Publications

influence of different organic fertilizers on quality parameters and the delta(15)n, delta(13)c, delta(2)h, delta(34)s, and delta(18)o values of orange fruit (citrus sinensis l. osbeck).	to investigate the influence of different types of fertilizers on quality parameters, n-containing compounds, and the delta(15)n, delta(13)c, delta(2)h, delta (34)s, and delta(18)o values of citrus fruit, a study was performed on the orange fruit cv. 'valencia late' (citrus sinensis l. osbeck), which was harvested in four plots (three organic and one conventional) located on the same farm. the results demonstrated that different types of organic fertilizers containing the same amount of nitrogen ...	2010	20184327
development of a small scale orange juice extractor.	a small scale motorized orange juice extractor was designed and fabricated, using locally-available construction materials. the essential components of the machine include feeding hopper, top cover, worm shaft, juice sieve, juice collector, waste outlet, transmission belt, main frame, pulleys and bearings. in operation, the worm shaft conveys, crushes, presses and squeezes the fruit to extract the juice. the juice extracted is filtered through the juice sieve into juice collector while the resid ...	2010	23572610
biochemical properties of alpha-amylase from peel of citrus sinensis cv. abosora.	alpha-amylase activity was screened in the peel, as waste fruit, of 13 species and cultivars of egyptian citrus. the species citrus sinensis cv. abosora had the highest activity. alpha-amylase ai from abosora peel was purified to homogeneity using anion and cation-exchange, and gel filtration chromatographies. molecular weight of alpha-amylase ai was found to be 42 kda. the hydrolysis properties of alpha-amylase ai toward different substrates indicated that corn starch is the best substrate. the ...	2010	19941088
use of a custom array to study differentially expressed genes during blood orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck) ripening.	a flesh-specific oligonucleotide custom array was designed to study gene expression during blood orange ripening. the array included 301 probes derived from a subtracted ssh library, a cdna-aflp collection, and a set of regulatory genes from the harvest citrus database. the custom array was hybridized using samples of moro, a pigmented cultivar, and cadenera, a common cultivar, at three different ripening stages: the immature phase, the halfway point of maturation (corresponding to the start of ...	2010	19864041
cloning, expression, purification and physical and kinetic characterization of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from orange (citrus sinensis osbeck var. valencia) fruit juice sacs.	phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) carboxylase (pepcase) from orange fruit juice sacs has been cloned and heterogously expressed in high yield. the purified recombinant enzyme displays properties typical of plant pepcase, including activation by sugar phosphates and inhibition by malate and citrate. malate inhibition is weak in the physiological ph range, and the enzyme is also poorly affected by glu and asp, known inhibitors of c(3) plants pepcases. however, it is strongly inhibited by citrate. orange f ...	2010	21802611
timing of the inhibitory effect of fruit on return bloom of 'valencia' sweet orange (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck).	in citrus the inhibitory effect of fruit on flower formation is the main cause of alternate bearing. although there are some studies reporting the effect on flowering of the time of fruit removal in a well-defined stage of fruit development, few have investigated the effect throughout the entire fruit growth stage from early fruitlet growth to fruit maturity. the objective of this study was to determine the phenological fruit developmental stage at which the fruit begins its inhibitory effect on ...	2010	20564309
synergistic and antagonistic interactions of phenolic compounds found in navel oranges.	phenolic compounds are known to have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. these properties may be useful in the preservation of foods or beverages. the interactive antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds within foods has not been well explored. interactions of individual phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, hesperidin, luteolin, myricetin, naringenin, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin) at the concentrations found in navel oranges (citrus sinensis) were analyzed for their antioxidant capaci ...	2010	20722912
[study on synchronous correlation between fruit characteristic spectrum and the parameter of internal quality for hamlin sweet orange fruit].	the purpose of our study is to study the relationship between the reflective spectrum of fruit and the internal quality of the orange fruit and find the suitable mark spectrum that can synchronously measure the several fruit quality index at same time to lay a foundation for the development of a rapid and nondestructive field fruit quality analysis technique by analyzing the visible-near infrared spectrum. mature hamlin orange (citrus sinensis (l)cv. hamlin sweet orange) fruits were individually ...	2010	20545159
quality assessment of industrially processed fruit juices available in dhaka city, bangladesh.	this study was performed to evaluate the nutritional and microbiological quality of industrially processed packed fruit juices of mango (mangifera indica) and orange (citrus sinensis) from nine different manufacturing companies in dhaka city. the highest quantity of total sugar (17.62%) and reducing sugar (9.99%) was recorded in mango juices while the lowest in orange juices (10.41% and 2.24% respectively) of different companies. in this study, protein contents were comparatively higher in mango ...	2010	22691996
chemical constituents of citrus sinensis var. shukri from pakistan.	the variety 'shukri' is a new hybrid of citrus sinensis and is frequently grown for its sweet edible fruits in the southern part of pakistan. the leaves of this hybrid variety have been investigated in search of secondary metabolites for the first time. as a result of chromatographic analysis of the methanolic extract, a new ceramide along with a flavonone glycoside and two steroids has been isolated, which were spectroscopically characterized as (e)-n-(1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexadecan-2-yl)dec-4-e ...	2010	20706908
physicochemical and molecular analysis of cell wall metabolism between two navel oranges (citrus sinensis) with different mastication traits.	fj72-1 navel orange and its bud mutant fjwc exhibit differences in melting texture character which are influenced mostly by cell wall metabolism. here we compared the contents of water soluble pectin (wsp), protopectin, total pectin (tp), cellulose, and hemicellulose, activities of polygalaturonase (pg), pectin methylesterase (pme), pectate lyases (pl), cellulase (cel) and gene expression levels of pg, pme, pl and cel between the two cultivars.	2010	20549800
proteome from lemon fruit flavedo reveals that this tissue produces high amounts of the cit s1 germin-like isoforms.	a multistep procedure has been developed and applied to extract and purify proteins from lemon fruit flavedo. 2de, lc-esi-ms/ms, and bioinformatics were used to detect the high abundance of the germin-like glycoprotein cit s1, a powerful allergen in humans. peptide alignments against citrus est repositories gave the best scores with the c. sinensis cdna (gi\|188354270/ey710037), annotated as unknown sweet orange fruit protein; additional blast of peptides against ncbi databases gave high sequence ...	2010	20499937
