Publications

abscisic acid: correlations with abscission and with development in the cotton fruit.	abscisic acid was measured in developing cotton fruit (gossypium hirsutum) by means of gas-liquid chromatography. high levels of abscisic acid occurred in correlation with abortion and abscission of young fruit, with low germination of immature seed, and with senescence and dehiscence of mature fruit. declining or low levels of abscisic acid occurred in correlation with the period of most rapid fruit growth and with high germination of immature and mature seed. young fruit of cultivar acala 4-42 ...	1972	16658017
high photosynthetic rate of a chlorophyll mutant of cotton.	in a chlorophyll mutant (virescent) and wild-type cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), a number of photosynthetic parameters have been measured and compared with those published for other chlorophyll mutants. (a) the photosynthetic rates at 230 w/m(2) (400-700 nm) from a tungsten lamp were 36.8 mg co(2) fixed/dm(2).hr (virescent) and 39.5 mg co(2) fixed/dm(2).hr (wild-type). on a chlorphyll basis, the photosynthetic rates were 36.8 and 12.1 mg co(2) fixed/mg chl.hr, respectively. (b) the photosynthet ...	1972	16658093
estimation of the transport and carboxylation components of the intracellular limitation to leaf photosynthesis.	a model is presented which enables gas exchange data to be used to partition the intracellular resistance to leaf photosynthesis into carboxylation and transport components. a basic assumption is that the over-all kinetics of the carboxylation reaction fit the michaelis-menten equation.the model was tested for cotton (gossypium hirsutum l., var. deltapine smoothleaf), where photorespiration was suppressed by using gas mixtures containing less than 1.5% oxygen. it was concluded that the transport ...	1972	16658157
abscission: potentiating action of auxin transport inhibitors.	reduction in petiolar auxin transport has been proposed as one of the functional actions of endogenous or exogenous ethylene as it regulates intact leaf abscission. if this hypothesis is correct, auxin-transport inhibitors should hasten the rate or amount of abscission achieved with a given level of ethylene. evidence presented here indicates that the hypothesis is correct. three auxin transport inhibitors promoted ethylene-induced intact leaf abscission when applied to specific petioles or the ...	1972	16658165
auxin transport: a new synthetic inhibitor.	the new synthetic plant growth regulator dpx1840 (3,3a-dihydro-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-8h-pyrazolo [5,1-a] isoindol-8-one) was examined for its effects on auxin transport. at a concentration of 0.5 mm in the receiver agar cylinders dpx1840 significantly inhibited the basipetal transport of naphthaleneacetic acid-1-(14)c in stem sections of vigna sinensis endl., pisum sativum l., phaseolus vulgaris l., glycine max l., helianthus annuus l., gossypium hirsutum l., and zea mays l. without significantly ...	1972	16658167
phloem translocation and heat-induced callose formation in field-grown gossypium hirsutum l.	phloem translocation rates in field-grown cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) dropped from morning to afternoon and continued to decline toward evening, except that recovery occurred following the hottest afternoon when the maximum temperature was 44 c. water deficits increased from morning to evening, and severity of deficits generally were proportional to daytime heating. water stress contributed toward reducing translocation but was not always the governing factor. callose breakdown appeared to be ...	1972	16658175
temperature dependence of photosynthesis in cotton.	cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum l., var. deltapine smooth leaf) were grown under controlled environmental conditions over a range of day/night temperatures from 20/15 to 40/35 c. their photosynthetic characteristics were then measured over a comparable temperature range. net photosynthesis tended stongly to be greatest, and intracellular resistance to co(2) transport to be lowest, when the measurement temperature corresponded to the daytime growth temperature, suggesting pronounced acclimation ...	1972	16658208
water stress enhances ethylene-mediated leaf abscission in cotton.	abscission of cotyledonary leaves from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. stoneville 213) seedlings occurred following relief from water stress. the amount of abscission was related to the magnitude of the plant water deficit. leaf abscission promoted by exogenous ethylene was enhanced in seedlings subjected to water stress. treatment with ethylene (2.0 to 3.2 microliters of ethylene per liter of air for 24 hours) raised the threshold plant water potential required to induce abscission from -17 t ...	1972	16658258
ethylene: role in fruit abscission and dehiscence processes.	two peaks of ethylene production occur during the development of cotton fruitz (gossypium hirsutum l.). these periods precede the occurrence of young fruit shedding and mature fruit dehiscence, both of which are abscission phenomena and the latter is generally assumed to be part of the total ripening process. detailed study of the dehiscence process revealed that ethylene production of individual, attached cotton fruits goes through a rising, cyclic pattern which reaches a maximum prior to dehis ...	1972	16658259
ethylene: response of fruit dehiscence to co(2) and reduced pressure.	these studies were conducted to determine whether ethylene serves as a natural regulator of fruit wall dehiscence, a major visible feature of ripening in some fruits. we employed treatments to inhibit ethylene action or remove ethylene and observed their effect on fruit dehiscence. co(2) (13%), a competitive inhibitor of ethylene action in many systems, readily delayed dehiscence of detached fruits of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), pecan (carya illinoensis [wang.] k. koch), and okra (hibiscus e ...	1972	16658260
in vivo assay of nitrate reductase in cotton leaf discs: effect of oxygen and ammonium.	factors affecting nitrate reduction by leaf discs of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) were investigated. when incubated in 30 mm nitrate, discs reduced nitrate much more slowly under air or o(2) than under n(2). inhibition by o(2) did not occur at nitrate levels of 100 mm or greater. treatment with arsenate had little effect under n(2) but stimulated nitrate reduction under air. similarly, ammonium inhibited nitrate reduction, with the inhibition being partially relieved by arsenate. uptake of nit ...	1973	16658325
rehydration versus growth-induced water uptake in plant tissues.	experiments show that the rate of water uptake by living tissues external to mature xylem of cotton stems (gossypium hirsutum l. auburn 7-683) is very similar to the corresponding curves for leaf tissue. in both cases one obtains a two-phase curve with phase i corresponding to passive rehydration and phase ii pertaining to active growth.a theory of water movement in plant tissue first proposed by philip allows one to make a more rigorous distinction than made previously between phase i and phase ...	1973	16658427
ethylene, a regulator of young fruit abscission.	in an earlier study we reported that detached cotton flowers produced sufficient ethylene before the period of natural abscission to suggest that ethylene might be a natural regulator of young fruit abscission. the present report explores this probability further. intact cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fruits produced ethylene at rates as high as 36 mul ethylene/kg fresh wt.hr during the 2 days before they abscised. direct measurements of ethylene in gas samples withdrawn from fruits indicated th ...	1973	16658444
