Publications

responses of cotton yield and meloidogyne incognita soil populations to soil applications of aldicarb and 1,3-d in florida.	in four tests conducted in loamy-sand soils in northern florida, cotton lint yield increased and post-harvest soil populations of meloidogyne incognita were more effectively suppressed by 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) than aldicarb when both nematicides were evaluated over a range of recommended rates. significant positive relationships existed between lint yield and rates of 1,3-d in three tests, whereas only one significant positive relationship occurred between lint yield and aldicarb rates. yi ...	1998	19274259
interaction between meloidogyne incognita and thielaviopsis basicola on cotton (gossypium hirsutum).	the effects of meloidogyne incognita and thielaviopsis basicola on the growth of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and the effects of t. basicola on m. incognita populations were evaluated in a 2-year study. microplots were infested with m. incognita, t. basicola, or a combination of m. incognita and t. basicola. uninfested plots served as controls both years. seedling survival was decreased by the m. incognita + t. basicola treatment compared to the control. meloidogyne incognita alone and m. incogni ...	1998	19274234
analysis of plastid dna-like sequences within the nuclear genomes of higher plants.	a wide-ranging examination of plastid (pt)dna sequence homologies within higher plant nuclear genomes (promiscuous dna) was undertaken. digestion with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and southern analysis was used to distinguish plastid and nuclear dna in order to assess the extent of variability of promiscuous sequences within and between plant species. some species, such as gossypium hirsutum (cotton), nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), and chenopodium quinoa, showed homogenity of these se ...	1998	9615455
manipulation of catalase levels produces altered photosynthesis in transgenic tobacco plants.	constructs containing the cdnas encoding the primary leaf catalase in nicotiana or subunit 1 of cottonseed (gossypium hirsutum) catalase were introduced in the sense and antisense orientation into the nicotiana tabacum genome. the n. tabacum leaf cdna specifically overexpressed cat-1, the high catalatic [corrected] form, activity. antisense constructs reduced leaf catalase specific activities from 0.20 to 0.75 times those of wild type (wt), and overexpression constructs increased catalase specif ...	1998	9449845
peanut-cotton-rye rotations and soil chemical treatment for managing nematodes and thrips.	in the southeastern united states, a cotton-peanut rotation is attractive because of the high value and extensive planting of both crops in the region. the objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of cotton-peanut rotations, rye, and soil chemical treatments on management of plant-parasitic nematodes, thrips, and soilborne fungal diseases and on crop yield. peanut-cotton-rye rotations were conducted from 1988 to 1994 on tifton loamy sand (plinthic kandiudult) infested primarily ...	1998	19274213
crop yields and nematode population densities in triticale-cotton and triticale-soybean rotations.	triticale cv. beagle 82, cotton cv. mcnair 235, and soybean cv. twiggs were arranged in three cropping sequences to determine the effects of fenamiphos and cropping sequence on nematode population densities and crop yields under conservation tillage for 4 years. the cropping sequences were triticale (t)-cotton (c)-t-c, t-soybean (s)-t-s, and t-c-t-s. numbers of meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles declined on trificale but increased on cotton and soybean each year. root-gall indices of c ...	1998	19274228
polyploid formation created unique avenues for response to selection in gossypium (cotton).	a detailed restriction fragment length polymorphism map was used to determine the chromosomal locations and subgenomic distributions of quantitative trait loci (qtls) segregating in a cross between cultivars of allotetraploid (aadd) gossypium hirsutum ("upland" cotton) and gossypium barbadense ("sea island," "pima," or "egyptian" cotton) that differ markedly in the quality and quantity of seed epidermal fibers. most qtls influencing fiber quality and yield are located on the "d" subgenome, deriv ...	1998	9539752
survey of crop losses in response to phytoparasitic nematodes in the united states for 1994.	previous reports of crop losses to plant-parasitic nematodes have relied on published results of survey data based on certain commodities, including tobacco, peanuts, cotton, and soybean. reports on crop-loss assessment by land-grant universities and many commodity groups generally are no longer available, with the exception of the university of georgia, the beltwide cotton conference, and selected groups concerned with soybean. the society of nematologists extension committee contacted extensio ...	1999	19270925
increased nuclear dna content in developing cotton fiber cells.	the nuclear dna content of developing cotton fiber cells (gossypium hirsutum, cv. md51ne) increases ~24% after 2 d postanthesis (dpa). the amount of nuclear dna at 2 dpa is 5.4 +/- 0.27 pg. at 3-4 dpa it increases to 6.7 +/- 0.24 pg and by 5 dpa it is 6.8 +/- 0.70 pg. these values were obtained by nuclear fluorescence after staining with hoechst 33258. human oral squamous cell nuclei were used as a dna standard. nuclear dna content increases in fibers growing on either fertilized or unfertilized ...	1999	10371719
gtpase activity and biochemical characterization of a recombinant cotton fiber annexin.	a cdna encoding annexin was isolated from a cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fiber cdna library. the cdna was expressed in escherichia coli, and the resultant recombinant protein was purified. we then investigated some biochemical properties of the recombinant annexin based on the current understanding of plant annexins. an "add-back experiment" was performed to study the effect of the recombinant annexin on beta-glucan synthase activity, but no effect was found. however, it was found that the recomb ...	1999	10069831
heterologous myb genes distinct from gl1 enhance trichome production when overexpressed in nicotiana tabacum.	myb-class transcription factors implicated in cell shape regulation were overexpressed in arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana tabacum in an attempt to assess the extent to which cellular differentiation programs might be shared between these distantly related plants. glabrous 1, a myb gene required for trichome development in arabidopsis, did not alter the trichome phenotype of the tobacco plants in which it was overexpressed. mixta, which in antirrhinum majus is reported to regulate certain aspe ...	1999	9895315
identification of disease response genes expressed in gossypium hirsutum upon infection with the wilt pathogen verticillium dahliae.	verticillium wilt is a vascular disease of cotton (gossypium spp.) caused by the fungal pathogen verticillium dahliae. to begin to understand the molecular mechanisms of the disease response in cotton cultivars that display superior wilt tolerance, such as gossypium hirsutum cv. sicala v-1, a cdna library was constructed with mrna isolated from root tissue of sicala v-1, 24 h after inoculation with v. dahliae. the library was screened by a differential screening technique which was successful in ...	1999	10412907
identification and expression of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plastidial carbonic anhydrase.	four carbonic anhydrase (ca) cdna clones were isolated from a 48 h dark-grown cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seedling cdna library. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed two different ca isoforms designated ghca1 and ghca2. the encoded polypeptides possess n-terminal serine/threonine-rich regions indicative of plastid transit peptides, and approximately 80% sequence identity to other plant plastidial beta-cas. the ghca1 cdna encodes a nearly complete preprotein of 323 amino acids with a molecula ...	1999	10682348