comprehensive analysis of expressed sequence tags from the pulp of the red mutant 'cara cara' navel orange (citrus sinensis osbeck).	expressed sequence tag (est) analysis of the pulp of the red-fleshed mutant 'cara cara' navel orange provided a starting point for gene discovery and transcriptome survey during citrus fruit maturation. interpretation of the est datasets revealed that the mutant pulp transcriptome held a high section of stress responses related genes, such as the type iii metallothionein-like gene (6.0%), heat shock protein (2.8%), cu/zn superoxide dismutase (0.8%), late embryogenesis abundant protein 5 (0.8%), ...	2010	20883438
characterization of three terpenoid glycosyltransferase genes in 'valencia' sweet orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck).	three putative terpenoid udp-glycosyltransferase (ugt) genes, designated csugt1, csugt2, and csugt3, were isolated and characterized in 'valencia' sweet orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck). csugt1 consisted of 1493 nucleotides with an open reading frame encoding 492 amino acids, csugt2 consisted of 1727 nucleotides encoding 504 amino acids, and csugt3 consisted of 1705 nucleotides encoding 468 amino acids. csugt3 had a 145 bp intron at 730-874, whereas csugt1 and csugt2 had none. the three deduce ...	2010	20962888
free and bound cinnamic acid derivatives in corsica sweet blond oranges.	total determination of cinnamic acids (ca), including hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives is generally not accurate since, during hydrolysis, a possible degradation of dihydroxy ca such as caffeic acid could occur. evaluations of ca (ferulic, p-coumaric, sinapic, cinnamic and caffeic acids) before and after hydrolysis have been undertaken using standards and either with or without addition of ascorbic acid and edta. the method was then applied to the determination of free and bound ca in five blond ...	2010	20420324
discovery and comparative profiling of micrornas in a sweet orange red-flesh mutant and its wild type.	red-flesh fruit is absent from common sweet orange varieties, but is more preferred by consumers due to its visual attraction and nutritional properties. our previous researches on a spontaneous red-flesh mutant revealed that the trait is caused by lycopene accumulation and is regulated by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. however, the knowledge on post-transcriptional regulation of lycopene accumulation in fruits is rather limited so far.	2010	20398412
light controls phospholipase a2alpha and beta gene expression in citrus sinensis.	the low-molecular weight secretory phospholipase a2alpha (csspla2alpha) and beta (cspla2beta) cloned in this study exhibited diurnal rhythmicity in leaf tissue of citrus sinensis. only csspla2alpha displayed distinct diurnal patterns in fruit tissues. csspla2alpha and cspla2beta diurnal expression exhibited periods of approximately 24 h; csspla2alpha amplitude averaged 990-fold in the leaf blades from field-grown trees, whereas cspla2beta amplitude averaged 6.4-fold. diurnal oscillation of csspl ...	2010	20388744
identification of thermolabile pectin methylesterases from sweet orange fruit by peptide mass fingerprinting.	the multiple forms of the enzyme pectin methylesterase (pme) present in citrus fruit tissues vary in activity toward juice cloud-associated pectin substrates and, thus, in their impact on juice cloud stability and product quality. because the proteins responsible for individual pme activities are rarely identified by structural properties or correlated to specific pme genes, matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization with tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof/tof ms) was investigat ...	2010	21053908
cold susceptibility and disinfestation of bactrocera invadens (diptera: tephritidae) in oranges.	to develop a cold disinfestation treatment for the fruit fly bactrocera invadens drew, tsuruta & white (diptera: tephritidae) that is rapidly spreading across africa, research was conducted in nairobi, kenya, using flies from a laboratory culture and 'valencia' orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck) as the host. the developmental rate of b. invadens in valencia oranges was determined at 28 degrees c, and the third instar was found to be the least susceptible of the egg and larval life stages to cold ...	2011	21882681
a proteomic analysis of the chromoplasts isolated from sweet orange fruits [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck].	here, a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the chromoplasts purified from sweet orange using nycodenz density gradient centrifugation is reported. a gelc-ms/ms shotgun approach was used to identify the proteins of pooled chromoplast samples. a total of 493 proteins were identified from purified chromoplasts, of which 418 are putative plastid proteins based on in silico sequence homology and functional analyses. based on the predicted functions of these identified plastid proteins, a large propo ...	2011	21841170
partial dehydration and cryopreservation of citrus seeds.	three categories of seed storage behavior are generally recognized among plant species: orthodox, intermediate and recalcitrant. intermediate seeds cannot be stored in liquid nitrogen (ln) without a previous partial dehydration process. the water content (wc) of the seeds at the moment of immersion in ln must be regarded as the most critical factor in cryopreservation. the purpose of this study was to investigate the basis of the optimal hydration status for cryopreservation of citrus seeds: c. ...	2011	21538368
determination of volatile, phenolic, organic acid and sugar components in a turkish cv. dortyol (citrus sinensis l. osbeck) orange juice.	orange flavour is the results of a natural combination of volatile compounds in a well-balanced system including sugars, acids and phenolic compounds. this paper reports the results of the first determination of aroma, organic acids, sugars, and phenolic components in dortyol yerli orange juices.	2011	21480267
photosynthesis down-regulation precedes carbohydrate accumulation under sink limitation in citrus.	photosynthesis down-regulation due to an imbalance between sources and sinks in citrus leaves could be mediated by excessive accumulation of carbohydrates. however, there is limited understanding of the physiological role of soluble and insoluble carbohydrates in photosynthesis regulation and the elements triggering the down-regulation process. in this work, the role of non-structural carbohydrates in the regulation of photosynthesis under a broad spectrum of source-sink relationships has been i ...	2011	21367744
expression analysis in response to low temperature stress in blood oranges: implication of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway.	the productivity and the geographical distribution of most commercially important citrus varieties are markedly affected by environmental low temperatures. as gene engineering has been shown to be a favourable alternative to produce germplasm with improved cold tolerance, a broad group of cold regulated genes have been previously identified from several citrus spp. by contrast, little information regarding the cold stress response of pigmented sweet orange varieties is available although they mi ...	2011	21349317
neurotrophic effect of citrus 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone: promotion of neurite outgrowth via camp/pka/creb pathway in pc12 cells.	5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone (5-oh-hxmf), a hydroxylated polymethoxyflavone, is found exclusively in the citrus genus, particularly in the peels of sweet orange. in this research, we report the first investigation of the neurotrophic effects and mechanism of 5-oh-hxmf in pc12 pheochromocytoma cells. we found that 5-oh-hxmf can effectively induce pc12 neurite outgrowth accompanied with the expression of neuronal differentiation marker protein growth-associated protein-43(gap-43). 5- ...	2011	22140566
