| cell wall lignin is polymerised by class iii secretable plant peroxidases in norway spruce. | class iii secretable plant peroxidases occur as a large family of genes in plants with many functions and probable redundancy. in this review we are concentrating on the evidence we have on the catalysis of lignin polymerization by class iii plant peroxidases present in the apoplastic space in the xylem of trees. some evidence exists on the specificity of peroxidase isozymes in lignin polymerization through substrate specificity studies, from antisense mutants in tobacco and poplar and from tiss ... | 2010 | 20377680 |
| distribution of (1->4)-beta-galactans, arabinogalactan proteins, xylans and (1->3)-beta-glucans in tracheid cell walls of softwoods. | polysaccharides were located in the walls of normal and compression wood tracheids of pinus radiata (radiata pine), picea sitchensis (sitka spruce) and picea abies (norway spruce) by transmission electron microscopy using immunogold labelling with monoclonal antibodies to (1-->4)-beta-galactan (lm5), (1-->3)-beta-glucan, arabinogalactan proteins (agps) (mac207) and heteroxylans (lm10 and lm11). in fully differentiated compression wood tracheids, (1-->4)-beta-galactan was found in the s2((l)) lay ... | 2010 | 20382964 |
| the impact of ambient ozone on mountain spruce forests in the czech republic as indicated by malondialdehyde. | malondialdehyde (mda), a product of lipid peroxidation and biomarker of oxidative stress, is measured over the long term in spruce picea abies needles under real conditions in three czech mountain border areas. the trends presented collate the mda content in spruce needles with ambient ozone, temperature and precipitation as casual, and defoliation as a subsequent factor for the period 1994-2006. we have found the overall decreasing trends in mda and defoliation. the highest mda and defoliation ... | 2010 | 20466470 |
| diversity and pathogenicity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with tetropium species colonizing picea abies in poland. | the ophiostomatoid fungi associated with cerambycid beetles tetropium spp. (their symbiotic vectors) colonizing norway spruce in poland (six species collected) were isolated. the virulence of representative isolates was evaluated through inoculations using 2-year-old norway spruce seedlings. a total of 1325 isolates (ophiostoma piceae, o. tetropii, o. minus, grosmannia piceiperda, g. cucullata, and five other less frequent taxa) were obtained. tetropium castaneum and t. fuscum were vectors of si ... | 2010 | 20490757 |
| limitation of the cavitron technique by conifer pit aspiration. | the cavitron technique facilitates time and material saving for vulnerability analysis. the use of rotors with small diameters leads to high water pressure gradients (deltap) across samples, which may cause pit aspiration in conifers. in this study, the effect of pit aspiration on cavitron measurements was analysed and a modified 'conifer method' was tested which avoids critical (i.e. pit aspiration inducing) deltap. four conifer species were used (juniperus communis, picea abies, pinus sylvestr ... | 2010 | 20551085 |
| distribution of lignin and its coniferyl alcohol and coniferyl aldehyde groups in picea abies and pinus sylvestris as observed by raman imaging. | wood cell wall consists of several structural components, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, whose concentrations vary throughout the cell wall. it is a composite where semicrystalline cellulose fibrils, acting as reinforcement, are bound together by amorphous hemicelluloses and lignin matrix. understanding the distribution of these components and their functions within the cell wall can provide useful information on the biosynthesis of trees. raman imaging enables us to study chemist ... | 2011 | 21632083 |
| effect of 3 years' free-air exposure to elevated ozone on mature norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) needle epicuticular wax physicochemical characteristics. | we examined the effect of ozone (o(3)) on norway spruce (picea abies) needle epicuticular wax over three seasons at the kranzberg ozone fumigation experiment. exposure to 2x ambient o(3) ranged from 64.5 to 74.2 microl o(3) l(-1) h aot40, and 117.1 to 123.2 nl o(3) l(-1) 4th highest daily maximum 8-h average o(3) concentration. the proportion of current-year needle surface covered by wax tubes, tube aggregates, and plates decreased (p=0.011) under 2x o(3). epistomatal chambers had increased depo ... | 2009 | 19188008 |
| application of methyl jasmonate on picea abies (pinaceae) stems induces defense-related responses in phloem and xylem. | application of 100 mmol/l methyl jasmonate (mj) to the intact bark of 30-yr-old norway spruce induced anatomical reactions related to defense. within 30 d, a single mj treatment induced swelling of existing polyphenolic parenchyma cells (pp cells) and an increase in their phenolic contents and formation of additional pp cells and of traumatic resin ducts (tds) at the cambial zone. these changes occurred up to 7 cm away from the application zone. treatment enhanced resin flow and increased resist ... | 2002 | 21665658 |
| first evidence of established populations of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus (acari: ixodidae) in sweden. | the tick species ixodes ricinus and i. persulcatus are of exceptional medical importance in the western and eastern parts, respectively, of the palaearctic region. in russia and finland the range of i. persulcatus has recently increased. in finland the first records of i. persulcatus are from 2004. the apparent expansion of its range in finland prompted us to investigate if i. persulcatus also occurs in sweden. | 2016 | 27370406 |
| the effect of tree architecture on conduit diameter and frequency from small distal roots to branch tips in betula pendula, picea abies and pinus sylvestris. | we studied the effect of tree architecture on xylem anatomy in three betula pendula roth., three picea abies (l.) h. karst. and three pinus sylvestris (l.) trees (mean age 35 years). first, the analysis of conduit anatomy in different tree parts showed that conduits tapered and their frequency increased from roots (≥ 2 mm) to stem, from stem to branches and further to leaf petioles in b. pendula. conduit anatomy in lateral and main roots, as well as lateral and main branches, significantly diffe ... | 2010 | 21030407 |
| taxonomic re-evaluation of three related species of graphium, based on morphology, ecology and phylogeny. | two fungi associated with bark beetles, graphium pseudormiticum (described in 1994) and rhexographium fimbriisporum (described in 1995), have two micromorphological characters in common. both species produce conidia with conspicuous basal frills, and the conidia align in chains, despite being produced in slime. the association of g. pseudormiticum with the pine bark beetle, orthotomicus erosus, and the association of r. fimbriisporum with the spruce bark beetle, ips typographus, suggest ecologic ... | 2003 | 21148980 |
| Induced terpene accumulation in Norway spruce inhibits bark beetle colonization in a dose-dependent manner. | Tree-killing bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) are among the most economically and ecologically important forest pests in the northern hemisphere. Induction of terpenoid-based oleoresin has long been considered important in conifer defense against bark beetles, but it has been difficult to demonstrate a direct correlation between terpene levels and resistance to bark beetle colonization. | 2011 | 22028932 |
| sea sand disruption method (ssdm) as a valuable tool for isolating essential oil components from conifers. | essential oils are one of nature's most precious gifts with surprisingly potent and outstanding properties. coniferous oils, for instance, are nowadays being used extensively to treat or prevent many types of infections, modify immune responses, soothe inflammations, stabilize moods, and to help ease all forms of non-acute pain. given the broad spectrum of usage of coniferous essential oils, a fast, safe, simple, and efficient sample-preparation method is needed in the estimation procedure of es ... | 2011 | 22083917 |
