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citrange fruit extracts alleviate obesity-associated metabolic disorder in high-fat diet-induced obese c57bl/6 mouse.obesity is becoming one of the global epidemics of the 21st century. in this study, the effects of citrange (citrus sinensis × poncirus trifoliata) fruit extracts in high-fat (hf) diet-induced obesity mice were studied. female c57bl/6 mice were fed respectively a chow diet (control), an hf diet, hf diet supplemented with 1% w/w citrange peel extract (cpe) or 1% w/w citrange flesh and seed extract (cfse) for 8 weeks. our results showed that both cpe and cfse regulated the glucose metabolic disord ...201324317433
mining of haplotype-based expressed sequence tag single nucleotide polymorphisms in citrus.single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps), the most abundant variations in a genome, have been widely used in various studies. detection and characterization of citrus haplotype-based expressed sequence tag (est) snps will greatly facilitate further utilization of these gene-based resources.201324175923
coumarin and furanocoumarin quantitation in citrus peel via ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (uplc-ms).coumarins and furanocoumarins are secondary metabolites commonly found in citrus plants. these molecules are allelochemical compounds in plants that have controversial effects on humans, such as phototoxicity and the commonly described interactions with drugs, referred to as the "grapefruit juice effect". thus, it is important to develop a reliable method to identify and quantitate the coumarins and furanocoumarins in citrus extracts. for this purpose, we herein describe an ultraperformance liqu ...201324117278
leaf cdna-aflp analysis of two citrus species differing in manganese tolerance in response to long-term manganese-toxicity.very little is known about manganese (mn)-toxicity-responsive genes in citrus plants. seedlings of 'xuegan' (citrus sinensis) and 'sour pummelo' (citrus grandis) were irrigated for 17 weeks with nutrient solution containing 2 μm (control) or 600 μm (mn-toxicity) mnso₄. the objectives of this study were to understand the mechanisms of citrus mn-tolerance and to identify differentially expressed genes, which might be involved in mn-tolerance.201324034812
[spider diversity in cultures of citrus sinensis (rutaceae) in corrientes province, argentina].spiders are predators that reduce insect pest populations in agroecosystems. in spite that the presence of spider assemblages has been described in different crop plants, no reports have been done for citrus species in argentina. we studied the spider community associated with cultures of citrus sinensis in the province of corrientes, argentina, in two plots (am1 irrigated and am2 unirrigated) of 0.82 hectares each. spiders were collected monthly by using pitfall traps, hand capture, agitation o ...201324027921
citrus nobiletin suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in interleukin-1β-treated hepatocytes.nobiletin is a polymethoxylated flavone that is abundant in the peels of citrus fruits, such as citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin) and citrus sinensis. the dried peels of c. unshiu (chinpi) have been included in several formulae of japanese kampo medicines. nobiletin may suppress the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), which synthesizes the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (no) in hepatocytes.201323958298
species composition and abundance of brevipalpus spp. on different citrus species in mexican orchards.we studied the abundance of brevipalpus spp. in citrus orchards in the mexican states of yucatan, quintana roo and campeche. mites were collected from 100 trees containing a mixture of citrus species where sweet orange was always the main species. eight collections were made at each location from february 2010 to february 2011. mites from the genus brevipalpus were separated from other mites surveyed and their abundance and relationships with the different citrus species were quantified througho ...201323949863
the off-line combination of high performance liquid chromatography and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: a powerful approach for highly detailed essential oil analysis.the present contribution is focused on the off-line combination of high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (gc×gc-quadms), and its application to the detailed qualitative analysis of essential oils. specifically, a silica column was exploited for the separation of the essential oil constituents in two groups, namely hydrocarbon and oxygenated compounds. after, each hplc-fraction was reduced in volume, and the ...201323890548
the role of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase and phytoene synthase gene family in citrus carotenoid accumulation.three 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthases (dxs) and three phytoene synthases (psy) were identified in citrus, from affymetrix genechip citrus genome array, genbank and public orange genome databases. tissue-specific expression analysis of these genes was carried out on fruit peel and flesh, flower and leaf of satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.) in order to determine their roles in carotenoid accumulation in different tissues. expression of citdxs1 and citpsy1 was highest in all test tiss ...201323883976
a direct sensitivity comparison between flow-modulated comprehensive 2d and 1d gc in untargeted and targeted ms-based experiments.the present contribution is focused on the measurement of the analytical sensitivity attained in untargeted/targeted ms/ms experiments, performed using flow-modulator comprehensive 2d and 1d gc. the comprehensive 2d experiment was performed by diverting part of the high flow (circa 80%) to flush the accumulation loop (about 28 ml/min) to waste, to reduce the gas flow entering the ion source. 1d analyses were performed through: (i) unmodulated and (ii) single column applications. an equivalent te ...201323868497
interplay between aba and phospholipases a(2) and d in the response of citrus fruit to postharvest dehydration.the interplay between abscisic acid (aba) and phospholipases a2 and d (pla2 and pld) in the response of citrus fruit to water stress was investigated during postharvest by using an aba-deficient mutant from 'navelate' orange named 'pinalate'. fruit from both varieties harvested at two different maturation stages (mature-green and full-mature) were subjected to prolonged water loss inducing stem-end rind breakdown (serb) in full-mature fruit. treatment with pla2 inhibitor aristolochic acid (at) a ...201323800664
the draft genome of sweet orange (citrus sinensis).oranges are an important nutritional source for human health and have immense economic value. here we present a comprehensive analysis of the draft genome of sweet orange (citrus sinensis). the assembled sequence covers 87.3% of the estimated orange genome, which is relatively compact, as 20% is composed of repetitive elements. we predicted 29,445 protein-coding genes, half of which are in the heterozygous state. with additional sequencing of two more citrus species and comparative analyses of s ...201323179022