stage and tissue-specific modulation of ten conserved mirnas and their targets during somatic embryogenesis of valencia sweet orange.	somatic embryogenesis (se) is a remarkable process of plant somatic cells developing into an embryo capable of forming a complete plant. mirnas play important roles in plant development by regulating expression of their target genes, but its function in se has rarely been studied. herein, ten conserved mirnas with critical functions in plant development are detected by stem-loop qrt-pcr in the se system of valencia sweet orange. sixteen unigenes from citrus are predicted to be targeted by six of ...	2011	21103993
citrus essential oil of nigeria. part v: volatile constituents of sweet orange leaf oil (citrus sinensis).	the volatile oils extracted from leaves of eight cultivars of citrus sinensis (l) osbeck were comprehensively analysed by a combination of gc and gc-ms. fifty four constituents accounting for 82.3-98.2% were identified. sabinene (20.9-49.1%), delta-3-carene (0.3-14.3%), (e)-beta-ocimene (4.4-12.6%), linalool (3.7-11.1%) and terpinen-4-ol (1.7-12.5%) were the major constituents that are common to all the volatile oils. in addition, a cluster analysis was carried out and indicated at least four di ...	2011	21815430
longevity of multiple species of tephritid (diptera) fruit fly parasitoids (hymenoptera: braconidae: opiinae) provided exotic and sympatric-fruit based diets.	while adult parasitic hymenoptera in general feed on floral and extrafloral nectars, hemipteran-honeydews and fluids from punctured hosts, diachasmimorpha longicaudata (ashmead), an old world opiine braconid introduced to tropical/subtropical america for the biological control of anastrepha spp. (tephritidae), can survive on fruit juices as they seep from injured fruit. an ability to exploit fruit juice would allow such a parasitoid to efficiently forage for hosts and food sources simultaneously ...	2011	21839085
fiber concentrate from orange (citrus sinensis l.) bagase: characterization and application as bakery product ingredient.	orange is a tropical fruit used in the juice industry, yielding important quantities of by products. the objective of this work was to obtain a dietary fiber-rich orange bagasse product (dfrobp), evaluate its chemical composition and its use in the preparation of a bakery product (muffin). muffins containing two different levels of dfrobp were studied regarding chemical composition, in vitro starch digestibility, predicted glyceamic index and acceptability in a sensory test. dfrobp showed low fa ...	2011	21731434
comparative analysis of the volatile fraction of fruit juice from different citrus species.	the volatile composition of fruit from four citrus varieties (powell navel orange, clemenules mandarine, and fortune mandarine and chandler pummelo) covering four different species has been studied. over one hundred compounds were profiled after hs-spme-gc-ms analysis, including 27 esters, 23 aldehydes, 21 alcohols, 13 monoterpene hydrocarbons, 10 ketones, 5 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, 4 monoterpene cyclic ethers, 4 furans, and 2 aromatic hydrocarbons, which were all confirmed with standards. th ...	2011	21818287
[research on optimization of model for detecting sugar content of navel orange by online near infrared spectroscopy].	the objective of the present research was to optimize the model of sugar content in navel orange for improving the detection presicion by the online near infrared spectroscopy. the reference wavelength was chosen by coefficient of variation of the different wavelengths in the calibration set in the wavelength range of 700.28 - 933.79 nm. then the spectra were transformed into ratio specra. the absorbance and ration spectra were pretreated by different preprocessing methods. the models of sugar c ...	2011	21800571
chemical elements in organic and conventional sweet oranges.	this work focuses on the determination of chemical elements in sweet oranges of variety valencia produced under organic and conventional systems using instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. the distribution of chemical elements was variable among the fruit parts with usually higher concentrations of br, ca, ce, k, la, na, rb, and sc in the peel. however, k, na, and rb also presented high values in the juice samples, while fe and zn were higher ...	2011	21735113
analysis of bioactive compounds in seven citrus cultivars.	chemical content in peels of fruits belonging to cultivars of clementine mandarin (fino, loretina and marisol), satsume mandarin (owari), navel orange (navelate and navelina) and common orange (valencia late) groups have been analyzed. the influence of the variety on the content of bioactive constituents at the varietal level is discussed. rind contents showed similar tendencies for the majority of compounds although satsume group presented the highest amounts on the flavanone glycosides hesperi ...	2011	21364046
mutations of β-tubulin codon 198 or 200 indicate thiabendazole resistance among isolates of penicillium digitatum collected from citrus in taiwan.	penicillium digitatum causes green mold on citrus, resulting in severe postharvest fruit decay and economic losses in many citrus-producing areas of the world. forty isolates of p. digitatum were cultured from citrus groves, packinghouses, and local markets in taiwan, and assessed quantitatively for their sensitivity to thiabendazole (tbz) fungicide. sensitivity assays using a 96-well microtiter plate revealed that, of 40 isolates examined, only one isolate collected from fruit produced in taiwa ...	2011	21868117
to compare the efficacy of two kinds of zhizhu pills in the treatment of functional dyspepsia of spleen-deficiency and qi-stagnation syndrome: a randomized group sequential comparative trial.	in traditional chinese medicine (tcm) theory, functional dyspepsia (fd) can be divided into different syndromes according to different clinical symptoms and signs, and the most common one is spleen-deficiency and qi-stagnation syndrome that can be treated by chinese traditional patent medicine--two kinds of zhizhu pills, between which the primary difference in ingredients is that one contains immature orange fruit of citrus aurantium l.(ifca) and the other contains that of citrus sinensis osbeck ...	2011	21762493
limonoid content of sour orange varieties.	modern citrus cultivars are thought to have arisen from three parents: the pummelo, the mandarin, and citron. taxological and genetic data support that sweet and sour oranges share a common parentage. however, as their name suggests, the organoleptic properties of the fruit from these two families is distinctly different. analysis of the limonoid content of sour orange varieties has been limited.	2011	21681758
physical location of the carotenoid biosynthesis genes psy and β-lcy in capsicum annuum (solanaceae) using heterologous probes from citrus sinensis (rutaceae).	carotenoids are responsible for a range of fruit colors in different hot pepper (capsicum) varieties, from white to deep red. color traits are genetically determined by three loci, y, c1, and c2, which are associated with carotenogenic genes. although such genes have been localized on genetic maps of capsicum and anchored in lycopersicon and solanum, physical mapping in capsicum has been restricted to only a few clusters of some multiple copy genes. heterologous probes from single copy genes hav ...	2011	21425090
