| cloning genes of arabidopsis thaliana by chromosome walking. | | 1998 | 9664433 |
| protein phosphatase 2a and protein phosphatase x genes in arabidopsis thaliana. | | 1998 | 9664538 |
| rma1, an arabidopsis thaliana gene whose cdna suppresses the yeast sec15 mutation, encodes a novel protein with a ring finger motif and a membrane anchor. | to identify molecules that function in the plant secretory pathway, we screened for arabidopsis thaliana cdna clones that complement the temperature-sensitive (ts), secretion-deficient sec15 mutation of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. rma1, one of the genes obtained in this screening, suppressed not only the ts growth of sec15 but also its secretory defect. rma1 is not a structural homologue of sec15 but encodes a novel 28 kda protein with a ring finger motif and a c-terminal membrane-anchoring ... | 1998 | 9664717 |
| disease resistance gene homologs correlate with disease resistance loci of arabidopsis thaliana. | the disease resistance genes rps2 of arabidopsis and n of tobacco, among other recently cloned resistance genes, share several conserved sequences. degenerate oligonucleotide primers, based on conserved sequences in the nucleotide binding site (nbs) and a weak hydrophobic domain of rps2 and n, were used to amplify homologous sequences from arabidopsis thaliana. amplification products were obtained that were similar in sequence to the disease resistance genes rps2, rpm1, n and l6. the arabidopsis ... | 1998 | 9670562 |
| cloning and expression analyses of atmrp4, a novel mrp-like gene from arabidopsis thaliana. | in all organisms glutathione-conjugate transporters (gs-x pumps) mediate the detoxification of a number of xenobiotics by removing them from the cytosol. in addition, gs-x pumps appear to play a role in the processing of endogenous compounds. we have isolated a novel genomic clone from arabidopsis thaliana that encodes a putative gs-x pump, atmrp4, which is part of a recently defined gene family. the derived amino acid sequence shares high levels of similarity (55-63%) with human, yeast, and oth ... | 1998 | 9671034 |
| his-65 in the proton-sucrose symporter is an essential amino acid whose modification with site-directed mutagenesis increases transport activity. | the proton-sucrose symporter that mediates phloem loading is a key component of assimilate partitioning in many higher plants. previous biochemical investigations showed that a diethyl pyrocarbonate-sensitive histidine residue is at or near the substrate-binding site of the symporter. among the proton-sucrose symporters cloned to date, only the histidine residue at position 65 of atsuc1 from arabidopsis thaliana is conserved across species. to test whether his-65 is involved in the transport rea ... | 1998 | 9671798 |
| spinach csp41, an mrna-binding protein and ribonuclease, is homologous to nucleotide-sugar epimerases and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. | spinach csp41 is part of a protein complex that binds to the 3' untranslated region (utr) of petd precursor-mrna, a chloroplast gene encoding subunit iv of the cytochrome b6/f complex. csp41 cleaves the 3'-utr of petd mrna within the stem-loop structure, suggesting a key role in the control of chloroplast mrna stability. we discovered that csp41 is homologous to nucleotide-sugar epimerases and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases while seeking distant homologs of these enzymes with a hidden markov mode ... | 1998 | 9675122 |
| resistance gene candidates identified by pcr with degenerate oligonucleotide primers map to clusters of resistance genes in lettuce. | the recent cloning of genes for resistance against diverse pathogens from a variety of plants has revealed that many share conserved sequence motifs. this provides the possibility of isolating numerous additional resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with degenerate oligonucleotide primers. we amplified resistance gene candidates (rgcs) from lettuce with multiple combinations of primers with low degeneracy designed from motifs in the nucleotide binding sites (nbss) of rps2 of arabi ... | 1998 | 9675895 |
| avrxa10 contains an acidic transcriptional activation domain in the functionally conserved c terminus. | the avrxa10 gene of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice, is a member of the avrbs3 avirulence gene family and directs the elicitation of resistance in a gene-for-gene manner on rice lines carrying the resistance gene xa10. the carboxyl (c) terminus of avrxa10 has a previously undescribed domain that is structurally similar to the acidic activation domain of many eukaryotic transcription factors in addition to three nuclear localization signal (nls) sequenc ... | 1998 | 9675896 |
| a yac contig map of arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3. | we have constructed a yac contig map of arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3. from an estimated total size of 25 mb, about 21 mb were covered by 148 clones arranged into nine yac contigs, which represented most of the low-copy regions of the chromosome. yac clones were anchored with 259 molecular markers, including 111 for which linkage information was previously available. most of the genetic map was included in the yac coverage, and more than 60% of the genetic markers from the reference recombin ... | 1998 | 9675906 |
| herbicide-resistant forms of arabidopsis thaliana acetohydroxyacid synthase: characterization of the catalytic properties and sensitivity to inhibitors of four defined mutants. | acetohydroxyacid synthase (ahas) catalyses the first step in the synthesis of the branched-chain amino acids and is the target of several classes of herbicides. four mutants (a122v, w574s, w574l and s653n) of the ahas gene from arabidopsis thaliana were constructed, expressed in escherichia coli, and the enzymes were purified. each mutant form and wild-type was characterized with respect to its catalytic properties and sensitivity to nine herbicides. each enzyme had a ph optimum near 7.5. the sp ... | 1998 | 9677339 |
| cloning of a cdna encoding an importin-alpha and down-regulation of the gene by light in rice leaves. | the import of nuclear proteins into nuclei begins with recognition of nuclear localization signal-harboring proteins and binding to a nuclear pore targeting complex. a cdna for an importin-alpha protein, a subunit of the complex, was isolated from rice plants. the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cdna exhibited a high homology to those of importin-alpha proteins from many organisms such as arabidopsis thaliana, saccharomyces cerevisiae, human, mouse, xenopus laevis ... | 1998 | 9678973 |
| eir1, a root-specific protein involved in auxin transport, is required for gravitropism in arabidopsis thaliana. | the eir1 gene of arabidopsis is a member of a family of plant genes with similarities to bacterial membrane transporters. this gene is expressed only in the root, which is consistent with the phenotypes of the eir1 mutants-the roots are agravitropic and have a reduced sensitivity to ethylene. the roots of eir1 mutants are also insensitive to the excess auxin produced by alf1-1 and fail to induce an auxin-inducible gene in the expansion zone. although they fail to respond to internally generated ... | 1998 | 9679062 |
| isolation of an arabidopsis thaliana mutant in which accumulation of cucumber mosaic virus coat protein is delayed. | cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) is known to systemically infect arabidopsis thaliana ecotype columbia plants. in order to identify the host factors involved in the multiplication of cmv, we isolated an a. thaliana mutant in which the accumulation of the coat protein (cp) of cmv in upper uninoculated leaves was delayed. genetic analyses suggested that the phenotype of delayed accumulation of cmv cp in the mutant plants was caused by a single, nuclear and recessive mutation designated cum1-1, which wa ... | 1998 | 9680977 |
