidopsis mutants with enhanced disease susceptibility by direct screening. | to discover which components of plant defense responses make significant contributions to limiting pathogen attack, we screened a mutagenized population of arabidopsis thaliana for individuals that exhibit increased susceptibility to the moderately virulent bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola es4326 (psm es4326). the 12 enhanced disease susceptibility (eds) mutants isolated included alleles of two genes involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis (pad2, which had been identified prev ... | 1996 | 8725243 |
| elicitor-induced generation of active oxygen in suspension cultures of arabidopsis thaliana. | | 1996 | 8736857 |
| yeast protein translocation complex: isolation of two genes seb1 and seb2 encoding proteins homologous to the sec61 beta subunit. | a yeast gene (cdna clone) was isolated in a screen for suppressors of secretion-defective sec15-1 mutation. this gene encodes a protein homologous to the beta subunit of the mammalian sec61 protein complex functioning in protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (er). the predicted protein, seb1p, consists of 82 amino acids and contains one potential membrane-spanning region at the c-terminus but no n-terminal signal sequence. seb1p shows 30% identity to the mammalian sec61 beta subun ... | 1996 | 8740416 |
| molecular cloning and photoperiod-regulated expression of gibberellin 20-oxidase from the long-day plant spinach. | spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) is a long-day (ld) rosette plant in which stem growth under ld conditions is mediated by gibberellins (gas). major control points in spinach are the later steps of sequential oxidation and elimination of c-20 of c20-gas. degenerate oligonucleotide primers were used to obtain a polymerase chain reaction product from spinach genomic dna that has a high homology with ga 20-oxidase cdnas from cucurbita maxima l. and arabidopsis thaliana heynh. this polymerase chain rea ... | 1996 | 8742334 |
| changes in voltage activation, cs+ sensitivity, and ion permeability in h5 mutants of the plant k+ channel kat1. | kat1 is a voltage-dependent inward rectifying k+ channel cloned from the higher plant arabidopsis thaliana [anderson, j. a., huprikar, s. s., kochian, l. v., lucas, w. j. & gaber, r. f. (1992) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 89, 3736-3740]. it is related to the shaker superfamily of k+ channels characterized by six transmembrane spanning domains (s1-s6) and a putative pore-forming region between s5 and s6 (h5). the 115 region between pro-247 and pro-271 in kat1 contains 14 additional amino acids when ... | 1996 | 8755614 |
| identification of transferred dna insertions within arabidopsis genes involved in signal transduction and ion transport. | the transferred dna (t-dna) of agrobacterium tumefaciens serves as an insertional mutagen once integrated into a host plant's genome. as a means of facilitating reverse genetic analysis in arabidopsis thaliana, we have developed a method that allows one to search for plants carrying f-dna insertions within any sequenced arabidopsis gene. using pcr, we screened a collection of 9100 independent t-dna-transformed arabidopsis lines and found 17 t-dna insertions within the 63 genes analyzed. the gene ... | 1996 | 8755618 |
| four arabidopsis rpp loci controlling resistance to the noco2 isolate of peronospora parasitica map to regions known to contain other rpp recognition specificities. | interactions between arabidopsis thaliana and the downy mildew fungus peronospora parasitica provide a model system to study the genetic and molecular basis of plant-pathogen recognition. with the use of the noco2 isolate of p. parasitica, the reaction phenotypes of 46 accessions of arabidopsis were examined and 31 accessions exhibited resistance. resistance phenotypes examined ranged from distinct necrotic pits or flecks to a weak necrosis accompanied by late and sparse fungal sporulation. segr ... | 1996 | 8755623 |
| characterization of eight new members of the calmodulin-like domain protein kinase gene family from arabidopsis thaliana. | a family of calcium-responsive protein kinases is abundant in plant cell extracts but has not been identified in animals and fungi. these enzymes have a unique structure consisting of a protein kinase catalytic domain fused to carboxy-terminal autoregulatory and calmodulin-like domains. in this report, we present the amino acid sequences for eight new arabidopsis cdna clones encoding isoforms of this enzyme. three isoforms were expressed as fusion proteins in escherichia coli and exhibited calci ... | 1996 | 8756605 |
| how proteins recognize the tata box. | the crystal structure of a complex of human tata-binding protein with tata-sequence dna has been solved, complementing earlier tbp/dna analyses from saccharomyces cerevisiae and arabidopsis thaliana. special insight into tata box specificity is provided by considering the tbp/dna complex, not as a protein molecule with bound dna, but as a dna duplex with a particularly large minor groove ligand. this point of view provides explanations for: (1) why t.a base-pairs are required rather than c.g; (2 ... | 1996 | 8757291 |
