Publications

determination of volatile flavour profiles of citrus spp. fruits by sde-gc-ms and enantiomeric composition of chiral compounds by mdgc-ms.	citrus fruits are known to have characteristic enantiomeric key compounds biosynthesised by highly stereoselective enzymatic mechanisms. in the past, evaluation of the enantiomeric ratios of chiral compounds in fruits has been applied as an effective indicator of adulteration by the addition of synthetic compounds or natural components of different botanical origin.	0	28444796
studies on the chemical composition and feeding values of lime (citus aurantifolia, swingle) and lemon (citrus limon, linn).		1966	5946436
[contribution to the study of population dynamics of the louse toxoptera aurantii (boyer) on the lemon tree (citrus limon burm)].		1968	5666260
nucleolar changes in non-growing and growing lemon fruit explants (citrus limon l.).		1969	4894292
nucleolar enlargement in lemon fruit explants (citrus limon l.).		1971	4943664
mitotic activity in lemon fruit explants (citrus limon l.) incubated on a calcium-potassium-sucrose medium.		1974	4847655
the thermal conductivity of leaves.	thermal conductivities of fresh leaves, both unmodified and infiltrated with water, were measured. samples were placed between silver plates of known and differing temperatures, and the time required to boil off a constant volume of liquid was measured. the species used are evergreens: eucalyptus globulus labill. (sclerophyllous) with isolateral leaf symmetry; and peperomia obtusifolia a. dietr. (succulent), citrus limon burm. f. (mesophyllous), arbutus menziessii pursh. (sclerophyllous), and he ...	1975	24435441
sucrose activation of mitosis in lemon fruit explants (citrus limon l.).		1977	891774
metabolic pathway of alpha-ketoglutarate in citrus leaves as affected by phosphorus nutrition.	the uptake and metabolism of alpha-[5-(14)c]ketoglutarate by phosphorus-deficient and full nutrient (control) lemon (citrus limon) leaves were studied over various time intervals. after 45 minutes in p-deficient leaves, the bulk of incorporated (14)c appeared in organic acids and much less in amino acids, while in the control leaves, the (14)c contents of organic and amino acids were equal. in p-deficient leaves, after longer incubation times the (14)c content of organic acids and amino acids in ...	1978	16660367
the influence of glomus mosseae on tylenchulus semipenetrans-infected and uninfected citrus limon seedlings.	greenhouse studies have shown that when rough lemon (citrus limon) seedlings infected with tyienchulus semipenetrans were transplanted into soil infested with glomus mosseae, the mycorrhizal fungus infection increased seedling growth compared to nonntycorrhizal seedlings. tylenchulus semipenetrans significantly suppressed seedling growth below that of mycorrhizal seedlings. histological observations of nematode-free mycorrhizal roots showed that hyphae penetrated the epidermis and invaded the co ...	1979	19300642
the response of citrus limon seedlings to a symbiont, glomus etunicatus, and a pathogen, radopholus similis.	the influences of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (glomus etunicatus) and burrowing nematode (radophohts similis), alone and in combination, on the growth of rough lemon (citrus limon) seedlings were studied in the greenhouse. growth of mycorrhizal seedlings was significantly greater than that of nonmycorrhizal seedlings or seedlings inoculated with r. sindlis. mycorrhizal stimulation of seedling growth was inhibited by nematode infection. when seedlings were inoculated with g. etunicatus arid ...	1979	19300646
[properties of satellite dna of citrus limon].	dna components of c. limon were preparatively separated by equilibrium ultracentrifugation in cscl density gradient (buoyant density of the main component in cscl density gradient--1,693 g.cm-3; satellite component--1,712 g.cm-3). the properties of individual dna fractions were investigated. one third of satellite dna melts in broad interval of temperature, the rest--at a higher temperature as a narrow peak, containing two components. the half breadth of transition temperature of the peak is 3 d ...	1980	7231403
characterization of plant satellite dna using restriction nucleases.	the structural organization of satellite dnas of mustard brassica nigra and lemon citrus limon has been studied by digestion with restriction nucleases. analysis of dna products produced by ecori and bam i shows that two satellite dnas contain long range periodicities belonging to several repeated sequences. the periodicities in two satellite dnas differ characteristically, however, they have been found to contain common homologous sequences. using the restriction nuclease bsp i, a highly period ...	1980	6248766
ultrastructure and histochemistry of citrus limon (l.) stigma.	citrus limon has a "wet" stigma which can be divided in two zones: a glandular superficial one formed by papillae, and a non-glandular one formed by parenchymatic cells. the stigmatic exudate is produced by the papillae after the latter have reached their ultimate size. the papillae of the mature pistil are of varying size and composition. both the unicellular and multicellular ones are present. the cells at the base of the papillae are rich in cytoplasm, whereas the tip cells are vacuolated. hi ...	1982	24272209
growth and metabolic activity of lemon juice vesicle explants in vitro.	actively growing juice-vesicle explants, established from small lemon (citrus limon l. burm. f. var. ;eureka') fruits, were cultured in vitro on defined media. the juice vesicles continued to enlarge in culture for several months, without callus proliferation, and their initial growth was promoted by indoleacetic acid, gibberellic acid, and n(6)-benzyladenine.the metabolic competence of the explants, and its relevance to whole fruit development, was further investigated. juice vesicles continued ...	1982	16662136
