Publications

an expedient and versatile protocol for extracting high-quality dna from plant leaves.	introductionprotocols for extracting plant genomic dna have to contend with two major challenges: preventing the oxidation of phenolic substances that can react with nucleic acids and proteins, and eliminating polysaccharides that interfere with downstream enzymatic manipulations of dna. a protocol has been developed in which the above-mentioned substances are removed from the sample before the dna is removed from the chromatin structure. this protocol requires only two tubes during extraction a ...	2007	21357104
quality by design: understanding the formulation variables of a cyclosporine a self-nanoemulsified drug delivery systems by box-behnken design and desirability function.	quality by design (qbd) refers to the achievement of certain predictable quality with desired and predetermined specifications. a very useful component of the qbd is the understanding of factors and their interaction effects by a desired set of experiments. the present project deals with a case study to understand the effect of formulation variables of nanoemulsified particles of a model drug, cyclosporine a (cya). a three-factor, three-level design of experiment (doe) with response surface meth ...	2007	17169518
preference-performance linkage of the xylem feeding leafhopper, homalodisca vitripennis (hemiptera cicadellidae).	insect species exhibiting a weak linkage between adult preference and immature performance have frequently been shown to be prone to outbreaks. we used choice and no-choice tests to examine the preference-performance linkage of the xylem fluid-feeding leafhopper, homalodisca vitripennis germar. leafhoppers were offered a choice of hosts common to their native range and also a choice from hosts where they have been recently introduced. behavior (residence preference, oviposition preference, and c ...	2007	18284780
quality by design: understanding the product variability of a self-nanoemulsified drug delivery system of cyclosporine a.	the objective of this work was to understand the product variability due to size and other characteristics of the snedds by utilizing near infrared (nir) and chemometric analysis, as well as several other well-known procedures. pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the efficient self-emulsification region using cya solutions in sweet orange oil (oily phase), emulphor el-620 (surfactant), and capmul mcm-c8 (cosurfactant). the formulated snedds were characterized by droplet si ...	2007	17628495
ammonium transport and citamt1 expression are regulated by light and sucrose in citrus plants.	here the isolation and characterization of citamt1 cdna from citrange troyer (citrus sinensis l. osbeckxponcirus trifoliata blanco) is reported, suggesting that this belongs to the amt gene family, which is involved in the high-affinity transport system (hats). results show that in citrus plants, the hats is much more dependent on the light conditions and c status of the roots than the low-affinity transport system. most importantly, a strong correlation was found between the regulation of both ...	2007	17615410
[analysis of constituents of essential oils from fresh and dried pericarp of citrus sinensis by gc-ms].	to analyze and compare the constituents of the essential oils from the fresh and dried pericarps of citrus sinensis.	2007	17552156
effect of foliar application of micronutrients on the yield and quality of sweet orange (citrus sinensis l.).	an experiment was designed to study the effect of foliar application of micronutrients on the yield, quality and leaf composition of sweet orange, blood red variety at shabazgari, mardan. the experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in 2) factorial arrangement. zinc, manganese and boron were applied as foliar spray at the rate of 0.4, 0.2 and 0.04 kg ha(-1), respectively in the presence of 1.56 kg n ha(-1) as urea and 0.4 kg surfactance ha(-1) (as wetting agent) in 400 l of ...	2007	19086544
quality by design: characterization of self-nano-emulsified drug delivery systems (snedds) using ultrasonic resonator technology.	in the present work, a novel application of ultrasonic measurements is detailed to characterize nano-emulsion formulations as a part of the overall quality by design (qbd) goal. ultrasonic resonator technology (urt) was utilized to measure sound velocity and absorption of self-nanoemulsified drug delivery systems (snedds) consisting of various ratios of oil:surfactant:co-surfactant. a qbd concept was used to create different snedds formulations utilizing sweet orange oil (oil), emulphor-620 (sur ...	2007	17521836
molecular and immunological characterization of the glycosylated orange allergen cit s 1.	the ige of sera from patients with a history of allergy to oranges (citrus sinensis) binds a number of proteins in orange extract, including cit s 1, a germin-like protein. in the present study, we have analyzed its immunological cross-reactivity and its molecular nature. sera from many of the patients examined recognize a range of glycoproteins and neoglycoconjugates containing beta1,2-xylose and core alpha1,3-fucose on their n-glycans. these reagents also inhibited the interaction of cit s 1 w ...	2007	17095532
efficient and scalable method in isolation of polymethoxyflavones from orange peel extract by supercritical fluid chromatography.	polymethoxyflavones (pmfs) from citrus genus are of particular interest because of their broad spectrum of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-atherogenic properties. recently, the exploration into the beneficial health properties of pmfs in citrus fruits has dramatically increased. however, the supply of pure pmfs in the in vivo study is a limiting factor due to the difficulties in large-scale isolation of the interested pmfs. therefore, the development ...	2007	17035106
a novel bud mutation that confers abnormal patterns of lycopene accumulation in sweet orange fruit (citrus sinensis l. osbeck).	a novel, pleiotropic sweet orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck) mutant, 'hong anliu', is described. this mutation causes carotenoid accumulation, high sugar, and low acid in the fruits. gas chromatographic analysis revealed that high sugar and low acid in the fruit were caused by the accumulation of sucrose and the deficiency of citric acid. the dominant carotenoid accumulated in albedo, segment membranes, and juice sacs is lycopene, which can reach levels that are a 1000-fold higher than those in ...	2007	18182424
evolving window zone selection method followed by independent component analysis as useful chemometric tools to discriminate between grapefruit juice, orange juice and blends.	this study investigates the use of high resolution 1h nmr as a suitable alternative to the standard chromatographic method for the determination of adulteration of orange juice (citrus sinensis) with grapefruit juice (citrus paradisi) based on flavonoid glycoside content. fifty-nine orange juices (oj), 23 grapefruit juices (gj) and 10 blends (og), obtained from local retail outlets were used to assess the performance of the 1h nmr method. the work presented here introduces the evolving window zo ...	2007	17683731
behavioral responses of schistocerca americana (orthoptera: acrididae) to azadirex (neem)-treated host plants.	azadirex (azadirachtin and other biologically active extracts from neem trees) has been shown to have considerable potential to be used in integrated pest management systems based on its growth regulator/insecticide properties. less well known are the antifeedant properties. the feeding-deterrent properties of a commercial azadirex formulation (azatrol ec) were evaluated using both no-choice and choice tests, the american grasshopper, schistocerca americana (drury), and four host plants [savoy c ...	2007	17370818
