| tga3 is a distinct member of the tga family of bzip transcription factors in arabidopsis thaliana. | tga1a is a well-characterized transcription factor that may mediate the root-specific and auxin-responsive expression of some plant genes. in tobacco, southern blot and genomic cloning analyses have shown that tga1a consists of at least four closely related genes. since tga1a belongs to the bzip class of transcriptional factors, the protein products of the tobacco tga1a family are likely to form hetero-dimers with each other in addition to the homo-dimers. in order to find a model plant system t ... | 1994 | 8003690 |
| the highly edited orf206 in oenothera mitochondria may encode a component of a heme transporter involved in cytochrome c biogenesis. | a highly transcribed region in oenothera mitochondria codes for a reading frame (orf206) which shows high homology to the marchantia encoded mitochondrial open reading frame orf277 and is also conserved in the mitochondrial genomes of arabidopsis thaliana and daucus carota. transcripts of orf206 are modified by cytidine to uridine changes in 46 positions by rna editing, affecting 30% of all cytidines and 15% of the total encoded amino acids. this orf is cotranscribed with an upstream reading fra ... | 1994 | 8003696 |
| characterization of telomeric regions from ustilago maydis. | the isolation of telomeres from the phytopathogenic fungus ustilago maydis is described. the telomeric repeat from the plant arabidopsis thaliana, tttaggg, cross-hybridizes to bal31-sensitive fragments of u. maydis dna and detects many or all of the u. maydis chromosomes separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). this telomeric repeat was used to screen a library enriched for chromosome ends. three clones were isolated which contained the tandemly repeated sequence ttaggg. this sequen ... | 1994 | 8012578 |
| heterologous expression of plant vacuolar pyrophosphatase in yeast demonstrates sufficiency of the substrate-binding subunit for proton transport. | the membrane bounding the vacuole of plant cells contains two electrogenic proton pumps. these are the vacuolar h(+)-atpase (ec 3.6.1.3), an enzyme common to all eukaryotes, and a vacuolar h(+)-translocating pyrophosphatase (ec 3.6.1.1), which is ubiquitous in plants but otherwise known in only a few phototrophic bacteria. although the substrate-binding subunit of the vacuolar h(+)-pyrophosphatase has been identified and purified and cdnas encoding it have been isolated and characterized, the mi ... | 1994 | 8016125 |
| the characterization of a mitochondrial acyl carrier protein isoform isolated from arabidopsis thaliana. | a cdna clone was isolated from an arabidopsis leaf cdna library that shared a high degree of protein sequence identity with mitochondrial acyl carrier proteins (mtacps) isolated from neurospora crassa and bovine heart muscle. the cdna encoded an 88-amino acid mature protein that was preceded by a putative 35-amino acid presequence. in vitro protein import studies have confirmed that the presequence specifically targets this protein into pea mitochondria but not into chloroplasts. these studies i ... | 1994 | 8016262 |
| a new, pathogen-inducible gene of arabidopsis is expressed in an ecotype-specific manner. | in this study we describe a novel gene, which was isolated in an attempt to search for specific plant resistance genes of arabidopsis against isolates of the phytopathogenic bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. the gene was cloned by differential screening of a genomic library of the xcc 750-resistant ecotype col-0, using cdna populations derived from ecotype col-0 and the xcc 750-susceptible ecotype oy-0. the isolated gene, cxc750, is differentially expressed in ecotypes of arabidop ... | 1994 | 8018872 |
| a ubiquitously expressed mads-box gene from nicotiana tabacum. | experiments in antirrinum majus, arabidopsis thaliana and petunia hybrida have demonstrated that putative transcription factors of the so-called mads-box family play an important role in determining floral organ identity. such regulatory genes are transiently expressed in small numbers of cells in the floral apex. here we describe the isolation of a cdna from nicotiana tabacum coding for a mads-box protein which is expressed in both the floral and vegetative organs of the plant. | 1994 | 8018879 |
| analysis of clones carrying repeated dna sequences in two yac libraries of arabidopsis thaliana dna. | yac clones carrying repeated dna sequences from the arabidopsis thaliana genome have been characterized in two widely used arabidopsis yac libraries, the eg library and the ew library. ribosomal, chloroplast and the paracentromeric repeat sequences are differentially represented in the two libraries. the coordinates of yac clones hybridizing to these sequences are given. a high proportion of eg yac clones were classified as containing chimaeric inserts because individual clones carried unique se ... | 1994 | 8019591 |
| differential regulation of an auxin-producing nitrilase gene family in arabidopsis thaliana. | nitrilases (nitrile aminohydrolase, ec 3.5.5.1) convert nitriles to carboxylic acids. we report the cloning, characterization, and expression patterns of four arabidopsis thaliana nitrilase genes (nit1-4), one of which was previously described [bartling, d., seedorf, m., mithöfer, a. & weiler, e. w. (1992) eur. j. biochem. 205, 417-424]. the nitrilase genes encode very similar proteins that hydrolyze indole-3-acetonitrile to the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid in vitro, and three of the four g ... | 1994 | 8022831 |
| osmoregulation of a pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase gene in arabidopsis thaliana. | in arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. proline can account for up to 20% of the free amino acid pool after salt stress. proline accumulation occurs in plants mainly by de novo synthesis from glutamate. the last step of the proline biosynthetic pathway is catalyzed by pyrroline-5-carboxylate (p5c) reductase. a gene (at-p5c1) encoding this enzyme in a. thaliana has been cloned and sequenced. expression of at-p5c1 in escherichia coli resulted in the complementation of a proc mutant to prototrophy. a c ... | 1993 | 8022935 |
| isolation of arabidopsis thaliana mutants hypersensitive to gamma radiation. | a screening method for mutants of arabidopsis thaliana hypersensitive to gamma-radiation has been devised. plants grown from ethyl methanesulfonate (ems)-treated seeds were irradiated at the seedling stage, which is highly radiosensitive due to extensive cell division. severe growth inhibition of mutant plants by a gamma-ray dose which only slightly affects wild-type plants was the selective criterion. twelve true-breeding hypersensitive lines were isolated from a total of 3394 screened plants. ... | 1994 | 8028582 |
| molecular characterization of pab2, a member of the multigene family coding for poly(a)-binding proteins in arabidopsis thaliana. | the poly(a) tail of eukaryotic mrnas associates with poly(a)-binding (pab) proteins whose role in mrna translation and stability is being intensively investigated. very little is known about the structure and function of the pab genes in plants. we have cloned multiple pab-related sequences from arabidopsis thaliana. results suggest that pab proteins are encoded by a multigene family. one member of this family (pab2) is expressed in root and shoot tissues. the complete nucleotide sequence of pab ... | 1993 | 8029336 |
| genomic nucleotide sequence of a gene from arabidopsis thaliana encoding a protein homolog of escherichia coli reca. | | 1993 | 8029344 |
| identification of a light-responsive region of the nuclear gene encoding the b subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from arabidopsis thaliana. | we report here the identification of a cis-acting region involved in light regulation of the nuclear gene (gapb) encoding the b subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from arabidopsis thaliana. our results show that a 664-bp gapb promoter fragment is sufficient to confer light induction and organ-specific expression of the escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (gus) in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants. deletion analysis indicates that the -261 to ... | 1994 | 8029358 |