| in vitro fungistatic effects of natural coniferous resin from norway spruce (picea abies). | resins (rosin, pitch) are natural products of the coniferous trees and are antimicrobial against a wide range of microbes. the antifungal effectiveness of resin, purified from norway spruce (picea abies), was studied against human pathogenic fungi and yeasts with the agar plate diffusion tests and electron microscopy (em). the fungistatic effect of these resin mixtures (resin salves) was tested against a set of candida yeasts, dermatophytes, and opportunistic fungi. transmission and scanning em ... | 2011 | 22179415 |
| below-ground carbon allocation in mature beech and spruce trees following long-term, experimentally enhanced o3 exposure in southern germany. | canopies of adult european beech (fagus sylvatica) and norway spruce (picea abies) were labeled with co(2) depleted in (13)c to evaluate carbon allocation belowground. one-half the trees were exposed to elevated o(3) for 6 yrs prior to and during the experiment. soil-gas sampling wells were placed at 8 and 15 cm and soil co(2) was sampled during labeling in mid-late august, 2006. in beech, delta(13)co(2) at both depths decreased approximately 50 h after labeling, reflecting rapid translocation o ... | 2010 | 20641169 |
| impacts of changing climate on the productivity of norway spruce dominant stands with a mixture of scots pine and birch in relation to water availability in southern and northern finland. | a process-based ecosystem model was used to assess the impacts of changing climate on net photosynthesis and total stem wood growth in relation to water availability in two unmanaged norway spruce (picea abies) dominant stands with a mixture of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) and birch (betula sp.). the mixed stands were grown over a 100-year rotation (2000-99) in southern and northern finland with initial species shares of 50, 25 and 25% for norway spruce, scots pine and birch, respectively. in a ... | 2011 | 21436231 |
| erwinia typographi sp. nov., isolated from bark beetle (ips typographus) gut. | a gram-negative bacterium was isolated from adult bark beetle ips typographus (coleoptera, scolytidae) gut as being the most resistant to monoterpene myrcene (7-methyl-3-methylene-1.6-octadiene, c10h16, concentration up to 10╬╝l/ml of tsb). the beetles were collected in the bark of norway spruce (picea abies) in lithuania. the bark beetles feed on conifers, which produce myrcene among many other defensive compounds. supposedly the microorganisms within the gut could be involved in beetle's resis ... | 2011 | 21669921 |
| leaf litter leachates have the potential to increase lifespan, body size, and offspring numbers in a clone of moina macrocopa. | leaf litter processing is one major pathway of the global organic carbon cycle. during this process, a variety of small reactive organic compounds are released and transported to the aquatic environment, and may directly impact aquatic organisms as natural xenobiotics. we hypothesize that different forest stockings produce different leachate qualities, which in turn, stress the aquatic communities and, eventually, separate sensitive from tolerant species. particularly, leachates from coniferous ... | 2011 | 22115468 |
| heterogonous expression and characterization of a plant class iv chitinase from the pitcher of the carnivorous plant nepenthes alata. | a class iv chitinase belonging to the gh19 family from nepenthes alata (nachit1) was expressed in escherichia coli. the enzyme exhibited weak activity toward polymeric substrates and significant activity toward (glcnac)(n) (n=4-6). the enzyme hydrolyzed the third and fourth glycosidic linkages from the non-reducing end of (glcnac)(6). the ph optimum of the enzymatic reaction was 5.5 at 37°c. the optimal temperature for activity was 60°c in 50 mm sodium acetate buffer (ph 5.5). the anomeric form ... | 2011 | 21930651 |
| cycles in voles and small game in relation to variations in plant production indices in northern sweden. | population dynamics for voles (cricetidae), tengmalm's owl (aegolius funereus (l.)), red fox (vulpes vulpes (l.)) willow grouse (lagopus lagopus (l.)), black grouse (lyrurus tetrix (l.)), capercaillie (tetrao urogallus l.), hazel hen (tetrastes bonasia (l.)), mountain hare (lepus timidus l.) and tularemia (francisella tularensis (mccoy & chapin)) and game bird recruitment were studied by index methods in northern sweden. in addition contemporary temperature records and spruce (picea abies (l.) k ... | 1986 | 28311702 |
| The pathogenic white-rot fungus Heterobasidion parviporum triggers non-specific defence responses in the bark of Norway spruce. | Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] is one of the economically most important conifer species in Europe. The major pathogen on Norway spruce is Heterobasidion parviporum (Fr.) Niemelä & Korhonen. To achieve a better understanding of Norway spruce's defence mechanisms, transcriptional responses in bark to H. parviporum infection were compared with the response to wounding using cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism. The majority of the recovered transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) showe ... | 2011 | 22084022 |
| different atmospheric methane-oxidizing communities in european beech and norway spruce soils. | norway spruce (picea abies) forests exhibit lower annual atmospheric methane consumption rates than do european beech (fagus sylvatica) forests. in the current study, pmoa (encoding a subunit of membrane-bound ch(4) monooxygenase) genes from three temperate forest ecosystems with both beech and spruce stands were analyzed to assess the potential effect of tree species on methanotrophic communities. a pmoa sequence difference of 7% at the derived protein level correlated with the species-level di ... | 2010 | 20348309 |
| status of the southern carpathian forests in the long-term ecological research network. | air pollution, bulk precipitation, throughfall, soil condition, foliar nutrients, as well as forest health and growth were studied in 2006-2009 in a long-term ecological research (lter) network in the bucegi mountains, romania. ozone (o(3)) was high indicating a potential for phytotoxicity. ammonia (nh(3)) concentrations rose to levels that could contribute to deposition of nutritional nitrogen (n) and could affect biodiversity changes. higher that 50% contribution of acidic rain (ph < 5.5) cont ... | 2012 | 22234644 |
| the primary products of the norway spruce diterpene synthase palas are epimers of a thermally unstable diterpenol. | the levopimaradiene/abietadiene synthase from norway spruce (picea abies) (palas) has previously been reported to produce a mixture of four diterpene hydrocarbons when incubated with geranylgeranyl diphosphate as the substrate: levopimaradiene, abietadiene, neoabietadiene, and palustradiene. however, variability in the assay products observed by gc-ms of this and orthologous conifer diterpene synthases over the past 15 years suggested that these diterpenes may not be the initial enzyme assay pro ... | 2011 | 21518766 |
| quantitative evolution of transposable and satellite dna sequences in picea species. | clones containing tandemly arranged repeats belonging to two distinct sequence families, (i) pag004p22f (2f) and pag004e03c (3c) or (ii) ty3/gypsy- (8r; pag004b08r) and ty1/copia-like sequences (9r; pag007f19r), were selected from a randomly sheared total genomic dna library of picea abies . the inserts were used as probes in dot-blot hybridizations to genomic dna of p. abies, picea orientalis , picea pungens , and picea pungens var. glauca. all these entities are diploid and share the same chro ... | 2011 | 21539442 |