polyphenols distribution in juices from citrus allotetraploid somatic hybrids and their sexual hybrids.	the polyphenol profile of an interspecific allotetraploid somatic hybrid, achieved by protoplast fusion, the 'valencia' sweet orange ( citrus sinensis l. osbeck) + 'femminello' lemon ( citrus limon l. burm), and three sexual hybrids obtained by backcrosses between femminello lemon and the allotetraploid somatic hybrid ('valencia' + 'femminello') was studied by liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-diode array detector-mass spectrometry (lc-uv-dad-ms). the aim of the work was to evaluate whether supe ...	2007	17914878
modulation of p-glycoprotein activity by acridones and coumarins from citrus sinensis.	bioguided fractionation of the roots of citrus sinensis (rutaceae) led to the isolation and identification of five coumarins, namely, clausarin, suberosin, poncitrin, xanthyletin and thamnosmonin, seven acridones, namely, acrimarine b, 2-methoxycitpressine i, citpressine i, buntanine, acrimarine e, honyumine and acrimarine c, and one terpenoid, namely, limonin. among these compounds, clausarin, 2-methoxycitpressine i and acrimarine e inhibited p-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux in k562/r7 human ...	2007	17236173
a ptha homolog from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri responsible for host-specific suppression of virulence.	strains of the plant-pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri are differentiated into two groups with respect to aggressiveness (normal and weak) on citrus grandis cultivars but not on other citrus species such as citrus sinensis. random mutagenesis using the transposon tn5 in x. axonopodis pv. citri strain kc21, which showed weak aggressiveness on a c. grandis cultivar, was used to isolate mutant kc21t46, which regained a normal level of aggressiveness on the cultivar. the gene ina ...	2007	17293422
preferential accumulation of severe variants of citrus tristeza virus in plants co-inoculated with mild and severe variants.	the viral population in sweet orange plants, either healthy or pre-inoculated with the asymptomatic isolate of citrus tristeza virus (ctv) t32, and then graft- or aphid-inoculated with the stem-pitting isolate t318, was characterized with respect to symptom expression, reaction with monoclonal antibody mca13, single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) of genes p18 and p20, bi-directional rt-pcr, and dot-blot hybridisation. all plants inoculated with t318, with or without pre-inoculation, sho ...	2007	17294089
karyotype diversity and the origin of grapefruit.	grapefruit is a group of citrus of recent origin, probably resulting from a cross between pummelo and sweet-orange. aiming to investigate this putative origin and the genetic variability among grapefruit cultivars, the karyotype of six grapefruits, two pummelos, and one tangelo cultivar (grapefruit x tangerine) were analyzed using sequential cma/dapi double staining and fish with rdna probes. the karyotypes of grapefruit 'duncan' and 'foster' differ from those of 'flame', 'henderson', 'marsh' an ...	2007	17295131
induced parthenogenesis in mandarin for haploid production: induction procedures and genetic analysis of plantlets.	this study focused on haploid induction in mandarin through in situ gynogenesis by pollination with irradiated pollen of 'meyer' lemon. pollination was carried out for three genotypes of mandarin with four levels of gamma-ray-irradiated pollen (150, 300, 600, and 900 gy). the resulting seeds were characterised by a small size. embryos were rescued in vitro and the ploidy level of the plantlets was determined by flow cytometry analysis. haploid, diploid, triploid plantlets were obtained. the hapl ...	2007	17318461
evaluation of endophytic colonization of citrus sinensis and catharanthus roseus seedlings by endophytic bacteria.	over the last few years, the endophytic bacterial community associated with citrus has been studied as an important component interacting with xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc). this bacterium may also colonize some model plants, such as catharanthus roseus and nicotiana clevelandii. in the present study, we compared the endophytic colonization of citrus sinensis and catharanthus roseus using the endophytic bacteria klebsiella pneumoniae. we chose an appro ...	2007	17342049
common subtropical and tropical nonpollen food sources of the boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae).	it is known that substantial boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, individuals can survive mild subtropical winters in some habitats, such as citrus orchards. our study shows that endocarp of the fruit from prickly pear cactus, opuntia engelmannii salm-dyck ex. engel.; orange, citrus sinensis l. osbeck.; and grapefruit, citrus paradisi macfad., can sustain newly emerged adult boll weevils for >5 mo, which is the duration of the cotton-free season in the subtropical lower rio grande va ...	2007	17349122
protein changes in the albedo of citrus fruits on postharvesting storage.	in this work, major protein changes in the albedo of the fruit peel of murcott tangor (tangerine x sweet orange) during postharvest ageing were studied through 2d page. protein content in matured on-tree fruits and in fruits stored in nonstressing [99% relative humidity (rh) and 25 degrees c], cold (99% rh and 4 degrees c), and drought (60% rh and 25 degrees c) conditions was initially determined. protein identification through ms/ms determinations revealed in all samples analyzed the occurrence ...	2007	17910511
inhibitory effect of citrus 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone on 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-induced skin inflammation and tumor promotion in mice.	5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone (5-oh-hxmf), a polymethoxyflavone, is found exclusively in the citrus genus, particularly in the peels of sweet orange. herein, we report the first investigation of the inhibitory effects of 5-oh-hxmf on 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa)-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) in mouse skin. we found that the topical application of 5-oh-hxmf can effectively inhibit the transcriptional activation ...	2007	17962218
the endophyte curtobacterium flaccumfaciens reduces symptoms caused by xylella fastidiosa in catharanthus roseus.	citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc) is a disease of the sweet orange [citrus sinensis (l.)], which is caused by xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca, a phytopathogenic bacterium that has been shown to infect all sweet orange cultivars. sweet orange trees have been occasionally observed to be infected by xylella fastidiosa without evidencing severe disease symptoms, whereas other trees in the same grove may exhibit severe disease symptoms. the principal endophytic bacterial species isolated from such cv ...	2007	17978797
apoptosis-inducing activity of hydroxylated polymethoxyflavones and polymethoxyflavones from orange peel in human breast cancer cells.	sweet orange (citrus sinensis l.) peel is a rich resource of flavonoids, especially polymethoxyflavones (pmfs). citrus flavonoids exert a broad spectrum of biological activity, including antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in cancer cells. we have recently shown that individual pmfs from orange peel induce ca(2+)-mediated apoptosis in human breast cancer cells and that hydroxylation of pmfs is critical for enhancing their proapoptotic activity. here, we report that the fraction of orange ...	2007	17979096