| the bglx gene located at 47.8 min on the escherichia coli chromosome encodes a periplasmic beta-glucosidase. | a new escherichia coli gene, bgix, encoding a beta-d-glucosidase (ec 3.2.1.21) has been characterized. the bgix gene is located adjacent to the dld gene at 47.8 min or 2225 kb on the e. coli chromosome. the sequence of a 2.6 kb dna fragment from this region revealed a large open reading frame encoding a protein of 765 amino acids. the bgix protein was purified from the periplasm, and amino-terminal sequencing suggests that the mature protein is derived from cleavage of a 20 residue signal peptid ... | 1996 | 8757730 |
| benzothiadiazole induces disease resistance in arabidopsis by activation of the systemic acquired resistance signal transduction pathway. | benzothiadiazole (bth) is a novel chemical activator of disease resistance in tobacco, wheat and other important agricultural plants. in this report, it is shown that bth works by activating sar in arabidopsis thaliana. bth-treated plants were resistant to infection by turnip crinkle virus, pseudomonas syringae pv 'tomato' dc3000 and peronospora parasitica. chemical treatment induced accumulation of mrnas from the sar-associated genes, pr-1, pr-2 and pr-5. bth treatment induced both pr-1 mrna ac ... | 1996 | 8758979 |
| four arabidopsis thaliana 14-3-3 protein isoforms can complement the lethal yeast bmh1 bmh2 double disruption. | the 14-3-3 proteins comprise a family of highly conserved proteins with multiple functions, most of which are related to signal transduction. four isoforms from the plant arabidopsis thaliana were able to complement the lethal disruption of the two saccharomyces cerevisiae genes encoding 14-3-3 proteins; one complemented very poorly and one did not complement. however, the expression of the latter two isoforms was very low. these results show that at least four of the six a. thaliana isoforms ar ... | 1996 | 8764984 |
| identification of agthi1, whose product is involved in biosynthesis of the thiamine precursor thiazole, in actinorhizal nodules of alnus glutinosa. | a cdna clone, pagthi1, encoding a homologue of yeast thi4, which is involved in thiazole biosynthesis, was isolated from a library made from poly(a) rna from actinorhizal nodules of alnus glutinosa by differential screening with nodule and root cdna, respectively. the corresponding gene, agthi1, was shown to be expressed at high levels in nodules and shoot tips of a. glutinosa, while having low expression levels in roots, flowers, and developing fruits. the function of agthi1 was demonstrated by ... | 1996 | 8771789 |
| a phosphonate monoester hydrolase from burkholderia caryophilli pg2982 is useful as a conditional lethal gene in plants. | a bacterial phosphonate monoester hydrolase was evaluated in plants as a conditional lethal gene useful for cell ablation and negative selection. glyphosate is a potent herbicide whereas its phosphonate monoester derivative, glyceryl glyphosate, is approximately 50-fold less active. a phosphonate monoesterase gene (peha) encoding an enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphonate esters including glyceryl glyphosate to glyphosate and glycerol was cloned from the glyphosate metabolizing bacterium, burkholderi ... | 1996 | 8771792 |
| isolation and characterization of a cdna encoding a sulfate transporter from arabidopsis thaliana. | a cdna encoding a sulfate transporter was isolated from arabidopsis thaliana. the isolated clone contained an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 658 amino acids, exhibiting the highest similarity (62%) with the sequence of the low-affinity sulfate transporter of a tropical legume stylosanthes hamata. northern blot analysis indicated the constitutive accumulation of a 2.6 kb length transcript in leaves and roots of seedlings. we also propose that a. thaliana contains three sulfate trans ... | 1996 | 8772182 |
| the influence of photosynthetically active radiation on the effects of ultraviolet-b radiation on arabidopsis thaliana. | ultraviolet-b (uvb; 280-320 nm) radiation is a small but biologically significant portion of the solar spectrum reaching the earth's surface. research interests have been fostered because uvb has been increasing in recent years due to depletion of stratospheric ozone. ultraviolet-b that penetrates into plant tissue may damage important cellular macromolecules. although there has been considerable research on the effects of uvb on plants, the influence of the level of photosynthetically active ra ... | 1996 | 8787005 |
| members of two gene families encoding ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, atubc1-3 and atubc4-6, from arabidopsis thaliana are differentially expressed. | covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other intracellular proteins is essential for many physiological processes in eukaryotes, including selective protein degradation. selection of proteins for ubiquitin conjugation is accomplished, in part, by a group of enzymes designated e2s or ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (ubcs). at least six types of e2s have been identified in the plant arabidopsis thaliana; each type is encoded by a small gene family. previously, we described the isolation and characteriz ... | 1996 | 8790283 |
