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molecular characterization of a transient expression gene encoding for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).ethylene performs an important function in plant growth and development. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) synthase (acs), the key enzyme involved in ethylene biosynthesis, has been the focus of most ethylene studies. here, a cotton acs gene referred to as gossypium hirsutum acs1 (ghacs1), was isolated. the full-length cdna of ghacs1 encodes for a 476-amino acid protein which harbors seven conserved regions, 11 invariant amino acid residues, and the plp binding active site, all of which ch ...200717927914
molecular cloning and characterization of an inducible rna-dependent rna polymerase gene, ghrdrp, from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) cdna, designated as gossypium hirsutum rdrp (ghrdrp) was cloned from cotton by rapid amplification of cdna ends-polymerase chain reaction (race-pcr). the full-length cdna was 3,672 bp in size and encoded an open reading frame (orf) of 1,110 amino acids which contained the rdrp conserved functional domain and the signature motif dbdgd. amino acid sequence alignment indicated that ghrdrp shared the highest identity (66.37%) with atrdrp1 and had homology with ...200917929195
ethylene induced cotton leaf abscission is associated with higher expression of cellulase (ghcel1) and increased activities of ethylene biosynthesis enzymes in abscission zone.ethylene induced cotton (gossypium hirsutum var rst-39) leaf abscission has been characterized by measuring the activities of acc synthase (acs, e.c. 4.4.1.14), acc oxidase (aco, e.c. 1.14.17.4) and cellulase (e.c. 3.2.1.4). in addition, a leaf abscission specific cdna (ghcel1) has been cloned from cotton, which belongs to the alpha(2) subgroup of cellulases that possess a c-terminus carbohydrate-binding domain. measurement of enzyme activity in the abscission zones of cotton leaf explants expos ...200817964177
influence of nezara viridula feeding on cotton yield, fiber quality, and seed germination.the influence of southern green stink bug, nezara viridula (l.), adults (males and females) and fourth to fifth instars on cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., boll abscission, seedcotton yield, fiber quality, and seed viability was evaluated in field studies conducted during 2004 and 2005. cotton bolls representing several age classes ranging from 0-600 heat units were individually infested with a specific gender or life stage of southern green stink bug. adults and nymphs induced abscission of bolls ...200717972633
saturated very-long-chain fatty acids promote cotton fiber and arabidopsis cell elongation by activating ethylene biosynthesis.fatty acids are essential for membrane biosynthesis in all organisms and serve as signaling molecules in many animals. here, we found that saturated very-long-chain fatty acids (vlcfas; c20:0 to c30:0) exogenously applied in ovule culture medium significantly promoted cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fiber cell elongation, whereas acetochlor (2-chloro-n-[ethoxymethyl]-n-[2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl]-acetamide; ace), which inhibits vlcfa biosynthesis, abolished fiber growth. this inhibition was overcome b ...200717993622
combining ability and heterosis for earliness characters in line x tester population of gossypium hirsutum l.the objective of this study was to estimate the general combining ability of the parents and specific combining ability of hybrids for earliness traits for line selection. inheritance and interrelationships of earliness characters were evaluated in a line x tester design. three intermediate-early-maturing female (lines) which are grown regionally and four early-maturing males (testers) cotton varieties were crossed in 2003. the twelve f(1) and seven parents were planted randomized block design w ...200718031352
molecular cloning, expression profile and promoter analysis of a novel ethylene responsive transcription factor gene gherf4 from cotton (gossypium hirstum).ethylene-responsive element binding factors (erfs) are plant-specific transcription factors, many of which have been linked to stress responses. a novel erf gene, designated gherf4, was isolated by race-pcr from gossypium hirsutum. the gherf4 cdna has a total length of 1061bp with an open reading frame of 669bp, encoding a protein of 222 amino acids with a molecular weight of 23.5kda and a calculated pi of 9.03. sequence alignment shows that gherf4 contains a 58 amino acid long ap2/erf domain an ...200818035549
identification of differentially expressed genes associated with cotton fiber development in a chromosomal substitution line (cs-b22sh).one of the impediments in the genetic improvement of cotton fiber is the paucity of information about genes associated with fiber development. availability of chromosome arm substitution line cs-b22sh (chromosome 22 short arm substitution from 3-79 (gossypium barbadense) into a tm-1 (gossypium hirsutum) background) provides a novel opportunity to study fiber-associated genes because previous studies revealed this line was associated with some superior fiber quality traits compared to tm-1. we us ...200818043952
response of the photosynthetic apparatus of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) to the onset of drought stress under field conditions studied by gas-exchange analysis and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging.the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) grown during the onset of water limitation was studied by gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence to better understand the adaptation mechanisms of the photosynthetic apparatus to drought conditions. for this, cotton was grown in the field in central asia under well-irrigated and moderately drought-stressed conditions. the light and co(2) responses of photosynthesis (a(g)), stomatal conductance (g(s)) and various ch ...200818053735
feeding and oviposition preference of phyllophaga cuyabana (moser) (coleoptera: melolonthidae) on several crops.laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out to study food and oviposition preference by phyllophaga cuyabana (moser) on different plant species as cajanus cajan l. (pigeon pea), crotalaria juncea l. (sun hemp), crotalaria spectabilis roth (showy crotalaria), crotalaria ochroleuca g. don (slenderleaf rattlebox), glycine max [l.] merrill (soybean), gossypium hirsutum l. (cotton), helianthus annuus l. (sunflower), stizolobium aterrimum [mucuna aterrima] piper tracey (velvetbean) and zea ...200718060303
environmental effects on oxygen isotope enrichment of leaf water in cotton leaves.the oxygen isotope enrichment of bulk leaf water (delta(b)) was measured in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) leaves to test the craig-gordon and farquhar-gan models under different environmental conditions. delta(b) increased with increasing leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference (vpd) as an overall result of the responses to the ratio of ambient to intercellular vapor pressures (e(a)/e(i)) and to stomatal conductance (g(s)). the oxygen isotope enrichment of lamina water relative to source water (delt ...200818065567
functional characterization of a cotton late embryogenesis-abundant d113 gene promoter in transgenic tobacco.previous studies have shown that mrna and protein encoded by late embryogenesis-abundant (lea) gene d113 from gossypium hirsutum l. accumulate at high levels in mature seeds and also in response to abscisic acid (aba) in young embryo. in this study, we studied the expression of four promoter 5' deletion constructs (-1383, -974, -578 and -158) of the lea d113 gene fused to beta-glucuronidase (gus). gus activity analysis revealed that the -578 promoter fragment was necessary to direct seed-specifi ...200818066554