the influence of citrus rootstocks on the relationship between the mite brevipalpus phoenicis and citrus leprosis disease.leprosis is one of the most serious citrus plant diseases. leprosis-affected plants, especially sweet orange [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck], which is the most widely cultivated citrus fruit worldwide, show reduced photosynthetic capacity and severe defoliation. the aim was to evaluate the relationship between the brevipalpus phoenicis (geijskes) vector mite and citrus leprosis disease in pera sweet orange plants grafted on different rootstocks. data were analysed using numerical classification an ...201322807324
[estimation of the tn and som contents in soil from gan nan navel orange plant area by nir diffuse spectroscopy].the soil sampled from gan nan navel orange plant area was selected as research object, and the feasibility of analyzing the total nitrogen (tn) and soil organic matter (som) of soil was investigated by near infrared spectroscopy (nir) techniques in the wavelength range of 4 000 - 7 500 cm(-1). different pretreatment methods including multiplicative scatter correction (msc), first derivative(1st d), second derivative (2nd d), savitzkv-golay (sg), standard normalized variate (snv) and baseline wer ...201324409716
modification of valencene by bio- and chemical transformation.highly efficient production is discussed of nootkatone, the most important fragrant component of grapefruit and which possesses anti-obesity activity, from valencene, obtained from valencia orange, by the green alga, chlorella, and the fungi, mucor, botryospaeria and botryodiplodia. the microorganisms introduce an oxygen atom at an allylic position to give secondary hydroxyl and keto groups. the presented methods are a cheap one step reaction, non-hazardous and very useful for the production of ...201323980411
stylet morphometrics and citrus leaf vein structure in relation to feeding behavior of the asian citrus psyllid diaphorina citri, vector of citrus huanglongbing bacterium.the asian citrus psyllid (acp), diaphorina citri (hemiptera: psyllidae), is the primary vector of the phloem-limited bacterium candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (las) associated with huanglongbing (hlb, citrus greening), considered the world's most serious disease of citrus. stylet morphometrics of acp nymphs and adults were studied in relation to citrus vein structure and to their putative (histologically verified) feeding sites on valencia orange leaves. acp nymphs preferred to settle and feed ...201323555830
effect of the use of a neutralizing step after antimicrobial application on microbial counts during challenge studies for orange disinfection.the effects of using a neutralizer after applying antimicrobial treatments and the effect of time lapse between treatment application and subsequent recovery and enumeration of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella were investigated in valencia oranges. inoculated oranges surfaces were washed with distilled water for 15 s and then sprayed with a solution containing 200 mg/liter sodium hypochlorite (ph 6.5) for 15 s; they were then dipped in l-lactic acid (2.0% at 55°c) for 1 min or in distille ...201323433383
draft genome sequence of fructophilic lactobacillus florum.herein we report the first genome sequence for lactobacillus florum. l. florum 2f was isolated from valencia orange leaves and is fructophilic, like other strains of this species. the draft genome of l. florum 2f contains 1,261,842 bp with a g+c content of 41.5% in 46 contigs (≥500 bp).201323405360
the effect of home processing on postharvest fungicide residues in citrus fruit: residues of imazalil, 2-phenylphenol and thiabendazole in 'home-made' marmalade, prepared from late valencia oranges.the effects of domestic marmalade-making procedures on residues of imazalil, 2-phenylphenol and thiabendazole in 'sweet' oranges were investigated by comparing residue levels in raw fruit and in marmalades, prepared by heating the oranges with water and sugar for about 4 h in a preserving pan on a gas ring or for about 1 h in a microwave oven. determination of residues in raw oranges and in marmalades was carried out by extraction with dichloromethane, followed by clean-up and reversed phase hpl ...20138181633
behavior of parathion residues in the florida "valencia" orange agroecosystem. 2013447929
distribution of radiocarbon in valencia oranges after treatment with 14 c-cycloheximide. 20135132643
plant water stress effects on stylet probing behaviors of homalodisca vitripennis (hemiptera: cicadellidae) associated with acquisition and inoculation of the bacterium xylella fastidiosa.abstract the glassy-winged sharpshooter, homalodisca vitripennis (germar) (hemiptera: cicadellidae), is a xylem fluid-ingesting leafhopper that transmits xylella fastidiosa wells et al., a plant-infecting bacterium that causes several plant diseases in the americas. although the role of plant water stress on the population density and dispersal ofh. vitripennis has been studied, nothing is known about the effects of plant water stress on the transmission of x. fastidiosa by h. vitripennis. a lab ...201424665686
temporal and spatial scaling of the genetic structure of a vector-borne plant pathogen.the ecology of plant pathogens of perennial crops is affected by the long-lived nature of their immobile hosts. in addition, changes to the genetic structure of pathogen populations may affect disease epidemiology and management practices; examples include local adaptation of more fit genotypes or introduction of novel genotypes from geographically distant areas via human movement of infected plant material or insect vectors. we studied the genetic structure of xylella fastidiosa populations cau ...201424397266
essential oils with insecticidal activity against larvae of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).insecticidal activity of the essential oils (eos) isolated from tagetes lucida, lippia alba, lippia origanoides, eucalyptus citriodora, cymbopogon citratus, cymbopogon flexuosus, citrus sinensis, swinglea glutinosa, and cananga odorata aromatic plants, grown in colombia (bucaramanga, santander), and of a mixture of l. alba and l. origanoides eos were evaluated on aedes (stegomyia) aegypti rockefeller larvae. the eos were extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and characterized by gas ...201424781026
xcc-facilitated agroinfiltration of citrus leaves: a tool for rapid functional analysis of transgenes in citrus leaves.xanthomonas citri subsp. citri pretreatment before agroinfiltration could significantly promote transient expression in citrus leaves which were previously recalcitrant to agroinfiltration. transient expression via agroinfiltration is widely used in biotechnology but remains problematic in many economically important plants. xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc)-facilitated agroinfiltration was employed to promote transient protein expression in valencia sweet orange leaves, which are recalcitran ...201425146436
expression of xylella fastidiosa rpff in citrus disrupts signaling in xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and thereby its virulence.xylella fastidiosa and xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, that cause citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc) and citrus canker diseases, respectively, utilize diffusible signal factor (dsf) for quorum sensing. dsf, produced by rpff, are similar fatty acids in both organisms, although a different set of genes is regulated by dsf in each species. because of this similarity, xylella fastidiosa dsf might be recognized and affect the biology of xanthomonas citri. therefore, transgenic citrus sinensis and carr ...201425099341
