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transcriptome changes associated with boron deficiency in leaves of two citrus scion-rootstock combinations.boron (b) deficiency stress is frequently observed in citrus orchards and causes considerable loss of productivity and fruit quality. carrizo citrange (cc) has been reported as a rootstock more tolerant to b deficiency than trifoliate orange (to). the 'newhall' navel orange (ns) performed better when grafted onto cc (ns/cc) than when grafted onto to (ns/to) under long-term b deficiency. the present study confirmed that ns/cc had higher boron content, leaf fresh weight, lower leaf chlorosis and s ...201728352276
identification and characterization of citrus tristeza virus isolates breaking resistance in trifoliate orange in california.most citrus tristeza virus (ctv) isolates in california are biologically mild and symptomless in commercial cultivars on ctv tolerant rootstocks. however, to better define california ctv isolates showing divergent serological and genetic profiles, selected isolates were subjected to deep sequencing of small rnas. full-length sequences were assembled, annotated and trifoliate orange resistance-breaking (rb) isolates of ctv were identified. phylogenetic relationships based on their full genomes pl ...201728453412
compositional shift in fatty acid profiles of lipids obtained from oleaginous yeasts upon the addition of essential oil from citrus sinensis l.tailoring lipids from oleaginous yeasts to contain specific types of fatty acid is of considerable interest to food, fuel, and pharmaceutical industries. in this study, the essential oil obtained from citrus sinesus l. has been used to alter the fatty acid composition of two common oleaginous yeasts, rhodosporidium toruloides and cryptococcus curvatus. with increasing levels of essential oil in the medium, the metabolic flux of the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway shifted towards saturated fatty ...201728474217
effects of heat treatment on the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of orange by-products.this study investigated the changes in the functional components, antioxidative activities, antibacterial activities, anti-inflammatory activities of orange (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) by-products (obp) on heat treatment at 50 and 100 °c (hereafter denoted 50d and 100d extracts, respectively). optimal heating conditions were also investigated. the total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidative activities of obp extracts significantly increased on heat treatment. the lag time of cu ...201728653733
cytotoxicity and anti-leishmania amazonensis activity of citrus sinensis leaf extracts.leishmania amazonensis is the main agent of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, a disease characterized by lesional polymorphism and the commitment of skin surface. previous reports demonstrated that the citrus genus possess antimicrobial activity.201728524774
first report of phyllosticta citricarpa and description of two new species, p. paracapitalensis and p. paracitricarpa, from citrus in europe.the genus phyllosticta occurs worldwide, and contains numerous plant pathogenic, endophytic and saprobic species. phyllosticta citricarpa is the causal agent of citrus black spot disease (cbs), affecting fruits and leaves of several citrus hosts (rutaceae), and can also be isolated from asymptomatic citrus tissues. citrus black spot occurs in citrus-growing regions with warm summer rainfall climates, but is absent in countries of the european union (eu). phyllosticta capitalensis is morphologica ...201728720979
quantification of transfer of salmonella from citrus fruits to peel, edible portion, and gloved hands during hand peeling.although studies have quantified bacterial transfer between hands and various materials, cross-contamination between the surface of fresh citrus fruit and the edible portions during hand peeling has not been reported. this study quantifies transfer of salmonella to the edible portion of citrus fruit from a contaminated peel during hand peeling. citrus fruits used for this study were citrus sinensis (sweet orange) cultivars 'valencia' and 'navel', citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarins), citrus reticul ...201728463082
crystal structure and regulation of the citrus pol iii repressor maf1 by auxin and phosphorylation.maf1 is the main rna polymerase (pol) iii repressor that controls cell growth in eukaryotes. the citrus ortholog, csmaf1, was shown to restrict cell growth in citrus canker disease but its role in plant development and disease is still unclear. we solved the crystal structure of the globular core of csmaf1, which reveals additional structural elements compared with the previously available structure of hmaf1, and explored the dynamics of its flexible regions not present in the structure. csmaf1 ...201728781084