studies on the 70s ribosomal content of a plastid mutant in gossypium hirsutum.	analysis of a mutation in cotton (gossypium hirsutum), which is maternally inherited, revealed that the completely white sectors of leaves were deficient in the 70s class ribosomes, whereas the yellow sectors exhibited the same level of the latter as in the green leaves.	1973	16658480
abscission: support for a role of ethylene modification of auxin transport.	three types of whole plant experiments are presented to substantiate the concept that an important function of ethylene in abscission is to reduce the transport of auxin from the leaf to the abscission zone. (a) the inhibitory effect of ethylene on auxin transport, like ethylene-stimulated abscission, persists only as long as the gas is continuously present. cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. stoneville 213) and bean (phaseolus vulgaris l. cv. resistant black valentine) plants placed in 14 mul/l ...	1973	16658489
metabolism of separated leaf cells: iii. effects of calcium and ammonium on product distribution during photosynthesis with cotton cells.	separated mesophyll cells from cotton (gossypium hirsutum var. stoneville 1613 glandless) were isolated with pectinase and mechanical agitation. the separated cells had rates of light-dependent co(2) fixation between 50 to 100 mumoles co(2) per mg chlorophyll per hour. the presence of ca(2+) in the incubation medium did not significantly affect the type of photosynthetic products formed, but 2 mm ca(2+) did cause a 50% decrease in the appearance of photosynthetic products in the incubation mediu ...	1973	16658491
absorption and distribution of high specific radioactivity 2-c-abscisic acid in cotton seedlings.	high specific radioactivity (26.3 mc/mmole) racemic 2-(14)c-abscisic acid was synthesized. an aliquot of abscisic acid, 1.2 x 10(-4)m in aqueous methanolic solution, was applied to the surface of either a cotyledon or the first true leaf of 8- to 32-day-old cotton seedlings (gossypium hirsutum l.). after various intervals (6-192 hours), the seedlings were processed for autoradiography, counting, and identification of the radioactivity. after 6 hours, radioactivity was observed moving basipetally ...	1973	16658580
leaf age and ethylene-induced abscission.	ethylene has been generally credited with promoting the abscission of the oldest leaves on a plant first. vegetative cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seedlings are an exception to this generalization. under some conditions the younger, apical, unexpanded, or partially expanded leaves abscise before the less young, basal leaves or cotyledons. the degree or extent of apical leaf abscission increases with ethylene concentration and with plant age from 2 to 5 weeks. the response is promoted by auxin t ...	1973	16658627
distribution and development of nitrate reductase activity in germinating cotton seedlings.	activity of nitrate reductase in roots and cotyledons of cotton seedings (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. deltapine 16) increased rapidly on germination, reaching a maximum after 1 day of imbibition. thereafter, activity declined until emergence and greening of the cotyledons, when it again began to increase steadily. germinating soybean (glycine max (l.) merrill cv. merit) and sunflower (helianthus annuus l. cv. peredovic) seedlings did not show the early peak of activity. the early peak depended on ...	1974	16658724
the development of isocitric lyase activity in germinating cotton seed.	in cotyledons of germinating cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. var. stoneville 213) seedlings, in the dark, isocitric lyase (ec 4.1.3.1) activity peaks after 2 days and thereafter slowly declines to a negligible value after 8 days. the maximum activity of this enzyme in cotyledons of 2-day-old seedlings was 16.2 mumoles of glyoxylate formed/15 min.10 cotyledon pairs. actinomycin d at a concentration of 10 mug/ml, if added to the imbibing solution, completely prevents the development of isocitric lya ...	1974	16658859
the manganese toxicity of cotton.	cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum. linn. var. sankar 4) were grown at normal and toxic levels of substrate manganese, and the altered metabolism of manganese toxic plants was studied. the tissues of plants exposed to toxic levels of manganese had higher activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, and the activities of catalase, ascorbic acid oxidase, glutathione oxidase and cytochrome c oxidase were lowered. in addition, the high manganese tissue had lower contents of atp and glutathione bu ...	1974	16658924
location of the low temperature water flow barrier in stems.	experiments are described indicating the magnitude and location of the low temperature barrier to lateral water flow in stems of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. ;auburn 7-683'). rehydration of wilted stem tissues was performed at 6 c and 32 c. compared with the 32 c control, a 13-fold increase in the rehydration halftime was recorded at 6 c when water entered the secondary phloem tissues across the vascular cambium from the secondary xylem. however, only a 3-fold increase in the rehydration halfti ...	1974	16658945
oscillations in stomatal conductance: the influence of environmental gain.	it is supposed that oscillations in stomatal conductance are associated with the dynamic properties of the loop in which rate of evaporation affects, through physiological processes, the aperture of stomata and stomatal aperture in turn affects rate of evaporation. it is therefore predicted that their occurrence must be influenced by the magnitude of what is termed environmental gain: the sensitivity of rate of evaporation to change in leaf conductance to vapor transfer. two methods of manipulat ...	1974	16658969
the effect of calcium nutrition of ethylene-induced abscission.	the influence of calcium nutrition on ethylene-induced abscission was studied by growing cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. stoneville 213) and bean (phaseolus vulgaris l. cv. resistant black valentine) plants for several weeks in nutrient solutions containing 2, 10 (normal level), 15, or 20 meq/l of calcium, and then treating the plants with ethylene. increasing the calcium level of cotton from 2 to 20 meq/l resulted in a 9-fold increase in the calcium content of the abscission zone and a maximu ...	1974	16658973
boron deficiency in unfertilized cotton (gossypium hirsutum) ovules grown in vitro.	boron deficiency and phytohormone interactions have been studied in unfertilized cotton (gossypium hirsutum) ovules grown in vitro. such ovules required exogenous indoleacetic acid and/or gibberellic acid for fiber elongation. boron also was required for maintenance of fiber elongation and normal morphogenesis throughout 14 days of culture. the amount of exogenous boron necessary for maximum fiber elongation varied among experiments, presumably in relation to endogenous boron levels at anthesis. ...	1974	16659003
differential regulation of nitrate reductase induction in roots and shoots of cotton plants.	the induction of nitrate reductase activity in root tips of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) was regulated by several amino acids and by ammonium. glycine, glutamine, and asparagine strongly inhibited induction of activity by nitrate and also decreased growth of sterile-cultured roots on a nitrate medium. methionine, serine, and alanine weakly inhibited induction, and 11 other amino acids had little or no effect. ammonium also decreased induction in root tips, but was most effective only at ph 7 o ...	1975	16659046
