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incorporation of [c]glucose into cell wall polysaccharides of cotton roots: effects of nacl and cacl(2).cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv acala sj-2) seedlings were grown in nutrient solutions with four combinations of nacl (0.1 and 150 millimolar) and cacl(2) (1 and 10 millimolar) for 7 days, and then exposed to [(14)c]glucose for 5 hours. uptake and incorporation of [(14)c]glucose into various cell wall fractions of the root tips were determined. at 1 millimolar ca(2+), treatment with 150 millimolar nacl slightly stimulated uptake but considerably inhibited glucose incorporation into noncellulosi ...198816666336
plant regeneration from somatic embryogenic suspension cultures of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).maintainable, highly embryogenic suspension cultures of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. 'coker 310') have been obtained. callus cultures were initiated from cotyledonary tissues from aseptically-germinated seedlings. to establish the suspension cultures, callus tissue was placed in a liquid medium containing either 0.5 mg/l picloram or 0.1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. for proliferation of the embryogenic suspension, 5 mg/l of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was used. embryo development ...198824240254
chronology of the differentiation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber cells.cotton fibers are single elongated cells that develop from epidermal cells of the ovule. the chronology of fiber differentiation was investigated using cultured ovules. epidermal cells differentiate into fiber cells approx. 3 d before anthesis. when ovules were cultured on a defined medium, fiber growth could be initiated on ovules any time between 2 d preanthesis and the time of anthesis by adding indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid to the medium. in the absence of phytohormones, fibers d ...198824221720
changes in abscisic acid and indoleacetic acid before and after anthesis relative to changes in abscission rates of cotton fruiting forms.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fruiting forms exhibit pronounced changes, with age, in their probability of abscission. large floral buds rarely abscise, but after anthesis the young fruits (bolls) have a high probability of abscising. abscission rate reaches a peak about 5 to 6 days after anthesis and then gradually decreases. an experiment was conducted to try to determine the reason for the rapid and pronounced increase in probability of abscission just after anthesis. cotton was grown in the ...198816666197
gradients of intercellular co(2) levels across the leaf mesophyll.most current photosynthesis models, and interpretations of many wholeleaf co(2) gas exchange measurements, are based on the often unstated assumption that the partial pressure of co(2) is nearly uniform throughout the airspaces of the leaf mesophyll. here we present measurements of co(2) gradients across amphistomatous leaves allowed to assimilate co(2) through only one surface, thus simulating hypostomatous leaves. we studied five species: eucalyptus pauciflora sieb. ex spreng., brassica chinen ...198816666027
response of leaf ontogeny and photosynthetic activity to reproductive growth in cotton.this study was conducted to determine if reproductive growth in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) affects concurrent leaf development. apparent photosynthesis (ap), stomatal conductance (cs), soluble protein (sp), ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco), and chlorophyll (chl) were monitored in four main-stem cotton leaves which emerged at approximately 2 week intervals. the leaf which emerged during vegetative growth (48 days after planting) had higher ap, sp, and rubisco levels than that prese ...198816666118
modeling the impact of ozone x drought interactions on regional crop yields.the influence of soil moisture stress on crop sensitivity to o3 was evaluated for corn (zea mays l.), cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), soybean (glycine max l. merr.), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in the united states. this assessment was accomplished by using yield forecasting models to estimate the influence of soil moisture deficits on regional yield and a previously developed model to predict moisture stress x o3 interactions. reduced crop sensitivity to o3 was predicted for those re ...198815092561
studies on the sites expressing evolutionary changes in the structure of eukaryotic 5s ribosomal rna.we have determined the complete sequences of 5s rrnas from a lamprey (lampetra reissneri), a lancelet (branchiostoma belcheri), silkworms (philosamia cynthia ricini, bombyx mori, antheraea pernyi), and a silkworm hybrid (artificially fertilized hybrid species of philosamia cynthia ricini male x bombyx mori female), as well as those of cotton seeds (gossypium hirsutum l.). having compared more than 170 eukaryotic 5s rrnas of which seven sequences have been determined by our group as mentioned abo ...19883146644
isoosmotic regulation of cotton and peanut at saline concentrations of k and na.peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum) plants were grown for 4 weeks in saline, isoosmotic rooting substrates with different proportions of k and na. isoosmotic media did not affect growth (except at the highest external k concentrations) or estimates of intracellular osmotic pressure in expanding leaves (i.e. osmotic pressure of leaf sap and intracellular osmotic pressure as calculated from pressure-volume curves). in expanded leaves, an increase in the proportion of exter ...198816666244
response of cotton to infection by hoplolaimus columbus.three field experiments were established in 1987 to determine the reaction of five cotton cultivars to infection by hoplolaimus columbus and the efficacy of selected nematicides against this nematode. at two sites in calhoun county, south carolina, early season plant growth and subsequent yields were greater in plots treated with aldicarb, fenamiphos, and 1,3-dichloropropene. hoplolaimus columbus suppressed yields approximately 10% at site 1 and 25% at site 2; however, greater yield suppression ...198819290310
potential of crops uncommon to alabama for management of root-knot and soybean cyst nematodes.vigna unguiculata, cassia fasiculata, and sesamum indicum did not support meloidogyne arenaria, m. incognita, or heterodera glycines race 4 in greenhouse studies with soils from peanut and soybean fields. fagopyron eseulentum, cyamopsis tetragonoloba, and cucurbita pepo were hosts to the two meloidogyne spp. but were nonhosts to h. glycines. meloidogyne arenaria and m. incognita galled but reproduced poorly in the roots of three types of amaranthus cruentus, and low densities of these two meloid ...198819290317
characteristics of five new photoautotrophic suspension cultures including two amaranthus species and a cotton strain growing on ambient co(2) levels.suspension cultures of cotton (gossypium hirsutum), amaranthus cruentus, a. powellii, datura innoxia, and a nicotiana tabacum-n. glutinosa fusion hybrid were adapted to grow photoautotrophically under continuous light. the cotton strain grew with an atmosphere of ambient co(2) (about 0.06 to 0.07% in the culture room) while the other strains required elevated co(2) levels (5%). photoautotrophy was indicated by the requirement for co(2) and for light for growth. the strains grew with doubling tim ...198816666458