| cdna cloning and characterisation of an alpha-glucosidase gene from potato (solanum tuberosum l.). | using an arabidopsis thaliana expressed sequence tag with sequence similarity to human lysosomal alpha-glucosidase as a probe, a potato cdna was isolated. the cdna encodes a polypeptide with an mr value of 105,400 and the most significant matches of the deduced amino acid sequence are with members of family 31 of glucosyl transferase. the potato cdna was expressed in a strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae that is deficient in maltase activity and unable to grow using maltose as a carbon source (ab ... | 1998 | 9680991 |
| the arabidopsis thaliana cdnas coding for eif4e and eif(iso)4e are not functionally equivalent for yeast complementation and are differentially expressed during plant development. | two cdnas (at.eif4e1 and at.eif4e2) encoding, respectively, the eukaryotic initiation factors eif4e and eif(iso)4e of arabidopsis thaliana were isolated by complementation of a saccharomyces cerevisiae conditional mutant. the deduced amino acid sequences of the proteins are homologous to those from monocotyledonous plants, yeast and mammals. the corresponding genes were identified in yac clones mapping to chromosome iv (at.eif4e1) and to chromosome v (at.eif4e2). the yeast strain complemented by ... | 1998 | 9680993 |
| transcription of arabidopsis and wheat cab genes in single tobacco transgenic seedlings exhibits independent rhythms in a developmentally regulated fashion. | transcription of cab genes has been previously shown to be regulated by a circadian oscillator coupled to the red light-absorbing plant photoreceptor phytochrome in various plant species. in addition, it has recently been suggested that rhythmic expression of the cab genes could also be affected by a phytochrome-independent circadian oscillator in a developmentally regulated fashion. this study has shown that a red light-insensitive oscillator and a phytochrome-coupled circadian clock indeed cor ... | 1998 | 9680998 |
| trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatases from arabidopsis thaliana: identification by functional complementation of the yeast tps2 mutant. | it is currently thought that most flowering plants lack the capacity to synthesize trehalose, a common disaccharide of bacteria, fungi and invertebrates that appears to play a major role in desiccation tolerance. attempts have therefore been made to render plants more drought-resistant by the expression of microbial genes for trehalose synthesis. it is demonstrated here that arabidopsis thaliana itself possesses genes for at least one of the enzymes required for trehalose synthesis, trehalose-6- ... | 1998 | 9681009 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of the arabidopsis tps1 gene, encoding trehalose-6-phosphate synthase. | an arabidopsis thaliana cdna clone, attps1, that encodes a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase was isolated. the identity of this protein is supported by both structural and functional evidence. on one hand, the predicted sequence of the protein encoded by attps1 showed a high degree of similarity with trehalose-6-phosphate synthases of different organisms. on the other hand, expression of the attps1 cdna in the yeast tps1 mutant restored its ability to synthesize trehalose and suppressed its growth ... | 1998 | 9681010 |
| phosphorylation mediates the nuclear targeting of the maize rab17 protein. | the maize abscisic acid-responsive rab17 protein localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm in maize cells. in-frame fusion of rab17 to the reporter protein beta-glucuronidase (gus) directed gus to the nucleus and cytoplasm in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana and in transiently transformed onion cells. analysis of chimeric constructs identified one region between amino acid positions 66-96, which was necessary for targeting gus to the nucleus. this region contains a serine cluster followed by a putat ... | 1998 | 9681011 |
| an abc-transporter of arabidopsis thaliana has both glutathione-conjugate and chlorophyll catabolite transport activity. | an abc-transporter of arabidopsis thaliana exhibiting high sequence similarity to the human (mrp1) and yeast (ycf1) glutathione-conjugate transporters has been analysed and used to complement a cadmium-sensitive yeast mutant (dty168) that also lacks glutathione-conjugate transport activity. comparison of the hydrophobicity plots of this a. thaliana mrp-like protein with mrp1 and ycf1 demonstrates that the transmembrane domains are conserved, even at the n-terminus where sequence identity is low. ... | 1998 | 9681016 |
| bac representation of two low-copy regions of the genome of arabidopsis thaliana. | two regions of arabidopsis chromosome 4, totalling 4.7 mb, were assayed for representation in the tamu and igf bac libraries. a directed approach to bac identification was developed. gel-purified dna samples of yacs selected from the yac-based physical map of chromosome 4 were used to probe high-density colony arrays of the bac libraries. strategies were developed that allowed the efficient construction of restriction maps and bac contigs. four hundred and sixty-four bacs were mapped, assembled ... | 1998 | 9681021 |
| molecular cloning and functional analysis of the arabidopsis thaliana dna ligase i homologue. | a cdna encoding the dna ligase i homologue has been isolated from arabidopsis thaliana using a degenerate pcr approach. the orf of this cdna encodes an amino acid sequence of 790 residues, representing a protein with a theoretical molecular mass of 87.8 kda and an isoelectric point (pi) of 8.20. alignment of the a. thaliana dna ligase protein sequence with the sequence of dna ligases from human (homo sapiens), murine (mus musculus), clawed toad (xenopus laevis) and the yeasts schizosaccharomyces ... | 1998 | 9681027 |
| smith-lemli-opitz syndrome is caused by mutations in the 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene. | smith-lemli-opitz syndrome is a frequently occurring autosomal recessive developmental disorder characterized by facial dysmorphisms, mental retardation, and multiple congenital anomalies. biochemically, the disorder is caused by deficient activity of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, which catalyzes the final step in the cholesterol-biosynthesis pathway-that is, the reduction of the delta7 double bond of 7-dehydrocholesterol to produce cholesterol. we identified a partial transcript coding for hu ... | 1998 | 9683613 |
| enhanced transgenic plant resistance to nematodes by dual proteinase inhibitor constructs. | plant defence strategies usually involve the action of several gene products. transgenic resistance strategies are likely to have enhanced efficacy when they involve more than one transgene. here we explore possible mechanisms for the co-delivery of multiple effectors via a single transgene. as an example we report the co-delivery of two distinct proteinase inhibitors in arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. to examine resistance against plant parasitic nematodes. a cysteine and serine proteinase inh ... | 1998 | 9684370 |
| expression of cdc2zm and knotted1 during in-vitro axillary shoot meristem proliferation and adventitious shoot meristem formation in maize (zea mays l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | expression of cdc2zm and knotted1 (kn1) in maize (zea mays l.) and their cross-reacting proteins in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) was studied using immunolocalization during in-vitro axillary shoot meristem proliferation and adventitious shoot meristem formation. expression of cdc2zm, a protein involved in cell division, roughly correlated with in-vitro cell proliferation and in the meristematic domes cdc2zm expression was triggered during in-vitro proliferation. analysis of the expression of kn1, ... | 1998 | 9684373 |