ethylene-induced leaf abscission is promoted by gibberellic acid.	gibberellic acid (ga(3)) promoted leaf abscission from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants exposed to ethylene. with mature plants, only the rate of abscission was increased, but when vegetative plants were exposed to ethylene for 4 days or less, the amount of abscission was increased markedly. promotion of abscission occurred at near saturating ethylene levels (10 mul/liter), over a wide range of ga(3) concentrations, and with both ga(3) and ga(7).ga(3) promoted abscission when ethephon was s ...	1975	16659072
abscission: the initial effect of ethylene is in the leaf blade.	the leaf blade of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. stoneville 213) was investigated as the initial site of ethylene action in abscission. ethylene applied at 14 mul/l to intact 3-week-old plants caused abscission of the third true leaf within 3 days. however, keeping only the leaf blade of this leaf in air during ethylene treatment of the rest of the plant completely prevented its abscission for up to 7 days. this inhibition of abscission was apparently the result of continued auxin production ...	1975	16659075
carbon dioxide and senescence in cotton plants.	glandless cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. coker 100) were subjected to the influence of high co(2)-bicarbonate. the content of protein decreased with no accompanying increase in its degraded products. the decrease in protein was correlated with the low content of chlorophyll and also with the reduced activity of carbonic anhydrase. the initiation of these correlations coincided with the time when the control leaves contained the highest enzyme activity during leaf growth. the high conce ...	1975	16659113
identification of plant hormones from cotton ovules.	an extract from 8-day-old cotton ovules (gossypium hirsutum l.) was partitioned into three fractions and each fraction was derivatized and analyzed separately. gas-liquid chromatography and computer-controlled gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to separate, measure, and identify the naturally occurring plant hormones. a single extract contained abscisic acid, indoleacetic acid, and gibberellins a(1), a(3), a(4), a(7), a(9), and a(13) in the first fraction; ethyl indole-3-aceta ...	1975	16659120
short interval leaf movements of cotton.	gossypium hirsutum l. cv. lankart plants exhibited three different types of independent short interval leaf movements which were superimposed on the circadian movements. the different types were termed sirv (short interval rhythmical vertical), sihm (short interval horizontal movements), and shake (short stroked sirv). the 36-minute period sirv movements occurred at higher moisture levels. the 176-minute period sihm occurred at lower moisture levels and ceased as the stress increased. the shake ...	1975	16659123
concentration dependencies of some effects of ethylene on etiolated pea, peanut, bean, and cotton seedlings.	the effects of a series of concentrations of ethylene (10, 20, 40, to 10,240 nl/l) on elongation, diameter, and geotropism of the stems and roots of etiolated seedlings of pisum sativum l., arachis hypogea l., phaseolus vulgaris l., and gossypium hirsutum l. were measured or observed. of the 24 possible responses, 4 were unaffected at the concentrations used, 5 were affected slightly, and the remaining responses exhibited a 14-fold range of apparent half-maximum concentration dependencies (i.e. ...	1975	16659145
comparative studies of glyoxysomes from various fatty seedlings.	the separation of various organelles from cotton cotyledon (gossypium hirsutum l.), cucumber cotyledon (cucumis sativus l.), peanut cotyledon (archis hypogaea l.), pine megagametophyte (pinus ponderosa laws), and watermelon cotyledon (citrullus vulgaris schrad.) by sucrose density gradient centrifugation was found to be similar to that described for castor bean endosperm (ricinus communis l.). equilibrium densities were 1.12 to 1.13 g cm(3) for endoplasmic reticulum, 1.17 to 1.19 g/cm(3) for mit ...	1975	16659183
osmoregulation in cotton fiber: accumulation of potassium and malate during growth.	kinetics and osmoregulation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber growth (primarily extension) have been studied. growth is dependent on turgor pressure in the fiber. it is inhibited when a decrease in the water potential of the culture medium due to an addition of carbowax 6000, equals the turgor pressure of the fiber. potassium and malate accumulate in the fiber and reach peak levels when the growth rate is highest. maximum concentrations of potassium and malate reached in the fiber can acco ...	1975	16659311
leaf age as a determinant in stomatal control of water loss from cotton during water stress.	the stomatal resistance of individual leaves of young cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum l. var. stoneville 213) was measured during a period of soil moisture stress under conditions of constant evaporative demand. when plants were subjected to increasing soil water stress, increases in stomatal resistance occurred first on the lower leaves and the stomata on the upper surfaces were the most sensitive to decreasing leaf-water potential. stomatal closure proceeded from the oldest leaves to the you ...	1975	16659351
inhibition of linolenic acid synthesis and modification of chilling resistance in cotton seedlings.	the temperature at which cotton seeds (gossypium hirsutum l.) germinated influenced the fatty acid composition of the polar lipids of developing root tips. seeds were germinated at 15, 20, 25, and 30 c. as the temperature decreased the linolemic acid content of the polar lipid fraction increased. sandoz 9785[4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-phenyl-3(2h)-pyridazinone] reduced the low temperature-induced increase in linolenic acid content of the polar lipids and reduced seedling ability to withstand 8 ...	1976	16659462
water deficit and ethylene evolution by young cotton bolls.	ethylene evolution and abscission of young cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) bolls were shown, in earlier papers, to increase when plants were subjected to conditions that decreased photosynthesis and sugar content of bolls (dim light, long warm nights). moisture stress also increased ethylene evolution by young bolls, but it did not decrease their concentrations of fructose, glucose, or sucrose. when detached bolls were incubated for 16 or 24 hours at high or low humidity, their rate of ethylene e ...	1976	16659491
inhibition of cottonseed germination with abscisic acid and its reversal.	germination of cottonseed (gossypium hirsutum l.) was inhibited by abscisic acid. inhibition was greater when seeds were soaked in abscisic acid for 5 hours and dried prior to germination than when abscisic acid was applied in the germination medium. (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid, gibberellic acid, and kinetin partially overcame the inhibitory action of abscisic acid. combinations of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid with gibberellic acid or kinetin were more effective than the individual substanc ...	1976	16659502
control of enzyme activities in cotton cotyledons during maturation and germination: i. nitrate reductase and isocitrate lyase.	actinomycin d at 10 mug/ml strongly inhibited the increase in isocitrate lyase activity during germination of seeds and 40-day-old embryos of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) when the germination period was preceded by 3 hours of soaking in the inhibitor solution. no inhibition was observed without the presoaking. induction of nitrate reductase activity by nitrate was never inhibited by actinomycin d under the same conditions, and was frequently stimulated about 50%. thus, the method of applying a ...	1976	16659595