structure and composition of the assemblage of parasitoids associated to phyllocnistis citrella pupae stainton (lepidoptera: gracillariidae) in citrus orchards in southern brazil.	the structure and composition of the assemblage of pupal parasitoids of phyllocnistis citrella stainton, the citrus leafminer, were studied in two citrus orchards (citrus deliciosa tenore cv. montenegrina and citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck x citrus reticulata blanco hybrid murcott), in montenegro county (29 degrees 68's and 51 degrees 46'w), southern brazil. at fortnightly samplings, from july 2001 to june 2003, all the new shoots from 24 randomly selected trees were inspected. the species richness ...	2007	18060301
functional characterization of ap3, soc1 and wus homologues from citrus (citrus sinensis).	flowering and flower formation are defining features of angiosperms and the control of these developmental processes involves a common repertoire of genes which are shared among different species of flowering plants. these genes were first identified using various homeotic and flowering time mutants of arabidopsis and snapdragon, and homologous genes have subsequently been isolated from a wide range of different plant species based on the conservation of protein sequence and function. using dege ...	2007	18251886
protection of citrus rootstocks against phytophthora spp. with a hypovirulent isolate of phytophthora nicotianae.	abstract phytophthora root rot of citrus in florida is caused by phytophthora nicotianae and p. palmivora. a naturally occurring isolate of p. nicotianae (pn117) was characterized as hypovirulent on citrus roots. pn117 infected and colonized fibrous roots, but caused significantly less disease than the virulent isolates p. nicotianae pn198 and p. palmivora pp99. coincident inoculation of rootstock seedlings of cleopatra mandarin (citrus reticulata) or swingle citrumelo (c. paradisi x poncirus tr ...	2007	18943635
genetic diversity of xylella fastidiosa strains from costa rica, são paulo, brazil, and united states.	abstract the diversity of 42 xylella fastidiosa strains from costa rica, são paulo, brazil, and the united states were analyzed using the sequence of the 16s rrna gene by variable number of tandem repeat (vntr) fragment analysis and by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflp) of a specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplification product using enzyme cfoi. limited variability in the sequence of the 16s rrna gene was observed and, although the separation was not absolute, most strain ...	2007	18943693
antidiabetic potential of citrus sinensis and punica granatum peel extracts in alloxan treated male mice.	an investigation on the effects of four different concentrations of peel extract from citrus sinensis (cs) or punica granatum (pg) in male mice revealed the maximum glucose lowering and antiperoxidative activities at 25 mg/kg of cs and 200 mg/kg of pg. in a separate experiment their potential was evaluated with respect to the regulation of alloxan induced diabetes mellitus. while a single dose of alloxan (120 mg/kg) increased the serum levels of glucose and alpha-amylase activity, rate of water ...	2007	18806305
light, scanning electron microscopy and sds-page studies on the effect of the essential oil, citrus sinensis var. balady on the embryonic development of camel tick hyalomma dromedarii (koch, 1818) (acari: ixodidae).	gc-mse analysis of the essential oil of fresh fruit peel of citrus sinensis var. balady recognized two main natural toxic compounds, limonene (83.28%) as hydrocarbon compound and linalool (3.97%) as oxygenated compound. therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate its effect on different egg-ages of hyalomma dromedarii at four concentrations of 1:40, 1:30, 1:20 and 1:15 (oil : ethanol 95%) (v/v). the lc50 values were 1:56, 1:34, 1:41, 1:32, 1: 23, 1:23, 1:18, 1:14 and 1:11 for egg-ages ...	2007	19069909
chlorophyllase is a rate-limiting enzyme in chlorophyll catabolism and is posttranslationally regulated.	chlorophyll is a central player in harvesting light energy for photosynthesis, yet the rate-limiting steps of chlorophyll catabolism and the regulation of the catabolic enzymes remain unresolved. to study the role and regulation of chlorophyllase (chlase), the first enzyme of the chlorophyll catabolic pathway, we expressed precursor and mature versions of citrus (citrus sinensis) chlase in two heterologous plant systems: (1) squash (cucurbita pepo) plants using a viral vector expression system; ...	2007	17369368
thermal degradation of antioxidant micronutrients in citrus juice: kinetics and newly formed compounds.	the thermal degradation kinetics of vitamin c, two carotenoids (beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin), and hesperidin, as a function of temperature, were determined for citrus juice [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck and citrus clementina hort. ex tan]. the influence of dissolved oxygen on the rate of ascorbic acid degradation was also assessed. analysis of kinetic data suggested a first-order reaction for the degradation of vitamin c and carotenoids. the kinetics parameters dtheta, z, and ea have bee ...	2007	17451252
the survival of three strains of arcobacter butzleri in the presence of lemon, orange and bergamot essential oils and their components in vitro and on food.	to test the effect of oils and vapours of lemon, sweet orange and bergamot and their components against three arcobacter butzleri strains.	2007	17451515
etiology of three recent diseases of citrus in são paulo state: sudden death, variegated chlorosis and huanglongbing.	the state of são paulo (ssp) is the first sweet orange growing region in the world. yet, the ssp citrus industry has been, and still is, under constant attack from various diseases. in the 1940s, tristeza-quick decline (t-qd) was responsible for the death of 9 million trees in ssp. the causal agent was a new virus, citrus tristeza virus (ctv). the virus was efficiently spread by aphid vectors, and killed most of the trees grafted on sour orange rootstock. control of the disease resided in replac ...	2007	17505974
effect of temperature on development and survival of the parasitoid pnigalio pectinicornis (hymenoptera: eulophidae) reared on phyllocnistis citrella (lepidoptera: gracillariidae).	laboratory studies were conducted to assess the effect of temperature on the development and survival of the indigenous parasitoid pnigalio pectinicornis l. on the citrus leaf miner phyllocnistis citrella stainton as host, fed on leaves of citrus sinensis l. osbck cultivar washington navel and citrus reticulata blanco cultivar clementine. experiments were conducted at five constant temperatures ranging from 15 to 32.5 degrees c, with 60 +/- 10% rh and a photoperiod of 14:10 (l:d) h. the relation ...	2007	17540056
leaf water relations and net gas exchange responses of salinized carrizo citrange seedlings during drought stress and recovery.	since salinity and drought stress can occur together, an assessment was made of their interacting effects on leaf water relations, osmotic adjustment and net gas exchange in seedlings of the relatively chloride-sensitive carrizo citrange, citrus sinensis x poncirus trifoliata.	2007	17575285
[population fluctuation of sharpshooters vectors of xylella fastidiosa wells et al. in commercial citrus groves in northwestern paraná state].	the citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc), an important disease of citrus in brazil, is caused by the bacterium xylella fastidiosa wells et al. and transmitted by xylem-feeding sharpshooters (hemiptera: cicadellidae). this study evaluated the fluctuation of populations of species of sharpshooters belonging to the tribes cicadellini and proconiini, from subfamily cicadelinae, in a commercial sweet orange [citrus sinensis (l.) osb.] grove, located in the northwest region of paraná state, brazil, in fo ...	2007	17607459