| heterospecific cloning of arabidopsis thaliana cdnas by direct complementation of pyrimidine auxotrophic mutants of saccharomyces cerevisiae. i. cloning and sequence analysis of two cdnas catalysing the second, fifth and sixth steps of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. | an arabidopsis thaliana cdna library was used to complement saccharomyces cerevisiae pyrimidine auxotrophic mutants. mutants in all but one (carbamylphosphate synthetase) of the six steps in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway could be complemented. we report here the cloning, sequencing and computer analysis of two cdnas encoding the aspartate transcarbamylase (atcase; ec 2.1.3.2) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase-orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (oprtase-ompdecase; ec 2.4.2.10, ... | 1994 | 8041358 |
| isolation and characterization of the gene encoding 2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase from saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the erg7 gene encoding oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase [(s)-2,3-epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol forming), ec 5.4.99.7] from saccharomyces cerevisiae has been cloned by genetic complementation of a cyclase-deficient erg7 strain. the dna sequence of this gene has been determined and found to contain an open reading frame of 2196 nt (including stop codon) that encodes a predicted protein of 731 amino acids. the predicted molecular mass of the s. cerevisiae cyclase, 83.4 kda, is similar ... | 1994 | 8041797 |
| cloning, sequence analysis and expression of the gene encoding imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase in cryptococcus neoformans. | a cdna from cryptococcus neoformans, encoding imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase (igpd), was isolated by complementation of a his3 mutant strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae. the c. neoformans his3 cdna encodes an approx. 22-kda protein with a high degree of amino-acid sequence similarity to igpds from ten other microorganisms, as well as arabidopsis thaliana. most striking are two conserved hhxxe regions and several conserved his, asp and glu residues. the cdna was engineered for expressio ... | 1994 | 8045413 |
| a cdna for adenylyl sulphate (aps)-kinase from arabidopsis thaliana. | a cdna clone with an open reading frame of 831 nucleotides was isolated from a lambda zapii-library of arabidopsis thaliana. the nucleotide sequence of the cdna is homologous to the aps-kinase genes from enterobacteria, diazotrophic bacteria, and yeast: escherichia coli (cys c: 53.2%), rhizobium meliloti (nod q: 52.6%), and saccharomyces cerevisiae (met 14:57.1%). the polypeptide deduced from the plant aps-kinase cdna is comprised of 276 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 29,790. it ... | 1994 | 8049272 |
| isolation of a poplar and an arabidopsis thaliana dihydrodipicolinate synthase cdna clone. | a poplar dhdps cdna clone has been isolated by functional rescue of the dapa-deficient at997 mutant of escherichia coli. by sequence comparison between the poplar and maize dhdps cdnas, two oligonucleotides were designed to perform polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on arabidopsis thaliana genomic dna. the pcr fragment was subsequently used to isolate an arabidopsis dhdps genomic and cdna clone. | 1994 | 8049377 |
| isolation of a cdna encoding a 70 kda heat-shock cognate protein expressed in vegetative tissues of arabidopsis thaliana. | a cdna encoding a 70 kda heat shock 'cognate' protein (hsc70) was isolated from arabidopsis thaliana by using a rat hsc70 cdna as probe. sequence analysis demonstrated the conservation of functional domains and important amino acid residues among hsc70s in plants and animals. the expression of this gene was stress-inducible, and was found at a substantial level during normal growth in root, stem, leaf and flower tissues, but not in siliques. multiple copies of this gene exist in the arabidopsis ... | 1994 | 8049382 |
| identification of molecular markers of embryogenesis in arabidopsis thaliana by promoter trapping. | the technique of promoter trapping has been exploited to identify markers of embryogenesis in arabidopsis thaliana. a population of transgenic a. thaliana was generated containing the promoter trap vector pdeltagusbin19, following agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. this vector contains at the t-dna left border, a promoterless gusa gene, which is activated following integration downstream of a native gene promoter that directs transgene transcription. screening of a population of ... | 1994 | 8054995 |
| cloning of a cdna encoding atp sulfurylase from arabidopsis thaliana by functional expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | atp sulfurylase, the first enzyme in the sulfate assimilation pathway of plants, catalyzes the formation of adenosine phosphosulfate from atp and sulfate. here we report the cloning of a cdna encoding atp sulfurylase (aps1) from arabidopsis thaliana. aps1 was isolated by its ability to alleviate the methionine requirement of an atp sulfurylase mutant strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). expression of aps1 correlated with the presence of atp sulfurylase enzyme activity in cell extracts. ap ... | 1994 | 8058839 |
| effect of chitinase antisense rna expression on disease susceptibility of arabidopsis plants. | chitinases accumulate in higher plants upon pathogen attack are capable of hydrolyzing chitin-containing fungal cell walls and are thus implicated as part of the plant defense response to fungal pathogens. to evaluate the relative role of the predominate chitinase (class i, basic enzyme) of arabidopsis thaliana in disease resistance, transgenic arabidopsis plants were generated that expressed antisense rna to the class i chitinase. young plants or young leaves of some plants expressing antisense ... | 1994 | 8061313 |
| isolation of an arabidopsis thaliana casein kinase ii beta subunit by complementation in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | casein kinase ii is thought to play an essential role in the control of cell division and differentiation in all eukaryotes. through complementation of a defective casein kinase ii catalytic subunit gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae, we isolated an arabidopsis thaliana casein kinase ii regulatory subunit homologue, ckb1. a second regulatory subunit was identified by low-stringency hybridization with ckb1. casein kinase ii from s. cerevisiae is composed of two catalytic (alpha) and two regulator ... | 1994 | 8061317 |
| isolation of a mrna encoding a nucleoside diphosphate kinase from tomato that is up-regulated by wounding. | a cdna clone (tab2) encoding a nucleoside diphosphate (ndp) kinase has been isolated from a tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill. cv. ailsa craig) cdna library. the clone is 590 bp long and exhibits a high degree of sequence identity with spinach ndp kinases i and ii, pisum sativum ndp kinase i, arabidopsis thaliana ndp kinase, drosophila melanogaster ndp kinase, dictyostelium discoideum ndp kinase and human nm 23-h1 and nm23-h2. northern analysis has revealed that the mrna encoded by tab2 is up ... | 1994 | 8061324 |
| direct transfer of plasmid dna from intact yeast spheroplasts into plant protoplasts. | we developed a polyethylene glycol (peg)-mediated direct dna transfer method from intact saccharomyces cerevisiae spheroplasts into arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts. to monitor the dna transfer from yeast to plant cells, beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene in which a plant intron was inserted was used as a reporter. this intron-gus reporter gene on a 2 microns-based plasmid vector was not expressed in yeast transformants, while it expressed gus activity when the plasmid dna was introduced int ... | 1994 | 8061937 |