temperature thresholds and degree-day model for marmara gulosa (lepidoptera: gracillariidae).	the developmental thresholds for marmara gulosa guillén & davis (lepidoptera: gracillariidae) were investigated in the laboratory by using 17, 21, 25, 29, and 33 degrees c. the lowest mortality occurred in cohorts exposed to 25 and 29 degrees c. other temperatures caused >10% mortality primarily in egg and first and second instar sap-feeding larvae. linear regression analysis approximated the lower developmental threshold at 12.2 degrees c. high mortality and slow developmental rate at 33 degree ...	2011	21882694
glycaemic response to some commonly eaten fruits in type 2 diabetes mellitus.	it is not known which of the commonly consumed fruits in nigeria are suitable for persons with diabetes mellitus especially with regards to the attendant plasma glucose response (pgr) to consumption of such fruits.	2011	21984455
efficacy of herbal essential oils as insecticide against aedes aegypti (linn.), culex quinquefasciatus (say) and anopheles dirus (peyton and harrison).	the essential oils of cananga odorata (ylang ylang), citrus sinensis (orange), cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), cymbopogon nardus (citronella grass), eucalyptus citriodora (eucalyptus), ocimum basilicum (sweet basil) and syzygium aromaticum (clove), were tested for their insecticide activity against aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles dirus using the who standard susceptibility test. these were applied in soybean oil at dose of 1%, 5% and 10% (w/v). c. citratus had the kt, value ...	2011	22299433
interaction of hesperetin glucuronide conjugates with human bcrp, mrp2 and mrp3 as detected in membrane vesicles of overexpressing baculovirus-infected sf9 cells.	the citrus flavonoid hesperetin (4'-methoxy-3',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone) is the aglycone of hesperidin, the major flavonoid present in sweet oranges. hesperetin 7-o-glucuronide (h7g) and hesperetin 3'-o-glucuronide (h3'g) are the two most abundant metabolites of hesperetin in vivo. in this study, their interaction with specific abc transporters, believed to play a role in the disposition and bioavailability of hesperetin, was studied using sf9 membranes from cells overexpressing human bcrp (abcg2 ...	2011	22083890
characterization and comparison of volatile constituents of juice and peel from clementine, mandarin and their hybrids.	the volatile compositions of juice and peel of clementine (citrus reticulata x citrus sinensis var. commune), mandarin (citrus reticulata blanco var. willow leaf) and their hybrids were analyzed by headspace solid-phase extraction (hs-spme) coupled with gas chromatography and either a flame ionization detector (fid) or a mass spectrometer (ms). the major compounds of the volatile fractions of clementine and mandarin were limonene and limonene/gamma-terpinene, respectively. the volatile compositi ...	2011	22164792
cold treatment of ceratitis capitata (diptera: tephritidae) in oranges using a larval endpoint.	south africa currently exports fresh citrus (citrus spp.) fruit to japan using an in-transit cold treatment protocol of 14 d or 12 d at temperatures <0 degrees c for treatment of ceratitis capitata (wiedemann) (diptera: tephritidae) in 'clementine' mandarins (citrus reticulata blanco) and other citrus types, respectively. to reduce the risk of chilling injury with this treatment, research was conducted with temperatures >0 degrees c. earlier south african research had shown that young (6-d-old) ...	2011	21882680
comparison of cell wall metabolism in the pulp of three cultivars of 'nanfeng' tangerine differing in mastication trait.	background: like sweet orange (citrus sinensis), tangerine (citrus reticulata) is another citrus crop grown widely throughout the world. however, whether it shares a common mechanism with sweet orange in forming a given mastication trait is still unclear. in this study, three 'nanfeng' tangerine cultivars, 'yangxiao-26' ('yx-26') with inferior mastication trait, elite 'yx-26' with moderate mastication trait and 'miguang' ('mg') with superior mastication trait, were selected to investigate the fo ...	2011	21732384
metal analysis in citrus sinensis fruit peel and psidium guajava leaf.	the determination of metal traces is very important because they are involved in biological cycles and indicate high toxicity. the objective of the present study is to measure the levels of heavy metals and mineral ions in medicinally important plant species, citrus sinensis and psidium guajava. this study investigates the accumulation of copper (cu), zinc (zn), cadmium (cd), aluminum (al), mercury (hg), arsenic (as), selenium (se) and inorganic minerals like calcium (ca) and magnesium (mg) in c ...	2011	21976824
Regulation of carotenoid accumulation and the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes in citrus juice sacs in vitro.	In the present study, to investigate the mechanisms regulating carotenoid accumulation in citrus, a culture system was set up in vitro with juice sacs of three citrus varieties, Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), and Lisbon lemon (Citrus limon Burm.f.). The juice sacs of all the three varieties enlarged gradually with carotenoid accumulation. The changing patterns of carotenoid content and the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes in juice sacs i ...	2011	21994171
citric acid production from orange peel wastes by solid-state fermentation.	valencia orange (citrus sinensis) peel was employed in this work as raw material for the production of citric acid (ca) by solid-state fermentation (ssf) of aspergillus niger cect-2090 (atcc 9142, nrrl 599) in erlenmeyer flasks. to investigate the effects of the main operating variables, the inoculum concentration was varied in the range 0.5·10(3) to 0.7·10(8) spores/g dry orange peel, the bed loading from 1.0 to 4.8 g of dry orange peel (corresponding to 35-80 % of the total volume), and the mo ...	2011	24031646
juice components and antioxidant capacity of four tunisian citrus varieties.	juices from four citrus species of tunisia were investigated mainly for quality parameters and antioxidant capacity.	2011	20862741
mosquito larvicidal activity of citrus limonoids against aedes albopictus.	citrus limonoids, nomilin and limonin, were used for larvicidal assay against aedes albopictus utilizing who methodology. lc(50s) were 305.83, 176.08, and 136.07 μm for nomilin and 850.09, 600.72, and 407.09 μm for limonin after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. lt(50) assays exhibited that savage citrange oil was the best at all concentrations (400, 500, 600, and 700 ppm) while fairchild and cassa grande were the weakest oils at 400 ppm, but at 500, 600, and 700 ppm, carrizo citrange remained at ...	2011	21212981
biomimetic preparation of polymer-supported free radical scavenging, cytocompatible and antimicrobial "green" silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of citrus sinensis peel.	in the pursuit of making the nanoscale-research greener, the utilization of the reductive potency of a common byproduct of food processing industry i.e. orange peel is reported here to prepare biopolymer-templated "green" silver nanoparticles. aqueous extract of orange peel at basic ph was exploited to prepare starch supported nanoparticles under ambient conditions. the compositional abundance of pectins, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, sugars, carotenoids and myriad other flavones may be envisaged f ...	2011	21316933