| potential dual targeting of an arabidopsis archaebacterial-like histidyl-trna synthetase to mitochondria and chloroplasts. | a cdna clone encoding a histidyl-trna synthetase (hisrs) was characterized from arabidopsis thaliana. the deduced amino acid sequence (athrs1) is surprisingly more similar to hisrss from archaebacteria than those from eukaryotes and prokaryotes. athrs1 has an n-terminal extension with features characteristic of mitochondrial and chloroplast transit peptides. transient expression assays in tobacco protoplasts clearly demonstrated efficient targeting of a fusion peptide consisting of the first 71 ... | 1998 | 9684861 |
| fusions between green fluorescent protein and beta-glucuronidase as sensitive and vital bifunctional reporters in plants. | by fusing the genes encoding green fluorescent protein (gfp) and beta-glucuronidase (gus) we have created a set of bifunctional reporter constructs which are optimized for use in transient and stable expression studies in plants. this approach makes it possible to combine the advantage of gus, its high sensitivity in histochemical staining, with the advantages of gfp as a vital marker. the fusion proteins were functional in transient expression studies in tobacco using either dna bombardment or ... | 1998 | 9687074 |
| 14-3-3 proteins activate a plant calcium-dependent protein kinase (cdpk). | plants and protozoa contain a unique family of calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) which are defined by the presence of a carboxyl-terminal calmodulin-like regulatory domain. we present biochemical evidence indicating that at least one member of this kinase family can be stimulated by 14-3-3 proteins. isoform cpk-1 from the model plant arabidopsis thaliana was expressed as a fusion protein in e. coli and purified. the calcium-dependent activity of this recombinant cpk-1 was shown to be sti ... | 1998 | 9688575 |
| kinetic analysis of the interaction of actin-depolymerizing factor (adf)/cofilin with g- and f-actins. comparison of plant and human adfs and effect of phosphorylation. | the thermodynamics and kinetics of actin interaction with arabidopsis thaliana actin-depolymerizing factor (adf)1, human adf, and s6d mutant adf1 protein mimicking phosphorylated (inactive) adf are examined comparatively. adfs interact with adp.g-actin in rapid equilibrium (k+ = 155 microm-1.s-1 and k- = 16 s-1 at 4 degreesc under physiological ionic conditions). the kinetics of interaction of plant and human adfs with f-actin are slower and exhibit kinetic cooperativity, consistent with a schem ... | 1998 | 9694836 |
| isolation of a tobacco cdna encoding sar1 gtpase and analysis of its dominant mutations in vesicular traffic using a yeast complementation system. | the cdna clone of ntsar1, a gene encoding the small gtpase sar1p which is essential for vesicle formation from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) membrane in yeast, has been isolated from nicotiana tabacum by-2 cells. ntsar1 as well as atsar1 cdna isolated from arabidopsis thaliana [d'enfert et al. (1992) embo j. 11: 4205] could complement the lethality of the disruption of sar1 in yeast cells in a temperature-sensitive fashion. they also suppressed yeast sec12 and sec16 temperature-sensitive mutati ... | 1998 | 9697342 |
| distribution patterns of 104 kda stress-associated protein in rice. | a 104 kda protein (sap 104) accumulates in rice seedlings in response to several abiotic stress conditions and immunological homologues of rice sap 104 have been detected in several monocot and dicot species, as also neurospora crassa, a fungus. in this report, we show that the amino acid sequence of a tryptic peptide generated from purified sap 104 bears significant homology with an atp-binding domain of the hsp 100 family proteins of arabidopsis thaliana and glycine max. it is further shown th ... | 1998 | 9700064 |
| maize alpha-tubulin genes are expressed according to specific patterns of cell differentiation. | in the past few years many alpha- and beta-tubulin genes of different organisms have been cloned and studied, and in most systems studied they constitute multigene families. in plants, most studies have been done in arabidopsis thaliana and zea mays. in this paper, the study of mrna accumulation by in situ hybridization and the activity of three maize alpha-tubulin gene promoters (tua1, tua2 and tua3) in transgenic tobacco plants are described. in maize, the expression of these three tubulin iso ... | 1998 | 9700078 |
| distinct frequency-distributions of homopolymeric dna tracts in different genomes. | the unusual base composition of the genome of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum prompted us to systematically investigate the occurrence of homopolymeric dna tracts in the p. falciparum genome and, for comparison, in the genomes of homo sapiens , saccharomyces cerevisiae , caenorhabditis elegans , arabidopsis thaliana , escherichia coli and mycobacterium tuberculosis. comparison of theobserved frequencies with the frequencies as expected for random dna revealed that homopolymeric ... | 1998 | 9705519 |
| determination of transmembrane topology of an inward-rectifying potassium channel from arabidopsis thaliana based on functional expression in escherichia coli. | we report here that the inward-rectifying potassium channels kat1 and akt2 were functionally expressed in k+ uptake-deficient escherichia coli. immunological assays showed that kat1 was translocated into the cell membrane of e. coli. functional assays suggested that kat1 was inserted topologically correctly into the cell membrane. in control experiments, the inactive point mutation in kat1, t256r, did not complement for k+ uptake in e. coli. the inward-rectifying k+ channels of plants share a co ... | 1998 | 9707551 |
| a putative vacuolar cargo receptor partially colocalizes with atpep12p on a prevacuolar compartment in arabidopsis roots. | targeting of protein cargo to the vacuole/lysosome is a multistep process that appears to have conserved features between mammalian, yeast, and plant cells. in each case, some soluble vacuolar/lysosomal proteins are believed to be bound by transmembrane cargo receptors in the trans-golgi network (tgn) that redirect these proteins into clathrin-coated vesicles. these vesicles then appear to be transported to the prevacuole/endosome by a trafficking machinery that requires components identified in ... | 1998 | 9707576 |
| cloning and functional characterisation of a peptide transporter expressed in the scutellum of barley grain during the early stages of germination. | a peptide transport gene (hvptr1) expressed in the scutella of germinating barley grain has been cloned by an rt-pcr approach. sequence analysis of the full length cdna (2260 bp) revealed an open reading frame encoding a 579 amino acid protein of predicted molecular mass 63 kda, which displayed 58% identity to the arabidopsis thaliana peptide transporter atptr2-b. expression of hvptr1 in xenopus laevis oocytes conferred a 48-fold increase in alanyl-[14c]phenylalanine uptake relative to water inj ... | 1998 | 9721680 |
| molecular characterization of tobacco sulfite reductase: enzyme purification, gene cloning, and gene expression analysis. | a cdna clone, ntsir1, that encodes the precursor of ferredoxin-dependent sulfite reductase (fd-sir) has been isolated from a cdna library of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv. sr1). the identity of the cdna was established by comparison of the purified protein and the predicted structure with the nucleotide sequence. the amino terminus of the purified enzyme was thr62 of the precursor protein, and the mature region of ntsir1 consisted of 632 amino acids. tobacco fd-sir is 82, 77, and 48% identical w ... | 1998 | 9722674 |
| a single gene of chloroplast origin codes for mitochondrial and chloroplastic methionyl-trna synthetase in arabidopsis thaliana. | one-fifth of the trnas used in plant mitochondrial translation is coded for by chloroplast-derived trna genes. to understand how aminoacyl-trna synthetases have adapted to the presence of these trnas in mitochondria, we have cloned an arabidopsis thaliana cdna coding for a methionyl-trna synthetase. this enzyme was chosen because chloroplast-like elongator trnamet genes have been described in several plant species, including a. thaliana. we demonstrate here that the isolated cdna codes for both ... | 1998 | 9724821 |