| thi1, a thiamine biosynthetic gene in arabidopsis thaliana, complements bacterial defects in dna repair. | an arabidopsis thaliana cdna was isolated by complementation of the escherichia coli mutant strain bw535 (xth, nfo, nth), which is defective in dna base excision repair pathways. this cdna partially complements the methyl methane sulfonate (mms) sensitive phenotype of bw535. it also partially corrects the uv-sensitive phenotype of e. coli ab1886 (uvra) and restores its ability to reactivate uv-irradiated lambda phage. it has an insert of ca. 1.3 kb with an open reading frame of 1047 bp (predicti ... | 1996 | 8790291 |
| atj1, a mitochondrial homologue of the escherichia coli dnaj protein. | the nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone from arabidopsis thaliana ecotype columbia was determined, and the corresponding amino sequence deduced. the open reading frame encodes a protein, atj1, of 368 residues with a molecular mass of 41 471 da and an isoelectric point of 9.2. the predicted sequence contains regions homologous to the j- and cysteine-rich domains of escherichia coli dnaj, but the glycine/phenylalanine-rich region is not present. based upon southern analysis, arabidopsis appears to ... | 1996 | 8790294 |
| deviating t-dna transfer from agrobacterium tumefaciens to plants. | we analyzed 29 t-dna inserts in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana plants for the junction of the right border sequences and the flanking plant dna. dna sequencing showed that in most lines the right border sequences transferred had been preserved during integration, corroborating literature data. surprisingly, in four independent transgenic lines a complete right border repeat was present followed by binary vector sequences. cloning of two of these t-dna inserts by plasmid rescue showed that in th ... | 1996 | 8790299 |
| the zrt2 gene encodes the low affinity zinc transporter in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | zinc accumulation in saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs through either of two uptake systems. a high affinity system is active in zinc-limited cells, and the zrt1 gene encodes the transporter protein of this system. in this study, we characterized the low affinity system that is active in zinc-replete cells. the low affinity system is time-, temperature-, and concentration-dependent and prefers zinc over other metals as its substrate. our results suggest that the zrt2 gene encodes the transporter o ... | 1996 | 8798516 |
| cloning and functional analysis of the beta-carotene hydroxylase of arabidopsis thaliana. | an arabidopsis thaliana cdna encoding the enzyme beta-carotene hydroxylase was identified by functional complementation in escherichia coli. the product of this cdna adds hydroxyl groups to both beta rings of the symmetrical beta-carotene (beta,beta-carotene) to form zeaxanthin (beta,beta-carotene-3,3'-diol) and converts the monocyclic beta-zeacarotene (7',8'-dihydro-beta,psi-carotene) to hydroxy-beta-zeacarotene (7',8'-dihydro-beta,psi-carotene-3-ol). the epsilon rings of delta-carotene (epsilo ... | 1996 | 8798688 |
| sequence analysis of the cen12 region of saccharomyces cerevisiae on a 43.7 kb fragment of chromosome xii including an open reading frame homologous to the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein cftr. | in the framework of the european union biotech project for systematically sequencing the saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, we determined the nucleotide sequence of a 43.7 kb dna fragment spanning the centromeric region of chromosome xii. a novel approach was the distribution of sublibraries prepared by the dna coordinator (j. hoheisel, heidelberg, frg), using a new hybridization-based dna mapping method, in order to facilitate ordered sequencing. the sequence contains 22 open reading frames (orfs ... | 1996 | 8810043 |
| subcellular location of the tetrapyrrole synthesis enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase in higher plants: an immunological investigation. | a recombinant plasmid, parab8, harbouring the cdna encoding the mature form of the tetrapyrrole synthesis enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase (ec 4.3.1.8; also known as hydroxymethylbilane synthase) from arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. has been constructed, and used to transform escherichia coli. the porphobilinogen deaminase protein from arabidopsis was overexpressed in this strain, and purified to homogeneity (3000-fold) with a yield of 20%. antibodies were raised against the purified plant enzy ... | 1996 | 8818294 |
| identification of an arabidopsis thaliana ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase (rca) minimal promoter regulated by light and the circadian clock. | transcription of the arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase (rca) is organ-specific, light-responsive, and regulated by the circadian clock. rca is transcribed throughout the green parts of the plant, but not in roots and petals. responses elicited by short pulses of light indicate that the light response is mediated, at least in part, by phytochrome. analysis of transgenic tobacco and arabidopsis carrying rca 5' untranscribed region ... | 1996 | 8819320 |