purification and biosynthesis of cottonseed (gossypium hirsutum l.) catalase.as part of our research on peroxisome biogenesis, catalase was purified from cotyledons of dark-grown cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seedlings and monospecific antibodies were raised in rabbits. purified catalase appeared as three distinct electrophoretic forms in non-denaturing gels and as a single protein band (with a subunit mr of 57,000) on silver-stained sds/polyacrylamide gels. western blots of crude extracts and isolated peroxisomes from cotton revealed one immunoreactive polypeptide with ...19883134010
effects of ddt on the growth of crop plants.the effects of ddt on the germination and growth of plants were studied using many crop species. of the species tested, oil-rich seeds of plants, such as peanut (arachis hypogaea) and mustard (brassica juncea), were more prone to ddt induced inhibition of germination and subsequent plant growth than cereals, pulses and fibre crops, like rice (oryza sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), mung bean vigna radiata), pigeon pea (cajanus cajan) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum). studies with (14)c labelled ...198915092369
phytoparasitic nematode surveys of arkansas cotton fields, 1986-1988.surveys from 1986 to 1988 identified 22 phytoparasitic nematode species in arkansas cotton fields. meloidogyne spp. was found in ca. 15% of the fields sampled. of these samples ca. 33% were found to have a population density of 106/100 cm(3) of soil or more. rotylenchulus reniformis was found in high numbers (5,000 +/100 cm(3) of soil) in 1% of the fields sampled in 1988. heterodera glycines was found in ca. 22% of the samples, presumably because of past cropping to soybean. other common species ...198919287659
progression of root-knot nematode symptoms and infection on resistant and susceptible cottons.progressive development in cotton root morphology of resistant a623 and susceptible m-8 cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) lines following infection by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita was studied in glass front boxes. symptom development and radicle growth were observed; degree of galling, gall and egg mass diameter, and number of eggs per egg mass were recorded; and root segments were examined histologically. small cracks caused by m. incognita appeared in the root epidermis and cortex ...198919287602
crops uncommon to alabama for the management of meloidogyne arenaria in peanut.in a 1987 field study juveniles of meloidogyne arenaria assayed at the time of peanut harvest were almost undetectable in plots planted with american jointvetch (aeschynomene americana), castor bean (ricinus communis), partridge pea (cassia fasiculata), sesame (sesamum indicum), and cotton (gossypium hirsutum), whereas plots with peanut (arachis hypogaea) averaged 120 juveniles/100 cm(3) soil. application of aldicarb in peanut resulted in an average of 27 juveniles/100 cm(3) soil. in 1988 all pl ...198919287678
influence of environmental factors on the hatch and survival of meloidogyne incognita.the influence of soil temperature and moisture on meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood was examined in relation to hatching and survival of second-stage juveniles (j2). nematodes were cultured on cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. acala sj2) under field conditions to provide populations similar to those found in the field in late autumn. egg masses were placed in a temperature range (9-12 c and 21 c), and hatch was measured over a period equivalent to 20 degree days > 10 c (dd10). ha ...198919287616
photosynthetic carbon metabolism in photoautotrophic cell suspension cultures grown at low and high co(2).photosynthetic carbon metabolism was characterized in four photoautotrophic cell suspension cultures. there was no apparent difference between two soybean (glycine max) and one cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cell line which required 5% co(2) for growth, and a unique cotton cell line that grows at ambient co(2) (660 microliters per liter). photosynthetic characteristics in all four lines were more like c(3) mesophyll leaf cells than the cell suspension cultures previously studied. the pattern of (14 ...198916667210
temporal and spatial variation in palatability of soybean and cotton leaves following wounding.leaves of soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) were mechanically damaged with a single hole and offered to spodoptera littoralis boisd (lep., noctuidae) larvae in laboratory bioassays at intervals of between 0 and 7 days from damage. the subsequent within-leaf grazing patterns of damaged and undamaged areas were compared using an image-analysing computer, and estimations were made by eye of percentage, areas grazed at three spatial scales. reduction in palatability ...198928313487
maternal effects and generation mean analysis of seed-oil content in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).the nature of gene action and of maternal influence governing cottonseed oil attributes were determined with four lines, two each with high and low seed-oil percentage. for this purpose, p1, p2, f0, f1, f2 and alternative sets of bc1 and bc2 generations were analysed in six cross-combinations and their reciprocals. marginal extents of heterosis for seed-oil percentage were noticeable in f1, with inbreeding depression in f2. data from reciprocal backcrosses provided evidence in favour of maternal ...198924232726
light-induced spectral absorbance changes in relation to photosynthesis and the epoxidation state of xanthophyll cycle components in cotton leaves.when cotton (gossypium hirsutum l., cv acaia sjc-1) leaves kept in weak light were suddenly exposed to strong red actinic light a spectral absorbance change took place having the following prominent characteristics. (a) it was irreversible within the first four minute period after darkening. (b) the difference in leaf absorbance between illuminated and predarkened leaves had a major peak at 505 nanometers, a minor peak at 465 nanometers, a shoulder around 515 nanometers, and minor troughs at 455 ...198916667067
alloplasmic male sterility in ad allotetraploid gossypium hirsutum upon replacement of its resident a cytoplasm with that of d species g. harknessii.alloplasmic male sterile (cms) and restoration-of-fertility (rf) lines of the ad allotetraploid gossypium hirsutum were earlier derived from the presumed introgression of the cytoplasm of the d species g. harknessii. to confirm that this happened and address its significance, cytoplasms of the maternal progenitor, backcross intermediates, derived breeding lines, related a, d, and f species, and a synthetic ad tetraploid were examined by agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 140 restr ...198924227025
relationship between efficiency of photosynthetic energy conversion and chlorophyll fluorescence quenching in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).the relationship between components of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence yield (qnp) and dissipation of excessive excitation energy was determined in cotton leaves using concurrent measurements of fluorescence and gas-exchange at 2% and 20% o2 under a range of photon flux densities and co2 pressures. a nearly stoichiometric relationship was obtained between dissipation of energy not used in photosynthetic co2 fixation or photorespiration and qnp provided that a component, p ...198924212903