argyrotaenia sphaleropa (meyrick) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in citrus in the state of paraná, brazil.	argyrotaenia sphaleropa (meyrick) is associated with various fruit species in south america. this tortricid was first detected in citrus, citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck, in brazil, in commercial groves in northern paraná, during the 1994/95-crop season. the aim of this work was to study the biology of this lepidopteran under laboratory conditions (28 +/- 2 degrees c, 70 +/-10% ur, 14h photofase) using the citrus cultivar pêra. larvae obtained from egg masses collected in a commercial citrus grove i ...	2007	17607470
xylella fastidiosa disturbs nitrogen metabolism and causes a stress response in sweet orange citrus sinensis cv. pera.	xylella fastidiosa (xf) is a fastidious bacterium that grows exclusively in the xylem of several important crop species, including grape and sweet orange (citrus sinensis l. osb.) causing pierce disease and citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc), respectively. the aim of this work was to study the nitrogen metabolism of a highly susceptible variety of sweet orange cv. 'pêra' (c. sinensis l. osbeck) infected with xf. plants were artificially infected and maintained in the greenhouse until they have de ...	2007	17609534
rapd-based genetic analysis of offsprings from the sexual cross using allotetraploid citrus somatic hybrid as pollen parent.	thirty-one polymorphic decamer primers were selected to genotype 92 progenies from the cross between yiben no.4, a monoembryonic diploid f1 hybrid of citrus reticulata blanco cv huanongbendizao tangerine and c. ichangensis swingle, and [hamlin sweet orange + rough lemon], an allotetraploid somatic hybrid of citrus sinensis osbeck cv. hamlin and c. jambhiri lush cv. rough lemon. chi2 (chi-square) analysis of rapd markers in the progenies indicated they were randomly transmitted from the four dono ...	2007	17609894
antiproliferative activity of citrus juices and hplc evaluation of their flavonoid composition.	the antiproliferative activity of fresh fruit juices extracted from citrus sinensis (cv. washington navel and cv. sanguinello), c. deliciosa cv. avana, c. clementina cv. nules, c. aurantium subsp. myrtifolia , was evaluated against k562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia), hl-60 (human leukemia) and mcf-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines. all the juices tested showed antiproliferative activity. moreover, the pattern of the main flavanone compounds in the juices has been determined by hp ...	2007	17628348
difference of a citrus late-ripening mutant (citrus sinensis) from its parental line in sugar and acid metabolism at the fruit ripening stage.	'fengjiewancheng' (fw) (citrus sinensis), a bud sport of 'fengjie 72-1' navel orange (fj), ripens one month later than its parental line. differences in sugar and acid content and the transcript level of sucrose-and citric-metabolic enzymes for the two cultivars were investigated during fruit ripening. results showed that both sugar and acid metabolisms of the mutant were affected by the mutation. in the pulp of fw, sugar content was significantly lower than that in fj before 227 daf (days after ...	2007	17653673
development of genetic maps of the citrus varieties 'murcott' tangor and 'pera' sweet orange by using fluorescent aflp markers.	the progeny of 87 bc(1) hybrids of 'murcott' tangor and 'pera' sweet orange, genotyped with fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (faflp) markers, was used for the construction of genetic maps for both citrus varieties. mapping strategies, considering the progeny as a result of backcrossing and cross-pollination, were exploited in mapmaker 2.0 (lod score >or= 3.0 and <or= 0.40) and joinmap 3.0 software (lod score >or= 3.0 and theta <or = 0.25), respectively. genetic map distances (i ...	2007	17666774
cross-correlation patterns of air and soil temperatures, rainfall and diaprepes abbreviatus root weevil in citrus.	time series cross-correlation analysis is appropriate when measuring relationships between two different time series. using this approach, the authors quantified the relationship between the time series air temperature (at), soil temperature (st), rainfall, relative humidity (rh) and diaprepes abbreviatus (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae) root weevil across a period of 30 months, and examined how closely the distribution of diaprepes root weevil was related to at, st, rainfall and rh within this ...	2007	17674428
efficient production of transgenic citrus plants using isopentenyl transferase positive selection and removal of the marker gene by site-specific recombination.	the presence of marker genes conferring antibiotic resistance in transgenic plants represents a serious obstacle for their public acceptance and future commercialization. in citrus, selection using the selectable marker gene nptii, that confers resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin, is in general very effective. an attractive alternative is offered by the mat system (multi-auto-transformation), which combines the ipt gene for positive selection with the recombinase system r/rs for removal of ma ...	2007	16927091
effect of storage and processing on plasmid, yeast and plant genomic dna stability in juice from genetically modified oranges.	recombinant dna technology is an important tool in the development of plant varieties with new favourable features. there is strong opposition towards this technology due to the potential risk of horizontal gene transfer between genetically modified plant material and food-associated bacteria, especially if genes for antibiotic resistance are involved. since horizontal transfer efficiency depends on size and length of homologous sequences, we investigated the effect of conditions required for or ...	2007	17064805
determination of polymethoxylated flavones in peels of selected jamaican and mexican citrus (citrus spp.) cultivars by high-performance liquid chromatography.	the concentrations of the polymethoxylated flavones (pmfs) in peels of selected citrus cultivars grown in jamaica and mexico were determined. the pmfs were extracted from sun-dried citrus peels with reagent-grade methanol. analyses were carried out by reverse-phase hplc and uv detection. the column used was a c(18) 5 microm (150 x 4.6 mm) discovery column. elution was in the gradient mode, using a ternary mobile phase. the results showed that all the citrus cultivars used contained at least thre ...	2007	17080505
effects of citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck epicarp essential oil on growth and morphogenesis of aspergillus niger (l.) van tieghem.	essential oils from different plant parts are known for their antimicrobial activity but the antifungal effects of essential oil from citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck epicarp on growth and morphogenesis of aspergillus niger has not been observed so far. the mycelial growth was inhibited at 2.5 and 3.0 microg/ml of oil in potato dextrose broth and agar medium, respectively. these concentrations were fungicidal under the test conditions. the fungitoxicity of oil did not change even at exposure to 100 d ...	2008	16870411