| isolation and characterization of cdnas encoding imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydratase from arabidopsis thaliana. | cdna clones encoding imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydratase (igpd; ec 4.2.1.19) from arabidopsis thaliana were isolated by complementation of a bacterial auxotroph. the predicted primary translation product shared significant identity with the corresponding sequences from bacteria and fungi. as in yeast, the plant enzyme is monofunctional, lacking the histidinol phosphatase activity present in the escherichia coli protein. igpd mrna was present in major organs at all developmental stages assayed ... | 1994 | 8066131 |
| sequencing and characterization of the kinesin-related genes katb and katc of arabidopsis thaliana. | complementary dnas of two kinesin-related genes, katb and katc, were isolated from arabidopsis thaliana and sequenced. the carboxyl-terminal regions of the polypeptides encoded by these genes, especially the presumptive atp-binding and microtubule-binding domains, share significant sequence homology with the mechanochemical motor domain of the kinesin heavy chain. the predicted secondary structures of katb and katc proteins include a large globular domain in the carboxyl-terminal region and a sm ... | 1994 | 8075402 |
| two genes that encode ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases are induced by drought and high-salt stresses in arabidopsis thaliana. | two cdna clones, catcdpk1 and catcdpk2, encoding ca(2+)-dependent, calmodulin-independent protein kinases (cdpk) were cloned from arabidopsis thaliana and their nucleotide sequences were determined. northern blot analysis indicated that the mrnas corresponding to the atcdpk1 and atcdpk2 genes are rapidly induced by drought and high-salt stress but not by low-temperature stress or heat stress. treatment of arabidopsis plants with exogenous abscisic acid (aba) had no effect on the induction of atc ... | 1994 | 8078458 |
| differential expression of several e2-type ubiquitin carrier protein genes at different developmental stages in arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana sylvestris. | we characterized three genes encoding different e2-type ubiquitin carrier proteins involved in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway: ubcat3 shows homologies to the yeast cdc34 gene and ub-cat4a and ubcat4b are two different genes homologous to the ubc1/4/5 subfamily in yeast. their accumulation was analysed and compared with that of the different families encoding polyubiquitins, as well as the monoubiquitin fusion protein, which is considered as a marker for cell division, during various ... | 1994 | 8078482 |
| characterization of minisatellites in arabidopsis thaliana with sequence similarity to the human minisatellite core sequence. | a strategy based on random pcr amplification was used to isolate new repetitive elements of arabidopsis thaliana. one of the random pcr product analyzed by this approach contained a tandem repetitive minisatellite sequence composed of 33 bp repeated units. the genomic locus corresponding to this pcr product was isolated by screening a lambda genomic library. new related loci were also isolated from the genomic library by screening with a 14 mer oligonucleotide representing a region conserved amo ... | 1994 | 8078766 |
| isolation and characterization of two cdnas encoding for compartment specific isoforms of o-acetylserine (thiol) lyase from arabidopsis thaliana. | cdnas encoding for two isoforms of o-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (oas-tl), which catalyzes the synthesis of cysteine, have been isolated from arabidopsis thaliana. secondary structure together with expression patterns derived during photomorphogenesis indicate cellular localizations in the cytosol and plastids, thus allowing a direct comparison of compartment-specific forms within one species. the cytosolic oas-tl complemented an e. coli auxotrophic mutant lacking cysteine synthesis. both isoform ... | 1994 | 8082776 |
| biochemical properties of the autophosphorylation of rlk5, a receptor-like protein kinase from arabidopsis thaliana. | the rlk5 gene of arabidopsis thaliana encodes a novel receptor-like protein kinase. dna sequence analysis suggests that the rlk5 protein contains an extracellular domain that has 21 tandemly repeated leucine-rich motifs linked, via a transmembrane hydrophobic region, to a protein kinase catalytic domain that is related to the serine/threonine family of protein kinases. to study the intrinsic biochemical properties of this protein kinase we have expressed the catalytic domain as two different rec ... | 1994 | 8086440 |
| identification of a human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that mediates the e6-ap-dependent ubiquitination of p53. | the e6 protein of the oncogenic human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 facilitates the rapid degradation of the tumor-suppressor protein p53 via the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. the e6 protein binds to a cellular protein of 100 kda termed e6-ap. the complex of e6 and e6-ap specifically interacts with p53 and induces the ubiquitination of p53 in a reaction which requires the ubiquitin-activating enzyme (e1) and a cellular fraction thought to contain a mammalian ubiquitin-conjugating enz ... | 1994 | 8090726 |
| isolation of phytoalexin-deficient mutants of arabidopsis thaliana and characterization of their interactions with bacterial pathogens. | a genetic approach was used to assess the extent to which a particular plant defense response, phytoalexin biosynthesis, contributes to arabidopsis thaliana resistance to pseudomonas syringae pathogens. the a. thaliana phytoalexin, camalexin, accumulated in response to infection by various p. syringae strains. no correlation between pathogen avirulence and camalexin accumulation was observed. a biochemical screen was used to isolate three mutants of a. thaliana ecotype columbia that were phytoal ... | 1994 | 8090752 |
| rps2 of arabidopsis thaliana: a leucine-rich repeat class of plant disease resistance genes. | plant disease resistance genes function is highly specific pathogen recognition pathways. prs2 is a resistance gene of arabidopsis thaliana that confers resistance against pseudomonas syringae bacteria that express avirulence gene avrrpt2. rps2 was isolated by the use of a positional cloning strategy. the derived amino acid sequence of rps2 contains leucine-rich repeat, membrane-spanning, leucine zipper, and p loop domains. the function of the rps2 gene product in defense signal transduction is ... | 1994 | 8091210 |
| xenopus laevis ribosomal protein s11: cloning and sequencing of the cdna and primary structure of the protein. | we have cloned a xenopus laevis cdna coding for the 40s subunit cytoplasmic ribosomal protein s11. the nucleotide sequence was determined and the derived amino acid sequence reveals that the protein has 158 amino acid residues and a calculated molecular mass of 18,424 da. amino acid sequence comparison with the homologous counterparts from very diverse groups of organisms representing animals (human and rat), fungi (yeast) and plants (maize and arabidopsis thaliana), shows that this protein is v ... | 1994 | 8093055 |
| floral organ-specific and constitutive expression of an arabidopsis thaliana heat-shock hsp18.2::gus fusion gene is retained even after homeotic conversion of flowers by mutation. | organ-specific and constitutive expression of the arabidopsis hsp18.2 gene under normal growth conditions (22 degrees c) was observed in transgenic a. thaliana, which carried a fusion gene composed of the promoter region of hsp18.2, one of the genes for low molecular weight heat-shock proteins in arabidopsis, and the gene for beta-glucuronidase (gus) from escherichia coli. in order to clarify the organ-specific nature of promoter expression, various mutations that affect flower morphology were i ... | 1993 | 8096057 |