mode of action of plastic film in extending life of lemon and bell pepper fruits by alleviation of water stress.	the mechanism by which seal-packaging individual fruit in high density polyethylene film delays deterioration was investigated with lemon (citrus limon [l.] burm. f. cv eureka) and bell pepper (capsicum annuum l. cv maor) fruits. seal-packaging effects were due to the water-saturated atmosphere in the sealed enclosure around the fruit. softening of fruit was highly correlated with declining water potential of fruit. sealing drastically inhibited softening as well as changes in cell wall pectins. ...	1983	16663193
influence of metalaxyl on three nematodes of citrus.	metalaxyl significantly reduced population of pratylenchus coffeae, radopholus similis, and tylenchulus semipenetrans in roots of citrus limon (rough lemon) under greenhouse conditions. postinoculation treatment of rough lemon seedlings was not as effective i n reducing nematode populations as was treatment before inoculation. fewer nematodes infected metalaxyl-treated roots than nontreated roots. however, incubation of nematodes in metalaxyl did not inhibit nematode motility or their ability to ...	1983	19295833
de novo arginine biosynthesis in leaves of phosphorus-deficient citrus and poncirus species.	young, fully expanded leaves from 7-month-old p-deficient citrus rootstock seedlings had levels of nonprotein arginine that were 10- to 50-fold greater than those from p-sufficient control plants. arginine content of the protein fraction increased 2- to 4-fold in p-deficient leaves. total arginine content, which averaged 72 +/- 6 micromoles per gram dry weight of p-sufficient leaf tissue (mean +/- se, n = the four rootstocks) was 207, 308, 241, and 178 micromoles in p-deficient leaves from citru ...	1984	16663918
characterization of a new burrowing nematode population, radopholus citrophilus, from hawaii.	karyotype, host preference, isozyzme patterns, morphometrics, and mating behavior of two burrowing nematode populations from hawaii, one infecting anthurium sp. and the second infecting musa sp., were compared with radopholus similis and r. citrophilus populations from florida. the population from anthurium sp. had five chromosomes (n = 5), and that from musa sp. had four (n = 4). neither of the hawaiian nematode populations persisted in roots of citrus limon or c. aurantium. anthurium clarineri ...	1986	19294139
[high homology of nucleotide sequences of 26s rrna cistron in citrus limon and saccharomyces cerevisiae].		1986	3536371
accumulation of putrescine during chilling injury of fruits.	putrescine (put) increased 68% in lemon (citrus limon (l.) burm. f. cv bearss) flavedo, 39% in grapefruit (c. paradisi macf. cv marsh) flavedo, 49% in grapefruit juice, and 149% in pepper (capsicum annuum l. cv early calwonder) pericarp when fruits were stored at chilling temperatures. in lemon flavedo, the coefficient of correlation (r(2)) between put concentration with severity of chilling was 0.90 and put levels almost doubled; the injury index going from 1 to 2 units. pepper pericarp, which ...	1986	16665015
increased arginine biosynthesis during phosphorus deficiency : a response to the increased ammonia content of leaves.	the accumulation of arginine in leaves of four citrus rootstock cultivars during p deficiency has been demonstrated to be due to increased de novo synthesis rather than decreased catabolism or increased protein degradation (e rabe, cj lovatt, 1984, plant physiol 76: 747-752). in this report, we provide evidence (a) that the increased activity of the arginine biosynthetic pathway observed for citrus rootstocks grown under p-deficient conditions for 7 months is due to an increase in the concentrat ...	1986	16664901
influence of mycorrhizal fungus, phosphorus, and burrowing nematode interactions on growth of rough lemon citrus seedlings.	rough lemon seedlings were grown in mycorrhizal-infested or phosphorus-amended soil (25 and 300 mg p/kg) in greenhouse experiments. plants were inoculated with the citrus burrowing nematode, radopholus citrophilus (0, 50, 100, or 200 nematodes per pot). six months later, mycorrhizal plants and nonmycorrhizal, high-p plants had larger shoot and root weights than did non-mycorrhizal, low-p plants. burrowing nematode population densities were lower in roots of mycorrhizal or nonmycorrhizal, high-p ...	1988	19290252
fungitoxic properties of the essential oil of citrus limon (l.) burm. against a few dermatophytes.		1988	3173428
host status of citrus and citrus relatives to tylenchulus graminis.	studies were conducted on the host suitability of four citrus rootstocks--rough lemon (citrus limon), sour orange (c. aurantium), trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliata cv. argentina), and swingle citrumelo (c. paradisi x p. trifoliata)--to tylenchulus graminis which was previously considered a "grass" race of t. semipenetrans. in an uncultivated field, sour orange seedlings grown with t. graminis-infected broomsedge (andropogon virginicus) were not infected with this nematode after 18-month's e ...	1989	19287668
nucleotide sequence of citrus limon 26s rrna gene and secondary structure model of its rna.	the complete nucleotide sequence of citrus limon 26s rdna has been determined. the sequence has been aligned with large ribosomal rna (l-rrna) sequences of escherichia coli, saccharomyces cerevisiae and oryza sativa. nine extensive expansion segments in dicot 26s rrna relative to e. coli 23s rrna have been identified and compared with analogous segments of monocot, yeast, amphibian and human l-rrnas. a secondary structure model for lemon 26s rrna has been derived based on the refined model of e. ...	1990	2101688
catabolism of geraniol by cell suspension cultures of citrus limon.	the addition of geraniol to cell suspension cultures of citrus limon resulted in the rapid formation of nerol, citronellol, geranic acid and citronellic acid. concurrently, a transient accumulation of bound forms of branched chain fatty acids, and, with a few hours delay, of regular chain c2 to c12 fatty acids was elicited. a concerted action of combined alpha/beta-oxidation enzymes on the terpenic acids, followed by an enlarged acetyl coa pool is suggested. terpene catabolism in plants and in v ...	1990	2265211