heat shock protein expression in thermotolerant and thermosensitive lines of cotton.the expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) was compared between genetically characterized heat tolerant and heat sensitive lines of cotton (gossypium hirsutum andg. barbadense) using electrophoretic analysis ofin vivo labelled proteins. no differences were observed between the two lines with regard to: the temperature at which hsp synthesis was induced (37°c); the temperature at which hsp synthesis was maximal (45°c); the rates of recovery from hsp synthesis; the duration of hsp synthesis; or ...198924232592
polysaccharides in the culture medium of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) ovules cultured in vitro.polysaccharides secreted into the culture medium (pcm) from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) ovules, culturedin vitro, have been examined. the amount of the polysaccharides increases with the duration of the culture, but except for the galactose content, does not vary markedly with the culture age. analysis shows that the polysaccharide mixture contains mainly pectins, but there is also a significant amount of xyloglucan. the source of the polysaccharides is most likely the callus tissue which dev ...198924232589
changes in amide-linked and ester indole-3-acetic acid in cotton fruiting forms during their development.the concentration of free indoleacetic acid (iaa) is high in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fruiting forms before anthesis, but is low at and for a few days after anthesis. amide-linked and ester iaa were measured in fruiting forms at 9, 6, and 3 days before anthesis; at anthesis; and at 2, 4, 7, and 9 days after anthesis to determine if free iaa decreased because it was converted to a conjugated form. that did not appear to be the case. while the major decrease in free iaa occurred during the 6 ...198916666645
electroantennogram responses ofcampoletis sonorensis (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae) to chemicals in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).combined gas chromatography-electroantennogram (gc-eag) recording ofcampoletis sonorensis (cameron) responses to cotton plant volatile chemicals was performed.c. sonorensis antennal olfactory receptors respond differentially to green leaf, mono-, and sesquiterpene chemicals that have been identified previously in cotton. eag depolarizations to green leaf chemicals were greater than to terpenes.198924271425
relationship between cottonseed malate synthase aggregation behavior and suborganellar location in glyoxysomes and endoplasmic reticulum.malate synthase (ec 4.1.3.2) (ms), an enzyme unique to the glyoxylate cycle, was studied in cotyledons of dark-grown cotton (gossypium hirsutum, l.) seedlings. ms has generally been regarded as a peripheral membrane protein in glyoxysomes and believed by some to be synthesized on rough er. immunocyto-chemical localization of ms in both in situ and isolated cottonseed glyoxysomes, however, showed that ms was located throughout the matrix of glyoxysomes, not specifically associated with their memb ...198916666538
water transport properties of cortical cells in roots of nitrogen- and phosphorus-deficient cotton seedlings.growth-limiting deficiencies of n or p substantially decrease the hydraulic conductance of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) roots. this shift could result from decreased hydraulic conductivity of cells in the radial flow pathway. a pressure microprobe was used to study water relations of cortical cells in roots of cotton seedlings stressed for n or p. during 10 days of seedling growth on a complete nutrient solution, root cell turgor was stable at 0.4 to 0.5 megapascal, the volumetric elastic modu ...198916666523
in situ hybridization of biotinylated dna probes to cotton meiotic chromosomes.a modified procedure for in situ hybridization of biotinylated probes to meiotic chromosomes of cotton has been developed with high retention of squashed cells on slides, preservation of acid-fixed chromosome morphology, exceptionally low levels of background precipitate at nonspecific hybridization sites and improved photomicrographic recording. salient features of the techniques include pretreatment of slides before squashing, cold storage of squash preparations, and use of interference filter ...19892741183
multiattribute evaluation of regional cotton variety trials.the australian cotton cultivar trials (acct) are designed to investigate various cotton [gossypium hirsutum (l.)] lines in several locations in new south wales and queensland each year. if these lines are to be assessed by the simultaneous use of yield and lint quality data, then a multivariate technique applicable to three-way data is desirable. two such techniques, the mixture maximum likelihood method of clustering and three-mode principal component analysis, are described and used to analyze ...199024226223
nucleotide sequence of the chloroplast rbcl gene from cotton gossypium hirsutum. 19902308826
[molecular characteristics of the chalcone synthetase gene family in the tetraploid variety of gossypium hirsutum 108 f]. 19902152190
na/h and k/h antiport in root membrane vesicles isolated from the halophyte atriplex and the glycophyte cotton.proton fluxes have been followed into and out of membrane vesicles isolated from the roots of the halophyte atriplex nummularia and the glycophyte gossypium hirsutum, with the aid of the deltaph probe [(14)c]methylamine. evidence is presented for the operation of na(+)/h(+) and k(+)/h(+) antiporters in the membranes of both plants. cation supply after a ph gradient has been set up across the vesicle membrane (either as a result of providing atp to the h(+)-atpase or by imposing an artificial ph ...199016667918
does water deficit stress promote ethylene synthesis by intact plants?the effect of plant water deficit on ethylene production by intact plants was tested in three species, beans (phaseolus vulgaris l.), cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and miniature rose (rosa hybrida l., cv bluesette). compressed air was passed through glass, plant-containing cuvettes, ethylene collected on chilled columns, and subsequently assayed by gas chromatography. the usual result was that low water potential did not promote ethylene production. when plants were subjected to cessation of ir ...199016667895
relationships between circadian rhythm of chilling resistance and acclimation to chilling in cotton seedlings.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. deltapine 50) seedlings grown under light-dark cycles of 12:12h at 35°c showed rhythmic daily changes in chilling resistance. chilling treatment (5°c, 48h) started at the beginning or middle of the daily light period resulted in a substantial growth inhibition of the seedlings upon return to 35°c whereas when chilling was started at the beginning or middle of the dark period the subsequent growth of the seedlings was much less inhibited. this rhythm in chilling ...199024197198
photosynthetic and respiratory activity of fruiting forms within the cotton canopy.the supply of photosynthates by leaves for reproductive development in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) has been extensively studied. however, the contribution of assimilates derived from the fruiting forms themselves is inconclusive. field experiments were conducted to document the photosynthetic and respiratory activity of cotton leaves, bracts, and capsule walls from anthesis to fruit maturity. bracts achieved peak photosynthetic rates of 2.1 micromoles per square meter per second compared with ...199016667734
