| effects of the tom1 mutation of arabidopsis thaliana on the multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus rna in protoplasts. | for the multiplication of rna viruses, specific host factors are considered essential, but as of yet little is known about this aspect of virus multiplication. to identify such host factors, we previously isolated pd114, a mutant of arabidopsis thaliana, in which the accumulation of the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) in uninoculated leaves of an infected plant was reduced to low levels. the causal mutation, designated tom1, was single, nuclear, and recessive. here, we demonstrate tha ... | 1993 | 8350399 |
| cloning a plant amino acid transporter by functional complementation of a yeast amino acid transport mutant. | amino acids are transported across the plasma membrane of plant cells by proton-amino acid symports. we report here the successful cloning of a neutral amino acid carrier by functional complementation. a histidine transport deletion mutant of saccharomyces cerevisiae was transformed with an arabidopsis thaliana cdna library constructed in a yeast expression vector. forty transformants, out of 10(5), allowed growth on a histidine-limiting medium. the acquired ability to grow on low histidine was ... | 1993 | 8356039 |
| expression of the arabidopsis ataux2-11 auxin-responsive gene in transgenic plants. | five constructions containing deletions of the promoter from an auxin-inducible gene of arabidopsis thaliana, ataux2-11, were fused to the coding region of the reporter gene lacz, which encodes beta-galactosidase, and a polyadenylation 3'-untranslated nopaline synthase sequence from agrobacterium. these chimeric genes were introduced into arabidopsis by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, and expression of the gene was examined by spectrophotometric and histochemical analyses. a 6 ... | 1993 | 8358026 |
| ring finger motif of arabidopsis thaliana cop1 defines a new class of zinc-binding domain. | the cop1 gene of arabidopsis thaliana encodes a protein mediating the switch between the two developmental pathways utilized in light and darkness. a cysteine-rich motif identified the cop1 protein as a member of a group of regulatory proteins which share the amino acid motif cys-x-x-cys-loop i-cys-x-his-x-x-cys-x-x-cys-loop ii-cys-x-x-cys (ring finger). although this new class of cysteine-rich motifs has been proposed to bind metal ions, no direct evidence supporting this has been presented. by ... | 1993 | 8366106 |
| a glutathione s-transferase with glutathione-peroxidase activity from arabidopsis thaliana. molecular cloning and functional characterization. | a full-length cdna clone for a novel glutathione s-transferase was isolated from arabidopsis thaliana and characterized. the cdna encodes a polypeptide of 218 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 24,363 da. the sequence was most related to the theta class within the glutathione-s-transferase superfamily of enzymes. the protein encoded by the cdna was functionally expressed and enzymically active in escherichia coli; glutathione-s-transferase activity with the standard enzyme substrate ... | 1993 | 8375395 |
| the genomic sequence of cardamine chlorotic fleck carmovirus. | the complete genomic sequence of cardamine chlorotic fleck carmovirus (ccfv) has been determined. the genome is a positive-sense ssrna molecule 4041 nucleotides in length, and has 47 to 64% sequence identity with turnip crinkle, carnation mottle and melon necrotic spot carmoviruses. ccfv and these other carmoviruses have four similar open reading frames (orfs), and ccfv has large regions of amino acid identity in all of these orfs with a european isolate of turnip crinkle virus. ccfv, which repl ... | 1993 | 8376969 |
| protein phosphatases in higher plants: multiplicity of type 2a phosphatases in arabidopsis thaliana. | two dna fragments, ap-1 and ap-2, encoding amino acid sequences closely related to ser/thr protein phosphatases were amplified from arabidopsis thaliana genomic dna. fragment ap-1 was used to screen a. thaliana cdna libraries and several positive clones were isolated. clones ep8a and ep14a were sequenced and found to encode almost identical proteins (97% identity). both proteins are 306 amino acids in length and are very similar (79-80% identity) to the mammalian isotypes of the catalytic subuni ... | 1993 | 8382968 |
| the intron of arabidopsis thaliana polyubiquitin genes is conserved in location and is a quantitative determinant of chimeric gene expression. | we have isolated and determined dna sequence for the 5'-flanking regions of three arabidopsis thaliana polyubiquitin genes, ubq3, ubq10, and ubq11. comparison to cdna sequences revealed the presence of an intron in the 5'-untranslated region at the same position immediately upstream of the initiator methionine codon in each of the three genes. an intron at this position is also present in two sunflower and two maize polyubiquitin genes. an intron is also found in the 5'-untranslated regions of s ... | 1993 | 8385509 |
| formation of a stable adduct between ubiquitin and the arabidopsis ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, atubc1+. | ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (e2s) are an integral part of a multienzyme pathway that ligates ubiquitin to intracellular target proteins. this ligation has been implicated in a number of fundamental processes including protein degradation, cell cycle progression, dna repair, and organelle biogenesis. to function, e2s form a labile thiol-ester intermediate between a specific cysteine within the e2 and the carboxyl terminus of ubiquitin; this high energy intermediate then serves as the donor for ... | 1993 | 8386169 |
| sequence of a leishmania major gene encoding an ubiquitin fusion protein. | a gene encoding an ubiquitin-tail protein fusion was isolated from the parasitic protozoan, leishmania major, and sequenced. the l. major tail protein shares 97, 96, 67, 62, 62 and 61% sequence identity with the tail proteins of trypanosoma brucei, trypanosoma cruzi, yeast, dictyostelium discoideum, human, and arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. the putative 'zinc finger' nucleic acid-binding domain found in all ubiquitin 'tail' or 'extension' proteins described is also conserved in the l. major ... | 1993 | 8396548 |
| transposition pattern of the maize element ds in arabidopsis thaliana. | as part of establishing an efficient transposon tagging system in arabidopsis using the maize elements ac and ds, we have analyzed the inheritance and pattern of ds transposition in four independent arabidopsis transformants. a low proportion (33%) of plants inheriting the marker used to monitor excision contained a transposed ds. selection for the transposed ds increased this to at least 49%. overall, 68% of ds transpositions inherited with the excision marker were to genetically linked sites; ... | 1993 | 8397137 |
| light-regulated expression of the arabidopsis thaliana ferredoxin a gene involves both transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. | ferredoxin is part of the photosynthetic apparatus of the chloroplast and is encoded in the nucleus. in arabidopsis thaliana expression of the ferredoxin a gene is influenced by both the presence of chloroplasts and light. tobacco plants transformed with a ferredoxin promoter-gus fusion gene showed a tissue-specific and light-dependent expression pattern. the effect of light on the expression of the fusion gene in transgenic seedlings was only two- to fourfold, which is less pronounced than the ... | 1993 | 8401612 |
| sequence of a cdna encoding wheat eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 4a. | a cdna encoding wheat translation initiation factor 4a (eif-4a) was isolated from a wheat cdna library and sequenced. the deduced wheat eif-4a amino acid sequence from the cdna is compared to eif-4a from arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco, mouse and saccharomyces cerevisiae. putative rna helicase motifs, and putative atp-binding and hydrolysis sites are identified. | 1993 | 8406026 |