| chromosome walking with yac clones in arabidopsis: isolation of 1700 kb of contiguous dna on chromosome 5, including a 300 kb region containing the flowering-time gene co. | the co mutation of arabidopsis thaliana causes a late-flowering phenotype that is insensitive to day-length. the mutation was mapped previously to the upper arm of chromosome 5, approximately 1.6 cm from the chalcone synthase gene (chs). we were provided with five yeast artificial chromosome (yac) libraries and used these to perform a chromosome walk from chs to the co gene. in this paper we report the isolation of 1700 kb of contiguous arabidopsis dna, which represents approximately 1%-2% of th ... | 1993 | 8099710 |
| nucleotide sequences recognized by the agamous mads domain of arabidopsis thaliana in vitro. | the agamous gene of arabidopsis thaliana is a homeotic gene involved in the development of stamens and carpels. this gene encodes a putative dna-binding protein sharing a homologous region with the dna-binding domains, mads boxes, of yeast mcm1 and mammalian srf. to examine the dna-binding activity of the agamous protein, double-stranded oligonucleotides with random sequences of 40 bp in the central region were synthesized and mixed with the agamous mads domain overproduced in escherichia coli. ... | 1993 | 8106084 |
| isolating the arabidopsis thaliana genes for de novo purine synthesis by suppression of escherichia coli mutants. i. 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-aminoimidazole synthetase. | we have initiated an investigation of the de novo purine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway in the plant arabidopsis thaliana. functional suppression of escherichia coli auxotrophs allowed the direct isolation of expressed arabidopsis leaf cdnas. using this approach we have successfully suppressed mutants in 4 of the 12 genes in this pathway. one of these cdna clones, encoding 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-aminoimidazole (air) synthetase (pur5) has been characterized in detail. analysis of genomic dna sugges ... | 1993 | 8108507 |
| studies of the role of the propeptides of the arabidopsis thaliana 2s albumin. | to investigate the possible roles of the arabidopsis thaliana 2s albumin propeptides with respect to sorting, processing, and stability of the protein in plant cells, five gene constructions deleting or modifying the propeptides were made based on one of the genes encoding the arabidopsis 2s albumin. these constructions were introduced into tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants. using subcellular fractionation and immunocytochemistry on ripe seeds, it was demonstrated that none of the propeptides w ... | 1993 | 8108508 |
| characterization of an arabidopsis calmodulin-like domain protein kinase purified from escherichia coli using an affinity sandwich technique. | a full-length cdna encoding a calcium-dependent protein kinase with a calmodulin-like domain from arabidopsis thaliana (ak-1 for arabidopsis kinase-1) has been expressed as a fusion protein (called ak-1-6h) in escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity with high specific activity (typically 2000 nmol min-1 mg-1) using an "affinity sandwich" technique. ak-1-6h protein phosphorylation activity using histone as substrate was stimulated up to 50-fold by the addition of calcium alone or up to ... | 1994 | 8117660 |
| enod8, a novel early nodule-specific gene, is expressed in empty alfalfa nodules. | the alfalfa enod8 nodule-specific gene is expressed in empty nodules elicited by exopolysaccharide-deficient rhizobium meliloti, and it is expressed early in nodule development. an enod8 cdna was sequenced and found to encode a novel product. its deduced polypeptide sequence was found to be similar to the nonproline-rich domains of the putative polypeptides encoded by a class of anther-specific genes from arabidopsis thaliana and brassica napus. the role of the enod8 gene product is predicted to ... | 1993 | 8118054 |
| complementation of an arabidopsis thaliana mutant that lacks complex asparagine-linked glycans with the human cdna encoding n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i. | n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i (ec 2.4.1.101) initiates the conversion of high-mannose asparagine-linked glycans to complex asparagine-linked glycans in plant as well as in animal cells. this golgi enzyme is missing in the cgl mutant of arabidopsis thaliana, and the mutant cells are unable to synthesize complex glycans. transformation of cells from the mutant plants with the cdna encoding human n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i restores the wild-type phenotype of the plant cells. fractionatio ... | 1994 | 8127889 |
| analysis of a translational enhancer upstream from the coat protein open reading frame of potato virus s. | evidence has suggested that the subgenomic rna of the carlavirus potato virus s is an efficient message for the coat protein, even though evidence suggests it is uncapped at its 5' terminus. we have investigated the effect of the upstream region of the coat protein gene of potato virus s on the level of reporter gene expression in vitro. the region of 101 nucleotides upstream of the coat protein, designated vte (viral translational enhancer) was found to increase levels of translation in compari ... | 1994 | 8129619 |
| characterization of two cdnas that encode map kinase homologues in arabidopsis thaliana and analysis of the possible role of auxin in activating such kinase activities in cultured cells. | two cdna clones, catmpk1 and catmpk2, encoding map kinases (mitogen-activated protein kinases) have been cloned from arabidopsis thaliana and their nucleotide sequences have been determined. putative proteins encoded by atmpk1 and atmpk2 genes, designated atmpk1 and atmpk2, contain 370 and 376 amino acid residues, respectively, and are 88.7% identical at the amino acid sequence level. atmpk1 and atmpk2 exhibit significant similarity to rat erk2 (49%) and xenopus map kinase (50%). the amino acid ... | 1994 | 8130795 |
| molecular cloning, characterization, and overexpression of erg7, the saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding lanosterol synthase. | we report the cloning, characterization, and overexpression of saccharomyces cerevisiae erg7, which encodes lanosterol synthase [(s)-2,3-epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol forming), ec 5.4.99.7], the enzyme responsible for the complex cyclization/rearrangement step in sterol biosynthesis. oligonucleotide primers were designed corresponding to protein sequences conserved between candida albicans erg7 and the related arabidopsis thaliana cycloartenol synthase [(s)-2,3-epoxysqualene mutase ... | 1994 | 8134375 |
| cloning of a 3-methyladenine-dna glycosylase from arabidopsis thaliana. | we have isolated an arabidopsis thaliana cdna that complements the methyl methanesulfonate-sensitive phenotype of an escherichia coli double mutant deficient in 3-methyladenine glycosylases (dna-3-methyladenine glycosidases i and ii, ec 3.2.2.20 and 3.2.2.21, respectively, encoded by tag and alka). expression of the arabidopsis cdna enhances the methyl methanesulfonate resistance of the e. coli double mutant by nearly four orders of magnitude. the cdna corresponds to a single-copy, nuclearly enc ... | 1994 | 8134381 |
| characterization of cis-acting elements in light regulation of the nuclear gene encoding the a subunit of chloroplast isozymes of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from arabidopsis thaliana. | we have characterized cis-acting elements involved in light regulation of the nuclear gene (gapa) encoding the a subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) in arabidopsis thaliana. our results show that a 1.1-kb promoter fragment of the gapa gene is sufficient to confer light inducibility and organ specificity in transgenic nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) plants, using the beta-glucuronidase gene of escherichia coli as the reporter gene. deletion analysis indicates that ... | 1994 | 8139555 |