| protein kinase ck2 interacts with and phosphorylates the arabidopsis circadian clock-associated 1 protein. | the circadian clock-associated 1 (cca1) gene encodes a myb-related transcription factor that has been shown to be involved in the phytochrome regulation of lhcb1*3 gene expression and in the function of the circadian oscillator in arabidopsis thaliana. by using a yeast interaction screen to identify proteins that interact with cca1, we have isolated a cdna clone encoding a regulatory (beta) subunit of the protein kinase ck2 and have designated it as ckb3. ckb3 is the only reported example of a t ... | 1998 | 9724822 |
| infectivity of turnip mosaic potyvirus cdna clones and transcripts on the systemic host arabidopsis thaliana and local lesion hosts. | full-length cdna clones of turnip mosaic virus were assembled under the control of t7 or 35s promoter. the 35s or nopaline synthase terminator signals were introduced downstream the full length cdna controlled by 35s promoter. both the capped in vitro transcripts from t7 controlled template, and the cdnas from 35s controlled plasmids were infectious on arabidopis thaliana plants according to systemically induced symptoms and to elisa assays. the cdnas from 35s controlled plasmids induced local l ... | 1998 | 9725673 |
| characterization of a 76 kda endosomal, multispanning membrane protein that is highly conserved throughout evolution. | we report here the identification and characterization of a human 76kda membrane protein that is found predominantly in endosomes. this protein is related to the saccharomyces cerevisiae emp70 gene product, a precursor protein whose 24kda cleavage product (p24a) was found in yeast endosome-enriched membrane fractions (singer-krüger et al., 1993. j. biol. chem. 268, 14376-14386). northern blot analysis indicated that p76 mrna is highly expressed in human pancreas but could be detected in all tiss ... | 1998 | 9729438 |
| the polyphosphate kinase gene of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | we have cloned and sequenced a gene encoding polyphosphate kinase (ppk) from pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1. the gene immediately follows the hemb gene encoding porphobilinogen synthase responsible for heme synthesis. the predicted amino acid sequence of p. aeruginosa ppk is similar to those of ppks previously characterized except that it possesses an extra stretch of 46 amino acids at its n-terminus, which has significant similarity to the ras-related protein ara5 of arabidopsis thaliana. when p. ... | 1998 | 9734809 |
| a nuclear-encoded protein of prokaryotic origin is essential for the stability of photosystem ii in arabidopsis thaliana. | to understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying the biogenesis of photosystem ii (psii) we have characterized the nuclear mutant hcf136 of arabidopsis thaliana and isolated the affected gene. the mutant is devoid of any photosystem ii activity, and none of the nuclear- and plastome-encoded subunits of this photosystem accumulate to significant levels. protein labelling studies in the presence of cycloheximide showed that the plastome-encoded psii subunits are synthesized but are not stable. t ... | 1998 | 9736608 |
| characterization of early induced genes in arabidopsis thaliana responding to bacterial inoculation: identification of centrin and of a novel protein with two regions related to kinase domains. | the early response to bacterial inoculation has been investigated and two arabidopsis genes, ap3.3a and ap4.3a have been characterized. the ap3.3a protein showed high identity to centrin, a ubiquitous cytoskeletal protein first identified in unicellular green alga. amino-acid sequence analyses of the ap4.3a protein indicates that the second gene characterized encodes an unusual protein with two putative kinase domains. expression of ap3.3a and ap4.3a was rapidly induced after pathogen inoculatio ... | 1998 | 9742960 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the gene encoding n'-[(5'-phosphoribosyl)-formimino]-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (bbm ii) isomerase from arabidopsis thaliana. | we have isolated an arabidopsis bbm ii isomerase cdna from an arabidopsis cdna library, by means of functional complementation of the e. coli hisa mutant strain hfrg6. the isolated cdna encodes a polypeptide of 304 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 33,363. sequence comparison with the his6 proteins of yeasts revealed that arabidopsis bbm ii isomerase contains an n-terminal extension of approximately 40 amino acids that shows the general properties of chloroplast transit peptides. ... | 1998 | 9747713 |
| the sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus promoter is active in both monocots and dicots. | regions of the sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus genome were tested for promoter activity. the genomic region spanning nucleotides 5999-7420 was shown to possess promoter activity as exemplified by its ability to drive the expression of the coding region of the uida gene of escherichia coli, in both avena sativa and arabidopsis thaliana. in a. sativa, the promoter was active in all organs examined and, with the exception of the anthers where the expression was localized, this activity was constit ... | 1998 | 9747843 |
| cre/lox-mediated site-specific integration of agrobacterium t-dna in arabidopsis thaliana by transient expression of cre. | the cre/lox system was used to obtain targeted integration of an agrobacterium t-dna at a lox site in the genome of arabidopsis thaliana. site-specific recombinants, and not random events, were preferentially selected by activation of a silent lox-neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) target gene. to analyse the effectiveness of agrobacterium-mediated transfer we used t-dna vectors harbouring a single lox sequence (this vector had to circularize at the t-dna left- and right-border sequences prior ... | 1998 | 9747847 |
| allosteric activation of arabidopsis threonine synthase by s-adenosylmethionine. | plant threonine synthase, in contrast to its bacterial counterpart, is strongly stimulated by s-adenosylmethionine via a noncovalent interaction [giovanelli et al. (1984) plant. physiol. 76, 285-292]. the mechanism of activation remained, however, largely unknown. to further characterize this unusual role for s-adenosylmethionine, the arabidopsis thaliana threonine synthase was overexpressed in escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity, and then used for kinetic and enzyme-bound pyridoxal 5'-pho ... | 1998 | 9748328 |
| photorepair mutants of arabidopsis. | uv radiation induces two major dna damage products, the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (cpd) and, at a lower frequency, the pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidinone dimer (6-4 product). although escherichia coli and saccharomyes cerevisiae produce a cpd-specific photolyase that eliminates only this class of dimer, arabidopsis thaliana, drosphila melanogaster, crotalus atrox, and xenopus laevis have recently been shown to photoreactivate both cpds and 6-4 products. we describe the isolation and characterizati ... | 1997 | 9750104 |
| gibberellin-photoaffinity labelling of two polypeptides in plant plasma membranes. | two polypeptides of m(r) 68 kda and 18 kda were gibberellin (ga)-photoaffinity labelled in vitro in plasma membrane preparations from oat (avena sativa l.) aleurone and from leaves and stems of wild-type and ga-sensitivity mutants of different species. labelling of these polypeptides could be competed by biologically active, but not by inactive, gas, indicating the likely biological significance of these interactions. on 2-dimensional gels the radiolabelled polypeptides were each resolved as one ... | 1998 | 9750344 |