ectopic expression of xylella fastidiosa rpff conferring production of diffusible signal factor in transgenic tobacco and citrus alters pathogen behavior and reduces disease severity.the pathogenicity of xylella fastidiosa is associated with its ability to colonize the xylem of host plants. expression of genes contributing to xylem colonization are suppressed, while those necessary for insect vector acquisition are increased, with increasing concentrations of diffusible signal factor (dsf) whose production is dependent on rpff. we previously demonstrated that transgenic citrus plants ectopically expressing rpff from a citrus strain of x. fastidiosa subsp. pauca exhibited les ...201728777044
proteomics-based identification of differentially abundant proteins reveals adaptation mechanisms of xanthomonas citri subsp. citri during citrus sinensis infection.xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xac) is the causal agent of citrus canker. a proteomic analysis under in planta infectious and non-infectious conditions was conducted in order to increase our knowledge about the adaptive process of xac during infection.201728693412
sulfate-binding protein (sbp) from xanthomonas citri: structure and functional insights.the uptake and transport of sulfate in bacteria is mediated by an atp-binding cassette transporter (abc transporter) encoded by sbpcysuwa genes, whose importance has been widely demonstrated due to their relevance in cysteine synthesis and bacterial growth. in xanthomonas citri, the causative agent of canker disease, the expression of components from this abc transporter and others related to uptake of organic sulfur sources has been shown during in vitro growth cultures. in this work, based on ...201728562158
sclerenchymatous ring as a barrier to phloem feeding by asian citrus psyllid: evidence from electrical penetration graph and visualization of stylet pathways.asian citrus psyllid (diaphorina citri) feeding behaviors play a significant role in the transmission of the phloem-limited candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (clas) bacterium that causes the economically devastating citrus greening disease. sustained phloem ingestion by d. citri on clas infected plants is required for pathogen acquisition and transmission. recent studies have shown a fibrous ring of thick-walled sclerenchyma around the phloem in mature, fully expanded citrus leaves that is more ...201728278248
isolation and identification of fungi associated with spoilt fruits vended in gwagwalada market, abuja, nigeria.annual reports have shown that 20% of fruits and vegetables produced are lost to spoilage. this study was undertaken to isolate and identify fungi that are associated with spoilt fruits commonly sold in gwagwalada market, abuja, and recommend appropriate control measure.201728507410
the effect of viroid infection of citrus trees on the amoebicidal activity of 'maltese half-blood' (citrus sinensis) against trophozoite stage of acanthamoeba castellanii neff.in order to promote a local tunisian product, this study was designed to examine, for the first time, the anti-acanthamoeba activity (acanthamoeba castellanii neff) of the essential oils of tunisian citrus sinensis peels (maltese half-blood) and the effect of viroid plant infection on this activity. to do so, three samples of peels' essential oils were studied: from a healthy plant (control), a plant inoculated with citrus exocortis viroid (cevd) and one inoculated with hot stunt cachexia viroid ...201728916460
anticancer potential of citrus juices and their extracts: a systematic review of both preclinical and clinical studies.background: during the last decades, a huge body of evidence has been accumulated suggesting that citrus fruits and their juices might have a role in preventing many diseases including cancer. objective: to summarize the numerous evidences on the potential of citrus juices and their extracts as anticancer agents. data sources: a systematic review of articles written in english using medline (1946-present), embase (1974-present) and web of sciences (1970-present) was performed independently by tw ...201728713272
comparative transcriptome analysis of two citrus germplasms with contrasting susceptibility to phytophthora nicotianae provides new insights into tolerance mechanisms.host perception of phytophthora nicotianae switching to necrotrophy is fundamental for disease tolerance of citrus. it involves an hr-like response, strengthening of the cell wall structure and hormonal signaling. stem rot caused by p. nicotianae is a worldwide disease of several important crops, including citrus. given the growing awareness of chemical fungicides drawbacks, genetic improvement of citrus rootstocks remains the best alternative. however, the molecular basis underlying the success ...201729290008
