| network formation by rhizomorphs of armillaria lutea in natural soil: their description and ecological significance. | armillaria lutea rhizomorphs in soil were mapped over areas of 25 m2 at a pinus nigra (site i) and a picea abies (site ii) plantation. rhizomorph density was 4.3 and 6.1 m m(-2) soil surface with 84% and 48% of the total rhizomorph length in the mapped area interconnected in a network at site i and site ii, respectively. at site i there were only two network attachments to pinus stumps, but at site ii many more to picea roots and stumps. anastomoses of rhizomorphs resulted in cyclic paths, parts ... | 2007 | 17645531 |
| temperature-respiration relationships differ in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal root systems of picea abies (l.) karst. | root respiration has been shown to increase with temperature, but less is known about how this relationship is affected by the fungal partner in mycorrhizal root systems. in order to test respiratory temperature dependence, in particular q (10) of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal root systems, seedlings of picea abies (l.) karst. (norway spruce) were inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus piloderma croceum (eriksson and hjortstam, sr430; synonym: piloderma fallax: [libert] stalpers) and plant ... | 2007 | 17301933 |
| afforestation of abandoned farmland with conifer seedlings inoculated with three ectomycorrhizal fungi - impact on plant performance and ectomycorrhizal community. | the aim of a 3-year study was to investigate whether inoculation of pinus sylvestris l. and picea abies (l.) karst. seedlings with mycorrhizas of cenococcum geophilum fr., piceirhiza bicolorata, and hebeloma crustuliniforme (bull.) quel. has any impact on: 1) survival and growth of outplanted seedlings on abandoned agricultural land, and 2) subsequent mycorrhizal community development. for inoculation, the root system of each plant was wrapped in a filter paper containing mycelium, overlaid with ... | 2007 | 17277941 |
| the trophic structure of bark-living oribatid mite communities analysed with stable isotopes ((15)n, (13)c) indicates strong niche differentiation. | the aim of the present study was to identify food sources of bark-living oribatid mites to investigate if trophic niche differentiation contributes to the diversity of bark living oribatida. we measured the natural variation in stable isotope ratios ((15)n/(14)n, (13)c/(12)c) in oribatid mites from the bark of oak (quercus robur), beech (fagus sylvatica), spruce (picea abies) and pine (pinus sylvestris) trees and their potential food sources, i.e., the covering vegetation of the bark (bryophytes ... | 2007 | 17333459 |
| a comparative analysis of simulated and observed photosynthetic co2 uptake in two coniferous forest canopies. | gross canopy photosynthesis (p(g)) can be simulated with canopy models or retrieved from turbulent carbon dioxide (co2) flux measurements above the forest canopy. we compare the two estimates and illustrate our findings with two case studies. we used the three-dimensional canopy model maestra to simulate p(g) of two spruce forests differing in age and structure. model parameter acquisition and model sensitivity to selected model parameters are described, and modeled results are compared with ind ... | 2006 | 16585031 |
| interactions between extraradical ectomycorrhizal mycelia, microbes associated with the mycelia and growth rate of norway spruce (picea abies) clones. | despite their ecological relevance, field studies of the extraradical mycelia of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi are rare. here we examined in situ interactions between ecm mycelia and host vigour. ectomycorrhizal mycelia were harvested with in-growth mesh bags buried under norway spruce (picea abies) clones planted in 1994 in a randomized block design. mycelial biomass was determined and fungal species were identified by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and sequencing of the internal ... | 2007 | 17286828 |
| element contents in leaves of four plant species (birch, mountain ash, fern and spruce) along anthropogenic and geogenic concentration gradients. | forty samples each of leaves of birch (betula pubescens ehrh.), european mountain ash (sorbus aucuparia (l.)) and bracken fern (pteridium aquilinum (l.) kuhn) as well as spruce needles (picea abies (l.) karsten) were collected along a 120 km south-north transect running through norway's largest city, oslo. concentrations of 25 chemical elements (ag, au, b, ba, ca, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, k, la, mg, mn, mo, na, ni, p, pb, s, sb, sr, ti, and zn) as well as loss on ignition for the 4 sample materia ... | 2007 | 17379275 |
| arabidopsis irregular xylem8 and irregular xylem9: implications for the complexity of glucuronoxylan biosynthesis. | mutations of arabidopsis thaliana irregular xylem8 (irx8) and irx9 were previously shown to cause a collapsed xylem phenotype and decreases in xylose and cellulose in cell walls. in this study, we characterized irx8 and irx9 and performed chemical and structural analyses of glucuronoxylan (gx) from irx8 and irx9 plants. irx8 and irx9 are expressed specifically in cells undergoing secondary wall thickening, and their encoded proteins are targeted to the golgi, where gx is synthesized. 1h-nmr spec ... | 2007 | 17322407 |
| wood-decay fungi in fine living roots of conifer seedlings. | the mycorrhizal basidiomycetes are known to have multiple, independent evolutionary origins from saprotrophic ancestors. to date, a number of studies have revealed functional resemblance of mycorrhizal fungi to free-living saprotrophs, but information on the ability of saprotrophic fungi to perform as mycorrhizal symbionts is scarce. here, the objective was to investigate the ability of three wood-decay fungi, phlebiopsis gigantea, phlebia centrifuga and hypholoma fasciculare, to colonize fine r ... | 2007 | 17388906 |
| purification, characterization, and molecular gene cloning of an antifungal protein from ginkgo biloba seeds. | a novel basic protein with antifungal activity was isolated from the seeds of ginkgo biloba and purified to homogeneity. the protein inhibited the growth of some fungi (fusarium oxysporum, trichoderma reesei, and candida albicans) but did not exhibit antibacterial action against escherichia coli. furthermore, this protein showed weak inhibitory activity against the aspartic protease pepsin. to design primers for gene amplification, the nh(2)-terminal and partial internal amino acid sequences wer ... | 2007 | 17338634 |
| the effect of stand age on throughfall chemistry in spruce stands in the potok dupniañski catchment in the silesian beskid mountains, southern poland. | the chemical composition of throughfall depends on the age of the norway spruce (picea abies karst) stands and season of the year. the ph of throughfall decreased and the amount of hydrogen ion in throughfall deposited to the soil increased with increasing age of spruce stands, especially in the winter season. concentrations of k+, h+, so4(2-), mn2+, and nh4(+) in throughfall were higher than bulk precipitation for the whole year and k+, h+, and mn2+ concentrations were higher in throughfall in ... | 2007 | 17450296 |
| significance of ozone exposure for inter-annual differences in primary metabolites of old-growth beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and norway spruce (picea abies l.) trees in a mixed forest stand. | the influence of long-term free-air ozone fumigation and canopy position on leaf contents of total glutathione, its redox state, non-structural proteins (nsp), soluble amino compounds, and total soluble sugars in old-growth beech (fagus sylvatica) and spruce (picea abies) trees were determined over a period of five years. ozone fumigation had weak effects on the analysed metabolites of both tree species and significant changes in the contents of total glutathione, nsp, and soluble sugars were ob ... | 2007 | 17357017 |