inhibition of cottonseed choline- and ethanolaminephosphotransferases by calcium during postgerminative growth.activities of choline- and ethanolaminephosphotransferase (cpt and ept) were reproducibly high in microsomes from imbibed seeds of cotton (gossypium hirsutum, l.). initial studies showed that both activities dramatically declined during postgerminative growth when demand for phosphatidylcholine (pc) and phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) synthesis was high. addition of cacl(2) (0.1 millimolar) or aliquots of supernatant fractions (150,000g, 60 minutes) from cotyledons of 48-hour-old seedlings to imbi ...199016667651
influence of water deficits on the abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid contents of cotton flower buds and flowers.a field experiment was conducted during the summer of 1988 to test the hypothesis that water deficit affects the abscisic acid (aba) and indole acetic acid (iaa) concentrations in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) flower buds in ways that predispose young fruits (bolls) that subsequently develop from them to increased abscission rates. water deficit had little effect on the aba content of flower buds but increased the aba content of flowers as much as 66%. water deficit decreased the concentrations ...199016667566
two temporally synthesized charge subunits interact to form the five isoforms of cottonseed (gossypium hirsutum) catalase.five charge isoforms of tetrameric catalase were isolated from cotyledons of germinated cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seedlings. denaturing isoelectric focusing of the individual isoforms in polyacrylamide gels indicated that isoforms a (most anodic) and e (most cathodic) consisted of one subunit of different charge, whereas isoforms b, c and d each consisted of a mixture of these two subunits. thus the five isoforms apparently were formed through combinations of two subunits in different ratio ...19901695843
devil's-claw (proboscidea louisianica), essential oil and its components : potential allelochemical agents on cotton and wheat.the potential allelopathic activity of devil's-claw [proboscidea louisianica (mill.) thellung] essential oil and a few of the compounds it contains on the elongation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) radicles was studied using a petri dish bioassay. essential oil was collected by steam distillation using an all-glass-teflon assembly. ether extracts of the steam distillates from fresh devil's-claw were inhibitory to cotton and wheat radicle elongation. the followi ...199024263996
volatile seed germination inhibitors from plant residues.volatile emissions from residues of the winter cover legumes, berseem clover (trifolium alexandrinum l.), hairy vetch [vicia hirsuta (l.) s.f. gray], and crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum l.), inhibited germination and seedling development of onion, carrot, and tomato. using gc-ms, 31 c2-c10 hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, furans, and monoterpenes were identified in these residue emission mixtures. mixtures of similar compounds were found in the volatiles released by herbi ...199024263582
transformation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) via particle bombardment.embryogenic suspension cultures of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) were subjected to particle bombardment, where high density particles carrying plasmid dna were accelerated towards the embryogenic plant cells. the plasmid dna coating the particles encoded hygromycin resistance. one to two weeks following bombardment, embryogenic cotton cells were placed in proliferation medium containing 100 μg/ml hygromycin. clumps of tissue which grew in the presence of hygromycin were subcultured at low densi ...199024232677
responses of transpiration and hydraulic conductance to root temperature in nitrogen- and phosphorus-deficient cotton seedlings.suboptimal n or p availability and cool temperatures all decrease apparent hydraulic conductance (l) of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) roots. the interaction between nutrient status and root temperature was tested in seedlings grown in nutrient solutions. the depression of l (calculated as the ratio of transpiration rate to absolute value of leaf water potential [psi(w)]) by nutrient stress depended strongly on root temperature, and was minimized at high temperatures. in fully nourished plants, ...199016667360
photosynthesis of individual field-grown cotton leaves during ontogeny.photosynthetic characteristics of field-grown cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) leaves were determined at several insertion levels within the canopy during the growing season. single-leaf measurements of net photosynthesis (pn), stomatal conductance to co2 (gs·co2), substomatal co2, leaf area expansion, leaf nitrogen, and light intensity (ppfd) were recorded for undisturbed leaves within the crop canopy at 3-4 day intervals during the development of all leaves at main-stem nodes 8, 10, and 12. patt ...199024421058
effects of diuron and fluometuron metabolites on the growth and fiber quality of cotton (gossypium hirsutum). 19902322667
nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast psba and trnh genes from cotton gossypium hirsutum. 19902408006
site of clomazone action in tolerant-soybean and susceptible-cotton photomixotrophic cell suspension cultures.studies were conducted to determine the herbicidal site of clomazone action in tolerant-soybean (glycine max [l.] merr. cv corsoy) (sb-m) and susceptible-cotton (gossypium hirsutum [l.] cv stoneville 825) (cot-m) photomixotrophic cell suspension cultures. although a 10 micromolar clomazone treatment did not significantly reduce the terpene or mixed terpenoid content (microgram per gram fresh weight) of the sb-m cell line, there was over a 70% reduction in the chlorophyll (chl), carotenoid (car), ...199016667768
a novel metabolic form of the 32 kda-d1 protein in the grana-localized reaction center of photosystem ii.two forms of the 32 kda-d1 reaction center protein of photosystem ii (psii), having slightly different mobilities on denaturing polyacrylamide gels, have been resolved in spirodela oligorrhiza, glycine max l., gossypium hirsutum l., triticum aestivum l., and zea mays l. the protein band with faster mobility is identified as the 32 kda-d1 protein, and the less mobile band as a novel form, designated 32*. the two forms are structurally similar based on immunological and partial proteolytic tests. ...19902203777
ovipositional response of threeheliothis species (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to allelochemicals from cultivated and wild host plants.the role of plant allelochemicals on the oviposition behavior ofheliothis virescens (f.),h. subflexa (guenee), andh. zea (boddie) was investigated in the laboratory using a "choice" bioassay system. fresh young leaves of tobacco,desmodium tortuosum (swartz) de candolle, groundcherry (physalis angulata l.), and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) squares (flower buds) were washed in methylene chloride or methanol, concentrated to 1 g equivalent of washed material, and applied to a cloth oviposition su ...199024263986
variation among species in the temperature dependence of the reappearance of variable fluorescence following illumination.the relationship between the thermal dependence of the reappearance of chlorophyll variable fluorescence following illumination and temperature dependence of the apparent michaelis constant (k(m)) of nadh hydroxypyruvate reductase for nadh was investigated in cool and warm season plant species. brancker sf-20 and sf-30 fluorometers were used to evaluate induced fluorescence transients from detached leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv tam-101), cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv paymaster 145) ...199016667518