interplant movement of heliothis virescens (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae in pure and mixed plantings of cotton with and without expression of the cry1ac delta-endotoxin protein of bacillus thuringiensis berliner.	laboratory and field studies were conducted during 1993 and 1994 to quantify interplant movement of heliothis virescens (f.) larvae in pure and mixed plantings of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., with ('event 531') and without ('coker 312') the expression of cry1ac delta-endotoxin protein of bacillus thuringiensis berliner. field studies were conducted with neonate, 4-, and 7-d-old larvae placed on 3-plant experimental units and observed at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after inoculation of larvae. combini ...	1999	10504897
comparison of variable and single-rate applications of aldicarb on cotton yield in fields infested with meloidogyne incognita.	variable-rate applications of the nematicide aldicarb were compared to producer standard rates in eight field tests over 3 years. test areas (308 to 1,015 m long) were divided into eight or five blocks. each block contained two plots with a variable-rate treatment (vrt) of aldicarb and a producer standard treatment (pst) of aldicarb. each vrt plot was divided into three subunits and intensively sampled for meloidogyne incognita in either the fall or spring before planting. rates of aldicarb were ...	1999	19270939
bahiagrass, corn, cotton rotations, and pesticides for managing nematodes, diseases, and insects on peanut.	florunner peanut was grown after 1 and 2 years of tifton 9 bahiagrass, corn, cotton, and continuous peanut as whole-plots. pesticide treatments aldicarb (3.4 kg a.i./ha), flutolanil (1.7 kg a.i./ha), aldicarb + flutolanil, and untreated (control) were sub-plots. numbers of meloidogyne arenaria second-stage juveniles in the soil and root-gall indices of peanut at harvest were consistently lower in plots treated with aldicarb and aldicarb + flutolanil than in flutolanil-treated and untreated plots ...	1999	19270889
the involvement of hydrogen peroxide in the differentiation of secondary walls in cotton fibers	h2o2 is a widespread molecule in many biological systems. it is created enzymatically in living cells during various oxidation reactions and by leakage of electrons from the electron transport chains. depending on the concentration h2o2 can induce cell protective responses, programmed cell death, or necrosis. here we provide evidence that h2o2 may function as a developmental signal in the differentiation of secondary walls in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibers. three lines of evidence support th ...	1999	10069824
identification and cloning of a complementary dna encoding a vicilin-like proprotein, jug r 2, from english walnut kernel (juglans regia), a major food allergen.	walnuts and other tree nuts are important food-allergen sources that have the potential to be associated with life-threatening, ige-mediated systemic reactions in some individuals.	1999	10589017
duplicated genes evolve independently after polyploid formation in cotton.	of the many processes that generate gene duplications, polyploidy is unique in that entire genomes are duplicated. this process has been important in the evolution of many eukaryotic groups, and it occurs with high frequency in plants. recent evidence suggests that polyploidization may be accompanied by rapid genomic changes, but the evolutionary fate of discrete loci recently doubled by polyploidy (homoeologues) has not been studied. here we use locus-specific isolation techniques with comparat ...	1999	10588718
glycerol is a suberin monomer. new experimental evidence for an old hypothesis	the monomer composition of the esterified part of suberin can be determined using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy technology and is accordingly believed to be well known. however, evidence was presented recently indicating that the suberin of green cotton (gossypium hirsutum cv green lint) fibers contains substantial amounts of esterified glycerol. this observation is confirmed in the present report by a sodium dodecyl sulfate extraction of membrane lipids and by a developmental study, demo ...	1999	10069853
inhibition and acclimation of photosynthesis to heat stress is closely correlated with activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase	increasing the leaf temperature of intact cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants caused a progressive decline in the light-saturated co2-exchange rate (cer). cer was more sensitive to increased leaf temperature in wheat than in cotton, and both species demonstrated photosynthetic acclimation when leaf temperature was increased gradually. inhibition of cer was not a consequence of stomatal closure, as indicated by a positive relationship between leaf temperature an ...	1999	10318695
coordinated accumulation of (+)-delta-cadinene synthase mrnas and gossypol in developing seeds of gossypium hirsutum and a new member of the cad1 family from g. arboreum.	a new member of the (+)-delta-cadinene synthase (cad1) family was isolated from a gossypium arboreum cdna library. this cdna encodes a protein that showed 97.3%, 96.9%, and 79.2% sequence identities with the proteins encoded by previously isolated cdnas of cad1-c1, cad1-c14, and cad1-a, respectively. it may be grouped into the cad1-c subfamily as cad1-c2. seeds of a glanded cotton cultivar, g. hirsutum cv. sumian-6, were collected at different intervals during maturation, and the cad1 mrna level ...	1999	10075752
conditioning of fasciation by gibberellin and genotype in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).	the round-leafed mutant cotton line l-501 developed fasciation of the upper stem when field grown in central asia. fasciation co-segregated with the mutant gene for round leaves in.(l) fasciation developed at the flowering stage, but removal of floral buds did not prevent fasciation. fasciation in l-501 could be inhibited by the gibberellin (ga) biosynthesis inhibitor chlorocholine chloride or by fusicoccin. ga(3) application in the field induced fasciation in the mutant's parental line l-463, w ...	1999	10467019
mobility of the herbicide pyrithiobac through intact soil columns.	the relative mobility of pyrithiobac [sodium 2-chloro-6-(4, 6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylthio)benzoate], a new herbicide used for postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in cotton (gossypium hirsutum), was evaluated and compared against that of bromide (br(-)) tracer on four soils representative of cotton-growing regions using intact soil columns under saturated flow conditions. pyrithiobac breakthrough curves were asymmetrical in shape with significant tailing and displaced to the left of 1 pore v ...	1999	10564050
hmg-coa reductase gene family in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.): unique structural features and differential expression of hmg2 potentially associated with synthesis of specific isoprenoids in developing embryos.	as a first step towards understanding the biosynthesis of isoprenoids that accumulate in specialized pigment glands of cotton at the molecular level, two full-length genes (hmg1 and hmg2) were characterized encoding hmg-coa reductase (hmgr; ec 1.1.1.34), the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a key isoprenoid precursor. cotton hmgr genes exhibited features typical of other plant genes, however, hmg2 encodes the largest of all plant hmgr enzymes described to date. hmg2 contains several novel ...	1999	10501034