| embryogenic potential and expression of embryogenesis-related genes in conifers are affected by treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor. | somatic embryogenesis is used for vegetative propagation of conifers. embryogenic cultures can be established from zygotic embryos; however, the embryogenic potential decreases during germination. in arabidopsis, leafy cotyledon (lec) genes are expressed during the embryonic stage, and must be repressed to allow germination. treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin a (tsa) causes de-repression of lec genes. abscisic acid3 (abi3) and its zea mays ortholog viviparous1 (vp1) ac ... | 2011 | 21541665 |
| network analysis reveals ecological links between n-fixing bacteria and wood-decaying fungi. | nitrogen availability in dead wood is highly restricted and associations with n-fixing bacteria are thought to enable wood-decaying fungi to meet their nitrogen requirements for vegetative and generative growth. we assessed the diversity of nifh (dinitrogenase reductase) genes in dead wood of the common temperate tree species fagus sylvatica and picea abies from differently managed forest plots in germany using molecular tools. by incorporating these genes into a large compilation of published n ... | 2014 | 24505405 |
| population dynamics in changing environments: the case of an eruptive forest pest species. | in recent decades we have seen rapid and co-occurring changes in landscape structure, species distributions and even climate as consequences of human activity. such changes affect the dynamics of the interaction between major forest pest species, such as bark beetles (coleoptera: curculionidae, scolytinae), and their host trees. normally breeding mostly in broken or severely stressed spruce; at high population densities some bark beetle species can colonise and kill healthy trees on scales rangi ... | 2011 | 21557798 |
| the hydraulic conductivity of the xylem in conifer needles (picea abies and pinus mugo). | main resistances of the plant water transport system are situated in leaves. in contrast to angiosperm leaves, knowledge of conifer needle hydraulics and of the partitioning of resistances within needles is poor. a new technique was developed which enabled flow-meter measurements through needles embedded in paraffin and thus quantification of the specific hydraulic conductivity (k(s)) of the needle xylem. in picea abies, xylem k(s) of needle and axes as well as in needles of different age were c ... | 2011 | 21593348 |
| fine root decomposition rates do not mirror those of leaf litter among temperate tree species. | elucidating the function of and patterns among plant traits above ground has been a major research focus, while the patterns and functioning of belowground traits remain less well understood. even less well known is whether species differences in leaf traits and their associated biogeochemical effects are mirrored by differences in root traits and their effects. we studied fine root decomposition and n dynamics in a common garden study of 11 temperate european and north american tree species (ab ... | 2010 | 19882174 |
| refined spruce resin to treat chronic wounds: rebirth of an old folkloristic therapy. | significance: the treatment of chronic wounds results in an enormous drain on healthcare resources in terms of workload, costs, frustration, and impaired quality of life, and it presents a clinical challenge for physicians worldwide. effective local treatment of a chronic wound has an important role, particularly in patients who are-because of their poor general condition, diminished life expectancy, or unacceptable operative risk-outside of surgical treatment. recent advances: since 2002, our m ... | 2016 | 27134764 |
| norway spruce (picea abies) genetic transformation with modified cry3a gene of bacillus thuringiensis. | modified versions of the cry3a gene of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) were transferred into norway spruce (picea abies). both the biolistic approach and agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated procedure were employed for transformation of embryogenic tissue (et) cultures. the latter method proved to be more efficient yielding 70 transgenic embryogenic tissue lines compared with 18 lines obtained by biolistics. the modified cry3a genes were driven by a 35s promoter and the nptii screenable selection mark ... | 2013 | 23888296 |
| within-population variation in susceptibility to agrobacterium tumefaciens a281 in picea abies (l.) karst. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic variation of susceptibility to agrobacterium within a picea abies population. tumor formation was studied in 16 open-pollinated families belonging to a central swedish population of picea abies. strain a281 of agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to infect 3-monthold seedlings in a five-block greenhouse experiment. the analysis of variance showed strong significance for the between-family variation of tumor-formation percentages, varying fro ... | 1990 | 24226580 |
| biochemical characterization and homology modeling of methylbutenol synthase and implications for understanding hemiterpene synthase evolution in plants. | 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (mbo) is a five-carbon alcohol produced and emitted in large quantities by many species of pine native to western north america. mbo is structurally and biosynthetically related to isoprene and can have an important impact on regional atmospheric chemistry. the gene for mbo synthase was identified from pinus sabiniana, and the protein encoded was functionally characterized. mbo synthase is a bifunctional enzyme that produces both mbo and isoprene in a ratio of ∼90:1. divale ... | 2011 | 21504898 |
| potato crop as a source of emetic bacillus cereus and cereulide-induced mammalian cell toxicity. | bacillus cereus, aseptically isolated from potato tubers, were screened for cereulide production and for toxicity on human and other mammalian cells. the cereulide-producing isolates grew slowly, the colonies remained small (~1 mm), tested negative for starch hydrolysis, and varied in productivity from 1 to 100 ng of cereulide mg (wet weight)(-1) (~0.01 to 1 ng per 10(5) cfu). by dna-fingerprint analysis, the isolates matched b. cereus f5881/94, connected to human food-borne illness, but were di ... | 2013 | 23524678 |
| population dynamics and genetic changes of picea abies in the south carpathians revealed by pollen and ancient dna analyses. | studies on allele length polymorphism designate several glacial refugia for norway spruce (picea abies) in the south carpathian mountains, but infer only limited expansion from these refugia after the last glaciation. to better understand the genetic dynamics of a south carpathian spruce lineage, we compared ancient dna from 10,700 and 11,000-year-old spruce pollen and macrofossils retrieved from holocene lake sediment in the retezat mountains with dna extracted from extant material from the sam ... | 2011 | 21392386 |
| using laser micro-dissection and qrt-pcr to analyze cell type-specific gene expression in norway spruce phloem. | the tangentially oriented polyphenolic parenchyma (pp) and radially organized ray parenchyma in the phloem are central in the defense of conifer stems against insects and pathogens. laser micro-dissection enables examination of cell-specific defense responses. to examine induced defense responses in norway spruce stems inoculated with the necrotrophic blue-stain fungus ceratocystis polonica, rna extracted from laser micro-dissected phloem parenchyma and vascular cambium was analyzed using real-t ... | 2014 | 24860697 |