| biotin synthase from arabidopsis thaliana. cdna isolation and characterization of gene expression. | the full-length bio2 cdna from arabidopsis thaliana was isolated using an expressed sequence tag that was homologous to the escherichia coli biotin synthase gene (biob). comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequence from bio2 with bacterial and yeast biotin synthase homologs revealed a high degree of sequence similarity. the amino terminus of the predicted bio2 protein contains a stretch of hydrophobic residues similar in composition to transit peptide sequences. bio2 is a single-copy nuclear g ... | 1996 | 8819333 |
| characterization of the cdna and gene coding for the biotin synthase of arabidopsis thaliana. | biotin, an essential cofactor, is synthesized de novo only by plants and some microbes. an arabidopsis thaliana expressed sequence tag that shows sequence similarity to the carboxyl end of biotin synthase from escherichia coli was used to isolate a near-full-length cdna. this cdna was shown to code for the arabidopsis biotin synthase by its ability to complement a biob mutant of e. coli. site-specific mutagenesis indicates that residue threonine-173, which is highly conserved in biotin synthases ... | 1996 | 8819873 |
| the genetics of flower development: from floral induction to ovule morphogenesis. | flower development consists of several phases. the first step is the transition from vegetative to reproductive development, regulated by floral induction. later steps include the initiation of individual flowers, the determination of organ identity, and organ-specific differentiation. one of the major discoveries of plant biology is that the genetic network controlling flower development is highly conserved in two distantly related dicots, arabidopsis thaliana and antirrhinum majus, and probabl ... | 1995 | 8825467 |
| telomerase activity in plant extracts. | telomeres of most eucaryotes terminate in long stretches of short, guanine-rich repeats. telomerase, a specialized enzyme with reverse transcriptase-like activity, has been shown to synthesize these repeats in many lower eucaryotes and several animal species. although a sequence (tttaggg)n that matches the eucaryotic consensus sequence tx(a)gy is present in several plant species, the activity and expression patterns of plant telomerase have not been reported. here we document the presence of tel ... | 1996 | 8842154 |
| identification and isoprenylation of plant gtp-binding proteins. | to identify isoprenylated plant gtp-binding proteins, arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana tabacum cdna expression libraries were screened for cdna-encoded proteins capable of binding [32p]gtp in vitro. atgb2, an arabidopsis homologue of the gtp-binding protein rab2, was found to bind gtp in vitro and to be a substrate for a geranylgeranyl:protein transferase (ggtase) present in plant extracts. the carboxyl terminus of this protein contains a -gccg sequence, which has not previously been shown to ... | 1996 | 8843944 |
| annexin-like protein from arabidopsis thaliana rescues delta oxyr mutant of escherichia coli from h2o2 stress. | reactive oxygen species are common causes of cellular damages in all aerobic organisms. in escherichia coli, the oxyr gene product is a positive regulator of the oxyr regulon that is induced in response to h2o2 stress. to identify genes involved in counteracting oxidative stress in plants, we transformed a delta oxyr mutant of e. coli with an arabidopsis thaliana cdna library and selected for clones that restored the ability of the delta oxyr mutant to grow in the presence of h2o2. using this ap ... | 1996 | 8855345 |
| serine acetyltransferase from arabidopsis thaliana can functionally complement the cysteine requirement of a cyse mutant strain of escherichia coli. | serine acetyltransferase, a key enzyme in the l-cysteine biosynthetic pathway of sulfate assimilating organisms, catalyzes the formation of o-acetylserine, the immediate precursor of l-cysteine. in higher plants, it is thought that sulfur assimilation occurs primarily in leaf chloroplasts; however, serine acetyltransferase is not localized exclusively in this tissue and organelle. at least three genes for serine acetyltransferase have been identified in the higher plant arabidopsis thaliana. rep ... | 1995 | 8867790 |
| identification and map location of ttr1, a single locus in arabidopsis thaliana that confers tolerance to tobacco ringspot nepovirus. | the interaction between arabidopsis and the nepovirus tobacco ringspot virus (trsv) was characterized. of 97 arabidopsis lines tested, all were susceptible when inoculated with trsv grape strain. even though there was systemic spread of the virs, there was a large degree of variation in symptoms as the most sensitive lines died 10 days after inoculation, while the most tolerant lines either were symptomless or developed only mild symptoms. four lines were selected for further study based on thei ... | 1996 | 8870272 |