gene-specific changes in alpha-tubulin transcript accumulation in developing cotton fibers.	the fibers of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) are single-cell trichomes that undergo rapid and synchronous elongation. cortical microtubules provide spatial information necessary for the alignment of cellulose microfibrils that confine and regulate cell elongation. we used gene-specific probes to investigate alpha-tubulin transcript levels in elongating cotton fibers. two discrete patterns of transcript accumulation were observed. whereas transcripts of alpha-tubulin genes ghtua2/3 and ghtua4 increa ...	1999	10482673
new ribosomal rna gene locations in gossypium hirsutum mapped by meiotic fish.	in this study we have mapped newly identified rdna loci in gossypium hirsutum. four new minor 18s-26s rdna loci, in addition to the sites previously identified, were mapped using fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) to heterozygous translocation (nt) quadrivalents (ivs). the newly detected 18s-26s rdna loci were mapped to the right arms of chromosomes 8, 9, 15, 17, 19, 20, and 23 and the left arms of chromosomes 5, 11, 12, and 14. using the rdna loci as common reference points, we detected ...	1999	10398849
differential regulation of six novel myb-domain genes defines two distinct expression patterns in allotetraploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).	a pcr-based strategy was employed to identify myb-related genes potentially involved in the differentiation and development of cotton seed trichomes. cdna clones representing six newly identified cotton myb-domain genes (ghmyb) of the r2r3-myb family were characterized in the allotetraploid species gossypium hirsutum l. (2n = 4x = 52; aadd). several interesting motifs and domains in the transregulatory region (trr) were identified as potential candidates for modulating ghmyb activity. one such s ...	1999	10394903
low levels of nucleotide diversity at homoeologous adh loci in allotetraploid cotton (gossypium l.).	levels of genetic diversity within and among populations and species are shaped by both external (population-level) and internal (genomic and genic) evolutionary forces. to address the effect of internal pressures, we estimated nucleotide diversity for a pair of homoeologous adh loci in an allotetraploid species, gossypium hirsutum. these data represent the first such estimates for a pair of homoeologous nuclear loci in plants. estimates of nucleotide diversity for adha in gossypium are lower th ...	1999	10331275
changes in molecular species of triacylglycerols in developing cotton seeds under salt stress.	cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. s4) were grown and irrigated with increasing salt concentrations: 0, 50, 100 and 150 mm nacl. lipids from developing seeds, at stages of 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks after anthesis, were analysed. high salt dose (150 mm nacl) affected triacylglycerol levels drastically at the end of ripening. hplc analysis of triacylglycerols in control seeds showed ten molecular species. palmitodilinolein (pll) is the major fraction, representing about 25% of total triacylglycero ...	2000	11171251
[genetic analysis on flowering and boll setting in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). iii. genetic behavior at different developing stages].	an additive-dominant genetic model with genotype by environment interaction was employed to analyze the genetic behavior of flowering and fruiting at different development stages, with 2-year data from 4 x 4 diallel crosses. the results of variance analysis indicated that flowering and fruiting behaviors were mainly controlled by dominant effects at early period, but by additive effects later on. compared with genetic main effects, ge interaction effects playeda minor role on the flowering and f ...	2000	11132496
multilocus interactions restrict gene introgression in interspecific populations of polyploid gossypium (cotton).	experimental advanced-generation backcross populations contain individuals with genomic compositions similar to those resulting from interspecific hybridization in nature. by applying a detailed restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) map to 3662 bc3f2 plants derived from 24 different bc1 individuals of a cross between gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense, large and widespread deficiencies of donor (g. barbadense) chromatin were found, and seven independent chromosomal regions were entir ...	2000	10937254
ty1-copia-retrotransposon behavior in a polyploid cotton.	retrotransposons constitute a ubiquitous and dynamic component of plant genomes. intragenomic and intergenomic comparisons of related genomes offer potential insights into retrotransposon behavior and genomic effects. here, we have used fluorescent in-situ hybridization to determine the chromosomal distributions of a ty1-copia-like retrotransposon in the cotton ad-genome tetraploid gossypium hirsutum and closely related putative a- and d-genome diploid ancestors. retrotransposon clone a108 hybri ...	2000	10730591
dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates in developing leaves, bracts and floral buds of cotton.	development of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) squares (i.e. floral buds with bracts) is fundamental for yield formation. a 2-year field study was conducted to determine dry weight (dw) accumulations of cotton leaves, floral bracts and floral buds, and the changes in concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates (hexoses, sucrose and starch) in these tissues during square ontogeny as affected by fruiting positions within the plant canopy. during square development, dw accumulation of a subtendin ...	2000	10725518
an assessment of alphaalpha-tubulin isotype modification in developing cotton fiber.	multiple isoforms of alpha- and beta-tubulin accumulate in higher plant cells, including cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber. isotypes may originate either by transcription of distinct genes or by posttranslational modification of gene products. the existence of two types of posttranslational modification in cotton fiber alpha-tubulin has been examined by immunoblotting cotton fiber proteins from two developmental stages and by probing with specific monoclonal antibodies to acetylated (6-11b-1) ...	2000	10648195
expression of a lipid transfer protein gene family during cotton fibre development.	there are six to eight lipid transfer protein-related genes in the allotetraploid gossypium hirsutum genome, three of which, fsltp1, fsltp2 and fsltp3, were isolated in two genomic clones. all three genes potentially encode full-length lipid transfer proteins (ltps), but sequence differences between these and the cotton fibre-specific cdna previously reported, pfs6, suggest that none is likely to encode the fibre transcripts. gene-specific rt-pcr experiments showed that expression patterns of th ...	2000	10634943
effect of heat stress on the inhibition and recovery of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activation state.	experiments were conducted to determine the relative contributions of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco; ec 4.1.1.39) activation state vis-a-vis rubisco activase and metabolite levels to the inhibition of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) photosynthesis by heat stress. exposure of leaf tissue in the light to temperatures of 40 or 45 degrees c decreased the activation state of rubisco to levels that were 65 or 10%, respectively, of the 28 degrees c control. ribulose-1,5-bispho ...	2000	11219585