comparative proteomic analysis reveals that t3ss, tfp, and xanthan gum are key factors in initial stages of citrus sinensis infection by xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.the bacteria xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xac) is the causal agent of citrus canker. the disease symptoms are characterized by localized host cell hyperplasia followed by tissue necrosis at the infected area. an arsenal of bacterial pathogenicity- and virulence-related proteins is expressed to ensure a successful infection process. at the post-genomic stage of xac, we used a proteomic approach to analyze the proteins that are displayed differentially over time when the pathogen attacks the ho ...201424676796
the effects of nigella sativa (ns), anthemis hyalina (ah) and citrus sinensis (cs) extracts on the replication of coronavirus and the expression of trp genes family.extracts of anthemis hyalina (ah), nigella sativa (ns) and peels of citrus sinensis (cs) have been used as folk medicine to fight antimicrobial diseases. to evaluate the effect of extracts of ah, ns and cs on the replication of coronavirus (cov) and on the expression of trp genes during coronavirus infection, hela-ceacam1a (hela-epithelial carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1a) cells were inoculated with mhv-a59 (mouse hepatitis virus-a59) at moi of 30. 1/50 dilution of the ...201424413991
anti-malarial activity of a polyherbal product (nefang) during early and established plasmodium infection in rodent models.the emerging resistance of plasmodium species to currently available anti-malarials remains a public health concern, hence the need for new effective, safe and affordable drugs. natural products remain a reliable source of drugs. nefang is a polyherbal anti-malarial of the cameroonian folklore medicine with demonstrated in vitro antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities. it is composed of mangifera indica (bark and leaf), psidium guajava, carica papaya, cymbopogon citratus, citrus sinensis, ocim ...201425421605
preliminary examination of herbal extracts on the inhibition of helicobacter pylori.this work aims at describing the traditional uses, to determine the antimicrobial potential of two different extracts hexane, acetone of the leaves of citrus unshiu, citrus sinensis, citrus limon, laurus nobilis, citrus paradisi on clinical strain of h. pylori in a bid to identify potential sources of cheap starting materials for the synthesis of new drugs. h. pylori strain was a culture collection of hacettepe university, turkey.201424653559
stable silver nanoparticles synthesis by citrus sinensis (orange) and assessing activity against food poisoning microbes.silver nanoparticles are considered as good antimicrobial agent. agnps were synthesized by mixing silver nitrate solution with citrus sinesis extract for 2 h at 37 °c and analyzed by uv-visible spectra, sem, xrd, and ftir. agnps were tested against b. subtilis, shigella, s. aureus, and e. coli. minimum inhibitory concentration of agnps was 20 µg/ml for b. subtilis and shigella and 30 µg/ml for s. aureus and e. coli. antibiofilm activity (80% to 90%) was observed at 25 µg/ml. agnps were stable fo ...201425341818
production of the sesquiterpene (+)-valencene by metabolically engineered corynebacterium glutamicum.the sesquiterpene (+)-valencene is an aroma compound of citrus fruits and is used to flavor foods and drinks. biosynthesis of (+)-valencene starts from farnesyl pyrophosphate, an intermediate of carotenoid biosynthesis. corynebacterium glutamicum, the workhorse of the million-ton scale amino acid industry, is naturally pigmented as it synthesizes the rare fifty carbon atoms (c50) containing carotenoid decaprenoxanthin. since the carotenoid pathway of this gram-positive bacterium has previously b ...201424910970
cyclic lipopeptides from bacillus subtilis abs-s14 elicit defense-related gene expression in citrus fruit.effects of cyclic lipopeptides (clps) obtained from bacillus subtilis abs-s14 on eliciting defense-related gene transcription and activity of defense-related enzymes; glucanase (glu), chitinase (chi), peroxidase (pox) and lipoxygenase (lox) in citrus sinensis cv. valencia fruit were determined. the maximum level of glu transcripts induced in fruit treated with fengycin was significantly greatest among treatments at 48 h. surfactin enhanced the lox and pox transcripts. in parallel, corresponding ...201425329301
early-flowering sweet orange mutant 'x11' as a model for functional genomic studies of citrus.there had been many reports on genetic transformation of citrus for functional genomic studies but few included genes associated with flower or fruit traits. a major reason for this might derive from the extensive juvenile stage of citrus plants when regenerated from juvenile explants (epicotyls, cotyledon or calli), which delays the observation of the resulting phenotype. alternatives include the use of explants from adult tissues, which sometimes may be recalcitrant to regeneration or transfor ...201425108567
furocoumarins and coumarins photoinactivate colletotrichum acutatum and aspergillus nidulans fungi under solar radiation.the increasing tolerance to currently-used fungicides is a major problem both in clinical and agricultural areas leading to an urgent need for the development of novel antifungal strategies. this study investigated the in vitro antimicrobial photo treatment (apt) of conidia of the plant-pathogenic fungus colletotrichum acutatum and the ascomycete aspergillus nidulans with the furocoumarins 8-methoxypsoralen (8-mop) and isopimpinellin, and a mixture of two coumarins (7-methoxy coumarin and citrop ...201424509069
in vitro photodynamic inactivation of plant-pathogenic fungi colletotrichum acutatum and colletotrichum gloeosporioides with novel phenothiazinium photosensitizers.the increasing tolerance to currently used fungicides in both clinical and agricultural areas is of great concern. the nonconventional light-based approach of antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (apdt) is a promising alternative to conventional fungicides. we evaluated the effects of apdt with four phenothiazinium derivatives (methylene blue [mb], new methylene blue n [nmbn], toluidine blue o [tbo], and the novel pentacyclic phenothiazinium photosensitizer [ps] s137) on conidia of three fungal ...201424362436
antioxidant and antifungal activity of extracts of the aerial parts of thymus capitatus (l.) hoffmanns against four phytopathogenic fungi of citrus sinensis.many medicinal plants from the lamiaceae family can be easily found in algeria. these plants have been used as traditional medicines by local ethnic groups. thymus capitatus is known in algeria as "zaatar" and has been commonly used as a spice, and reported to have many biological effects.201424644439
isolation and characterization of putative endophytic bacteria antagonistic to phoma tracheiphila and verticillium albo-atrum.a collection of 200 bacterial isolates recovered from citrus plants (citrus limon, citrus sinensis, and citrus reticulata), medicago truncatula and laurus nobilis, was established. in vitro screening indicated that 28 isolates exhibited an inhibitory activity against the vascular pathogens phoma tracheiphila and verticillium albo-atrum. isolates were screened according to their hydrolytic activities, plant growth-promoting bacteria (pgpb) abilities, as well as for the presence of nonribosomal pe ...201425074353