in vitro studies of nitrate reductase activity in cotton cotyledons: effects of dowex 1-cl and bsa.	germinating cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. deltapine 16) cotyledons developed two peaks of in vitro nitrate reductase activity; the first was stable in vitro and appeared 24 hours after imbibition; and the second, which was extremely labile in vitro, began to develop after the seedlings had emerged and developed chlorophyll. nitrite reductase activity peaked only after the seedlings had emerged. dowex 1-cl (10%, w/v) and bovine serum albumin (3%, w/v) significantly improved the activity of ex ...	1976	16659629
developmental biochemistry of cottonseed embryogenesis and germination: viii. free amino acid pool composition during cotyledon development.	the composition of the free amino acid pool in embryonic cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cotyledons is quite distinct from that of endosperm, and that of germinated, greened cotyledons is quite distinct from that of leaves. during germination (including the precocious germination of immature seeds), the pool expands considerably showing a pronounced accumulation of asparagine. the high level of asparagine found in seedling roots and in the cotyledon vascular exudate indicates that this is the major ...	1977	16659831
environmental and genetic components of stomatal behavior in two genotypes of upland cotton.	two parental lines of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plus their reciprocal f(1), f(2), and backcross populations were field-tested for environmental and genetic components of leaf diffusive resistance. leaf resistance was measured with a diffusion porometer three times each day during 6 days in august. a large, consistent environmental component was present during the morning, afternoon, and evening, but the genetic component appeared mainly during the afternoon. leaf water potential indi ...	1977	16659850
photosynthesis in relation to leaf characteristics of cotton from controlled and field environments.	in situ and light-saturated net photosynthetic rates per unit leaf area were greater in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants grown in pots in the field than in similar plants from a phytotron growth chamber. light-saturated stomatal resistances did not differ in leaves of similar age and exposure on field and chamber plants; lower photosynthetic rates in chamber leaves were associated with greater mesophyll resistance. differences in net photosynthetic rates were related to differences in leaf ...	1977	16659857
patterns of ethylene and carbon dioxide evolution during cotton explant abscission.	the relationship between abscission and the evolution of ethylene and co(2) was examined in explants and explant segments of cotton seedlings (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. acala sj-1) under both static and flow system conditions, and in the presence and absence of mercuric perchlorate. explant excision was immediately followed by increased ethylene evolution (wound ethylene); senescence was also accompanied by increased ethylene evolution (senescence ethylene). one or two ethylene peaks were found ...	1977	16659877
auxin transport as related to leaf abscission during water stress in cotton.	plant water deficits reduced the basipetal transport of auxin in cotyledonary petiole sections taken from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seedings. a pulse-labeling technique was employed to eliminate complications of uptake or exit of (14)c-indoleacetic acid from the tissue. the transport capacity or the relative amount of radioactivity in a 30-minute pulse which was basipetally translocated was approximately 30% per hour in petioles excised from well watered seedlings (plant water potentials of ...	1977	16659892
abscission responses to moisture stress, auxin transport inhibitors, and ethephon.	the three abscission-inducing agents - water stress, ethephon, and auxin transport inhibitors-acted synergistically to promote leaf fall in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). however, the synergism was primarily between stress and ethephon. auxin transport inhibitors did not promote the effect of stress alone, only promoted the effect of ethephon in well watered plants and gave a very small promotion with stress and ethephon together. abscission was rapid in stressed plants treated with ethephon an ...	1977	16659923
udp-glucose: glucan synthetase in developing cotton fibers: i. kinetic and physiological properties.	a uridine diphosphate(udp)-glucose:glucan synthetase can be demonstrated in detached cotton fibers (gossypium hirsutum l.) and in an isolated particulate fraction from such fibers. when assayed with detached fibers, the kinetics of the glucan synthetase activity with respect to variation in substrate concentration is complex and indicates activation of the enzyme by the substrate. activity is stimulated by ca(2+) or mg(2+) and beta-linked glucosides; the effect of the beta-linked glucosides is t ...	1977	16659924
interaction of boron with components of nucleic acid metabolism in cotton ovules cultured in vitro.	cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) ovules grown in a defined nutrient medium undergo normal morphogenesis, including fiber production. in identical medium lacking boron, ovules callus and accumulate brown substances. boron deficiency-like symptoms were induced by 6-azauracil and 6-azauridine in ovules growing in boron-sufficient media. other nucleoside base analogs either reduced or had no effect on over-all growth, but did not cause typical boron-deficient callus growth of cotton ovules. orotic aci ...	1977	16659987
changes in biochemical composition of the cell wall of the cotton fiber during development.	the composition of the cell wall of the cotton fiber (gossypium hirsutum l. acala sj-1) has been studied from the early stages of elongation (5 days postanthesis) through the period of secondary wall formation, using cell walls derived both from fibers developing on the plant and from fibers obtained from excised, cultured ovules. the cell wall of the elongating cotton fiber was shown to be a dynamic structure. expressed as a weight per cent of the total cell wall, cellulose, neutral sugars (rha ...	1977	16660000
movement and endogenous levels of abscisic acid during water-stress-induced abscission in cotton seedlings.	in an effort to investigate possible involvement of abscisic acid (aba) in foliar abscission processes, its movement and endogenous levels were examined in cotyledons taken from cotton seedlings (gossypium hirsutum l.) subjected to varying degrees of water deficit, a condition which initiates leaf abscission. using a pulse-labeling technique to avoid complications of uptake and exit from the tissue, aba-1-(14)c movement was observed in both basipetal and acropetal directions in cotyledonary peti ...	1977	16660014
ethylene-induced fine structure alterations in cotton and sugarbeet radicle cells.	electron microscopic examination of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) radicles subjected to ethylene at 1, 10, 100 microliters per liter and a saturated ethylene atmosphere showed distinct ultrastructural differences compared to aerobic, control tissue and to anaerobic, nitrogen-treated radicles. short term ethylene treatments of 1 hour induced the formation of cisternal stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum in undifferentiated radicle cells. similar profiles of rou ...	1977	16660025