| flavan-3-ols in norway spruce: biosynthesis, accumulation, and function in response to attack by the bark beetle-associated fungus ceratocystis polonica. | proanthocyanidins (pas) are common polyphenolic polymers of plants found in foliage, fruit, bark, roots, rhizomes, and seed coats that consist of flavan-3-ol units such as 2,3-trans-(+)-catechin and 2,3-cis-(-)-epicatechin. although the biosynthesis of flavan-3-ols has been studied in angiosperms, little is known about their biosynthesis and ecological roles in gymnosperms. in this study, the genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase, a branch point enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of 2,3-t ... | 2014 | 24550241 |
| a common fungal associate of the spruce bark beetle metabolizes the stilbene defenses of norway spruce. | norway spruce (picea abies) forests suffer periodic fatal attacks by the bark beetle ips typographus and its fungal associate, ceratocystis polonica. norway spruce protects itself against fungal and bark beetle invasion by the production of terpenoid resins, but it is unclear whether resins or other defenses are effective against the fungus. we investigated stilbenes, a group of phenolic compounds found in norway spruce bark with a diaryl-ethene skeleton with known antifungal properties. during ... | 2013 | 23729780 |
| localization of phenolics in phloem parenchyma cells of norway spruce (picea abies). | norway spruce (picea abies) bark contains specialized phloem parenchyma cells that swell and change their contents upon attack by the bark beetle ips typographus and its microbial associate, the blue stain fungus ceratocystis polonica. these cells exhibit bright autofluorescence after treatment with standard aldehyde fixatives, and so have been postulated to contain phenolic compounds. laser microdissection of spruce bark sections combined with cryogenic nmr spectroscopy demonstrated significant ... | 2012 | 23150460 |
| carbon partitioning to the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway enables heterologous β-phellandrene production in escherichia coli cultures. | escherichia coli was used as a microbial system for the heterologous synthesis of β-phellandrene, a monoterpene of plant origin with several potential commercial applications. expression of lavandula angustifolia β-phellandrene synthase (phls), alone or in combination with picea abies geranyl-diphosphate synthase in e. coli, resulted in no β-phellandrene accumulation, in sharp contrast to observations with phls-transformed cyanobacteria. lack of β-phellandrene biosynthesis in e. coli was attribu ... | 2014 | 25116411 |
| fungal symbionts of the spruce bark beetle synthesize the beetle aggregation pheromone 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. | tree-killing bark beetles depend on aggregation pheromones to mass-attack their host trees and overwhelm their resistance. the beetles are always associated with phytopathogenic ophiostomatoid fungi that probably assist in breaking down tree resistance, but little is known about if or how much these fungal symbionts contribute to the beetles' aggregation behavior. in this study, we determined the ability of four major fungal symbionts of the spruce bark beetle ips typographus to produce beetle a ... | 2015 | 26302987 |
| galactoglucomannan extracted from spruce (picea abies) as a carbohydrate source for probiotic bacteria. | a prebiotic is a nonviable food component that confers a health benefit on the host associated with modulation of the microbiota. hemicelluloses are the second most common group of polysaccharides in nature and they occur in plant cell walls. the predominant hemicellulose in softwood species is galactoglucomannan, and based on its chemical structure and information available about similar saccharides, galactoglucomannan may be postulated to have prebiotic properties. in this study we demonstrate ... | 2012 | 23067113 |
| the primary module in norway spruce defence signalling against h. annosum s.l. seems to be jasmonate-mediated signalling without antagonism of salicylate-mediated signalling. | a key tree species for the forest industry in europe is norway spruce [picea abies (l.) karst.]. one of its major diseases is stem and butt rot caused by heterobasidion parviporum (fr.) niemelä & korhonen, which causes extensive revenue losses every year. in this study, we investigated the parallel induction of norway spruce genes presumably associated with salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid/ethylene-mediated signalling pathways previously observed in response to h. parviporum. relative gene expr ... | 2013 | 23223898 |
| occurrence and impact of the root-rot biocontrol agent phlebiopsis gigantea on soil fungal communities in picea abies forests of northern europe. | the aim of this study was to assess belowground occurrence, persistence and possible impact of the biocontrol agent phlebiopsis gigantea (fr.) jülich on soil fungi. sampling of soil and roots of picea abies (l.) h. karst. was carried out at 12 p. gigantea-treated and five nontreated control sites representing 1- to 60-month-old clear-cuts and thinned forest sites in finland and latvia. the 454-sequencing of its rrna from fine roots, humus and mineral soil resulted in 8626 high-quality fungal seq ... | 2012 | 22443512 |
| host species and strain combination determine growth reduction of spruce and birch seedlings colonized by root-associated dark septate endophytes. | interactions of betula pendula and picea abies with dark septate endophytes of the phialocephala fortinii-acephala applanata species complex (pac) were studied. pac are ubiquitous fungal root symbionts of many woody plant species but their ecological role is largely unknown. sterile birch and spruce seedlings in monoculture and mixed culture were exposed to four pac strains, added either singularly or paired in all possible combinations at 18°c and 23°c. plant and fungal biomass was determined a ... | 2011 | 22212126 |
| the bark-beetle-associated fungus, endoconidiophora polonica, utilizes the phenolic defense compounds of its host as a carbon source. | norway spruce (picea abies) is periodically attacked by the bark beetle ips typographus and its fungal associate, endoconidiophora polonica, whose infection is thought to be required for successful beetle attack. norway spruce produces terpenoid resins and phenolics in response to fungal and bark beetle invasion. however, how the fungal associate copes with these chemical defenses is still unclear. in this study, we investigated changes in the phenolic content of norway spruce bark upon e. polon ... | 2016 | 27208235 |
| a genome-wide association study identifies genomic regions for virulence in the non-model organism heterobasidion annosum s.s. | the dense single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) panels needed for genome wide association (gwa) studies have hitherto been expensive to establish and use on non-model organisms. to overcome this, we used a next generation sequencing approach to both establish snps and to determine genotypes. we conducted a gwa study on a fungal species, analysing the virulence of heterobasidion annosum s.s., a necrotrophic pathogen, on its hosts picea abies and pinus sylvestris. from a set of 33,018 single nucle ... | 2013 | 23341945 |
| a homeobox gene with potential developmental control function in the meristem of the conifer picea abies. | many homeobox genes control essential developmental processes in animals and plants. in this report, we describe the first cdna corresponding to a homeobox gene isolated from a gymnosperm, the hbk1 gene from the conifer picea abies (l.) karst (norway spruce). the sequence shows distinct similarities specifically to the knox (knotted-like homeobox) class of homeobox genes known from different angiosperm plants. the deduced amino acid sequence of hbk1 is strikingly similar within the homeodomain ( ... | 1998 | 9844025 |