quantitative real-time pcr assay to detect transgene copy number in cotton (gossypium hirsutum).a taqman quantitative real-time pcr detection system was developed to examine transgene copy number in cotton. ghubc1, a gene validated to be present as a single copy per haploid gossypium hirsutum genome, was used as the endogenous reference to estimate copy number of gfp and selection marker nptii in 28 t0 plants. this system was found to be more accurate than genomic southern blot hybridization and could effectively tell homozygotes from heterozygotes in a t1 transgenic cotton population. the ...200818078801
molecular cloning and functional analysis of an erf gene from cotton (gossypium hirsutum).ethylene response factors (erfs) play important roles in regulating plant biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. in this paper, a new ethylene response factor gene gherf1 was isolated from cotton. the deduced amino acid sequence of gherf1 contained an ap2/erf domain, which shared high similarity with other reported ap2/erf domains and was most closely related to the b3 subgroup of the erf subfamily. the particle bombardment assay showed that gherf1 functioned as an in vivo transcription activator ...200818078841
comparative analysis of gene expression between cms-d8 restored plants and normal non-restoring fertile plants in cotton by differential display.cms-d8 and its restorer were developed by introducing the cytoplasm and nuclear gene rf (2) from the wild diploid gossypium trilobum (d8) into the cultivated tetraploid upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum). no information is available on how the rf (2) gene interacts with cms-associated genes and how cms-d8 cytoplasm affects nuclear gene expression. the objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes in anther tissues between the non-restoring fertile maintainer ark8518 (rf( ...200818080126
characterization and expression analysis of terminal flower1 homologs from cultivated alloteraploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and its diploid progenitors.the seasonal cycle and persistence of a plant is governed by a combination of the determinate or indeterminate status of shoot and root apical meristems. a perennial plant is one in which the apical meristem of at least one of its shoot axes remains indeterminate beyond the first growth season. terminal flower1 (tfl1) genes play important roles in regulating flowering time, the fate of inflorescence meristem and perenniality. to investigate the role of tfl1-like genes in the determination of the ...200818171595
novel cotton homeobox gene and its expression profiling in root development and in response to stresses and phytohormones.homeodomain-leucine zipper (hd-zip) proteins are transcriptional factors involved in plant development. in this study, one cdna clone (gossypium hirsutum homeobox1, designated ghhb1) encoding hd-zip protein was isolated from a cotton root cdna library. the ghhb1 cdna is 1132 bp in length, including an 828 bp open reading frame that encodes a peptide with 275 amino acids, and 5'/3'untranslated regions. the predicted ghhb1 protein containing a homeodomain and a leucine-rich zipper motif shares rel ...200818180856
detection and characterization of cry1ac transgene construct in bt cotton: multiple polymerase chain reaction approach.to comply with international labeling regulations for genetically modified (gm) crops and food, and to enable proper identification of gm organisms (gmos), effective methodologies and reliable approaches are needed. the spurious and unapproved gm planting has contributed to crop failures and commercial losses. to ensure effective and genuine gm cultivation, a methodology is needed to detect and identify the trait of interest and concurrently evaluate the structural and functional stability of th ...200718193727
molecular cloning and characterization of ghnpr1, a gene implicated in pathogen responses from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).a novel gene, designated as ghnpr1 (gossypium hirsutum non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1), was isolated from g. hirsutum (cotton) by rt-pcr (reverse transcription-pcr) and race (rapid amplification of cdna ends). the full-length cdna was 2108 bp long and had an orf (open reading frame) that putatively encoded a polypeptide of 592 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 66 kda. comparison of this protein sequence with that of arabidopsis thaliana, brassica juncea and nicotiana ...200818215146
comparison of direct and indirect sampling methods for tarnished plant bug (hemiptera: miridae) in flowering cotton.a complex of hemipterans, especially the tarnished plant bug, lygus lineolaris (palisot de beauvois) (hemiptera: miridae), has become a major target of insecticides in flowering cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in the mid-southern united states. sampling protocols for this complex during this period of cotton development are poorly established, resulting in uncertainty about when infestations warrant treatment. nine direct and indirect sampling methods were evaluated for bias, precision, and effic ...200718232411
integrating soil conservation practices and glyphosate-resistant crops: impacts on soil.conservation practices often associated with glyphosate-resistant crops, e.g. limited tillage and crop cover, improve soil conditions, but only limited research has evaluated their effects on soil in combination with glyphosate-resistant crops. it is assumed that conservation practices have similar benefits to soil whether or not glyphosate-resistant crops are used. this paper reviews the impact on soil of conservation practices and glyphosate-resistant crops, and presents data from a mississipp ...200818275105
analysis of genetic effects of nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction on quantitative traits: genetic models for seed traits of plants.two genetic models (an embryo model and an endosperm model) were proposed for analyzing genetic effects of nuclear genes, cytoplasmic genes, maternal genes, and nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction (nci) as well as their genotype by environment interaction for quantitative traits of plant seed. in these models, the nci effects were partitioned into direct additive and dominance nci components. mixed linear model approaches were employed for statistical analysis. for both balanced and unbalanced diall ...200818283427
rise and fall of cotton aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) populations in southeastern cotton production systems.the impact of natural enemies on cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover (hemiptera: aphididae), populations in cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., production systems in the southeastern united states was evaluated over 3 yr in irrigated commercial cotton fields. fungal epizootics caused by the entomopathogen neozygites fresenii (nowakowski) batko reduced aphid numbers to subthreshold levels in 1999, 2000, and 2001 and occurred consistently in early to mid-july in all 3 yr. scymnus spp. were the most abu ...200818330112
relationships of abscised cotton fruit to boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) feeding, oviposition, and development.abscised cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., fruit in field plots planted at different times were examined to assess adult boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), use of squares and bolls during 2002 and 2003 in the lower rio grande valley of texas. although boll abscission is not necessarily related to infestation, generally more bolls abscised than squares and abundances of fallen bolls were not related to the planting date treatments. during 2003, fallen square ...200818330118
baseline susceptibility of tobacco budworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to cry1f toxin from bacillus thuringiensis.transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., lines expressing both cry1f and cry1ac insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been commercially available in the united states since 2005. both bt proteins are highly effective against tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.), and other lepidopteran pests of cotton. although crylac has been available in bt cotton since 1996, the cry1f component is relatively new. as part of the proactive resistance management program for cry1f/cry1a ...200818330132