effects of some organic solvents on ethylene evolution from young cotton bolls.	the presence of promoter(s) of ethylene biosynthesis in young cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fruits (bolls) was demonstrated by injection of an aqueous extract from bolls into other bolls and measurement of a 3-fold increase in rate of ethylene evolution. injection of methionine did not affect rate of ethylene production, indicating that the promoter extracted from bolls was not methionine. injection of the ethoxy analog of rhizobitoxine inhibited ethylene production, indicating that methionine ...	1977	16660111
amino acid interactions in the regulation of nitrate reductase induction in cotton root tips.	glycine, asparagine, and glutamine inhibited the induction by nitrate of nitrate reductase activity in root tips of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). this inhibition was partially or entirely prevented when the inhibitor was applied in combination with any of several other amino acids. studies of (14)c-labeled amino acid uptake showed that, in most cases, the apparent antagonism resulted simply from competition for uptake. however, certain antagonists did not curtail uptake. the most effective of ...	1977	16660116
stomatal and nonstomatal regulation of water use in cotton, corn, and sorghum.	stomata of corn (zea mays l.) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) responded to changes in leaf water potential during the vegetative growth phase. during reproductive growth, leaf resistances were minimal and stomata were no longer sensitive to bulk leaf water status even when leaf water potentials approached -27 bars. stomata of corn, cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), and sorghum appear to respond to changes in the humidity deficit between the leaf and air and in this manner, regulated transpiration ...	1977	16660199
light-dependent emission of hydrogen sulfide from plants.	with the aid of a sulfur-specific flame photometric detector, an emission of volatile sulfur was detected from leaves of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), squash and pumpkin (cucurbita pepo l.), cantaloupe (cucumis melo l.), corn (zea mays l.), soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). the emission was studied in detail in squash and pumpkin. it occurred following treatment of the roots of plants with sulfate and was markedly higher from either detached leaves treated via ...	1978	16660257
evidence that the lipid carrier for n-acetylglucosamine is different from that for mannose in mung beans and cotton fibers.	cell-free enzyme particles from mung beans (phaseolus aureus) or cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fibers catalyze the incorporation of mannose from gdp-[(14)c]mannose and n-acetylglucosamine from udp-[(3)h]-n-acetylglucosamine into polyprenyl-type lipids. these lipids have been synthesized and purified and the lipid moieties compared to each other as well as to dolichyl phosphate and to lipids isolated from similar mannoseand n-acetylglucosamine-containing lipids from liver and aorta.the following ...	1978	16660275
effects of irradiance during growth on adaptive photosynthetic characteristics of velvetleaf and cotton.	we grew velvetleaf (abutilon theophrasti medic.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. var. stoneville 213) at three irradiances and determined the photosynthetic responses of single leaves to a range of six irradiances from 90 to 2000 mueinsteins m(-2)sec(-1). in air containing 21% o(2), velvetleaf and cotton grown at 750 mueinsteins m(-2)sec(-1) had maximum photosynthetic rates of 18.4 and 21.9 mg of co(2) dm(-2)hr(-1), respectively. maximum rates for leaves grown at 320 and 90 mueinsteins m(-2)se ...	1978	16660302
developmental biochemistry of cotton seed embryogenesis and germination: x. nitrogen flow from arginine to asparagine in germination.	the enzymic basis for the flow of nitrogen from arginine to asparagine during the first 3 days of germination has been measured in extracts from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cotyledons. evidence that asparagine synthetase regulates asparagine accumulation in germination (for transport to the axis) is presented. further, evidence that the bulk of the nitrogen passed from one generation to the next in dicots is through an asparagine cycle involving the following sequence asparagine --> arginine --> ...	1978	16660366
factors involved in in vitro stabilization of nitrate reductase from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) cotyledons.	experiments were conducted to determine if pretreatment of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants resulted in differential in vitro stabilities of nitrate reductase (nr) activity. although nr activity declines markedly during the second half of the daily light period, in vitro nr stability is not modified by time of harvest. phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, iodoacetamide, and n-ethylmaleimide do not influence in vitro nr stability, suggesting that serine or sulfhydryl proteases are not responsible f ...	1978	16660371
on the resistance to transpiration of the sites of evaporation within the leaf.	the rates of transpiration from the upper and lower surfaces of leaves of gossypium hirsutum, xanthium strumarium, and zea mays were compared with the rates at which helium diffused across those leaves. there was no evidence for effects of co(2) concentration or rate of evaporation on the resistance to water loss from the evaporating surface ("resistance of the mesophyll wall to transpiration") and no evidence for any significant wall resistance in turgid tissues. the possible existence of a wal ...	1978	16660404
effects of irradiance on relative growth rates, net assimilation rates, and leaf area partitioning in cotton and three associated weeds.	cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. var. ;stoneville 213'), velvetleaf (abutilon theophrasti medic.), redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l.), and hemp sesbania (sesbania exaltata [raf.] cory) were grown in a controlled environment room at 31/25 c day/night temperature and three irradiances: 90, 320, and 750 mueinsteins meter(-2) second(-1). from total dry weights and leaf areas determined at intervals during the first exponential phase of growth, we used mathematical growth analysis techniques to ...	1978	16660454
control of enzyme activities in cotton cotyledons during maturation and germination: ii. glyoxysomal enzyme development in embryos.	the sequence of glyoxysomal enzyme development was investigated in cotyledons of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. deltapine 16) embryos from 16 to 70 days after anthesis (daa). catalase, malate dehydrogenase, and citrate condensing enzyme activities were barely detectable prior to 22 daa, but showed dramatic increases from 22 to 50 daa. development of malate synthase activity, however, was delayed during this period, rising to peak activity from 45 to 50 daa (just prior to desiccation) in the a ...	1978	16660455
effect of abscisic acid on the gain of the feedback loop involving carbon dioxide and stomata.	gains of the feedback loops involving intercellular co(2) concentration on one hand, and co(2) assimilation and stomata on the other (= assimilation loop with gain [g(a)] and conductance loop with gain [g(g)]) were determined in detached leaves of amaranthus powelli s. wats., avena sativa l., gossypium hirsutum l., xanthium strumarium l., and zea mays in the absence and presence of 10(-5)m (+/-) abscisic acid (aba) in the transpiration stream. determinations were made for an ambient co(2) concen ...	1978	16660528