selection and validation of reference genes for gene expression studies by reverse transcription quantitative pcr in xanthomonas citri subsp. citri during infection of citrus sinensis.	xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc) causes citrus canker, a worldwide disease found mainly in sweet oranges (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck). the expression of nine candidate internal reference genes was analyzed in xcc grown alone and during c. sinensis infection to identify genes most suitable for comparative expression studies in xcc using reverse transcription quantitative pcr (qrt-pcr). the stability of these genes was determined using the programs genorm, normfinder and bestkeeper. the genes ...	2011	21318633
antioxidant capacity of hesperidin from citrus peel using electron spin resonance and cytotoxic activity against human carcinoma cell lines.	hesperidin is a flavonoid that has various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral activities.	2011	21323480
citrus tristeza virus infection induces the accumulation of viral small rnas (21-24-nt) mapping preferentially at the 3'-terminal region of the genomic rna and affects the host small rna profile.	to get an insight into the host rna silencing defense induced by citrus tristeza virus (ctv) and into the counter defensive reaction mediated by its three silencing suppressors (p25, p20 and p23), we have examined by deep sequencing (solexa-illumina) the small rnas (srnas) in three virus-host combinations. our data show that ctv srnas: (i) represent more than 50% of the total srnas in mexican lime and sweet orange (where ctv reaches relatively high titers), but only 3.5% in sour orange (where th ...	2011	21327514
ectopic expression of mdspds1 in sweet orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) reduces canker susceptibility: involvement of hôééoôéé production and transcriptional alteration.	enormous work has shown that polyamines are involved in a variety of physiological processes, but information is scarce on the potential of modifying disease response through genetic transformation of a polyamine biosynthetic gene.	2011	21439092
inhibition of tnf-α/ifn-γ induced rantes expression in hacat cell by naringin.	context: naringin is a bioflavonoid derivative and is predominantly found in citrus paradisi macf., citrus sinensis (linn.) osbeck, citrus unshiu marc., citrus reticulata blanco cv. nobilis, citrus tachibana (makino) tanaka, citrus junos sieb. ex tanaka (rutaceae), and related citrus species. it has anti-inflammatory effects that have been well-documented, but the mechanism is poorly characterized. objective: the effect of naringin on production of rantes (regulated upon activation normal t-cell ...	2011	21500970
ectopic expression of the p23 silencing suppressor of citrus tristeza virus differentially modifies viral accumulation and tropism in two transgenic woody hosts.	citrus tristeza virus (ctv), a phloem-restricted closterovirus infecting citrus, encodes three different silencing suppressors (p25, p20 and p23), one of which (p23) is a pathogenicity determinant that induces aberrations resembling ctv symptoms when expressed ectopically in transgenic citrus hosts. in this article, the effect of p23 ectopic expression on virus infection was examined in sweet orange (swo), a highly susceptible host, and sour orange (so), which severely restricts ctv cell-to-cell ...	2011	21726389
colonization of citrus seed coats by 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus': implications for seed transmission of the bacterium.	huanglongbing is an economically damaging disease of citrus associated with infection by 'ca. liberibacter asiaticus'. transmission of the organism via infection of seeds has not been demonstrated but is a concern since some citrus varieties, particularly those used as rootstocks in commercial plantings are propagated from seed. we compared the incidence of detection of 'ca. liberibacter asiaticus' dna in individual fruit peduncles, seed coats, seeds and in germinated seedlings from 'sanguenelli ...	2011	21714779
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using citrus sinensis peel extract and its antibacterial activity.	biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) was achieved by a novel, simple green chemistry procedure using citrus sinensis peel extract as a reducing and a capping agent. the effect of temperature on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out at room temperature (25°c) and 60°c. the successful formation of silver nanoparticles has been confirmed by uv-vis, ftir, xrd, edax, fesem and tem analysis and their antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram- ...	2011	21536485
tetraploidization events by chromosome doubling of nucellar cells are frequent in apomictic citrus and are dependent on genotype and environment.	background and aims polyploidy is a major component of plant evolution. the citrus gene pool is essentially diploid but tetraploid plants are frequently encountered in seedlings of diploid apomictic genotypes. the main objectives of the present study were to establish the origin of these tetraploid plants and to ascertain the importance of genotypic and environmental factors on tetraploid formation. methods tetraploid seedlings from 30 diploid apomictic genotypes were selected by flow cytometry ...	2011	21586529
the sucrose synthase-1 promoter from citrus sinensis directs expression of the β-glucuronidase reporter gene in phloem tissue and in response to wounding in transgenic plants.	interest in phloem-specific promoters for the engineering of transgenic plants has been increasing in recent years. in this study we isolated two similar, but distinct, alleles of the citrus sinensis sucrose synthase-1 promoter (cssus1p) and inserted them upstream of the β-glucuronidase (gus) gene to test their ability to drive expression in the phloem of transgenic arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana tabacum. although both promoter variants were capable of conferring localized gus expression in ...	2011	21594624
activity of citrus essential oils against escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. and effects on beef subprimal cuts under refrigeration.	escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. are bacterial pathogens often associated with beef, and cause many cases of foodborne illness each year in the united states. during beef slaughter and processing, these bacteria may spread from the hide or intestines to the carcass. the objective of this research was to investigate the use of naturally occurring compounds citrus essential oils (ceos) extracted from orange peel to reduce or eliminate these pathogens at the chilling stage of processing ...	2011	22417514
evaluation of effects of zingiber officinale on salivation in rats.	there are some herbal plants in iranian traditional system of medicine which are believed to be excellent remedies to alleviate the symptoms of xerostomia. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of systemic administration of seven different herbal extracts on the rate of salivation in rats. the extracts of 7 herbs; zingiber officinale roscoe (zingiberaceae), citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck (rutaceae), artemisia absinthium l. (asteraceae), cichorium intybus l. (asteraceae), pimpinell ...	2011	21874635
Comparison of ascorbate metabolism in fruits of two citrus species with obvious difference in ascorbate content in pulp.	Citrus fruit is widely consumed and provides ascorbate for human health. The ascorbate content in pulp is generally higher in orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) than in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.). However, what contributes to such difference is still unknown. In the present study, ascorbate accumulation, expression profiles of genes involved in L-galactose pathway and activity changes of enzymes related with L-ascorbic acid (AA) oxidation and recycling were investigated during fruit devel ...	2011	21925761