| ick1, a cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor from arabidopsis thaliana interacts with both cdc2a and cycd3, and its expression is induced by abscisic acid. | cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor genes encode low molecular weight proteins which have important functions in cell cycle regulation, development and perhaps also in tumorigenesis. the first plant cdk inhibitor gene ick1 was recently identified from arabidopsis thaliana. although the c-terminal domain of ick1 contained an important consensus sequence with the mammalian cdk inhibitor p27kip1, the remainder of the deduced ick1 sequence showed little similarity to any known cdk inhibitors. in ... | 1998 | 9753775 |
| two different genes encode ferrochelatase in arabidopsis: mapping, expression and subcellular targeting of the precursor proteins. | ferrochelatase is the last enzyme of haem biosynthesis. we have isolated 27 independent ferrochelatase cdnas from arabidopsis thaliana by functional complementation of a yeast mutant. twenty-two of these cdnas were similar to a previously isolated clone, af3, and although they varied in length at the 5' and 3' ends, their nucleotide sequences were identical, indicating that they were derived from the same gene (ferrochelatase-i). the remaining five cdnas all encoded a separate ferrochelatase iso ... | 1998 | 9753778 |
| co- and/or post-translational modifications are critical for tch4 xet activity. | tch4 encodes a xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (xet) of arabidopsis thaliana. xets endolytically cleave and religate xyloglucan polymers; xyloglucan is one of the primary structural components of the plant cell wall. therefore, xet function may affect cell shape and plant morphogenesis. to gain insight into the biochemical function of tch4, we defined structural requirements for optimal xet activity. recombinant baculoviruses were designed to produce distinct forms of tch4. tch4 protein engineer ... | 1998 | 9753780 |
| a gene encoding phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase is induced by water stress and abscisic acid in arabidopsis thaliana. | phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (pip5k) phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate to produce phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate as a precursor of two second messengers, inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate and diacylglycerol, and as a regulator of many cellular proteins involved in signal transduction and cytoskeletal organization. despite pip5k playing such an essential role in a number of physiological processes, much still remains to be made clear about its association with plants. ... | 1998 | 9753781 |
| indole-3-acetic acid is synthesized from l-tryptophan in roots of arabidopsis thaliana. | the promoter of the nit1 gene, encoding the predominantly expressed isoform of the arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. nitrilase isoenzyme family, fused to the beta-glucuronidase gene (uida) drives beta-glucuronidase expression in the root system of transgenic a. thaliana and tobacco plants. this expression pattern was shown to be controlled developmentally, suggesting that the early differentiation zone of root tips and the tissue surrounding the zone of lateral root primordia formation may consti ... | 1998 | 9763705 |
| identification of sequence homology between the internal hydrophilic repeated motifs of group 1 late-embryogenesis-abundant proteins in plants and hydrophilic repeats of the general stress protein gsib of bacillus subtilis. | late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins are speculated to protect against water stress in plants. group 1 lea proteins are hydrophilic and vary mainly in the numbers of an extremely hydrophilic internal 20-amino-acid motif. this motif is present up to four times in arabidopsis thaliana and hordeum vulgare group 1 proteins and has been described in numerous plant species. however, no similarity has yet been described between group 1 genes or gene products and those from non-plant species. we r ... | 1998 | 9763714 |
| isolation of an arabidopsis thaliana mutant in which the multiplication of both cucumber mosaic virus and turnip crinkle virus is affected. | during the systemic infection of plants by viruses, host factors play an important role in supporting virus multiplication. to identify and characterize the host factors involved in this process, we isolated an arabidopsis thaliana mutant named rb663, in which accumulation of the coat protein (cp) of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) in upper uninoculated leaves was delayed. genetic analyses suggested that the phenotype of delayed accumulation of cmv cp in rb663 plants was controlled by a monogenic, r ... | 1998 | 9765416 |
| cloning of the cdna for glutamyl-trna synthetase from arabidopsis thaliana. | we cloned and characterized a full-length cdna that encodes a glutamyl-trna synthetase (glursat) from arabidopsis. the glursat is coded by a single gene. a transcript of about 2.3 kb hybridized with the cdna. the deduced protein from the cdna contained 719 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 81 kda. expression of the glursat in e. coli resulted in a protein of the expected size. comparison of the amino acid sequence glursat to other glutamyl-trna synthetases showed strong sequence si ... | 1998 | 9765600 |
| an arabidopsis protein that interacts with the cytokinin-inducible response regulator, arr4, implicated in the his-asp phosphorylay signal transduction. | previously, arabidopsis thaliana was shown to possess a set of response regulators (arr-series), which are implicated in the prokaryotic type of signal transduction mechanism, generally referred to as the his-asp phosphorylay. among them, arr4 is a typical phospho-accepting response regulator, whose expression was recently demonstrated to be rapidly induced by a cytokinin-treatment of the plant. to gain insight into the presumed his-asp phosphotransfer signaling mechanism as well as the role of ... | 1998 | 9771897 |
| a novel, non-redox-regulated nad-dependent malate dehydrogenase from chloroplasts of arabidopsis thaliana l. | we report a novel plastidic nad-dependent malate dehydrogenase (ec 1. 1.1.37), which is not redox-regulated in contrast to its nadp-specific counterpart (ec 1.1.1.82). analysis of isoenzyme patterns revealed a single nad-mdh associated with highly purified chloroplasts isolated from arabidopsis and spinach. a cdna clone encoding the novel enzyme was found in the arabidopsis est data base by sorting all putative clones for nad-dependent malate dehydrogenase. a derived amino acid sequence is very ... | 1998 | 9774405 |
| preservation of plant cell ultrastructure during immunolocalization of virus particles. | most immunoelectron microscopy techniques used for ultrastructural analyses of virus-infected plant tissues significantly compromise cellular membranous structures as well as overall contrast and resolution of the image. here, we describe a protocol which avoids these flaws but retains full antigenicity of the sample. a direct comparison of the conventional and the improved electron immunostaining procedures is presented using tobacco and arabidopsis thaliana plants infected with turnip vein cle ... | 1998 | 9779623 |
| sequence analyses and phylogenetic characterization of the zip family of metal ion transport proteins. | several novel but similar heavy metal ion transporters, zrt1, zrt2, zip1-4 and irt1, have recently been characterized. zrt1, zrt2 and zip1-4 are probably zinc transporters in saccharomyces cerevisiae and arabidopsis thaliana whereas irt1 appears to play a role in iron uptake in a. thaliana. the family of proteins including these functionally characterized transporters has been designated the zrt- and irt-related protein (zip) family. in this report, zip family proteins in the current databases w ... | 1998 | 9784581 |