genetic transformation of sweet orange with the coat protein gene of citrus psorosis virus and evaluation of resistance against the virus.	citrus psorosis is a serious viral disease affecting citrus trees in many countries. its causal agent is citrus psorosis virus (cpsv), the type member of genus ophiovirus. cpsv infects most important citrus varieties, including oranges, mandarins and grapefruits, as well as hybrids and citrus relatives used as rootstocks. certification programs have not been sufficient to control the disease and no sources of natural resistance have been found. pathogen-derived resistance (pdr) can provide an ef ...	2008	17712560
postbloom fruit drop of citrus and key lime anthracnose are caused by distinct phylogenetic lineages of colletotrichum acutatum.	colletotrichum acutatum causes two diseases of citrus, postbloom fruit drop (pfd) and key lime anthracnose (kla). pfd is a disease restricted to flowers of sweet orange and most other citrus, and symptoms include petal necrosis, abscission of developing fruit, and the formation of persistent calyces. kla is a disease of foliage, flowers, and fruits of key lime only, and symptoms include necrotic lesions on leaves, fruits, twigs, flowers, and blight of entire shoots. the internal transcribed spac ...	2008	18944086
contents of phytosterols in vegetables and fruits commonly consumed in china.	to quantify five specific dietary phytosterols and phytostanols in vegetables and fruits commonly consumed in china.	2008	19263798
comparison of bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of 13 essential oils against strains with varying sensitivity to antibiotics.	to compare the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of 13 chemotyped essential oils (eo) on 65 bacteria with varying sensitivity to antibiotics.	2008	19552780
faunistic analysis of sharpshooters (hemiptera: auchenorrhyncha, cicadellidae) in a 'westin' sweet orange orchard.	the purpose of this study was to analyze sharpshooter fauna in a five-year-old 'westin' sweet orange orchard. yellow sticky traps were placed on the edge of a forest, and on the periphery and inside the citrus stand. the traps were evaluated fortnightly, for three years. the most frequent species were acrogonia citrina marucci & cavichioli, bucephalogonia xanthophis (berg), and oncometopia facialis (signoret). b. xanthophis occurred more in the forest edge, especially on spring and winter. a. ci ...	2008	18813748
activity against drug resistant-tuberculosis strains of plants used in mexican traditional medicine to treat tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases.	tuberculosis (tb) kills about 3 million people per year worldwide. furthermore, tb is an infectious disease associated with hiv patients, and there is a rise in multidrug-resistant tb (mdr-tb) cases around the world. there is a need for new anti-tb agents. the study evaluated the antimycobacterial activity of nine plants used in mexican traditional medicine to treat tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases. nasturtium officinale showed the best activity (mic = 100 microg/ml) against the sensi ...	2008	17726732
a phytoplasma closely related to the pigeon pea witches'-broom phytoplasma (16sr ix) is associated with citrus huanglongbing symptoms in the state of são paulo, brazil.	in february 2007, sweet orange trees with characteristic symptoms of huanglongbing (hlb) were encountered in a region of são paulo state (sps) hitherto free of hlb. these trees tested negative for the three liberibacter species associated with hlb. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) product from symptomatic fruit columella dna amplifications with universal primers fd1/rp1 was cloned and sequenced. the corresponding agent was found to have highest 16s rdna sequence identity (99%) with the pigeon p ...	2008	18943735
citrus viroid v: occurrence, host range, diagnosis, and identification of new variants.	the recently described citrus viroid v (cvd-v) has been proposed as a new species of the genus apscaviroid within the family pospiviroidae. analysis of 64 samples from different citrus-growing areas has shown that cvd-v is present in the united states, spain, nepal, and the sultanate of oman. cvd-v found in six sweet orange sources from the sultanate of oman was identical to the reference cvd-v variant, whereas three new variants with sequence identities of 98.6% (cvd-vca), 97.3% (cvd-vst), and ...	2008	18943408
proteomic analysis reveals suppression of bark chitinases and proteinase inhibitors in citrus plants affected by the citrus sudden death disease.	citrus sudden death (csd) is a disease of unknown etiology that greatly affects sweet oranges grafted on rangpur lime rootstock, the most important rootstock in brazilian citriculture. we performed a proteomic analysis to generate information related to this plant pathogen interaction. protein profiles from healthy, csd-affected and csd-tolerant stem barks, were generated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. the protein spots were well distributed over a pi range of 3.26 to 9.97 and a mole ...	2008	18943454
transcriptional analysis of the sweet orange interaction with the citrus canker pathogens xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and xanthomonas axonopodis pv. aurantifolii.	xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (xac) and xanthomonas axonopodis pv. aurantifolii pathotype c (xaa) are responsible for citrus canker disease; however, while xac causes canker on all citrus varieties, xaa is restricted to mexican lime, and in sweet oranges it triggers a defence response. to gain insights into the differential pathogenicity exhibited by xac and xaa and to survey the early molecular events leading to canker development, a detailed transcriptional analysis of sweet orange plants i ...	2008	19018992
cellulase production by trichoderma longi, aspergillus niger and saccharomyces cerevisae cultured on waste materials from orange.	the wastes materials from the sweet orange (citrus sinensis) were used as substrate for the production of cellulase. the rind, the pericarp or albedo and the pulp were hydrolyzed by cellulolytic enzymes of trichoderma longibrachiatum, aspergillus niger and saccharomyces cerevisiae after they were treated with alkali and steam. the amount of glucose released from the substrates following the secretion of cellulase by the three microorganisms was measured. the orange wastes released amounts of glu ...	2008	19137846
the effect of pre spring spray to reduce of citrus important pests.	the importance of pre spring spray against citrus aphids, pulvinaria aurantii cockerell and panonychus citri mcgregor that are the most important pest of citrus during spring was tested. in this research, 150 trees ten years old sweet orange (thomson navel on citrus aurantium (root stocks)) in a citrus orchard approximately three hectares sampled. the experiment was laid out in a totally randomized (one-way) design replicated five times. according to the results, the pre spring spray do not effe ...	2008	19137868
juice quality of two new mandarin-like hybrids (citrus clementina hort. ex tan x citrus sinensis l. osbeck) containing anthocyanins.	tacle and clara [monreal clementine (citrus clementina hort. ex tan) x tarocco orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck)] are two new triploid citrus hybrids developed by the cra-istituto sperimentale per l'agrumicoltura (acireale, italy). the fruits are easy-peeling and juicy, have a pleasant taste like the tarocco orange, and are sweet like the monreal clementine. in addition, a distinctively attractive characteristic of these mandarin-like fruits is the red-pigmented flesh caused by the presence of ...	2008	18298061