accumulation of scoparone in heat-treated lemon fruit inoculated with penicillium digitatum sacc.	phytoalexin scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin) generally was not detected in noninoculated lemon fruit (citrus limon [l.] burm., cv eureka) but accumulated in fruit after inoculation with penicillium digitatum sacc. a much greater increase in the amount of scoparone was found in fruit exhibiting an incompatible response to penicillium after heat treatment at 36 degrees c for 3 days. heat treatment prevented development of decay in the inoculated fruit. the concentration of the compound after inoc ...	1991	16668526
identification of eight coumarins occurring with psoralen, xanthotoxin, and bergapten on leaf surfaces.	surface extracts of the leaves of five species in the umbelliferae,citrus limon (rutaceae), andpsoralea bituminosa (leguminosae) were examined for the presence of coumarins, after a previous study had shown the presence of three psoralens. in the current investigation eight more coumarins were identified by mass spectrometric techniques: the simple coumarins scopoletin, scoparone, and osthol, the linear furanocoumarins imperatorin and phellopterin, the angular furanocoumarins angelicin and pimpi ...	1991	24257925
[further improvement in the administration of pectin as a preventive agent against absorption of radionuclides by human body].	the radioprotective properties of pectin-vitamin powder (pvp) were investigated. pvp was prepared from dry citrus (lemon, orange) peels by special technology. besides unavailable carbohydrates, it contains pectin (more than 15%), vitamins b, c, p, pp, mineral components. pvp effectively protected from incorporation of radionuclides contained in food products. the blocking effect of pvp was found essentially higher than that of sodium alginate or dry pectins. the optimal daily dose was experiment ...	1991	1817090
citrus peel oil extracts as mosquito larvae insecticides.	susceptibility tests were carried out in culex quinquefasciatus larvae using peel oil extracts of bitter orange (citrus aurantium), orange (citrus sinensis) and lemon (citrus limon). larvae mortalities were observed indicating that the extracts may contain potentially useful insecticides.	1992	1644035
spontaneous extensive chromosome elimination in somatic hybrids between somatically congruent species nicotiana tabacum l. and atropa belladonna l.	mesophyll protoplasts of the kanamycin-resistant nightshade, atropa belladonna, were fused with mesophyll protoplasts of the phosphinothricin resistant-tobacco, nicotiana tabacum. a total of 447 colonies resistant to both inhibitors was selected. most of them regenerated shoots with morphology similar to one of the earlier obtained and described symmetric somatic hybrids nicotiana + atropa. however, three colonies (0.2%) regenerated vigorously growing tobacco-like shoots; they readily rooted, an ...	1992	24203032
patterns of effective permeability of leaf cuticles to acids.	plants in the field are frequently exposed to anthropogenic acid precipitation with ph values of 4 and below. for the acid to directly affect leaf tissues, it must pass through the leaf cuticle, but little is known about the permeability of cuticles to protons, or about the effect of different anions on this permeability. we investigated the movement of protons through isolated astomatous leaf cuticles of grapefruit (citrus x paradisi macfady.), rough lemon (citrus limon [l.] burm. fils cv ponde ...	1993	12231681
effect of cations on effective permeability of leaf cuticles to sulfuric acid.	many plants are exposed to prolonged episodes of anthropogenic acid precipitation with ph values of 4 or less, but there is little evidence of widespread direct damage to the plant cells. acids appear to permeate leaf cuticle via charged pores, which act as a fixed buffer that delays but does not stop acid movement. we investigated the effect of cations on the movement of protons through astomatous isolated leaf cuticles of pear (pyrus communis l.) and rough lemon (citrus limon [l.] burm. fils c ...	1993	12231931
anti-diabetic properties of the african mistletoe in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.	the african mistletoe, loranthus bengwensis l. (loranthaceae), has been widely used in nigerian folk medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. the aqueous extract or infusion (1.32 g/kg per day) of the leaves of this plant parasitic on lemon, citrus limon (l.) brum f. (rutaceae), guava, psidium guajava l. (myrtaceae) and jatropha, jatropha curcas l. (euphorbiaceae), respectively, were supplied ad libitum to separate groups of both non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, as their only s ...	1994	7967645
ecophysiology of cuticular transpiration: comparative investigation of cuticular water permeability of plant species from different habitats.	water permeabilities of astomatous, isolated cuticular membranes (cm) of 24 different plants species were measured. permeances varied from 1.7×10(-11) m·s(-1) (vanilla planifolia leaf) up to 2.1×10(-9) m·s(-1) (malus cf. domestica fruit) among different plant species, thus covering a range of over 2 orders of magnitude. ranking of species according to permeances resulted in four distinct groups. the first group, of species with the lowest cuticular transpiration rates, included evergreen species ...	1996	28307383
effects of fruit juices of citrus sinensis l. and citrus limon l. on experimental hypercholesterolemia in the rat.	in citrus juices there are various substances of different chemical nature, some of which possess already-known hypocholesterolemic properties. therefore it has seemed interesting to evaluate the effects of a prolonged administration of lyophilized juices of citrus sinensis l. osbeck and citrus limon l. burm fil. in diet-induced rat hypercholesterolemia. lyophilized citrus juices were administered for 15 days (by gavage, at the dose of 5g/kg in aqueous veicle in a volume of 0.5 ml/100 g body wei ...	1996	23194620
differential immunological cross-reactions with antisera against the v-atpase of kalanchoë daigremontiana reveal structural differences of v-atpase subunits of different plant species.	two antisera (atp88 and atp95) raised against the v-atpase holoenzyme of kalanchoë daigremontiana were tested for their cross-reactivity with subunits of v-atpases from other plant species. v-atpases from kalanchoë blossfeldiana, mesembryanthemum crystallinum, nicotiana tabacum, lycopersicon esculentum, citrus limon, lemna gibba, hordeum vulgare and zea mays were immunoprecipitated with an antiserum against the catalytic v-atpase subunit a of m. crystallinum. as shown by silver staining and west ...	1997	9372182