| a sphingolipid desaturase from higher plants. identification of a new cytochrome b5 fusion protein. | a recently cloned cdna from sunflower codes for a fusion protein composed of an n-terminal cytochrome b5 and a domain similar to membrane-bound acyl lipid desaturases. for a functional identification, homologous cdnas from brassica napus and arabidopsis thaliana were expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae, and sphingolipid long chain bases were analyzed. the expression of the heterologous enzyme results in significant proportions of new delta8, 9-cis/trans-phytosphingenines that accompany the res ... | 1998 | 9786850 |
| a mads box gene homologous to ag is expressed in seedlings as well as in flowers of ginseng. | to study the flower development of ginseng, a mads box cdna (gag2) was isolated and characterized. a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of gag2 with the sequences of other mads box proteins showed higher amino acid identities with ag (71%) from arabidopsis thaliana, which is specifically expressed in stamens and carpels of flowers than with agl genes (30 to 60%), suggesting that gag2 is a ginseng homologue of ag. however northern blot analysis showed that gag2 was expressed in seedlin ... | 1998 | 9787457 |
| identification of a histidine acid phosphatase (phya)-like gene in arabidopsis thaliana. | a close examination of the protein sequence encoded by the arabidopsis thaliana gene f21m12.26 reveals the gene product to be a phosphomonoesterase, acid optimum (ec 3.1.3.2). a subclass of this broad acid phosphatase is also known as 'histidine acid phosphatase. ' this is the first sequence-based evidence for a 'histidine acid phosphatase' in a dicotyledon. one important member of this class of enzymes is aspergillus niger (ficuum) phytase, which came into prominence for its commercial applicat ... | 1998 | 9790941 |
| asymmetric infectivity of pseudorecombinants of cabbage leaf curl virus and squash leaf curl virus: implications for bipartite geminivirus evolution and movement. | the bipartite geminiviruses squash leaf curl virus (sqlcv) and cabbage leaf curl virus (clcv) have distinct host ranges. sqlcv infects a broad range of plants within the cucurbitaceae, including pumpkin and squash, and clcv has a broad host range within brassicaceae that includes cabbage and arabidopsis thaliana. despite this, the genomic a components of these viruses share a high degree of sequence identity, particularly in the gene encoding the replication protein al1, and their common regions ... | 1998 | 9792839 |
| interaction between the arabidopsis thaliana heat shock transcription factor hsf1 and the tata binding protein tbp. | the heat shock factor (hsf1) is the central regulator of the heat stress (hs) response and is required for stimulating the transcription of the hs genes and consequently the expression of heat shock proteins. to promote the polymerase ii-dependent transcription of the hs genes, hsf has to communicate with the basal transcription machinery. here, we report that the arabidopsis thaliana hsf1 interacts directly with tbp, the general tata box binding transcription factor, as shown by affinity chroma ... | 1998 | 9801140 |
| characterization of genes for two-component phosphorelay mediators with a single hpt domain in arabidopsis thaliana. | three cdnas that encode two-component phosphorelay-mediator-like proteins were cloned from arabidopsis thaliana. putative proteins (athp1-3) contain an hpt (histidine-containing phospho transfer)-like domain with a conserved histidine and some invariant residues that are involved in phosphorelay. growth retardation of ypd1-disrupted yeast cells was reversed with athps, which indicates that athps function as phosphorelay mediators in yeast cells. the athp genes are expressed more in roots than in ... | 1998 | 9804162 |
| identification of a possible map kinase cascade in arabidopsis thaliana based on pairwise yeast two-hybrid analysis and functional complementation tests of yeast mutants. | a possible map kinase (mapk) cascade of arabidopsis thaliana was identified on the basis of both yeast 2-hybrid analysis and complementation analysis of yeast mutants. specific protein-protein interactions between atmpk4 (a mapk) and mek1 (a mapkk) and interactions between mek1 and atmekk1 (a mapkkk) were detected by using the 2-hybrid system. a growth defect of the yeast mpk1delta mutant was reversed by coexpression of atmpk4 and mek1. coexpression of the n-terminal deletion form of atmekk1 inc ... | 1998 | 9804171 |
| an evolutionary conserved group of plant gsk-3/shaggy-like protein kinase genes preferentially expressed in developing pollen. | genes and cdnas encoding plant protein kinases highly homologous to the animal gsk-3/shaggy subfamily were isolated from arabidopsis thaliana, brassica napus, petunia hybrida and nicotiana tabacum using the p. hybrida psk6 gsk-3/shaggy related cdna as a probe. all the derived protein sequences contained the characteristic catalytic domain of gsk-3/shaggy protein kinases. sequence comparisons within the catalytic domain with other plant gsk-3/shaggy like kinases clearly indicate that the novel se ... | 1998 | 9804971 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation of the radiation hypersensitive arabidopsis thaliana mutants uvh1 and rad5. | the arabidopsis thaliana mutants uvh1 and rad5, originally identified as radiation hypersensitive, were reported to be deficient in t-dna integration based on the relative efficiencies of stable transformation and t-dna transfer. we reassessed these mutants for susceptibility to transformation by agrobacterium tumefaciens. the mutant rad5 showed a significant reduction in the efficiency of transient as well as stable transformation, compared with its wild-type progenitor. these data indicate tha ... | 1998 | 9805401 |
| comparative mapping of distal murine chromosome 11 and human 17q21.3 in a region containing a modifying locus for murine plasma von willebrand factor level. | type 1 von willebrand disease (vwd) is a common inherited disorder characterized by mild to moderate bleeding and reduced levels of von willebrand factor (vwf). an animal model for human type 1 vwd, the riiis/j mouse strain, exhibits a prolonged bleeding time and reduced plasma vwf levels. we have previously mapped the defect in riiis/j to distal mouse chr 11, distinct from the vwf locus on chr 6. this locus, mvwf, was localized to an approximately 0.5-cm interval, tightly linked to gip, distal ... | 1998 | 9806826 |
| fusca3 encodes a protein with a conserved vp1/ab13-like b3 domain which is of functional importance for the regulation of seed maturation in arabidopsis thaliana. | conditionally lethal mutant alleles of the fusca3 (fus3) gene of arabidopsis thaliana are specifically defective in the gene expression program responsible for seed maturation. fus3 was isolated by map-based cloning and expression of the fus3 cdna resulted in complementation of the fus3- phenotype. in the predicted fus3 gene product, a continuous stretch of more than 100 amino acids shows significant sequence similarity to the b3 domains of the polypeptides encoded by abi3 (arabidopsis) and vp1 ... | 1998 | 9807814 |
| an arabidopsis immunophilin, atfkbp12, binds to atfip37 (fkbp interacting protein) in an interaction that is disrupted by fk506. | atfkbp12 is an arabidopsis cdna that encodes a protein similar to the mammalian immunophilin, fkbp12. atfkbp12 was used as 'bait' in a yeast 2-hybrid system to screen for cdnas in arabidopsis encoding proteins that bind to fkbp12. two partial cdnas were recovered encoding the c-terminus of a protein we have called arabidopsis thaliana fkbp12 interacting protein 37 (atfip37). atfip37 is similar to a mammalian protein, fap48, that also binds to fkbp12. the interaction between atfkbp12 and atfip37 ... | 1998 | 9807817 |