a vapor pressure deficit effect on crop canopy photosynthesis.canopy co2-exchange rates (cer), air temperatures, and dew points were measured throughout ten days during the 1987 growing season for cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), grain sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l) moench], and five soybean [glycine max (l) merr.] cultivars, and throughout seven days in 1988, on maize (zea maize l.). the objective was to determine if the decline in cer per unit light during the afternoon is associated with a vapor pressure deficit (vpd) increase. some of the soybean and maiz ...199024419762
uptake and metabolism of clomazone in tolerant-soybean and susceptible-cotton photomixotrophic cell suspension cultures.studies were conducted to determine the uptake and metabolism of the pigment synthesis inhibiting herbicide clomazone in tolerant-soybean (glycine max [l.] merr. cv corsoy) and susceptible-cotton (gossypium hirsutum [l.] cv stoneville 825) photomixotrophic cell suspensions. soybean and cotton on a whole plant level are tolerant and susceptible to clomazone, respectively. preliminary studies indicated that i(50) values for growth, chlorophyll (chl), beta-carotene, and lutein were, respectively, > ...199016667349
quantitative analysis of resistance in cotton to three new isolates of the bacterial blight pathogen.genetic variability for virulence of the bacterial blight pathogen [xanthomonas campestris pv malvacearum (smith) dye] on cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) has been shown by the identification of 19 races of the pathogen based on disease reactions of a set of ten host differentials. this study was conducted to determine the inheritance of host resistance to three recently identified isolates of x. campestris pv malvacearum, which are virulent on the entire set of differentials. true leaves of tamco ...199024226445
response of rotylenchulus reniformis to nematicide applications on cotton.field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of five nematicides for the management of rotylenchulus reniformis and for their effects on growth, development, and yield of cotton. treatments included 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d), fenamiphos, phorate, terbufos, aldicarb, and 1,3-d + aldicarb. average r. reniformis population densities across all treatments increased from 5,284 at 10 days after planting to a final density at harvest of 15,622 nematodes/500 cm(3) soil. the 1,3-d + aldica ...199019287784
efficacy of fumigant nematicides to control hoplolaimus columbus on cotton.four rates of methyl bromide (mbr) (16.8, 33.6, 67,2, and 134.4 kg a.i./ha) and one rate of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) (28.1 liters a.i./ha) were evaluated over 2 years for control of hoplolaimus columbus on cotton. all nematicide treatments were applied through a tarpless subsoiler-bedder prior to planting cotton, gossypium hirsutum cv. dehapine 90. nematode population densities were monitored before and after treatment, at midseason, and at harvest, and yields were measured at maturity. soil ...199019287786
chemical control of hoplolaimus columbus on cotton and soybean.seven experiments, three on soybean and four on cotton, were conducted in hoplolaimus columbus-infested soil in southern north carolina to determine the benefits of chemical soil treatment. locations were selected to give a range of initial population (pi) densities. soil fumigation with 1,3-d and soil treatment with a combination of aldicarb plus fenamiphos (1.1 kg a.i./ha) each provided good control of this nematode. yield responses considered to be significant were achieved only on the high p ...199019287781
cottonseed extract versus pharmamedia for the in vitro mould-yeast conversion of blastomyces dermatitidis.a cottonseed medium, based on a 1% aqueous extract of seeds of any of the eight indigenously available varieties of cotton belonging to gossypium hirsutum or gossypium arboreum, was evaluated for the mould-yeast conversion of blastomyces dermatitidis in vitro, and compared with pharmamedia agar as a control. the cottonseed agar was found to be as efficient as pharmamedia agar for the mould-yeast conversion of the 19 b. dermatitidis strains tested. therefore, cottonseeds provide an adequate and i ...19902380881
characterization of a cdna clone encoding the complete amino acid sequence of cotton isocitrate lyase.a cdna clone encoding the glyoxysomal enzyme isocitrate lyase (icl) (ec 4.1.3.1) was isolated from a library prepared from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) cotyledon poly(a)+ rna. the clone is 1893 basepairs (bp) in length and contains a 1728 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 576 residues (mr = 64,741). the deduced amino acid sequence of cotton icl is 85.2%, 90.3% and 41.1% identical to icl from rapeseed, castor bean and e. coli, respectively. cotton icl has a c-terminal tripeptide o ...19902194576
the degree of susceptibility of nectary-inoculated cotton flowers and bolls to subsequent seed infection by aspergillus flavus is determined at or before anthesis.in greenhouse and field studies, cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) flowers were inoculated with aspergillus flavus at the involucral nectaries. bolls developing from early-season flowers had significantly higher percentages of a. flavus-infected seed than did bolls from flowers formed later in the season. seeds from bolls inoculated 2 weeks after anthesis had the same infection levels as those from flowers inoculated at anthesis. these results indicate that early-season flowers are predisposed to a ...19902119569
development and regulation of three glyoxysomal enzymes during cotton seed maturation and growth.the temporal, nonconcerted development of activities of malate synthase (ms), isocitrate lyase (icl), and catalase (cat) was explored in more detail in maturing and germinated cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seeds. rna was extracted at six intervals beginning at 17 days post anthesis (dpa) through 72 hours post imbibition (hpi). in vitro translations revealed that mrnas for each enzyme were translatable at all intervals. enzyme activities and immunoselected proteins also were found at all interva ...19901714313
properties of mutant acetolactate synthases resistant to triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide.triazolopyrimidine sulfanilides are a class of highly active herbicides whose primary target is acetolactate synthase. spontaneous mutants of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) (ks-43) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum) (ps-3 and do-2) resistant to triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide were selected in tissue culture. acetolactate synthase partially purified from the three mutants were 80- to 1000-fold less sensitive to inhibition by the compound compared with the corresponding wild-type enzyme. the mutants al ...199016667692
photosynthetic characterization of photoautotrophic cells cultured in a minimal medium.photosynthetic properties of photoautotrophic suspensions cultured in a minimal growth medium have been evaluated to determine whether changes have occurred in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activity, phosphoenol-pyruvate (pep) carboxylase activity, chlorophyll content, or culture growth. five photoautotrophic lines amaranthus powellii, datura innoxia, glycine max, gossypium hirsutum, and a nicotiana tabacum-nicotiana glutinosa fusion hybrid were grown in a medium with ...199016667897