| mode of action of the arabidopsis thaliana phytoalexin camalexin and its role in arabidopsis-pathogen interactions. | the virulent arabidopsis thaliana pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola strain es4326 (psm es4326) and other gram-negative bacteria are sensitive to camalexin (3-thiazol-2'-yl-indole), the arabidopsis phytoalexin. furthermore, psm es4326 is unable to degrade camalexin or to become tolerant to it. apparently, psm es4326 is a successful pathogen even though it elicits synthesis of a host phytoalexin to which it is sensitive. assays of membrane integrity revealed that, like other phytoalexin ... | 1996 | 8870273 |
| cloning and characterization of the gene encoding imp dehydrogenase from arabidopsis thaliana. | we have cloned and characterized the gene encoding inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh) from arabidopsis thaliana (at). the transcription unit of the at gene spans approximately 1900 bp and specifies a protein of 503 amino acids with a calculated relative molecular mass (m(r)) of 54,190. the gene is comprised of a minimum of four introns and five exons with all donor and acceptor splice sequences conforming to previously proposed consensus sequences. the deduced impdh amino-acid sequence ... | 1996 | 8890737 |
| analysis of fast neutron-generated mutants at the arabidopsis thaliana hy4 locus. | ionizing radiation is expected to produce mutants with deletions or other chromosomal rearrangements. these mutants are useful for a variety of purposes, such as creating null alleles and cloning genes whose existence is known only from their mutant phenotype; however, only a few mutations generated by ionizing radiation have been characterized at the molecular level in arabidopsis thaliana. twenty fast neutron-generated alleles of the arabidopsis hy4 locus, which encodes a blue light receptor, ... | 1996 | 8893551 |
| identification of plant cytoskeletal, cell cycle-related and polarity-related proteins using schizosaccharomyces pombe. | the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe has been used to identify arabidopsis thaliana proteins that may play a role in cell shape maintenance or cell cycle regulation. an arabidopsis thaliana cdna library was constructed in prep5n vector under the control of the inducible nmt1 promoter and transformed into s. pombe. expression of the a. thaliana sequences was induced and clones showing severe morphological changes were identified and analysed. comparison of the sequences of the inserts with ... | 1996 | 8893552 |
| protein phosphatase activity of abscisic acid insensitive 1 (abi1) protein from arabidopsis thaliana. | mutations at the abi1 (abscisic acid insensitive 1) locus of the plant arabidopsis thaliana cause a reduction in sensitivity to the plant hormone abscisic acid. the sequence of abi1 predicts a protein composed of an n-terminal domain that contains motifs for an ef-hand ca(2+)-binding site, and a c-terminal domain with similarities to protein serine/threonine phosphatases 2c. we report here two sets of experimental evidence that indicate that abi1 has typical protein phosphatase 2c activity. firs ... | 1996 | 8898906 |
| molecular cloning and functional expression of cdnas for glycyrrhiza glabra squalene synthase. | we have isolated two cdnas (ggsqs1 and ggsqs2) encoding squalene synthase of glycyrrhiza glabra l. by cross-hybridization with that of arabidopsis thaliana squalene synthase under conditions of low stringency. their nucleotide sequences contained an open reading frame for a polypeptide of 413 amino acids (ggsqs1) and 412 amino acids (ggsqs2), respectively. the deduced amino acid sequence of ggsqs1 exhibits 88%, 81%, 78%, 45-44%, and 45-41% identity to those of the ggsqs2, nicotiana benthamiana. ... | 1996 | 8913521 |
| novel structure of a high molecular weight fk506 binding protein from arabidopsis thaliana. | we have isolated clones of an arabidopsis gene (rof1, for rotamase fkbp) encoding a high molecular weight member of the fk506 binding protein (fkbp) family. the deduced amino acid sequence of rof1 predicts a 551-amino acid, 62 kda polypeptide which is 44% identical to human fkbp59 - a 59 kda fkbp which binds to the 90 kda heat shock protein and is associated with inactive steroid hormone receptors. rof1 contains three fkbp12-like domains in the n-terminal portion of the protein (in contrast to t ... | 1996 | 8914512 |
| repeated sequences from the arabidopsis thaliana genome function as enhancers in transgenic tobacco. | sixteen segments of arabidopsis thaliana dna that function as enhancers in transgenic tobacco plants were isolated using the proa97 enhancer cloning vehicle and library transformation of nicotiana tabacum. the sequences were compared for at content, homology, repeated motifs, and expression pattern in transgenic n. tabacum. the sequences were average with respect to the at content of a. thaliana dna. they could be placed into seven homology groups. five of the sequences are single-copy sequences ... | 1996 | 8914517 |