reprogramming of a defense signaling pathway in rough lemon and sweet orange is a critical element of the early response to 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus'.huanglongbing (hlb) in citrus infected by candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (clas) has caused tremendous losses to the citrus industry. no resistant genotypes have been identified in citrus species or close relatives. among citrus varieties, rough lemon (citrus jambhiri) has been considered tolerant due to its ability to produce a healthy flush of new growth after infection. the difference between tolerance and susceptibility is often defined by the speed and intensity of a plant's response to a ...201729214028
chemical composition of the essential oils isolated from peel of three citrus species and their mosquitocidal activity against culex pipiens.three essential oils (eos) were isolated from the peel of citrus fruits citrus reticulata l., citrus reticulata chinase blanco and citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck (family: rutaceae) and evaluated against culex pipiens l.1758 (family: culicidae). chemical composition indicated that the eos were rich in essential phytochemicals including hydrocarbons, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. these constituents revealed some variability among the oils displaying interesting chemotypes limonene (35-51%), 1r-α-p ...201729017021
flavonoid composition of tarocco (citrus sinensis l. osbeck) clone "lempso" and fast antioxidant activity screening by dpph-uhplc-pda-it-tof.clonal selection and hybridisation are valid strategies to obtain fruits with enhanced sensorial and nutraceutical properties. within citrus sinensis varieties, tarocco clone "lempso" is a typical product of the calabria region (italy) characterised by its red pulp. this is the first report concerning its accurate profiling.201728686312
in silico identification and validation of potential micrornas in kinnow mandarin (citrus reticulata blanco).micrornas (mirnas) are a large family of 19-25 nucleotides, regulatory, non-coding rna molecules that control gene expression by cleaving or inhibiting the translation of target gene transcripts in animals and plants. despite the important functions of mirnas related to regulation of plant growth and development processes, metabolism, and abiotic and biotic stresses, little is known about the disease-related mirna. here, we present a new pipeline for mirna analysis using expressed sequence tags ...201728534166
comparative transcriptome and proteome profiling of two citrus sinensis cultivars during fruit development and ripening.transcriptome and proteome analyses on fruit pulp from the blood orange 'zaohong' and the navel orange 'twenty-first century' were performed to study citrus sinensis quality-related molecular changes during consecutive developmental periods, including young fruit, fruit-coloring onset and fruit delayed-harvest for two months, during which fruit remained on the trees.201729268697
influence of natural and synthetic vitamin c (ascorbic acid) on primary and secondary metabolites and associated metabolism in quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd.) plants under water deficit regimes.phytoextracts are being widely used these days as a source of bioactive compounds for mitigating the harmful effects of abiotic stresses including drought stress. in this study, it was assessed how far foliar applied pure synthetic ascorbic acid (asa) or natural sweet orange juice (oj) enriched with asa could mitigate the drought stress induced adverse effects on growth and some key metabolic processes in quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd.; cultivar v9) plants. two weeks old quinoa seedlings were ...201729248677
characterization of mycosphaerellaceae species associated with citrus greasy spot in panama and spain.greasy spot of citrus, caused by zasmidium citri-griseum (= mycosphaerella citri), is widely distributed in the caribbean basin, inducing leaf spots, premature defoliation, and yield loss. greasy spot-like symptoms were frequently observed in humid citrus-growing regions in panama as well as in semi-arid areas in spain, but disease aetiology was unknown. citrus-growing areas in panama and spain were surveyed and isolates of mycosphaerellaceae were obtained from citrus greasy spot lesions. a sele ...201729236789
does the fragrance of essential oils alleviate the fatigue induced by exercise? a biochemical indicator test in rats.to study the effect of the essential oils of citrus sinensis l., mentha piperita l., syzygium aromaticum l., and rosmarinus officinalis l. on physical exhaustion in rats.201729234408
