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ghmpk17, a cotton mitogen-activated protein kinase, is involved in plant response to high salinity and osmotic stresses and aba signaling.mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades play pivotal roles in mediating biotic and abiotic stress responses. cotton (gossypium hirsutum) is the most important textile crop in the world, and often encounters abiotic stress during its growth seasons. in this study, a gene encoding a mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) was isolated from cotton, and designated as ghmpk17. the open reading frame (orf) of ghmpk17 gene is 1494 bp in length and encodes a protein with 497 amino acids. quanti ...201424743296
within-field spatial distribution of stink bug (hemiptera: pentatomidae)-induced boll injury in commercial cotton fields of the southeastern united states.spatial distribution of boll injury caused by stink bugs to developing cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) bolls was studied in five commercial fields (≍22 ha each) in 2011 and 2012 to understand variability in boll injury dynamics within fields. cotton bolls and stink bugs were sampled weekly from a georeferenced grid of sampling points (one sample per 0.40 ha) in each field, but no samples were taken within 30 m of field edges. the inverse distance weighted interpolation, variogram analysis, and mo ...201424735500
quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis of nitric oxide-responsive phosphoproteins in cotton leaf.knowledge of phosphorylation events and their regulation is crucial to understanding the functional biology of plant proteins, but very little is currently known about nitric oxide-responsive phosphorylation in plants. here, we report the first large-scale, quantitative phosphoproteome analysis of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) treated with sodium nitroprusside (nitric oxide donor) by utilizing the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq) method. a total of 1315 unique phosphopep ...201424714030
cotton knl1, encoding a class ii knox transcription factor, is involved in regulation of fibre development.in this study, the ghknl1 (knotted1-like) gene, encoding a classical class ii knox protein was identified in cotton (gossypium hirsutum). ghknl1 was preferentially expressed in developing fibres at the stage of secondary cell wall (scw) biosynthesis. ghknl1 was localized in the cell nucleus, and could interact with ghofp4, as well as atofp1, atofp4, and atmyb75. however, ghknl1 lacked transcriptional activation activity. dominant repression of ghknl1 affected fibre development of cotton. the exp ...201424831118
association mapping for epistasis and environmental interaction of yield traits in 323 cotton cultivars under 9 different environments.improving yield is a major objective for cotton breeding schemes, and lint yield and its three component traits (boll number, boll weight and lint percentage) are complex traits controlled by multiple genes and various environments. association mapping was performed to detect markers associated with these four traits using 651 simple sequence repeats (ssrs). a mixed linear model including epistasis and environmental interaction was used to screen the loci associated with these four yield traits ...201424810754
functional characterization of ghakt1, a novel shaker-like k⁺ channel gene involved in k⁺ uptake from cotton (gossypium hirsutum).shaker-like potassium (k(+)) channels in plants play an important role in k(+) absorption and transport. in this study, we characterized a shaker-like k(+) channel gene ghakt1 from the roots of gossypium hirsutum cv. liaomian17. phylogenetic analysis showed that the ghakt1 belongs to the akt1-subfamily in the shaker-like k(+) channel family. confocal imaging of a ghakt1-green fluorescent fusion protein (gfp) in transgenic arabidopsis plants indicated that ghakt1 is localized in the plasma membra ...201424802116
pag1, a cotton brassinosteroid catabolism gene, modulates fiber elongation.cotton (gossypium hirsutum) is the major source of natural textile fibers. brassinosteroids (brs) play crucial roles in regulating fiber development. the molecular mechanisms of brs in regulating fiber elongation, however, are poorly understood. pagoda1 (pag1) was identified via an activation tagging genetic screen and characterized by genome walking and brassinolide (bl) supplementation. rna-seq analysis was employed to elucidate the mechanisms of pag1 in regulating fiber development. pag1 exhi ...201424786710
molecular mapping and validation of a major qtl conferring resistance to a defoliating isolate of verticillium wilt in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).verticillium wilt (vw) caused by verticillium dahliae kleb is one of the most destructive diseases of cotton. development and use of a vw resistant variety is the most practical and effective way to manage this disease. identification of highly resistant genes/qtl and the underlining genetic architecture is a prerequisite for developing a vw resistant variety. a major qtl qvw-c6-1 conferring resistance to the defoliating isolate v991 was identified on chromosome 6 in lhb22×jm11 f2∶3 population i ...201424781706
microrna-target gene responses to lead-induced stress in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).micrornas (mirnas) play key roles in plant responses to various metal stresses. to investigate the mirna-mediated plant response to heavy metals, cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), the most important fiber crop in the world, was exposed to different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 µm) of lead (pb) and then the toxicological effects were investigated. the expression patterns of 16 stress-responsive mirnas and 10 target genes were monitored in cotton leaves and roots by quantitative real-time ...201424879091
ghagl15s, preferentially expressed during somatic embryogenesis, promote embryogenic callus formation in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).somatic embryogenesis is a useful tool for gene transfer and propagation of plants. agamous-like15 (agl15) promotes somatic embryogenesis in many plant species. in this study, three homologous agl15 genes were isolated from gossypium hirsutum l., namely ghagl15-1, ghagl15-3, and ghagl15-4. their putative proteins contained a highly conserved mads-box dna-binding domain and a less conserved k domain. phylogenetic analysis suggested that the three ghagl15s clustered most closely with agl15 protein ...201424833045
radiation and chemical mutagen induced somaclonal variations through in vitro organogenesis of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).the purpose of the investigation was to induce somaclonal variations by gamma rays (gr), ethylmethane sulphonate (ems) and sodium azide (sa) during in vitro organogenesis of cotton.201424831496
construction of a complete set of alien chromosome addition lines from gossypium australe in gossypium hirsutum: morphological, cytological, and genotypic characterization.we report the first complete set of alien addition lines of g. hirsutum . the characterized lines can be used to introduce valuable traits from g. australe into cultivated cotton. gossypium australe is a diploid wild cotton species (2n = 26, gg) native to australia that possesses valuable characteristics unavailable in the cultivated cotton gene pool, such as delayed pigment gland morphogenesis in the seed and resistances to pests and diseases. however, it is very difficult to directly transfer ...201424553965
genetic mapping of fiber color genes on two brown cotton cultivars in xinjiang.in the present study, genetic linkage analysis was carried out to map the fiber color loci lc 1 and lc 2 on two brown cotton cultivars with ssr and est-ssr markers in the reference map by f2 segregation populations. the lc 1 locus carried by xincaimian6 (gossypium hirsutum l.) was flanked by the marker nau2862 and nau1043 on the long arm of chromosome 07, with genetic distance 7.8 cm and 3.8 cm, respectively. the lc 2 carried by xincaimian 5 (gossypium hirsutum l.) was flanked by the marker nau5 ...201425207203