| characterization of a chloroplast homologue of the 54-kda subunit of the signal recognition particle. | proteins and rnas homologous to components of the eukaryotic signal recognition particle (srp) have been identified in a number of prokaryotic organisms. here we report the isolation of an arabidopsis thaliana cdna, ffc (fifty-four chloroplast homologue), that encodes a chloroplast protein (54cp) homologous to the 54-kda subunit of the signal recognition particle. 54cp shares 27% identity with mammalian srp54 and 44% identity with the escherichia coli ffh gene product suggesting a prokaryotic or ... | 1993 | 8408079 |
| promiscuous germination and growth of wildtype pollen from arabidopsis and related species on the shoot of the arabidopsis mutant, fiddlehead. | when pollen lands upon the stigmatic surface of a receptive flower, recognition events take place that permit germination, pollen tube growth, and tube penetration into the cell walls of the stigmatic papillae. previously, we have described a mutant of arabidopsis thaliana, named fiddlehead (fdh), where noncarpel organs of the shoot fuse late in ontogeny (lolle et al., 1992). here we demonstrate that wildtype arabidopsis pollen grows on noncarpel organs of the fdh mutant. pollen grains adhere, g ... | 1993 | 8416837 |
| characterization of the rickettsia prowazekii pepa gene encoding leucine aminopeptidase. | the pepa gene, encoding a protein with leucine aminopeptidase activity, was isolated from rickettsia prowazekii, an obligate intracellular parasitic bacterium. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1,502 bp that would encode a protein of 499 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 53,892, a size comparable to that of the protein produced in escherichia coli minicells containing the rickettsial gene. also, heat-stable leucine aminopeptidase activity was demonstr ... | 1993 | 8416891 |
| cdna cloning and expression of an arabidopsis gtp-binding protein of the arf family. | a cdna clone encoding a small gtp-binding protein, the adp-ribosylation factor (arf) was isolated from a cdna library of arabidopsis thaliana cultured cells. the predicted amino acid sequence was highly homologous to the known yeast, bovine and human arf sequences. southern analysis of arabidopsis genomic dna suggested the existence of at least two copies of arf genes. the level of arf mrna was found to be nearly constant during all cell growth stages in suspension cultures. | 1993 | 8420798 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of anther-preferential cdna encoding a putative actin-depolymerizing factor. | a cdna clone, lmp131a, which is preferentially expressed in mature anther was isolated from a lily cdna library. northern blot analysis and plaque hybridization experiments showed that the lmp131a mrna is present at ca. 0.3% of the mrna in mature pollen and is not detectable in carpel, petal, floral bud, leaf, or root. the clone contains an open reading frame of 139 amino acid residues which shows greater than 40% sequence identity in a 91 amino acid overlap to animal actin-depolymerizing factor ... | 1993 | 8425049 |
| purification, complete amino acid sequence and structural characterization of the heat-stable sweet protein, mabinlin ii. | a new sweet protein, named mabinlin ii, was extracted with 0.5 m nacl solution from the seeds of capparis masaikai lévl. and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, carboxymethylcellulose-sepharose ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. the sweetness of mabinlin ii was unchanged by at least 48 h incubation at nearly boiling temperature. purified mabinlin ii thus obtained gave a single band having a molecular mass of 14 kda on sds/page. in the presence of dithiothreitol, mabinlin ii ... | 1993 | 8425538 |
| complementation in situ of the yeast plasma membrane h(+)-atpase gene pma1 by an h(+)-atpase gene from a heterologous species. | in plants and fungi, the transport of solutes across the plasma membrane (pm) is driven by a proton pump (h(+)-atpase) that produces an electric potential and a ph gradient. we expressed aha2, a member of the arabidopsis thaliana pm h(+)-atpase gene family, in yeast cells in which transcription of the endogenous pm h(+)-atpase gene (pma1) had been turned off. aha2 was expressed mainly in intracellular membranes and only supported very slow growth of transformed yeast cells. removal of the last 9 ... | 1993 | 8425607 |
| cloning of the beta-amylase gene from bacillus cereus and characteristics of the primary structure of the enzyme. | the gene encoding the beta-amylase of bacillus cereus bq10-s1 (spoii) was cloned into escherichia coli jm 109. a sequenced dna fragment of 2,001 bp contains the beta-amylase gene. the n-terminal sequences (avngkg mnpdykaylmaplkki), the c-terminal sequences (shtssw), and the amino acid sequences of the five regions in the beta-amylase molecules were determined. the mature beta-amylase contains 514 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 57,885 da. the amino acid sequence homology with those ... | 1993 | 8434930 |
| characterization of the expression of a desiccation-responsive rd29 gene of arabidopsis thaliana and analysis of its promoter in transgenic plants. | we characterized the expression of genes that correspond to a cdna clone, rd29, which is induced by desiccation, cold and high-salt conditions in arabidopsis thaliana. northern analysis of desiccation-induced expression revealed a two-step induction process. early induction occurs within 20 min and secondary induction occurs 3 h after the start of desiccation. exogenous abscisic acid (aba) induces rd29 mrna within 3 h. two genes corresponding to rd29, rd29a and rd29b, are located in tandem in an ... | 1993 | 8437577 |
| an adenine nucleotide translocator gene from arabidopsis thaliana. | the sequence of an adenine nucleotide translocator (ant) gene of arabidopsis contains three introns, the first of which is located upstream of the assumed initiation codon. the presequence characteristic for plant ants is processed also in arabidopsis as suggested by western blot analysis, most likely at the conserved cleavage site. | 1993 | 8439563 |
| the hat4 gene of arabidopsis encodes a developmental regulator. | the hat4 gene from the plant arabidopsis thaliana encodes a homeo domain protein that contains a leucine zipper motif. homeo domain-leucine zipper (hd-zip) proteins have not been found in animal systems, suggesting that hat4 may define a new family of transcription factors that regulate higher plant development. to explore this possibility, functional studies of hat4 were carried out in yeast and in transgenic plants. point mutants of hat4 isolated in yeast define functionally critical residues ... | 1993 | 8449400 |
| primary structure and characterization of an arabidopsis thaliana calnexin-like protein. | a cdna clone (pte-83) encoding a protein (cnx1p) related to the microsomal ca(2+)-binding protein, calnexin, was isolated from an arabidopsis thaliana expression library. southern and northern hybridization indicated that cnx1 is a single-copy gene encoding a message of 1900 nucleotides. the open reading frame encodes a polypeptide with 530 amino acids, a molecular mass of 60.5 kda, and overall 48% identity to dog calnexin. both animal calnexin and cnx1p contain a large luminal domain followed b ... | 1993 | 8454626 |