effect of light intensity on in vitro multiple shoot induction and regeneration of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv khandawa-2).	cotyledonary nodes taken alongwith shoot apex from seedlings of cotton (g. hirsutum) proliferated into shoots on nutrient agar medium supplemented with cytokinins. in the presence of optimal plant growth regulators, low light intensity enhanced the number of shoots initiated per explant in cotton. an average of 33.5 +/- 2.9 shoots were obtained from a single explant cultured for 8 weeks which is about four fold higher than the values reported in earlier protocols. the isolated shoots were rooted ...	2000	11218821
thermal dependence of malate synthase activity and its relationship to the thermal dependence of seedling emergence.	cotton yields are often reduced by low temperatures at early planting dates. improved seedling metabolism at low temperatures may enhance seedling performance. the glyoxylate cycle plays a role in the metabolism of stored lipids, and thus thermal limitations on the function of malate synthase (ec 4.1.3.2) may be involved in low-temperature limitations on seedlings. the thermal dependencies of the apparent k(m) and maximal velocity for the malate synthases from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and ...	2000	11052697
effects of mild night chilling on respiration of expanding cotton leaves.	utilizing expanding leaves of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. coker 312), the hypothesis that suboptimal night temperatures above those for putative phase transitions of mitochondrial lipids caused greater substrate control of night respiration and increased the control that respiration exerted on atp-dependent metabolism was tested. night respiratory co(2) evolution rates for 5-7-day-old leaves growing at 30/19 degrees (day/night) nearly equaled those of leaves exposed to 28 degrees c nights, ...	2000	10960737
leaf senescence-like characteristics contribute to cotton's premature photosynthetic decline.	leaf and canopy photosynthesis of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) declines as the crop approaches cutout, just as the assimilate needs for reproductive growth are peaking. our objective with this study was to determine whether this decline is due to remobilization of leaf components to support the reproductive growth or due to some cue from the changing environmental conditions during the growing season. field studies were conducted in 1995-1996 at stoneville, mississippi, using six cotton genoty ...	2000	16228485
yield reduction and root damage to cotton induced by belonolaimus longicaudatus.	sting nematode (belonolaimus longicaudatus) is recognized as a pathogen of cotton (gossypium hirsutum), but the expected damage from a given population density of this nematode has not been determined. the objective of this study was to quantify the effects of increasing initial population densities (pi) of b. longicaudatus on cotton yield and root mass. in a field plot study, nematicide application and cropping history were used to obtain a wide range of pi values. cotton yields were regressed ...	2000	19270967
effects of potato-cotton cropping systems and nematicides on plant-parasitic nematodes and crop yields.	belonolaimus longicaudatus has been reported as damaging both potato (solanum tuberosum) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum). these crops are not normally grown in cropping systems together in areas where the soil is infested with b. longicaudatus. during the 1990s cotton was grown in a potato production region that was a suitable habitat for b. longicaudatus. it was not known how integrating the production of these two crops by rotation or double-cropping would affect the population densities of b. ...	2000	19270980
population dynamics of belonolaimus longicaudatusin a cotton production system.	belonolaimus longicaudatus is a recognized pathogen of cotton (gossypium hirsutum), but insufficient information is available on the population dynamics and economic thresholds of b. longicaudatus in cotton production. in this study, data collected from a field in florida were used to develop models predicting population increases of b. longicaudatus on cotton and population declines under clean fallow. population densities of b. longicaudatus increased on cotton, reaching a carrying capacity of ...	2000	19270968
root galling and reproduction of meloidogyne incognita isolates from texas on resistant cotton genotypes.	several cotton genotypes with resistance to meloidogyne incognita have been released in recent years. to estimate the durability of this resistance, galling severity on these resistant genotypes by m. incognita was measured. nematode isolates (115 total) were collected from cotton fields in 14 texas counties in august and september 1996 and 1997. four additional isolates from maryland, mississippi, and north carolina were also tested. the isolates were evaluated in 12 greenhouse experiments for ...	2000	19271003
electron transport through photosystem ii in leaves during light pulses: acceptor resistance increases with nonphotochemical excitation quenching.	light response curves of photosystem (ps) ii electron transport from oxygen evolving complex to plastoquinone (pq) were measured in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) leaves by recording o(2) evolution and fluorescence in 5-200 ms light pulses of 500-13500 micromol absorbed quanta m(-2) s(-1). the leaves were pre-adapted at 60-2000 micromol quanta m(-2) s(-1) for 60 min to obtain different nonphotochemical excitation quenching, whi ...	2000	11106767
salicylic acid mediated by the oxidative burst is a key molecule in local and systemic responses of cotton challenged by an avirulent race of xanthomonas campestris pv malvacearum.	we analyzed the production of reactive oxygen species, the accumulation of salicylic acid (sa), and peroxidase activity during the incompatible interaction between cotyledons of the cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cv reba b50/xanthomonas campestris pv malvacearum (xcm) race 18. sa was detected in petioles of cotyledons 6 h after infection and 24 h post inoculation in cotyledons and untreated leaves. the first peak of sa occurred 3 h after generation of superoxide (o(2)(.-)), and was inhibited by inf ...	2000	10712539
cloning of a gene for an acyl-coa dehydrogenase from pisum sativum l. and purification and characterization of its product as an isovaleryl-coa dehydrogenase.	isovaleryl-coa dehydrogenase (ivd, ec ) catalyzes the third step in the catabolism of leucine in mammals. deficiency of this enzyme leads to the clinical disorder isovaleric acidemia. ivd has been purified and characterized from human and rat liver, and the x-ray crystallographic structure of purified recombinant human ivd has been reported. nothing is known about ivd activity in plants, although cdna clones from arabidopsis thaliana and partial sequences from gossypium hirsutum and oryza sativa ...	2000	10913142
feeding behavior of bollworm and tobacco budworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae in mixed stands of nontransgenic and transgenic cotton expressing an insecticidal protein.	feeding behavior of third-instar bollworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), and tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.), was observed in pure and mixed stands of nontransgenic and transgenic cotton (btk), gossypium hirsutum l., expressing an insecticidal protein cryia(c) from a bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis berliner subsp. kurstaki. five plant stands composed of btk and non-btk plants were evaluated; two pure stands and three mixed stands. percentage ratios of btk to non-btk plants in the stands ...	2000	10985046
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolism in transgenic tolerant cotton (gossypium hirsutum).	the metabolic fate of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) was studied in leaves of transgenic 2,4-d-tolerant cotton (gossypium hirsutum), which is obtained by transfer of the tfda gene from the bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus. the tdfa gene codes for a dioxygenase catalyzing the degradation of 2,4-d to 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp). [phenyl-(14)c]-2,4-d was administered by petiolar absorption followed by an 18 h water chase or converted to the isopropyl ester and sprayed onto the leaf surface ...	2000	11087477