protein expression changes during cotton fiber elongation in response to drought stress and recovery.an investigation to better understand the molecular mechanism of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber elongation in response to drought stress and recovery was conducted using a comparative proteomics analysis. cotton plants (cv. nucotn 33b) were subjected to water deprivation for 10 days followed by a recovery period (with watering) of 5 days. the temporal changes in total proteins in cotton fibers were examined using 2de. the results revealed that 163 proteins are significantly drought respons ...201424889071
quantitative trait loci analysis of fiber quality traits using a random-mated recombinant inbred population in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) accounts for about 95% of world cotton production. improving upland cotton cultivars has been the focus of world-wide cotton breeding programs. negative correlation between yield and fiber quality is an obstacle for cotton improvement. random-mating provides a potential methodology to break this correlation. the suite of fiber quality traits that affect the yarn quality includes the length, strength, maturity, fineness, elongation, uniformity and color. iden ...201424886099
distribution and differentiation of wild, feral, and cultivated populations of perennial upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) in mesoamerica and the caribbean.perennial forms of gossypium hirsutum are classified under seven races. five mesoamerican races would have been derived from the wild race 'yucatanense' from northern yucatán. 'marie-galante', the main race in the caribbean, would have developed from introgression with g. barbadense. the racial status of coastal populations from the caribbean has not been clearly defined. we combined ecological niche modeling with an analysis of ssr marker diversity, to elucidate the relationships among cultivat ...201425198534
comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes and transcriptional regulation induced by salt stress in two contrasting cotton genotypes.cotton (gossypium spp.) is one of the major fibre crops of the world. although it is classified as salt tolerant crop, cotton growth and productivity are adversely affected by high salinity, especially at germination and seedling stages. identification of genes and mirnas responsible for salt tolerance in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) would help reveal the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. we performed physiological experiments and transcriptome sequencing (mrna-seq and small rna-s ...201425189468
quantitative trait loci mapping and genetic dissection for lint percentage in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum).lint percentage is an important character of cotton yield components and it is also correlated with cotton fibre development. in this study, we used a high lint percentage variety, baimian1, and a low lint percentage, tm-1 genetic standard for gossypium hirsutum, as parents to construct a mapping populations in upland cotton (g. hirsutum). a quantitative trait locus/loci (qtl) analysis of lint percentage was performed by using two mapping procedures; composite interval mapping (cim), inclusive c ...201425189232
the cotton wrky transcription factor ghwrky17 functions in drought and salt stress in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana through aba signaling and the modulation of reactive oxygen species production.drought and high salinity are two major environmental factors that significantly limit the productivity of agricultural crops worldwide. wrky transcription factors play essential roles in the adaptation of plants to abiotic stresses. however, wrky genes involved in drought and salt tolerance in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) are largely unknown. here, a group iid wrky gene, ghwrky17, was isolated and characterized. ghwrky17 was found to be induced after exposure to drought, salt, h2o2 and aba. the ...201425261532
[genome-wide analysis of hsp70 superfamily in gossypium raimondii and the expression of orthologs in gossypium hirsutum].heat shock 70 (hsp70) proteins are highly conserved molecular chaperones widely existed in the plant kingdom which are involved in cellular protein folding process. in this study, comprehensive evolutionary analyses of the gossypium raimondii hsp70 gene family members are conducted and 30 hsp70 genes are identified. the gene structure, chromosome distribution, gene duplication and phylogenic evolution of this family are further analyzed. the results reveal that hsp70 family genes can be clustere ...201425252310
effect of late planting and shading on cellulose synthesis during cotton fiber secondary wall development.cotton-rapeseed or cotton-wheat double cropping systems are popular in the yangtze river valley and yellow river valley of china. due to the competition of temperature and light resources during the growing season of double cropping system, cotton is generally late-germinating and late-maturing and has to suffer from the coupling of declining temperature and low light especially in the late growth stage. in this study, late planting (lp) and shading were used to fit the coupling stress, and the ...201425133819
next generation genetic mapping of the ligon-lintless-2 (li₂) locus in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).mapping-by-sequencing and novel subgenome-specific snp markers were used to fine map the ligon-lintless 2 ( li 2 ) short-fiber gene in tetraploid cotton. these methodologies will accelerate gene identification in polyploid species. next generation sequencing offers new ways to identify the genetic mechanisms that underlie mutant phenotypes. the release of a reference diploid gossypium raimondii (d5) genome and bioinformatics tools to sort tetraploid reads into subgenomes has brought cotton genet ...201425119870
transcriptome and complexity-reduced, dna-based identification of intraspecies single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the polyploid gossypium hirsutum l.varietal single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are the differences within one of the two subgenomes between different tetraploid cotton varieties and have not been practically used in cotton genetics and breeding because they are difficult to identify due to low genetic diversity and very high sequence identity between homeologous genes in cotton. we have used transcriptome and restriction site-associated dna sequencing to identify varietal snps among 18 g. hirsutum varieties based on the ratio ...201425106949
transcriptome analysis of extant cotton progenitors revealed tetraploidization and identified genome-specific single nucleotide polymorphism in diploid and allotetraploid cotton.the most widely cultivated cotton (gossypium hirsutum l., ad-genome) is derived from tetraploidization between a- and d-genome species. g. arboreum l. (a-genome) and g. raimondii ulbr. (d-genome) are two of closely-related extant progenitors. gene expression studies in allotetraploid cotton are complicated by the homoeologous loci of a- and d-genome origins. to develop genomic resources for gene expression and cotton breeding, we sequenced and assembled expressed sequence tags (ests) derived fro ...201425099166
molecular analysis of proanthocyanidins related to pigmentation in brown cotton fibre (gossypium hirsutum l.).the structural characteristics and component differences of proanthocyanidins in brown and white cotton fibres were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) analyses. proanthocyanidins in brown and white cotton fibres were found to contain mainly procyanidin (pc) and prodelphidin (pd) units with 2, 3-cis form (epigallocatechin and epicatechin). however, part of the proanthocyanidins in the white ...201425086591