| interaction of xanthomonas campestris with arabidopsis thaliana: characterization of a gene from x. c. pv. raphani that confers avirulence to most a. thaliana accessions. | infiltration of leaves of arabidopsis thaliana accession columbia with xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris leads to bacterial growth and disease symptoms reminiscent of those incited in brassica plants inoculated under the same conditions. a search among a. thaliana accessions for variation in the reaction phenotype to strains of x. campestris pathovars campestris, aberrans, and raphani showed that there were no clear differential responses between plant accessions to the individual bacte ... | 1993 | 8471795 |
| two cdnas from the plant arabidopsis thaliana that partially restore recombination proficiency and dna-damage resistance to e. coli mutants lacking recombination-intermediate-resolution activities. | escherichia coli ruvc recg mutants lack ruvc endonuclease, which resolves crossed-strand joint molecules (holliday junctions) formed during homologous recombination into recombinant products, and an activity (recg) thought to partially replace ruvc. they are therefore highly deficient in homologous recombination, and sensitive to uv light and chemical dna-damaging agents, presumably because of inability to tolerate unrepaired dna damage by recombinational mechanisms (lloyd, r.g. (1991) j. bacter ... | 1993 | 8479917 |
| cloning and sequencing of the genes coding for the a and b subunits of vacuolar-type na(+)-atpase from enterococcus hirae. coexistence of vacuolar- and f0f1-type atpases in one bacterial cell. | the eubacterium enterococcus hirae atcc 9790 possesses a h(+)-translocating atpase, and the deduced amino acid sequences of the genes coding for this enzyme have indicated that it is a typical f0f1-type atpase (shibata, c., ehara, t., tomura, k., igarashi, k., and kobayashi, h. (1992) j. bacteriol. 174, 6117-6124). we cloned the ntpa and ntpb genes coding for the a and b subunits, respectively, of na(+)-translocating atpase from the same bacterium, and the full amino acid sequences of the two su ... | 1993 | 8505293 |
| rns2: a senescence-associated rnase of arabidopsis that diverged from the s-rnases before speciation. | several self-compatible species of higher plants, such as arabidopsis thaliana, have recently been found to contain s-like rnases. these s-like rnases are homologous to the s-rnases that have been hypothesized to control self-incompatibility in solanaceous species. however, the relationship of the s-like rnases to the s-rnases is unknown, and their roles in self-compatible plants are not understood. to address these questions, we have investigated the rns2 gene, which encodes an s-like rnase (rn ... | 1993 | 8506358 |
| the vacuolar membrane protein gamma-tip creates water specific channels in xenopus oocytes. | the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) of higher plant cells contains an abundant 27 kda protein called tip (tonoplast intrinsic protein) that occurs in different isoforms and belongs to a large family of homologous channel-like proteins found in bacteria, plants and animals. in the present study, we identified and characterized the function of gamma-tip from arabidopsis thaliana by expression of the protein in xenopus oocytes. gamma-tip increased the osmotic water permeability of oocytes 6- to 8-fol ... | 1993 | 8508761 |
| haploid and diploid expression of a brassica campestris anther-specific gene promoter in arabidopsis and tobacco. | the anther-specific cdna clone bcp1 from brassica campestris is expressed in both the haploid pollen and diploid tapetum, as shown by in situ hybridization. we have isolated bgp1, a genomic clone homologous to bcp1. the coding region and extensive 5' flanking sequences of bgp1 have been sequenced, and the coding region shows 88% identity with bcp1. rna gel blot analysis confirmed the expression of bgp1-specific transcripts in b. campestris pollen. a 767 bp 5' dna fragment was fused to the report ... | 1993 | 8510662 |
| the higher plant arabidopsis thaliana encodes a functional cdc48 homologue which is highly expressed in dividing and expanding cells. | we have identified an arabidopsis thaliana cdc48 gene which, unlike the putative mammalian homologue vasolin-containing protein (vcp), functionally complements saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc48 mutants. cdc48 is an essential gene in s. cerevisiae and genetic studies suggest a role in spindle pole body separation. biochemical studies link vcp function to membrane trafficking and signal transduction. we have described the atcdc48 expression pattern in a multicellular eukaryote; the zones of cell divi ... | 1995 | 8521820 |
| characterisation of an arabidopsis thaliana cdna encoding glutathione synthetase. | an arabidopsis thaliana cdna (atgshs) encoding a protein with high primary sequence identity to cdnas previously isolated from xenopus laevis (42%), schizosaccharomyces pombe (40%), rattus norvegicus (40%) and homo sapiens (37%) encoding glutathione synthetase (ec 6.3.2.3) has been isolated by functional complementation of an escherichia coli mutant deficient in this enzyme. atgshs is encoded by a single gene, gshb, as determined by southern blot analysis and the corresponding mrna is abundant i ... | 1995 | 8521973 |
| construction of a cdna library for a specific region of a chromosome using a novel cdna selection method utilizing latex particles. | a novel method is described for the rapid concentration of particular cdnas and their mapping to specific regions of a genome. the strategy for 'cdna scanning' is based on the hybridization of an entire library of cdnas to a large fragment of genomic dna that is covalently bound to latex particles. the hybridized cdnas are eluted, amplified by pcr and cloned into a lambda vector. selected cdnas that hybridized to the genomic dna are cloned, with subsequent sequence analysis. region-specific dna ... | 1995 | 8522170 |
| arabidopsis mutants deficient in t-dna integration. | arabidopsis thaliana mutants originally isolated as hypersensitive to irradiation were screened for the ability to be transformed by agrobacterium transferred dna (t-dna). one of four uv-hypersensitive mutants and one of two gamma-hypersensitive mutants tested showed a significant reduction in the frequency of stable transformants compared with radioresistant controls. in a transient assay for t-dna transfer independent of genomic integration, both mutant lines took up and expressed t-dna as eff ... | 1995 | 8524849 |
| ethylene-binding sites generated in yeast expressing the arabidopsis etr1 gene. | mutations in the etr1 gene of arabidopsis thaliana confer insensitivity to ethylene, which indicates a role for the gene product in ethylene signal transduction. saturable binding sites for [14c]ethylene were detected in transgenic yeast expressing the etr1 protein, whereas control yeast lacking etr1 showed no detectable ethylene binding. yeast expressing a mutant form of etr1 (etr1-1) also showed no detectable ethylene binding, which provides an explanation for the ethylene-insensitive phenotyp ... | 1995 | 8525372 |
| molybdenum co-factor biosynthesis: the arabidopsis thaliana cdna cnx1 encodes a multifunctional two-domain protein homologous to a mammalian neuroprotein, the insect protein cinnamon and three escherichia coli proteins. | the molybdenum co-factor (moco) is an essential part of all eukaryotic molybdoenzymes. it is a molybdopterin and reveals the same principal structure in eubacteria, archaebacteria and eukaryotes. this paper reports the isolation of cnx1, a cdna clone of arabidopsis thaliana which complements the escherichia coli moco mutant moga. the mapping data of this cdna correlate well with the mapping position of the a. thaliana molybdenum co-factor locus chl6. as mutants in chl6 are known to be repairable ... | 1995 | 8528286 |
| the cic library: a large insert yac library for genome mapping in arabidopsis thaliana. | a new arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype columbia) genomic library has been constructed in yeast artificial chromosomes: the cic library (for ceph, inra and cnrs). optimization of plant culture conditions and protoplast preparation allowed the recovery of large amounts of viable protoplasts. mechanical shearing of dna was minimized by isolation of dna from protoplasts embedded in agarose. cloning of large inserts was favored by including two successive size fractionation steps (after partial ecori di ... | 1995 | 8528287 |