| are there two dna methyltransferase gene families in plant cells? a new potential methyltransferase gene isolated from an arabidopsis thaliana genomic library. | using the 1kb 3' terminal dna fragment of the mouse methyltransferase cdna as a probe and low stringent hybridisation conditions, a new potential methyltransferase (mtase) gene family was isolated from an arabidopsis thaliana genomic dna library. one clone (mtase-11), which gave the strongest signal at the northern blot, was entirely sequenced (11483 bp) and further characterised. under consideration of the likely open reading frames and our preliminary cdna experiments we propose that the clone ... | 1994 | 8152926 |
| homologues of wheat ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes--taubc1 and taubc4 are encoded by small multigene families in arabidopsis thaliana. | covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other cellular proteins has been implicated in a multitude of diverse physiological processes in eukaryotes including selective protein degradation. this attachment is carried out by a multi-enzyme pathway consisting of three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes (e1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (e2s), and ubiquitin-protein ligases (e3s). e2s accept activated ubiquitin from e1 and conjugate it to target proteins with or without the participation ... | 1994 | 8155884 |
| synechocystis pcc 6803 contains a single gene for the beta subunit of tryptophan synthase with strong homology to the trpb genes of arabidopsis and maize (zea mays l.). | we report the sequence of the trpb gene of the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803. this gene was cloned from a plasmid library by functional complementation of a trpb mutant of escherichia coli k-12. among the known trpb sequences, the synechocystis gene bears the greatest homology to the duplicated trpb genes of arabidopsis thaliana and zea mays. southern and northern blotting analyses suggest that synechocystis contains only a single trpb gene. in contrast to all other prokaryotes, syne ... | 1994 | 8159786 |
| a small gtp-binding protein from arabidopsis thaliana functionally complements the yeast ypt6 null mutant. | a clone designated a.t.rab6 encoding a small gtp-binding protein was isolated from a cdna library of arabidopsis thaliana leaf tissue. the predicted amino acid sequence was highly homologous to the mammalian and yeast counterparts, h.rab6 and ryh1/ypt6, respectively. lesser homology was found between the predicted arabidopsis protein sequence and two small gtp-binding proteins isolated from plant species (44% homology to zea mays ypt1 and 43% homology to nicotiana tabacum rab5). conserved stretc ... | 1994 | 8159788 |
| conservation of the human breast basic conserved 1 gene in the plant kingdom: characterization of a cdna clone from arabidopsis thaliana. | based on low-stringency genomic southern analysis, the recently described human breast basic conserved 1 (bbc1) gene has been proposed to be conserved throughout eukaryota [adams et al., hum. mol. genet. 1 (1992) 91-96]. we have isolated and characterized a cdna clone (atbbc1) which corresponds to a bbc1 homologue from the model plant species, arabidopsis thaliana. furthermore, upon northern analysis, the atbbc1 probe detects related transcripts in various dicotyledenous and monocotyledonous pla ... | 1994 | 8163191 |
| the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene as a conditional negative-selection marker gene in arabidopsis thaliana. | the human herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase type 1 gene (hsvtk) acts as a conditional lethal marker in mammalian cells. the hsvtk-encoded enzyme is able to phosphorylate certain nucleoside analogs (e.g. ganciclovir, an antiherpetic drug), thus converting them to toxic dna replication inhibitors. the utility of hsvtk as a conditional negative-selection marker was explored in arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. hsvtk was introduced into arabidopsis by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. transg ... | 1994 | 8165243 |
| isolation of a cdna encoding chloroplast ferrochelatase from arabidopsis thaliana by functional complementation of a yeast mutant. | ferrochelatase catalyzes the insertion of ferrous iron into protoporphyrin ix to form protoheme. it is located in the mitochondria in all eukaryotes and is also found in plastids in plants. although it has been purified from animals and microorganisms, and genes for it isolated and characterized, very little is known about plant ferrochelatases. we have isolated a cdna for ferrochelatase from the higher plant arabidopsis thaliana by functional complementation of a mutant of saccharomyces cerevis ... | 1994 | 8175771 |
| identification of an arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding a plasma membrane h(+)-atpase whose expression is restricted to anther tissue. | a gene (aha9) for a plasma membrane h(+)-atpase was isolated from an arabidopsis thaliana genomic library and sequenced. comparison of the aha9 predicted amino acid sequence with those of aha1, 2 and 3 and analogous genes from other species indicated the existence of at least two aha gene subfamilies whose divergence precedes that of the nicotiana and arabidopsis species. transcript analysis in various organs revealed expression of aha9 in flower tissues only. introduction of aha9 into nicotiana ... | 1994 | 8180619 |
| transient transformation of arabidopsis leaf protoplasts: a versatile experimental system to study gene expression. | an improved protocol is reported to isolate and transiently transform mesophyll protoplasts of arabidopsis thaliana. transfected leaf protoplasts support high levels of expression of the bacterial reporter gene coding for beta-glucuronidase (gus), under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. transient expression of gus activity was monitored spectrophotometrically and reached a maximum between 18 and 48 h after polyethylene glycol (peg)-mediated dna uptake. histochemica ... | 1994 | 8180625 |
| [the comparative radioresistance of chronically irradiated populations of arabidopsis]. | the radioresistance of seeds of populations of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. growing for 5 years in the regions with different levels of radioactive contamination within 30 km zone of chernobyl npp was studied. the analysis of comparative radiosensitivity by root test was performed. it has been shown that plants from arabidopsis population growing under chronic irradiation did not gain an increased radioresistance. the data obtained show that they are more radiosensitive. | 1994 | 8193703 |
| amino acid sequence similarities between the vacuolar proton-pumping inorganic pyrophosphatase and the c-subunit of f0f1-atpases. | comparison of the arabidopsis thaliana vacuolar proton-pumping inorganic pyrophosphatase with three f0f1-atpase c-subunits revealed a strong similarity between a stretch containing amino acids 227-245 of the h(+)-ppase and a transmembrane alpha-helix of the c-subunits which contains the glutamate which binds n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. | 1993 | 8199778 |
| identification of plant genetic loci involved in a posttranscriptional mechanism for meiotically reversible transgene silencing. | numerous reports describe phenomena of transgene silencing in plants, yet the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. we observed that regeneration of arabidopsis thaliana plants transgenic for the rolb gene of agrobacterium rhizogenes results in a selection for transgene silencing. transgene silencing could be monitored in this system by reversion of the visible rolb phenotype. we report a phenotypic, molecular, and genetic characterization of a meiotically reversible ... | 1994 | 8202523 |
| molecular analysis of the aspartate kinase-homoserine dehydrogenase gene from arabidopsis thaliana. | the gene encoding arabidopsis thaliana aspartate kinase (atp:l-aspartate 4-phosphotransferase, ec 2.7.2.4) was isolated from genomic dna libraries using the carrot ak-hsdh gene as the hybridizing probe. two genomic libraries from different a. thaliana races were screened independently with the ak probe and the hsdh probe. nucleotide sequences of the a. thaliana overlapping clones were determined and encompassed 2 kb upstream of the coding region and 300 bp downstream. the corresponding cdna was ... | 1994 | 8204822 |