purification and characterization of isoperoxidases elicited by aspergillus flavus in cotton ovule cultures.two anionic isoperoxidases were isolated from media of aspergillus flavus-inoculated cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) ovule cultures and purified about 150-fold to apparent homogeneity by treatment with cell debris remover and ion exchange chromatography on accell qma medium. these isoperoxidases were present in noninoculated cotton ovule cultures at low levels. the major activity peak (b) represented 90% of the recovered peroxidase activity and was electrophoretically homogeneous. the minor activ ...199116667941
acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides bind to the regulatory site.acetolactate synthase from spontaneous mutants of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum; ks-43 and sk-53) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum; ps-3, psh-91, and do-2) selected in tissue culture for resistance to a triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide showed varying degrees of insensitivity to feedback inhibitor(s) valine and/or leucine. a similar feature was evident in the enzyme isolated from chlorsulfuron-resistant weed biotypes, kochia scoparia and stellaria media. dual inhibition analyses of triazolopyrimidine ...199116668171
maximizing the potential of cropping systems for nematode management.quantitative techniques were used to analyze and determine optimal potential profitability of 3-year rotations of cotton, gossypium hirsutum cv. coker 315, and soybean, glycine max cv. centennial, with increasing population densities of hoplolaimus columbus. data collected from naturally infested on-farm research plots were combined with economic information to construct a microcomputer spreadsheet analysis of the cropping system. nonlinear mathematical functions were fitted to field data to rep ...199119283139
cotton as a rotation crop for the management of meloidogyne arenaria and sclerotium rolfsii in peanut.the value of cotton (gossypium hirsutum cv. deltapine 90) in rotation with peanut (arachis hypogaea cv. florunner) for the management of root-knot nematode (meloidogyne arenaria) and southern blight (sclerotium rolfsii) was studied for 6 years in a field at the wiregrass substation in southeast alabama. peanut yields following either 1 or 2 years of cotton (c-p and c-c-p, respectively) were higher than those of peanut monoculture without nematicide [p(-)]. at-plant application of aldicarb to con ...199119283179
interaction of meloidogyne incognita and water stress in two cotton cultivars.a series of controlled-environment experiments were conducted to elucidate the effects of meloidogyne incognita on host physiology and plant-water relations of two cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cultivars that differed in their susceptibility to nematode infection. inoculation of m. incognita-resistant cultivar auburn 634 did not affect growth, stomatal resistance, or components of plant-water potential relative to uninoculated controls. however, nematode infection of the susceptible cultivar stone ...199119283156
growth and disinfestation of 6 different bacteria in embryogenic suspension cultures of cotton.growth of 6 different common laboratory bacteria (escherichia coli, flavobacterium balustrum, xanthomonas maltophilia, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas fluorescens, and agrobacterium tumefaciens) in a bacterial medium, fresh plant medium, and "spent" plant media was initially measured. in all cases, bacteria grew best in the bacterial medium followed by the fresh plant medium. the spent plant medium did not support growth of the bacteria and apparently was actively toxic to bacterial cells. pro ...199124221727
regeneration of gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense from shoot apex tissues for transformation.a method of regenerating cotton plants from the shoot apical meristem of seedlings was developed for use with particle gun and agrobacterium-mediated transformation. this method was developed to circumvent the problems of genotype restriction and chromosomal damage frequently encountered in cotton regeneration in tissue culture through somatic embryogenesis. in this procedure, the cells of the shoot meristem are targeted for transformation. normal and fertile plants of gossypium barbadense pima ...199124226156
carbon partitioning and export from mature cotton leaves.the partitioning of carbon in intact, mature cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) leaves was examined by steady-state (14)co(2) labeling. plants were exposed to dark periods of varying lengths, followed by similar illuminated labeling periods. these treatments produced leaves with a range of starch and soluble sugar contents, carbon exchange, and carbon export rates. export during the illuminated periods was neither highly correlated with photosynthesis nor was export during the illuminated periods si ...199116667956
carotenoid composition and photon-use efficiency of photosynthesis ingossypium hirsutum l. grown under conditions of slightly suboptimum leaf temperatures and high levels of irradiance.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. var. dp 61) was grown at different temperatures during 12-h light periods, with either 1800-2000 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1) (high photon flux density, pfd) or 1000-1100 μmol m(-2) s(-1) (medium pfd) incident on the plants. night temperature was 25°c in all experiments. growth was less when leaf temperatures were below 30°c during illumination, the effect being greater in plants grown with high pfd (winter and königer 1991). leaf pigment composition and the photon-use ...199128313261
dry matter production and photosynthetic capacity in gossypium hirsutum l. under conditions of slightly suboptimum leaf temperatures and high levels of irradiance.gossypium hirsutum l. var. delta pine 61 was cultivated in controlled-environment chambers at 1000-1100 μmol photosynthetically active photons m(-2) s(-1) (medium photon flux density) and at 1800-2000 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1) (high photon flux density), respectively. air temperatures ranged from 20° to 34°c during 12-h light periods, whereas during dark periods temperature was 25° c in all experiments. as the leaf temperature decreased from about 33° to 27° c, marked reductions in dry matter pro ...199128313835
effects of cotton plant allelochemicals and nutrients on behavior and development of tobacco budworm.female moths of the tobacco budworm,heliothis virescens (f.), oviposit in the terminals of the cotton plant,gossypium hirsutum (l.). the hatched larvae migrate to the terminal area and then to small squares (buds), on which they feed, finally burrowing into the anthers where they grow and develop. they attempt to avoid gossypol glands as they feed. chemically related evidence explains, in part, these observations. the calyx crown of resistant lines (which is avoided) is high in the terpenoid ald ...199124259171