| fungal diversity of norway spruce litter: effects of site conditions and premature leaf fall caused by bark beetle outbreak. | fungi play an important role in leaf litter decomposition due to their ability to break down the lignocellulose matrix, which other organisms are unable to digest. however, little is known regarding the factors affecting components of fungal diversity. here, we quantified richness of internal fungi in relation to litter nutrient and phenolic concentrations, sampling season (spring or fall), and premature leaf shedding due to low precipitation and infestation of bark beetles (mainly ips typograph ... | 2008 | 18095016 |
| fungi and wind strongly influence the temporal availability of logs in an old-growth spruce forest. | coarse woody debris (cwd) is a key habitat for many species in forest ecosystems. to ensure the long-term survival of such species, forest management regimes must include measures that promote dead wood dynamics similar to those of natural forests. thus, information on cwd dynamics under natural conditions is required, including data pertaining to the underlying agents of disturbance. this study examines modes of mortality, decay rates, and temporal patterns in the availability of picea abies lo ... | 2007 | 17489254 |
| antibacterial effects of home-made resin salve from norway spruce (picea abies). | resin salve made from norway spruce (picea abies) is traditionally used in folk medicine to heal skin ulcers and infected wounds. its antimicrobial properties were studied against certain human bacteria important in infected skin wounds. the sensitivity of the resin against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was studied in vitro by methods that are routinely used in microbiology laboratories. the resin salve exhibited a bacteriostatic effect against all tested gram-positive bacteria but on ... | 2007 | 17504300 |
| suppression of plant defence response by a mycorrhiza helper bacterium. | the aim of the present study was to determine whether the mycorrhiza helper bacterium streptomyces sp. ach 505 could serve as a biocontrol agent against heterobasidion root and butt rot. bacterial influence on mycelial growth of heterobasidion sp. isolates, on the colonization of wood discs and norway spruce (picea abies) roots was determined. the effect of ach 505 on plant photosynthesis, peroxidase activity and gene expression, and needle infections were investigated. ach 505 was antagonistic ... | 2007 | 17504470 |
| anchorage of mature conifers: resistive turning moment, root-soil plate geometry and root growth orientation. | eighty-four mature norway spruce (picea abies l. karst), silver fir (abies alba mill) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees were winched over to determine the maximum resistive turning moment (m(a)) of the root-soil system, the root-soil plate geometry, the azimuthal orientation of root growth, and the occurrence of root rot. the calculation of m(a), based on digital image tracking of stem deflection, accounted not only for the force application and its changing geometry, but also for the w ... | 2007 | 17545122 |
| identification of quantitative trait loci affecting virulence in the basidiomycete heterobasidion annosum s.l. | identification of virulence factors of phytopathogens is important for the fundamental understanding of infection and disease progress in plants and for the development of control strategies. we have identified quantitative trait loci (qtl) for virulence on 1-year-old pinus sylvestris and 2-year-old picea abies seedlings and positioned them on a genetic linkage map of the necrotrophic phytopathogen heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (s.l.), a major root rot pathogen on conifers. the virulence of ... | 2007 | 17569047 |
| [characteristics of morphogenesis and growth processes of conifers in the chernobyl nuclear accident zone]. | in the article we present data on the study of morphogenesis and of growth processes of scotch pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and of norwey spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) vegetative organs after radiation exposure in the chernobyl nuclear accident zone. the anomalies in morphogenesis processes at different absorbed doses are described in detail. it is established that the death of pine forest began under absorbed dose 80-100 gy and more, mass yellowing of needles at 50-60 gy, and maximal morphosis ... | 2007 | 17571730 |
| complex analytical approach to characterization of the influence of carbon dioxide concentration on carbohydrate composition in norway spruce needles. | water-soluble non-structural carbohydrates (nsc) in the needles of norway spruce picea abies [l.] karst have been studied by using a combination of several separation techniques, having various detectors, with mass spectrometry. the intent was to find a suitable methodology that enables the characterization and determination of nsc, covering a wide range of molar masses, and being suitable to assess how ncs are influenced by both external conditions, e.g. different carbon dioxide (co(2)) concent ... | 2007 | 17382335 |
| nurse plants, tree saplings and grazing pressure: changes in facilitation along a biotic environmental gradient. | current conceptual models predict that an increase in stress shifts interactions between plants from competitive to facilitative; hence, facilitation is expected to gain in ecological importance with increasing stress. little is known about how facilitative interactions between plants change with increasing biotic stress, such as that incurred by consumer pressure or herbivory (i.e. disturbance sensu grime). in grazed ecosystems, the presence of unpalatable plants is reported to protect tree sap ... | 2007 | 17279351 |
| heavy metal accumulation and phytostabilisation potential of tree fine roots in a contaminated soil. | root systems of norway spruce (picea abies) and poplar (populus tremula) were long-term exposed to metal-contaminated soils in open-top chambers to investigate the accumulation of the heavy metals in the fine roots and to assess the plants suitability for phytostabilisation. the heavy metals from the contaminated soil accumulated in the fine roots about 10-20 times more than in the controls. the capacity to bind heavy metals already reached its maximum after the first vegetation period. fine roo ... | 2008 | 17707113 |
| pollen sequence from late quaternary sediments in yellowstone park. | a radiocarbon-dated pollen diagram from a depression near the end of the southeast arm of yellowstone lake, wyoming, records the vegetation sequence from the retreat of late wisconsin (pinedale) ice to the present time. the tundra picea-abies-pinus albicaulis (spruce-fir-whitebark pine) parkland vegetation inferred during late glacial time changed rapidly to a pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) forest shortly before 11,550 carbon-14 years ago, suggesting a warming trend at that time. the pinus cont ... | 1970 | 17731592 |
| dynamics of the xanthophyll cycle and non-radiative dissipation of absorbed light energy during exposure of norway spruce to high irradiance. | the response of norway spruce saplings (picea abies [l.] karst.) was monitored continuously during short-term exposure (10 days) to high irradiance (hi; 1000micromol m(-2)s(-1)). compared with plants acclimated to low irradiance (100micromol m(-2)s(-1)), plants after hi exposure were characterized by a significantly reduced co(2) assimilation rate throughout the light response curve. pigment contents varied only slightly during hi exposure, but a rapid and strong response was observed in xanthop ... | 2008 | 17761355 |
| methyl jasmonate and oxalic acid treatment of norway spruce: anatomically based defense responses and increased resistance against fungal infection. | to study the effect of chemical pretreatment on conifer resistance, 13-year-old norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) trees were treated with methyl jasmonate (mj) or oxalic acid (oxa) on the outer bark and inoculated with the pathogenic blue-stain fungus ceratocystis polonica (siem.) c. moreau 4 weeks later. both chemicals significantly reduced symptoms of fungal infection, but mj was more effective than oxa (51 versus 18% reduction in length of necrotic lesions in the phloem relative to untr ... | 2008 | 17938111 |