immobilization of xylanase purified from bacillus pumilus vlk-1 and its application in enrichment of orange and grape juices.this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of purified free and immobilized xylanase in enrichment of fruit juices. extracellular xylanase produced from bacillus pumilus vlk-1 was purified to apparent homogeneity by 15.4-fold with 88.3 % recovery in a single step using cm-sephadex c-50. purified xylanase showed a single band on sds-polyacrylamide gel with a molecular mass of 22.0 kda. the purified enzyme was immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated aluminum oxide pellets and the immobiliza ...201425190829
recent introduction and recombination in colletotrichum acutatum populations associated with citrus postbloom fruit drop epidemics in são paulo, brazil.citrus crops in são paulo state, brazil, have been severely affected by postbloom fruit drop disease (pfd), which is caused by colletotrichum acutatum. this disease leads to the drop of up to 100% of young fruits. previous studies have assumed that this pathogen exhibits a clonal reproductive mode, although no population genetic studies have been conducted so far. thus, the genetic structure of six c. acutatum populations from sweet orange orchards showing pfd symptoms was determined using nine ...201424423403
the post-transcriptional regulator rsma/csra activates t3ss by stabilizing the 5' utr of hrpg, the master regulator of hrp/hrc genes, in xanthomonas.the rsma/csra family of the post-transcriptional regulators of bacteria is involved in the regulation of many cellular processes, including pathogenesis. in this study, we demonstrated that rsma not only is required for the full virulence of the phytopathogenic bacterium xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc) but also contributes to triggering the hypersensitive response (hr) in non-host plants. deletion of rsma resulted in significantly reduced virulence in the host plant sweet orange and a delay ...201424586158
application of decolourized and partially purified polygalacturonase and α-amylase in apple juice clarification.polygalacturonase and α-amylase play vital role in fruit juice industry. in the present study, polygalacturonase was produced by aspergillus awamori nakazawa mtcc 6652 utilizing apple pomace and mosambi orange (citrus sinensis var mosambi) peels as solid substrate whereas, α-amylase was produced from a. oryzae (ifo-30103) using wheat bran by solid state fermentation (ssf) process. these carbohydrases were decolourized and purified 8.6-fold, 34.8-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively by activated charc ...201424948919
operating conditions for the continuous bioremediation of free cyanide contaminated wastewater using aspergillus awamori.generation of cyanide-containing wastewater is a growing problem worldwide as numerous cyanide complexes are highly unstable and degrade to form free cyanide (f-cn), the most toxic form of cyanide. agro-waste materials, such as sweet orange (citrus sinensis) waste from the citrus industry, are rich in readily metabolisable carbohydrates that can supplement microbial activity and thus support biodegradation of toxic compounds in wastewater. this study reports on optimal operating conditions for t ...201424622547
structural and biochemical characteristics of citrus flowers associated with defence against a fungal pathogen.the constitutive characters of plants can be structural or biochemical and play an important role in their defence against pathogens. citrus postbloom fruit drop (pfd) caused by colletotrichum spp. is one of the most important fungal diseases of citrus. the pathogen infects the flowers, leading to premature fruit drop and reducing citrus production. however, flower buds smaller than 8 mm long are usually not infected by colletotrichum spp. thus, this study investigated whether there are constitu ...201425535209
annotation of gene function in citrus using gene expression information and co-expression networks.the genus citrus encompasses major cultivated plants such as sweet orange, mandarin, lemon and grapefruit, among the world's most economically important fruit crops. with increasing volumes of transcriptomics data available for these species, gene co-expression network (gcn) analysis is a viable option for predicting gene function at a genome-wide scale. gcn analysis is based on a "guilt-by-association" principle whereby genes encoding proteins involved in similar and/or related biological proce ...201425023870
targeted genome editing of sweet orange using cas9/sgrna.genetic modification, including plant breeding, has been widely used to improve crop yield and quality, as well as to increase disease resistance. targeted genome engineering is expected to contribute significantly to future varietal improvement, and genome editing technologies using zinc finger nucleases (zfns), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (talens), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr)/cas9/single guide rna (sgrna) have already been successfu ...201424710347
identification of putative tal effector targets of the citrus canker pathogens shows functional convergence underlying disease development and defense response.transcriptional activator-like (tal) effectors, formerly known as the avrbs3/ptha protein family, are dna-binding effectors broadly found in xanthomonas spp. that transactivate host genes upon injection via the bacterial type three-secretion system. biologically relevant targets of tal effectors, i.e. host genes whose induction is vital to establish a compatible interaction, have been reported for xanthomonads that colonize rice and pepper; however, citrus genes modulated by the tal effectors pt ...201424564253
the use of aromasticks at a cancer centre: a retrospective audit.to consider the use of aromasticks in a cancer centre in the uk: the reasons for their use, the choice of essential oils used in them and the demographics of the patients to whom they were given.201425486854
sequencing of diverse mandarin, pummelo and orange genomes reveals complex history of admixture during citrus domestication.cultivated citrus are selections from, or hybrids of, wild progenitor species whose identities and contributions to citrus domestication remain controversial. here we sequence and compare citrus genomes--a high-quality reference haploid clementine genome and mandarin, pummelo, sweet-orange and sour-orange genomes--and show that cultivated types derive from two progenitor species. although cultivated pummelos represent selections from one progenitor species, citrus maxima, cultivated mandarins ar ...201424908277
anticholinesterase and antioxidative properties of water-extractable phytochemicals from some citrus peels.aqueous extracts from citrus peels are used in many rural communities in nigeria in treating various degenerative conditions, although the scientific basis for its use has not been well established. this study sought to investigate the anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts from some citrus peels [orange (citrus sinensis), grapefruit (citrus paradisii), and shaddock (citrus maxima)].201423907423
collection and chemical composition of phloem sap from citrus sinensis l. osbeck (sweet orange).through utilizing the nutrient-rich phloem sap, sap feeding insects such as psyllids, leafhoppers, and aphids can transmit many phloem-restricted pathogens. on the other hand, multiplication of phloem-limited, uncultivated bacteria such as candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (clas) inside the phloem of citrus indicates that the sap contains all the essential nutrients needed for the pathogen growth. the phloem sap composition of many plants has been studied; however, to our knowledge, there is no ...201425014027