| epidihydropinidine, the main piperidine alkaloid compound of norway spruce (picea abies) shows promising antibacterial and anti-candida activity. | this study reports for the first time promising antibacterial and antifungal effects of epidihydropinidine, the major piperidine alkaloid in the needles and bark of norway spruce, picea abies (l.) karsten. epidihydropinidine was growth inhibitory against all bacterial and fungal strains used in our investigation, showing the lowest mic value of 5.37μg/ml against pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococcus faecalis, candida glabrata and c. albicans. epidihydropinidine was nearly three times more active ... | 2017 | 28163074 |
| comparison of δ(18)o and δ(13)c values between tree-ring whole wood and cellulose in five species growing under two different site conditions. | we investigated the applicability of tree-ring whole-wood material for δ(18)o and δ(13)c analysis in comparison with the more time- and resource-intensive use of cellulose, by considering possible variability between (i) five different tree species (fagus sylvatica, quercus robur, picea abies, abies alba, pseudotsuga menziesii), (ii) two sites that differ in soil moisture, and (iii) climate conditions within a 10-year period. | 2015 | 26522315 |
| metabolite changes in conifer buds and needles during forced bud break in norway spruce (picea abies) and european silver fir (abies alba). | environmental changes such as early spring and warm spells induce bud burst and photosynthetic processes in cold-acclimated coniferous trees and consequently, cellular metabolism in overwintering needles and buds. the purpose of the study was to examine metabolism in conifers under forced deacclimation (artificially induced spring) by exposing shoots of picea abies (boreal species) and abies alba (temperate species) to a greenhouse environment (22°c, 16/8 h d/n cycle) over a 9 weeks period. each ... | 2014 | 25566281 |
| influence of soil composition on the major, minor and trace metal content of velebit biomedical plants. | the use of medical herbs for the treatment of many human diseases is increasing nowadays due to their mild features and low side effects. not only for their healing properties, but also for their nutritive value supplementation of diet with various herbs is recommended. thus also their analysis is of rising importance. while total elemental compositions are published for many common herbs, the origin of toxic as well as beneficial elements is not yet well investigated. thus different indigenous ... | 2015 | 25454388 |
| tree mineral nutrition is deteriorating in europe. | the response of forest ecosystems to increased atmospheric co2 is constrained by nutrient availability. it is thus crucial to account for nutrient limitation when studying the forest response to climate change. the objectives of this study were to describe the nutritional status of the main european tree species, to identify growth-limiting nutrients and to assess changes in tree nutrition during the past two decades. we analysed the foliar nutrition data collected during 1992-2009 on the intens ... | 2015 | 24920268 |
| disparity in elevational shifts of european trees in response to recent climate warming. | predicting climate-driven changes in plant distribution is crucial for biodiversity conservation and management under recent climate change. climate warming is expected to induce movement of species upslope and towards higher latitudes. however, the mechanisms and physiological processes behind the altitudinal and latitudinal distribution range of a tree species are complex and depend on each tree species features and vary over ontogenetic stages. we investigated the altitudinal distribution dif ... | 2013 | 23572443 |
| generalized additive models reveal the intrinsic complexity of wood formation dynamics. | the intra-annual dynamics of wood formation, which involves the passage of newly produced cells through three successive differentiation phases (division, enlargement, and wall thickening) to reach the final functional mature state, has traditionally been described in conifers as three delayed bell-shaped curves followed by an s-shaped curve. here the classical view represented by the 'gompertz function (gf) approach' was challenged using two novel approaches based on parametric generalized line ... | 2013 | 23530132 |
| significant mean and extreme climate sensitivity of norway spruce and silver fir at mid-elevation mesic sites in the alps. | climate forcing is the major abiotic driver for forest ecosystem functioning and thus significantly affects the role of forests within the global carbon cycle and related ecosystem services. annual radial increments of trees are probably the most valuable source of information to link tree growth and climate at long-term time scales, and have been used in a wide variety of investigations worldwide. however, especially in mountainous areas, tree-ring studies have focused on extreme environments w ... | 2012 | 23209823 |
| a mechanistic model for the light response of photosynthetic electron transport rate based on light harvesting properties of photosynthetic pigment molecules. | models describing the light response of photosynthetic electron transport rate (etr) are routinely used to determine how light absorption influences energy, reducing power and yields of primary productivity; however, no single model is currently able to provide insight into the fundamental processes that implicitly govern the variability of light absorption. here we present development and application of a new mechanistic model of etr for photosystem ii based on the light harvesting (absorption ... | 2013 | 23138268 |
| how fast do european conifers overgrow wounds inflicted by rockfall? | the capacity of trees to recover from mechanical disturbance is of crucial importance for tree survival but has been primarily investigated in saplings using artificially induced wounds. in this study, mature larix decidua mill., picea abies (l.) karst. and abies alba mill. trees growing on alpine slopes that were wounded by naturally occurring rockfall were analyzed to determine their efficiency in overgrowing wounds. in total 43 l. decidua, p. abies and a. alba trees were sampled. first, 106 s ... | 2012 | 22826380 |
| life strategies in intra-annual dynamics of wood formation: example of three conifer species in a temperate forest in north-east france. | we investigated whether timing and rate of growth are related to the life strategies and fitness of three conifer species. intra-annual dynamics of wood formation, shoot elongation and needle phenology were monitored over 3 years in five norway spruces (picea abies (l.) karst.), five scots pines (pinus sylvestris l.) and five silver firs (abies alba mill.) grown intermixed. for the three species, the growing season (delimited by cambial activity onset and cessation) lasted about 4 months, while ... | 2012 | 22543476 |
| aphid honeydew and its effect on the phyllosphere microflora of picea abies (l.) karst. | aphids of the genus cinara, feeding on norway spruce, excrete copious amounts of honeydew, a carbon-rich waste product, which accumulates locally on needles and twigs. we investigated the role of honeydew as a potential source of energy which might promote the growth of micro-organisms in the phyllosphere of conifer trees. to approach this question, we followed the population dynamics of cinara spp. in a natural forest stand over two seasons. we also studied the amounts of honeydew produced by i ... | 1996 | 28307813 |
| past and future evolution of abies alba forests in europe - comparison of a dynamic vegetation model with palaeo data and observations. | information on how species distributions and ecosystem services are impacted by anthropogenic climate change is important for adaptation planning. palaeo data suggest that abies alba formed forests under significantly warmer-than-present conditions in europe and might be a native substitute for widespread drought-sensitive temperate and boreal tree species such as beech (fagus sylvatica) and spruce (picea abies) under future global warming conditions. here, we combine pollen and macrofossil data ... | 2016 | 26316296 |