interactive effects of elevated co2 and cotton cultivar on tri-trophic interaction of gossypium hirsutum, aphis gossyppii, and propylaea japonica.information on the effects of enriched co2 on both the chemical composition of plants and the consequences of such changes for performance of a herbivore and its predator is an important first step in understanding the responses of plants and insects to global environmental change. we examined interactions across three trophic levels, cotton, gossypium hirsutum, an aphid herbivore, aphis gossypii glover, and a coccinellid predator, propylaea japonica (thunberg), as affected by elevated co2 conce ...200818348793
isolation and structural characterization of a novel oligosaccharide from the rhamnogalacturonan of gossypium hirsutum l.an alkali extract of cell walls of gossypium hirsutum l. was sequentially digested by endo-polygalacturonase (ec 3.2.1.15), arabinofuranosidase an1571.2 (ec 3.2.1.55), endo-arabinase (ec 3.2.1.99), and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase an9314.2 (ec 3.2.1.15). the rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase-generated oligosaccharides were separated by ultrafiltration, size-exclusion, and anion exchange chromatography. fractions from the anion exchange chromatography were pooled, lyophilized, and screened by maldi-to ...200818353294
molecular characterization and temporal expression analyses indicate that the mic (meloidogyne induced cotton) gene family represents a novel group of root-specific defense-related genes in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).the molecular events underlying the resistance of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) to the root-knot nematode (rkn) are largely unknown. in this report, we further characterize the previously identified mic3 gene including the identification of 14 related mic cdnas in nematode-infected roots of allotetraploid cotton that show >85% identity with mic3. a time-course analysis of rkn infection in resistant and susceptible cotton lines showed that maximum mic transcript accumulation occurred imme ...200818357465
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in sub-saharan savannas of benin, west africa, as affected by agricultural land use intensity and ecological zone.the rapid decline of soil fertility of cultivated lands in the sub-saharan savannas of west africa is considered to be the main cause of the increasingly severe constraints of food production. the soils in this tropical area are highly fragile, and crop yields are limited by characteristically low levels of available phosphorus. under such preconditions, the multiple benefits of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis are likely to play a pivotal role for maintaining natural soil fertility by ...200818386078
increased terpenoid accumulation in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) foliage is a general wound response.the subepidermal pigment glands of cotton accumulate a variety of terpenoid products, including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and terpenoid aldehydes that can act as feeding deterrents against a number of insect herbivore species. we compared the effect of herbivory by spodoptera littoralis caterpillars, mechanical damage by a fabric pattern wheel, and the application of jasmonic acid on levels of the major representatives of the three structural classes of terpenoids in the leaf foliage of 4-we ...200818386096
characterization and expression of plasma and tonoplast membrane aquaporins in elongating cotton fibers.cotton fiber (gossypium hirsutum l. and g. barbadense l.) is a good model for studies of plant cell elongation and cell wall biogenesis. aquaporins are ancient membrane channel proteins that facilitate the permeation of water across biological membranes. we studied ghpip1-2, encoding plasma membrane intrinsic protein, and ghgammatip1, encoding tonoplast intrinsic protein, during cotton fiber development. the full-length cdnas of ghpip1-2 and ghgammatip1 were obtained through 5' race. the deduced ...200818392624
carbon dioxide efflux from soil with poultry litter applications in conventional and conservation tillage systems in northern alabama.increased co2 release from soils resulting from agricultural practices such as tillage has generated concerns about contributions to global warming. maintaining current levels of soil c and/or sequestering additional c in soils are important mechanisms to reduce co2 in the atmosphere through production agriculture. we conducted a study in northern alabama from 2003 to 2006 to measure co2 efflux and c storage in long-term tilled and non-tilled cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plots receiving poultr ...201318396538
cu/zn superoxide dismutases in developing cotton fibers: evidence for an extracellular form.hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species are important signaling molecules in diverse physiological processes. previously, we discovered superoxide dismutase (sod) activity in extracellular protein preparations from fiber-bearing cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seeds. we show here, based on immunoreactivity, that the enzyme is a cu/zn-sod (csd). immunogold localization shows that csd localizes to secondary cell walls of developing cotton fibers. five cotton csd cdnas were cloned from c ...200818425534
the crystal structure of calcium-bound annexin gh1 from gossypium hirsutum and its implications for membrane binding mechanisms of plant annexins.plant annexins show distinct differences in comparison with their animal orthologues. in particular, the endonexin sequence, which is responsible for coordination of calcium ions in type ii binding sites, is only partially conserved in plant annexins. the crystal structure of calcium-bound cotton annexin gh1 was solved at 2.5 a resolution and shows three metal ions coordinated in the first and fourth repeat in types ii and iii binding sites. although the protein has no detectable affinity for ca ...200818441010
sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) as a pre-columbian domesticate in mexico.mexico has long been recognized as one of the world's cradles of domestication with evidence for squash (cucurbita pepo) cultivation appearing as early as 8,000 cal b.c. followed by many other plants, such as maize (zea mays), peppers (capsicum annuum), common beans (phaseolus vulgaris), and cotton (gossypium hirsutum). we present archaeological, linguistic, ethnographic, and ethnohistoric data demonstrating that sunflower (helianthus annuus) had entered the repertoire of mexican domesticates by ...200818443289
tillage, cropping systems, and nitrogen fertilizer source effects on soil carbon sequestration and fractions.quantification of soil carbon (c) cycling as influenced by management practices is needed for c sequestration and soil quality improvement. we evaluated the 10-yr effects of tillage, cropping system, and n source on crop residue and soil c fractions at 0- to 20-cm depth in decatur silt loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic, typic paleudults) in northern alabama, usa. treatments were incomplete factorial combinations of three tillage practices (no-till [nt], mulch till [mt], and conventional till [ct ...201518453410
low temperature and light regulate delta 12 fatty acid desaturases (fad2) at a transcriptional level in cotton (gossypium hirsutum).lipid modifying enzymes play a key role in the development of cold stress tolerance in cold-resistant plants such as cereals. however, little is known about the role of the endogenous enzymes in cold-sensitive species such as cotton. delta 12 fatty acid desaturases (fad2), known to participate in adaptation to low temperatures through acyl chain modifications were used in gene expression studies in order to identify parameters of plant response to low temperatures. the induction of microsomal de ...200818453533