evaluation of selection strategies alternative to nptii in genetic transformation of citrus.	the neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) selection system has proved successful in citrus transformation; however, it may be recommendable to replace it given the pressure exerted against antibiotic-resistance selectable marker genes in transgenic plants. the present work investigates three different selection alternatives, comparing them to nptii selection in two citrus genotypes, carrizo citrange and pineapple sweet orange. the first method used the beta-glucuronidase (uida) reporter marker gen ...	2008	18317775
antioxidant enzymatic activity is linked to waterlogging stress tolerance in citrus.	soil flooding constitutes a seasonal factor that negatively affects plant performance and crop yields. in this work, the relationship between oxidative damage and flooding sensitivity was addressed in three citrus genotypes with different abilities to tolerate waterlogging. we examined leaf visible damage, oxidative damage in terms of malondialdehyde (mda) concentration, leaf proline concentration, leaf and root ascorbate and glutathione contents and the antioxidant enzyme activities superoxide ...	2008	18333999
distribution and quantification of candidatus liberibacter americanus, agent of huanglongbing disease of citrus in são paulo state, brasil, in leaves of an affected sweet orange tree as determined by pcr.	huanglongbing (hlb), an insect-transmitted disease of citrus, known for many years in asia and africa, has appeared in the state of são paulo state (ssp), brazil, in 2004, and the state of florida, usa, in 2005. hlb endangers the very existence of citrus, as trees infected with the bacterial pathogen, irrevocably decline. in the absence of curative procedures, control of hlb is difficult and only based on prevention. even though not available in culture, the hlb bacterium could be shown to be gr ...	2008	18400468
delay expression of limonoid udp-glucosyltransferase makes delayed bitterness in citrus.	genes encoding limonoid udp-glucosyltransferase from albedo of six citrus species with different levels of delayed bitterness are isolated and cloned in vector ptz57r/t. our results indicate that gene sequence of sweet lime (with intense juice delayed bitterness) have complete identity with satsuma mandarin (without distinctive juice delayed bitterness). also gene sequence of marsh seedless grapefruit, local orange and thompson navel orange (with mild juice delayed bitterness) have very similari ...	2008	18407832
antiperoxidative, antithyroidal, antihyperglycemic and cardioprotective role of citrus sinensis peel extract in male mice.	an extract of citrus sinensis (cs) peel was evaluated for its efficacy in ameliorating l-thyroxine (l-t(4)) induced tissue lipid peroxidation (lpo), hyperthyroidism and hyperglycemia in mice. in a preliminary investigation, of the three different doses of cs (12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50.0 mg/kg) peel extract, 25 mg/kg was found to be the most effective and antiperoxidative, while 50 mg/kg was proved to be hepatotoxic. therefore in the pilot experiment the effects of 25 mg/kg/day of cs for 10 day ...	2008	18412146
spatial distribution of phyllocnistis citrella stainton (lepidoptera: gracillariidae) larvae in three scales.	the spatial distribution of larvae of phyllocnistis citrella stainton (lepidoptera: gracillariidae), the citrus leaf miner, in leaves, shoots, and tree crowns of montenegrina tangerine (citrus deliciosa tenore) and murcott tangor (citrus sinensis l. osbeck x citrus reticulata blanco) was determined. fortnightly samplings from july/2001 to june/2003, in orchards located in montenegro (29 degrees 68' s and 51 degrees 46' w), rs, brazil, were carried out. at each sampling occasion eighth shoots ran ...	2008	18470399
novel mechanism of modulating natural antioxidants in functional foods: involvement of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria nrrl b-30488.	the significance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) mediated increase in antioxidant potential in vegetables is yet unknown. the plant growth-promoting bacterium bacillus lentimorbus nrrl b-30488 (b-30488) mediated induction of dietary antioxidant in vegetables ( trigonella foenum-graecum, lactuca sativa, spinacia oleracea, and daucus carota) and fruit ( citrus sinensis) after minimal processing (fresh, boiled, and frozen) was tested by estimating the total phenol content, level of a ...	2008	18491912
a comparison of four dna extraction methods for the detection of citrus yellow mosaic badna virus from two species of citrus using pcr and dot-blot hybridization.	nucleic acid preparations extracted using four procedures were assessed to determine the suitability of the procedure for pcr-based and dna dot-blot-based detection of citrus yellow mosaic badna virus (cmbv) from two citrus species, acid lime and pummelo. it was found that the success of pcr detection depended upon the procedure of dna extraction whereas the dot-blot detection was successful with all extraction methods examined. cmbv dna sequences amplified from two citrus species indicated high ...	2008	18582956
medicinal values of fruit peels from citrus sinensis, punica granatum, and musa paradisiaca with respect to alterations in tissue lipid peroxidation and serum concentration of glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones.	peel extracts from citrus sinensis, punica granatum, and musa paradisiaca were investigated for their effects on tissue lipid peroxidation (lpo) and on the concentration of thyroid hormones, insulin, and glucose in male rats. in vitro inhibition of h(2)o(2)-induced lpo in red blood cells of rats by 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0 microg/ml c. sinensis, p. granatum, and m. paradisiaca peel extracts was observed in a dose-specific manner. maximum inhibition was observed at 0.50 microg/ml c. sinensis, 2.0 ...	2008	18598183
in vitro evaluation of the effect of natural orange juices on dentin morphology.	the patient's diet has been considered an important etiological factor of dentin hypersensitivity. the frequent ingestion of acidic substances can promote the loss of dental structure or remove the smear layer. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of smear layer removal and dentinal tubules exposure by different natural orange juices. extracted human teeth were submitted to manual scaling in order to develop the smear layer. seventy dentin samples were obtained and distributed in ...	2008	18622489
chemical characterization of citrus sinensis grafted on c. limonia and the effect of some isolated compounds on the growth of xylella fastidiosa.	citrus sinensis grafted on c. limonia produces a considerable number of compounds that are not common in both plants developed from germination of seeds. the chemical profile of scion and rootstock differ notably for absence in the form of flavonoids and coumarins containing c5 prenyl groups attached to the carbon atoms of aromatic and heterocyclic systems or to oxygen. only linear pyranocoumarins xanthyletin and xanthoxyletin were found in scion. this observation indicates that the prenylated c ...	2008	18683948
gene expression analysis in citrus reveals the role of gibberellins on photosynthesis and stress.	the effect of gibberellins (ga) on internode transcriptome was investigated in transgenic carrizo citrange (citrus sinensis x poncirus trifoliata) plants overexpressing endogenous ccga20ox1 (encoding a ga biosynthetic gene), and in non-transformed explants treated with ga(3), using a citrus cdna microarray. substantial modulation of gene expression was found in sense ccga20ox plants. extensive up-regulation of genes involved in photosynthesis and carbon utilization, and down-regulation of those ...	2008	18684239