comparative itraq proteome and transcriptome analyses of sweet orange infected by candidatus liberibacter asiaticus.	citrus huanglongbing (hlb) has been threatening citrus production worldwide. in this study, a comparative proteomic approach was applied to understand the pathogenic process of hlb in affected sweet orange leaves. using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (itraq) technique, we identified 686 unique proteins in the mature leaves of both mock-inoculated and diseased 'madam vinous' sweet orange plants. of the identified proteins, 20 and 10 were differentially expressed in lea ...	2011	21838733
isolation, identification and sequence analysis of a thioredoxin h gene, a member of subgroup iii of h-type trxs from grape (vitis vinifera l. cv. askari).	thioredoxins (trxs) are small ubiquitous proteins which play a regulatory role in a variety of cellular processes. in contrast to other organisms, plants have a great number of trx types, consisting of six well-defined groups: f, m, x, and y in chloroplasts, o in mitochondria, and h mainly in cytosol. a full-length cdna, designated vvcxxs2, encoding trx h polypeptide was isolated and cloned from grape (vitis vinifera l. cv. askari) berries organ by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ...	2011	21732058
controlling for sugar and ascorbic acid, a mixture of flavonoids matching navel oranges significantly increases human postprandial serum antioxidant capacity.	fruit and vegetable consumption reduces the risk for cardiovascular disease development. the postprandial state is an important contributor to chronic disease development. orange flavonoids may reduce postprandial oxidation. it was hypothesized that a mixture of orange flavonoids would reduce postprandial oxidation better than a single orange flavonoid or orange sugar and ascorbic acid, but not as well as orange juice, when consumed with a typical breakfast. a placebo-controlled crossover trial ...	2011	21840468
host status of grapefruit and valencia oranges for anastrepha serpentina and anastrepha ludens (diptera: tephritidae).	anastrepha serpentina (wiedemann) (diptera: tephritidae) is sporadically captured in the rio grande valley of texas. although its preferred hosts are in the sapotaceae family, several varieties of citrus, including grapefruit and oranges are listed as alternate hosts. although mexican fruit fly, anastrepha ludens (loew), is known to be a major pest of citrus, doubt exists as to the status of citrus as a breeding host for a. serpentina. to evaluate the host status of commercial citrus for a. serp ...	2011	21510184
terpene down-regulation in orange reveals the role of fruit aromas in mediating interactions with insect herbivores and pathogens.	plants use volatile terpene compounds as odor cues for communicating with the environment. fleshy fruits are particularly rich in volatiles that deter herbivores and attract seed dispersal agents. we have investigated how terpenes in citrus fruit peels affect the interaction between the plant, insects, and microorganisms. because limonene represents up to 97% of the total volatiles in orange (citrus sinensis) fruit peel, we chose to down-regulate the expression of a limonene synthase gene in ora ...	2011	21525333
cloning, purification and characterization of a 90kda heat shock protein from citrus sinensis (sweet orange).	protein misfolding is stimulated by stress, such as heat, and heat shock proteins (hsps) are the first line of defense against these undesirable situations. plants, which are naturally sessile, are perhaps more exposed to stress factors than some other organisms, and consequently, the role of hsps is crucial to maintain homeostasis. hsp90, because of its key role in infection and other stresses, is targeted in therapies that improve plant production by increasing resistance to both biotic and ab ...	2012	21873074
transcriptional profiling of canker-resistant transgenic sweet orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) constitutively overexpressing a spermidine synthase gene.	citrus canker disease caused by xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc) is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the citrus industry worldwide. in our previous study, the canker-resistant transgenic sweet orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) plants were produced via constitutively overexpressing a spermidine synthase. to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying xcc resistance of the transgenic plants, in the present study global transcriptional profiling was compared between untransformed li ...	2012	23509803
application of orange essential oil as an antistaphylococcal agent in a dressing model.	staphylococcus aureus is the pathogen most often and prevalently involved in skin and soft tissue infections. in recent decades outbreaks of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) have created major problems for skin therapy, and burn and wound care units. topical antimicrobials are most important component of wound infection therapy. alternative therapies are being sought for treatment of mrsa and one area of interest is the use of essential oils. with the increasing interest in the use and app ...	2012	22894560
antimicrobial effect and mode of action of terpeneless cold-pressed valencia orange essential oil on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.	the objectives of this study were to evaluate the antistaphylococcal effect and elucidate the mechanism of action of orange essential oil against antibiotic-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains.	2012	22372962
expression and functional analysis of two lycopene β-cyclases from citrus fruits.	in the present study, two lcyb genes (citlcyb1 and citlcyb2) were isolated from satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.), valencia orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) and lisbon lemon (citrus limon burm.f.) and their functions were analyzed by the color complementation assay in lycopene-accumulating e. coli cells. the results showed that citlcyb1 and citlcyb2 shared high identity at the amino acid level among the three citrus varieties. the n-terminal region of the two proteins encoded by citlcyb1 and ...	2012	22729824
changes of peel essential oil composition of four tunisian citrus during fruit maturation.	the present work investigates the effect of ripening stage on the chemical composition of essential oil extracted from peel of four citrus: bitter orange (citrus aurantium), lemon (citrus limon), orange maltaise (citrus sinensis), and mandarin (citrus reticulate) and on their antibacterial activity. essential oils yields varied during ripening from 0.46 to 2.70%, where mandarin was found to be the richest. forty volatile compounds were identified. limonene (67.90-90.95%) and 1,8-cineole (tr-14.7 ...	2012	22645427
gus expression in sweet oranges (citrus sinensis l. osbeck) driven by three different phloem-specific promoters.	huanglongbing (hlb) is associated with candidatus liberibacter spp., endogenous, sieve tube-restricted bacteria that are transmitted by citrus psyllid insect vectors. transgenic expression in the phloem of specific genes that might affect ca. liberibacter spp. growth and development may be an adequate strategy to improve citrus resistance to hlb. to study specific phloem gene expression in citrus, we developed three different binary vector constructs with expression cassettes bearing the β-glucu ...	2012	22801867