| decomposition and fungi of needle litter from slow- and fast-growing norway spruce (picea abies) clones. | the fungal species involved in the decomposition of needle litter and their response to intraspecific genetic variation of trees are poorly known. first, we compared the needle decomposition and fungal decomposers underneath eight different norway spruce clones in situ. this experiment revealed 60-70% loss of needle mass in two years. although spruce clones differed considerably in growth (twofold height difference) and their needles differed in chemical composition, no significant difference wa ... | 2008 | 17943340 |
| age-dependent xylogenesis in timberline conifers. | neither anatomical change nor physiological abnormalities have been observed in the cambia of older trees. however, different sensitivity and period of significant responses to climate suggest the existence of some age-related change in the patterns of cambial activity and/or wood cell formation. here, weekly cambial activity and timing and duration of xylem cell enlargement and wall thickening were compared in adult (50-80 yr) and old (200-350 yr) trees of larix decidua, pinus cembra and picea ... | 2008 | 17944824 |
| induction of photosynthesis and importance of limitations during the induction phase in sun and shade leaves of five ecologically contrasting tree species from the temperate zone. | we examined the principal differences in photosynthetic characteristics between sun and shade foliage and determined the relative importance of biochemical and stomatal limitations during photosynthetic induction. temperate-zone broadleaf and conifer tree species, ranging widely in shade tolerance, were investigated from one locality in the czech republic. the study species included strongly shade-tolerant abies alba mill. and tilia cordata mill., less shade-tolerant fagus sylvatica l. and acer ... | 2007 | 17472946 |
| diastereomeric stilbene glucoside dimers from the bark of norway spruce (picea abies). | as part of a long-term study of the chemical defenses of norway spruce (picea abies) against herbivores and pathogens, a phytochemical survey of the phenolics in the bark was carried out. eight stilbene glucoside dimers, designated as piceasides a-h (1a-4b), were isolated as four 1:1 mixtures of inseparable diastereomers. their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic means including 1d (1h and 13c) and 2d nmr (1h-1h cosy, hsqc, hmbc, roesy) spectra, and were supported by enzymatic ... | 2008 | 18028966 |
| seasonal differences and within-canopy variations of antioxidants in mature spruce (picea abies) trees under elevated ozone in a free-air exposure system. | the effect of free-air ozone fumigation and crown position on antioxidants were determined in old-growth spruce (picea abies) trees in the seasonal course of two consecutive years (2003 and 2004). levels of total ascorbate and its redox state in the apoplastic washing fluid (awf) were increased under double ambient ozone concentrations (2xo3), whilst ascorbate concentrations in needle extracts were unchanged. concentrations of apoplastic and symplastic ascorbate were significantly higher in 2003 ... | 2008 | 18031879 |
| climatic control of bud burst in young seedlings of nine provenances of norway spruce. | detailed knowledge of temperature effects on the timing of dormancy development and bud burst will help evaluate the impacts of climate change on forest trees. we tested the effects of temperature applied during short-day treatment, duration of short-day treatment, duration of chilling and light regime applied during forcing on the timing of bud burst in 1- and 2-year-old seedlings of nine provenances of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.). high temperature during dormancy induction, little ... | 2008 | 18055441 |
| using simple causal modeling to understand how water and temperature affect daily stem radial variation in trees. | variation in tree stem diameter results from reversible shrinking and swelling and irreversible radial growth, all processes that are influenced by tree water status. to assess the causal effects of water and temperature on stem radial variation (deltar) and maximum daily shrinkage (mds), the diurnal cycle was divided into three phases: contraction, expansion and stem radius increment. diurnal cycles were measured during 1996-2004 in picea abies (l.) karst., pinus cembra l. and larix decidua mil ... | 2007 | 17472939 |
| estrogenic activity of 7-hydroxymatairesinol potassium acetate (hmr/lignan) from norway spruce (picea abies) knots and of its active metabolite enterolactone in mcf-7 cells. | lignans are plant polyphenols which may possess anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. in particular, the lignan 7-hydroxymatairesinol (hmr/lignan, hmr) is a novel precursor of the mammalian lignan enterolactone (el). in the present study, we investigated the estrogenicity of hmr and of el in comparison to estradiol (e2), by measuring their effects on growth and apoptotic markers in the human estrogen-sensitive cell line mcf-7. hmr, el and e2 c ... | 2007 | 17572100 |
| vegetative buffers for fan emissions from poultry farms: 1. temperature and foliar nitrogen. | this study sought to evaluate the potential of trees planted around commercial poultry farms to trap ammonia (nh(3)), the gas of greatest environmental concern to the poultry industry. four plant species (norway spruce, spike hybrid poplar, streamco willow, and hybrid willow) were planted on eight commercial farms from 2003 to 2004. because temperature (t) can be a stressor for trees, t was monitored in 2005 with data loggers among the trees in front of the exhaust fans (11.4 to 17.7 m) and at a ... | 2008 | 18246513 |
| forest microsite effects on community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi on seedlings of picea abies and betula pendula. | niche differentiation in soil horizons, host species and natural nutrient gradients contribute to the high diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in boreal forests. this study aims at documenting the diversity and community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi of norway spruce (picea abies) and silver birch (betula pendula) seedlings in five most abundant microsites in three estonian old-growth forests. undisturbed forest floor, windthrow mounds and pits harboured more species than brown- and white- ... | 2008 | 18266759 |
| ontogenetic variation in the relative influence of light and belowground resources on european beech seedling growth. | we used height growth data from a 7-year field experiment with european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) seedlings to test the hypothesis that the effects of above- and belowground resources on height growth depend on seedling size and age. photosynthetically active radiation (par) was determined by hemispheric photography, and estimates of fine root biomass of the overstory trees were used as an inverse proportional surrogate for belowground resource availability. for recently germinated seedlings gr ... | 2008 | 18316304 |
| root inoculation with a forest soil streptomycete leads to locally and systemically increased resistance against phytopathogens in norway spruce. | soil streptomycetes are commonly antagonistic against plant pathogens. however, interactions involving increased defense responses in the host plant, leading to suppression of plant disease development, have not yet been detailed. here, the mechanisms were studied of disease suppression by streptomyces sp. gb 4-2 against heterobasidion root and butt rot in norway spruce (picea abies) seedlings. gb 4-2 promoted mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungus, germination rate of fungal spores, exte ... | 2008 | 18086220 |