root restriction as a factor in photosynthetic acclimation of cotton seedlings grown in elevated carbon dioxide.interactive effects of root restriction and atmospheric co(2) enrichment on plant growth, photosynthetic capacity, and carbohydrate partitioning were studied in cotton seedlings (gossypium hirsutum l.) grown for 28 days in three atmospheric co(2) partial pressures (270, 350, and 650 microbars) and two pot sizes (0.38 and 1.75 liters). some plants were transplanted from small pots into large pots after 20 days. reduction of root biomass resulting from growth in small pots was accompanied by decre ...199116668232
temperature dependence of violaxanthin de-epoxidation and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in intact leaves of gossypium hirsutum l. and malva parviflora l.the temperature dependence of the rate of de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin was determined in leaves of chilling-sensitive gossypium hirsutum l. (cotton) and chilling-resistant malva parviflora l. by measurements of the increase in absorbance at 505 nm (δa 505) and in the contents of antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin that occur upon exposure of predarkened leaves to excessive light. a linear relationship between δa 505 and the decrease in the epoxidation state of the xanthophyll-cycle pig ...199124194074
effects of salinity on stomatal conductance, photosynthetic capacity, and carbon isotope discrimination of salt-tolerant (gossypium hirsutum l.) and salt-sensitive (phaseolus vulgaris l.) c(3) non-halophytes.the effects of salinity on growth, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic capacity, and carbon isotope discrimination (delta) of gossypium hirsutum l. and phaseolus vulgaris l. were evaluated. plants were grown at different nacl concentrations from 10 days old until mature reproductive structures were formed. plant growth and leaf area development were strongly reduced by salinity, in both cotton and bean. stomatal conductance also was reduced by salinity. the delta always declined with increasing ...199116668029
direct photolabeling with [p]udp-glucose for identification of a subunit of cotton fiber callose synthase.we have identified a 52 kilodalton polypeptide as being a likely candidate for the catalytic subunit of the udp-glucose: (1-->3)-beta-glucan (callose) synthase of developing fibers of gossypium hirsutum (cotton). such a polypeptide migrates coincident with callose synthase during glycerol gradient centrifugation in the presence of edta, and can be directly photolabeled with the radioactive substrate, alpha-[(32)p]udp-glucose. interaction with the labeled probe requires ca(2+), a specific activat ...199116668019
cultured ovules as models for cotton fiber development under low temperatures.cotton fibers (gossypium hirsutum l.) developing in vitro responded to cyclic temperature change similarly to those of field-grown plants under diumal temperature fluctuations. absolute temperatures and rates of temperature change were similar under both conditions. in vitro fibers exhibited a "growth ring" for each time the temperature cycled to 22 or 15 degrees c. rings were rarely detected when the low point was 28 degrees c. the rings seemed to correspond to alternating regions of high and l ...199116667986
intracellular localization of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis in cotyledons of cotton seedlings.subfractionation of clarified cotyledon homogenates of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seedlings on sucrose gradients revealed a single coincident peak of cholinephosphotransferase (ec 2.7.8.2) (cpt) and ethanolaminephosphotransferase (ec 2.7.8.1) (ept) activities, which equilibrated with the main peak of antimycin a-insensitive nadh:cytochrome c reductase (ccr) activity. the small percentage of cpt and ept activities (less than 5% of the total) in glyoxysome-enriched pellets equilibrated with cy ...199116667983
sequence of the gossypium hirsutum d-genome alloallele of legumin a and its mrna. 199116668521
acquisition of membrane lipids by differentiating glyoxysomes: role of lipid bodies.glyoxysomes in cotyledons of cotton (gossypium hirsutum, l.) seedlings enlarge dramatically within 48 h after seed imbibition (kunce, c.m., r.n. trelease, and d.c. doman. 1984. planta (berl.). 161:156-164) to effect mobilization of stored cotton-seed oil. we discovered that the membranes of enlarging glyoxysomes at all stages examined contained a large percentage (36-62% by weight) of nonpolar lipid, nearly all of which were triacylglycerols (tags) and tag metabolites. free fatty acids comprised ...19911955468
temperature-induced phase shifting of circadian rhythms in cotton seedlings as related to variations in chilling resistance.the relationship between the degree of chilling resistance and phase shifting caused by low-temperature pulses was examined in two circadian rhythms in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. deltapine 50) seedlings grown under light-dark cycles of 12∶12 h at 33° c. the seedlings showed a circadian rhythm of chilling resistance and of cotyledon movement. a pulse of 19° c for 12 h during the chilling-sensitive phase (light period) caused a phase delay of 6 h, while a similar temperature pulse during th ...199124186427
evidence for light-dependent recycling of respired carbon dioxide by the cotton fruit.conservation of respired co(2) by an efficient recycling mechanism in fruit could provide a significant source of c for yield productivity. however, the extent to which such a mechanism operates in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is unknown. therefore, a combination of co(2) exchange, stable c isotope, and chlorophyll (chl) fluorescence techniques were used to examine the recycling of respired co(2) in cotton fruit. respiratory co(2) losses of illuminated fruit were reduced 15 to 20% compared wit ...199116668437
acclimation of co(2) assimilation in cotton leaves to water stress and salinity.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv acala sj2) plants were exposed to three levels of osmotic or matric potentials. the first was obtained by salt and the latter by withholding irrigation water. plants were acclimated to the two stress types by reducing the rate of stress development by a factor of 4 to 7. co(2) assimilation was then determined on acclimated and nonacclimated plants. the decrease of co(2) assimilation in salinity-exposed plants was significantly less in acclimated as compared with ...199116668429
ethylene-induced leaf abscission in cotton seedlings : the physiological bases for age-dependent differences in sensitivity.the speed of ethylene-induced leaf abscission in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv lg-102) seedlings is dependent on leaf position (i.e. physiological age). fumigation of intact seedlings for 18 hours with 10 microliters per liter of ethylene resulted in 40% abscission of the still-expanding third true (3 degrees ) leaves but had no effect on the fully expanded first true (1 degrees ) leaves. after 42 hours of fumigation with 50 microliters per liter of ethylene, total abscission of the 3 degrees ...199116667967
induction of leaf abscission in cotton is a common effect of urea- and adenine-type cytokinins.cytokinins of the urea and adenine type induced leaf abscission in young cotton (gossypium hirsutum) plants in the following order of activity: n-phenyl-n'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron) > n-phenyl-n'-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)urea > isopentenyladenine >/= 6-benzyladenine > zeatin = dihydrozeatin > kinetin. it is suggested that ethylene production is implicated in this response because it was stimulated by the compounds in cotton leaf discs with nearly the same effectiveness. moreover, simila ...199116667957