extraction process optimization of polyphenols from indian citrus sinensis - as novel antiglycative agents in the management of diabetes mellitus.diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood glucose level. it has become an epidemic disease in the 21st century where, india leads the world with largest number of diabetic subjects. non-enzymatic glycosylation (glycation) is severe form of diabetes, occurs between reducing sugar and proteins which results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (ages) that leads to the other complicated secondary disorders. in this context, mangifera indica (m ...201424397983
validated method for phytohormone quantification in plants.phytohormones are long time known as important components of signaling cascades in plant development and plant responses to various abiotic and biotic challenges. quantifications of phytohormone levels in plants are typically carried out using gc or lc-ms/ms systems, due to their high sensitivity, specificity, and the fact that not much sample preparation is needed. however, mass spectrometer-based analyses are often affected by the particular sample type (different matrices), extraction procedu ...201425206356
molecular characterization of two glutathione peroxidase genes of panax ginseng and their expression analysis against environmental stresses.glutathione peroxidases (gpxs) are a group of enzymes that protect cells against oxidative damage generated by reactive oxygen species (ros). gpx catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) or organic hydroperoxides to water or alcohols by reduced glutathione. the presence of gpxs in plants has been reported by several groups, but the roles of individual members of this family in a single plant species have not been studied. two gpx cdnas were isolated and characterized from the embryoge ...201424269671
complete chloroplast genome sequence of omani lime (citrus aurantiifolia) and comparative analysis within the rosids.the genus citrus contains many economically important fruits that are grown worldwide for their high nutritional and medicinal value. due to frequent hybridizations among species and cultivars, the exact number of natural species and the taxonomic relationships within this genus are unclear. to compare the differences between the citrus chloroplast genomes and to develop useful genetic markers, we used a reference-assisted approach to assemble the complete chloroplast genome of omani lime (c. au ...201425398081
comparison of the inhibition of monoamine oxidase and butyrylcholinesterase activities by infusions from green tea and some citrus peels.this study sought to investigate the effect of infusions from green tea (camellia sinensis) and some citrus peels [shaddock (citrus maxima), grapefruit (citrus paradisi), and orange (citrus sinensis)] on key enzymes relevant to the management of neurodegenerative conditions [monoamine oxidase (mao) and butyrylcholinesterase (bche)]. the total phenol contents and antioxidant activities as typified by their 2,2(')-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (abts) radicals scavenging abiliti ...201425243093
in vitro antiplasmodial activities and synergistic combinations of differential solvent extracts of the polyherbal product, nefang.nefang, a polyherbal product composed of mangifera indica (bark and leaf), psidium guajava, carica papaya, cymbopogon citratus, citrus sinensis, and ocimum gratissimum (leaves), is a potential therapy against p. falciparum malaria. in vitro antiplasmodial activities of its constituent solvent extracts were analyzed on cq-sensitive (3d7) and multidrug resistant (dd2) p. falciparum strains. the interactions involving the differential solvent extracts were further analyzed using a variable potency ...201424877138
anti-hiv-1 activity of eight monofloral iranian honey types.monofloral iranian honeys from eight floral sources were analyzed to determine their anti-hiv-1 activities as well as their effects on lymphocyte proliferation. the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) used in this study were prepared from five healthy volunteers who were seronegative for hiv, hcv, hbv and tb. the anti-hiv-1 activity of eight different honeys was performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay and high pure viral nucleic acid kit. the results demonstrated t ...201425333699
resistance of citrus and related genera to diaphorina citri kuwayama (hemiptera: liviidae).the present study was developed to evaluate the resistance of the following genotypes of citrus and related genera to this pest: 'pera,' 'natal', and 'washington navel' oranges (citrus sinensis), 'marsh seedless' grapefruit (citrus paradisi), hardy orange 'rubidoux' (poncirus trifoliata), kumquat (fortunella margarita swingle), citrumelo 'swingle' (c. paradisi x p. trifoliata), and citrange 'troyer' (p. trifoliata x c. sinensis). the experiments were performed in greenhouses with plants grafted ...201427193957
identification of genes associated with low furanocoumarin content in grapefruit.some furanocoumarins in grapefruit (citrus paradisi) are associated with the so-called grapefruit juice effect. previous phytochemical quantification and genetic analysis suggested that the synthesis of these furanocoumarins may be controlled by a single gene in the pathway. in this study, cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cdna-aflp) analysis of fruit tissues was performed to identify the candidate gene(s) likely associated with low furanocoumarin content in grapefruit. fifteen tentat ...201425756876
comparative transcriptome analyses between a spontaneous late-ripening sweet orange mutant and its wild type suggest the functions of aba, sucrose and ja during citrus fruit ripening.a spontaneous late-ripening mutant of 'jincheng' (c. sinensis l. osbeck) sweet orange exhibited a delay of fruit pigmentation and harvesting. in this work, we studied the processes of orange fruit ripening through the comparative analysis between the jincheng mutant and its wild type. this study revealed that the fruit quality began to differ on 166th days after anthesis. at this stage, fruits were subjected to transcriptome analysis by rna sequencing. 13,412 differentially expressed unigenes (d ...201425551568
genome-wide classification and evolutionary and expression analyses of citrus myb transcription factor families in sweet orange.myb family genes are widely distributed in plants and comprise one of the largest transcription factors involved in various developmental processes and defense responses of plants. to date, few myb genes and little expression profiling have been reported for citrus. here, we describe and classify 177 members of the sweet orange myb gene (csmyb) family in terms of their genomic gene structures and similarity to their putative arabidopsis orthologs. according to these analyses, these csmybs were c ...201425375352
cdna-aflp analysis reveals the adaptive responses of citrus to long-term boron-toxicity.boron (b)-toxicity is an important disorder in agricultural regions across the world. seedlings of 'sour pummelo' (citrus grandis) and 'xuegan' (citrus sinensis) were fertigated every other day until drip with 10 μm (control) or 400 μm (b-toxic) h3bo3 in a complete nutrient solution for 15 weeks. the aims of this study were to elucidate the adaptive mechanisms of citrus plants to b-toxicity and to identify b-tolerant genes.201425348611