| screening analyses of pinosylvin stilbenes, resin acids and lignans in norwegian conifers. | the content and distribution of stilbenes and resin acids in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) and spruce (picea abies), sampled in central norway, have been examined. the contents of pinosylvin stilbenes in pine heartwood/living knots were 0.2-2/2-8 %(w/w). no stilbenes could be detected in spruce (picea abies). the resin acid contents of pine sapwood/heartwood and knots were 1-4 and 5-10 % (w/w), respectively. minor amounts of resin acids (<0.2/<0.04 %w/w) were identified in spruce wood/knots. the ... | 2006 | 17962750 |
| superior wood for violins--wood decay fungi as a substitute for cold climate. | violins produced by antonio stradivari during the late 17th and early 18th centuries are reputed to have superior tonal qualities. dendrochronological studies show that stradivari used norway spruce that had grown mostly during the maunder minimum, a period of reduced solar activity when relatively low temperatures caused trees to lay down wood with narrow annual rings, resulting in a high modulus of elasticity and low density. the main objective was to determine whether wood can be processed us ... | 2008 | 18554266 |
| assessing the suitability of norway spruce wood as an environmental archive for sulphur. | the aim of this study was to assess the suitability of norway spruces (picea abies l. karst.) as an environmental archive for sulphur. for this purpose spruce trees were sampled in two distinct regions of switzerland: the alps and the swiss plateau, which differ significantly with respect to s immission. wood samples were measured using two methods: laser ablation high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (la-hr-icp-ms) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrome ... | 2008 | 18534728 |
| pronounced ecological separation between two closely related lineages of the polyporous fungus gloeoporus taxicola. | gloeoporus taxicola is a saprotrophic polypore that produces annual fruit bodies, in scandinavia exclusively on coniferous wood. in this study, we demonstrate the existence of two ecotypes of g. taxicola in norway; a coastal lowland form fruiting on dead logs and dying branches of standing pinus sylvestris, and a highland form largely fruiting on trunks of picea abies in moist, old-growth forests. thus, a distinct ecological separation has happened between the two forms both concerning substrate ... | 2007 | 17590324 |
| cloning and characterization of isoprenyl diphosphate synthases with farnesyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase activity from norway spruce (picea abies) and their relation to induced oleoresin formation. | the conifer picea abies (norway spruce) employs terpenoid-based oleoresins as part of its constitutive and induced defense responses to herbivores and pathogens. the isoprenyl diphosphate synthases are branch-point enzymes of terpenoid biosynthesis leading to the various terpene classes. we isolated three genes encoding isoprenyl diphosphate synthases from p. abies cdna libraries prepared from the bark and wood of methyl jasmonate-treated saplings and screened via a homology-based pcr approach u ... | 2007 | 17624381 |
| fertilization effects on mean stomatal conductance are mediated through changes in the hydraulic attributes of mature norway spruce trees. | stomatal conductance was quantified with sap flux sensors and whole-tree chambers in mature norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) trees after 3 years of exposure to elevated co(2) concentration ([co(2)]) in a 13-year nutrient optimization experiment. the long-term nutrient optimization treatment increased tree height by 3.7 m (67%) and basal diameter by 8 cm (68%); the short-term elevated [co(2)] exposure had no effect on tree size or allometry. nighttime transpiration was estimated as approxi ... | 2008 | 18244944 |
| cloning and characterization of two different types of geranyl diphosphate synthases from norway spruce (picea abies). | geranyl diphosphate (gpp), the universal precursor of monoterpenes, is formed from isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate by the action of geranyl diphosphate synthase, one of the key branchpoint enzymes of terpene biosynthesis. three types of gpp synthase can be distinguished in plants based on sequence similarity and subunit architecture, but until now individual species have been reported to contain only one of these types. here we show that the conifer, norway spruce (picea ab ... | 2008 | 17673268 |
| throughfall chemistry in a spruce chronosequence in southern poland. | the chemical composition of throughfall and canopy leaching, as well as the acid neutralizing capacity and alkalinity depended on the age of norway spruce (picea abies karst) stands and season of the year. a higher amount of sulphur and strong acids was deposited to the soil in the older age classes. concentrations of so(4)(2)(-), k(+), h(+), mn(2+), fe(2+) and zn(2+) in throughfall were higher than in bulk precipitation in any season. this suggests that these ions were washed out or washed from ... | 2008 | 18358577 |
| fine root morphological adaptations in scots pine, norway spruce and silver birch along a latitudinal gradient in boreal forests. | variability in short root morphology of the three main tree species of europe's boreal forest (norway spruce (picea abies l. karst.), scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and silver birch (betula pendula roth)) was investigated in four stands along a latitudinal gradient from northern finland to southern estonia. silver birch and scots pine were present in three stands and norway spruce was present in all stands. for three fertile norway spruce stands, fine root biomass and number of root tips per s ... | 2007 | 17669752 |
| [genetic structure of populations of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) from ukrainian carpathians]. | the genetic diversity, subdivision, and differentiation of nine populations of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) in ukrainian carpathians were studied using electrophoretic analysis of variability of enzyme systems in 346 trees aged from 80 to 150 years. based on electrophoretic fractionation of enzymes extracted from seed endosperms in vertical slabs of 7.5% polyacrylamide gel, 20 loci of nine enzyme systems (adh, acp, dia, gdh, got, mdh, lap, fdh, sod) were identified, and 71 allele vari ... | 2007 | 18592689 |
| the chromosomal distribution of histone methylation marks in gymnosperms differs from that of angiosperms. | the chromosomal distribution of seven histone methylation marks (h3k4me2, h3k9me1,2,3 and h3k27me1,2,3) was analysed in the gymnosperm species pinus sylvestris and picea abies. similarly to the situation in other investigated eukaryotes, dimethylation of lysine 4 of histone h3 is restricted to euchromatin in gymnosperms. surprisingly, also h3k9me1-a mark classified as heterochromatin-specific in angiosperms-labels the euchromatin in p. sylvestris and p. abies. the other investigated methylation ... | 2008 | 18679813 |
| functional characteristics of a tiny but specialized olfactory system: olfactory receptor neurons of carrot psyllids (homoptera: triozidae). | with only approximately 50 olfactory receptor neurons (orns), the carrot psyllid trioza apicalis (homoptera: psylloidea) may have the smallest olfactory system described in adult neopteran insects. using single sensillum recordings (ssr) and gas chromatograph-linked ssr, we characterized 4 olfactory sensilla forming a distinct morphological type, which together house approximately 25% of all orns. we recorded responses to extracts and single constituents from daucus carota ssp. sativus, from the ... | 2008 | 18653644 |
| pathogenicity of four blue-stain fungi associated with aggressive and nonaggressive bark beetles. | abstract the pathogenicity of two isolates of each of four bark beetle-associated blue-stain fungi was evaluated after mass inoculation of about 40-year-old norway spruce trees (picea abies). trees were inoculated with a different isolate of each fungus in 1995 and 1996 at a density of 400 inoculations per m(2) in a 1.2-m-wide band on the lower bole (about 270 inoculations per tree). trees were felled 15 weeks after inoculation. in 1995, ceratocystis polonica was the only fungus that had stained ... | 1998 | 18944997 |