evaluation of extended-life pheromone formulations used with and without dichlorvos for boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) trapping.boll weevil traps baited with a combolure (25 of mg grandlure + 30 mg of eugenol + 90 of mg dichlorvos [ddvp]), an extended-release lure (25 mg of grandlure + 30 mg of eugenol + 60 of mg ddvp kill-strip), and extended-release lure with no ddvp were evaluated for boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), captures in south texas cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., fields during february-march 2005 and march-april 2006. the traps were serviced once a week for five cons ...200818459404
effects of refuge contamination by transgenes on bt resistance in pink bollworm (lepidoptera: gelechiidae).refuges of non-bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., are used to delay bt resistance in pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), a pest that eats cotton seeds. contamination of refuges by bt transgenes could reduce the efficacy of this strategy. previously, three types of contamination were identified in refuges: 1) homozygous bt cotton plants, with 100% of their seeds producing the bt toxin cry1ac; 2) hemizygous bt plants with 70-80% of ...200818459418
toxicity and characterization of cotton expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac and cry2ab2 proteins for control of lepidopteran pests.cry1ac protoxin (the active insecticidal toxin in both bollgard and bollgard ii cotton [gossypium hirsutum l.]), and cry2ab2 toxin (the second insecticidal toxin in bollgard ii cotton) were bioassayed against five of the primary lepidopteran pests of cotton by using diet incorporation. cry1ac was the most toxic to heliothis virescens (f.) and pectinophora gossypiella (saunders), demonstrated good activity against helicoverpa zea (boddie), and had negligible toxicity against spodoptera exigua (hü ...200818459423
ish-facilitated analysis of meiotic bivalent pairing.chiasmata constitute one of the cornerstones of sexual reproduction in most eukaryotes. they mediate the reciprocal genetic exchange between homologues and are essential to the proper orientation of the homologous centromeres in meiosis i. as markers of recombination, they offer a cytological means of mapping. rather than trying to accurately count individual chiasmata, we have examined properties of the mathematical relationship between frequencies of nonadorned disomic configurations in meiosi ...199618469936
identification of a homeologous chromosome pair by in situ dna hybridization to ribosomal rna loci in meiotic chromosomes of cotton (gossypium hirsutum).in situ dna hybridization with 18s-28s and 5s ribosomal dna probes was used to map 18s-28s nucleolar organizers and tandem 5s repeats to meiotic chromosomes of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). mapping was performed by correlating hybridization sites to particular positions in translocation quadrivalents. arm assignment required translocation quadrivalents with at least one interstitial chiasma and sufficient distance between the hybridization site and the centromere. we had previously localized a ...199318470044
genetic fingerprinting of australian cotton cultivars with rapd markers.rapd (random amplified polymorphic dna) markers generated by 30 random decamer primers were used to fingerprint 12 released cultivars and a breeding line of gossypium hirsutum and 1 cultivar of g. barbadense presently under cultivation in australia. among a total of 453 developed markers, 69 (15.2%) were only present (unique) in the g. barbadense cultivar pima s-7. of the remaining markers, 128 (33.3%) were fixed in all 13 g. hirsutum cultivars. in pairwise comparisons of the degree of band shar ...199518470223
urease from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) seeds: isolation, physicochemical characterization, and antifungal properties of the protein.ureases (ec 3.5.1.5) are metalloenzymes that hydrolyze urea to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide these enzymes, which are found in fungi, bacteria, and plants, show very similar structures. despite an abundance of urease in vegetal tissues, the physiological role of this enzyme in plants is still poorly understood. it has been previously described that ureases from the legumes jackbean ( canavalia ensiformis) and soybean ( glycine max) have insecticidal activity and antifungal properties. this ...200818494485
pb(ii) biosorption from hazardous aqueous streams using gossypium hirsutum (cotton) waste biomass.studies on the biosorptive ability of gossypium hirsutum (cotton) waste biomass outlined that smaller size of biosorbent (0.355mm), higher biomass dose (0.20g), 5 ph and 100mg/l initial pb(ii) concentration were more suitable for enhanced pb(ii) biosorption from aqueous medium. the langmuir isotherm model and pseudo second order kinetic model fitted well to the data of pb(ii) biosorption. highly negative magnitude of gibbs free energy (deltag degrees ) indicated that the process was spontaneous ...200918502037
detection of somaclonal variation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) using cytogenetics, flow cytometry and molecular markers.two protocols of plant regeneration for cotton were adopted in this study, namely, 2, 4-d and kinetin hormone combination and iba and kinetin hormone combination. twenty-eight embryogenic cell lines via somatic embryogenesis and 67 regenerated plants from these embryogenic calli were selected and used for random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd), simple sequence repeat (ssr), chromosomal number counting, and flow cytometric analysis. the roles of rapd and ssr markers in detecting somaclonal varia ...200818504587
characterization of 19 novel cotton fla genes and their expression profiling in fiber development and in response to phytohormones and salt stress.fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (flas), a subclass of arabinogalactan proteins (agps), are usually involved in cell development in plants. to investigate the expression profiling as well as the role of fla genes in fiber development, 19 ghfla genes (cdnas) were isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum). among them, 15 are predicted to be glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored to the plasma membranes. the isolated cotton flas could be divided into four groups. real-time quantitative revers ...200818507812
characteristics and analysis of simple sequence repeats in the cotton genome based on a linkage map constructed from a bc1 population between gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense.in the past decade, several molecular maps of cotton have been constructed using diverse dna molecular markers and mapping populations. in this study, an interspecific linkage map of allotetraploid cotton was developed using a bc1 population ((gossypium hirsutum x g. barbadense) x g. hirsutum). this map was genome-wide and was based entirely on simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. forty-four linkage groups were assigned to 26 chromosomes, with 917 loci spanning 5452.2 cm of the genome. the aver ...200818545277
outcrossed cottonseed and adventitious bt plants in arizona refuges.outcrossing of non-bt cotton (gossypium hirsutum (l.)) in refuges by transgenic bt cultivars could reduce the efficacy of refuges for delaying resistance in seed-feeding pests. based on reports that outcrossing decreased as distance from bt cotton increased in small-scale studies, we hypothesized that increasing refuge width or distance from bt fields would reduce outcrossing. in a large-scale study in arizona, we quantified bt seed in refuges of experimental and commercial fields, comparing out ...200818549770