| gene isolation in arabidopsis thaliana by conditional overexpression of cdnas toxic to saccharomyces cerevisiae: identification of a novel early response zinc-finger gene. | in an effort to identify novel regulatory plant genes, conditional overexpression of toxic arabidopsis thaliana gene products in saccharomyces cerevisiae was evaluated as a genetic selection scheme. the screening method was tested on a fraction of a cdna expression library and led to the identification of two arabidopsis cdna clones that were toxic to yeast; one corresponded to histone h1 and the other to a previously unidentified gene. this new gene, named atl2, combines a ring-like zinc-bindin ... | 1996 | 8914520 |
| cloning of the cdna and genomic clones for glutathione synthetase from arabidopsis thaliana and complementation of a gsh2 mutant in fission yeast. | glutathione is essential for protecting plants from a range of environmental stresses, including heavy metals where it acts as a precursor for the synthesis of phytochelatins. a 1658 bp cdna clone for glutathione synthetase (gsh2) was isolated from arabidopsis thaliana plants that were actively synthesizing glutathione upon exposure to cadmium. the sequence of the clone revealed a protein with an estimated molecular mass of 53858 da that was very similar to the protein from higher eukaryotes, wa ... | 1996 | 8914526 |
| editing and import: strategies for providing plant mitochondria with a complete set of functional transfer rnas. | the recombinations and mutations that plant mitochondrial dna has undergone during evolution have led to the inactivation or complete loss of a number of the 'native' transfer rna genes deriving from the genome of the ancestral endosymbiont. following sequence divergence in their genes, some native mitochondrial trnas are 'rescued' by editing, a post-transcriptional process which changes the rna primary sequence. according to in vitro studies with the native mitochondrial trna(phe) from potato a ... | 1996 | 8915541 |
| a cdc5+ homolog of a higher plant, arabidopsis thaliana. | we cloned and characterized a cdna corresponding to a cdc5+ homolog of the higher plant, arabidopsis thaliana. the cdna, named atcdc5 cdna, encodes a polypeptide of 844 amino acid residues. the amino acid sequence of n-terminal one-fourth region of the predicted protein bears significant similarity to that of schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc5 and myb-related proteins. overexpression of the atcdc5 cdna in s. pombe cells is able to complement the growth defective phenotype of a cdc5 temperature-sensi ... | 1996 | 8917598 |
| three members of a novel small gene-family from arabidopsis thaliana able to complement functionally an escherichia coli mutant defective in paps reductase activity encode proteins with a thioredoxin-like domain and "aps reductase" activity. | three different cdnas, prh-19, prh-26, and prh-43 [3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (paps) reductase homolog], have been isolated by complementation of an escherichia coli cysh mutant, defective in paps reductase activity, to prototrophy with an arabidopsis thaliana cdna library in the expression vector lambda yes. sequence analysis of the cdnas revealed continuous open reading frames encoding polypeptides of 465, 458, and 453 amino acids, with calculated molecular masses of 51.3, 50.5, and ... | 1996 | 8917599 |
| sulfate reduction in higher plants: molecular evidence for a novel 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase. | sulfate-assimilating organisms reduce inorganic sulfate for cys biosynthesis. there are two leading hypotheses for the mechanism of sulfate reduction in higher plants. in one, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (aps) (5'-adenylysulfate) sulfotransferase carries out reductive transfer of sulfate from aps to reduced glutathione. alternatively, the mechanism may be similar to that in bacteria in which the enzyme, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (paps) reductase, catalyzes thioredoxin (trx)-dependent ... | 1996 | 8917600 |
| genetic characterization of five powdery mildew disease resistance loci in arabidopsis thaliana. | this paper reports on six arabidopsis accessions that show resistance to a wild isolate of the powdery mildew pathogen, erysiphe cichoracearum. resistance at 7 days post-inoculation in these accessions was characterized by limited fungal growth and sporadic development of chlorotic or necrotic lesions at inoculation sites. three accessions, wa-1, kas-1 and si-0, were highly resistant, while the other accessions permitted some fungal growth and conidiation. papilla formation was a frequent host r ... | 1996 | 8919911 |
| isolation and characterization of an arabidopsis thaliana cdna encoding a delta 7-sterol-c-5-desaturase by functional complementation of a defective yeast mutant. | a yeast null mutant (erg 3) defective in erg 3, the gene encoding the c-5 sterol desaturase required for ergosterol synthesis was transformed with an arabidopsis thaliana cdna library inserted in a yeast vector. transformants (4 x 10(5)) were screened for cycloheximide (ch) resistance and 400 possible clones were analyzed to determine their sterol profile. low levels of ergosterol in addition to delta 7- and delta 8-sterols normally present in erg3 were isolated in three yeast transformants. cha ... | 1996 | 8919915 |