the effect of mepiquat chloride on elongation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) internode is associated with low concentration of gibberellic acid.the growth regulator mepiquat chloride (mc) is globally used in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) canopy manipulation to avoid excess growth and yield loss. however, little information is available as to whether the modification of plant architecture by mc is related to alterations in gibberellic acid (ga) metabolism and signaling. here, the role of ga metabolism and signaling was investigated in cotton seedlings treated with mc. the mc significantly decreased endogenous ga3 and ga4 levels in the e ...201425017155
genome-wide analysis of the wrky gene family in cotton.wrky proteins are major transcription factors involved in regulating plant growth and development. although many studies have focused on the functional identification of wrky genes, our knowledge concerning many areas of wrky gene biology is limited. for example, in cotton, the phylogenetic characteristics, global expression patterns, molecular mechanisms regulating expression, and target genes/pathways of wrky genes are poorly characterized. therefore, in this study, we present a genome-wide an ...201424942461
novel method to establish molecular identity using inter-simple sequence repeat markers in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cultivars.plant molecular identity (id) is used to describe molecular characteristics of plants, which should contain all of the necessary information. using inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) primers, molecular id can be described in a way that reflects the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) conditions, annealing temperature, and the bands obtained in pcr amplification. a new complete molecular id system is described in this study, which can be easily used and expanded to include more information. using th ...201424938605
proteomics profiling of fiber development and domestication in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).comparative proteomic analyses were performed to detail the evolutionary consequences of strong directional selection for enhanced fiber traits in modern upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). using two complementary proteomic approaches, 2-de and itraq lc-ms/ms, fiber proteomes were examined for four representative stages of fiber development. approximately 1,000 protein features were characterized using each strategy, collectively resulting in the identification and functional categorization o ...201425156487
in vitro cadmium-induced alterations in growth and oxidative metabolism of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).cadmium (cd) is a toxic pollutant, which cause both dose- and time-dependent physiological and biochemical alterations in plants. the present in vitro study was undertaken to explore cd-induced physiological and biochemical changes in cotton callus culture at 0, 550, 700, 850, and 1000 μm cd for four different stress periods (7, 14, 21, and 28 days). at 1000 μm cd, mean growth values were lower than their respective control. the cell protein contents decreased only after 7-day and 14-day stress ...201425013851
predicting the effects of environment and management on cotton fibre growth and quality: a functional-structural plant modelling approach.in general, the quality of fruits depends on local conditions experienced by the fruit during its development. in cotton, fruit quality, and more specifically the quality of the fibre in the fruit, depends on interactions between fruit position in the plant architecture, temperature and agronomic practices, such as sowing time, mulching with plastic film and topping of the plant's main stem and branches. to quantify this response of cotton fibre quality to environment and management, we develope ...201425011385
water deficit in field-grown gossypium hirsutum primarily limits net photosynthesis by decreasing stomatal conductance, increasing photorespiration, and increasing the ratio of dark respiration to gross photosynthesis.much effort has been expended to improve irrigation efficiency and drought tolerance of agronomic crops; however, a clear understanding of the physiological mechanisms that interact to decrease source strength and drive yield loss has not been attained. to elucidate the underlying mechanisms contributing to inhibition of net carbon assimilation under drought stress, three cultivars of gossypium hirsutum were grown in the field under contrasting irrigation regimes during the 2012 and 2013 growing ...201425151126
a cotton (gossypium hirsutum) gene encoding a nac transcription factor is involved in negative regulation of plant xylem development.nac proteins that compose of one large family of plant specific transcription factors (tf) play the important roles in many biological processes (such as morphogenesis, development, senescence and stress signal transduction). in this study, a gene (designated as ghxnd1) encoding a nac transcription factor was identified in cotton. sequence analysis indicated that ghxnd1 gene contains two introns inserted in its open reading frame (orf). ghxnd1 protein is localized in the cell nucleus, and displa ...201425137291
functional characterization of cotton genes responsive to verticillium dahliae through bioinformatics and reverse genetics strategies.verticillium wilt causes dramatic cotton yield loss in china. although some genes or biological processes involved in the interaction between cotton and verticillium dahliae have been identified, the molecular mechanism of cotton resistance to this disease is still poorly understood. the basic innate immune response for defence is somewhat conserved among plant species to defend themselves in complex environments, which makes it possible to characterize genes involved in cotton immunity based on ...201425326626
mapping genomic loci for cotton plant architecture, yield components, and fiber properties in an interspecific (gossypium hirsutum l. × g. barbadense l.) ril population.a quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping was conducted to better understand the genetic control of plant architecture (pa), yield components (yc), and fiber properties (fp) in the two cultivated tetraploid species of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. and g. barbadense l.). one hundred and fifty-nine genomic regions were identified on a saturated genetic map of more than 2,500 ssr and snp markers, constructed with an interspecific recombinant inbred line (ril) population derived from the genetic stan ...201425314923
development and bin mapping of gene-associated interspecific snps for cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) introgression breeding efforts.cotton (gossypium spp.) is the largest producer of natural fibers for textile and is an important crop worldwide. crop production is comprised primarily of g. hirsutum l., an allotetraploid. however, elite cultivars express very small amounts of variation due to the species monophyletic origin, domestication and further bottlenecks due to selection. conversely, wild cotton species harbor extensive genetic diversity of prospective utility to improve many beneficial agronomic traits, fiber charact ...201425359292
cloning of gossypium hirsutum sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 gene (ghsnrk2) and its overexpression in transgenic arabidopsis escalates drought and low temperature tolerance.the molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance and the use of modern genetics approaches for the improvement of drought stress tolerance have been major focuses of plant molecular biologists. in the present study, we cloned the gossypium hirsutum sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (ghsnrk2) gene and investigated its functions in transgenic arabidopsis. we further elucidated the function of this gene in transgenic cotton using virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) techniques. we hypoth ...201425393623