genetic diversity evaluation of some chinese elite cotton varieties with rapd markers.	rapds analysis was used to assess the genetic diversity of some elite cotton varieties. 17 cotton varieties or breeding lines were screened with 200 arbitrary primers to generate 113 polymorphic bands. cluster analysis and upgma showed that 17 varieties could be put into 3 clusters corresponding to genome difference. the genetic similarity among them ranged from 0.2000 to 0.8451. three elite varieties ejing-1, sumian-3 and zhongmiansuo-12 are highly similar in genetic base. 7581, an offspring fr ...	2000	11132498
induction of terpenoid synthesis in cotton roots and control of rhizoctonia solani by seed treatment with trichoderma virens.	abstract research on the mechanisms employed by the biocontrol agent trichoderma virens to suppress cotton (gossypium hirsutum) seedling disease incited by rhizoctonia solani has shown that mycoparasitism and antibiotic production are not major contributors to successful biological control. in this study, we examined the possibility that seed treatment with t. virens stimulates defense responses, as indicated by the synthesis of terpenoids in cotton roots. we also examined the role of these terp ...	2000	18944616
effect of foliar applications of oxamyl with aldicarb for the management of rotylenchulus reniformison cotton.	the efficacy of foliar applications of oxamyl were evaluated for the management of rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton in mississippi. two tests were established in tallahatchie county on a fine sandy loam soil (56.8% sand, 37.8% silt, 5.3% clay, ph 5.4, and 0.3% om) naturally infested with r. reniformis. oxamyl was applied as a foliar spray at 0.14, 0.27, or 0.53 kg a.i./ha to cotton plants that had reached the sixth true leaf growth stage. a second oxamyl application was applied 14 days after t ...	2000	19271008
efficacy of cotton root destruction and winter cover crops for suppression of hoplolaimus columbus.	the efficacy of rye (secale cereale) and wheat (triticum aestivum) winter cover crops and cotton stalk and root destruction (i.e., pulling them up) were evaluated in field tests during two growing seasons for hoplolaimus columbus management in cotton. the effect of removing debris from the field following root destruction also was evaluated. wheat and rye produced similar amounts of biomass, and both crops produced more biomass (p </= 0.05) following cotton root destruction. cover crops did not ...	2000	19271009
population dynamics of meloidogyne incognita, m. arenaria,and other nematodes and crop yields in rotations of cotton, peanut, and wheat under minimum tillage.	wheat, cotton, and peanut were arranged in three cropping sequences to determine the effects of fenamiphos (6.7 kg a.i./ha) and cropping sequence on nematode population densities and crop yields under conservation tillage and irrigation for 6 years. the cropping sequences included a wheat winter cover crop each year and summer crops of cotton every year, peanut every year, or cotton rotated every other year with peanut. the population densities of meloidogyne spp. and helicotylenchus dihystera w ...	2000	19270949
a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cotton in northeastern louisiana.	a survey was conducted in northeastern louisiana to determine the frequency and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cotton. in fall 1997 and 1998, more than 600 soil samples were collected from cotton fields representing 6,200 ha, which is 5.3% of the cotton production hectarage in this region. composite soil samples were collected from 10 ha in each field. nematodes were extracted by gravity screening and sucrose centrifugation, identified to genus, and quantified. nine gener ...	2000	19271002
tolerance of selected cotton lines to rotylenchulus reniformis.	the reproductive and damage potential of the reniform nematode, rotylenchulus reniformis, on five cotton breeding lines reported as tolerant to this nematode in texas were compared with two standard cotton cultivars, deltapine 50 and stoneville la 887, in a north carolina field naturally infested with r. reniformis. numbers of r. reniformis in soil were suppressed at mid-season, and cotton-lint yield was increased by preplant fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene. population densities of r. renifo ...	2000	19271004
management of root-knot and reniform nematodes in ultra-narrow row cotton with 1,3-dichloropropene.	ultra-narrow row cotton studies were conducted during 1999 at two field sites in northern florida. one site was naturally infested with meloidogyne incognita race 3 and the other with rotylenchulus reniformis. the fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) was applied broadcast at rates of 0, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, and 96 kg ai./ha in replicated plots before planting delta pine 655 brr cotton in 25-cm-wide rows. post-harvest soil population densities at the root-knot nematode site had a significant (p </ ...	2001	19265894
the experimental herbicide cga 325'615 inhibits synthesis of crystalline cellulose and causes accumulation of non-crystalline beta-1,4-glucan associated with cesa protein.	developing cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibers, cultured in vitro with their associated ovules, were used to compare the effects of two herbicides that inhibit cellulose synthesis: 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dcb) and an experimental thiatriazine-based herbicide, cga 325'615. cga 325'615 in nanomolar concentrations or dcb in micromolar concentrations causes inhibition of synthesis of crystalline cellulose. unlike dcb, cga 325'615 also causes concomitant accumulation of non-crystalline beta-1,4-gluc ...	2001	11457949
bollworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) survival on 'bollgard' and 'bollgard ii' cotton flower bud and flower components.	genetically modified cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., cultivars ('bollgard') that produce crystalline proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) are valuable tools for managing lepidopteran insect pests in the united states. however, high numbers of bollworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), larvae have been observed feeding in white flowers of these cultivars. fresh tissue bioassays were conducted to investigate bollworm survival on bollgard and 'bollgard ii' cottons. bollworm survival was higher o ...	2001	11777047
impact of bt cottons expressing one or two insecticidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis berliner on growth and survival of noctuid (lepidoptera) larvae.	a series of laboratory assays were performed to compare the relative impact of commercial and experimental cultivars of cotton, gossypium hirsutum (l.), expressing zero, one, or two insecticidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis berliner, on several lepidopteran pests. assays in which larvae were fed fresh plant tissue indicated that dual-toxin b. thuringiensis (bt) cultivars, expressing both cry1ac and cry2ab endotoxins of b. thuringiensis, were more toxic to bollworms, helicoverpa zea (boddie ...	2001	11425033
a putative plant homolog of the yeast beta-1,3-glucan synthase subunit fks1 from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fibers.	a novel plant gene cfl1 was cloned from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fibers by expressed sequence tag (est) database searching and 5'-race (rapid amplification of cdna ends). this gene shows sequence homology with fks1 which has been identified as the putative catalytic subunit of the yeast beta-1,3-glucan synthase. it encodes a protein (cfl1p) of 219 kda with 13 deduced transmembrane helices and 2 large hydrophilic domains, one of which is at the n-terminus and the other in the internal regio ...	2001	11469587