| identification of a family of closely related human ubiquitin conjugating enzymes. | two very closely related human e2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes, ubfh5b and ubch5c, have been identified. these enzymes are products of distinct genes and are 88-89% identical in amino acid sequence to the recently described human e2, ubch5 (now designated ubch5a), ubch5a-c are homologous to a family of five ubiquitin conjugating enzymes from arabidopsis thaliana, atubc8-12. they are also closely related to saccharomyces cerevisiae scubc4 and scubc5, which are involved in the stress response, an ... | 1995 | 8530467 |
| a 29.425 kb segment on the left arm of yeast chromosome xv contains more than twice as many unknown as known open reading frames. | the nucleotide sequence of a 29.425 kb fragment localized on the left arm of chromosome xv from saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined. the sequence contains 13 open reading frames (orfs) of which four encode the known genes adh1, coq3, msh2 and rcf4. predictions are made concerning the functions of the unknown orfs. some of the orfs contain sequences similar to expressed sequence tags (est) found in the database made available by tigr. in particular, the highly expressed adh1 gene is repr ... | 1995 | 8533473 |
| tissue-specific and light-responsive regulation of the promoter region of the arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene (fad7). | the arabidopsis fad7 gene encodes a chloroplast omega-3 fatty acid desaturase that catalyzes the desaturation of lipid-linked dienoic fatty acids (18:2 and 16:2). an 825 bp fad7 promoter fragment upstream from the transcriptional start point contained several short sequences which were homologous to the cis-elements (box ii, g-box, etc.) conserved in many light-responsive genes. we introduced the fad7 promoter fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) or the luciferase (luc) reporter gene into tobac ... | 1995 | 8534855 |
| ectopic expression of the arabidopsis transcriptional activator athb-1 alters leaf cell fate in tobacco. | the arabidopsis thaliana athb-1 is a homeobox gene of unknown function. by analogy with homeobox genes of other organisms, its gene product, athb-1, is most likely a transcription factor involved in developmental processes. we constructed a series of athb-1-derived genes to examine the roles of athb-1 in transcriptional regulation and plant development. athb-1 was found to transactivate a promoter linked to a specific dna binding site by transient expression assays. in transgenic tobacco plants, ... | 1995 | 8535134 |
| effect of volatile methyl jasmonate on the oxylipin pathway in tobacco, cucumber, and arabidopsis. | the effect of atmospheric methyl jasmonate on the oxylipin pathway was investigated in leaves of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.), cucumber (cucumis sativa l.), and arabidopsis thaliana (l.). differential sensitivities of test plants to methyl jasmonate were observed. thus, different concentrations of methyl jasmonate were required for induction of changes in the oxylipin pathway. arabidopsis was the least and cucumber the most sensitive to methyl jasmonate. methyl jasmonate induced the accumulati ... | 1995 | 8539290 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of isoforms encoding tonoplast-bound proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase in tobacco. | the tonoplast-bound proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase (v-type ppase) and the proton atpase (v-type atpase) are electrogenic proton pumps guaranteeing the energization of solute transport across the tonoplast. using an arabidopsis thaliana pcr cdna fragment corresponding to clone atavp3 we have isolated 24 cdna clones encoding tonoplast-bound inorganic pyrophosphatase of tobacco. based on restriction analysis the cdna clones could be grouped into three different classes. the complete ... | 1995 | 8541508 |
| cloning of an arabidopsis thaliana cdna encoding cystathionine beta-lyase by functional complementation in escherichia coli. | cystathionine beta-lyase, the second enzyme involved in the methionine biosynthetic pathway in plants, catalyses the synthesis of homocysteine from cystathionine. a cdna encoding cystathionine beta-lyase was cloned from an arabidopsis thaliana expression library by complementation of an escherichia coli mutant deficient in this enzyme. as deduced from the full-length nucleotide sequence (1.7 kb), the polypeptide contains 464 amino acids and presents a predicted m(r) of 50372. a. thaliana cystath ... | 1995 | 8541513 |
| inward and outward rectifying potassium currents in saccharomyces cerevisiae mediated by endogenous and heterelogously expressed ion channels. | disruption of genes encoding endogenous transport proteins in saccharomyces cerevisiae has facilitated the recent cloning, by functional expression, of cdnas encoding k+ channels and amino acid transporters from the plant arabidopsis thaliana [1-4]. in the present study, we demonstrate in whole-cell patch clamp experiments that the inability of trk1deltatrk2delta mutants of s. cerevisiae to grow on submillimolar k+ correlates with the lack of k+ inward currents, which are present in wild-type ce ... | 1994 | 8550001 |
| open reading frame 176 in the photosynthesis gene cluster of rhodobacter capsulatus encodes idi, a gene for isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase. | isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) isomerase catalyzes an essential activation step in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway. a database search based on probes from the highly conserved regions in three eukaryotic ipp isomerases revealed substantial similarity with orf176 in the photosynthesis gene cluster in rhodobacter capsulatus. the open reading frame was cloned into an escherichia coli expression vector. the encoded 20-kda protein, which was purified in two steps by ion exchange and hydrophobic in ... | 1996 | 8550491 |
| molecular cloning, heterologous expression, and characterization of human glyoxalase ii. | a clone encoding glyoxalase ii has been isolated from a human adult liver cdna library. the sequence of 1011 base pairs consists of a full-length coding region of 780 base pairs, corresponding to a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 28,861 daltons. identities (50-60%) were found to partial 5' and 3' cdna sequences from arabidopsis thaliana as well as within a limited region of glutathione transferase i cdna from corn. a vector was constructed for heterologous expression of glyoxalase ii ... | 1996 | 8550579 |
| novel plant ca(2+)-binding protein expressed in response to abscisic acid and osmotic stress. | a cdna corresponding to an mrna which accumulates in germinating rice seeds in response to the phytohormone abscisic acid was isolated by differential hybridization. northern blotting indicated that the mrna also accumulates in vegetative tissues in response to treatment with abscisic acid and to osmotic stress. sequencing identified a major open reading frame encoding a novel protein of 27.4 kda. the identity of the open reading frame was confirmed by comparing the translation products of cellu ... | 1996 | 8550584 |
| a chlorophyll synthetase gene from arabidopsis thaliana. | during the course of an arabidopsis thaliana genome sequencing project, we identified a gene, g4, with a derived amino acid sequence showing homology to the product of the rhodobacter capsulatus bchg locus which is involved in the esterification of bacteriochlorophyllide with geranylgeraniol. the relationship between this gene and bchg was confirmed by the isolation and analysis of a corresponding full-length cdna. comparison of genomic and cdna sequences indicated that the gene is made up of 14 ... | 1995 | 8552034 |