local anaesthetic activity of the essential oil of lavandula angustifolia.	in this work we studied the local anaesthetic activity of the essential oil obtained from lavandula angustifolia mill., a medicinal plant traditionally used as an antispasmodic. we compared its activity to the essential oils obtained from two citrus fruits, citrus reticulata blanco and citrus limon (l.) burm. f., which have no medical uses. biological tests were also performed on the major pure components of l. angustifolia mill. essential oil: linalol and linalyl acetate as determined by gc and ...	1999	10630108
evaluation of the efficacy of the crude extracts of capsicum frutescens, citrus limon and opuntia vulgaris against newcastle disease in domestic fowl in tanzania.	prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of a combination of capsicum frutescens (red pepper), citrus limon (lemon) and opuntia vulgaris (prickly pear) against newcastle disease (nd) in domestic fowl were evaluated. eighty-eight broiler chickens were divided into five groups. birds from three groups were inoculated with velogenic nd virus strain, whereas birds from two groups were left as controls. two groups received a mixture of the plant extract three days prior to inoculation and birds from one ...	1999	10624862
identification of coumarins from lemon fruit (citrus limon) as inhibitors of in vitro tumor promotion and superoxide and nitric oxide generation.	three coumarins were isolated as siginificant inhibitors of tumor promoter 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa)-induced epstein-barr virus (ebv) activation in raji cells from the peel of lemon fruit. they were identified as 8-geranyloxypsolaren (le-1), 5-geranyloxypsolaren (bergamottin, le-2), and 5-geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin (le-3), respectively, by spectroscopic analysis. three isolates had no potential o(2)-scavenging and markedly suppressed tpa-induced superoxide (o(2)(-)) generation ...	1999	10552623
snakebites and ethnobotany in the northwest region of colombia. part iii: neutralization of the haemorrhagic effect of bothrops atrox venom.	thirty-one of 75 extracts of plants used by traditional healers for snakebites, had moderate or high neutralizing ability against the haemorrhagic effect of bothrops atrox venom from antioquia and chocó, north-western colombia. after preincubation of several doses of every extract (7.8-4000 microg/mouse) with six minimum haemorrhagic doses (10 microg) of venom, 12 of them demonstrated 100% neutralizing capacity when the mixture was i.d. injected into mice (18-20 g). these were the stem barks of ...	2000	11025161
snakebites and ethnobotany in the northwest region of colombia: part ii: neutralization of lethal and enzymatic effects of bothrops atrox venom.	twelve of 74 ethanolic extracts of plants used by traditional healers for snakebites in the northwest region of colombia, were active against lethal effect of bothrops atrox venom when they were i.p. injected into mice (18-20 g). after preincubation of sublethal doses of every extract (0.5-4.0 mg/mouse) with 1.5 i.p. lethal dose 50% (ld50) (99.3 microg) of venom, seven of them demonstrated 100% neutralizing capacity within 48 h. these were the stem barks of brownea rosademonte (caesalpiniaceae) ...	2000	10940590
[the effect of a nasal spray consisting of a standardized mixture of citrus limon (succus) and an aqueous extract of cydonia oblongata (fructus) on nasal mucociliary clearance].	in a three-way-crossover study in 18 healthy male and female subjects aged from 20 to 49 years the influence of a 1% and 3% solution of a standardized composition of citrus limon, succus, and extract from cydonia oblonga, fructus (gencydo) on the intranasal mucociliar clearance was investigated after multiple administration. the ph of the solution was about ph 2.3-3.2. the dose regimen consisted of 20 puffs (0.13 ml per puff) in each nostril within 24 h, which was by factor 3-10 higher than the ...	2000	10683714
nadp(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenase gene expression and isozyme activity during citrus fruit development.	the accumulation of citric acid and its decline toward fruit maturation is typical of citrus fruit. we studied nadp(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenase (nadp-idh), an enzyme involved in citrate metabolism. a cdna encoding the enzyme was cloned from lemon (citrus limon) juice sac cells, and is the first-reported nadp-idh from fruits. sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis indicate that it most probably belongs to a monophyletic clade of plant cytosolic enzymes. the mrna level in the juice sac cel ...	2000	10996257
apoptosis induced by the flavonoid from lemon fruit (citrus limon burm. f.) and its metabolites in hl-60 cells.	the flavonoid from lemon fruit (citrus limon burm. f.) and its metabolites, particularly eriodictyol, 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, and phloroglucinol had the function of dna fragmentation in hl-60 cells when analyzed by flow cytometry. an apoptotic dna ladder and chromatin condensation were observed in hl-60 cells when treated with these compounds. the caspase inhibitor prevented dna fragmentation. these compounds are anticipated to be useful for medical purposes.	2000	10879486
chiral separation of six diastereomeric flavanone-7-o-glycosides by capillary electrophoresis and analysis of lemon juice.	the diastereomers of six major flavanone-7-o-glycosides (naringin, prunin, narirutin, hesperidin, neohesperidin and eriocitrin) were completely separated for the first time by chiral capillary electrophoresis (ce) employing various buffers and chiral selectors on the basis of the results achieved in 1998 in our research group by mellenthin. the following chiral additives to the background electrolyte (bge) were examined: native cyclodextrins (cds; alpha-, beta- and gamma-cd), neutral cyclodextri ...	2001	11519812