involvements of pcd and changes in gene expression profile during self-pruning of spring shoots in sweet orange (citrus sinensis).citrus shoot tips abscise at an anatomically distinct abscission zone (az) that separates the top part of the shoots into basal and apical portions (citrus self-pruning). cell separation occurs only at the az, which suggests its cells have distinctive molecular regulation. although several studies have looked into the morphological aspects of self-pruning process, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown.201425308090
genome-wide identification and phylogenetic analysis of the ap2/erf gene superfamily in sweet orange (citrus sinensis).sweet orange (citrus sinensis) plays an important role in the economy of more than 140 countries, but it is grown in areas with intermittent stressful soil and climatic conditions. the stress tolerance could be addressed by manipulating the ethylene response factor (erf) transcription factors because they orchestrate plant responses to environmental stress. we performed an in silico study on the erfs in the expressed sequence tag database of c. sinensis to identify potential genes that regulate ...201425299098
evaluation of the anti-proliferative and cytostatic effect of citrus sinensis (orange) fruit juice.this work has been designed to evaluate the anti-proliferative and cytostatic effects of citrus sinensis (orange) fruit juice on rapidly proliferating cells.201425298937
phenology of asian citrus psyllid (hemiptera: liviidae) and associated parasitoids on two species of citrus, kinnow mandarin and sweet orange, in punjab pakistan.the population phenology of asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri kuwayama, was monitored weekly for 110 wk on two species of citrus, kinnow mandarin and sweet orange, at two different research sites in faisalabad, punjab pakistan. citrus flush growth patterns were monitored and natural enemy surveys were conducted weekly. flush patterns were similar for kinnow and sweet orange. however, flush on sweet orange was consistently more heavily infested with asian citrus psyllid than kinnow flush; de ...201425198345
genome wide characterization of short tandem repeat markers in sweet orange (citrus sinensis).sweet orange (citrus sinensis) is one of the major cultivated and most-consumed citrus species. with the goal of enhancing the genomic resources in citrus, we surveyed, developed and characterized microsatellite markers in the ≈347 mb sequence assembly of the sweet orange genome. a total of 50,846 ssrs were identified with a frequency of 146.4 ssrs/mbp. dinucleotide repeats are the most frequent repeat class and the highest density of ssrs was found in chromosome 4. ssrs are non-randomly distrib ...201425148383
detection of mandarin in orange juice by single-nucleotide polymorphism qpcr assay.a dual-probe real time pcr (qpcr) dna-based analysis was devised for the identification of mandarin in orange juice. a single nucleotide polymorphism at the trnl-trnf intergenic region of the chloroplast chromosome was confirmed in nine orange (citrus sinensis) and thirteen commercial varieties of mandarin, including citrus reticulata and citrus unshiu species and a mandarin × tangelo hybrid. two short minor-groove binding fluorescent probes targeting the polymorphic sequence were used in the du ...201424128588
metabolite signature of candidatus liberibacter asiaticus infection in two citrus varieties.huanglongbing (hlb), also known as citrus greening disease, is caused by the bacterium 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus' (clas) and is a serious threat to the citrus industry. to understand the effect of clas infection on the citrus metabolome, juice from healthy (n = 18), hlb-asymptomatic (n = 18), and hlb-symptomatic hamlin (n = 18), as well as from healthy (n = 18) and hlb-symptomatic (n = 18) valencia sweet oranges (from southern and eastern florida) were evaluated using (1)h nmr-based met ...201424959841
comparison of carotenoid accumulation and biosynthetic gene expression between valencia and rohde red valencia sweet oranges.carotenoid accumulation and biosynthetic gene expression levels during fruit maturation were compared between ordinary valencia (val) and its more deeply colored mutant rohde red valencia orange (rrv). the two cultivars exhibited different carotenoid profiles and regulatory mechanisms in flavedo and juice sacs, respectively. in flavedo, there was uncoordinated carotenoid accumulation and gene expression in rrv during green stages, which might be related to the expression of certain gene(s) in th ...201425219303
metabolomic approaches for orange origin discrimination by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.in this work, hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (qtof ms) coupled to ultra high performance liquid chromatography (uhplc) has been used for biomarkers identification for correct authentication of valencia (spain) oranges. differentiation from foreign argentinean, brazilian and south african oranges has been carried out using xcms application and multivariate analysis to uhplc-(q)tof ms data acquired in both, positive and negative ionisation modes. several markers have been found ...201424679755
phosphoproteomic analysis of chromoplasts from sweet orange during fruit ripening.like other types of plastids, chromoplasts have essential biosynthetic and metabolic activities which may be regulated via post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, of their resident proteins. we here report a proteome-wide mapping of in vivo phosphorylation sites in chromoplast-enriched samples prepared from sweet orange [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] at different ripening stages by titanium dioxide-based affinity chromatography for phosphoprotein enrichment with lc-ms/ms. a tot ...201423786612
metabolic engineering of β-carotene in orange fruit increases its in vivo antioxidant properties.orange is a major crop and an important source of health-promoting bioactive compounds. increasing the levels of specific antioxidants in orange fruit through metabolic engineering could strengthen the fruit's health benefits. in this work, we have afforded enhancing the β-carotene content of orange fruit through blocking by rna interference the expression of an endogenous β-carotene hydroxylase gene (csβ-chx) that is involved in the conversion of β-carotene into xanthophylls. additionally, we h ...201424034339
first evidence of c- and o-glycosyl flavone in blood orange (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) juice and their influence on antioxidant properties.rp-lc-dad-esi-ms-ms separation/identification protocol has been employed for the identification and characterisation of nine c- and o-glycosyl flavonoids in moro (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) juice grown in southern italy. for the first time we reported the presence of five c-glycosyl flavones (lucenin-2, vicenin-2, stellarin-2, lucenin-2 4'-methyl ether and scoparin), a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl glycosyl flavonol (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl glycosyl quercetin) and a flavone o-glycosides (chrys ...201424295703