| functional identification and differential expression of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase in induced terpenoid resin formation of norway spruce (picea abies). | conifers produce terpenoid-based oleoresins as constitutive and inducible defenses against herbivores and pathogens. much information is available about the genes and enzymes of the late steps of oleoresin terpenoid biosynthesis in conifers, but almost nothing is known about the early steps which proceed via the methylerythritol phosphate (mep) pathway. here we report the cdna cloning and functional identification of three norway spruce (picea abies) genes encoding 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate ... | 2007 | 17687625 |
| mollusc grazing may constrain the ecological niche of the old forest lichen pseudocyphellaria crocata. | this study reports on mollusc grazing of two epiphytic cyanobacterial lichens (pseudocyphellaria crocata and lobaria pulmonaria) transplanted within three picea abies-dominated boreal rain forest stands (clear-cut, young and old forests) in west central norway. grazing was particularly high in transplants located in the old forest and was almost absent in clear-cut transplants. grazing marks were absent on natural thalli on nearby spruce twigs (required creeping distance for mollusc from the gro ... | 2008 | 18950428 |
| effect of tree species and mycorrhizal colonization on the archaeal population of boreal forest rhizospheres. | group 1.1c crenarchaeota are the predominating archaeal group in acidic boreal forest soils. in this study, we show that the detection frequency of 1.1c crenarchaeotal 16s rrna genes in the rhizospheres of the boreal forest trees increased following colonization by the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus. this effect was very clear in the fine roots of pinus sylvestris, picea abies, and betula pendula, the most common forest trees in finland. the nonmycorrhizal fine roots had a clearly dif ... | 2009 | 18978075 |
| heterologous array analysis in pinaceae: hybridization of pinus taeda cdna arrays with cdna from needles and embryogenic cultures of p. taeda, p. sylvestris or picea abies. | hybridization of labelled cdna from various cell types with high-density arrays of expressed sequence tags is a powerful technique for investigating gene expression. few conifer cdna libraries have been sequenced. because of the high level of sequence conservation between pinus and picea we have investigated the use of arrays from one genus for studies of gene expression in the other. the partial cdnas from 384 identifiable genes expressed in differentiating xylem of pinus taeda were printed on ... | 2002 | 18629264 |
| ultrasonic emissions from conifer xylem exposed to repeated freezing. | ultrasonic emission measurements enable the analysis of xylem cavitation induced by drought and freeze-thaw events. several studies have indicated that ultrasonic acoustic emissions (uae) in conifers occur upon freezing and not upon thawing, although classical theory has postulated gas bubble formation during freezing and cavitation during thawing. we analyzed the pattern and quality of freeze-thaw-induced uae in seven conifers (abies alba, larix decidua, juniperus communis, picea abies, pinus c ... | 2010 | 19692146 |
| steam explosion lignins; their extraction, structure and potential as feedstock for biodiesel and chemicals. | in the present study, a steam explosion wood pre-treatment process, optimized earlier with respect to ethanol production, has been applied to both softwoods (picea abies and pinus sylvestris) and hardwoods (betula verrucosa and populus tremula). the alkaline extractable lignins have then been isolated to investigate lignin separation efficiency and lignin structure and to evaluate their potential for producing value-added products, such as biodiesel components or chemicals, in terms of the purit ... | 2009 | 19157871 |
| effect of 3 years' free-air exposure to elevated ozone on mature norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) needle epicuticular wax physicochemical characteristics. | we examined the effect of ozone (o(3)) on norway spruce (picea abies) needle epicuticular wax over three seasons at the kranzberg ozone fumigation experiment. exposure to 2x ambient o(3) ranged from 64.5 to 74.2 microl o(3) l(-1) h aot40, and 117.1 to 123.2 nl o(3) l(-1) 4th highest daily maximum 8-h average o(3) concentration. the proportion of current-year needle surface covered by wax tubes, tube aggregates, and plates decreased (p=0.011) under 2x o(3). epistomatal chambers had increased depo ... | 2009 | 19188008 |
| pine weevil feeding on norway spruce bark has a stronger impact on needle voc emissions than enhanced ultraviolet-b radiation. | plants can respond physiologically to damaging ultraviolet-b radiation by altering leaf chemistry, especially uv absorbing phenolic compounds. however, the effects on terpene emissions have received little attention. we conducted two field trials in plots with supplemented uv-b radiation and assessed the influence of feeding by pine weevils, hylobius abietis l., on volatile emissions from 3-year old norway spruce trees (picea abies l. karst.). we collected emissions from branch tips distal to th ... | 2009 | 18775595 |
| phylogeny of phaeomollisia piceae gen. sp. nov.: a dark, septate, conifer-needle endophyte and its relationships to phialocephala and acephala. | dark, septate endophytes (dse) were isolated from roots and needles of dwarf picea abies and from roots of vaccinium spp. growing on a permafrost site in the jura mountains in switzerland. two of the isolates sporulated after incubation for more than one year at 4 degrees c. one of them was a hitherto undescribed helotialean ascomycete phaeomollisia piceae gen. sp. nov., the other was a new species of phialocephala, p. glacialis sp. nov. both species are closely related to dse of the phialocepha ... | 2009 | 19015028 |
| ectomycorrhizal root tips in relation to site and stand characteristics in norway spruce and scots pine stands in boreal forests. | variations in ectomycorrhizal (ecm) short root tips of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in 16 stands throughout finland were studied, and their relationships with latitude, organic layer c:n ratio, temperature sum and foliage biomass were determined. there were no significant differences in ecm root tip frequency (number per milligram of fine roots) or root tip mass between tree species or between northern and southern sites. the ecm root tip number pe ... | 2009 | 19203968 |
| summer temperature dependency of larch budmoth outbreaks revealed by alpine tree-ring isotope chronologies. | larch budmoth (lbm, zeiraphera diniana gn.) outbreaks cause discernable physical alteration of cell growth in tree rings of host subalpine larch (larix decidua mill.) in the european alps. however, it is not clear if these outbreaks also impact isotopic signatures in tree-ring cellulose, thereby masking climatic signals. we compared lbm outbreak events in stable carbon and oxygen isotope chronologies of larch and their corresponding tree-ring widths from two high-elevation sites (1800-2200 m a.s ... | 2009 | 19219459 |
| microwave-assisted rapid plant sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy. | the preparation of plant leaf material for transmission electron microscopical investigations can be a very time- and labour-consuming task as the reagents infiltrate the samples quite slowly and as usually most steps have to be performed manually. fixation, buffer washes, dehydration, resin infiltration and polymerization of the resin-infiltrated leaf samples can take several days before the specimen can be cut ultrathin and used for ultrastructural investigations. in this study, we present a m ... | 2009 | 19220692 |