| the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase-encoding gene of arabidopsis thaliana. | the apt gene, coding for adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt), has been isolated from the plant arabidopsis thaliana. data from both southern analysis and characterization of apt clones isolated from a genomic library is consistent with the occurrence of one apt within the a. thaliana genome. comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the apt gene with its corresponding cdna indicates that the gene contains five introns, whereas all other apt isolated to date have fewer introns (four in mammal ... | 1994 | 8206375 |
| molecular cloning of two novel protein kinase genes from arabidopsis thaliana. | we have isolated two novel protein kinase genes, mhk and nak, from the plant arabidopsis thaliana by using low stringency hybridization with the catalytic domain of a putative plant receptor protein kinase. sequence analysis of the cdnas reveals that mhk is a member of the cdc2+ family of protein kinases and is particularly similar to the mak gene of rats; mak encodes a protein kinase that may play a role in spermatogenesis. nak encodes a candidate protein kinase that is similar to the oncogenes ... | 1993 | 8218420 |
| functional expression and molecular characterization of atubc2-1, a novel ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (e2) from arabidopsis thaliana. | the first member of a novel subfamily of ubiquitin-conjugating e2-proteins was cloned from a cdna library of arabidopsis thaliana. genomic blots indicate that this gene family (atubc2) consists of two members and is distinct from atubc1, the only other e2 enzyme known from this species to date (m.l. sullivan and r.d. vierstra, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 86 (1989) 9861-9865). the cdna sequence of atubc2-1 extends over 794 bp which would encode a protein of 161 amino acids and a calculated molecul ... | 1993 | 8219072 |
| a cdna clone for a pathogenesis-related protein 1 from barley. | a barley cdna clone (prb-1) corresponding to an mrna differentially induced in resistant compared to susceptible barley cultivars by powdery mildew infection was isolated and characterised. the deduced amino acid sequence revealed 24 amino acids comprising the signal peptide and 140 amino acids of the mature peptide (15 kda). this showed close homology to pr-1-like proteins, which have been isolated from maize, tobacco, tomato and arabidopsis thaliana. northern blot analysis showed accumulation ... | 1993 | 8219079 |
| receptor-like protein kinase genes of arabidopsis thaliana. | the isolation of a maize cdna clone that encodes a membrane spanning protein kinase related to the self-incompatibility glycoproteins (slg) of brassica and structurally similar to the growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases has recently been reported. three distinct receptor-like protein kinase (rlk) cdna clones from arabidopsis thaliana have now been identified. two of the arabidopsis rlk genes encode slg-related protein kinases but have different patterns of expression: one is expressed predom ... | 1993 | 8220453 |
| homologs of the essential ubiquitin conjugating enzymes ubc1, 4, and 5 in yeast are encoded by a multigene family in arabidopsis thaliana. | the covalent attachment of the 76 amino acid protein ubiquitin is an important prerequisite for the degradation of many eukaryotic proteins. the specificity of this ligation is accomplished in part by a family of distinct ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (e2s) working in concert with specific ubiquitin-protein ligases (e3s). three essential e2s in yeast encoded by scubc1, -4, and -5 comprise a functionally overlapping e2 subfamily that appears responsible for degrading most abnormal and short-lived ... | 1993 | 8220461 |
| a protein phosphatase 1 from arabidopsis thaliana restores temperature sensitivity of a schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc25ts/wee1- double mutant. | there is increasing evidence that the mechanisms controlling the eukaryotic cell cycle are regulated by protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cascades. the catalytic subunit of the protein phosphatase 1 is implicated genetically and biochemically in the complex network that regulates mitosis. to investigate further the cell division in plants, we have isolated and characterized two full-length cdnas from arabidopsis thaliana, pp1a-at1 and pp1a-at2, encoding polypeptides highly homologous to ... | 1993 | 8220477 |
| arabidopsis mutants compromised for the control of cellular damage during pathogenesis and aging. | mutants of arabidopsis thaliana which exhibit accelerated cell death in response to pathogens were isolated and characterized to gain insight into how symptom severity and disease resistance are modulated. this paper describes mutants that fall into one of two complementation groups that were identified. a novel feature of these mutants is that they are unable to control the rate and extent of cell death after exposure to a variety of stimuli that induce senescence responses. thus, accelerated c ... | 1993 | 8220484 |
| cloning and expression in yeast of a higher plant chorismate mutase. molecular cloning, sequencing of the cdna and characterization of the arabidopsis thaliana enzyme expressed in yeast. | chorismate mutase (ec 5.4.99.5) catalyzes the first step in the branch of the shikimate pathway which leads to the aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine and tyrosine. we have isolated a cdna for this enzyme from the higher plant, arabidopsis thaliana, by complementing a yeast strain (aro7) with a cdna library from a. thaliana. this is the first chorismate mutase cdna isolated from a plant. it encodes a protein of 334 amino acids. the identity of the deduced amino acid sequence is 41% to the choris ... | 1993 | 8224252 |
| a gene encoding a chloroplast omega-3 fatty acid desaturase complements alterations in fatty acid desaturation and chloroplast copy number of the fad7 mutant of arabidopsis thaliana. | mutations at the fad7 locus of arabidopsis thaliana (previously called fadd) cause decreased desaturation of dienoic fatty acids in chloroplast lipids in plants grown at elevated temperatures. this suggested that the fad7 locus encodes a chloroplast omega-3 desaturase that catalyzes the desaturation of lipid-linked 18:2 and 16:2 fatty acids. in order to clone the fad7 gene, it was first genetically mapped relative to the flanking restriction fragment length polymorphism markers 4547 and 2488a on ... | 1993 | 8226956 |
| stable expression of a single-copy rola gene in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana plants allows an exhaustive mutagenic analysis of the transgene-associated phenotype. | several publications have documented the instability of transgene expression in plants. previous genetic approaches to the study of transgene-associated phenotypes in plants were limited by this phenomenon. here we show that a transgene can be expressed in plants with sufficient stability to allow an exhaustive mutagenic analysis of the resulting phenotype. we have expressed the morphogenic rola gene from the tl-dna of agrobacterium rhizogenes ri plasmid in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana plants ... | 1993 | 8246890 |
| the arabidopsis endoplasmic reticulum retention receptor functions in yeast. | soluble proteins retained in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (er) contain a carboxyl-terminal tetrapeptide sequence that functions presumably to recycle these proteins from a subsequent compartment. biochemical and genetic evidence indicate that the erd2 gene product is the receptor for these er retention signals. here we report the identification of a cdna clone from arabidopsis thaliana (aerd2) similar in sequence and size to members of the erd2 gene family. southern and northern blot a ... | 1993 | 8248265 |