comprehensive insights on how 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid retards senescence in post-harvest citrus fruits using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches.auxin-like 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), a high-efficiency anti-stalling agent for the post-harvest fresh fruit industry, has had its use restricted due to environmental concerns. however, no other substitutes for 2,4-d are available to the post-harvest industry. insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of 2,4-d on fruit quality preservation will provide a theoretical basis for exploring new safe and effective anti-stalling agents. this study comprehensively analyse ...201424215076
genome-wide comparison of micrornas and their targeted transcripts among leaf, flower and fruit of sweet orange.in plants, micrornas (mirnas) regulate gene expression mainly at the post-transcriptional level. previous studies have demonstrated that mirna-mediated gene silencing pathways play vital roles in plant development. here, we used a high-throughput sequencing approach to characterize the mirnas and their targeted transcripts in the leaf, flower and fruit of sweet orange.201425142253
prediction and functional analysis of the sweet orange protein-protein interaction network.sweet orange (citrus sinensis) is one of the most important fruits world-wide. because it is a woody plant with a long growth cycle, genetic studies of sweet orange are lagging behind those of other species.201425091279
phytochemical analysis and radical scavenging profile of juices of citrus sinensis, citrus anrantifolia, and citrus limonum.the aim of the current investigation was to identify bioactive secondary metabolites including phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpinedes, and steroids and compare the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant profile of the juice extracted from the fruits of citrus sinensis, citrus anrantifolia, and citrus limonum.201425024932
comparative effect of citrus sinensis and carbimazole on serum t4, t3 and tsh levels.there are previous independent reports on the anti-thyroid property of citrus sinensis. this isoflavones and phenolic acid-rich natural agent is widely consumed as dietary supplement, thus the need to investigate its comparative effect with a standard anti-thyroid drug on t4, t3 and thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) levels.201425013255
[citrus boron nutrient level and its impact factors in the three gorges reservoir region of chongqing, china].to investigate the level of boron nutrient in citrus and its impact factors, a total of 954 citrus leaf samples and 302 soil samples were collected from representative orchards in the 12 main citrus production counties in the three gorges reservoir region of chongqing to determine the boron content in citrus leaves, as well as the relationships between leaf boron content with soil available boron content, soil ph value, cultivar, rootstock and the age of tree. results indicated that the leaf sam ...201425011290
genome-wide analysis of the r2r3-myb transcription factor gene family in sweet orange (citrus sinensis).myb transcription factor represents one of the largest gene families in plant genomes. sweet orange (citrus sinensis) is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide, and recently the genome has been sequenced. this provides an opportunity to investigate the organization and evolutionary characteristics of sweet orange myb genes from whole genome view. in the present study, we identified 100 r2r3-myb genes in the sweet orange genome. a comprehensive analysis of this gene family was performed, ...201425008995
in vitro studies of a distillate of rectified essential oils on sinonasal components of mucociliary clearance.herbal remedies predate written history and continue to be used frequently for many common ailments. the essential oil mixture standardized is a phytopharmaceutical with a distillate of a mixture of rectified essential oils of eucalyptus, sweet orange, myrtle, and lemon as active ingredients used to treat respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and rhinosinusitis. we evaluated the pharmacologic effects of a distillate of rectified essential oils standardized on primary human upper respiratory ep ...201424980236
reduction of non-enzymatic browning of orange juice and semi-concentrates by removal of reaction substrate.a study was conducted to standardize the technology for the removal of amino acids (one of the browning reaction substrates) from sweet orange cv. malta common juice to reduce colour and quality deterioration in single strength juice and during subsequent concentration. juice of sweet orange (citrus sinensis) cv. malta common fruits was extracted by screw type juice extractor, preserved in 500 ppm so2 and clarified by using "pectinase ccm" enzyme (0.2% for 2 h at 50 ± 2 °c). for removal of amino ...201424966423
effects of boron deficiency on major metabolites, key enzymes and gas exchange in leaves and roots of citrus sinensis seedlings.boron (b) deficiency is a widespread problem in many crops, including citrus. the effects of b-deficiency on gas exchange, carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, total soluble proteins and phenolics, and the activities of key enzymes involved in organic acid and amino acid metabolism in 'xuegan' [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] leaves and roots were investigated. boron-deficient leaves displayed excessive accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates and much lower co2 assimilation, demonstrating ...201424957048
[preliminary analysis of bitter substances in spica of prunella vulgaris].volatile oil components and the contents and types of amino acid in spica of prunella vulgaris were analysed by gc-ms and amino acid analyzer. esters, fatty acids, aromatic hydrocarbon, ketone and several alcohol compounds were identified by mass spectrum comparison. in these ingredients, beta-ionone smelled aroma of cedar, raspberry, nerolidol showed weak sweet soft orange blossom flavor, neroli tasted sweet and fresh, nerolidol tasted sweet with light aroma of wood, hexadecanal showed a weak a ...201424946541
effect of second cooling on the chemical components of essential oils from orange peel (citrus sinensis).a second cooling was added to the oil collectors of an improved clevenger-type apparatus (ict) to investigate the thermal reaction of essential oils from orange peel compared to a traditional clevenger-type apparatus (ct). the results demonstrated the yield rate of essential oil from ict was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that from ct. the major components of the essential oils consisted of monoterpenes, such as d-limonene, β-myrcene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, α-pinene. interestingly, ict pre ...201424945493
protective effect of red orange extract supplementation against uv-induced skin damages: photoaging and solar lentigines.exposure of the skin to solar ultraviolet (uv) radiations causes important oxidative damages that result in clinical and hystopathological changes, contributing to premature skin aging. hyperpigmented lesions, also known as age spots, are one of the most visible alterations in skin photoaging. skin is naturally equipped with antioxidant systems against uv-induced ros generation; however, these antioxidant defenses are not completely efficient during exposure to sunlight. oral antioxidants are ab ...201424910279