| [the genetic sequelae for plant populations of radioactive environmental pollution in connection with the chernobyl accident]. | populations of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh., and pinus sylvestris l., growing within 30 km of chernobyl and bryansk region have been analyzed for the frequency of embryonic lethal mutations on arabidopsis and frequency of chlorophyll mutations and chromosome aberrations by pine. on pine also have been analyzed rate of mutations at enzyme loci in endosperms of seeds. dose dependence of the value genetic damage on level of radioactive pollution was observed. | 1996 | 8925027 |
| phosphate transporters from the higher plant arabidopsis thaliana. | two cdnas (atpt1 and atpt2) encoding plant phosphate transporters have been isolated from a library prepared with mrna extracted from phosphate-starved arabidopsis thaliana roots, the encoded polypeptides are 78% identical to each other and show high degree of amino acid sequence similarity with high-affinity phosphate transporters of saccharomyces cerevisiae, neurospora crassa, and the mycorrhizal fungus glomus versiforme. the atpt1 and atpt2 polypeptides are integral membrane proteins predicte ... | 1996 | 8927627 |
| de novo purine synthesis in arabidopsis thaliana. ii. the pur7 gene encoding 5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(n-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole synthetase is expressed in rapidly dividing tissues. | the small genome size and excellent genetics of arabidopsis, as well as the ease with which it is transformed, make it a superb candidate for molecular genetic studies of the purine biosynthetic pathway. herein we report the isolation, physical characterization, and dissection of the expression patterns of the single gene encoding 5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(n-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole synthetase. this enzyme, encoded by the pur7 gene, catalyzes aspartate addition at the alpha-amino group to ... | 1996 | 8938402 |
| phytochrome a enhances the promotion of hypocotyl growth caused by reductions in levels of phytochrome b in its far-red-light-absorbing form in light-grown arabidopsis thaliana. | we sought to determine if phytochrome b (phyb)-mediated responses to the red light (r)/far-red light (fr) ratio are affected by phytochrome a (phya) activity in light-grown seedlings of arabidopsis thaliana. pulses of fr delayed into the dark period were less effective than end-of-day (eod) fr in promoting hypocotyl growth over a given period in darkness. white light minus blue light interposed instead of darkness between the end of the white-light photoperiod and the fr pulse was sufficient to ... | 1996 | 8938405 |
| sugar regulates mrna abundance of h(+)-atpase gene family members in tomato. | the plant plasma membrane h(+)-atpase energizes the secondary uptake of nutrients and may facilitate cell expansion by acidifying the cell wall. in yeast, glc stimulates the accumulation of h(+)-atpase mrna, and the growth rate supported by various sugars is correlated with h(+)-atpase protein abundance. expression of three h(+)-atpase genes, lha1, lha2, and lha4, was previously detected in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum). we have characterized the sequence of the lha4 gene and examined the exp ... | 1996 | 8938420 |
| identification and in situ and in vitro characterization of secreted proteins produced by plant-parasitic nematodes. | secretions of plant-parasitic nematodes which are released into plant tissue may play critical roles in plant-nematode interactions. the identification and characterization of these molecules are of fundamental importance and may help to facilitate the development of novel strategies to interfere with nematode infection of plants and thereby decrease nematode-induced damage to crops. an antibody-based approach was used to isolate molecules present on the nematode surface and in nematode secretio ... | 1996 | 8939056 |
| a pcr-based approach for isolating pathogen resistance genes from potato with potential for wide application in plants. | plant genes for pathogen resistance can be used to engineer disease resistant crops. oligonucleotides were designed from sequence motifs conserved between resistance genes of tobacco and arabidopsis thaliana and used as pcr primers in potato dna. amplification products were obtained that were homologous to known resistance genes and linked without recombination with the nematode resistance locus gro1 and the phytophthora infestans resistance locus r7 of potato. map positions of pcr-derived potat ... | 1996 | 8944022 |
| arabidopsis formaldehyde dehydrogenase. molecular properties of plant class iii alcohol dehydrogenase provide further insights into the origins, structure and function of plant class p and liver class i alcohol dehydrogenases. | a glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (class iii alcohol dehydrogenase) has been characterized from arabidopsis thaliana. this plant enzyme exhibits kinetic and molecular properties in common with the class iii forms from mammals, with a k(m) for s-hydroxymethylglutathione of 1.4 microm, an anodic electrophoretic mobility (pi: 5.3-5.6) and a cross-reaction with anti-(rat class iii alcohol dehydrogenase) antibodies. the enzyme structure, deduced from the cdna sequence, fits into the ... | 1996 | 8944774 |