pesticide applications of copper on perennial crops in california, 1993 to 1998.	inorganic copper is used as a broad-spectrum fungicide and bacteriocide on a variety of agricultural crops. after application, the copper residue typically accumulates in the upper 15 cm of soil. data from the california pesticide use reports were used to estimate the augmentation of copper in the soil that resulted from pesticide applications for the six years from 1993 to 1998 on 12 crops that are grown without rotation. the estimated mean mg cu kg(-1) soil added to the upper 15 cm during the ...	2001	11577894
participation of the phosphoinositide metabolism in the hypersensitive response of citrus limon against alternaria alternata.	lemon seedlings inoculated with alternaria alternata develop a hypersensitive response (hr) that includes the induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal, e. c. 4.3.1.5) and the synthesis of scoparone. the signal transduction pathway involved in the development of this response is unknown. we used several inhibitors of the phosphoinositide (pi) animal system to study a possible role of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (ip3) in the transduction of the fungal conidia signal in citrus limon. the hr wa ...	2001	11471522
anti-salmonella activity of medicinal plants from cameroon.	to evaluate the effects of herbal extracts derived from plants commonly prescribed by traditional practitioners for the treatment of typhoid fever.	2001	12201022
tylenchida associated with different crops in sennar state (sudan).	a study was done on the taxonomy and morphology of plant parasitic nematodes (tylenchida) found in sennar state (sudan). sixty samples of different crops were collected in the sugarcane area. thirty samples originated from soil around the roots of saccharum officinarum (sugarcane) from different ratoons and thirty samples were collected from other crops (mangifera indica; citrus limon; citrus aurantifolia; citrus paradisi; citrus sinensis, phoenix dactylifera, musa sapentium; cassia italica, cap ...	2001	12425088
copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase from lemon cdna and enzyme stability.	a full-length cdna clone of 744 bp encoding a putative copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (cu/zn-sod) from lemon (citrus limon) was cloned by pcr approach. nucleotide sequence analysis of this cdna clone revealed that it comprised an open reading frame coding for 152 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequences showed high identity (65-84%) with the sequences of the cu/zn-sods from other plant species. computer analysis of the residues required for coordinating copper (his-45, -47, -62, a ...	2002	12452642
citrus limonoids and their semisynthetic derivatives as antifeedant agents against spodoptera frugiperda larvae. a structure-activity relationship study.	the antifeedant activity of citrus-derived limonoids limonin (1), nomilin (2), and obacunone (3) and their semisynthetic derivatives 4-26 was evaluated against a commercially important pest, spodoptera frugiperda. simple chemical conversions were carried out on the natural limonoids obtained from seeds of citrus limon. these conversions focused on functional groups considered to be important for the biological activity, namely the c-7 carbonyl and the furan ring. in particular, reduction at c-7 ...	2002	12405773
effects of the essential oil from citrus lemon in male and female rats exposed to a persistent painful stimulation.	the ability of olfaction to modulate behavior in mammalian species has repeatedly been demonstrated. here we tested the properties of the volatile components of lemon essential oil. male and female rats were allowed to inhale the aroma while experiencing a persistent nociceptive input (50 microl formalin, 5%); in the same animals the c-fos immunohistochemistry was used to test the degree of neuronal activation of areas belonging to the limbic system. in formalin-treated animals, lemon essential ...	2002	12385797
sex differences in the citrus lemon essential oil-induced increase of hippocampal acetylcholine release in rats exposed to a persistent painful stimulation.	the microdialysis technique was used to study the ability of essential oil from citrus lemon to modulate hippocampal acetylcholine (ach) release in male and female rats. animals were allowed to inhale this odor while experiencing a persistent nociceptive input (50 microl formalin, 5%) or under control conditions (sham-injection). in males, exposure to the essential oil did not change the time course and magnitude of the ach increase induced by pain. in females, the pain-induced increase of ach w ...	2002	12213626
monoterpene biosynthesis in lemon (citrus limon). cdna isolation and functional analysis of four monoterpene synthases.	citrus limon possesses a high content and large variety of monoterpenoids, especially in the glands of the fruit flavedo. the genes responsible for the production of these monoterpenes have never been isolated. by applying a random sequencing approach to a cdna library from mrna isolated from the peel of young developing fruit, four monoterpene synthase cdnas were isolated that appear to be new members of the previously reported tpsb family. based on sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis, ...	2002	12084056
signal transduction in lemon seedlings in the hypersensitive response against alternaria alternata: participation of calmodulin, g-protein and protein kinases.	the development of an effective hypersensitive response (hr) in any plant system relies, not only in their gene composition and expression, but also on an effective and rapid signal transduction system. lemon seedlings induce the phenylpropanoid pathway, which results in the de novo biosynthesis of the phytoalexin scoparone, as part of the hypersensitive response against alternaria alternata. in order to elucidate some of the signaling elements that participate in the development of hr in lemon ...	2002	12462990