transmission efficiency of xylella fastidiosa by sharpshooters (hemiptera: cicadellidae) in coffee and citrus.	xylella fastidiosa (wells, raju, hung, weisburg, mandelco-paul, and brenner) is a bacterial pathogen transmitted by several sharpshooters in two tribes of cicadellinae (proconiini and cicadellini). here, we compared the transmission efficiency of x. fastidiosa in coffee (coffea arabica l.) and citrus [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] by cicadellini [bucephalogonia xanthophis (berg) and dilobopterus costalimai young] and proconiini [homalodisca ignorata melichar and oncometopia facialis (signoret)] s ...	2008	18767717
dispersion patterns and sampling plans for diaphorina citri (hemiptera: psyllidae) in citrus.	the abundance and spatial dispersion of diaphorina citri kuwayama (hemiptera: psyllidae) were studied in 34 grapefruit (citrus paradisi macfad.) and six sweet orange [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] orchards from march to august 2006 when the pest is more abundant in southern texas. although flush shoot infestation levels did not vary with host plant species, densities of d. citri eggs, nymphs, and adults were significantly higher on sweet orange than on grapefruit. d. citri immatures also were fou ...	2008	18767763
characterization of the most odor-active volatiles of orange wine made from a turkish cv. kozan (citrus sinensis l. osbeck).	the aroma-active compounds of cv. turkish kozan orange wine were analyzed by sensory and instrumental analyses. liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane was used for extraction of volatile components. according to sensory analysis, the aromatic extract obtained by liquid-liquid extraction was representative of orange wine odor. a total of 63 compounds were identified and quantified in orange wine. the results of the gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis showed that 35 odorous compounds w ...	2008	18078317
boron deficiency decreases growth and photosynthesis, and increases starch and hexoses in leaves of citrus seedlings.	seedlings of sweet orange (citrus sinensis) were fertilized for 14 weeks with boron (b)-free or b-sufficient (2.5 or 10 microm h(3)bo(3)) nutrient solution every other day. boron deficiency resulted in an overall inhibition of plant growth, with a reduction in root, stem and leaf dry weight (dw). boron-starved leaves showed decreased co(2) assimilation and stomatal conductance, but increased intercellular co(2) concentrations. activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisc ...	2008	18191499
diversity and infectivity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils of the sichuan province of mainland china.	knowledge about the presence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in a specific area is an essential first step for utilizing these fungi in any application. the community composition of amf in intensively managed agricultural soil in the sichuan province of southwest china currently is unknown. in one set of samples, amf were trapped in pot cultures from 40 fields growing legumes in the panxi region, southeast sichuan. in a second set of samples, the mpn method with four-fold dil ...	2008	18224350
preference and performance of phyllocnistis citrella stainton (lepidoptera: gracillariidae) on three citrus hosts: laboratory and field assessment.	the relationship between preference and performance is crucial to the ecology and evolution of plant-insect interactions. oviposition preference and offspring performance were evaluated for a citrus pest, the leafminer phyllocnistis citrella (lepidoptera: gracillariidae), on three of its host plants: lemon (citrus limon l. burm.), orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck), and grapefruit (citrus paradisi macfadyen) in tucumán province (northwest argentina). choice and no-choice tests were performed in ...	2008	18801269
screening for antifeedant and larvicidal activity of plant extracts against helicoverpa armigera (hübner), sylepta derogata (f.) and anopheles stephensi (liston).	plant extracts, especially botanical insecticides, are currently studied more and more because of the possibility of their use in plant protection. biological activity of five solvent plant extracts were studied using fourth instar larvae of gram pod borer helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae), cotton leaf roller sylepta derogata (lepidoptera: pyralidae) and malaria vector anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). antifeedant and larvicidal activity of acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ...	2008	18679716
csv03-3 is a member of a novel gene family from citrus that encodes a protein with dna binding activity and whose expression is responsive to defense signals and abiotic stress.	we have identified a novel gene designated csv03-3 from citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck that encodes a 50 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 5.4kda and a pi of 3.7. csv03-3 expression is up-regulated by application of methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid as well as by abiotic stress and insect herbivory. csv03-3 belongs to a small gene family consisting of at least three other closely related members (csv03-1, csv03-2, and csv03-4) whose expression is also respo ...	2008	17482713
[use of morphological and physiological characters, and molecular markers to evaluate the genetic diversity of three clementine cultivars].	originating from a natural crossing between mandarin and sweet orange at the end of the 19(th) century, clementine diversified through the selection of spontaneous mutations. today, it seems almost impossible to distinguish one variety from another. the development of molecular tools for variety identification is thus necessary. three clementine cultivars, representing distinct groups of fruit maturity, were evaluated. identification criteria were searched at the phenotypical level (organoleptic ...	2008	18187117
changes in carotenoid content and biosynthetic gene expression in juice sacs of four orange varieties (citrus sinensis) differing in flesh fruit color.	the contribution of carotenoid composition to the color range of the fruit juice sacs of four orange varieties (citrus sinensis) differing in flesh color, namely, shamouti (normal orange color), sanguinelli ("blood cultivar" purple color), cara cara navel (pink-reddish), and huang pi chen (yellowish color), was investigated. to this end, qualitative and quantitative analyses of carotenoid contents were first performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) using a c30 column and a phot ...	2008	18433104
cspldalpha1 and cspldgamma1 are differentially induced during leaf and fruit abscission and diurnally regulated in citrus sinensis.	understanding leaf and fruit abscission is essential in order to develop strategies for controlling the process in fruit crops. mechanisms involved in signalling leaf and fruit abscission upon induction by abscission agents were investigated in citrus sinensis cv. 'valencia'. previous studies have suggested a role for phospholipid signalling; hence, two phospholipase d cdna sequences, cspldalpha1 and cspldgamma1, were isolated and their role was examined. cspldalpha1 expression was reduced in le ...	2008	18799715
survival and development of immature stages of the mediterranean fruit fly (diptera: tephritidae) in citrus fruit.	we studied, under laboratory conditions, the performance of the mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata (wiedemann) (diptera: tephritidae), immature stages in intact whole fruit of three sweet orange varieties, lemon, and bitter oranges. both citrus variety and fruit part (flavedo, albedo, and pulp) had strong effects on larval performance, smaller effects on pupae, and no effects on eggs. fruit peel was the most critical parameter for larval development and survival, drastically affecting l ...	2008	18613588