genome-wide analysis of the omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene family in gossypium.the majority of commercial cotton varieties planted worldwide are derived from gossypium hirsutum, which is a naturally occurring allotetraploid produced by interspecific hybridization of a- and d-genome diploid progenitor species. while most cotton species are adapted to warm, semi-arid tropical and subtropical regions, and thus perform well in these geographical areas, cotton seedlings are sensitive to cold temperature, which can significantly reduce crop yields. one of the common biochemical ...201425403726
molecular markers and cotton genetic improvement: current status and future prospects.narrow genetic base and complex allotetraploid genome of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is stimulating efforts to avail required polymorphism for marker based breeding. the availability of draft genome sequence of g. raimondii and g. arboreum and next generation sequencing (ngs) technologies facilitated the development of high-throughput marker technologies in cotton. the concepts of genetic diversity, qtl mapping, and marker assisted selection (mas) are evolving into more efficient concepts of ...201425401149
morphological and physiological responses of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants to salinity.salinization usually plays a primary role in soil degradation, which consequently reduces agricultural productivity. in this study, the effects of salinity on growth parameters, ion, chlorophyll, and proline content, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation of two cotton cultivars, [ccri-79 (salt tolerant) and simian 3 (salt sensitive)], were evaluated. salinity was investigated at 0 mm, 80 mm, 160 mm, and 240 mm nacl for 7 days. salinity induced morphological and ph ...201425391141
genome-wide cloning, identification, classification and functional analysis of cotton heat shock transcription factors in cotton (gossypium hirsutum).heat shock transcriptional factors (hsfs) play important roles in the processes of biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in plant development. cotton (gossypium hirsutum, 2n=4x=(ad)2=52) is an important crop for natural fiber production. due to continuous high temperature and intermittent drought, heat stress is becoming a handicap to improve cotton yield and lint quality. recently, the related wild diploid species gossypium raimondii genome (2n=2x=(d5)2=26) has been fully sequenced. in order t ...201425378022
identification of novel micrornas in the verticillium wilt-resistant upland cotton variety kv-1 by high-throughput sequencing.plant micrornas (mirnas) play essential roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression during development, flowering, plant growth, metabolism, and stress responses. verticillium wilt is one of the vascular disease in plants, which is caused by the verticillium dahlia and leads to yellowing, wilting, lodging, damage to the vascular tissue, and death in cotton plants. upland cotton varieties kv-1 have shown resistance to verticillium wilt in multiple levels. however, the knowledg ...201425332864
identification and profiling of known and novel fiber micrornas during the secondary wall thickening stage in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) via high-throughput sequencing. 201425438700
evaluation of cotton leaf curl virus resistance in bc1, bc2, and bc3 progenies from an interspecific cross between gossypium arboreum and gossypium hirsutum.cotton leaf curl virus disease (clcud) is an important constraint to cotton production. the resistance of g. arboreum to this devastating disease is well documented. in the present investigation, we explored the possibility of transferring genes for resistance to clcud from g. arboreum (2n = 26) cv 15-mollisoni into g. hirsutum (2n = 52) cv crsm-38 through conventional breeding. we investigated the cytology of the bc1 to bc3 progenies of direct and reciprocal crosses of g. arboreum and g. hirsut ...201425372141
a mads-box gene is specifically expressed in fibers of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and influences plant growth of transgenic arabidopsis in a ga-dependent manner.in this study, a cdna, ghmads14, encoding a typical mads-box protein with 223 amino acids was isolated from a cotton cdna library. fluorescent microscopy indicated that the ghmads14 protein was localized in the cell nucleus. ghmads14 was specifically expressed in the elongating fibers, and its expression was gradually enhanced at early stages of fiber elongation and reached its peak in 9-10 dpa fibers. overexpression of ghmads14 in arabidopsis hindered plant growth. measurement and statistical a ...201424374505
synthesis and evaluation of heterocyclic analogues of bromoxynil.one attractive strategy to discover more active and/or crop-selective herbicides is to make structural changes to currently registered compounds. this strategy is especially appealing for those compounds with limited herbicide resistance and whose chemistry is accompanied with transgenic tools to enable herbicide tolerance in crop plants. bromoxynil is a photosystem ii (psii) inhibitor registered for control of broadleaf weeds in several agronomic and specialty crops. recently at the university ...201424354444
how does the host-specialized aphid deal with food deficiency?aphis gossypii glover shows obvious host specialization, with cucurbit- and cotton-specialized biotypes or host races in many regions. because its annual natal host crops senesce earlier the cucurbit-specialized biotype may suffer food deficiency. the method this biotype uses to overcome this challenge is still poorly understood. in order to understand the potential of the cucurbit-specialized biotype aphids in host shift and usage, the performance of this biotype on cotton (gossypium hirsutum), ...201424526656
pyramiding b genes in cotton achieves broader but not always higher resistance to bacterial blight.near-isogenic lines of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) carrying single, race-specific genes b4, bin, and b7 for resistance to bacterial blight were used to develop a pyramid of lines with all possible combinations of two and three genes to learn whether the pyramid could achieve broad and high resistance approaching that of l. a. brinkerhoff's exceptional line im216. isogenic strains of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum carrying single avirulence (avr) genes were used to identify plants ...201424655289
ghpsy, a phytoene synthase gene, is related to the red plant phenotype in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).carotenoids are important accessory pigments in plants that are essential for photosynthesis. phytoene synthase (psy), a rate-controlling enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, has been widely characterized in rice, maize, and sorghum, but at present there are no reports describing this enzyme in cotton. in this study, ghpsy was identified as a candidate gene for the red plant phenotype via a combined strategy using: (1) molecular marker data for loci closely linked to r1; (2) the whole- ...201424718783
upland cotton gene ghfpf1 confers promotion of flowering time and shade-avoidance responses in arabidopsis thaliana.extensive studies on floral transition in model species have revealed a network of regulatory interactions between proteins that transduce and integrate developmental and environmental signals to promote or inhibit the transition to flowering. previous studies indicated flowering promoting factor 1 (fpf1) gene was involved in the promotion of flowering, but the molecular mechanism was still unclear. here, fpf1 homologous sequences were screened from diploid gossypium raimondii l. (d-genome, n =  ...201424626476