| synthesis of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates in arabidopsis thaliana using intermediates of peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation. | polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) is a family of polymers composed primarily of r-3-hydroxyalkanoic acids. these polymers have properties of biodegradable thermoplastics and elastomers. medium-chain-length phas (mcl-phas) are synthesized in bacteria by using intermediates of the beta-oxidation of alkanoic acids. to assess the feasibility of producing mcl-phas in plants, arabidopsis thaliana was transformed with the phac1 synthase from pseudomonas aeruginosa modified for peroxisome targeting by addition ... | 1998 | 9811811 |
| a pii-like protein in arabidopsis: putative role in nitrogen sensing. | pii is a protein allosteric effector in escherichia coli and other bacteria that indirectly regulates glutamine synthetase at the transcriptional and post-translational levels in response to nitrogen availability. data supporting the notion that plants have a nitrogen regulatory system(s) includes previous studies showing that the levels of mrna for plant nitrogen assimilatory genes such as glutamine synthetase (gln) and asparagine synthetase (asn) are modulated by carbon and organic nitrogen me ... | 1998 | 9811909 |
| ammonium/methylammonium permeases of a cyanobacterium. identification and analysis of three nitrogen-regulated amt genes in synechocystis sp. pcc 6803. | ammonium is an important nitrogen source for many microorganisms and plants. ammonium transporters whose activity can be probed with [14c]methylammonium have been described in several organisms including some cyanobacteria, and amt genes encoding ammonium/methylammonium permeases have been recently identified in yeast, arabidopsis thaliana, and some bacteria. the unicellular cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 exhibited a [14c]methylammonium uptake activity that was inhibited by externally ... | 1998 | 9813059 |
| nitroreductase reactions of arabidopsis thaliana thioredoxin reductase. | arabidopsis thaliana nadph:thioredoxin reductase (tr, ec 1.6.4.5) catalyzed redox cycling of aromatic nitrocompounds, including the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and tetryl, and the herbicide 3,5-dinitro-o-cresol. the yield of nitro anion radicals was equal to 70-90%. redox cycling of tetryl was accompanied by formation of n-methylpicramide. bimolecular rate constants of nitroaromatic reduction (kcat/km) and reaction catalytic constants (kcat) increased upon an increase in oxidant single-elec ... | 1998 | 9814841 |
| cloning and characterization of krct, a member of a novel subfamily of serine/threonine kinases. | protein kinases frequently play key roles in the normal regulation of growth and development in eukaryotic organisms. as a consequence, aberrant expression or mutations in this family of molecules frequently result in transformation. previously, we have conducted a screen to identify protein kinases that are expressed in the mouse during mammary gland development and in breast cancer cell lines. we now describe the molecular cloning, characterization and expression of krct, a novel serine/threon ... | 1998 | 9817935 |
| molecular cloning of atmmh, an arabidopsis thaliana ortholog of the escherichia coli mutm gene, and analysis of functional domains of its product. | we isolated and characterized cdnas and a genomic clone encoding an arabidopsis thaliana mutm homolog (atmmh). atmmh is a single-copy gene spanning about 3 kb in the nuclear genome, and comprises ten exons. the atmmh gene encodes two types of mrna (atmmh-1 and atmmh-2) formed by alternative splicing of exon 8. western analysis of a crude extract from leaves of a. thaliana, using polyclonal antibodies against the recombinant proteins, demonstrated the presence in vivo of a single 44-kda polypepti ... | 1998 | 9819050 |
| coiled body numbers in the arabidopsis root epidermis are regulated by cell type, developmental stage and cell cycle parameters. | we have used whole mount immunofluorescence labelling with the antibody 4g3, raised against the human snrnp-specific protein u2b", and whole mount in situ hybridization with an anti-sense probe to a conserved region of u2 snrna, in combination with confocal microscopy, to examine the organization of spliceosomal components throughout the development of the arabidopsis thaliana root epidermis. we show that the number of coiled bodies, nuclear organelles in which splicing snrnps and snrnas concent ... | 1998 | 9819359 |
| a functional homolog of a yeast trna splicing enzyme is conserved in higher eukaryotes and in escherichia coli. | trna splicing in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae requires an endonuclease to excise the intron, trna ligase to join the trna half-molecules, and 2'-phosphotransferase to transfer the splice junction 2'-phosphate from ligated trna to nad, producing adp ribose 1"-2" cyclic phosphate (appr>p). we show here that functional 2'-phosphotransferases are found throughout eukaryotes, occurring in two widely divergent yeasts (candida albicans and schizosaccharomyces pombe), a plant (arabidopsis thaliana ... | 1998 | 9826666 |
| cyp76c2, an arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome p450 gene expressed during hypersensitive and developmental cell death. | the characterisation of an arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome p450-encoding cdna clone, b72, preferentially expressed during the hypersensitive response (hr) provoked by the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pathovar maculicola, is reported. the b72 cdna clone corresponded to the cyp76c2 gene, which belongs to a small multigene family comprising four genes. hr-triggering bacteria harbouring different avirulence genes induced the accumulation of transcripts of this p450 gene. cyp76c2 gene expr ... | 1998 | 9827554 |
| a human and mouse homolog of the schizosaccharomyces pombe rad1+ cell cycle checkpoint control gene. | the schizosaccharomyces pombe rad1+ cell cycle checkpoint control gene is required for s-phase and g2/m arrest in response to both dna damage and incomplete dna replication. we isolated and characterized the putative human rad1 (hrad1) and mouse rad1 (mrad1) homologs of the s. pombe rad1 (rad1) protein. the human rad1 open reading frame (orf) encodes a protein of 282 amino acids; the mrad1 orf codes for a protein of 280 amino acids. the human rad1 and mrad1 messengers are highly expressed in the ... | 1998 | 9828137 |
| isoform-dependent differences in feedback regulation and subcellular localization of serine acetyltransferase involved in cysteine biosynthesis from arabidopsis thaliana. | serine acetyltransferase (satase; ec 2.3.1.30), which catalyzes the formation of o-acetyl-l-serine (oas) from acetyl-coa and l-serine, plays a regulatory role in the biosynthesis of cysteine by its property of feedback inhibition by cysteine in bacteria and certain plants. three cdna clones encoding satase isoforms (sat-c, sat-p, and sat-m) have been isolated from arabidopsis thaliana. however, the significance of the feedback regulation has not yet been clear in these different isoforms of sata ... | 1998 | 9830017 |
| transgenic plants are sensitive bioindicators of nuclear pollution caused by the chernobyl accident. | to evaluate the genetic consequences of radioactive contamination originating from the nuclear reactor accident of chernobyl on indigenous populations of plants and animals, it is essential to determine the rates of accumulating genetic changes in chronically irradiated populations. an increase in germline mutation rates in humans living close to the chernobyl nuclear power plant site, and a two- to tenfold increase in germline mutations in barn swallows breeding in chernobyl have been reported. ... | 1998 | 9831035 |
| tobacco by-2 cells excise both 3-methyladenine and 7-methylguanine from methylated dna. | two of the major products in dna resulting from exposure to alkylating agents are 7-methylguanine and 3-methyladenine. n-methylpurine-dna-glycosylase is required for excision of these lesions. recently, the 3-methyladenine-dna-glycosylase gene of arabidopsis thaliana was cloned and shown to be involved only in repair of 3-methyladenine. in by-2 tobacco cells, we showed an enzymatic activity which excised both 3-methyladenine and 7-methylguanine from methylated dna. | 1998 | 9838925 |