cellulose in cyanobacteria. origin of vascular plant cellulose synthase?	although cellulose biosynthesis among the cyanobacteria has been suggested previously, we present the first conclusive evidence, to our knowledge, of the presence of cellulose in these organisms. based on the results of x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy of microfibrils, and cellobiohydrolase i-gold labeling, we report the occurrence of cellulose biosynthesis in nine species representing three of the five sections of cyanobacteria. sequence analysis of the genomes of four cyanobacteria revea ...	2001	11598227
cloning and expressionanalysis of two cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) genes encodingcell wall proline-rich proteins.	two cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) genes, ghprp1 and ghprp2, encoding cell wall proline-rich proteins (prps) have been cloned and characterized. the ghprpl gene has an open reading frame (orf) that encodes a prp of 299 amino acids (aa), whereas the ghprp2 gene contains an orf that codes for a 310-aa prp. the ghprp1 has an 80% identity in aa sequence with that of ghprp2. like other plant cell wall prps, both cotton prps have a hydrophobic signal peptide at their n-termini, followed by repeating p ...	2001	11913783
cloning of peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase gene from barley and enhanced thermotolerance by overexpressing in arabidopsis thaliana.	a full-length cdna clone (hvapx1) encoding a peroxisomal type ascorbate peroxidase was isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare cv. haruna-nijyo) leaves by differential display. the deduced amino acid sequence of the hvapx1 gene had 75.3% homology to that from the gossypium hirsutum glyoxysomal apx gene and 72.1% homology to that from the arabidopsis thaliana peroxisomal apx gene, apx3. southern blot analysis indicated that a single-copy gene in the barley genome encoded hvapx1. northern blot analy ...	2001	11483357
histochemical localization of enzymes in the stigma and style of gossypium hirsutum l. during pre- and post-pollination stages.	the distributional pattern of some enzymes (esterase, beta-d-galactosidase, succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase) is described in the dry stigma and closed style of gossypium hirsutum l. during pre- and post-pollination stages. all the four enzymes indicated granular reaction and increased activity in the transmitting tissue and its surrounding cells during post pollinated stage. the possible physiological role of these enzymes in pollen tube growth in vivo in stigma and style is dis ...	2001	114462
spodoptera exigua oviposition and larval feeding preferences for pigweed, amaranthus hybridus, over squaring cotton, gossypium hirsutum, and a comparison of free amino acids in each host plant.	the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner), can utilize a number of different host plants for oviposition and larval development, but some host plants are preferred over others. this study, using cage choice tests and olfactometer assays, demonstrates the beet armyworm's preference for pigweed, amaranthus hybridus l., over cotton, gossypium hirsutum l. cage and olfactometer choice assays indicated that olfaction plays an important role in host selection by ovipositing females. first instars e ...	2001	11710608
effect of factory effluents on physiological and biochemical contents of gossypium hirsutum l.	the effect of sago and sugar factory effluents was studied on gossypium hirsutum l. var. mcu 5 and mcu 11. plants were irrigated with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of effluents of both factories. at lower concentration (25%) of sugar factory effluents had stimulatory effect on all biochemical contents observed. moreover, all concentration of sago factory effluents were found to have inhibitory effect on all biochemical contents except proline content which increased with increasing concentration of bot ...	2001	12018591
growth of cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum) as affected by water and sludge from a sewage treatment plant: ii. seed and fiber yield and heavy metal accumulation.		2001	11353376
growth of cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum) as affected by water and sludge from a sewage treatment plant: i. plant phenology and development.		2001	11353375
[higher lint percent and drought tolerant cotton line selected by radiation breeding].	the gossypium hirsutum cv. liaomian no. 9 were mutagenized by 60co gamma ray, from which the mutant line zhonghuzhi pi 935 (be called "pi 935" for short) was bred by family selection method. the pi 935 not only has some good traits (growing period, drought tolerance, lint color and fiber quality) similar to the original cultivar, but also has higher lint outturn and lint yield than that of the liaomian no. 9. the pi 935 has been identified and regional tested in nine places times for four years ...	2001	12549010
enhanced photochemical light utilization and decreased chilling-induced photoinhibition of photosystem ii in cotton overexpressing genes encoding chloroplast-targeted antioxidant enzymes.	the aim of this study was to determine whether increases in stromal superoxide dismutase (sod; ec 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (apx; ec 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (gr; ec 1.6.4.2) via transformation could reduce photosystem (ps) ii photoinhibition at low temperature for cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants and to determine by what mechanism this protection may be realized. during 3-h exposures of lincomycin-treated leaf discs to 10 degrees c and a photon flux density of 500 &mgr;mo ...	2001	12060276
response of acala cotton to nitrogen rates in the san joaquin valley of california.	the responses of acala cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) in california to a range of applied nitrogen (n) treatments were investigated in a 5-year, multisite experiment. the experiment's goals were to identify crop growth and yield responses to applied n and provide information to better assess the utility of soil residual n estimates in improving fertilizer management. baseline fertilizer application rates for the lowest applied n treatments were based on residual soil nitrate-n (no3-n) levels det ...	2001	12805823
heat stress induces the synthesis of a new form of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase in cotton leaves.	ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco; ec 4.1.1.39) activase mrna and protein synthesis were measured in the leaves of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants under control (28 degrees c) or heat-stress (41 degrees c) conditions. a decline in activase transcript abundance occurred rapidly during the photoperiod and was unaffected by heat stress. in response to high temperature, de novo protein synthesis rapidly shifted from mainly expression of rubisco large and small subunits t ...	2001	11762161
[genetic diversity detected by dna markers and phenotypes in upland cotton].	genetic diversity of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) cultivars was evaluated by ssr, issr, and rapd. the genomic dnas of 36 domestic and exotic cultivars were amplified with 81 ssr primer pairs; 7 issr primers and 53 rapd primers, which yielded 282 polymorphic bands. the range of pair similarity coefficient (nei, m. and w. li 1979) between cultivars is from 0.5745 to 0.9291. the result indicated that although the present cultivars have genetic variation to a certain extent, the genetic bas ...	2001	11725639