atwuschel promotes formation of the embryogenic callus in gossypium hirsutum.upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) is one of the most recalcitrant species for in vitro plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis. callus from only a few cultivars can produce embryogenic callus (ec), but the mechanism is not well elucidated. here we screened a cultivar, cri24, with high efficiency of ec produce. the expression of genes relevant to ec production was analyzed between the materials easy to or difficult to produce ec. quantitative pcr showed that cri24, which had a 100% ec d ...201424498119
sugar and auxin signaling pathways respond to high-temperature stress during anther development as revealed by transcript profiling analysis in cotton.male reproduction in flowering plants is highly sensitive to high temperature (ht). to investigate molecular mechanisms of the response of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) anthers to ht, a relatively complete comparative transcriptome analysis was performed during anther development of cotton lines 84021 and h05 under normal temperature and ht conditions. in total, 4,599 differentially expressed genes were screened; the differentially expressed genes were mainly related to epigenetic modifications, c ...201424481135
association between photosynthesis and contrasting features of minor veins in leaves of summer annuals loading phloem via symplastic versus apoplastic routes.foliar vascular anatomy and photosynthesis were evaluated for a number of summer annual species that either load sugars into the phloem via a symplastic route (cucumis sativus l. cv. straight eight; cucurbita pepo l. cv. italian zucchini romanesco; citrullus lanatus l. cv. faerie hybrid; cucurbita pepo l. cv. autumn gold) or an apoplastic route (nicotiana tabacum l.; solanum lycopersicum l. cv. brandywine; gossypium hirsutum l.; helianthus annuus l. cv. soraya), as well as winter annual apoplast ...201424450755
a study on the influence of different promoter and 5'utr (urm) cassettes from arabidopsis thaliana on the expression level of the reporter gene β glucuronidase in tobacco and cotton.several reports of promoters from plants, viral and artificial origin that confer high constitutive expression are known. among these the camv 35s promoter is used extensively for transgene expression in plants. we identified candidate promoters from arabidopsis based on their transcript levels (meta-analysis of available microarray control datasets) to test their activity in comparison to the camv 35s promoter. a set of 11 candidate genes were identified which showed high transcript levels in t ...201424072400
re-evaluation of the inheritance for root-knot nematode resistance in the upland cotton germplasm line m-120 rnr revealed two epistatic qtls conferring resistance.we report a second major qtl for root-knot nematode resistance in the highly resistant upland cotton line m-120rnr and show epistasis between two resistant qtls with different mechanisms conferring resistance. in an earlier study, we identified a major qtl on chromosome 11 associated with resistance to root-knot nematode in the m-120 rnr upland cotton line (gossypium hirsutum l.) of the auburn 623 rnr source. herein, we re-evaluated the genetics of the resistance to root-knot nematode in the m-1 ...201424728014
diversity of endophytic fungi from different verticillium-wilt-resistant gossypium hirsutum and evaluation of antifungal activity against verticillium dahliae in vitro.cotton plants were sampled and ranked according to their resistance to verticillium wilt. in total, 642 endophytic fungi isolates representing 27 genera were recovered from gossypium hirsutum root, stem, and leaf tissues, but were not uniformly distributed. more endophytic fungi appeared in the leaf (391) compared with the root (140) and stem (111) sections. however, no significant difference in the abundance of isolated endophytes was found among resistant cotton varieties. alternaria exhibited ...201424836187
site specific nematode management-development and success in cotton production in the united states.variability in edaphic factors such as clay content, organic matter, and nutrient availability within individual fields is a major obstacle confronting cotton producers. adaptation of geospatial technologies such global positioning systems (gps), yield monitors, autosteering, and the automated on-and-off technology required for site-specific nematicide application has provided growers with additional tools for managing nematodes. multiple trials in several states were conducted to evaluate this ...201425580023
effect of simultaneous water deficit stress and meloidogyne incognita infection on cotton yield and fiber quality.both water deficit stress and meloidogyne incognita infection can reduce cotton growth and yield, and drought can affect fiber quality, but the effect of nematodes on fiber quality is not well documented. to determine whether nematode parasitism affects fiber quality and whether the combined effects of nematode and drought stress on yield and quality are additive (independent effects), synergistic, or antagonistic, we conducted a study for 7 yr in a field infested with m. incognita. a split-plot ...201424987162
the gossypium hirsutum wrky gene ghwrky39-1 promotes pathogen infection defense responses and mediates salt stress tolerance in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana.our results indicate that overexpression of the ghwrky39 - 1 gene enhances resistance to pathogen infection and tolerance to high salt and oxidative stress in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana.201424337818
overexpression of cotton ghmkk4 enhances disease susceptibility and affects abscisic acid, gibberellin and hydrogen peroxide signalling in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana.mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades are involved in plant development, stress responses and hormonal signal transduction. mapk kinases (mapkks), as the key nodes in these cascades, link mapks and mapkk kinases (mapkkks). in this study, ghmkk4, a novel group c mapkk gene from cotton (gossypium hirsutum), was isolated and identified. its expression can be induced by various stresses and signalling molecules. the overexpression of ghmkk4 in nicotiana benthamiana enhanced its susceptibi ...201423980654
ghh2a12, a replication-dependent histone h2a gene from gossypium hirsutum, is negatively involved in the development of cotton fiber cells.ghh2a12 was preferentially expressed at the initiation and early elongation stage of cotton fiber development, and overexpression of ghh2a12 caused retardation of fiber initiation and produced shorter fibers. histone h2a is a component of eukaryotic chromatin whose function has not been studied in cotton. we have isolated an h2a gene encoding 156 amino acids, named ghh2a12. like other plant histone h2as, ghh2a12 contains a typical spkk motif in the carboxy-terminal and a plant-unique peptide-bin ...201425001001
a fungal protein elicitor pevd1 induces verticillium wilt resistance in cotton.we found that the elicitor pevd1 triggered innate immunity in cotton, which plays an important role in future cotton wilt disease control.201424337817
current status of genetic engineering in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l): an assessment.cotton is considered as the foremost commercially important fiber crop and is deemed as the backbone of the textile industry. the productivity of cotton crop, worldwide, is severely hampered by the occurrence of pests, weeds, pathogens apart from various environmental factors. several beneficial agronomic traits, viz., early maturity, improved fiber quality, heat tolerance, etc. have been successfully incorporated into cotton varieties employing conventional hybridization and mutation breeding. ...201423190258