different transcriptional response to xanthomonas citri subsp. citri between kumquat and sweet orange with contrasting canker tolerance.	citrus canker disease caused by xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc) is one of the most devastating biotic stresses affecting the citrus industry. meiwa kumquat (fortunella crassifolia) is canker-resistant, while newhall navel orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) is canker-sensitive. to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the differences in responses to xcc, transcriptomic profiles of these two genotypes following xcc attack were compared by using the affymetrix citrus genome genechip. a t ...	2012	22848606
tal effectors target the c-terminal domain of rna polymerase ii (ctd) by inhibiting the prolyl-isomerase activity of a ctd-associated cyclophilin.	transcriptional activator-like (tal) effectors of plant pathogenic bacteria function as transcription factors in plant cells. however, how tal effectors control transcription in the host is presently unknown. previously, we showed that tal effectors of the citrus canker pathogen xanthomonas citri, named pthas, targeted the citrus protein complex comprising the thioredoxin cstdx, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes csuev/ubc13 and cyclophilin cscyp. here we show that cscyp complements the function of c ...	2012	22911812
structure-activity relationship of citrus polymethoxylated flavones and their inhibitory effects on aspergillus niger.	citrus peels are rich in polymethoxylated flavones (pmfs) and are potential sources of natural preservatives. six pmfs extracts, isolated and purified from the peels of three mandarins (citrus reticulata) and three sweet oranges (citrus sinensis), were identified and quantitated. their inhibitory effects on aspergillus niger were evaluated using a microbroth dilution assay. the red tangerine variety exhibited the greatest antifungal activity (mic = 0.2 mg/ml), while jincheng showed the lowest ac ...	2012	22500738
in vitro effects of citrus oils against mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria of clinical importance.	we evaluated the in vitro activity of citrus oils against mycobacterium tuberculosis and other non-tuberculous mycobacterium species. citrus essential oils were tested against a variety of mycobacterium species and strains using the bactec radiometric growth system. cold pressed terpeneless valencia oil (cpt) was further tested using the wayne model of in vitro latency. exposure of m. tuberculosis and m. bovis bcg to 0.025 % cold pressed terpeneless valencia orange oil (cpt) resulted in a 3-log ...	2012	22560037
efficacy of killer yeasts in the biological control of penicillium digitatum on tarocco orange fruits (citrus sinensis).	killer saccharomyces cerevisiae and wickerhamomyces anomalus yeast strains were tested as biocontrol agents against penicillium digitatum, one the most important causes of postharvest decay in orange fruits. w. anomalus, grown on acidified medium, demonstrated micocinogenic activity against p. digitatum, as indicated by large inhibition halos and hyphal damage resulting from β-glucanase activity. oranges that had been deliberately inoculated with pathogens were protected from decay by w. anomalu ...	2012	22265304
larvicidal activity of citrus limonoids against aedes albopictus larvae.	development of insecticide resistance occurred due to the continuous and misuse of synthetic insecticides therefore, the recent study was conducted to explore eco-friendly plant extracts that have some potential to suppress mosquito larval population.	2012	23378967
a lov protein modulates the physiological attributes of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri relevant for host plant colonization.	recent studies have demonstrated that an appropriate light environment is required for the establishment of efficient vegetal resistance responses in several plant-pathogen interactions. the photoreceptors implicated in such responses are mainly those belonging to the phytochrome family. data obtained from bacterial genome sequences revealed the presence of photosensory proteins of the bluf (blue light sensing using fad), lov (light, oxygen, voltage) and phytochrome families with no known functi ...	2012	22675525
the effects of herbal essential oils on the oviposition-deterrent and ovicidal activities of aedes aegypti (linn.), anopheles dirus (peyton and harrison) and culex quinquefasciatus (say).	the effect of oviposition-deterrent and ovicidal of seven essential oils were evaluated towards three mosquito vectors, aedes aegypti, anopheles dirus and culex quinquefasciatus. the oviposition activity index (oai) values of six essential oils namely cananga odorata, cymbopogon citratus, cymbopogon nardus, eucalyptus citriodora, ocimum basilicum and syzygium aromaticum indicated that there were more deterrent than the control whereas citrus sinensis oil acted as oviposition attractant. at highe ...	2012	22543614
effects of cinnamon leaf, oregano and sweet orange essential oils on fermentation and aerobic stability of barley silage.	silage additives are marketed with the primary aim of improving the fermentation and/or aerobic stability of silage. the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of three different essential oils (eos; cinnamon leaf (cin), oregano (ore) and sweet orange (so)) on the fermentation characteristics and stability of barley silage. chopped whole-plant barley (hordem vulgare l.) forage was ensiled either untreated (0 mg kg⁻¹ dry matter (dm)) or treated with cin, ore or so (37.5, 75 and 120 mg ...	2012	22413147
construction of egfp-labeling system for visualizing the infection process of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in planta.	xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (xac) is the causal agent of citrus bacterial canker, an economically important disease to world citrus industry. to monitor the infection process of xac in different citrus plants, the enhanced green florescent protein (egfp) visualizing system was constructed to visualize the propagation and localization in planta. first, the wild-type xac was isolated from the diseased leaves of susceptible 'bingtang' sweet orange, and then the isolated xac was labeled with eg ...	2012	22674174
exogenous treatment with salicylic acid attenuates occurrence of citrus canker in susceptible navel orange (citrus sinensis osbeck).	citrus canker caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (xac) is a devastating bacterial disease threatening the citrus industry. salicylic acid (sa) plays a key role in plant defense response to biotic stress, but information is scarce concerning the application of sa to enhancing xac resistance. in the present research attempts were made to investigate how exogenous application of sa influenced canker disease outbreak in navel orange (citrus sinensis). exogenously applied sa at 0.25 mm signif ...	2012	22658220
larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of citrus sinensis orange peel extract against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae).	mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikunguniya fever, west nile virus and yellow fever. these diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. the present study explored the effects of orange peel ethanol extract of citrus sinensis on larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. the or ...	2012	22797605
the genome sequence of an isolate of indian citrus ringspot virus infecting the sweet orange in india.	whole-genome sequencing of an isolate of mandarivirus infecting the sweet orange [citrus sinensis (l) blanco] in the western part of india (pune) was done. the single-stranded positive-sense rna genome of indian citrus ringspot virus (icrsv) pune has 7,560 nucleotides (nt), excluding a poly(a) tail, comprised of 27.98% (2,115 nt) a, 32.12% (2,428 nt) c, 19.68% (1,488 nt) g, and 20.22% (1,529 nt) t residues. the genome, organized into six open reading frames (orfs), shares 97.7% sequence identity ...	2012	23087111