reproducible genomic dna preparation from diverse crop species for molecular genetic applications.several high-throughput molecular genetic analyses rely on high-quality genomic dna. copurification of other molecules can negatively impact the functionality of plant dna preparations employed in these procedures. isolating dna from agronomically important crops, such as sugarcane, rice, citrus, potato and tomato is a challenge due to the presence of high fiber, polysaccharides, or secondary metabolites. we present a simplified, rapid and reproducible sds-based method that provides high-quality ...201729213298
repellency potential of essential oils against housefly, musca domestica l.in present study, the essential oils such as mentha piperita (mentha oil, m.o), cymbopogan citratus (lemongrass oil, lg.o), citrus sinensis (orange oil, o.o), and eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus oil, e.o) were evaluated for repellency against housefly (musca domestica) in a specially designed chamber. further, to study any synergistic effect, essential oil combinations, i.e., m.o + lg.o, m.o + o.o, and m.o + e.o, were screened at 50:50 and 70:30 ratios. the results showed superior repellency of ...201729197060
[insecticidal action of synthetic girgensohnine analogues and essential oils on rhodnius prolixus (hemiptera: reduviidae)].the alkaloid girgensohnine has been used as a natural model in the synthesis of new alkaloid-like alpha-aminonitriles with insecticidal effect against disease vectors.201729161477
green synthesis of capped gold nanoparticles and their effect on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.we report synthesis of capped gold nanoparticles (c-aunps) of ≈20-30 nm by reducing haucl4 with flower and leaf extracts of ocimum tenuiflorum, leaves of azadirachta indica and mentha spicata and peel of citrus sinensis plants.201729134123
recent advances in understanding xanthomonas citri subsp. citri pathogenesis and citrus canker disease management.taxonomic status: bacteria; phylum proteobacteria; class gammaproteobacteria; order xanthomonadles; family xanthomonadaceae; genus xanthomonas; species xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc). host range: compatible hosts vary in their susceptibility to cc, with grapefruit, lime, and lemon being most susceptible, sweet orange being moderately susceptible, and kumquat and calamondin being among the least susceptible (gottwald et al., 1993). microbiological properties: xcc is a rod-shaped (1.5 - 2.0 ...201729105297
natural occurrence of aldol condensation products in valencia orange oil.cold pressed orange oils contain predominantly d-limonene (approximately 95%) and various other lower concentration monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, sinensals plus 3 key aliphatic aldehydes: hexanal, octanal. and decanal. the aldol self-condensation products or "dimers" for each aldehyde have been postulated as being present at low concentrations in the oil. however, to date only the hexanal dimer has been previously reported. in this paper, cold pressed valencia orange oil was fractionally distill ...201729095499
oviposition of fruit flies (diptera: tephritidae) and its relation with the pericarp of citrus fruits.fruit flies (diptera: tephritidae) represent a threat to fruit growing worldwide, mainly the citrus culture, however, biological studies show that fruit flies are not perfectly adapted to this host. this study investigated oviposition of anastrepha fraterculus (wiedemann, 1830) and ceratitis capitata (wiedemann, 1824) and its relation with the pericarp of citrus fruits. we evaluated the relationship between depth of oviposition of a. fraterculus and c. capitata and epicarp thickness of orange [c ...201729091115
transcriptional analysis of sweet orange trees co-infected with 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus' and mild or severe strains of citrus tristeza virus.citrus worldwide is threatened by huanglongbing (hlb) and tristeza diseases caused by 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus' (calas) and citrus tristeza virus (ctv). although the pathogens are members of the α-proteobacteria and closteroviridae, respectively, both are restricted to phloem cells in infected citrus and are transmitted by insect vectors. the response of sweet orange to single infection by either of these two pathogens has been characterized previously by global gene expression analysi ...201729089035
gene coexpression network analysis of fruit transcriptomes uncovers a possible mechanistically distinct class of sugar/acid ratio-associated genes in sweet orange.the ratio of sugars to organic acids, two of the major metabolites in fleshy fruits, has been considered the most important contributor to fruit sweetness. although accumulation of sugars and acids have been extensively studied, whether plants evolve a mechanism to maintain, sense or respond to the fruit sugar/acid ratio remains a mystery. in a prior study, we used an integrated systems biology tool to identify a group of 39 acid-associated genes from the fruit transcriptomes in four sweet orang ...201729084509