autecology of the common mormon butterfly, papilio polytes (lepidoptera : rhopalocera : papilionidae).	the adults of the common mormon butterfly papilio polytes linn. feed on a variety of floral species. the larval food plants in the study area included citrus limon and murraya koenigii both of the family rutaceae. the eggs are laid singly, and the hatching time is three days. the larvae pass through five instars. the larval growth is directly correlated with the quantity of food consumed. the ad (approximate digestibility) values decreased from first instar to the last, whereas the ecd (efficien ...	2002	12602858
identification of zygotic and nucellar seedlings in citrus interploid crosses by means of isozymes, flow cytometry and issr-pcr.	'milam' (a purported hybrid of citrus jambhiri lush) + 'femminello' lemon (citrus limon l. burm. f.) allotetraploid somatic hybrids were used as pollen parents in interploid crosses with diploid 'femminello' lemon to achieve mal secco tolerance in different populations of seedless triploid lemon types with good fruit quality. a total of 137 plantlets were obtained and subjected to screening experiments, in order to distinguish zygotic embryos from nucellars. here we report on and discuss the res ...	2002	12378230
composition and seasonal variation of the essential oil from leaves and peel of a cretan lemon variety.	the essential oil of leaves and peel from the cretan variety zambetakis (citrus limon) was obtained by steam distillation with a clevenger apparatus. the essential oil was subjected to gc-ms analysis, and 35 substances were identified. the main component in both essential oils was limonene. beta-pinene, myrcene, neral, geranial, neryl acetate, geranyl acetate, and beta-caryophyllene have been identified in the leaf oil. the peel oil contained gamma-terpinene, beta-pinene, myrcene, neral, and ger ...	2002	11754559
domain swapping of citrus limon monoterpene synthases: impact on enzymatic activity and product specificity.	monoterpene cyclases are the key enzymes in the monoterpene biosynthetic pathway, as they catalyze the cyclization of the ubiquitous geranyl diphosphate (gdp) to the specific monoterpene skeletons. from citrus limon, four monoterpene synthase-encoding cdnas for a beta-pinene synthase named cl(-)betapins, a gamma-terpinene synthase named clgammats, and two limonene synthases named cl(+)lims1 and cl(+)lims2 were recently isolated [j. lücker et al., eur. j. biochem. 269 (2002) 3160]. the aim of our ...	2003	12623068
the development of alternaria alternata is prevented by chitinases and beta-1,3-glucanases from citrus limon seedlings.	in addition to phytoalexin synthesis, the defense response of intact citrus limon seedlings against alternaria alternata involves both constitutive and induced enzyme activities such as chitinases (ch) and beta-1,3-glucanases (glu). a alternata conidial germination was prevented by protein extracts from inoculated lemon seedlings, but also by extracts from mock-inoculated specimens. on the other hand, degradation of mycelia was accomplished only by protein extracts from inoculated seedlings. the ...	2003	14631873
fermented grain products, production, properties and benefits to health.	fermented foods such as japanese traditional food "miso (fermented soy bean paste)" have been shown to be rich source of micronutrients with the potential to prevent various human diseases. we have introduced effects of a new dietary supplement of fermented grain foods mixture containing extracts from wheat germ, soybeans, rice bran, tear grass, sesame, wheat, citrus lemon, green tea, green leaf extract and malted rice under the trade name of antioxidant biofactor (aob). chemical analysis of aob ...	2003	14567925
chiral separation of diastereomeric flavanone-7-o-glycosides in citrus by capillary electrophoresis.	the 2s- and 2r-diastereomers of major flavanone-7-o-glycosides found in sweet orange (citrus sinensis), mandarine (citrus deliciosa), grapefruit (citrus paradisi), lemon (citrus limon), and sour or bitter orange juice (citrus aurantium) were separated for the first time by chiral capillary electrophoresis (ce) employing various buffers with combined chiral selectors. native cyclodextrins (cds), neutral and charged cd derivatives were examined as chiral additives to the background electrolyte (bg ...	2003	12900888
in vitro effect of essential oils from cinnamomum aromaticum, citrus limon and allium sativum on two intestinal flagellates of poultry, tetratrichomonas gallinarum and histomonas meleagridis.	essential oils may be effective preventive or curative treatments against several flagelated poultry parasites and may become primordial either to organic farms, or as more drugs are bannished. the anti-flagellate activity of essential oils obtained from fresh leaves of cinnamomum aromaticum, citrus limon pericarps and allium sativum bulbs was investigated in vitro on tetratrichomonas gallinarum and histomonas meleagridis. on t. gallinarum, the minimal lethal concentration (mlc) at 24 hours was ...	2003	12847923
natural enemies of three mealybug species (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) found on citrus and effects of some insecticides on the mealybug parasitoid coccidoxenoides peregrinus (hymenoptera: encyrtidae) in south africa.	the population density of mealybug species in some south african citrus orchards has increased to pest status in recent years. the characterization of the natural enemy complex and quantification of their contribution to the control of planococcus citri (risso), pseudococcus longispinus (targioni-tozzetti) and pseudococcus calceolariae (maskell) on citrus limon (l.) and citrus reticulata (blanco) was investigated through intensive sampling. eight primary and four secondary parasitoids, and two p ...	2003	12762866
improvement in growth and salt resistance of lemon (citrus limon) trees by an interstock-induced mechanism.	interstocks can reduce toxic ion accumulations in leaves of budded citrus trees, but the mechanism is not understood. we grew sour orange (citrus aurantium l.; so) seedlings, budded trees of 'salustiano' orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck; sao) on so, 'verna' lemon (citrus limon l. burm. f; vl/so) and interstock trees (vl/sao/so) in pots of sand watered with nutrient solution containing 5 (control) or 50 mm nacl (saline treatment) for 12 weeks. plants were harvested in six successive harvests and ...	2003	14532011