| activation of the plant plasma membrane h+-atpase. is there a direct interaction between lysophosphatidylcholine and the c-terminal part of the enzyme? | the antagonistic effects of the fungal toxin beticolin-1 and of l-alpha-lysophosphatidylcholine (lysopc) were investigated on the plasma membrane h+-atpase of the plant arabidopsis thaliana (isoform 2) expressed in yeast, using both wild-type enzyme (aha2) and c-terminal truncated enzyme (aha2delta92). phosphohydrolytic activities of both enzymes were inhibited by beticolin-1, with very similar 50% inhibitory concentrations, indicating that the toxin action does not involve the c-terminal locate ... | 1996 | 8946951 |
| cytosolic and plastidic chorismate mutase isozymes from arabidopsis thaliana: molecular characterization and enzymatic properties. | the three aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan are synthesized in the plastids of higher plants. there is, however, biochemical evidence that a cytosolic isoform exists of the enzyme catalysing the first step of that branch of the pathway which is specific for the synthesis of phenylalanine and tyrosine, i.e. chorismate mutase (cm). we now report on the isolation of a cdna clone encoding a cytosolic cm isozyme from arabidopsis thaliana that was identified by complementing ... | 1996 | 8953244 |
| a single base change prevents import of cytosolic trna(ala) into mitochondria in transgenic plants. | plant mitochondria do not contain a full set of trna genes, and the additional trnas needed for protein synthesis (including trna(ala) are imported from the cytosol. the import process appears to be highly specific for certain trnas, and it has been suggested that the cognate amino-acyl-trna synthetases may be responsible for this specificity. in order to test this, we have grown transgenic tobacco plants expressing arabidopsis thaliana trna(ala) carrying a u70 to c70 mutation, which we have pre ... | 1996 | 8953252 |
| the flow karyotype of arabidopsis thaliana interphase chromosomes. | the dna contents of various aneuploid lines of arabidopsis thaliana were measured by flow cytometry of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-stained interphase nuclei in suspensions and compared with each other as well as with the wild-type. the fluorescence intensifies for all lines were highly reproducible as were the deviations from the wild-type. the results allowed the estimation of the relative dna contents of each arabidopsis chromosome and of chromosomes arms. the sum of the surplus values for a ... | 1996 | 8953254 |
| polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in saccharomyces cerevisiae: expression of ethanol tolerance and the fad2 gene from arabidopsis thaliana. | the arabidopsis thaliana delta-12 fatty acid desaturase gene (fad2) was overexpressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae by using the gal1 promoter. s. cerevisiae harboring the fad2 gene was capable of forming hexadecadienoyl (16:2) and linoleoyl (18:2) residues in the membrane lipid when cultured in medium containing galactose. gas-liquid chromatography analysis of total lipids indicated that the transformed s. cerevisiae accumulated these dienoic fatty acyl residues and that they accounted for approx ... | 1996 | 8953702 |
| a family of putative chloride channels from arabidopsis and functional complementation of a yeast strain with a clc gene disruption. | we have cloned four novel members of the clc family of chloride channels from arabidopsis thaliana. the four plant genes are homologous to a recently isolated chloride channel gene from tobacco (clc-nt1; lurin, c., geelen, d., barbier-brygoo, h., guern, j., and maurel, c. (1996) plant cell 8, 701-711) and are about 30% identical in sequence to the most closely related clc-6 and clc-7 putative chloride channels from mammalia. atclc transcripts are broadly expressed in the plant. similarly, antibo ... | 1996 | 8969232 |
| cis-acting elements essential for light regulation of the nuclear gene encoding the a subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in arabidopsis thaliana. | we report the characterization of cis-acting elements involved in light regulation of the nuclear gene (gapa) that encodes the a subunit of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in arabidopsis thaliana. our previous deletion analyses indicate that the -277 to -195 upstream region of gapa is essential for light induction of the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants. this region contains three direct repeats with the consensus sequence 5'-caaatgaa(a/g ... | 1996 | 8972600 |
| enhancement of oxidative stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants overproducing fe-superoxide dismutase in chloroplasts. | a chimeric gene consisting of the coding sequence for chloroplastic fe superoxide dismutase (fesod) from arabidopsis thaliana, coupled to the chloroplast targeting sequence from the pea ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit, was expressed in nicotiana tabacum cv petit havana sr1. expression of the transgenic fesod protected both the plasmalemma and photosystem ii against superoxide generated during illumination of leaf discs impregnated with methyl viologen. by contrast, ... | 1996 | 8972606 |