using resistant prey demonstrates that bt plants producing cry1ac, cry2ab, and cry1f have no negative effects on geocoris punctipes and orius insidiosus.geocoris punctipes (say) and orius insidiosus (say) are generalist predators found in a wide range of crops, including cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and maize (zea mays l.), where they provide important biological control services by feeding on an array of pests, including eggs and small larvae of caterpillars. a high percentage of cotton and maize in the united states and several other countries are transgenic cultivars that produce one or more of the insecticidal cry proteins of bacillus thur ...201424472212
physiological effects of meloidogyne incognita infection on cotton genotypes with differing levels of resistance in the greenhouse.greenhouse tests were conducted to evaluate (i) the effect of meloidogyne incognita infection in cotton on plant growth and physiology including the height-to-node ratio, chlorophyll content, dark-adapted quantum yield of photosystem ii, and leaf area; and (ii) the extent to which moderate or high levels of resistance to m. incognita influenced these effects. cultivars fibermax 960 br (susceptible to m. incognita) and stoneville 5599 br (moderately resistant) were tested together in three trials ...201425580028
conversion of fusaric acid to fusarinol by aspergillus tubingensis: a detoxification reaction.the fungus fusarium oxysporum causes wilt diseases of plants and produces a potent phytotoxin fusaric acid (fa), which is also toxic to many microorganisms. an aspergillus tubingensis strain with high tolerance to fa was isolated from soil and designated as cdrat01. hplc analysis of culture filtrates from a. tubingensis isolate cdrat01 grown with the addition of fa indicated the formation of a metabolite over time that was associated with a decrease of fa. spectral analysis and chemical synthesi ...201424352475
characterization of developmental- and stress-mediated expression of cinnamoyl-coa reductase in kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus l.).cinnamoyl-coa reductase (ccr) is an important enzyme for lignin biosynthesis as it catalyzes the first specific committed step in monolignol biosynthesis. we have cloned a full length coding sequence of ccr from kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus l.), which contains a 1,020-bp open reading frame (orf), encoding 339 amino acids of 37.37 kda, with an isoelectric point (pi) of 6.27 (jx524276, hcccr2). blast result found that it has high homology with other plant ccr orthologs. multiple alignment with other ...201424723816
cotton wrky1 mediates the plant defense-to-development transition during infection of cotton by verticillium dahliae by activating jasmonate zim-domain1 expression.plants have evolved an elaborate signaling network to ensure an appropriate level of immune response to meet the differing demands of developmental processes. previous research has demonstrated that della proteins physically interact with jasmonate zim-domain1 (jaz1) and dynamically regulate the interaction of the gibberellin (ga) and jasmonate (ja) signaling pathways. however, whether and how the jaz1-della regulatory node is regulated at the transcriptional level in plants under normal growth ...201425301887
the entomopathogenic fungal endophytes purpureocillium lilacinum (formerly paecilomyces lilacinus) and beauveria bassiana negatively affect cotton aphid reproduction under both greenhouse and field conditions.the effects of two entomopathogenic fungal endophytes, beauveria bassiana and purpureocillium lilacinum (formerly paecilomyces lilacinus), were assessed on the reproduction of cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover (homoptera:aphididae), through in planta feeding trials. in replicate greenhouse and field trials, cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum) were inoculated as seed treatments with two concentrations of b. bassiana or p. lilacinum conidia. positive colonization of cotton by the endophytes was c ...201425093505
high throughput agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated germline transformation of mechanically isolated meristem explants of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).agrobacterium tumefaciens mediates high frequency of germline transformation of cotton meristem explants. the meristem transformation system we developed is rapid, high throughput and genotype-flexible. we have developed a high throughput cotton transformation system based on direct agrobacterium inoculation of mechanically isolated meristem explants of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). the explants were inoculated with a disarmed a. tumefaciens strain, ab33 harboring a 2 t-dna binary vector pmon1 ...201424129847
virus-induced gene silencing using a modified betasatellite: a potential candidate for functional genomics of crops.betasatellites are geminivirus-associated single-stranded dna molecules that play an important role in symptom modulation. a vigs vector was developed by modifying cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite (clcumb). clcumb dna was modified by replacing the βc1 gene with a multiple cloning site. the silencing ability of the modified clcumb was investigated by cloning a fragment of a host gene (su) or a reporter transgene (uida) into the modified clcumb and co-agroinoculation with cotton leaf curl mul ...201424610555
transcriptome analysis of gossypium hirsutum flower buds infested by cotton boll weevil (anthonomus grandis) larvae.cotton is a major fibre crop grown worldwide that suffers extensive damage from chewing insects, including the cotton boll weevil larvae (anthonomus grandis). transcriptome analysis was performed to understand the molecular interactions between gossypium hirsutum l. and cotton boll weevil larvae. the illumina hiseq 2000 platform was used to sequence the transcriptome of cotton flower buds infested with boll weevil larvae.201425280771
ghwrky40, a multiple stress-responsive cotton wrky gene, plays an important role in the wounding response and enhances susceptibility to ralstonia solanacearum infection in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana.wrky transcription factors form one of the largest transcription factor families and function as important components in the complex signaling processes that occur during plant stress responses. however, relative to the research progress in model plants, far less information is available on the function of wrky proteins in cotton. in the present study, we identified the ghwrky40 gene in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and determined that the ghwrky40 protein is targeted to the nucleus and is a stres ...201424747610
comparative transcriptome analysis of gossypium hirsutum l. in response to sap sucking insects: aphid and whitefly.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is a major fiber crop that is grown worldwide; it faces extensive damage from sap-sucking insects, including aphids and whiteflies. genome-wide transcriptome analysis was performed to understand the molecular details of interaction between gossypium hirsutum l. and sap-sucking pests, namely aphis gossypii (aphid) and bemisia tabacci (whiteflies). roche's gs-titanium was used to sequence transcriptomes of cotton infested with aphids and whiteflies for 2 h and 24 h.201323577705
mosquito larvicidal potential of gossypium hirsutum (bt cotton) leaves extracts against aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi larvae.we aimed to extract the ingredients from leaves of gossypium hirsutum (bt cotton) using different solvents and evaluate for potential use to control different larval stages of mosquito species, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi.201325629069
cotton ghmkk1 induces the tolerance of salt and drought stress, and mediates defence responses to pathogen infection in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana.mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (mapkk) mediate a variety of stress responses in plants. so far little is known on the functional role of mapkks in cotton. in the present study, gossypium hirsutum mkk1 (ghmkk1) function was investigated. ghmkk1 protein may activate its specific targets in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. treatments with salt, drought, and h2o2 induced the expression of ghmkk1 and increased the activity of ghmkk1, while overexpression of ghmkk1 in nicotiana benthamiana en ...201323844212