| isolation, expression, and evolution of the gene encoding mitochondrial elongation factor tu in arabidopsis thaliana. | we have characterized a second nuclear gene (tufm) in arabidopsis thaliana that encodes a eubacterial-like protein synthesis elongation factor tu (ef-tu). this gene does not closely resemble the previously described arabidopsis nuclear tufa gene, which encodes the plastid ef-tu, and does not contain sequence elements found in all cyanobacterial and plastid tufa genes. however, the predicted amino acid sequence includes an n-terminal extension which resembles an organellar targeting sequence and ... | 1995 | 8555448 |
| alternative oxidase from mango (mangifera indica, l.) is differentially regulated during fruit ripening. | alternative oxidase is a respiratory-chain component of higher plants and fungi that catalyzes cyanide-resistant oxygen consumption. the activity of a alternative oxidase has been detected during ripening in several climacteric fruit including mango (mangifera indica l.). synthetic oligonucleotides, corresponding to conserved regions of the sauromatum guttatum and arabidopsis thaliana nucleotide sequences, were used as primers for polymerase chain reaction to amplify genomic dna extracted from m ... | 1995 | 8555961 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of arabidopsis thaliana. application in t-dna tagging. | | 1995 | 8563830 |
| characterization of two members (acs1 and acs3) of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene family of arabidopsis thaliana. | the nucleotide sequences of two highly homologous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) synthase (acs; ec 4.4.1.14)-encoding genes, acs1 and acs3, of arabidopsis thaliana (at) have been determined. the sequence analysis shows that acs3 is a pseudogene representing a truncated version of acs1. the missing region of acs3 corresponding to the fourth exon of acs1 has been shown by southern analysis to be absent in the at genome. the chromosomal locations of the five members of the at acs multigene ... | 1995 | 8566772 |
| isolation and characterization of a cdna encoding arabidopsis thaliana 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a synthase. | an 1.7-kb arabidopsis thaliana (at) cdna was isolated by complementation of a bap1 mutation affecting the transport of branched-chain amino acids (aa) in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. the determination of the nucleotide (nt) sequence revealed an open reading frame of 1383 nt which may encode a protein of 461 aa with a predicted molecular mass of 51,038 da. the deduced aa sequence exhibited strong similarities with mammalian 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a synthase (hmgs) sequences. a ... | 1995 | 8566777 |
| arabidopsis expresses two genes that encode polypeptides similar to the yeast rna polymerase i and iii ac40 subunit. | a 40-kda subunit in eukaryotic rna polymerases (pol) i and iii (e.g., yeast yac40) is related in a part of its aa sequence to the alpha subunit of prokaryotic pol and to a 35-44-kda subunit in pol ii (e.g., yeast yb44). we have cloned two cdnas, atrpac42 and atrpac43, from an arabidopsis thaliana (at) (ecotype columbia) lambda yes expression library that encode pol i and iii subunits related to yac40. the aa sequences derived from the cdna clones were found to be 72% identical to each other and ... | 1995 | 8566778 |
| a gene encoding a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase is induced simultaneously with genes for a mitogen-activated protein kinase and an s6 ribosomal protein kinase by touch, cold, and water stress in arabidopsis thaliana. | we describe here the cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding a protein kinase that has high sequence homology to members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) kinase kinase (mapkkk or mekk) family; this cdna is named catmekki (arabidopsis thaliana map kinase or erk kinase kinase 1). the catalytic domain of the putative atmekk1 protein shows approximately 40% identity with the amino acid sequences of the catalytic domains of mapkkks (such as byr2 from schizosaccharomyces pombe, s ... | 1996 | 8570631 |
| the expression of the athb-8 homeobox gene is restricted to provascular cells in arabidopsis thaliana. | we have characterized an arabidopsis homeobox gene coding for a putative dna binding protein that represents an early marker for vascular development. the full-length cdna encodes a protein of 833 amino acids that we have designated athb-8; it contains the conserved dna binding domain that characterizes the hd-zip family of transcription factors. rna analysis showed that the athb-8 gene is expressed during the vegetative and the reproductive phases of plant growth. a higher steady-state level of ... | 1995 | 8575317 |
| isolation of two novel myb-like genes from arabidopsis and studies on the dna-binding properties of their products. | two novel myb-like genes (atmyb6 and atmyb7) were isolated from an arabidopsis thaliana cdna library. the entire proteins or the myb domains encoded by the genes were expressed as fusion proteins in escherichia coli. the dna-binding domain of the murine c-myb was also expressed in the same way for use in comparative studies. the fusion proteins were examined for their dna-binding activity using the animal c-myb dna-binding site (mbs) and the binding site of the maize p gene product (pbs). the my ... | 1995 | 8580966 |
| a biotechnological approach to improving the nutritive value of alfalfa. | the postruminal supply of the sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine, has been reported to be a major limitation to wool growth in sheep. we aim to improve the protein quality of forage for ruminants by introducing into alfalfa chimeric genes encoding a ruminally stable, sulfur amino acid-rich protein from sunflower seeds. four gene constructs were transferred to australian commercial cultivars of alfalfa using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and selection with ... | 1995 | 8582868 |
| intra- and interspecific variation of the alcohol dehydrogenase locus region in wild plants arabis gemmifera and arabidopsis thaliana. | | 1996 | 8587508 |
| cloning of a second arabidopsis peptide transport gene. | previously, we reported the isolation of a peptide transport gene designated atptr2 from arabidopsis thaliana by functional complementation of a yeast peptide transport mutant. we now report the isolation of a second peptide transport gene (atptr2-b) from arabidopsis using the same approach. similar to the effects of transferring atptr2-a (previously called atptr2), transfer of atptr2-b to yeast peptide transport mutants restored the ability to grow on di- and tripeptides but not peptides four r ... | 1996 | 8587981 |
| investigation of plant organellar dnas by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | mitochondrial (mt) dnas from several higher-plant species (arabidopsis thaliana, beta vulgaris, brassica hirta, chenopodium album, oenothera berteriana, zea mays) were separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). hybridization of the separated dna with mtdna-specific probes revealed an identical distribution of mtdna sequences in all cases: part of the dna formed a smear of linear molecules migrating into the gel, the rest remained in the well. hybridization signals in the compression z ... | 1995 | 8590487 |