| a sink-specific h+/monosaccharide co-transporter from nicotiana tabacum: cloning and heterologous expression in baker's yeast. | a cdna clone for a monosaccharide transporter (mst1) was isolated from tobacco, which is most strongly expressed in the various sink tissues of mature tobacco plants: roots, flowers, and young leaves. an open reading frame of 1569 bp codes for a protein with 523 amino acids and a calculated molecular weight of 57,717 da. the protein is homologous to a group of other plant monosaccharide transport proteins from arabidopsis thaliana and chlorella kessleri, to human glucose transporters and to sacc ... | 1993 | 8252064 |
| molecular characterization of two cdnas from sinapis alba l. expressed specifically at an early stage of tapetum development. | flower formation in the long-day plant sinapis alba is strictly dependent on an inductive light treatment. differential screening of an apex cdna library prepared 10 days after flower induction against cdnas from vegetative apices has identified two cdna clones, psfd10.35 and psfd10.44, which represent transcripts expressed transiently between day 10 and day 20 after induction and which disappear before flowers reach maturity. the corresponding full-length cdnas which were isolated, satap35 and ... | 1993 | 8252070 |
| characterization of two cdnas (erd11 and erd13) for dehydration-inducible genes that encode putative glutathione s-transferases in arabidopsis thaliana l. | two cdna clones, designated erd11 and erd13, isolated from a cdna library from arabidopsis thaliana l. plants dehydrated for 1 h were sequenced and characterized. these clones encoded polypeptides that were homologous to glutathione s-transferases of tobacco and maize. genomic southern hybridization suggested that there are a few additional genes showing high similarity to the erd11 gene in the arabidopsis genome. the expression of the genes for erd11 and erd13 was induced by dehydration, but wa ... | 1993 | 8253194 |
| sire-1, a long interspersed repetitive dna element from soybean with weak sequence similarity to retrotransposons: initial characterization and partial sequence. | gm776 is a 776-bp subregion of a member of an interspersed family of relatively homogeneous repetitive dna elements from soybean (glycine max). the fragment was originally amplified from soybean dna by the polymerase chain reaction using a single 22-nucleotide primer, and consequently terminates in an inverted repeat. the elements defined by gm776 are at least 10.6 kb in length and constitute a family of 500-800 members per haploid genome. the family has been designated sire-1 (soybean intersper ... | 1993 | 8262373 |
| genetic and molecular characterization of embryonic mutants identified following seed transformation in arabidopsis. | over 5000 transgenic families of arabidopsis thaliana produced following seed transformation with agrobacterium tumefaciens were screened for embryonic lethals, defectives, and pattern mutants. one hundred and seventy-eight mutants with a wide range of developmental abnormalities were identified. forty-one mutants appear from genetic studies to be tagged (36% of the 115 mutants examined in detail). mapping with visible markers demonstrated that mutant genes were randomly distributed throughout t ... | 1993 | 8264525 |
| an arabidopsis gene homologous to mammalian and insect genes encoding the largest proteasome subunit. | a gene encoding a protein with extensive homology to the largest subunit of the multicatalytic proteinase complex (proteasome) has been identified in arabidopsis thaliana. this gene, referred to as atpsm30, is entirely encompassed within a previously characterized radiation-induced deletion, which may thus provide the first example of a proteasome null mutation in a higher eukaryote. however, the growth rate and fertility of arabidopsis plants do not appear to be significantly affected by this m ... | 1993 | 8264533 |
| isolation and characterization of a saccharomyces cerevisiae peptide transport gene. | we have cloned and characterized a saccharomyces cerevisiae peptide transport gene (ptr2) isolated from a genomic dna library by directly selecting for functional complementation of a peptide transport-deficient mutant. deletion and frameshift mutageneses were used to localize the complementing activity to a 3.1-kbp region on the transforming plasmid. dna sequencing of the complementing region identified an open reading frame spanning 1,803 bp. the deduced amino acid sequence predicts a hydropho ... | 1994 | 8264579 |
| recognition of the avirulence gene avrb from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea by arabidopsis thaliana. | the response of arabidopsis thaliana land race columbia to the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola 4326 harboring cloned avirulence genes avrb and avrc from p. syringae pv. glycinea and avra and avrd from p. syringae pv. tomato was examined. only avrb was recognized by columbia, as evidenced by attenuation of disease symptoms, slower bacterial multiplication in planta, and differentially greater induction of mrna for several defense-related genes. this contrasts with two a. th ... | 1993 | 8274772 |
| rna editing of a conserved reading frame in plant mitochondria increases its similarity to two overlapping reading frames in escherichia coli. | an open reading frame (orfx) in mitochondria of the higher plants oenothera berteriana and arabidopsis thaliana is homologous to orf244 in the mitochondrial genome of marchantia polymorpha. homologous sequences are also present in carrot, potato and sugar beet. profile analysis revealed similarity to two overlapping reading frames in the escherichia coli genome. potential translation initiation at conserved ata (isoleucine) and ttg (leucine) codons is discussed. transcripts of the open reading f ... | 1994 | 8277947 |
| stress responses and metabolic regulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes in arabidopsis. | we report here effects of three environmental conditions, heat shock, anaerobic treatment, and carbon source supply, on expression of nuclear genes encoding chloroplast (gapa and gapb) and cytosolic (gapc) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from arabidopsis thaliana. the steady-state mrna level of the gapc increased when arabidopsis plants were transferred from normal growth condition to heat-shock, anaerobiosis, or increased sucrose supply conditions. in contrast, the steady-state mrna le ... | 1993 | 8278495 |
| molecular heterogeneity of photosystem i. psad, psae, psaf, psah, and psal are all present in isoforms in nicotiana spp. | the protein composition of photosystem i (psi) was examined in nicotiana spp. by high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, n-terminal amino acid sequencing, and immunoblot analysis. five psi proteins show polymorphism in an amphidiploid species, nicotiana tabacum, but not in its ancestral diploid species, nicotiana sylvestris and nicotiana tomentosiformis. these nicotiana spp. appear to have at least 18 psi proteins per genome that range in molecular mass from 3 to 20 kd. they include ... | 1993 | 8278548 |
| the promoter of the arabidopsis thaliana plastocyanin gene contains a far upstream enhancer-like element involved in chloroplast-dependent expression. | plastocyanin is part of the photosynthetic electron transport chain in the chloroplast and is encoded in the nucleus. expression of the arabidopsis thaliana plastocyanin gene is organ specific: high mrna levels are observed in young green parts of the plant. furthermore, expression is dependent on the presence of light and functional chloroplasts. when grown in the presence of norflurazon under white light conditions, resulting in the photo-oxidative destruction of the chloroplast, plastocyanin ... | 1993 | 8281188 |
| differential expression of two related amino acid transporters with differing substrate specificity in arabidopsis thaliana. | a general amino acid permease cdna (aap2) was isolated from arabidopsis by complementation of a yeast mutant defective in citrulline uptake. direct transport measurements in yeast show that the protein mediates uptake of l-[14c]-citrulline and l-[14c]-proline. detailed analyses of the substrate specificity by competition studies demonstrate that all proteogenic amino acids are recognized by the carrier, including those that represent the major transport forms of reduced nitrogen in many species, ... | 1993 | 8281191 |