enhanced inhibition of listeria monocytogenes by a combination of cold pressed terpeneless valencia orange oil and antibiotics.	this study was designed to evaluate the ability of cold pressed terpeneless valencia orange oil (cptvo) to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics against 10 strains of listeria monocytogenes. disc diffusion assays were performed to determine the effects of cptvo and two antibiotics with different mechanisms of action (i.e., penicillin and chloramphenicol) individually and in combination with cptvo. cptvo alone produced zones ranging from 16.5 to 19.9 mm. penicillin at 2 or 10 units produced zo ...	2012	22394025
citrus psorosis and mirafiori lettuce big-vein ophiovirus coat proteins localize to the cytoplasm and self interact in vivo.	citrus psorosis (cpsv) and mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus (milbvv) belong to the family ophioviridae, plant viruses with filamentous nucleocapsids and segmented genomes of negative polarity, causing the worldwide distributed citrus psorosis and lettuce big-vein diseases, respectively. to gain insight into the replication cycle of these viruses, the subcellular localization of the viral coat proteins (cp) was studied. immunoblot analysis of fractionated extracts derived from natural and experim ...	2012	22921760
isolation and biological activities of decanal, linalool, valencene, and octanal from sweet orange oil.	product 1 (82.25% valencene), product 2 (73.36% decanal), product 3 (78.12% octanal), and product 4 (90.61% linalool) were isolated from sweet orange oil by combined usage of molecular distillation and column chromatography. the antioxidant activity of sweet orange oil and these products was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assays. in this test, product 1 (82.25% valencene), product 2 (73.36% decanal), and product 4 (90.61% linalool) had antioxidant activity, b ...	2012	23106968
inhibition of beef isolates of e. coli o157:h7 by orange oil at various temperatures.	plant essential oils have previously been shown to exhibit antimicrobial activities against various microorganisms. in this study, cold pressed terpeneless valencia orange oil (cptvo) was examined at various temperatures (37, 10, and 4 °c) to determine its antimicrobial activity against 3 strains of e. coli o157:h7 recovered from beef products. a micro broth dilution method using 96 well microtiter plates was used with trypticase soy broth with 0.15% agar and 2,3,5 tetrazolium chloride as a grow ...	2012	22583064
genetic diversity and population differentiation of the causal agent of citrus black spot in brazil.	one of the most important diseases that affect sweet orange orchards in brazil is the citrus black spot that is caused by the fungus guignardia citricarpa. this disease causes irreparable losses due to the premature falling of fruit, as well as its severe effects on the epidermis of ripe fruit that renders them unacceptable at the fresh fruit markets. despite the fact that the fungus and the disease are well studied, little is known about the genetic diversity and the structure of the fungi popu ...	2012	22666111
a dark incubation period is important for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of mature internode explants of sweet orange, grapefruit, citron, and a citrange rootstock.	citrus has an extended juvenile phase and trees can take 2-20 years to transition to the adult reproductive phase and produce fruit. for citrus variety development this substantially prolongs the time before adult traits, such as fruit yield and quality, can be evaluated. methods to transform tissue from mature citrus trees would shorten the evaluation period via the direct production of adult phase transgenic citrus trees.	2012	23082165
volatile constituents of wild citrus mangshanyegan (citrus nobilis lauriro) peel oil.	volatiles of a wild mandarin, mangshanyegan (citrus nobilis lauriro), were characterized by gc-ms, and their aroma active compounds were identified by aroma extract dilution analysis (aeda) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (gc-o). the volatile profile of mangshanyegan was compared with those of other four citrus species, kaopan pummelo (citrus grandis), eureka lemon (citrus limon), huangyanbendizao tangerine (citrus reticulata), and seike navel orange (citrus sinensis). monoterpene hydrocarbo ...	2012	22352344
comparative use of indel and ssr markers in deciphering the interspecific structure of cultivated citrus genetic diversity: a perspective for genetic association studies.	genetic stratification associated with domestication history is a key parameter for estimating the pertinence of genetic association study within a gene pool. previous molecular and phenotypic studies have shown that most of the diversity of cultivated citrus results from recombination between three main species: c. medica (citron), c. reticulata (mandarin) and c. maxima (pummelo). however, the precise contribution of each of these basic species to the genomes of secondary cultivated species, su ...	2012	22160318
inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain in vitro by some citrus fruit juices.	this study sought to characterize the effects of some citrus fruit juices (shaddock [citrus maxima], grapefruit [citrus paradisii], lemon [citrus limoni], orange [citrus sinensis], and tangerine [citrus reticulata]) on acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro. the total phenolic content, radical scavenging abilities, and inhibition of fe(2+)-induced malondialdehyde (mda) production in rats brain homogenate in vitro were also assessed. orange had significantly (p<.05) higher phenolic content than t ...	2012	22400910
a draft of the genome and four transcriptomes of a medicinal and pesticidal angiosperm azadirachta indica.	the azadirachta indica (neem) tree is a source of a wide number of natural products, including the potent biopesticide azadirachtin. in spite of its widespread applications in agriculture and medicine, the molecular aspects of the biosynthesis of neem terpenoids remain largely unexplored. the current report describes the draft genome and four transcriptomes of a. indica and attempts to contextualise the sequence information in terms of its molecular phylogeny, transcript expression and terpenoid ...	2012	22958331
characterization of the antioxidant properties of phenolic extracts from some citrus peels.	this study sought to determine the distribution of free and bound phenolics in some nigerian citrus peels [orange (citrus sinensis), grapefruit (citrus paradisii) and shaddock (citrus maxima)] and characterize the antioxidant properties. the free phenolics were extracted with 80% acetone, while the bound phenolics were extracted from the alkaline and acid hydrolyzed residue with ethyl acetate. free phenolic extracts had significantly higher (p < 0.05) dpph* scavenging ability than the bound phen ...	2012	24293692
molecular cloning and characterization of two novel nac genes from mikania micrantha (asteraceae).	nac proteins, which are plant-specific transcription factors, have been identified to play important roles in plant response to stresses and in plant development. the full-length cdnas that encode 2 putative nac proteins, designated as mmataf1 and mmnap, respectively, were cloned from mikania micrantha by rapid amplification of cdna ends. the full-length cdnas of mmataf1 and mmnap were 1329 and 1072 bp, respectively, and they encoded deduced proteins of 260- and 278-amino acid residues, respecti ...	2012	23079980