| heat-inducible expression system for a foreign gene in cultured tobacco cells using the hsp18.2 promoter of arabidopsis thaliana. | a system for the controlled expression of a foreign gene in cultured tobacco cells (nicotiana tabacum, by2) by temperature shift was constructed. a 925-base-pair (bp) dna fragment containing the 5'-flanking region of a low-molecular-mass heat-shock protein gene (hsp18.2) of arabidopsis thaliana was inserted upstream of the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (gus). the resulting hsp18.2-gus construct was introduced into by2 cells by electroporation or agrobacterium-mediated transformation. transien ... | 1995 | 8597550 |
| arabidopsis thaliana cdna isolated by functional complementation shows homology to serine/threonine protein kinases. | the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae ste6 mutant is defective in transport of a-mating factor, resulting in an inability of ste6 a cells to mate with alpha cells. the gene encodes an atp-binding cassette, abc transporter. we used functional complementation of a yeast ste6 mutant with an arabidopsis thaliana expression library in an attempt to clone an arabidopsis homolog. sequence analysis of the isolated arabidopsis complementing cdna however showed no homology to the ste6 gene. high sequence sim ... | 1996 | 8597596 |
| functional expression of the plant k+ channel kat1 in insect cells. | following the biophysical analysis of plant k+ channels in their natural environment, three members from the green branch of the evolutionary tree of life kat1, akt1, and kst1 have recently been identified on the molecular level. among them, we focussed on the expression and characterization of the arabidopsis thaliana k+ channel kat1 in the insect cell line sf9. the infection of sf9 cells with kat1-recombinant baculovirus resulted in functional expression of kat1 channels, which was monitored b ... | 1996 | 8601430 |
| structural genes for mg-chelatase subunits in barley: xantha-f, -g and -h. | barley mutants in the loci xantha-f, xantha-g and xantha-h, when fed with 5-aminolevulinate in the dark, accumulate protoporphyrin ix. mutant alleles at these loci that are completely blocked in protochlorophyllide synthesis are also blocked in development of prolamellar bodies in etioplasts. in contrast to wild type, the xan-f, -g and -h mutants had no detectable mg-chelatase activity, whereas they all had methyltransferase activity for synthesis of mg-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester. antibodie ... | 1996 | 8602155 |
| molecular characterization of the gene coding for gprp, a class of proteins rich in glycine and proline interacting with membranes in arabidopsis thaliana. | the gene coding for a new class of proteins rich in glycine and proline (gprp) was cloned in arabidopsis thaliana. in the protein sequence, five amino acids - glycine, proline, alanine, tyrosine and histidine - account for 79.4% of the total composition. the protein has two different glycine-rich domains interrupted by a hydrophobic segment having a high probability of helix formation. the protein synthesized in vitro interacts with microsomes possibly through the hydrophobic domain. the gene in ... | 1996 | 8605310 |
| molecular cloning of a cdna encoding diacylglycerol kinase (dgk) in arabidopsis thaliana. | diacylglycerol kinase (dgk) synthesizes phosphatidic acid from diacylglycerol, an activator of protein kinase c (pkc), to resynthesize phosphatidylinositols. the structure of dgk has not been characterized in plants. we report the cloning of a cdna, catdgk1, encoding dgk from arabidopsis thaliana. the catdgk1 cdna contains an open reading frame of 2184 bp, and encodes a putative protein of 728 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 79.4 kda. the deduced atdgk1 amino acid sequence exhibit ... | 1996 | 8605313 |
| blasticidin s deaminase gene (bsd): a new selection marker gene for transformation of arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana tabacum. | arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana tabacum were transformed to blasticidin s (bs) resistance with bsd (the bs deaminase gene from aspergillus terreus) using the agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. expression of bsd allowed direct selection of transformants by the fungicide, and both kinds of transgenic plants showed high level of resistance phenotype at 100 ppm of bs sprayed on the leaves. using botrytis cinerea, the causal fungus of gray mold disease, it was exemplified that applicati ... | 1995 | 8611760 |
| cloning of arabidopsis thaliana glutathione synthetase (gsh2) by functional complementation of a yeast gsh2 mutant. | glutathione (l-gamma-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine, gsh) plays an important role in the protection of plants against various types of stress caused by reactive oxygen species, gazeous pollutants, heavy metals and xenobiotics. a cdna fragment containing the entire coding unit for glutathione synthetase (gsh2) of arabidopsis thaliana was cloned by complementation of the methylglyoxal sensitivity of a gsh2 mutant of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. the cdna encodes a protein of 478 amino acids (de ... | 1996 | 8612643 |
| generation of active oxygen in elicited cells of arabidopsis thaliana is mediated by a nadph oxidase-like enzyme. | suspension-cultured cells of arabidopsis thaliana generated active oxygen species (aos) (measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence) following challenge with the bacterial protein elicitor harpin or the protein kinase activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. these responses were blocked by inhibitors of superoxide dismutase (sod), nadph oxidase and protein kinase. harpin treatment also resulted in an increase in cell death, a response reduced by inhibitors of aos generation or aos scaveng ... | 1996 | 8612756 |
| functional expression of uridine 5'-diphospho-glucose 4-epimerase (ec 5.1.3.2) from arabidopsis thaliana in saccharomyces cerevisiae and escherichia coli. | it is our goal to investigate the biosynthesis of galactose-containing compounds in higher plants. searching a database of expressed sequence tags, a cdna from arabidopsis thaliana (clone 108g20t7) with sequence similarity to udp-glucose epimerase was identified and further analyzed. the 1356-bp-long cdna included an open reading frame predicted to encode a 351 amino acid protein of 39 kda. the presumed protein sequence showed a high degree of similarity to udp-glucose epimerase sequences from b ... | 1996 | 8615692 |
| differential stimulation of nad kinase and binding of peptide substrates by wild-type and mutant plant calmodulin isoforms. | calmodulin from arabidopsis thaliana consists of at least four isoforms, which differ in their deduced amino acid sequences by as many as six conservative substitutions. to determine whether these differences are biochemically significant, cdnas encoding three of the four isoforms were engineered to produce recombinant proteins in escherichia coli, purified to apparent homogeneity, and assayed for their abilities to activate pea leaf nad kinase in vitro. the cam-2 isoform was a significantly mor ... | 1996 | 8615696 |
| cell cycle-dependent accumulation of a kinesin-like protein, katb/c in synchronized tobacco by-2 cells. | immunoblot analysis with antibodies prepared against highly purified recombinant truncated kinesin-like proteins, katb(5-249) and katc(207-754), encoded by the katb and katc genes of arabidopsis thaliana revealed the presence of a kinesin-like polypeptide, termed katb/c, in cultured tobacco by-2 cells. the katb/c polypeptide cosedimented with microtubules in the presence of a nonhydrolyzable atp analogue and was released from microtubules in the presence of atp, both of which are characteristics ... | 1996 | 8616235 |
| nucleotide sequence of chinese rape mosaic virus (oilseed rape mosaic virus), a crucifer tobamovirus infectious on arabidopsis thaliana. | the complete nucleotide sequence of chinese rape mosaic virus has been determined. the virus is a member of the tobamovirus genus of plant virus and is able to infect arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh systemically. the analysis of the sequence shows a gene array that seems to be characteristic of crucifer tobamoviruses and which is slightly different from the one most frequently found in tobamoviruses. based on gene organization and on comparisons of sequence homologies between members of the toba ... | 1996 | 8616237 |