overexpression of an h+-ppase gene from thellungiella halophila in cotton enhances salt tolerance and improves growth and photosynthetic performance.salinity is one of the major environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity. an h(+)-ppase gene, tsvp from thellungiella halophila, was transferred into cotton (gossypium hirsutum) in sense and antisense orientations under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. southern and northern blotting analysis showed that the sense or antisense tsvp were integrated into the cotton genome and expressed. transgenic plants overexpressing the vacuolar h(+)-ppase were much m ...200818550626
molecular cloning and characterization of a cytosolic glutamine synthetase gene, a fiber strength-associated gene in cotton.an expressed sequence tag encoding glutamine synthetase (gs) was identified by microarray-based hybridization using fiber mrnas of allotetraploid gossypium hirsutum, 7235, a super quality property germplasm line, and tm-1, a genetic standard in g. hirsutum. northern-blot analysis verified transcript accumulation differences in 8 dpa fibers (including ovules) in the two varieties. the full-length cdna encoding gs in 7235 was isolated and named ghgs. sequence analysis revealed that the ghgs was si ...200818560885
parallel domestication, convergent evolution and duplicated gene recruitment in allopolyploid cotton.a putative advantage of allopolyploidy is the possibility of differential selection of duplicated (homeologous) genes originating from two different progenitor genomes. in this note we explore this hypothesis using a high throughput, snp-specific microarray technology applied to seed trichomes (cotton) harvested from three developmental time points in wild and modern accessions of two independently domesticated cotton species, gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense. we show that homeolog expressio ...200818562666
chilling stress response of postemergent cotton seedlings.early season development of cotton is often impaired by sudden episodes of chilling temperature. we determined the chilling response specific to postemergent 13-day-old cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. coker 100a-glandless) seedlings. seedlings were gradually chilled during the dark period and rewarmed during the night-to-day transition. for some chilled plants, the soil temperature was maintained at control level. plant growth, water relations and net photosynthesis (p(n)) were analyzed after ...200818573190
co-expression and preferential interaction between two calcineurin b-like proteins and a cbl-interacting protein kinase from cotton.the cbl/cipk signaling system mediates a variety of responses to environmental stimuli in plants. in this work, we identified four cbl genes from gossypium hirsutum, two of which (designated ghcbl2 and ghcbl3) showed preferential expression in the elongating fiber cells. moreover, the expression patterns of these two cbl genes coincided with that of a putative cbl-interacting protein kinase gene (ghcipk1) that we isolated in a previous study. yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that among the four ...200818573665
atg-anchored aflp (atg-aflp) analysis in cotton.amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) marker system has had broad applications in biology. however, the anonymous aflp markers are mainly amplified from non-coding regions, limiting their usefulness as a functional marker system. to take advantages of the traditional aflp techniques, we propose substitution of a restriction enzyme that recognizes a restriction site containing atg, called atg-anchored aflp (atg-aflp) analysis. in this study, we chose nsii (recognizing atgcat) to replace e ...200818584177
a preliminary analysis of genome structure and composition in gossypium hirsutum.upland cotton has the highest yield, and accounts for > 95% of world cotton production. decoding upland cotton genomes will undoubtedly provide the ultimate reference and resource for structural, functional, and evolutionary studies of the species. here, we employed genetrek and bac tagging information approaches to predict the general composition and structure of the allotetraploid cotton genome.200818590573
production of mrna from the cry1ac transgene differs among bollgard lines which correlates to the level of subsequent protein.commercial cultivars of bollgard cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., differ in the amount of expressed cry1ac protein. however, the plant-mechanism for which this occurs is still unknown. using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr), we developed a method to determine if differences in the overall level of cry1ac among bollgard lines could be correlated to the mrna transcripts. our data shows that the cry1ac mrna transcript differs among bollgard lines and are correlated with corresp ...200918594999
molecular cloning, expression profiling, and yeast complementation of 19 beta-tubulin cdnas from developing cotton ovules.microtubules are a major structural component of the cytoskeleton and participate in cell division, intracellular transport, and cell morphogenesis. in the present study, 795 cotton tubulin expressed sequence tags were analysed and 19 beta-tubulin genes (tub) cloned from a cotton cdna library. among the group, 12 cotton tubs (ghtubs) are reported for the first time here. transcription profiling revealed that nine ghtubs were highly expressed in elongating fibre cells as compared with fuzzless-li ...200818596112
identification of micro-rnas in cotton.the plant genome has conserved small non-coding micrornas (mirnas) genes about 20-24 nucleotides long. they play a vital role in the gene regulation at various stages of plant life. their conserved nature among the various organisms not only suggests their early evolution in eukaryotes but also makes them a good source of new mirna discovery by homology search using bioinformatics tools. a systematic search approach was used for interspecies orthologues of mirna precursors, from known sequences ...201618603441
qtl mapping of yield and fiber traits based on a four-way cross population in gossypium hirsutum l.four-way cross (4wc) involving four different inbred lines frequently appears in the cotton breeding programs. however, linkage analysis and quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping with molecular markers in cotton has largely been applied to populations derived from a cross between two inbred lines, and few results of qtl dissection were conducted in a 4wc population. in this study, an attempt was made to construct a linkage map and identify qtl for yield and fiber quality traits in 4wc derived fr ...200818604518
resistance allele frequency to bt cotton in field populations of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in china.resistance evolution in target insects to bacillus thurningiensis (bt) cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., is a main threat to bt cotton technology. an increasing trend of population density of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) has been observed since 2001 in qiuxian county (hebei, china), where bt cotton has been planted dominantly since 1998. this region was selected in 2006 and 2007 for estimating frequency of gene alleles conferring resistance to bt cotton by screening the f1 ...200818613597
gene-rich islands for fiber development in the cotton genome.cotton fiber is an economically important seed trichome and the world's leading natural fiber used in the manufacture of textiles. as a step toward elucidating the genomic organization and distribution of gene networks responsible for cotton fiber development, we investigated the distribution of fiber genes in the cotton genome. results revealed the presence of gene-rich islands for fiber genes with a biased distribution in the tetraploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) genome that was also linke ...200818619771
geminivirus-mediated gene silencing from cotton leaf crumple virus is enhanced by low temperature in cotton.a silencing vector for cotton (gossypium hirsutum) was developed from the geminivirus cotton leaf crumple virus (clcrv). the clcrv coat protein gene was replaced by up to 500 bp of dna homologous to one of two endogenous genes, the magnesium chelatase subunit i gene (chli) or the phytoene desaturase gene (pds). cotyledons of cotton cultivar 'deltapine 5415' bombarded with the modified viral vectors manifested chlorosis due to silencing of either chli or pds in approximately 70% of inoculated pla ...200818621976