antimutagenic and antioxidant activity of the essential oils of citrus sinensis and citrus latifolia.the essential oils of citrus sinensis and citrus latifolia showed antimycotic activity against candida spp. isolated from the oral cavity; they are neither mutagenic on the ames test nor cytotoxic. their main components are r-(+)-limonene, β-thujene, α-myrcene and γ-terpinene. the aim of this work was to evaluate their antimutagenic and antioxidant capacities. antimutagenic properties were evaluated against mnng and enng on s. typhimurium ta100; against 2aa on strain ta98 and in front of 4nqo an ...201728904369
two of a kind but different: luminescent carbon quantum dots from citrus peels for iron and tartrazine sensing and cell imaging.citrus sinensis and citrus limon peels were used to synthesize two different kinds of carbon quantum dots (cqds) via an unsophisticated and inexpensive carbonization procedure. the proposed synthesis is straightforward and adheres to the principles of green chemistry since no organic solvents are used and no toxic by-products are formed, while the residual resources employed facilitate the large scale synthesis of dots. the citrus sinensis and citrus limon peels are proved to be excellent precur ...201728841995
different adaptation strategies of two citrus scion/rootstock combinations in response to drought stress.scion/rootstock interaction is important for plant development and for breeding programs. in this context, polyploid rootstocks presented several advantages, mainly in relation to biotic and abiotic stresses. here we analyzed the response to drought of two different scion/rootstock combinations presenting different polyploidy: the diploid (2x) and autotetraploid (4x) rangpur lime (citrus limonia, osbeck) rootstocks grafted with 2x valencia delta sweet orange (citrus sinensis) scions, named v/2xr ...201728545114
metabolic profile and underlying improved bio-activity of fructus aurantii immaturus by human intestinal bacteria.fructus aurantii immaturus (fai) is the dried young fruit of citrus aurantium l. or citrus sinensis l. osbeck. the purpose of this paper was to investigate the metabolic fate of fai upon incubation with human intestinal bacteria, meanwhile to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of fai and the transformed fructus aurantii immaturus (tfai). the water extract of fai was anaerobically incubated with human intestinal bacterial suspensions for 48 h at 37 °c. liquid chromatography ...201728504280
draft sequencing of the heterozygous diploid genome of satsuma (citrus unshiu marc.) using a hybrid assembly approach.satsuma (citrus unshiu marc.) is one of the most abundantly produced mandarin varieties of citrus, known for its seedless fruit production and as a breeding parent of citrus. de novo assembly of the heterozygous diploid genome of satsuma ("miyagawa wase") was conducted by a hybrid assembly approach using short-read sequences, three mate-pair libraries, and a long-read sequence of pacbio by the platanus assembler. the assembled sequence, with a total size of 359.7 mb at the n50 length of 386,404 ...201729259619
tetraploid carrizo citrange rootstock (citrus sinensis osb.×poncirus trifoliata l. raf.) enhances natural chilling stress tolerance of common clementine (citrus clementina hort. ex tan).low temperatures can disturb the development, growth and geographic distribution of plants, particularly cold-sensitive plants in the mediterranean area, where temperatures can reach seasonally low levels. in citrus crops, scion/rootstock combinations are used to improve fruit production and quality, and increase tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. in the last decade, several studies have shown that tetraploid citrus seedlings or rootstocks are more tolerant to abiotic stress than their re ...201728478318
alternative oxidase (aox) constitutes a small family of proteins in citrus clementina and citrus sinensis l. osb.the alternative oxidase (aox) protein is present in plants, fungi, protozoa and some invertebrates. it is involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, providing an alternative route for the transport of electrons, leading to the reduction of oxygen to form water. the present study aimed to characterize the family of aox genes in mandarin (citrus clementina) and sweet orange (citrus sinensis) at nucleotide and protein levels, including promoter analysis, phylogenetic analysis and c. sinensis ...201728459876