| transaldolase genes from the cyanobacteria anabaena variabilis and synechocystis sp. pcc 6803: comparison with other eubacterial and eukaryotic homologues. | we have sequenced and analysed the transaldolase (tal) genes from two cyanobacteria, anabaena variabilis (atcc 29413) and synechocystis sp. pcc 6803, which are filamentous heterocyst-forming and unicellular organisms, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences of the two cyanobacterial tal genes are 78% identical and are highly homologous to both eubacterial and eukaryotic transaldolases (escherichia coli, two yeasts, and man) with values ranging from 54 to 60% amino acid identity. in contra ... | 1996 | 8616240 |
| association between 36- and 13.6-kda alpha-like subunits of arabidopsis thaliana rna polymerase ii. | two subunits in rna polymerase ii (e.g. rpb3 and rpb11 in yeast) and two subunits common to rna polymerases i and iii (e.g. ac40 and ac19 in yeast) contain one or two motifs related to the alpha subunit in prokaryotic rna polymerases. we have sequenced two different cdnas (atrpb36a and atrpb36b), the two corresponding genes from arabidopsis thaliana that are homologs of yeast rpb3, and an arabidopsis cdna (atrpb13.6) that is a homolog of yeast rpb11. the b36a subunit is the predominant b36 subun ... | 1996 | 8617787 |
| functional and genetic characterization of the (methyl)ammonium uptake carrier of corynebacterium glutamicum. | under nitrogen starvation conditions, corynebacterium glutamicum was found to take up methylammonium at a rate of 20 +/- 5 nmol.min-1.(mg dry weight)-1. the specific activity of this uptake was 10-fold lower when growing the cells under sufficient nitrogen supply, indicating a tight regulation on the expression level. the methylammonium uptake showed michaelis-menten kinetics with an km of 44 +/- 7 microm and was completely inhibited by the addition of 10 microm ammonium. this finding and the fa ... | 1996 | 8621394 |
| mercuric ion reduction and resistance in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing a modified bacterial mera gene. | with global heavy metal contamination increasing, plants that can process heavy metals might provide efficient and ecologically sound approaches to sequestration and removal. mercuric ion reductase, mera, converts toxic hg2+ to the less toxic, relatively inert metallic mercury (hg0) the bacterial mera sequence is rich in cpg dinucleotides and has a highly skewed codon usage, both of which are particularly unfavorable to efficient expression in plants. we constructed a mutagenized mera sequence, ... | 1996 | 8622910 |
| a distinctly regulated protein repair l-isoaspartylmethyltransferase from arabidopsis thaliana. | protein-l-isoaspartate (d-aspartate) o-methyltransferases (ec 2.1.1.77) that catalyze the transfer of methyl groups from s-adenosylmethionine to abnormal l-isoaspartyl and d-aspartyl residues in a variety of peptides and proteins are widely distributed in procaryotes and eucaryotes. these enzymes participate in the repair of spontaneous protein damage by facilitating the conversion of l-isoaspartyl and d-aspartyl residues to normal l-aspartyl residues. in this work, we have identified an l-isoas ... | 1996 | 8624405 |
| isolation and characterization of an auxin-inducible glutathione s-transferase gene of arabidopsis thaliana. | genes homologous to the auxin-inducible nt103 glutathione s-transferase (gst) gene of tobacco, were isolated from a genomic library of arabidopsis thaliana. we isolated a lambda clone containing an auxin-inducible gene, at103-1a, and part of a constitutively expressed gene, at103-1b. the coding regions of the arabidopsis genes were highly homologous to each other and to the coding region of the tobacco gene but distinct from the gst genes that have been isolated from arabidopsis thusfar. overexp ... | 1996 | 8624414 |
| coordinate transcriptional induction of myo-inositol metabolism during environmental stress. | the pathway from glucose 6-phosphate (g 6-p) to myoinositol 1-phosphate (ins 1-p) and myo-inositol (ins) is essential for the synthesis of various metabolites. in the halophyte mesembryanthemum crystallinum (common ice plant), two enzymes, myo-inositol o-methyltransferase (imt1) and ononitol epimerase (oep1), extend this pathway and lead to the accumulation of methylated inositols, d-ononitol and d-pinitol, which serve as osmoprotectants. this paper describes transcripts for the enzyme, inps1, e ... | 1996 | 8624516 |
| molecular analysis of the arabidopsis pattern formation of gene gnom: gene structure and intragenic complementation. | the gnom gene is required for pattern formation along the main body axis of the embryo in the flowering plant arabidopsis thaliana. mutations in the gnom gene alter the asymmetric division of the zygote and interfere with the formation of distinct apical-basal regions in the developing embryo. we have isolated the gnom gene by positional cloning, characterised its structure and determined the molecular lesions in mutant alleles. although the predicted 163 kda gnom protein has a conserved domain ... | 1996 | 8628228 |
| cucumber t-complex protein. molecular cloning, bacterial expression and characterization within a 22-s cytosolic complex in cotyledons and hypocotyls. | t-complex protein (tcp) found in mammalian cells and yeast has been proposed as cytosolic folding machinery. we report here the cloning and initial characterization of a plant tcp cdna. cstcp-1 cdna prepared from mrna of cotyledons of germinating cucumber seeds encodes a polypeptide composed of 535 amino acid residues. the 59157-da protein exhibits only 28% identity to both tcp-1p from yeast or and its homolog in arabidopsis thaliana. antibodies raised against the bacterially expressed plant pro ... | 1996 | 8631317 |
| arabidopsis thaliana contains two differentially expressed farnesyl-diphosphate synthase genes. | the enzyme farnesyl-diphosphate synthase (fps; ec 2.5.1.1/ec 2.5.1.10) catalyzes the synthesis of farnesyl diphosphate (fpp) from isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp). this reaction is considered to be a rate-limiting step in isoprenoid biosynthesis. southern blot analysis indicates that arabidopsis thaliana contains at least 2 genes (fps1 and fps2) encoding fps. the fps1 and fps2 genes have been cloned and characterized. the two genes have a very similar organizat ... | 1996 | 8631820 |
| cloning by metabolic interference in yeast and enzymatic characterization of arabidopsis thaliana sterol delta 7-reductase. | reduction of the delta 7 double bond of sterols, a key biosynthetic step in higher eukaryotes, is lacking in lower eukaryotes like the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, leading to terminal sterols with a delta 5,7-conjugated diene structure. genes encoding two sterol reductases involved, respectively, in the reduction of sterol delta 14 and delta 24(28) double bonds have been cloned to date, but no sequence information was available on the enzyme responsible for delta 7-bond reduction. this study ... | 1996 | 8631902 |
| phenotypic expression of pseudomonas syringae avr genes in e. coli is linked to the activities of the hrp-encoded secretion system. | the specific recognition of elicitors produced by plant pathogenic bacteria carrying avirulence (avr) genes is postulated to initiate cellular defense responses in plants expressing corresponding resistance genes. the biochemical functions of most avr genes, however, are not known. a heterologous system was developed to phenotypically express pseudomonas syringae avr genes in escherichia coli cells that required the p. syringae hrp cluster. e. coli mc4100 transformants carrying the plasmic-borne ... | 1996 | 8634477 |