| the great spruce bark beetle (dendroctonus micans kug.) (coleoptera: scolytidae) in lithuania: occurrence, phenology, morphology and communities of associated fungi. | we studied the occurrence, morphology and phenology of dendroctonus micans in lithuania and the fungi associated with the beetle at different developmental stages. the occurrence of d. micans was assessed in 19 seed orchards (at least 40 years old) of picea abies (l. karst.) situated in different parts of the country. bark beetle phenology was studied in two sites: a seed orchard of p. abies and a plantation of picea pungens (engelm.). d. micans morphology was assessed under the dissection micro ... | 2016 | 27871337 |
| temperature range shifts for three european tree species over the last 10,000 years. | we quantified the degree to which the relationship between the geographic distribution of three major european tree species, abies alba, fagus sylvatica and picea abies and january temperature (tjan) has remained stable over the past 10,000 years. we used an extended data-set of fossil pollen records over europe to reconstruct spatial variation in tjan values for each 1000-year time slice between 10,000 and 3000 years bp (before present). we evaluated the relationships between the occurrences of ... | 2016 | 27826308 |
| chemical composition and content of lipophilic seed extractives of some abies and picea species. | the chemical content and composition of the lipophilic extracts from seeds of some fir species: abies alba, a. cephalonica, a. concolor, and a. koreana, as well as of a few spruce species: picea abies, p. orientalis, and p. pungens, were examined. the amount of lipophilic extractives is diverse among the tree species and it varies from 9.8% to 41% of seeds. the chemical characterization showed significant differences, not only in the content, but also in the composition of extractives. however, ... | 2016 | 27451024 |
| xylogenesis: coniferous trees of temperate forests are listening to the climate tale during the growing season but only remember the last words! | the complex inner mechanisms that create typical conifer tree-ring structure (i.e. the transition from large, thin-walled earlywood cells to narrow, thick-walled latewood cells) were recently unraveled. however, what physiological or environmental factors drive xylogenesis key processes remain unclear. here, we aim to quantify the influence of seasonal variations in climatic factors on the spectacular changes in the kinetics of wood cell differentiation and in the resulting tree-ring structure. ... | 2016 | 27208048 |
| characterization of condensed tannins and carbohydrates in hot water bark extracts of european softwood species. | condensed tannins extracted from european softwood bark are recognized as alternatives to synthetic phenolics. the extraction is generally performed in hot water, leading to simultaneous extraction of other bark constituents such as carbohydrates, phenolic monomers and salts. characterization of the extract's composition and identification of the extracted tannins' molecular structure are needed to better identify potential applications. bark from silver fir (abies alba [mill.]), european larch ... | 2015 | 26547588 |
| fresh-stem bending of silver fir and norway spruce. | the bending and growth characteristics of large fresh stems from four silver fir (abies alba mill.) and three norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) trees were studied. twenty logs taken from different stem heights were subjected to four-point bending tests. from the bending test records, we calculated stress-strain curves, which accounted for detailed log taper, shear deformation and self weight. from these curves we determined, among other parameters, the modulus of elasticity (moe), the modu ... | 2008 | 18171659 |
| acclimation of leaves to contrasting irradiance in juvenile trees differing in shade tolerance. | leaves developing in different irradiances undergo structural and functional acclimation, although the extent of trait plasticity is species specific. we tested the hypothesis that irradiance-induced plasticity of photosynthetic and anatomical traits is lower in highly shade-tolerant species than in moderately shade-tolerant species. seedlings of two evergreen conifers, shade-tolerant abies alba mill. and moderately shade-tolerant picea abies karst., and two deciduous angiosperm species, highly ... | 2007 | 17545129 |
| high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection characterization of delta5-polyenoic fatty acids in triacylglycerols from conifer seed oils. | edible conifer seeds can serve as a source of triacylglycerols (tgs) with unusual delta5 unsaturated polymethylene interrupted fatty acids (upifas), such as cis-5,9-octadecadienoic (taxoleic), cis-5,9,12-octadecatrienoic (pinolenic), cis-5,11-eicosadienoic (keteleeronic) and cis-5,11,14-eicosatrienoic acids (sciadonic). conifer seed oils from european larch (larix decidua), norway spruce (picea abies) and european silver fir (abies alba) have been analyzed by non-aqueous reversed-phase high-perf ... | 2007 | 17307191 |
| stem breakage of trees and energy dissipation during rockfall impacts. | the capacity of individual trees to dissipate the energy released by rockfalls has previously only been quantified based on data obtained from static tree-pulling tests or from dynamic impact tests on wood samples. we predicted that these data are not representative of the maximum amount of energy that can be dissipated by living trees during rockfall impacts. to test this prediction, we carried out rockfall experiments on a forested slope in the french alps. to calculate the rock's energy befor ... | 2006 | 16203715 |
| chemical and morphological characteristics of key tree species of the carpathian mountains. | concentrations of al, b, ca, cu, fe, k, mg, mn, n, na, p, s and zn in the foliage of white fir (abies alba), norway spruce (picea abies) and common beech (fagus sylvatica) from 25 sites of the carpathian mts. forests (czech republic, poland, romania, slovakia and ukraine) are discussed in a context of their limit values. s/n ratio was different from optimum in 90% of localities when compared with the european limit values. likewise we found increase of fe and cu concentrations compared with thei ... | 2004 | 15046839 |
| studies related to norway spruce galactoglucomannans: chemical synthesis, conformation analysis, nmr spectroscopic characterization, and molecular recognition of model compounds. | galactoglucomannan (ggm) is a polysaccharide mainly consisting of mannose, glucose, and galactose. ggm is the most abundant hemicellulose in the norway spruce (picea abies), but is also found in the cell wall of flax seeds, tobacco plants, and kiwifruit. although several applications for ggm polysaccharides have been developed in pulp and paper manufacturing and the food and medical industries, attempts to synthesize and study distinct fragments of this polysaccharide have not been reported prev ... | 2012 | 23008171 |
| vegetation of the selected forest stands and land use in the carpathian mountains. | within the framework of the project "effects of forest health on biodiversity with emphasis on air pollution in the carpathian mountains" 26 permanent study sites were established in the vicinity of the ozone monitoring sites. the study sites were located on the nw-se transect through the western (12 sites), eastern (11 sites) and southern (3 sites) carpathians in forest ecosystems typical of each area. some of the forest monitoring sites were located in national parks, biosphere reserves and ar ... | 2004 | 15046837 |