oviposition deterrent and ovicidal activities of seven herbal essential oils against female adults of housefly, musca domestica l.the oviposition deterrent and ovicidal of seven herbal essential oils derived from citrus sinensis, cymbopogon citratus, eucalyptus glubulus, illicium verum, lavandula angustifolia, mentha piperita, and zingiber cussumunar were assessed against the gravid female of housefly, musca domestica l., under laboratory conditions and compared with commercial insecticide (10% w/v cypermethrin). they were assayed at three concentrations (1.0, 5.0, and 10.0%) where plastic cups containing 1 ml of desired o ...201424894080
identification of boron-deficiency-responsive micrornas in citrus sinensis roots by illumina sequencing.boron (b)-deficiency is a widespread problem in many crops, including citrus. micrornas (mirnas) play important roles in nutrient deficiencies. however, little is known on b-deficiency-responsive mirnas in plants. in this study, we first identified mirnas and their expression pattern in b-deficient citrus sinensis roots by illumina sequencing in order to identify mirnas that might be involved in the tolerance of plants to b-deficiency.201424885979
influence of crop load on the expression patterns of starch metabolism genes in alternate-bearing citrus trees.the fruit is the main sink organ in citrus and captures almost all available photoassimilates during its development. consequently, carbohydrate partitioning and starch content depend on the crop load of citrus trees. nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms controlling the starch metabolism at the tree level in relation to presence of fruit. the aim of this study was to find the relation between the seasonal variation of expression and activity of the genes involved in carbon metaboli ...201424747724
a transcriptional approach to unravel the connection between phospholipases a₂ and d and aba signal in citrus under water stress.the effect of water stress on the interplay between phospholipases (pl) a2 and d and aba signalling was investigated in fruit and leaves from the sweet orange navelate and its fruit-specific aba-deficient mutant pinalate by studying simultaneously expression of 5 pld and 3 pla2-encoding genes. in general, expression levels of pld-encoding genes were higher at harvest in the flavedo (coloured outer part of the peel) from pinalate. moreover, a higher and transient increase in expression of cspldα, ...201424713122
study of production and pyrolysis characteristics of sweet orange flavor-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex.flavor plays an important role and has been widely used in foods. encapsulation can prevent the loss of volatile aromatic ingredients, provide protection and enhance the stability of the flavor. kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are helpful in understanding the mechanism of molecular recognition between hosts and guests. this work focused on the study of production of a sweet orange flavor-β-cyclodextrin (cd) inclusion complex, and investigated the combination of flavor and β-cd by thermograv ...201424708955
study on essential oils from four species of zhishi with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.citrus fruits are widely used as food and or for medicinal purposes, and they contain a host of active substances that contribute to health. the immature fruits of citrus sinensis osbeck and its cultivars (cs), c. junos sieb. ex tanaka (cj), c. aurantium l. and its cultivars (ca) and poncirus trifoliate raf. (pt) are the most commonly used medicinal herbs in traditional chinese medicine, called zhishi. and their mature fruits can be used as food.201424708882
impact of sensory feed additives on feed intake, feed preferences, and growth of female piglets during the early postweaning period.our study aimed at investigating the effect of feed supplementation, from weaning, with 3 sensory feed additives (fa1, fa2, and fa3) on feed preferences, feed intake, and growth of piglets. the fa1 contained extract of stevia rebaudiana (10 to 20%), extract of high-saponin plants (5 to 10%), and excipients (70 to 85%), the fa2 was mainly composed of a natural extract of citrus sinensis (60 to 80%), and the fa3 was made of a blend of extracts of hot-flavored spices (5 to 15%) and excipients (85 t ...201424668952
physicochemical and functional properties of micronized jincheng orange by-products (citrus sinensis osbeck) dietary fiber and its application as a fat replacer in yogurt.orange by-products from juice extraction are generally discarded or used in animal feed due to their low market value. however, orange by-products show potential as dietary fiber (df) and fat replacers in products such as yogurt. this study assessed the benefits of using orange by-products in df-enriched materials such as df powders (op) and micronized df with ball-milling (mdf). the study also investigated the effects of adding different levels of op and mdf on the quality of low-fat yogurt. re ...201424625022
temporal progression of 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus' infection in citrus and acquisition efficiency by diaphorina citri.over the last decade, the plant disease huanglongbing (hlb) has emerged as a primary threat to citrus production worldwide. hlb is associated with infection by phloem-limited bacteria ('candidatus liberibacter' spp.) that are transmitted by the asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri. transmission efficiency varies with vector-related aspects (e.g., developmental stage and feeding periods) but there is no information on the effects of host-pathogen interactions. here, acquisition efficiency of 'c ...201424620723
an integrative analysis of the transcriptome and proteome of the pulp of a spontaneous late-ripening sweet orange mutant and its wild type improves our understanding of fruit ripening in citrus.fruit ripening is a complex, genetically programmed process that occurs in conjunction with the differentiation of chloroplasts into chromoplasts and involves changes to the organoleptic properties of the fruit. in this study, an integrative analysis of the transcriptome and proteome was performed to identify important regulators and pathways involved in fruit ripening in a spontaneous late-ripening mutant ('fengwan' orange, citrus sinensis l. osbeck) and its wild type ('fengjie 72-1'). at the t ...201424600016
differential transcriptional regulation of l-ascorbic acid content in peel and pulp of citrus fruits during development and maturation.citrus fruits are an important source of ascorbic acid (asa) for human nutrition, but the main pathways involved in its biosynthesis and their regulation are still not fully characterized. to study the transcriptional regulation of asa accumulation, expression levels of 13 genes involved in asa biosynthesis, 5 in recycling and 5 in degradation were analyzed in peel and pulp of fruit of two varieties with different asa concentration: navel orange (citrus sinensis) and satsuma mandarin (citrus uns ...201424567029
isolation, classification and transcription profiles of the ap2/erf transcription factor superfamily in citrus.the ap2/erf gene family encodes plant-specific transcription factors. in model plants, ap2/erf genes have been shown to be expressed in response to developmental and environmental stimuli, and many function downstream of the ethylene, biotic, and abiotic stress signaling pathways. in citrus, ethylene is effective in regulation citrus fruit quality, such as degreening and aroma. however, information about the citrus ap2/erf family is limited, and would enhance our understanding of fruit responses ...201424566692
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