| screening of selected food and medicinal plant extracts for pancreatic lipase inhibition. | lipids are important components in human nutrition; however, their increased intake contributes to the development of obesity and can lead to multiple long-term complications. pancreatic lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase, ec 3.1.1.3) is a key enzyme for the absorption of dietary triglycerides. interference with fat hydrolysis results in the reduced utilization of ingested lipids, therefore inhibition of lipases decreases fat absorption. extracts from 106 species of medicinal plants, vegetabl ... | 2009 | 19107742 |
| conifer embryogenic tissue initiation: improvements by supplementation of medium with d-xylose and d-chiro-inositol. | a major barrier to the commercialization of somatic embryogenesis technology in loblolly pine (lp, pinus taeda l.) is recalcitrance of some high-value crosses to initiate embryogenic tissue and to continue early-stage somatic embryo growth. developing initiation and multiplication media that resemble the seed environment may decrease this recalcitrance. sugar and sugar alcohol analyses were performed weekly throughout the sequence of seed development for female gametophyte and zygotic embryo tis ... | 2009 | 19203940 |
| root proliferation of norway spruce and scots pine in response to local magnesium supply in soil. | nutrient sources in soils are often heterogeneously distributed. although many studies have examined the root responses to local n and p enrichments in the soil, less research was conducted on root responses to mg patches. new roots of pre-grown mg-insufficient and mg-sufficient plants of norway spruce (picea abies [l.] karst.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings were allowed to grow into four other pots of equal size, which were placed under the tree-bearing pot. soils in the lower p ... | 2009 | 19203945 |
| effects of stump and slash removal on growth and mycorrhization of picea abies seedlings outplanted on a forest clear-cut. | the objectives of this study were to investigate impact of stump and slash removal on growth and mycorrhization of picea abies seedlings outplanted on a forest clear-cut. four non-replicated site preparation treatments included: (1) mounding (m), (2) removal of stumps (k), (3) mounding and removal of logging slash (hm) and (4) removal of logging slash and stumps (hk). results showed that height increment of the seedlings was highest in k and lowest in m after the third growing season, and simila ... | 2010 | 20174952 |
| cryptic speciation and community structure of herpotrichia juniperi, the causal agent of brown felt blight of conifers. | conifer twigs showing brown felt blight were collected along 100-m long transects at the timberline in the swiss alps and single-hyphal-tip cultures were prepared. forty-seven of the sequenced 48 strains were herpotrichia juniperi based on sequence comparisons of the internal transcribed spacers (its). a non-sporulating strain was tentatively identified as another, undescribed herpotrichia species. herpotrichia coulteri was not isolated. most strains were from juniperus communis var. saxatilis, ... | 2009 | 19450682 |
| the role of xylem class iii peroxidases in lignification. | lignification is a cell wall fortifying process which occurs in xylem tissue in a scheduled manner during tissue differentiation. in this review, enzymes and the genes responsible for lignin biosynthesis have been studied with an emphasis on lignin polymerizing class iii secretable plant peroxidases. our aim is to understand the cell and molecular biology of the polymerization of lignin especially in tracheids and vessels of woody species but much of the experimental evidence comes from herbaceo ... | 2009 | 19264758 |
| different atmospheric methane-oxidizing communities in european beech and norway spruce soils. | norway spruce (picea abies) forests exhibit lower annual atmospheric methane consumption rates than do european beech (fagus sylvatica) forests. in the current study, pmoa (encoding a subunit of membrane-bound ch(4) monooxygenase) genes from three temperate forest ecosystems with both beech and spruce stands were analyzed to assess the potential effect of tree species on methanotrophic communities. a pmoa sequence difference of 7% at the derived protein level correlated with the species-level di ... | 2010 | 20348309 |
| effects of norway spruce (picea abies) resin on cell wall and cell membrane of staphylococcus aureus. | resin salve prepared from norway spruce (picea abies) has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat skin diseases. the authors studied with transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and with electron physiology, changes in cell wall and cell membrane of staphylococcus aureus after exposure of the bacterial cultures to resin. after exposure, cell wall thickening, cell aggregation, changed branching of fatty acids, and dissipation of membrane potential of the bacterial cells we ... | 2009 | 19479653 |
| wox2 and polar auxin transport during spruce embryo pattern formation. | the wox family of transcription factors and polar auxin transport (pat) are both essential for embryonic patterning and thus normal embryo development in angiosperms. recent analysis by us of wox-related genes in picea and pinus suggests that they play fundamental roles during embryo development also in conifers. it has been proposed that there is a connection between the spatial separation of wox2 and wox8, and pat in the formation of the apical-basal axis in arabidopsis embryos and that both a ... | 2009 | 19649198 |
| intra-annual variability of anatomical structure and delta(13)c values within tree rings of spruce and pine in alpine, temperate and boreal europe. | tree-ring width, wood density, anatomical structure and (13)c/(12)c ratios expressed as delta(13)c-values of whole wood of picea abies were investigated for trees growing in closed canopy forest stands. samples were collected from the alpine renon site in north italy, the lowland hainich site in central germany and the boreal flakaliden site in north sweden. in addition, pinus cembra was studied at the alpine site and pinus sylvestris at the boreal site. the density profiles of tree rings were m ... | 2009 | 19653008 |
| [water-holding characteristics of coniferous forest litters in west qinling mountains]. | by the methods of field survey and soaking extraction, the storage, water-holding capacity, water-holding rate, and water-absorption rate of the litters in larix principis-ruprechtii, larix kaempferi, picea asperate, and picea abies plantations in west qinling mountains were studied. the results showed that the litter storage in the four similar aged coniferous forests decreased in the order of p. asperate (29.81 t x hm(-2)) > p. abies (26.17 t x hm(-2)) > l. kaempferi (13.30 t x hm(-2)) > l. ru ... | 2008 | 19238830 |
| [peculiarities of population-genetic structure of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst) from ukrainian carpathians and poles'e]. | genetic differences of various populations of picea abies (l.) karst.) have been studied basing on 20 allozyme loci variability. two populations located in ukrainian carpathians (1000-1500 m above sea level) and one plain, island, and scanty population of polesrye were compared. despite their different high-altitude location, geographical remoteness and population size the very low genetic differentiation (dn = 0,003-0,005) was observed. recombination variability analysis showed that populations ... | 2008 | 19253751 |
| fine root decomposition rates do not mirror those of leaf litter among temperate tree species. | elucidating the function of and patterns among plant traits above ground has been a major research focus, while the patterns and functioning of belowground traits remain less well understood. even less well known is whether species differences in leaf traits and their associated biogeochemical effects are mirrored by differences in root traits and their effects. we studied fine root decomposition and n dynamics in a common garden study of 11 temperate european and north american tree species (ab ... | 2010 | 19882174 |