amino acid composition of germinating cotton seeds.	total and free amino acid composition of germinating cotton seeds (gossypium hirsutum l.) was determined. the germinating seeds were separated into cotyledon and developing axis fractions daily and the composition of each tissue was summed to get the whole seed composition. by separating the developing seeds into these two tissue fractions, and determining total and free amino acids, a balance sheet was developed for each amino acid. this technique allowed changes in distribution with time of ea ...	1978	16660553
partitioning of sugar between growth and nitrate reduction in cotton roots.	the level of endogenous sugars was inversely related to nitrate availability in young cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants, with high nitrate causing a greater decline in sugar content of roots than of shoots. high nitrate (low sugar) plants also displayed relatively more shoot growth and less root growth than low nitrate (high sugar) plants. these data are consistent with the theory that roots are poor competitors for sugar, and that sugar supply is a major factor limiting root growth in vivo. ...	1978	16660556
lipid and surface wax synthesis in water-stressed cotton leaves.	the incorporation of [2-(14)c]malonate and [1-(14)c]acetate into internal lipid and surface wax by cotton leaves (gossypium hirsutum l. ;deltapine') having water potentials of -8 to -15 bars (controls) and -19 to -32 bars (water-stressed) was compared. lipid from stressed leaves contained a mean of 57% more radioactivity than corresponding controls for five experiments. acetyl coenzyme a carboxylase was not limiting to fatty acid synthesis in water-stressed cotton leaves at the water potential l ...	1978	16660581
characteristics of sugar uptake in hypocotyls of cotton.	uptake of sucrose and hexoses by cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) hypocotyl segments from free space was shown to be an active, carrier-mediated process. separate carriers existed for hexoses and sucrose. accumulated sugars appeared in both soluble and insoluble fractions of the tissue. at optimum temperature and ph, sucrose uptake rate versus concentration was fit by a rectangular hyperbola with v(max) of 14 micromoles per gram fresh weight per hour and k(m) of 8 mm. sucrose was the principal sug ...	1978	16660623
regulation of sugar uptake in hypocotyls of cotton.	uptake of sucrose and hexoses by hypocotyl segments of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) was shown to be dependent upon sugar level in the tissue. the effect was not related to total sugar level inasmuch as a portion of previously accumulated sugar was without influence on uptake. that portion was presumed to be compartmentalized, most likely in vacuoles. growth regulators modified the uptake pattern apparently through alterations in secondary metabolism. uptake and incorporation were inhibited by ...	1978	16660624
movement of kinetin and gibberellic acid in leaf petioles during water stress-induced abscission in cotton.	movement of [(14)c]kinetin and [(14)c]gibberellic acid was examined in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) cotyledonary petiole sections independent of label uptake or exit from the tissue. sections 20 millimeters in length were taken from well watered, stressed, and poststressed plants. transport capacity was determined using a pulse-chase technique. movement of both kinetin and gibberellic acid was found to be nonpolar with a velocity of 1 millimeter per hour or less, suggesting passive diffusion. ...	1979	16660670
independent control of fiber development and nitrate reduction in cultured cotton ovules.	several lines of evidence implicate ammonium as an important factor in the growth and development of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) ovules cultured in vitro. for example, ovules cultured at 28 c require indoleacetic acid (iaa) and either ammonium or gibberellic acid (ga(3)) in the medium for fiber development, whereas ovules cultured at 34 c require only iaa. because of this effect of ammonium supply, it seemed possible that hormones or increased temperature were also promoting the availability ...	1979	16660693
nature and patterns of proteins during cotton seed development.	patterns of accumulation and ontogenetic relationships among proteins of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seeds were examined between 10 days postanthesis and maturity (56 days). total and extractable nitrogen contents were determined; alkali- and water-soluble proteins were assayed quantitatively and electrophoretically. two alkali-soluble proteins present in the electrophoretogram of mature embryos first appeared at 21 days postanthesis; most of the final profile was established by 28 days. exce ...	1979	16660708
two light sources differentially affected ferric iron reduction and growth of cotton.	in growth chambers, low pressure sodium (lps) plus incandescent (inc) lamps and fluorescent cool-white (fcw) plus inc lamps were used to determine their effects on growth of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and on the reduction of fe(3+) to fe(2+). cotton plants grown under lps + inc light developed chlorosis and grew poorly, whereas plants grown under fcw + inc lights were green. the chlorophyll concentration and top and root weights of cotton grown under lps + inc were lower than those under fcw ...	1979	16660793
salinity effects on leaf anatomy: consequences for photosynthesis.	increasing salinity led to substantially higher ratios of mesophyll surface area to leaf area (a(mes)/a) for phaseolus vulgaris and gossypium hirsutum and a smaller increase for atriplex patula, a salt-tolerant species. the increase in internal surface for co(2) absorption did not lead to higher co(2) uptake rates, since the co(2) resistance expressed on the basis of mesophyll cell wall area (r(cell)) increased even more with salinity. the differences among species in the sensitivity of photosyn ...	1979	16660795
water relations of cotton plants under nitrogen deficiency: i. dependence upon leaf structure.	cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum l.) grown on deficient levels of n exhibited many of the characteristics associated with drought resistance. in n-deficient plants, leaf areas and leaf epidermal cells were smaller than at the same nodes in high-n plants. n-deficient leaves lost only about half as much water per unit change in water potential as did high-n leaves. in addition, they maintained a greater relative water content than high-n leaves at any given potential. osmotic potentials (determin ...	1979	16660996
water relations of cotton plants under nitrogen deficiency: ii. environmental interactions on stomata.	nitrogen deficiency in cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum l.) considerably increased the sensitivity of stomata to water stress. at air temperatures of 27, 35, and >/=40 c, threshold potentials for complete stomatal closure were -10, -15, and -26 bars in n-deficient plants and -20, -20, and -30 bars in high-n plants, respectively. this three-way interaction among n supply, water potential, and air temperature was similar to that exerted on leaf expansion. the effects of n supply on stomatal behav ...	1979	16660997