induction of apoptosis by citrus paradisi essential oil in human leukemic (hl-60) cells.	limonene is a primary component of citrus essential oils (eos) and has been reported to induce apoptosis on tumor cells. little is known about induction of apoptosis by citrus eos. in this study, we examined induction of apoptosis by citrus aurantium var. dulcis (sweet orange) eo, citrus paradisi (grapefruit) eo and citrus limon (lemon) eo. these eos induced apoptosis in hl-60 cells and the apoptosis activities were related to the limonene content of the eos. moreover, sweet orange eo and grapef ...	2003	14758720
increased and altered fragrance of tobacco plants after metabolic engineering using three monoterpene synthases from lemon.	wild-type tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants emit low levels of terpenoids, particularly from the flowers. by genetic modification of tobacco cv petit havana sr1 using three different monoterpene synthases from lemon (citrus limon l. burm. f.) and the subsequent combination of these three into one plant by crossings, we show that it is possible to increase the amount and alter the composition of the blend of monoterpenoids produced in tobacco plants. the transgenic tobacco plant line with the th ...	2004	14718674
sex difference in chimpanzee handedness.	chimpanzees at mahale, tanzania, show strong individual hand preferences when they use bimanual actions in processing the fruit of saba florida and citrus lemon. the direction of hand preference differs between the sexes: most males are left-handed, whereas most females are right-handed. monkeys and apes are considered to lack "handedness," in the sense of a population mode of left- or right-hand preference; they are normally ambidextrous. indeed, strong individual preferences were previously se ...	2004	14669237
effect of the rootstock and interstock grafted in lemon tree (citrus limon (l.) burm.) on the flavonoid content of lemon juice.	the grafting of the rootstock with the lemon tree is an agronomical technique used to improve production and/or quality of the fruit. the interstock has been used with different fruit trees to modulate the tree size, fruit production and quality, and the aging of the tree. the lemon trees grafted with interstocks increase their longevity, lemon production and quality; interstocks are also used to decrease the thickness of the trunk at the grafting point. this enlarging of the trunk provokes a de ...	2004	14733516
accumulation of carotenoids and expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes during maturation in citrus fruit.	the relationship between carotenoid accumulation and the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes during fruit maturation was investigated in three citrus varieties, satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.), valencia orange (citrus sinensis osbeck), and lisbon lemon (citrus limon burm.f.). we cloned the cdnas for phytoene synthase (citpsy), phytoene desaturase (citpds), zeta-carotene (car) desaturase (citzds), carotenoid isomerase (citcrtiso), lycopene beta-cyclase (citlcyb), beta-ring hydroxyl ...	2004	14739348
effects of long-term exposure of lemon essential oil odor on behavioral, hormonal and neuronal parameters in male and female rats.	behavioral, hormonal and neuronal responses to prolonged exposure to the volatile components of essential oil (eo) extracted from citrus lemon were investigated in male and female rats. animals were exposed to the lemon essence for 2 weeks while in their cage. anxiety was then determined with the elevated plus-maze apparatus while nociception was evaluated with a phasic thermal pain stimulus (plantar test) and with a chemical pain stimulus (formalin test). at the end of the experimental sessions ...	2004	14972656
metabolic engineering of monoterpene biosynthesis: two-step production of (+)-trans-isopiperitenol by tobacco.	monoterpenoid biosynthesis in tobacco was modified by introducing two subsequent enzymatic activities targeted to different cell compartments. a limonene-3-hydroxylase (lim3h) cdna was isolated from mentha spicata l. 'crispa'. this cdna was used to re-transform a transgenic nicotiana tabacum'petit havana' sr1 (tobacco) line expressing three citrus limon l. burm. f. (lemon) monoterpene synthases producing (+)-limonene, gamma-terpinene and (-)-beta-pinene as their main products. the targeting sequ ...	2004	15200648
evaluation of phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of leaf extract of tapinanthus sessilifolius (p. beauv) van tiegh.	leaf extracts of t. sessilifolius growing on five different host plants (psidium guajava, citrus lemon, vernonia amygdalina, persea americana and jatropa curcas) were evaluated for antimicrobial activity of the plant. powdered leaves of t. sessilifolius collected from each host plant was divided into two portions. one portion was used for aqueous infusion and the other portion was successively extracted with hexane, ethylacetate and methanol. infusion of aqueous extract of powdered leaves did no ...	2004	15233306
neutralization of the edema-forming, defibrinating and coagulant effects of bothrops asper venom by extracts of plants used by healers in colombia.	we determined the neutralizing activity of 12 ethanolic extracts of plants against the edema-forming, defibrinating and coagulant effects of bothrops asper venom in swiss webster mice. the material used consisted of the leaves and branches of bixa orellana (bixaceae), ficus nymphaeifolia (moraceae), struthanthus orbicularis (loranthaceae) and gonzalagunia panamensis (rubiaceae); the stem barks of brownea rosademonte (caesalpiniaceae) and tabebuia rosea (bignoniaceae); the whole plant of pleopelt ...	2004	15264003
inter-simple sequence repeat markers and flow cytometry for the characterization of closely related citrus limon germplasms.	the genetic relationship among commercial cultivars of citrus limon (lemon) was analysed by inter-simple sequence repeats (issr) and flow cytometry techniques. two cultivars with a close germplasm were distinguished by screening 10 ssr primers and by measuring dna content of prestained nuclei.	2004	15483390