| volatiles from a mite-infested spruce clone and their effects on pine weevil behavior. | induced responses by norway spruce (picea abies) seedlings to feeding damage by two mite species were studied by analyzing the volatiles emitted during infestation. four specimens of a norway spruce (picea abies l.) clone were infested with mites of nalepella sp., another four with oligonychus ununguis, and four were kept mite-free as controls. after a year of infestation, spruce volatiles were collected, analyzed, and identified using spme-gc-ms. in addition, enantiomers of chiral limonene and ... | 2009 | 19902304 |
| below-ground carbon allocation in mature beech and spruce trees following long-term, experimentally enhanced o3 exposure in southern germany. | canopies of adult european beech (fagus sylvatica) and norway spruce (picea abies) were labeled with co(2) depleted in (13)c to evaluate carbon allocation belowground. one-half the trees were exposed to elevated o(3) for 6 yrs prior to and during the experiment. soil-gas sampling wells were placed at 8 and 15 cm and soil co(2) was sampled during labeling in mid-late august, 2006. in beech, delta(13)co(2) at both depths decreased approximately 50 h after labeling, reflecting rapid translocation o ... | 2010 | 20641169 |
| eriophyoid mites (acari: eriophyoidea) on coniferous trees: is the occurrence of one species associated with the other? | although eriophyoidea is one of the most important phytophagous mite taxa owing to its negative impact on plants, reports on associations between occurrences of eriophyoid species are scarce. the aim of this paper is to test the hypothesis that the occurrence of one species is correlated with the occurrence of another in some predictive manner. analyses are carried out for two popular coniferous trees in poland, i.e., norway spruce (picea abies) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris). observations we ... | 2010 | 19690969 |
| a bifunctional geranyl and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase is involved in terpene oleoresin formation in picea abies. | the conifer picea abies (norway spruce) defends itself against herbivores and pathogens with a terpenoid-based oleoresin composed chiefly of monoterpenes (c(10)) and diterpenes (c(20)). an important group of enzymes in oleoresin biosynthesis are the short-chain isoprenyl diphosphate synthases that produce geranyl diphosphate (c(10)), farnesyl diphosphate (c(15)), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (c(20)) as precursors of different terpenoid classes. we isolated a gene from p. abies via a homology-b ... | 2010 | 19939949 |
| long-term changes in aluminum fractions of drainage waters in two forest catchments with contrasting lithology. | aluminum (al) chemistry was studied in soils and waters of two catchments covered by spruce (picea abies) monocultures in the czech republic that represent geochemical end-members of terrestrial and aquatic sensitivity to acidic deposition. the acid-sensitive lysina catchment, underlain by granite, was compared to the acid-resistant pluhův bor catchment on serpentine. organically-bound al was the largest pool of reactive soil al at both sites. very high median total al (alt) concentrations (40 m ... | 2009 | 19748678 |
| does nitrogen deposition increase forest production? the role of phosphorus. | effects of elevated n deposition on forest aboveground biomass were evaluated using long-term data from n addition experiments and from forest observation plots in switzerland. n addition experiments with saplings were established both on calcareous and on acidic soils, in 3 plots with fagus sylvatica and in 4 plots with picea abies. the treatments were conducted during 15 years and consisted of additions of dry nh4no3 at rates of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 kg n ha(-1) yr(-1). the same tree spec ... | 2010 | 20015583 |
| lead isotope ratios in tree bark pockets: an indicator of past air pollution in the czech republic. | tree bark pockets were collected at four sites in the czech republic with differing levels of lead (pb) pollution. the samples, spanning 1923-2005, were separated from beech (fagus sylvatica) and spruce (picea abies). elevated pb content (0.1-42.4 microg g(-1)) reflected air pollution in the city of prague. the lowest pb content (0.3-2.6 microg g(-1)) was found at the kosetice emep "background pollution" site. changes in (206)pb/(207)pb and (208)pb/(206)pb isotope ratios were in agreement with o ... | 2008 | 18597820 |
| underestimation of terpene exposure in the nordic wood industry. | this study determined that emission of sesquiterpenes from processed wood warrants attention in the work environment. currently, only the monoterpenes in the terpene group are monitored in occupational hygiene studies. terpene emissions are a work environment issue for industries that process wood, as they are known to cause respiratory difficulties and mucous membrane irritation. fresh sawdust of the most common boreal conifers, norway spruce (picea abies) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris), was ... | 2010 | 20029714 |
| determination of de novo and pool emissions of terpenes from four common boreal/alpine trees by 13co2 labelling and ptr-ms analysis. | boreal forests emit a large amount of monoterpenes into the atmosphere. traditionally these emissions are assumed to originate as evaporation from large storage pools. thus, their diurnal cycle would depend mostly on temperature. however, there is indication that a significant part of the monoterpene emission would originate directly from de novo synthesis. by applying 13co2 fumigation and analyzing the isotope fractions with proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (ptr-ms) and classical gc-m ... | 2010 | 20040067 |
| combining sap flow and eddy covariance approaches to derive stomatal and non-stomatal o3 fluxes in a forest stand. | stomatal o3 fluxes to a mixed beech/spruce stand (fagus sylvatica/picea abies) in central europe were determined using two different approaches. the sap flow technique yielded the tree-level transpiration, whereas the eddy covariance method provided the stand-level evapotranspiration. both data were then converted into stomatal ozone fluxes, exemplifying this novel concept for july 2007. sap flow-based stomatal o3 flux was 33% of the total o3 flux, whereas derivation from evapotranspiration rate ... | 2010 | 20056523 |
| simulating stand climate, phenology, and photosynthesis of a forest stand with a process-based growth model. | in the face of climate change and accompanying risks, forest management in europe is becoming increasingly important. model simulations can help to understand the reactions and feedbacks of a changing environment on tree growth. in order to simulate forest growth based on future climate change scenarios, we tested the basic processes underlying the growth model balance, simulating stand climate (air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (par) and precipitation), tree phenology, and ph ... | 2010 | 20084520 |
| culturable bacterial populations associated with ectomycorrhizae of norway spruce stands with different degrees of decline in the czech republic. | the aim of this study was to determine which species of culturable bacteria are associated with ectomycorrhizae (ecm) of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst) in the sudety mountains, exposed for years to atmospheric pollutants, acid rain, and climatic stress, and to identify particular species that have adapted to those conditions. biolog identification was performed on bacterial species from ecm of adult spruce trees and seedlings of stands with low, intermediate, and high forest decline. bac ... | 2010 | 20130694 |
| individual variability in tree allometry determines light resource allocation in forest ecosystems: a hierarchical bayesian approach. | tree species differences in crown size and shape are often highlighted as key characteristics determining light interception strategies and successional dynamics. the phenotypic plasticity of species in response to light and space availability suggests that intraspecific variability can have potential consequences on light interception and community dynamics. species crown size varies depending on site characteristics and other factors at the individual level which differ from competition for li ... | 2010 | 20169451 |