nutrient influences on leaf photosynthesis: effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for gossypium hirsutum l.	the net rate of co(2) uptake for leaves of gossypium hirsutum l. was reduced when the plants were grown at low concentrations of no(3) (-), po(4) (2-), or k(+). the water vapor conductance was relatively constant for all nutrient levels, indicating little effect on stomatal response. although leaves under nutrient stress tended to be lower in chlorophyll and thinner, the ratio of mesophyll surface area to leaf area did not change appreciably. thus, the reduction in co(2) uptake rate at low nutri ...	1980	16661231
separation and measurement of direct and indirect effects of light on stomata.	conductance for water vapor, assimilation of co(2), and intercellular co(2) concentration of leaves of five species were determined at various irradiances and ambient co(2) concentrations. conductance and assimilation were then plotted as functions of irradiance and intercellular co(2) concentration. the slopes of these curves allowed us to estimate infinitesimal changes in conductance (and assimilation) that occurred when irradiance changed and intercellular co(2) concentration was constant, an ...	1981	16661884
correction of flow resistances of plants measured from covered and exposed leaves.	the difference in water potential between an enclosed nontranspiring leaf and an adjacent exposed transpiring leaf, and the transpiration rate of a similarly exposed leaf, were used to calculate the change in hydraulic resistance of sorghum (sorghum bicolor [l.] moench) and sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) leaves throughout the day and at various rates of transpiration. since cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) leaves enclosed in aluminum foil alone had enclosed leaf water potentials about 0.06 megap ...	1981	16662056
fruit age and changes in abscisic acid content, ethylene production, and abscission rate of cotton fruits.	the relationships of fruit age, abscisic acid (aba) concentration, ethylene evolution, and abscission rates were studied in an effort to determine why cotton (gossypium hirsutum l., cv. deltapine 16) fruits rarely abscise more than 15 days after anthesis. because abscission of cotton fruits is increased by conditions that limit photosynthesis, greenhouse-grown plants with fruits of various ages were placed in dim light for 3 days to induce high rates of fruit abscission. abscission rates, aba co ...	1982	16662207
synthesis and movement of abscisic acid in water-stressed cotton leaves.	synthesis and movement of abscisic acid (aba) into the apoplast of water-stressed cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) leaves were examined using pressure dehydration techniques. the exudates of leaves dehydrated in a pressure chamber contained aba. the level of aba in the exudates was insensitive to the leaf water potential when dehydration occurred over a 3-hour period. when leaves were rapidly dehydrated in the pressure chamber and held at a balance pressure coincident with the point of zero turgor ...	1982	16662258
effect of water stress on cotton leaves : i. an electron microscopic stereological study of the palisade cells.	palisade cells from fully expanded leaves from irrigated and nonirrigated, field grown cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. paymaster 266) were subjected to a microscopic examination to evaluate the effect of water stress on subcellular structures. the water potential difference between the two treatments was 13 bars at the time of sampling. the dimensions of the palisade cells and their density per unit leaf area were determined by light microscopy. palisade cells from stressed plants had the same ...	1982	16662453
emission of hydrogen sulfide by leaf tissue in response to l-cysteine.	leaf discs and detached leaves exposed to l-cysteine emitted a volatile sulfur compound which was proven by gas chromatography to be h(2)s. this phenomenon was demonstrated in all nine species tested (cucumis sativus, cucurbita pepo, nicotiana tabacum, coleus blumei, beta vulgaris, phaseolus vulgaris, medicago sativa, hordeum vulgare, and gossypium hirsutum). the emission of volatile sulfur by cucumber leaves occurred in the dark at a similar rate to that in the light. the emission of leaf discs ...	1982	16662510
water relations of cotton plants under nitrogen deficiency: v. environmental control of abscisic acid accumulation and stomatal sensitivity to abscisic acid.	suboptimal n nutrition increased the water potential for stomatal closure in water stressed cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) leaves. this increased sensitivity to water stress had two components, increased accumulation of abscisic acid (aba) and increased apparent stomatal sensitivity to aba. low n increased the threshold water potentials for stomatal closure and aba accumulation by about 4 bars and 2 bars, respectively. low n also greatly increased stomatal response to low concentrations of exoge ...	1982	16662614
abscisic acid accumulation in cotton leaves in response to dehydration at high pressure.	pressure-volume techniques were utilized to examine the control of abscisic acid (aba) accumulation in dehydrated cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv tamcot sp 37) leaves. leaves were rapidly dehydrated in a pressure chamber to a balance pressure coincident with the loss of cellular turgor, and then the pressure was either maintained at that level or released. rapid accumulation of aba began within two hours after the balance pressure was achieved, whether or not the high pressure potential of the ...	1983	16662842
intracellular distribution of free sugars in quiescent cottonseed.	quiescent cottonseeds (gossypium hirsutum l.) were fractionated non-aqueously to protein bodies and nonparticulate cytoplasm for analyses of sugar contents. nonparticulate cytoplasm was more than 3-fold richer in total free sugars than were protein bodies, but based on the content of cytoplasm in each fraction, sugars were distributed almost equally in them. thin-layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed five sugars: sucrose, raffinose, tetrasaccharides i and ii, and ...	1983	16662892
quantitation of chill-induced release of a tubulin-like factor and its prevention by abscisic acid in gossypium hirsutum l.	the degree of tubulin polymerization in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv acala) cotyledonary tissue was estimated by radioimmunoassay which measured the amount of a tubulin-like factor. it was assumed that the release of this tubulin-like factor indicated depolymerization of microtubules. exposure to chilling resulted in complete release of the tubulin-like factor. pretreatment with abscisic acid in the light almost completely prevented the chill-induced release of the tubulin-like factor. addit ...	1983	16662900
effect of cyanide in dark and light on the membrane potential and the atp level of young and mature green tissues of higher plants.	the effect of cn(-) and n(2) on the electrical membrane potential (e(m)) was compared with that of cn(-) on the atp levels in cotyledons of gossypium hirsutum and in lemna gibba l. in mature cotton tissue, cn(-) depolarized e(m) to the energy-independent diffusion potential (e(d)) in the dark. in the light e(m) recovered transiently. the same was observed in leaves of nicotiana, avena, impatiens, kalanchoë, and in lemna. in contrast, in young cotton cotyledons and tobacco leaves and, to a large ...	1983	16662984
ultrastructural and chemical evidence that the cell wall of green cotton fiber is suberized.	green cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fibers were shown by electron microscopy to have numerous thin concentric rings around the lumen of the cell. these rings possessed a lamellar fine structure characteristic of suberin. lia1d(4) depolymerization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of a suberin polymer in the green cotton with the major aliphatic monomers being omega-hydroxydocosanoic acid (70%) and docosanedoic acid (25%). ordinary white cotton was shown by ch ...	1983	16663251