development of insect-resistant transgenic cotton with chimeric tvip3a accumulating in chloroplasts.an optimized vip3a gene, designated as vip3a* was chemically synthesized and a thi1 gene chloroplast transit peptide coding sequence was attached to its 5' end to produce the tvip3a*. vip3a* and tvip3a* genes were transformed into gossypium hirsutum cv. zhongmiansuo35 mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. four independent transgenic t1 lines with single-copy insertions and unchanged phenotypes (ctv1 and ctv2 for tvip3a*, and cv1 and cv2 for vip3a*) were selected by polymerase chain reaction (pc ...201323143498
agroinoculation of a full-length cdna clone of cotton leafroll dwarf virus (clrdv) results in systemic infection in cotton and the model plant nicotiana benthamiana.cotton blue disease is the most important viral disease of cotton in the southern part of south america. its etiological agent, cotton leafroll dwarf virus (clrdv), is specifically transmitted to host plants by the aphid vector (aphis gossypii) and any attempt to perform mechanical inoculations of this virus into its host has failed. this limitation has held back the study of this virus and the disease it causes. in this study, a full-length cdna of clrdv was constructed and expressed in vivo un ...201323623981
construction of a plant-transformation-competent bibac library and genome sequence analysis of polyploid upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).cotton, one of the world's leading crops, is important to the world's textile and energy industries, and is a model species for studies of plant polyploidization, cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall biogenesis. here, we report the construction of a plant-transformation-competent binary bacterial artificial chromosome (bibac) library and comparative genome sequence analysis of polyploid upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) with one of its diploid putative progenitor species, g. raimondii ulbr.201323537070
coordinate accumulation of homeologous transcripts of seven cotton lea gene families during embryogenesis and germination.one of two related patterns of total transcript accumulation are seen during embryogenesis for 18 cotton lea (late embryogenesis-abundant) gene families in the allotetraploid cotton gossypium hirsutum l. cv coker 201. coordinate accumulation in each class is complex, suggesting that lea mrna abundance is regulated by several events. each of the lea gene families probably contains two active homeologous genes (alloalleles), one in each of cotton's two subgenomes. it is of interest whether both tr ...20133622929
spatial and temporal variation in fungal endophyte communities isolated from cultivated cotton (gossypium hirsutum).studies of fungi in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cultivated in the united states have largely focused on monitoring and controlling plant pathogens. given increasing interest in asymptomatic fungal endophytes as potential biological control agents, surveys are needed to better characterize their diversity, distribution patterns and possible applications in integrated pest management. we sampled multiple varieties of cotton in texas, usa and tested for temporal and spatial variation in fung ...201323776604
overexpression of ft in cotton affects architecture but not floral organogenesis.flowering marks the change from indeterminate to determinate plant growth, and this developmental transition involves the activity of the arabidopsis flowering locus t (ft) gene product and its orthologs. we demonstrated that when ft is ectopically expressed from a viral vector in cotton, a process referred to as virus induced flowering (vif), it uncouples flowering from photoperiodic regulation and promotes determinate growth in aerial organs. the accelerated switch to determinate growth affect ...201323333977
a transcript profiling approach reveals an abscisic acid-specific glycosyltransferase (ugt73c14) induced in developing fiber of ligon lintless-2 mutant of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).ligon lintless-2, a monogenic dominant cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber mutation, causing extreme reduction in lint fiber length with no pleiotropic effects on vegetative growth, represents an excellent model system to study fiber elongation. a udp-glycosyltransferase that was highly expressed in developing fibers of the mutant ligon lintless-2 was isolated. the predicted amino acid sequence showed ~53% similarity with arabidopsis ugt73c sub-family members and the udp-glycosyltransferase was ...201324086489
the relationship between environmental variables and response of cotton to nematicides.nematicide/irrigation rate trials were conducted in texas (tx) in 2009 and 2010 in cotton grown at three irrigation rates, where irrigation rate (base (b), b - 33%, b + 33%) was the main plot and treatment (untreated check, aldicarb, and nematicide seed treatment (nst) and nst + aldicarb) were the subplots. aldicarb improved cotton lint yield with the base (medium) irrigation rate over the untreated check, but not at the b - 33% and b + 33% irrigation rates. in a second evaluation, 20 tests cond ...201323589654
the effect of soil texture and irrigation on rotylenchulus reniformis and cotton.the reniform nematode, rotylenchulus reniformis, is the most damaging nematode pathogen of cotton in alabama. soil texture is currently being explored as a basis for the development of economic thresholds and management zones within a field. trials to determine the reproductive potential of r. reniformis as influenced by soil type were conducted in microplot and greenhouse settings during 2008 to 2010. population density of r. reniformis was significantly influenced by soil texture and exhibited ...201323833324
development of agrobacterium-mediated virus-induced gene silencing and performance evaluation of four marker genes in gossypium barbadense.gossypiumbarbadense is a cultivated cotton species and possesses many desirable traits, including high fiber quality and resistance to pathogens, especially verticilliumdahliae (a devastating pathogen of gossypium hirsutum, the main cultivated species). these elite traits are difficult to be introduced into g. hirsutum through classical breeding methods. in addition, genetic transformation of g. barbadense has not been successfully performed. it is therefore important to develop methods for eval ...201324023833
cotton ghmpk6a negatively regulates osmotic tolerance and bacterial infection in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana, and plays a pivotal role in development.mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades play important roles in the perception of external signals and the generation of suitable responses. cotton (gossypium hirsutum) is an important fibre-producing and oil-producing crop worldwide. however, few mapks and their interaction partners have been functionally characterized in cotton. in the present study, the group a mapk g. hirsutum (gh)mpk6a was identified and characterized. ghmpk6a expression can be induced through multiple defence-rela ...201323957843
the cotton transcription factor tcp14 functions in auxin-mediated epidermal cell differentiation and elongation.plant-specific teosinte-branched1/cycloidea/pcf (tcp) transcription factors play crucial roles in development, but their functional mechanisms remain largely unknown. here, we characterized the cellular functions of the class i tcp transcription factor ghtcp14 from upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum). ghtcp14 is expressed predominantly in fiber cells, especially at the initiation and elongation stages of development, and its expression increased in response to exogenous auxin. induced heterologou ...201323715527