sucrose phosphate synthase activity rises in correlation with high-rate cellulose synthesis in three heterotrophic systems.	based on work with cotton fibers, a particulate form of sucrose (suc) synthase was proposed to support secondary wall cellulose synthesis by degrading suc to fructose and udp-glucose. the model proposed that udp-glucose was then channeled to cellulose synthase in the plasma membrane, and it implies that suc availability in cellulose sink cells would affect the rate of cellulose synthesis. therefore, if cellulose sink cells could synthesize suc and/or had the capacity to recycle the fructose rele ...	2001	11706202
cell growth: the power of symplastic isolation.	cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibers are single-celled seed coat hairs that elongate up to 2mm per day during a phase of rapid growth. recent evidence suggests this growth is orchestrated by a series of events which includes temporary closure of plasmodesmata.	2001	11516666
tests of six cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) mutants for association with aneuploids.	genetic mutants are useful tools for basic and applied research to elucidate the developmental and regulatory processes of the cotton plant (gossypium hirsutum l.). their value is enhanced with knowledge of their location in the genome. the results of aneuploid tests used to locate mutant loci on specific chromosomes in g. hirsutum l. are reported. thirty-four monosomes and telosomes, representing 18 of the 26 chromosomes, were used in combination with six mutants that were associated with nine ...	2002	12140273
tolerance and accumulation of shikimic acid in response to glyphosate applications in glyphosate-resistant and nonglyphosate-resistant cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).	measurement of shikimic acid accumulation in response to glyphosate inhibition of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase is a rapid and accurate assay to quantify glyphosate-induced damage in sensitive plants. two methods of assaying shikimic acid, a spectrophotometric and a high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method, were compared for their accuracy of recovering known amounts of shikimic acid spiked into plant samples. the hplc method recovered essentially 100% of shikimic acid ...	2002	11804521
analysis of genetic effects of major genes and polygenes on quantitative traits. ii. genetic models for seed traits of crops.	genetic models for quantitative seed traits with effects of several major genes and polygenes, as well as their ge interaction, were proposed. mixed linear model approaches were suggested for analyzing the genetic models. monte carlo simulations were conducted to evaluate unbiasedness and efficiency for estimating fixed effects and variance components of the embryo and the endosperm models, including effects of a major gene from an unbalanced modified diallel mating design with nine parents, res ...	2002	12582922
pcr-mediated recombination in amplification products derived from polyploid cotton.	pcr recombination describes a process of in vitro chimera formation from non-identical templates. the key requirement of this process is the inclusion of two partially homologous templates in one reaction, a condition met when amplifying any locus from polyploid organisms and members of multigene families from diploid organisms. because polyploids possess two or more divergent genomes ("homoeologues") in a common nucleus, intergenic chimeras can form during the pcr amplification of any gene. her ...	2002	12582722
rflp genetic linkage maps from four f(2.3) populations and a joinmap of gossypium hirsutum l.	an rflp genetic linkage joinmap was constructed from four different mapping populations of cotton ( gossypium hirsutum l.). genetic maps from two of the four populations have been previously reported. the third genetic map was constructed from 199 bulk-sampled plots of an f(2.3) (hq95-6x'md51ne') population. the map comprises 83 loci mapped to 24 linkage groups with an average distance between markers of 10.0 centimorgan (cm), covering 830.1 cm or approximately 18% of the genome. the fourth gene ...	2002	12582687
genetic relationships and discrimination of ten influential upland cotton varieties using rapd markers.	influential upland cotton ( gossypium hirsutum l.) varieties are those that have the higher genetic contributions to modern upland cultivars than other germplasms. our previous research has shown significant differences in general combining ability (gca) effects for yield, yield components, and fiber properties among ten influential cotton varieties. in this study, we used random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) data to evaluate dna variation of these ten varieties. of 86 random decamer primers ...	2002	12582535
quantification of the effects of management factors on maize (zea mays l.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) residues decomposition rate.	efforts to quantify management effects on decomposition rate of added substrates to the soil is important especially where such information is to be used for prediction in mathematical or simulation models. using data from a short-term (60 days) greenhouse simulation study, a procedure for quantifying effects of management on som and substrate decomposition is presented. using microbial growth rate u(q), microbial efficiency in substrate utilization e(q), specific decomposition rates for added p ...	2002	12046283
characterisation of six alpha-expansin genes in gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton).	a genomic library screen and pcr-based strategies were employed to isolate six genes with sequence similarity to a cotton fibre-specific mrna encoding an alpha-expansin. alpha-expansins are cell wall proteins that facilitate cell wall extension by disruption of non-covalent bonds between wall components. the characterisation and expression analysis of these six novel genes ( ghexp1-ghexp6) is described. four of them ( ghexp3- ghexp6) are expressed within multiple tissues of the cotton plant and ...	2002	12242493
n-acylethanolamines are metabolized by lipoxygenase and amidohydrolase in competing pathways during cottonseed imbibition.	saturated and unsaturated n-acylethanolamines (naes) occur in desiccated seeds primarily as 16c and 18c species with n-palmitoylethanolamine and n-linoleoylethanolamine (nae 18:2) being most abundant. here, we examined the metabolic fate of naes in vitro and in vivo in imbibed cotton (gossypium hirsutum) seeds. when synthetic [1-(14)c]n-palmitoylethanolamine was used as a substrate, free fatty acids (ffa) were produced by extracts of imbibed cottonseeds. when synthetic [1-(14)c]nae 18:2 was used ...	2002	12226518
(18)o spatial patterns of vein xylem water, leaf water, and dry matter in cotton leaves.	three leaf water models (two-pool model, péclet effect, and string-of-lakes) were assessed for their robustness in predicting leaf water enrichment and its spatial heterogeneity. this was achieved by studying the (18)o spatial patterns of vein xylem water, leaf water, and dry matter in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) leaves grown at different humidities using new experimental approaches. vein xylem water was collected from intact transpiring cotton leaves by pressurizing the roots in a pressure cham ...	2002	12376664
regulation of carbonic anhydrase gene expression in cotyledons of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seedlings during post-germinative growth.	recently, plastidial carbonic anhydrase (ca) cdna clones encoding functional carbonic anhydrase enzymes were isolated from a 48 h dark-grown cotton seedling (cotyledons) cdna library (hoang et al., plant cell physiol. 40: 1999). here we examined the levels of relative transcript abundance and enzyme activities in cotyledons at different developmental stages and under different environmental conditions (i.e. altering co2 and light conditions), during post-germinative seedling growth. relative ca ...	2002	12090621