purification and characterization of cell suspensions peroxidase from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).two peroxidases, cpod-i and rpod-ii, have been isolated and purified from cotton cell suspension and their biochemical characteristics studied. rpod-ii from r405-2000, a non-embryogenic cultivar, has higher activity than cpod-i derived from coker 312, which developed an embryogenic structure. the cpod-i and rpod-ii had molecular mass of 39.1 and 64 kda respectively, as determined by sds-page. both enzymes showed high efficiency of interaction with the guaiacol at 25 mm. the optimal ph for cpod-i ...200918649146
silicon carbide whisker-mediated embryogenic callus transformation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and regeneration of salt tolerant plants.a silicon carbide whisker-mediated gene transfer system with recovery of fertile and stable transformants was developed for cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) cv. coker-312. two-month-old hypocotyl-derived embryogenic/non-embryogenic calli at different days after subculture were treated with silicon carbide whiskers for 2 min in order to deliver pgreen0029 encoding gus gene and prg229 avp1 gene, encoding arabidopsis vacuolar pyrophosphatase, having neomycin phosphotransferaseii (nptii) genes as plan ...200818663608
cloning and characterization of a tau glutathione s-transferase subunit encoding gene in gossypium hirsutum.a predicted tau glutathione s-transferase (gst) subunit encoding gene, named ghgst, was isolated from gossypium hirsutum with race method from ssh library based on verticillium dahliae stress. the data revealed an open reading frame of 678 bp encoding a protein of 225 amino acids with a molecular weight of 25.821 kda. semi-quantitative rt-pcr analysis showed that the mrna of ghgst was expressed in root, stem and leaf. and the content of ghgst expression increased under verticillium dahliae stres ...200818670133
plant-herbivore-carnivore interactions in cotton, gossypium hirsutum: linking belowground and aboveground.most studies on plant-herbivore interactions focus on either root or shoot herbivory in isolation, but above- and belowground herbivores may interact on a shared host plant. cotton (gossypium spp.) produces gossypol and a variety of other gossypol-like terpenoids that exhibit toxicity to a wide range of herbivores and pathogens. cotton plants also can emit herbivore-induced volatile compounds at the site of damage and systemically on all tissues above the site of damage. as these volatile compou ...200818709506
promoter of a cotton fibre myb gene functional in trichomes of arabidopsis and glandular trichomes of tobacco.cotton fibres are unicellular seed trichomes. our previous study suggested that the cotton r2r3 myb transcript factor gamyb2 is a functional homologue of the arabidopsis trichome regulator glabra1 (gl1). here, the gamyb2 promoter activity is reported in cotton (gossypium hirsutum), tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), and arabidopsis plants. a 2062 bp promoter of gamyb2 was isolated from g. arboreum, and fused to a beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene. in cotton, the gamyb2 promoter exhibited activiti ...200818711121
mapping and quantitative trait loci analysis of verticillium wilt resistance genes in cotton.verticillium wilt is one of the most serious constraints to cotton production in almost all of the cotton-growing countries. in this study, "xinluzao1" (xlz1), a susceptible cultivar gossypium hirsutum l. and "hai7124" (h7124), a resistant line g. barbadense, and their f(2:3) families were used to map and study the disease index induced by verticillium wilt. a total of 430 ssr loci were mapped into 41 linkage groups; the map spanned 3,745.9 cm and the average distance between adjacent loci was 8 ...200818713439
down-regulation of ghadf1 gene expression affects cotton fibre properties.cotton fibre is the most important natural fibres for textile industry. to date, the mechanism that governs the development of fibre traits is largely unknown. in this study, we have characterized the function of a member of the actin depolymerizing factor (adf) family in gossypium hirsutum by down-regulation of the gene (designated as ghadf1) expression in the transgenic cotton plants. we observed that both the fibre length and strength of the ghadf1-underexpressing plants increased as compared ...200918761653
specific expression of a beta-tubulin gene (ghtub1) in developing cotton fibers.a cdna library was constructed using poly (a)(+) rna isolated from -1-15 dpa fibers of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum). the cdna encoding a beta-tubulin isoform (designated as ghtub1) was identified through est search. northern blot analysis using 3'-utr of the cdna as a gene-specific probe was performed to investigate the expression levels of ghtub1 in various organs and in the developing fibers. the results showed that ghtub1 gene was specifically expressed in cotton fiber cells. during fib ...200318763138
survivorship of helicoverpa zea and heliothis virescens on cotton plant structures expressing a bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein.a series of tests quantified bollworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), and tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.), larval survival on plant structures of a nontransgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), 'coker 312', and two transgenic cottons expressing vip3a protein or both vip3a + crylab proteins (vipcot). vegetative and reproductive structures including terminal leaves, flower bud (square) bracts, whole debracted squares, flower petals, flower anthers, and intact capsules (bolls) were harvested f ...200818767734
fitness costs associated with cry1ac-resistant helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae): a factor countering selection for resistance to bt cotton?the heritability, stability, and fitness costs in a cry1ac-resistant helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) colony (ar) were measured in the laboratory. in response to selection, heritability values for ar increased in generations 4-7 and decreased in generations 11-19. ar had significantly increased pupal mortality, a male-biased sex ratio, and lower mating success compared with the unselected parental strain (sc). ar males had significantly more mating costs compared with females. a ...200818767756
the r2r3 myb transcription factor ghmyb109 is required for cotton fiber development.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fibers are single highly elongated cells derived from the outer epidermis of ovules. a large number of genes are required for fiber differentiation and development, but so far, little is known about how these genes control and regulate the process of fiber development. here we examine the role of the cotton-fiber-specific r2r3 myb gene ghmyb109 in cotton fiber development. transgenic reporter gene analysis revealed that a 2-kb ghmyb109 promoter was sufficient to co ...200818780729
analysis of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (xth) genes from allotetraploid (gossypium hirsutum) cotton and its diploid progenitors expressed during fiber elongation.multiple cellular pathways have been shown to be involved during fiber initiation and elongation stages in the cultivated allotetraploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum). the cell wall enzymes xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolases (xth) have been reported to be associated with the biosynthesis of the cell wall and the growth of cotton fibers, probably regulating the plasticity of the primary cell wall. among various cotton fiber cdnas found to be preferentially expressed in cotton fibers, a xylo ...200918789555