wuschel overexpression promotes somatic embryogenesis and induces organogenesis in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) tissues cultured in vitro.this work shows that overexpression of the wus gene from arabidopsis enhanced the expression of embryogenic competence and triggered organogenesis from some cells of the regenerated embryo-like structures. agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of cotton was described in the late 1980s, but is still time consuming and largely genotype dependant due to poor regeneration. to help solve this bottleneck, we over-expressed the wuschel (wus) gene, a homeobox transcription factor cloned in arabi ...201323543366
overexpression of a cotton gene that encodes a putative transcription factor of ap2/erebp family in arabidopsis affects growth and development of transgenic plants.in the study, a gene encoding a putative ethylene response factor of ap2/erebp family was isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and designated as gherf12. sequence alignment showed that gherf12 protein contains a central ap2/erf domain (58 amino acids) with two functional conserved amino acid residues (ala14 and asp19). transactivation assay indicated that gherf12 displayed strong transcription activation activity in yeast cells, suggesting that this protein may be a transcriptional activato ...201324194949
ghcax3 gene, a novel ca(2+)/h(+) exchanger from cotton, confers regulation of cold response and aba induced signal transduction.as a second messenger, ca(2+) plays a major role in cold induced transduction via stimulus-specific increases in [ca(2+)]cyt, which is called calcium signature. during this process, caxs (ca(2+)/h(+) exchangers) play critical role. for the first time, a putative ca(2+)/h(+) exchanger ghcax3 gene from upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum cv. 'yz-1') was isolated and characterized. it was highly expressed in all tissues of cotton except roots and fibers. this gene may act as a regulator in cotton's r ...201323776653
cotton plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2s (pip2s) selectively interact to regulate their water channel activities and are required for fibre development.aquaporins are thought to be associated with water transport and play important roles in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibre elongation. among aquaporins, plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (pips) constitute a plasma-membrane-specific subfamily and are further subdivided into pip1 and pip2 groups. in this study, four fibre-preferential ghpip2 genes were functionally characterized. the selective interactions among ghpip2s and their interaction proteins were studied in detail to elucidate the molecu ...201323656428
a cotton gene encoding myb-like transcription factor is specifically expressed in pollen and is involved in regulation of late anther/pollen development.in flowering plants, pollen development is a highly programmed process, in which a lot of genes are involved. in this study, a gene, designated as ghmyb24, encoding r2r3-myb-like protein was isolated from cotton. ghmyb24 protein is localized in the cell nucleus and acts as a transcriptional activator. northern blot analysis revealed that ghmyb24 transcripts were predominantly detected in anthers. it was further found that strong expression of ghmyb24 was mainly detected in pollen and was regulat ...201323447105
a cotton gene encoding a plasma membrane aquaporin is involved in seedling development and in response to drought stress.cotton (gossypium hirsutum), the most important textile crop worldwide, often encounters abiotic stress such as drought and waterlog during its growth season (summer), and its productivity is significantly limited by adverse factors. to investigate the molecular adaptation mechanisms of this plant species to abiotic stress, a gene encoding the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (pip) was isolated in cotton, and designated as ghpip2;7. quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction a ...201323178915
cloning and functional analysis of a novel ascorbate peroxidase (apx) gene from anthurium andraeanum.an 888-bp full-length ascorbate peroxidase (apx) complementary dna (cdna) gene was cloned from anthurium andraeanum, and designated as anapx. it contains a 110-bp 5'-noncoding region, a 28-bp 3'-noncoding region, and a 750-bp open reading frame (orf). this protein is hydrophilic with an aliphatic index of 81.64 and its structure consisting of α-helixes, β-turns, and random coils. the anapx protein showed 93%, 87%, 87%, 87%, and 86% similarities to the apx homologs from zantedeschia aethiopica, v ...201324302711
genetic transformation of cotton with a harpin-encoding gene hpaxoo confers an enhanced defense response against verticillium dahliae kleb.the soil-borne fungal pathogen verticillium dahliae kleb causes verticillium wilt in a wide range of crops including cotton (gossypium hirsutum). to date, most upland cotton varieties are susceptible to v. dahliae and the breeding for cotton varieties with the resistance to verticillium wilt has not been successful. hpa1xoo is a harpin protein from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae which induces the hypersensitive cell death in plants. when hpa1xoo was transformed into the susceptible cotton line z3 ...201323143497
a fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein, ghfla1, is involved in fiber initiation and elongation of cotton.arabinogalactan proteins (agps) are involved in many aspects of plant development. in this study, biochemical and genetic approaches demonstrated that agps are abundant in developing fibers and may be involved in fiber initiation and elongation. to further investigate the role of agps during fiber development, a fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein gene (ghfla1) was identified in cotton (gossypium hirsutum). overexpression of ghfla1 in cotton promoted fiber elongation, leading to an increase i ...201323349362
extraction and characterization of nanocellulose structures from raw cotton linter.this study aimed to characterize nanocellulose extracted from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) linters. the nanocellulose was subjected to electronic microscopy, thermal analysis, x-ray diffractometry, light scattering, and contact angle. the properties of the nanocellulose are considerably different from the linter. the acidic hydrolyses applied to extract the nanocrystals increased the crystallinity index and the hydrophilicity and decreased the thermal stability. on average, the nanocrystals were ...201323044127
two modified rna extraction methods compatible with transcript profiling and gene expression analysis for cotton roots.efficient isolation of high-quality rna is of prime importance for optimal transcript profiling results and further gene expression analysis. however, it is difficult for cotton roots because of lower-than-average rna content and high content of polysaccharides, polyphenols, and other secondary metabolites. to develop simple and reliable protocols for high-quality rna extraction from cotton roots for transcript profiling and gene expression analysis, some modifications were introduced to a repor ...201323581784
mapping heterotic loci for yield and agronomic traits using chromosome segment introgression lines in cotton.in the present study, a set of chromosome segment introgression lines (csils) using gossypium hirsutum l. tm-1 as the recipient parent and g. barbadense hai7124 as the donor parent were used to explore the genetic basis of heterosis for interspecific hybrids. two sets of f₁ populations individually derived from csils crossing with both parents were configured to investigate heterotic loci (hl) and substitution effect loci (sl). a total of 58 hl and 39 sl were identified in 3 years. one stable hl ...201323570369
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