intact leaves exhibit a climacteric-like rise in ethylene production before abscission.the rate of ethylene production by intact, attached leaves of cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum l.) during aging and senescence was studied using a continuous flow system that allowed air around enclosed leaves to be scrubbed to collect and assay ethylene. senescence of lower leaves began around 150 d after planting in a controlled environment room. a progressive decline in the ethylene production rate was observed when comparing the 3rd, 6th, and 10th leaves from the base with each other. ethyl ...199216653164
effects of cycling temperatures on fiber metabolism in cultured cotton ovules.the effects of temperature on rates of cellulose synthesis, respiration, and long-term glucose uptake were investigated using cultured cotton ovules (gossypium hirsutum l. cv acala sj1). ovules were cultured either at constant 34 degrees c or under cycling temperatures (12 h at 34 degrees c/12 h at 15-40 degrees c). rates of respiration and cellulose synthesis at various temperatures were determined on day 21 during the stage of secondary wall synthesis by feeding cultured ovules with [(14)c]glu ...199216653084
circadian rhythm of heat resistance in cotton seedlings: synthesis of heat-shock proteins.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. deltapine 50) seedlings grown under light-dark cycles of 12:12 h at 33 degrees c showed rhythmic changes in their resistance to heat shock of 53 degrees c for 40 min. the resistance was maximal at the middle of the light period and declined toward the end of the light period. one more peak of resistance developed in the middle of the dark period and declined toward the end of the dark period. rhythmic changes in heat resistance persisted under continuous light f ...19921468437
temporal organization of chilling resistance in cotton seedlings: effects of low temperature and relative humidity.the effect of temperature and relative humidity (rh) on the time course of the rhythmic endogenous changes of chilling resistance was studied in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. deltapine 50) seedlings grown under light-dark cycles of 12:12 h. the resistant phase to 5° c, 85% rh lasted during most of the dark period while to 5° c, 100% rh it was longer and extended into the last half of the light period because a transient phase advance occurred when chilling started at the middle of the light ...199224178147
attraction ofheliothis virescens (f.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to volatiles from extracts of cotton flowers.mated and virgin female and virgin male tobacco budworm moths,heliothis virescens (f.), responded via directed upwind flight in wind-tunnel bioassays to volatiles from floral extracts of cotton,gossypium hirsutum l. significantly more male and female moths landed on cloth dispensers treated with a methylene chloride extract of debracted flowers than on control dispensers treated only with methylene chloride. only mated females landed in significant numbers on the dispensers treated with extract ...199224254094
growth of cotton under continuous salinity stress: influence on allocation pattern, stomatal and non-stomatal components of photosynthesis and dissipation of excess light energy.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants were grown in flowing-culture solutions containing 0%, 26% and 55% natural seawater under controlled and otherwise identical conditions. leaf na(+) content rose to 360 mm in 55% seawater, yet the k(+) content was maintained above 100 mm. the k(+)/na(+) selectivity ratio was much greater in the saline plants than in the control plants. all plants were healthy and able to complete the life cycle but relative growth rate fell by 46% in 26% seawater and by 83% i ...199224178074
engineering 2,4-d resistance into cotton.to reduce damage by drift-levels of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, we have engineered the 2,4-d resistance trait into cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). the 2,4-d monooxygenase gene tfda from alcaligenes eutrophus plasmid pjp5 was isolated, modified and expressed in transgenic tobacco and cotton plants. analyses of the transgenic progeny showed stable transmission of the chimeric tfda gene and production of active 2,4-d monooxygenase. cotton plants obtained were tolerant to 3 times t ...199224202683
spatial distribution of photosynthesis during drought in field-grown and acclimated and nonacclimated growth chamber-grown cotton.inhomogeneous photosynthetic activity has been reported to occur in drought-stressed leaves. in addition, it has been suggested that these water stress-induced nonuniformities in photosynthesis are caused by "patchy" stomatal closure and that the phenomenon may have created the illusion of a nonstomatal component to the inhibition of photosynthesis. because these earlier studies were performed with nonacclimated growth chamber-grown plants, we sought to determine whether such "patches" existed i ...199216652956
high performance liquid chromatography analysis of carbohydrates of cotton-phloem sap and of honeydew produced by bemisia tabaci feeding on cotton.phloem sap from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) was collected from young and mature leaves by the aphid-stylet technique. exudate was analyzed for carbohydrates by hplc using sensitive pulsed amperometric detection. the predominant carbohydrate present (>90%) was identified as sucrose. a second, unidentified compound that was not one of the more commonly translocated sugars was detected in mature leaves. carbohydrates in honeydew produced by the sweet-potato whitefly (bemisia tabaci [genn.]) feed ...199216668706
survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in missouri cotton fields.during september 1990, 30 cotton fields in each of three missouri counties were surveyed for plant-parasitic nematodes. soil samples for nematode analysis consisted of a composite of 20 cores collected in a zig-zag pattern within a 1-ha block in each field. cores were taken from within weed-free cotton rows. nine genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were found (rotylenchulus, helicotylenchus, hoplolaimus, meloidogyne, paratylenchus, pratylenchus, tylenchorhynchus, heterodera, and trichodorus), an ...199219283062
regulation of photosynthesis by end-product accumulation in leaves of plants storing starch, sucrose, and hexose sugars.in the present study, leaves of different plant species were girdled by the hot wax collar method to prevent export of assimilates. photosynthetic activity of girdled and control leaves was evaluated 3 to 7 days later by two methods: (a) carbon exchange rate (cer) of attached leaves was determined under ambient co(2) concentrations using a closed gas system, and (b) maximum photosynthetic capacity (a(max)) was determined under 3% co(2) with a leaf disc o(2) electrode. starch, hexoses, and sucros ...199216669056
gene expression in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber: cloning of the mrnas.cotton, an important natural fiber, is a differentiated epidermal cell. the number of genes that are active in fiber cells is similar to those in leaf, ovule, or root tissues. through differential screening of a fiber cdna library, we isolated five cdna clones that are preferentially expressed in fiber. one of the cdna clones, pcke6, corresponded to an abundant mrna in fiber. transcripts for e6 were detected throughout the development of the fiber. immunoprecipitation of in vitro translation pro ...19921631059
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