purification and biochemical characterization of polyphenol oxidases from embryogenic and nonembryogenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) cells.polyphenol oxidases (ppos) were isolated from cell suspensions of two cultivars of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), and their biochemical characteristics were studied. ppo from coker 312, an embryogenic cultivar, showed a highest affinity to catechol 20 mm, and ppo from r405-2000, a nonembryogenic cultivar, showed a highest affinity to 4-methylcatechol 20 mm. the optimal ph for ppo activity was 7.0 and 6.0 for coker 312 and r405-2000, respectively. the enzyme had an optimal temperature of 25 degr ...200918795241
nectar feeding by wandering spiders on cotton plants.spiders are assumed to be strictly carnivorous in assessments of their nutritional and energetic requirements, their habitat preferences, and their potential as biological control agents. however, members of salticidae (jumping spiders), thomisidae (crab spiders), and the fast-moving miturgidae, anyphaenidae, and corinnidae, all non-webbuilding wandering spiders, have been observed at floral and extrafloral nectaries of plants, presumably feeding on nectar. to test spiders in the field for necta ...200818801266
molecular diversity and association mapping of fiber quality traits in exotic g. hirsutum l. germplasm.the narrow genetic base of cultivated cotton germplasm is hindering the cotton productivity worldwide. although potential genetic diversity exists in gossypium genus, it is largely 'underutilized' due to photoperiodism and the lack of innovative tools to overcome such challenges. the application of linkage disequilibrium (ld)-based association mapping is an alternative powerful molecular tool to dissect and exploit the natural genetic diversity conserved within cotton germplasm collections, grea ...200818801424
global analysis of gene expression in cotton fibers from wild and domesticated gossypium barbadense.gossypium barbadense is widely cultivated because of its extra-long staple cotton with superior luster, silkiness and high yield. these economically important traits were selected during initial domestication of an agronomically inferior wild ancestor, followed by millennia of human-mediated selection. to reveal the effects of this history on the cotton fiber transcriptome, we conducted comparative expression profiling on mechanically isolated fiber cells at three different stages encompassing e ...200818803775
transcriptional profiling of mature arabidopsis trichomes reveals that noeck encodes the mixta-like transcriptional regulator myb106.leaf hairs (trichomes) of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) have been extensively used as a model to address general questions in cell and developmental biology. here, we lay the foundation for a systems-level understanding of the biology of this model cell type by performing genome-wide gene expression analyses. we have identified 3,231 genes that are up-regulated in mature trichomes relative to leaves without trichomes, and we compared wild-type trichomes with two mutants, glabra3 and triptyc ...200818805951
the ghacs1 gene encodes an acyl-coa synthetase which is essential for normal microsporogenesis in early anther development of cotton.microsporogenesis, associated with the functional expression of many genes, is a highly programmed and regulated process in flowering plants. to elucidate the roles of genes during anther development, two anther-specific cdnas (designated ghacs1 and ghacs2) encoding acyl-coa synthetases (acss) were isolated from a cotton (gossypium hirsutum) flower cdna library. subsequently, the corresponding ghacs1 gene was isolated from a cotton genomic dna library. real-time quantitative rt-pcr and northern ...200918826432
four near-isogenic lines of cotton with different genes for bacterial blight resistance.abstract the development and genetic characterization of four near-isogenic lines (nils) of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) is described herein. each line contains a single, but different, gene for resistance to bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum. the lines were derived using at least six backcrosses to the susceptible recurrent parent 'acala 44', followed by single plant-progeny row selection for uniformity. the nils are homozygous for the b(2), b(4), b(in), or b(7) g ...200218943887
evolution of virulence in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum using serial passage assays through susceptible cotton.fifty strains of fusarium oxysporum, recovered from rhizosphere soil around native gossypium species and found to be mildly virulent on cotton (gossypium hirsutum), were used to assay the propensity for evolution of virulence using serial passage assays through cotton. only one lineage a strain, 2613, successfully completed 10 successive passages, while all others lost the ability to cause foliar disease symptoms at various stages during this process. based on 46 amplified fragment length polymo ...200818944080
isolation, selection, and efficacy of pochonia chlamydosporia for control of rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton.abstract the reniform nematode, rotylenchulus reniformis, is a serious threat to cotton (gossypium hirsutum) production in the united states, causing an annual loss of about $80 million. the objective of this study was to isolate fungi from eggs of r. reniformis and select potential biocontrol agents for r. reniformis on cotton. we focused on the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia because it suppresses root-knot and cyst nematodes and because preliminary data indicated that it was present in arkansa ...200518944410
induction of terpenoid synthesis in cotton roots and control of rhizoctonia solani by seed treatment with trichoderma virens.abstract research on the mechanisms employed by the biocontrol agent trichoderma virens to suppress cotton (gossypium hirsutum) seedling disease incited by rhizoctonia solani has shown that mycoparasitism and antibiotic production are not major contributors to successful biological control. in this study, we examined the possibility that seed treatment with t. virens stimulates defense responses, as indicated by the synthesis of terpenoids in cotton roots. we also examined the role of these terp ...200018944616
inoculum densities of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and meloidogyne incognita in relation to the development of fusarium wilt and the phenology of cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum).abstract development of fusarium wilt in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) usually requires infections of plants by both meloidogyne incognita and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. in this study, the soil densities of m. incognita and f. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and the incidence of fusarium wilt in three field sites were determined in 1982-1984. multiple regression analysis of percent incidence of fusarium wilt symptoms on population densities of m. incognita and f. oxysporum f. sp. v ...199718945178
yield response of dual-toxin bt cotton to helicoverpa zea infestations.field cage experiments were conducted to determine the impact of bollworms, helicoverpa zea (boddie), on yields of bollgard ii and widestrike cotton, gossypium hirsutum l. one-day-old bollworm larvae were infested in white flowers of bollgard ii and in white flowers and terminals of widestrike cotton. the infestation levels included 0, 50, and 100% of white flowers for each type of cotton. terminal infestations included one or two larvae per terminal on widestrike cotton. larvae were placed in f ...200818950041
cotton harvest at 40% versus 75% boll-splitting on yield and economic return under standard and proactive boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) spray regimes.the standard practice of two or three preemptive insecticide applications at the start of pinhead (1-2-mm-diameter) squaring followed by threshold-triggered (when 10% of randomly selected squares have oviposition punctures) insecticide applications for boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), control does not provide reliable protection of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., lint production. this study, conducted during 2004 and 2005, showed that three to six fewer ...200818950042