| photoaffinity labeling of arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane vesicles by 5-azido-[7-3h]indole-3-acetic acid: identification of a glutathione s-transferase. | we used 5-azido-[7-3h]indole-3-acetic acid (5-azido-[7-3h]iaa), a photoaffinity analogue of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), to search for auxin-binding proteins in arabidopsis thaliana membranes. we identified an auxin-binding protein with a molecular mass of 24 kda (atpm24) in microsomes as well as in plasma membrane vesicles. atpm24 was solubilized by 1% triton x-100 and partially purified. a cdna clone (atpm24.1) corresponding to atpm24 was isolated. the amino acid sequence pred ... | 1994 | 8290582 |
| identification and molecular cloning of two homologues of protein phosphatase x from arabidopsis thaliana. | in a recent paper [ariño et al., plant mol biol 21: 475-485 (1993)] we reported the amplification of a dna fragment (ap-2) from the genome of arabidopsis thaliana encoding an amino acid sequence corresponding to a ser/thr protein phosphatase distantly related to type 2a protein phosphatases. in this paper we report the use of the ap-2 fragment to isolate several cdna clones from a leaf cdna library. two of these (ep124 and ep129) largely overlap and contain the ap-2 sequence, whereas a third clo ... | 1993 | 8292782 |
| functional comparisons between plant plasma membrane h(+)-atpase isoforms expressed in yeast. | to examine the functional properties of the three major isoforms of plasma membrane h(+)-atpase expressed in arabidopsis thaliana (aha1, aha2, and aha3), we employed a system for the heterologous expression of functional plant plasma membrane h(+)-atpase in yeast (villalba, j. m., palmgren, m. g., berberian, g. e., ferguson, c., and serrano, r. (1992) j. biol. chem. 267, 12341-12349). each isoform was expressed efficiently but appeared to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum of yeast. all is ... | 1994 | 8300635 |
| arabidopsis thaliana naphp thioredoxin reductase. cdna characterization and expression of the recombinant protein in escherichia coli. | using a clone characterized in the course of a random sequencing programme of arabidopsis thaliana, two cdnas encoding plant type cytosolic nadph-dependent thioredoxin reductase (ntr) have been isolated. their sequence homology with escherichia coli nrt (the only thioredoxin reductase of known primary structure) is about 45%. in addition, analysis of the sequence of the encoded polypeptide (333 amino acids) reveals that several motifs are conserved in the fad, central and nadph binding domains, ... | 1994 | 8308900 |
| purification and n-terminal sequence analysis of pea chloroplast protein synthesis factor ef-g. | chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor g (chlef-g) has been purified from whole-cell extracts of light-induced pea (pisum sativum) seedlings. the first step in the purification scheme relies on the affinity of organellar ef-g for escherichia coli ribosomes in the presence of the antibiotic, fusidic acid. a complex between organellar ef-g, e. coli ribosomes, gdp, and fusidic acid was isolated by high-speed centrifugation. the largest major protein eluted from this complex by high salt ha ... | 1994 | 8311443 |
| expression cloning in yeast of a cdna encoding a broad specificity amino acid permease from arabidopsis thaliana. | to study amino acid transport in plants at the molecular level, we have isolated an amino acid permease cdna from arabidopsis thaliana by complementation of a yeast mutant defective in proline uptake with a cdna. the predicted polypeptide of 53 kda is highly hydrophobic with 12 putative membrane-spanning regions and shows no significant homologies to other known transporters. expression of the cdna enables the yeast mutant to take up l-[14c]proline. competition studies argue for a broad but ster ... | 1993 | 8327465 |
| selection of arabidopsis cdnas that partially correct phenotypes of escherichia coli dna-damage-sensitive mutants and analysis of two plant cdnas that appear to express uv-specific dark repair activities. | to resist terrestrial uv radiation, plants employ dna-damage-repair/toleration (drt) activities, as well as shielding mechanisms. little is known about the structure and regulation of plant drt genes. we isolated drt cdnas from arabidopsis thaliana, by selecting for complementation of escherichia coli mutants lacking all bacterial defenses against uv-light damage to dna. these mutants are phenotypically deficient in recombinational and mutagenic toleration (reca-), excision repair (uvr-) and pho ... | 1993 | 8329681 |
| molecular analysis of avirulence gene avrrpt2 and identification of a putative regulatory sequence common to all known pseudomonas syringae avirulence genes. | the avrrpt2 locus from pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato causes virulent strains of p. syringae to be avirulent on some, but not all, lines of arabidopsis thaliana and glycine max (soybean). we determined the dna sequence of the avrrpt2 locus and identified the avrrpt2 gene as a 768-bp open reading frame encoding a putative 28.2-kda protein. deletion analysis and transcription studies provided further evidence that this open reading frame encodes avrrpt2. we found that the avrrpt2 gene also has av ... | 1993 | 8335641 |
| regulation of carotenoid and bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis genes and identification of an evolutionarily conserved gene required for bacteriochlorophyll accumulation. | the temporal expression of ten clustered genes required for carotenoid (crt) and bacteriochlorophyll (bch) biosynthesis was examined during the transition from aerobic respiration to anaerobiosis requisite for the development of the photosynthetic membrane in the bacterium rhodobacter capsulatus. accumulation of crta, crtc, crtd, crte, crtf, crtk, bchc and bchd mrnas increased transiently and coordinately, up to 12-fold following removal of oxygen from the growth medium, paralleling increases in ... | 1993 | 8336108 |
| differential organ-specific expression of three poly(a)-binding-protein genes from arabidopsis thaliana. | poly(a)-binding protein (pabp) is considered an essential component of a eukaryotic cell; deletion of the pabp-coding gene in yeast leads to a lethal phenotype. pabp is implicated in numerous aspects of posttranscriptional regulation, including mrna turnover and translational initiation. a nested set of degenerate pcr primers designed from regions conserved among yeast, xenopus, and human pabp sequences was used to amplify genomic dna fragments from arabidopsis thaliana. hybridization screening ... | 1993 | 8341686 |
| effects of the tom1 mutation of arabidopsis thaliana on the multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus rna in protoplasts. | for the multiplication of rna viruses, specific host factors are considered essential, but as of yet little is known about this aspect of virus multiplication. to identify such host factors, we previously isolated pd114, a mutant of arabidopsis thaliana, in which the accumulation of the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) in uninoculated leaves of an infected plant was reduced to low levels. the causal mutation, designated tom1, was single, nuclear, and recessive. here, we demonstrate tha ... | 1993 | 8350399 |
| cloning a plant amino acid transporter by functional complementation of a yeast amino acid transport mutant. | amino acids are transported across the plasma membrane of plant cells by proton-amino acid symports. we report here the successful cloning of a neutral amino acid carrier by functional complementation. a histidine transport deletion mutant of saccharomyces cerevisiae was transformed with an arabidopsis thaliana cdna library constructed in a yeast expression vector. forty transformants, out of 10(5), allowed growth on a histidine-limiting medium. the acquired ability to grow on low histidine was ... | 1993 | 8356039 |