| mutations in arabidopsis thaliana genes involved in the tryptophan biosynthesis pathway affect root waving on tilted agar surfaces. | arabidopsis thaliana roots grow in a wavy pattern upon a slanted surface. a novel mutation in the anthranilate synthase alpha 1 (asa1) gene, named trp5-2wvc1, and mutations in the tryptophan synthase alpha and beta 1 genes (trp3-1 and trp2-1, respectively) confer a compressed root wave phenotype on tilted agar surfaces. when trp5-2wvc1 seedlings are grown on media supplemented with anthranilate metabolites, their roots wave like wild type. genetic and pharmacological experiments argue that the c ... | 1998 | 9839461 |
| enhancement of the tolerance of arabidopsis to high temperatures by genetic engineering of the synthesis of glycinebetaine. | arabidopsis thaliana was transformed with the coda gene for choline oxidase from arthrobacter globiformis under control of the 35s rna promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. as a result, high levels of glycinebetaine accumulated in the seeds of transformed plants. transformation with the coda gene significantly enhanced the tolerance to high temperatures during the imbibition and germination of seeds, as well as during growth of young seedlings. the extent of enhancement of the tolerance to high ... | 1998 | 9839462 |
| differential expression of a senescence-enhanced metallothionein gene in arabidopsis in response to isolates of peronospora parasitica and pseudomonas syringae. | the metallothionein gene, lsc54, shows increased expression during leaf senescence in brassica napus and arabidopsis thaliana. a number of abiotic and biotic stresses have been shown to induce senescence-like symptoms in plants and, to investigate this further, the promoter of the lsc54 gene was cloned and fused to the gus gene and transformed into arabidopsis. the promoter was highly induced during leaf senescence and also in response to wounding; histochemical analysis indicated that this indu ... | 1998 | 9839466 |
| separate jasmonate-dependent and salicylate-dependent defense-response pathways in arabidopsis are essential for resistance to distinct microbial pathogens. | the endogenous plant hormones salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja), whose levels increase on pathogen infection, activate separate sets of genes encoding antimicrobial proteins in arabidopsis thaliana. the pathogen-inducible genes pr-1, pr-2, and pr-5 require sa signaling for activation, whereas the plant defensin gene pdf1.2, along with a pr-3 and pr-4 gene, are induced by pathogens via an sa-independent and ja-dependent pathway. an arabidopsis mutant, coi1, that is affected in the ja-res ... | 1998 | 9844023 |
| the arabidopsis thaliana agravitropic 1 gene encodes a component of the polar-auxin-transport efflux carrier. | auxins are plant hormones that mediate many aspects of plant growth and development. in higher plants, auxins are polarly transported from sites of synthesis in the shoot apex to their sites of action in the basal regions of shoots and in roots. polar auxin transport is an important aspect of auxin functions and is mediated by cellular influx and efflux carriers. little is known about the molecular identity of its regulatory component, the efflux carrier [estelle, m. (1996) current biol. 6, 1589 ... | 1998 | 9844024 |
| mips: a database for genomes and protein sequences. | the munich information center for protein sequences (mips-gsf), martinsried near munich, germany, develops and maintains genome oriented databases. it is commonplace that the amount of sequence data available increases rapidly, but not the capacity of qualified manual annotation at the sequence databases. therefore, our strategy aims to cope with the data stream by the comprehensive application of analysis tools to sequences of complete genomes, the systematic classification of protein sequences ... | 1999 | 9847138 |
| isolation of an arabidopsis thaliana cdna by complementation of a yeast abc1 deletion mutant deficient in complex iii respiratory activity. | the yeast abc1 protein acts as a chaperone-like protein essential for the proper conformation and efficient functioning of the respiratory complex iii. by functional complementation of a yeast abc1 mutant, we have identified an arabidopsis thaliana cdna that corresponds to a single copy gene and encodes a protein sharing 45% similarity with the yeast abc1p protein. cytochrome spectra and respiratory activity measurements have shown that the plant protein allows a partial restoration of the compl ... | 1998 | 9852956 |
| thioltransferase from arabidopsis thaliana seed: purification to homogeneity and characterization. | thioltransferase is a general gsh-disulfide reductase of importance for redox regulation. the protein thioltransferase has been purified to apparent homogeneity on sds-page from the arabidopsis thaliana seed. the purification procedures included deae-cellulose ion exchange chromatography, sephadex g-75 gel filtration, q-sepharose ion exchange chromatography, and deae-sephadex a-25 ion exchange chromatography. the enzyme has a molecular mass of 22 kda and a pi of 4.8, and it is heatstable. the pr ... | 1998 | 9856342 |
| alternative splicing results in differential expression, activity, and localization of the two forms of arginyl-trna-protein transferase, a component of the n-end rule pathway. | the n-end rule relates the in vivo half-life of a protein to the identity of its n-terminal residue. the underlying ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system, called the n-end rule pathway, is organized hierarchically: n-terminal aspartate and glutamate (and also cysteine in metazoans) are secondary destabilizing residues, in that they function through their conjugation, by arginyl-trna-protein transferase (r-transferase), to arginine, a primary destabilizing residue. we isolated cdna encoding the ... | 1999 | 9858543 |
| independent deletions of a pathogen-resistance gene in brassica and arabidopsis. | plant disease resistance (r) genes confer race-specific resistance to pathogens and are genetically defined on the basis of intra-specific functional polymorphism. little is known about the evolutionary mechanisms that generate this polymorphism. most r loci examined to date contain alternate alleles and/or linked homologs even in disease-susceptible plant genotypes. in contrast, the resistance to pseudomonas syringae pathovar maculicola (rpm1) bacterial resistance gene is completely absent (rpm ... | 1998 | 9861058 |
| the arabidopsis thaliana rpm1 disease resistance gene product is a peripheral plasma membrane protein that is degraded coincident with the hypersensitive response. | disease resistance in plants is often controlled by a gene-for-gene mechanism in which avirulence (avr) gene products encoded by pathogens are specifically recognized, either directly or indirectly, by plant disease resistance (r) gene products. members of the nbs-lrr class of r genes encode proteins containing a putative nucleotide binding site (nbs) and carboxyl-terminal leucine-rich repeats (lrrs). generally, nbs-lrr proteins do not contain predicted transmembrane segments or signal peptides, ... | 1998 | 9861059 |
| expression and characterization of pp7, a novel plant protein ser/thr phosphatase distantly related to rdgc/ppef and pp5. | we have recently identified an arabidopsis thaliana cdna encoding a putative protein ser/thr phosphatase pp7, not closely related to any protein phosphatases in animals or fungi. here, we describe the characterization of pp7 expressed in a bacterial system. the recombinant protein was inactive unless the longest insert in its catalytic domain was cleaved, suggesting that this insert is an autoinhibitory region. pp7 was resistant to okadaic acid, calyculin and fumonisin b1, and was stimulated by ... | 1998 | 9862444 |