[responses of agricultural crops of free-air co2 enrichment].	over the past decade, free-air co2 enrichment (face) experiments have been conducted on several agricultural crops: wheat(triticum aestivum l.), perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), and rice(oryza sativa l.) which are c3 grasses; sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) möench), a c4 grass; white clover (trifolium repens), a c3 legume; potato (solanum tuberosum l.), a c3 forb with tuber storage; and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and grape (vitis vinifera l.) which are c3 woody perennials. using reports fr ...	2002	12557686
[the cdna-aflp differential display in developing anthers between cotton male sterile and fertile line of "dong a"].	cdna-aflp, an effective method for mrna differential display, was employed to compare the gene expression in developing anthers between the male sterile and fertile plants of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) cultivar, dong a. in the micro-spore stage, there were more differential bands of cdna-aflp than that in the meio-phase stage. among 64 differential fragments produced by cdna-aflp, three were randomly selected for further analysis. rna dot blotting showed that the gha27 transcript was express ...	2002	11985272
effects of water deficit stress, shade, weed competition, and kaolin particle film on selected foliar free amino acid accumulations in cotton, gossypium hirsutum (l.).	leaves of cotton plants, gossypium hirsutum l., stressed by water deficit, reduced daylight, and weed competition, or treated with a kaolin wettable powder formulation were analyzed for levels of 17 free amino acids (faas) using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. water deficit stress resulted in heightened free proline levels (49.9-fold, p < 0.001) that were correlated with diffusive resistance (seconds per centimeter). five other faas increased, and the amounts of total free ...	2002	11944838
soybean looper (lepidoptera: noctuidae) oviposition on cotton and soybean of different growth stages: influence of olfactory stimuli.	soybean looper, pseudoplusia includens (walker), oviposition in cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., and soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., of various stages of plant phenological development was evaluated in field cages in 1994, 1995, and 1996. overall, females preferred to oviposit on soybean over cotton when both crops were compared in vegetative or prebloom stages, when both crops were blooming, and when soybean was blooming or in early pod stage compared with prebloom cotton. females preferred to d ...	2002	12020002
bemisia tabaci (homoptera: aleyrodidae) biotype b colonization on okra- and normal-leaf upland cotton strains and cultivars.	we compared smooth-leaf okra- and normal-leaf upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) strains and cultivars for susceptibility to colonization by bemisia tabaci (gennadius) biotype b. experiments were conducted at seven field sites, five at holtville, ca, and two at maricopa, az, during 1996-2000. okra-leaf strains and cultivars, as a group, had lower numbers of adults, eggs, and nymphs compared with normal-leaf strains and cultivars indicating the potential of okra-leaf genetic traits for reducin ...	2002	12216814
[cloning and characterization of a lrr resistance like (ghlrr-rl) protein gene from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.)].	lrr (leucine rich repeat) proteins are involved in various biological processes. race was used to extend the 5' and 3' unknown sequence of a cdna-aflp fragment from cotton ovule, which had sequence similarity to the arabidopsis thaliana lrr resistance-like (lrr-rl) protein. by joining the sequence of cdna-aflp fragment and its 3' and 5' race product, it was found that the full-length cdna (genbank accession no. ay040532) of 1259 bp contained an orf of 987 bp and a putative poly(a) signal. the de ...	2002	12143317
molecular linkage map of allotetraploid cotton ( gossypium hirsutum l. x gossypium barbadense l.) with a haploid population.	in the present study, a haploid population from the cross of the two cultivated allotetraploid cottons, gossypium hirsutum l. and gossypium barbadense l., was developed by means of vsg, a virescently marked semigamous line of sea island cotton, and some target haploids were successfully doubled with colchicine. a molecular linkage map was constructed with 58 doubled and haploid plants. among the total of 624 marker loci (510 ssrs and 114 rapds), 489 loci were assembled into 43 linkage groups and ...	2002	12582895
high-stearic and high-oleic cottonseed oils produced by hairpin rna-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing.	we have genetically modified the fatty acid composition of cottonseed oil using the recently developed technique of hairpin rna-mediated gene silencing to down-regulate the seed expression of two key fatty acid desaturase genes, ghsad-1-encoding stearoyl-acyl-carrier protein delta 9-desaturase and ghfad2-1-encoding oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine omega 6-desaturase. hairpin rna-encoding gene constructs (hp) targeted against either ghsad-1 or ghfad2-1 were transformed into cotton (gossypium hirsutum c ...	2002	12177486
molecular characterization of the cotton ghtub1 gene that is preferentially expressed in fiber.	each fiber of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) is a single epidermal cell that rapidly elongates to 2.5 to 3.0 cm from the ovule surface within about 16 d after anthesis. a large number of genes are required for fiber differentiation and development, but so far, little is known about how these genes control and regulate the process of fiber development. to investigate gene expression patterns in fiber, a cdna, ghtub1, encoding beta-tubulin was isolated from a cotton fiber cdna library. the analyses o ...	2002	12376634
effects of site-specific application of aldicarb on cotton in a meloidogyne incognita-infested field.	cotton farmers in missouri commonly apply a single rate of aldicarb throughout the field at planting to protect their crop from meloidogyne incognita, even though these nematodes are spatially aggregated. our purpose was to determine the effect of site-specific application of aldicarb on cotton production in a field infested with these nematodes in 1997 and 1998. cotton yields were collected from sites not treated with aldicarb (control), sites receiving aldicarb at the standard recommended rate ...	2002	19265917
resistance of aphis gossypii (homoptera: aphididae) to fenvalerate and imidacloprid and activities of detoxification enzymes on cotton and cucumber.	resistance of two strains of cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, to fenvalerate and imidacloprid were determined on cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and cucumber (cucumis sativa l.) after resistance selection of one strain to fenvalerate for 16 consecutive generations, and of a second strain to imidacloprid for 12 consecutive generations on cotton in greenhouses. dose-response and activities of detoxication enzymes of the fenvalerate-resistant strain (r-fenvalerate), the imidacloprid-resistant st ...	2002	12020021
plant allocation to defensive compounds: interactions between elevated co(2) and nitrogen in transgenic cotton plants.	plant allocation to defensive compounds in response to growth in elevated atmospheric co(2) in combination with two levels of nitrogen was examined. the aim was to discover if allocation patterns of transgenic plants containing genes for defensive chemicals which had not evolved in the species would respond as predicted by the carbon nutrient balance (cnb) hypothesis. cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum l.) were sown inside 12 environmental chambers. six of them were maintained at an elevated co(2 ...	2002	11807136