characterization of aroma active compounds in fruit juice and peel oil of jinchen sweet orange fruit (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) by gc-ms and gc-o.	gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (gc-o) were used to determine the aromatic composition and aroma active compounds of fruit juice and peel oil of jinchen sweet orange fruit. totals of 49 and 32 compounds were identified in fruit juice and peel oil, respectively. gc-o was performed to study the aromatic profile of jinchen fruit juice and peel oil. a total of 41 components appeared to contribute to the aroma of fruit juice and peel oil. twelve compon ...	2008	18596659
effects of thermal treatments and storage on pectin methylesterase and peroxidase activity in freshly squeezed orange juice.	a specific indicator of freshness, allowing routine distinction between freshly squeezed orange juices (fsojs) and fsoj-like products, was to be identified. using the actijoule unit of a tubular heater at a flow rate of 60 l/h, fsojs from citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck cv. valencia late were continuously heated on a pilot plant scale at six different temperatures (42-92 degrees c), followed by continuous cooling to ambient temperature and subsequent filling into sterilized glass jars. the cloud sta ...	2008	18582085
[probability distribution of orthezia praelonga douglas (hemiptera: sternorrhyncha: ortheziidae) in citrus].	the probability distribution of the orthezia scale, orthezia praelonga douglas, was studied in plots of commercial orange orchards (citrus sinensis l., var. "pêra rio"), with 5, 9 and 15 years of age, during one year. the survey of presence or absence of the pest in the plants was carried through twenty samplings in the total area of each plot visually inspecting each plant. the dispersion indexes used were: variance/mean relationship (i), index of morisita (id), coefficient of green (cx) and k ...	2008	18575702
regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis during fruit maturation in the red-fleshed orange mutant cara cara.	cara cara is a spontaneous bud mutation of navel orange (citrus. sinensis l. osbeck) characterized by developing fruits with a pulp of bright red coloration due to the presence of lycopene. peel of mutant fruits is however orange and indistinguishable from its parental. to elucidate the basis of lycopene accumulation in cara cara, we analyzed carotenoid profile and expression of three isoprenoid and nine carotenoid genes in flavedo and pulp of cara cara and navel fruits throughout development an ...	2008	18538806
phellodendron and citrus extracts benefit cardiovascular health in osteoarthritis patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.	the objective of this clinical study was to assess the potential benefit of a dietary supplement, np 06-1, on cardiovascular protective properties in overweight and normal weight adults diagnosed with osteoarthritis of the knee.	2008	18492265
an evaluation of the basis and consequences of a stay-green mutation in the navel negra citrus mutant using transcriptomic and proteomic profiling and metabolite analysis.	a citrus sinensis spontaneous mutant, navel negra (nan), produces fruit with an abnormal brown-colored flavedo during ripening. analysis of pigment composition in the wild-type and nan flavedo suggested that typical ripening-related chlorophyll (chl) degradation, but not carotenoid biosynthesis, was impaired in the mutant, identifying nan as a type c stay-green mutant. nan exhibited normal expression of chl biosynthetic and catabolic genes and chlorophyllase activity but no accumulation of dephy ...	2008	18467459
[study on the solubilization of o/w microemulsion for volatile oil].	to study the solubilization of o/w microemulsion system for volatile oil.	2008	18831200
hesperidin from citrus sinensis cultivated in dezful, iran.	this study described procedures for extracting and quantitation of hesperidin in the waste orange peel of dezful. two extracting procedure were used. in procedure a hesperidin was isolated from orange peel by extracting the dry peel first with petroleum ether, removing the essential oil and then with methanol. in procedure b alkaline extraction followed by acidification of the extract was used. it was purified by treatment with formamide-activated charcoal. detailed analysis of uv, ir, 1hnmr, 13 ...	2008	19137859
the effects of nitrogen and potassium nutrition on the growth of nonembryogenic and embryogenic tissue of sweet orange (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck).	mineral nutrients are one of the most basic components of plant tissue culture media. nitrogen in the form of nh4+ and no3(-) is the dominant mineral nutrient in most plant tissue culture formulations, with effects dependent on both the proportion and the amount of nh4+ and no3(-). the effects of nitrogen nutrition on the growth of nonembryogenic and embryogenic cell lines of sweet orange (c. sinensis (l.) osbeck cv. 'valencia'), tissues routinely used in citrus horticultural and plant improveme ...	2008	19087252
1h, 15n, and 13c chemical shift assignments of the navel orange worm pheromone-binding protein-1 (atra-pbp1).	a pheromone-binding protein from navel orange worm, amyelois transitella (atra-pbp1) binds to non-polar pheromone molecules and facilitates the transport and delivery of pheromone to the membrane-bound pheromone receptors. we report complete nmr chemical shift assignments of atra-pbp1 obtained at ph 4.5 and 25 degrees c (bmrb no. 15601).	2008	19636880
[first supplement to the bibliography on citrus sinensis].		2009	13125380
ammonium transport and citamt1 expression are regulated by n in citrus plants.	citrus seedlings (citrus sinensis l. osbeck x poncirus trifoliata blanco) were used to describe the effects of different n treatments on the nh4+ influx mediated by high- and low-affinity transport systems (hats and lats, respectively) and citamt1 gene expression. results show that citrus plants favor nh4+ over no3- influx mediated by hats and lats when both n sources are present in the nutrient solution and citrus plants display a much higher capacity to take up nh4+ than no3-. furthermore, nh4 ...	2009	19023591
cloning, characterization and localization of chs gene from blood orange, citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck cv. ruby.	chalcone synthase (chs) is involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin. in this study, a full-length dna of chs gene (named as cschs-bo) was cloned from the blood orange, citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck cv. ruby. the gene was 1,512 bp in size containing an open reading frame (1,176 bp) encoding 391 amino acids. comparative and bioinformatic analyses revealed that the deduced protein of cschs-bo was highly homologous to chs from other plant species. the protein of cschs-bo had four chs-specific conse ...	2009	19005777
proteomic analysis of somatic embryogenesis in valencia sweet orange (citrus sinensis osbeck).	two dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) was employed to study the somatic embryogenesis (se) in valencia sweet orange (citrus sinensis osbeck). twenty-four differentially expressed proteins were identified at five time points of citrus se (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after embryo initiation) covering globular, heart/torpedo and cotyledon-shaped embryo stages. the general expression patterns for these pr ...	2009	18989674