| foliar morphological and physiological plasticity in picea abies and abies alba saplings along a natural light gradient. | the role of morphological versus physiological foliar plasticity in the capacity for, and mechanisms of, photosynthetic acclimation was assessed in picea abies (l.) karst. and abies alba mill. saplings in a forest gap-understory light gradient (relative irradiance, ri, ranging from 0.02 to 0.32). the species investigated showed a similar foliar morphological plasticity along the light gradient, at both the needle level (through alteration in leaf dry mass per area) and the shoot level (through a ... | 2001 | 11498343 |
| consistency of observations of forest tree defoliation in three european countries. | the crown densities of 186 trees of five common european tree species (norway spruce (picea abies), silver fir (abies alba), scots pine (pinus sylvestris), oak (quercus robur) and beech (fagus sylvatica) were assessed simultaneously by observation teams from france, germany and the united kingdom. major differences in the scores existed, with the maximum difference on any one tree being 45%. differences tended to be consistent, with the french team scoring more lightly than the german team and t ... | 1993 | 24227454 |
| performance of some growth variables. | european beech (fagus sylvatica l.), norway spruce (picea abies l. karst.) and silver fir (abies alba mill.) were exposed to low concentrations of ozone (o(3)) and sulfur dioxide (so(2)), alone and combined, and simulated acid rain (ph 4.0) in sheltered open-top chambers in hohenheim (southwest germany) for almost five years. the concentrations of o(3) and so(2) used were related to annual ambient average found in southern west germany. two control chambers were ventilated with charcoal filtered ... | 1990 | 15092188 |
| visible injury responses. | during a five year experiment on the causes of forest disease, symptoms of visible injury and pest infestations in trees treated with various air pollutants in open-top chambers were observed. though the long-term experiment was originally not intended to include such investigations, insect infestation and some discoloration of the trees (beech, fagus sylvatica; fir, abies alba; spruce, picea abies) could not be avoided. abundance and size of some of the insects were measured after two years and ... | 1990 | 15092183 |
| analyses of enzyme activities and other metabolic criteria after five years of fumigation. | enzymatic activity (peroxidase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase), foliage buffering capacity, soluble protein and nitrogen content were measured in current and previous year needles from young spruce (picea abies) and fir (abies alba). the trees were exposed to low levels of so(2) and/or o(3) and simulated acidic precipitation (ph 4.0) in open-top chambers from 1983 through 1988. needle samples were taken during march 1988 at the end of the five-year fumigation period. exposure to ... | 1990 | 15092181 |
| conifer green needle complex in patients with precancerous gastric lesions: an observational pilot study. | objectives. helicobacter pylori infection is common and can lead to precancerous gastric lesions. standard antibiotic therapy has a failure rate of more than 25% from antibiotic resistance. the primary aim of this observational pilot study was to test the feasibility of a large-scale clinical trial of conifer green needle complex (cgnc) to treat precancerous gastric lesions. secondary aims were to investigate h. pylori infection, stomach function, and histopathology of the gastric mucosa. method ... | 2016 | 28003849 |
| volatiles from a rare acer spp. honey sample from croatia. | a rare sample of maple (acer spp.) honey from croatia was analysed. ultrasonic solvent extraction (use) using: 1) pentane, 2) diethyl ether, 3) a mixture of pentane and diethyl ether (1:2 v/v) and 4) dichloromethane as solvents was applied. all the extracts were analysed by gc and gc/ms. the most representative extracts were 3) and 4). syringaldehyde was the most striking compound, being dominant in the extracts 2), 3) and 4) with percentages 34.5%, 33.1% and 35.9%, respectively. in comparison t ... | 2010 | 20657377 |
| long-term tree inventory data from mountain forest plots in france. | we present repeated tree measurement data from 63 permanent plots in mountain forests in france. plot elevations range from 800 (lower limit of the montane belt) to 1942 m above sea level (subalpine belt). forests mainly consist of pure or mixed stands dominated by european beech (fagus sylvatica), silver fir (abies alba), and norway spruce (picea abies), in association with various broadleaved species at low elevation and with arolla pine (pinus cembra) at high elevation. the plot network inclu ... | 2017 | 28145102 |
| distinct genecological patterns in seedlings of norway spruce and silver fir from a mountainous landscape. | understanding the genecology of forest trees is critical for gene conservation, for predicting the effects of climate change and climate change adaptation, and for successful reforestation. although common genecological patterns have emerged, species-specific details are also important. which species are most vulnerable to climate change? which are the most important adaptive traits and environmental drivers of natural selection? even though species have been classified as adaptive specialists v ... | 2017 | 28052396 |
| three-dimensional analysis of the anatomical growth response of european conifers to mechanical disturbance. | studies on tree reaction after wounding were so far based on artificial wounding or chemical treatment. for the first time, type, spread and intensity of anatomical responses were analyzed and quantified in naturally disturbed larix decidua mill., picea abies (l.) karst. and abies alba mill. trees. the consequences of rockfall impacts on increment growth were assessed at the height of the wounds, as well as above and below the injuries. a total of 16 trees were selected on rockfall slopes, and g ... | 2009 | 19696053 |
| sulfur fixation in wood mapped by synchrotron x-ray studies: implications for environmental archives. | there is a shortage of archives of sulfur that can be used to investigate industrial orvolcanic pollution in terrestrial catchments, but the role of s as a nutrient, coupled with sparse published evidence, suggests that trees are promising targets. we focused on two conifer species (picea abies (l.) karst and abies alba miller) from an alpine site in ne italy. bulk analyses of abies demonstrate that s concentrations were higher in the second half of the 20th century but with some high outliers p ... | 2009 | 19350896 |
| co2/h2o gas exchange parameters of one- and two-year-old needles of spruce and fir. | gas exchange was characterized in one- and two year-old spruce (picea abies l. karst.) and fir seedlings (abies alba mill.) which had been exposed to low levels of ozone, sulfur dioxide and simulated rain or a combination of all three variables in open top chambers from 1983 through 1988. the gas exchange measurements were carried out in march 1988 at the end of the five year experiment. the twigs examined did not exhibit any visible sign of injury, specifically no differences were apparent betw ... | 1990 | 15092177 |
| mineral content in the soil and tree foliage. | seedlings of fir (abies alba mill.) and spruce (picea abies l. karst.) were fumigated with so(2), o(3) and so(2) + o(3) in open-top chambers (otcs) for almost 5 vegetation periods. as background stress, simulated rain of ph 4.0 was applied. nutrient content of soil, soil solutions, and trees was investigated and balanced. in the upper partition of the soil high concentrations of exchangeable ca(2+) were found in all chambers. the so(2) and so(2) + o(3) treatments led to increased ca(2+), mg(2+) ... | 1990 | 15092176 |