comparative analysis of juice volatiles in selected mandarins, mandarin relatives and other citrus genotypes.citrus fruit flavor is an important attribute prioritized in variety improvement. the present study compared juice volatiles compositions from 13 selected citrus genotypes, including six mandarins (citrus reticulata), three sour oranges (citrus aurantium), one blood orange (citrus sinensis), one lime (citrus limonia), one clementine (citrus clementina) and one satsuma (citrus unshiu).201828731231
mass spectrometry characterization of endophytic bacterium curtobacterium sp. strain er1/6 isolated from citrus sinensis.the bacteria of the genus curtobacterium are usually seen as plant pathogen, but some species have been identified as endophytes of different crops and could as such present a potential for disease control and plant growth promotion. we have therefore applied the desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (desi-msi) in the direct analysis of living curtobacterium sp. strain er1/6 colonies to map the surface metabolites, and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (esi- ...201829076604
metabolic alterations in the nymphal instars of diaphorina citri induced by candidatus liberibacter asiaticus, the putative pathogen of huanglongbing.currently, huanglongbing is the most damaging disease of citrus causing huge economic losses. the disease is caused by the gram-negative bacterium candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (clas). the pathogen is transmitted in a persistent propagative circulative manner within its vector, the asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri. exploring the metabolic alteration in the vector may lead to a better understanding of the nutritional needs of clas and to designing an artificial medium for culturing the ...201829370262
spatial distribution and sampling plans with fixed level of precision for citrus aphids (hom., aphididae) on two orange species.aphis spiraecola patch, aphis gossypii glover, and toxoptera aurantii boyer de fonscolombe are three important aphid pests of citrus orchards. in this study, spatial distributions of the aphids on two orange species, satsuma mandarin and thomson navel, were evaluated using taylor's power law and iwao's patchiness. in addition, a fixed-precision sequential sampling plant was developed for each species on the host plant by green's model at precision levels of 0.25 and 0.1. the results revealed tha ...201829365154
juice volatile composition differences between valencia orange and its mutant rohde red valencia are associated with carotenoid profile differences.a targeted approach using hs-spme-gc-ms was performed to investigate volatile compounds of ordinary valencia (val) and its more deeply colored mutant rohde red valencia orange (rrv) at different developmental stages. fifty-six volatile components classified into six chemical groups were quantified. the individual volatile compounds in each group were significantly influenced by the genotype and harvest date. cluster analysis suggested two principal clusters. cluster i included fruits of val and ...201829287364
differentiation between flavors of sweet orange (citrus sinensis) and mandarin (citrus reticulata).pioneering investigations referring to citrus flavor have been intensively conducted. however, the characteristic flavor difference between sweet orange and mandarin has not been defined. in this study, sensory analysis illustrated the crucial role of aroma in the differentiation between orange flavor and mandarin flavor. to study aroma, valencia orange and lb8-9 mandarin were used. their most aroma-active compounds were preliminarily identified by aroma extract dilution analysis (aeda). quantit ...201829237265
citrus essential oils inhalation by mice: behavioral testing, gcms plasma analysis, corticosterone, and melatonin levels evaluation.the use of orange essential oils (eos) as a complementary treatment is very common in brazilian popular culture. the levels of melatonin (mel) and corticosterone (cort) hormones were investigated simultaneously, by the luminex™ immunoassay system in mice plasma, after citrus aurantium and citrus sinensis eos inhalation for 30 min. the plasma was analyzed by headspace through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for investigation of the eo components. mice were submitted to behavioral ...201829168240
control of citrus huanglongbing via trunk injection of plant defense activators and antibiotics.citrus huanglongbing (hlb) or greening is a devastating disease of citrus worldwide and no effective control measure is currently available. plant defense activators environmentally friendly compounds capable of inducing resistance against many plant pathogens. earlier studies showed that foliar spray of plant defense inducers could slow down hlb disease progress. in this study, eight plant defense activators and three antibiotics were evaluated in three field trials for their effect to control ...201828945516
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