photosynthetic rate control in cotton : stomatal and nonstomatal factors.	the relationship between single leaf photosynthesis and conductance was examined in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) across a range of environmental conditions. the purpose of this research was to separate and define the degree of stomatal and nonstomatal limitations in the photosynthetic process of field-grown cotton.photosynthetic rates were related to leaf conductance of upper canopy leaves in a curvilinear manner. increases in leaf conductance of co(2) in excess of 0.3 to 0.4 mole per square m ...	1983	16663277
photosynthetic rate control in cotton : photorespiration.	the purpose of this research was to determine the magnitude of photorespiration in field-grown cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) as a function of environmental and plant-related factors. photorespiration rates were estimated as the difference between measured gross and net photosynthetic rates.a linear increase in photorespiration was observed as air temperature increased from 22 to 40 degrees c at saturating photon flux density. at 22 degrees c, photorespiration was less than 15 per cent of net ph ...	1983	16663278
sugar uptake by cotton tissues: leaf disc versus cultured roots.	the tissue accumulation of sucrose, glucose, and fructose has been studied in cultured cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) roots and leaf discs. sucrose uptake by both tissues from high apoplastic concentrations was independent of ph but has a slightly acidic ph optimum from low concentrations. like other higher plant tissues, cotton root cells accumulate sucrose via a ;saturable,' inhibitor-sensitive mechanism and a linear, inhibitor-resistant mechanism. the linear mechanism of sucrose uptake is not ...	1984	16663371
hydraulic conductance as a factor limiting leaf expansion of phosphorus-deficient cotton plants.	suboptimal levels of phosphorus (p) strongly inhibited leaf expansion in young cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants during the daytime, but had little effect at night. the effect of p was primarily on cell expansion. compared to plants grown on high p, plants grown on low p had lower leaf water potentials and transpiration rates, and greater diurnal fluctuations in leaf water potential. hydraulic conductances of excised root systems and of intact transpiring plants were determined from curves r ...	1984	16663629
rhythmicity in ethylene production in cotton seedlings.	cotyledons of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seedlings grown under a photoperiod of 12 hour darkness and 12 hour light showed daily oscillations in ethylene evolution. the rate of ethylene evolution began to increase toward the end of the dark period and reached a maximum rate during the first third of the light period, then it declined and remained low until shortly before the end of the dark period. the oscillations in ethylene evolution occurred in young, mature, and old cotyledons (7 to 21 d ...	1984	16663650
rhythmical changes in the sensitivity of cotton seedlings to herbicides.	cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seedlings that were grown under a photoperiod of 12 hours darkness and 12 hours light showed oscillations in their sensitivity to the herbicides sodium 5-(2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl)-phenoxy)-2-nitrobenzoate (acifluorfen), butyl 2-(4-((5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl)oxy)phenoxy)propanoate (fluazifop) and 3-isopropyl-1h-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3h)-one 2,2-dioxide (bentazon). sensitivity was expressed in appearance of necrotic areas on the cotyledons and in decrease ...	1984	16663835
stomatal responses to water stress and to abscisic acid in phosphorus-deficient cotton plants.	cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants were grown in sand culture on nutrient solution containing adequate or growth-limiting levels of p. when water was withheld from the pots, stomata of the most recently expanded leaf closed at leaf water potentials of approximately -16 and -12 bars in the normal and p-deficient plants, respectively. pressure-volume curves showed that the stomata of p-deficient plants closed when there was still significant turgor in the leaf mesophyll. leaves of p-deficient p ...	1984	16663851
abscisic acid and cutout in cotton.	a decline in growth, flowering, and boll (fruit) retention is referred to as cutout in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). fruit load affects cutout, possibly through hormonal effects. experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that fruits are a source of abscisic acid (aba) that moves into fruiting branches and growing points where it inhibits growth, flowering, and boll retention. removal of the flower or young boll at the first node of fruiting branches did not decrease the aba content of ...	1985	16664000
osmoregulation in cotton in response to water stress : iii. effects of phosphorus fertility.	cotton (gossypium hirsutum) (l.) was grown in a sand and nutrient solution system at two levels of phosphorus (0.5 and 5.0 millimolar). within each phosphorus treatment, plants were either watered daily or acclimated to water stress by subjection to several water stress cycles.stress acclimation increased leaf starch at the low phosphorus level, but not at the high phosphorus level. high phosphorus increased leaf sucrose and glucose concentration in both acclimated and nonacclimated plants, but ...	1985	16664048
involvement of ethylene in the action of the cotton defoliant thidiazuron.	the effect of the defoliant thidiazuron (n-phenyl-n'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea) on endogenous ethylene evolution and the role of endogenous ethylene in thidiazuron-mediated leaf abscission were examined in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv stoneville 519) seedlings. treatment of 20- to 30-day-old seedlings with thidiazuron at concentrations equal to or greater than 10 micromolar resulted in leaf abscission. at a treatment concentration of 100 micromolar, nearly total abscission of the youngest le ...	1985	16664229
accumulation of heat shock proteins in field-grown cotton.	cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants grown under field water deficits exhibited an 80 to 85% reduction in leaf area index, plant height, and dry matter accumulation compared with irrigated controls. midday photosynthetic rates of dryland plants decreased 2-fold, and canopy temperatures increased to 40 degrees c at 80 days after planting compared with canopy temperatures of 30 degrees c for irrigated plants. leaves from dryland plants which had exhibited canopy temperatures of 40 degrees c for s ...	1985	16664252
reversibility of photosynthetic inhibition in cotton after long-term exposure to elevated co(2) concentrations.	cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv stoneville 213) was grown at 350 and 1000 microliters per liter co(2). the plants grown at elevated co(2) concentrations contained large starch pools and showed initial symptoms of visible physical damage. photosynthetic rates were lower than expected based on instantaneous exposure to high co(2).a group of plants grown at 1000 microliters per liter co(2) was switched to 350 microliters per liter co(2). starch pools and photosynthetic rates were monitored in the ...	1985	16664293