| impact of experimentally elevated ozone on seed germination and growth of russian pine (pinus sylvestris) and spruce (picea spp.) provenances. | the impact of elevated ozone concentrations on early ontogenetic stages of pine (pinus sylvestris) and spruce (picea abies, picea obovata, p. abies x p. obovata) seedlings originating from different provenances in russia were studied in the open-field ozone fumigation system located in kuopio, finland, over a span of 2 y. the aot40 value (accumulated ozone dose over the threshold 40 ppb during daylight hours) was 11 ppm hr per growing season, which was 1.4 times higher than the ambient air conce ... | 2009 | 20175444 |
| cold-regulated proteins with potent antifreeze and cryoprotective activities in spruces (picea spp.). | antifreeze proteins (afps) were obtained from intercellular spaces of spruce needles picea abies (l.) karst. and picea pungens engelm. by vacuum infiltration with ascorbic acid, followed by centrifugation to recover the infiltrate. as shown by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds- page), apoplastic proteins are accumulated in these spruce species as a group of 5-9 polypeptide bands. these proteins have a molecular mass of 7-80 kda. the spruce afps have the ability to m ... | 2009 | 19444972 |
| ectomycorrhization of tricholoma matsutake and two major conifers in finland-an assessment of in vitro mycorrhiza formation. | this study aimed to test the ability of tricholoma matsutake isolates to form mycorrhizas with aseptic seedlings of pinus sylvestris l. and picea abies (l.) karst. germinated seedlings of scots pine and norway spruce were separately inoculated with either isolates originating from finland or japan. eight months after inoculation, the finnish isolate had formed a sheath and hartig net on both host species. ectomycorrhizal scots pine seedlings inoculated with the finnish isolate showed the same sh ... | 2010 | 20177716 |
| variation in host specificity and gene content in strains from genetically isolated lineages of the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus s. lat. | ectomycorrhizal fungi are known to vary in host range. some fungi can enter into symbiosis with multiple plant species, while others have restricted host ranges. the aim of this study was to examine variation in host specificity among strains from the basidiomycete paxillus involutus s. lat. recent studies have shown that this fungus consists of at least four genetically isolated lineages, phylogenetic species (ps) i (which corresponds to the morphological species paxillus obscurosporus), ps ii ... | 2009 | 19452174 |
| immunomodulatory activity of the lignan 7-hydroxymatairesinol potassium acetate (hmr/lignan) extracted from the heartwood of norway spruce (picea abies). | the pharmacological profile of the lignan 7-hydroxymatairesinol (hmr/lignan, hmr) includes chemopreventive effects, antioxidant properties, and mild proestrogenic activity. the present study was devised to investigate the effects of hmr on thp-1 cells, an established model of human monocytes, and on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns). in thp-1 cells, hmr concentration-dependently reduced lps-stimulated tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha secretion in the supernatant. hmr at low, sub-mum con ... | 2010 | 20005303 |
| do heavy metals and metalloids influence the detoxification of organic xenobiotics in plants? | mixed pollution with trace elements and organic industrial compounds is characteristic for many spill areas and dumping sites. the danger for the environment and human health from such sites is large, and sustainable remediation strategies are urgently needed. phytoremediation seems to be a cheap and environmentally sound option for the removal of unwanted compounds, and the hyperaccumulation of trace elements and toxic metals is seemingly independent from the metabolism of organic xenobiotics. ... | 2009 | 19462193 |
| distribution of (1->4)-beta-galactans, arabinogalactan proteins, xylans and (1->3)-beta-glucans in tracheid cell walls of softwoods. | polysaccharides were located in the walls of normal and compression wood tracheids of pinus radiata (radiata pine), picea sitchensis (sitka spruce) and picea abies (norway spruce) by transmission electron microscopy using immunogold labelling with monoclonal antibodies to (1-->4)-beta-galactan (lm5), (1-->3)-beta-glucan, arabinogalactan proteins (agps) (mac207) and heteroxylans (lm10 and lm11). in fully differentiated compression wood tracheids, (1-->4)-beta-galactan was found in the s2((l)) lay ... | 2010 | 20382964 |
| the impact of ambient ozone on mountain spruce forests in the czech republic as indicated by malondialdehyde. | malondialdehyde (mda), a product of lipid peroxidation and biomarker of oxidative stress, is measured over the long term in spruce picea abies needles under real conditions in three czech mountain border areas. the trends presented collate the mda content in spruce needles with ambient ozone, temperature and precipitation as casual, and defoliation as a subsequent factor for the period 1994-2006. we have found the overall decreasing trends in mda and defoliation. the highest mda and defoliation ... | 2010 | 20466470 |
| diversity and pathogenicity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with tetropium species colonizing picea abies in poland. | the ophiostomatoid fungi associated with cerambycid beetles tetropium spp. (their symbiotic vectors) colonizing norway spruce in poland (six species collected) were isolated. the virulence of representative isolates was evaluated through inoculations using 2-year-old norway spruce seedlings. a total of 1325 isolates (ophiostoma piceae, o. tetropii, o. minus, grosmannia piceiperda, g. cucullata, and five other less frequent taxa) were obtained. tetropium castaneum and t. fuscum were vectors of si ... | 2010 | 20490757 |
| evaluating the suitability of management strategies of pure norway spruce forests in the black forest area of southwest germany for adaptation to or mitigation of climate change. | the study deals with the problem of evaluating management strategies for pure stands of norway spruce (picea abies karst) to balance adaptation to and mitigation of climate change, taking into account multiple objectives of a forest owner. a simulation and optimization approach was used to evaluate the management of a 1000 ha model age-class forest, representing the age-class distribution of an area of 66,000 ha of pure norway spruce forests in the black forest region of southwest germany. eight ... | 2010 | 20016985 |
| logging residue removal after thinning in boreal forests: long-term impact on the nutrient status of norway spruce and scots pine needles. | the aim of this study was to compare how conventional stem harvesting (ch) and whole-tree harvesting (wth) in the first, and in some cases also in the second, thinning affect the needle nutrient status of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) stands in finland. a series of 12 long-term field experiments was studied. the experiments were established during 1978-86. the effects of logging residue removal after thinnings on the needle nutrient concentrations w ... | 2010 | 19934174 |
| production of ectomycorrhizal mycelium peaks during canopy closure in norway spruce forests. | *here, species composition and biomass production of actively growing ectomycorrhizal (em) mycelia were studied over the rotation period of managed norway spruce (picea abies) stands in south-western sweden. *the em mycelia were collected using ingrowth mesh bags incubated in the forest soil during one growing season. fungal biomass was estimated by ergosterol analysis and the em species were identified by 454 sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (its) amplicons. nutrient availability and t ... | 2010 | 20561206 |