| the yeast zrt1 gene encodes the zinc transporter protein of a high-affinity uptake system induced by zinc limitation. | the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae has two separate systems for zinc uptake. one system has high affinity for substrate and is induced in zinc-deficient cells. the second system has lower affinity and is not highly regulated by zinc status. the zrt1 gene encodes the transporter for the high-affinity system, called zrt1p. the predicted amino acid sequence of zrt1p is similar to that of irt1p, a probable fe(ii) transporter from arabidopsis thaliana. like irt1p, zrt1p contains eight potential trans ... | 1996 | 8637895 |
| the pr5k receptor protein kinase from arabidopsis thaliana is structurally related to a family of plant defense proteins. | we have isolated an arabidopsis thaliana gene that codes for a receptor related to antifungal pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins. the pr5k gene codes for a predicted 665-amino acid polypeptide that comprises an extracellular domain related to the pr5 proteins, a central transmembrane-spanning domain, and an intracellular protein-serine/threonine kinase. the extracellular domain of pr5k (pr5-like receptor kinase) is most highly related to acidic pr5 proteins that accumulate in the extracellular s ... | 1996 | 8637920 |
| cloning and characterization of an arabidopsis thaliana cdna clone encoding an organellar isoform of serine acetyltransferase. | we have cloned an arabidopsis thaliana cdna encoding serine acetyltransferase (ec 2.3.1.30) by functional complementation of the escherichia coli cyse mutant jm15. the cdna clone sat-1 conferred serine acetyltransferase activity (with apparent km for the two substrates acetyl coa and l-serine of 0.043 and 3.47 mmol/dm3 respectively) on the cyse mutant. the 1515 bp full-length cdna encodes a deduced protein of 391 amino acids which includes a putative chloroplastic targeting presequence. northern ... | 1996 | 8639741 |
| molecular cloning of a sulfotransferase in arabidopsis thaliana and regulation during development and in response to infection with pathogenic bacteria. | a cdna clone (raro47) encoding a sulfotransferase (st) has been isolated from arabidopsis cell suspensions. the deduced polypeptide of 302 amino acids is highly related to plant flavonol sulfotransferases (fsts), characterized for the first time in flaveria, and also to sts from animal tissue. the expression of the arabidopsis st gene(s) corresponding to rar047 was examined during different developmental stages. it was found that, at the level of steady-state mrna, expression of gene(s) encoding ... | 1996 | 8639757 |
| a mutation in protein phosphatase 2a regulatory subunit a affects auxin transport in arabidopsis. | the phytohormone auxin controls processes such as cell elongation, root hair development and root branching. tropisms, growth curvatures triggered by gravity, light and touch, are also auxin-mediated responses. auxin is synthesized in the shoot apex and transported through the stem, but the molecular mechanism of auxin transport is not well understood. naphthylphthalamic acid (npa) and other inhibitors of auxin transport block tropic curvature responses and inhibit root and shoot elongation. we ... | 1996 | 8641277 |
| transformation of saccharomyces cerevisiae with a cdna encoding a sterol c-methyltransferase from arabidopsis thaliana results in the synthesis of 24-ethyl sterols. | using an est-cdna probe, a full-length cdna (411) sequence of 1411 bp was isolated from a. thaliana. this sequence contained features typical of methyltransferases in general and in particular showed 38% identity with erg6, a s. cerevisiae gene which encodes the zymosterol-c-24-methyltransferase. a yeast vector containing this orf (4118-pyedp60) was used to transform a wild type s. cerevisiae which accumulates predominantly ergosterol, a 24-methyl sterol as well as a mutant erg6 null mutant accu ... | 1996 | 8641446 |
| intron position as an evolutionary marker of thioredoxins and thioredoxin domains. | in contrast to prokaryotes, which typically possess one thioredoxin gene per genome, three different thioredoxin types have been described in higher plants. all are encoded by nuclear genes, but thioredoxins m and f are chloroplastic while thioredoxins h have no transit peptide and are probably cytoplasmic. we have cloned and sequenced arabidopsis thaliana genomic fragments encoding the five previously described thioredoxins h, as well as a sixth gene encoding a new thioredoxin h. in spite of th ... | 1996 | 8642611 |
| crystal structure of a human tata box-binding protein/tata element complex. | the tata box-binding protein (tbp) is required by all three eukaryotic rna polymerases for correct initiation of transcription of ribosomal, messenger, small nuclear, and transfer rnas. the cocrystal structure of the c-terminal/core region of human tbp complexed with the tata element of the adenovirus major late promoter has been determined at 1.9 angstroms resolution. structural and functional analyses of the protein-dna complex are presented, with a detailed comparison to our 1.9-angstroms res ... | 1996 | 8643494 |
| ozone-induced responses in arabidopsis thaliana: the role of salicylic acid in the accumulation of defense-related transcripts and induced resistance. | exposure of arabidopsis thaliana to ozone results in the expression of a number of defense-related genes that are also induced during a hypersensitive response. a potential common link between the activation of defense gene expression during a hypersensitive response and by ozone treatment is the production of active oxygen species and the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. here we report that salicylic acid accumulation, which can be induced by hydrogen peroxide and is required for the expressi ... | 1996 | 8643534 |
| a novel iron-regulated metal transporter from plants identified by functional expression in yeast. | iron is an essential nutrient for virtually all organisms. the irt1 (iron-regulated transporter) gene of the plant arabidopsis thaliana, encoding a probable fe(ii) transporter, was cloned by functional expression in a yeast strain defective for iron uptake. yeast expressing irt1 possess a novel fe(ii) uptake activity that is strongly inhibited by cd. irt1 is predicted to be an integral membrane protein with a metal-binding domain. data base comparisons and southern blot analysis indicated that i ... | 1996 | 8643627 |
| the arabidopsis thaliana ubc7/13/14 genes encode a family of multiubiquitin chain-forming e2 enzymes. | covalent modification of proteins by attachment of multiubiquitin chains serves as an essential signal for selective protein degradation in eukaryotes. the specificity of ubiquitin-protein conjugation is controlled in part by a diverse group of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (e2s or ubcs). we have previously reported that the product of the wheat taubc7 gene recognizes ubiquitin as a substrate for ubiquitination in vitro, catalyzing the condensation of free ubiquitin into multiubiquitin chains li ... | 1996 | 8647807 |
| cloning of a cdna encoded by a member of the arabidopsis thaliana atp sulfurylase multigene family. expression studies in yeast and in relation to plant sulfur nutrition. | an arabidopsis thaliana atp sulfurylase cdna (asa1), encoding a putative chloroplastic isoform, has been cloned by functional complementation of a saccharomyces cerevisiae (met3) atp sulfurylase mutant which also has a poor sulfate transport capacity. homologous complementation of the yeast mutant with the atp sulfurylase gene restores both atp sulfurylase function and sulfate transport. heterologous complementation restores only atp sulfurylase function as demonstrated by low [35s]sulfate influ ... | 1996 | 8647819 |