expressions of three cotton genes encoding the pip proteins are regulated in root development and in response to stresses.cotton (gossypium hirsutum), the most important textile crop worldwide, often encounters water stress such as drought or waterlog during its growth season (summer). to investigate molecular mechanism of water regulation in cotton plants, three cdnas encoding the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (pip) were isolated from cotton root cdna library, and designated ghpip1;1, ghpip2;1 and ghpip2;2, respectively. all of the three pip proteins displayed water channel activity in xenopus laevis oocytes. ...200918956193
[overexpression of spinacia oleracea betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (sobadh) gene confers the salt and cold tolerant in gossypium hirsutum l].the open reading frame of spinacia oleracea betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (sobadh) was retrieved from spinacia oleracea and inserted into the agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector pbin438, which was driven by camv35s promoter, and produced the new binary vector pbsb. a. tumefaciens lba4404 carrying this plasmid was used in genetic transformation of plants. forty-five primary transgenic plants were detected by pcr and verified by the southern blotting from 65 regenerated plants, of which 27 tr ...200818998552
a cotton (gossypium hirsutum) dre-binding transcription factor gene, ghdreb, confers enhanced tolerance to drought, high salt, and freezing stresses in transgenic wheat.a cotton (g. hirsutum l.) dehydration responsive element binding protein gene, ghdreb, which encodes a 153 amino acid protein containing a conserved ap2/erebp domain, was isolated from the cdna library of cotton cv. simian 3 by a yeast one-hybrid system. rna blot analysis showed that the ghdreb gene was induced in cotton seedlings by drought, high salt and cold stresses. an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (emsa) indicated that the ghdreb protein bound specifically to the dre core element (a ...200919005655
cotton plant, gossypium hirsutum l., defense in response to nitrogen fertilization.plants respond to insect herbivory by producing dynamic changes in an array of defense-related volatile and nonvolatile secondary metabolites. a scaled response relative to herbivory levels and nutrient availability would be adaptive, particularly under nutrient-limited conditions, in minimizing the costs of expressed defensive pathways and synthesis. in this study, we investigated effects of varying nitrogen (n) fertilization (42, 112, 196, and 280 ppm n) on levels of cotton plant (gossypium hi ...200819020938
cotton metallothionein ghmt3a, a reactive oxygen species scavenger, increased tolerance against abiotic stress in transgenic tobacco and yeast.a cdna clone encoding a 64-amino acid type 3 metallothionein protein, designated ghmt3a, was isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) by cdna library screening. northern blot analysis indicated that mrna accumulation of ghmt3a was up-regulated not only by high salinity, drought, and low temperature stresses, but also by heavy metal ions, abscisic acid (aba), ethylene, and reactive oxygen species (ros) in cotton seedlings. transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants overexpressing ghmt3a showe ...200919033550
[cotton fiber quality traits were controlled mainly by maternal plant genotype].hai1, a gossypium barbadense l. variety with super fiber quality, and ccri36 and zhong221, two upland cotton cultivars (gossypium hirsutum l.), were used as recurrent parents to develop two backcross combinations of ccri36xhai1 and zhong221xhai1. fiber quality of inter-crossing bolls and self-crossing bolls were analyzed from different generations of the two combinations. the results showed that there existed significant difference in the average value, pole difference and cv% of fiber quality t ...200819073557
analysis of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) root proteomes during a compatible interaction with the black root rot fungus thielaviopsis basicola.a proteomic approach was used to uncover the inducible molecular defense mechanism of cotton root occurring during the compatible interaction with thielaviopsis basicola. microscopic observation of cotton root inoculated with a suspension of conidia showed that this necrotrophic hemibiotroph fungus interacts with the plant and completes its life cycle in our experimental system. 2-de analysis of root extracts taken after 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postinoculation and cluster analysis of the protein exp ...200919105169
total and percent atropisomers of gossypol and gossypol-6-methyl ether in seeds from pima cottons and accessions of gossypium barbadense l.gossypol occurs naturally in the seed, foliage, and roots of the cotton plant ( gossypium ) as atropisomers due to restricted rotation around the binaphthyl bond. the atropisomers differ in their biological activities. (-)-(r)-gossypol is more toxic and exhibits significantly greater anticancer activity than the (+)-(s)-atropisomer. most commercial upland ( gossypium hirsutum ) cottonseeds have an (r)- to (s)-gossypol ratio of approximately 2:3, but some pima ( gossypium barbadense ) seeds have ...200919113939
overexpression of thellungiella halophila h(+)-ppase (tsvp) in cotton enhances drought stress resistance of plants.an h(+)-ppase gene, tsvp from thellungiella halophila, was transferred into two cotton (gossypium hirsutum) varieties (lumianyan19 and lumianyan 21) and southern and northern blotting analysis showed the foreign gene was integrated into the cotton genome and expressed. the measurement of isolated vacuolar membrane vesicles demonstrated that the transgenic plants had higher v-h(+)-ppase activity compared with wild-type plants (wt). overexpressing tsvp in cotton improved shoot and root growth, and ...200919130078
lethal and sublethal effects of endosulfan on apolygus lucorum (hemiptera: miridae).various pesticides directly impact insect pest populations through acute toxicity (lethal) effects, but they also cause a range of indirect (sublethal) effects on pest physiology or behavior. in this study, we describe both lethal and sublethal effects of endosulfan on the survival, development, and fecundity of apolygus lucorum meyer-dür (hemiptera: miridae), an important pest of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in china. we quantify pesticide effects on adult mirids a ...200819133460
expression of genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism in cotton stems and roots.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l) is an important crop worldwide that provides fiber for the textile industry. cotton is a perennial plant that stores starch in stems and roots to provide carbohydrates for growth in subsequent seasons. domesticated cotton makes these reserves available to developing seeds which impacts seed yield. the goals of these analyses were to identify genes and physiological pathways that establish cotton stems and roots as physiological sinks and investigate the role these p ...200919161628
index selection on seed traits under direct, cytoplasmic and maternal effects in multiple environments.crop seeds are important sources of protein, oil, and carbohydrates for food, animal feeds, and industrial products. recently, much attention has been paid to quality and functional properties of crop seeds. however, seed traits possess some distinct genetic characteristics in comparison with plant traits, which increase the difficulty of genetically improving these traits. in this study, diallel analysis for seed models with genotype by environment interaction (ge) effect was applied to estimat ...200919161944
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