| general methods and materials. | in the winter of 1982-83 an experiment was initiated at the university of hohenheim to investigate the long-term effects of near ambient concentrations of o(3), so(2), and simulated acidic rain and fog, alone and in combination, on mineral cycling, physiology, biochemistry and anatomy of norway spruce (picea abies l. karst.), silver fir (abies alba mill.) and european beech (fagus silvatica l.) seedlings in model ecosystems. open-top chambers above soil lysimeters were protected with shelters 1 ... | 1990 | 15092174 |
| effect of so(2) and o(3) on production of antioxidants in conifers. | production of antioxidants was investigated in needles of fir (abies alba mill.) and spruce (picea abies (l.) karst) after exposure to low concentrations of so(2), o(3), and a combination of both pollutants. glutathione reacted most sensitively to pollutants followed by vitamin e and vitamin c. in spruce needles, the overall increase of antioxidants after exposure to air pollutants was lower than in needles of fir. so(2) was more potent than o(3). maximum increase of antioxidants was found in ne ... | 1986 | 16665019 |
| buffer capacities of leaves, leaf cells, and leaf cell organelles in relation to fluxes of potentially acidic gases. | since environmental pollution by potentially acidic gases such as so(2) causes proton release inside leaf tissues, homogenates of needles of spruce (picea abies) and fir (abies alba) and of leaves of spinach (spinacia oleracea) and barley (hordeum vulgare) were titrated and buffer capacities were determined as a function of ph. titration curves of barley leaves were compared with titration curves of barley mesophyll protoplasts. from the protoplasts, chloroplasts and vacuoles were isolated and s ... | 1986 | 16664863 |
| the influence of a fall fumigation with ozone on the stomatal behavior of spruce and fir. | clonal stock (grafts of 15-, 50-, and 100-year-old trees) of spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and fir (abies alba mill.) was exposed either to 150 ppb ozone (∼300 μgm(-3)) during 9 daylight hours or to carbon-filtered air on 35 days between 29 august and 21 october 1983. at the end of the fumigation the trees did not exhibit any visible signs of injury. transpiration and leaf conductance in light and darkness, measured with a licor porometer, revealed, however, stomatal sluggishness and - in spr ... | 1984 | 28312352 |
| [free sugars, cyclitols and organic acids in the cambial sap of pinus sylvestris l., picea abies karst. and abies alba mill]. | samples of cambial sap from each of the three coniferous species pinus sylvestris l., picea abies karst. and abies alba mill. were taken at the time the trees were coming into bud and analysed for low molecular weight carbohydrates, cyclitols and organic acids. they all contained the same free sugars and cyclitols, but in markedly different proportions. quantitative analyses were carried out for glucose, fructose, sucrose, raffinose, myo-inositol, d-inositol, pinitol, sequoyitol and coniferin.th ... | 1973 | 24474307 |
| epiphytic lichen diversity on dead and dying conifers under different levels of atmospheric pollution. | based on literature data, epiphytic lichen abundance was comparably studied in montane woodlands on healthy versus dead or dying conifers of europe and north america in areas with different levels of atmospheric pollution. study sites comprised picea abies forests in the harz mountains and in the northern alps, germany, picea rubens-abies balsamea forests on whiteface mountain, adirondacks, new york, u.s.a. and picea engelmannii-abies lasiocarpa forests in the salish mountains, montana, u.s.a. d ... | 2005 | 15701398 |
| isolation of mitochondria from embryogenic cultures of picea abies (l.) karst. and abies cephalonica loud.: characterization of a k+(atp) channel. | a valuable method to isolate and purify mitochondria from embryonal masses of two coniferous species (picea abies [l.] karst. and abies cephalonica loud.) is described. crude mitochondria from both species were shown to be intact, oxygen consuming (with malate plus glutammate, succinate and nadh as substrates) and well coupled (respiratory control ratio ca. 4). the oxidation of the substrates was only partially kcn-insensitive (alternative oxidase) in some cases. however, these fractions were co ... | 2008 | 17823801 |
| mapped dna probes from loblolly pine can be used for restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping in other conifers. | a high-density genetic map based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) is being constructed for loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.). consequently, a large number of dna probes from loblolly pine are potentially available for use in other species. we have used some of these dna probes to detect rflps in 12 conifers and an angiosperm. thirty complementary dna and two genomic dna probes from loblolly pine were hybridized to southern blots containing dna from five species of pinus (p. elli ... | 1994 | 24186006 |
| an extractive removal step optimized for a high-throughput α-cellulose extraction method for δ13c and δ18o stable isotope ratio analysis in conifer tree rings. | stable isotope ratios (δ(13)c and δ(18)o) of tree-ring α-cellulose are important tools in paleoclimatology, ecology, plant physiology and genetics. the multiple sample isolation system for solids (msiss) was a major advance in the tree-ring α-cellulose extraction methods, offering greater throughput and reduced labor input compared to traditional alternatives. however, the usability of the method for resinous conifer species may be limited by the need to remove extractives from some conifer spec ... | 2016 | 27672185 |
| wound-induced terpene synthase gene expression in sitka spruce that exhibit resistance or susceptibility to attack by the white pine weevil. | we analyzed the expression pattern of various terpene synthase (tps) genes in response to a wounding injury applied to the apical leader of sitka spruce (picea sitchensis bong. carr.) genotypes known to be resistant (r) or susceptible (s) to white pine weevil (pissodes strobi peck.) attack. the purpose was to test if differences in constitutive or wound-induced tps expression can be associated with established weevil resistance. all wounding treatments were conducted on 9-year-old r and s trees ... | 2006 | 16415217 |
| modelling and predicting the spatial distribution of tree root density in heterogeneous forest ecosystems. | in mountain ecosystems, predicting root density in three dimensions (3-d) is highly challenging due to the spatial heterogeneity of forest communities. this study presents a simple and semi-mechanistic model, named chamroots, that predicts root interception density (rid, number of roots m(-2)). chamroots hypothesizes that rid at a given point is affected by the presence of roots from surrounding trees forming a polygon shape. | 2015 | 26173892 |
| in vitro dermo-cosmetic evaluation of bark extracts from common temperate trees. | wood residues produced from forestry activities represent an interesting source of biologically active, high value-added secondary metabolites. in this study, 30 extracts from 10 barks of deciduous and coniferous tree species were investigated for their potential dermo-cosmetic use. the extracts were obtained from fagus sylvatica, quercus robur, alnus glutinosa, prunus avium, acer pseudoplatanus, fraxinus excelsior, populus robusta, larix decidua, picea abies, and populus tremula after three suc ... | 2016 | 27352384 |
| effects of tree species richness and composition on moose winter browsing damage and foraging selectivity: an experimental study. | the optimal foraging theory, the nutrient balance hypothesis, and the plant association theories predict that foraging decisions and resulting tree damage by large mammalian browsers may be influenced by the species richness and species composition of forest stands. this may lead to either associational susceptibility (increased damage on a focal plant in a mixed stand) or associational resistance (reduced damage in a mixed stand). better understanding of the mechanisms and the relative importan ... | 2013 | 23363076 |