a novel repetitive dna sequence in lemon [citrus limon (l.) burm.] and related species bruna.	repetitive dna sequences constitute a significant component of most eukaryotic genomes, and the isolation and characterization of such sequences provide an insight into the organization of the genome of interest. here, we report the isolation and molecular characterization of a novel repetitive dna sequence from the genome of citrus limon. digestion of c. limon dna with mboi produced a prominent fragment of approximately 600 bp. southern blotting revealed a ladder composed of dna fragments that ...	2004	15306722
interstock-induced mechanism of increased growth and salt resistance of orange (citrus sinensis) trees.	interstocks improve the growth and salt resistance of lemon (citrus limon (l.) burm. f.) trees, but their effects on orange (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) trees are unknown. we grew 'cleopatra' mandarin (cm) seedlings, budded trees of 'salustiano' orange (sao) on cm, 'valencia late' orange (vlo) on cm (vlo/cm), and interstock trees vlo/sao/cm in pots of sand watered with nutrient solution containing 5 (control) or 50 mm nacl for 12 weeks. plants were harvested on six successive occasions and the ...	2004	15294757
essential oil composition of citrus meyerii y. tan. and citrus medica l. cv. diamante and their lemon hybrids.	in this paper we report the volatile fraction composition of citrus meyerii y. tan. and citrus medica l. cv. diamante and two new lemon hybrids obtained by cross-breeding them with the tetraploid citrus limon burm. cv. cavone. both parent and hybrid oils were laboratory-extracted from the peel fruits and analyzed by hrgc-ms and hrgc-fid. sixty-three components were fully characterized by mass spectra, linear retention indices, and injection of standards. the average composition as single compone ...	2005	15941331
establishment of a genetically marked insect-derived symbiont in multiple host plants.	alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans, originally isolated from the cibarial region of the foregut of the glassy-winged sharpshooter (homalodisca coagulata), was transformed using the himar1 transposition system to express egfp. seedlings of six potential host plants were inoculated with transformed bacteria and 2 weeks later samples were taken 5 cm away and analyzed by quantitative real-time pcr using primers designed to amplify the gene insert. the largest colony of 3,591,427 cells/2 c ...	2005	15723145
effects of nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions on leaf volatile compounds from citrus somatic diploid hybrids.	three diploid citrus somatic hybrids (cybrids) were produced by fusions combining nucellar callus-derived protoplasts of willow leaf mandarin (citrus deliciosa ten.) and commune clementine (citrus clementina hort. ex tan.) with, respectively, leaf protoplasts of eureka lemon [citrus limon (l.) burm.] and marumi kumquat [fortunella japonica (thunb.) swing.] and leaf protoplasts of marumi kumquat. ploidy and origins of the nuclear, chloroplastic, and mitochondrial genomes were investigated by flow ...	2005	15913319
the use of health foods, spices and other botanicals in the sikh community in london.	attitudes and practice concerning complementary and alternative medicine (cam) are currently an area of considerable interest. however, little is known about the overall importance of such practices, for example, in immigrant communities such as the sikh (punjabi) british. the use of cam in immigrants belonging to the sikh religion in london was studied. the primary objective was to analyse the extent to which traditional medicine is used and understood by this population. traditional sikh medic ...	2005	16161027
the role of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases in the regulation of carotenoid profiles during maturation in citrus fruit.	to investigate the relationship between a carotenoid profile and gene expression for carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases, three citrus varieties that exhibit different 9-cis-violaxanthin levels in their juice sacs, satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.; a variety accumulating a low level of 9-cis-violaxanthin), valencia orange (citrus sinensis osbeck; variety accumulating a high level of 9-cis-violaxanthin), and lisbon lemon (citrus limon burm.f.; a variety accumulating an undetectable level of 9-c ...	2006	16714310
role of two insect growth regulators in integrated pest management of citrus scales.	portions of two commercial citrus orchards were treated for two consecutive years with buprofezin or three consecutive years with pyriproxyfen in a replicated plot design to determine the long-term impact of these insect growth regulators (igrs) on the san joaquin valley california integrated pest management program. pyriproxyfen reduced the target pest, california red scale, aonidiella aurantii maskell, to nondetectable levels on leaf samples approximately 4 mo after treatment. pyriproxyfen tre ...	2006	16813306
the effect of lemon, orange and bergamot essential oils and their components on the survival of campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157, listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in food systems.	to investigate the effectiveness of oils and vapours of lemon (citrus limon), sweet orange (citrus sinensis) and bergamot (citrus bergamia) and their components against a number of common foodborne pathogens.	2006	17105553
potential perchlorate exposure from citrus sp. irrigated with contaminated water.	citrus produced in the southwestern united states is often irrigated with perchlorate-contaminated water. this irrigation water includes colorado river water which is contaminated with perchlorate from a manufacturing plant previously located near the las vegas wash, and ground water from wells in riverside and san bernardino counties of california which are affected by a perchlorate plume associated with an aerospace facility once located near redlands, california. studies were conducted to eva ...	2006	17723376
comparison of volatile concentrations in hand-squeezed juices of four different lemon varieties.	fresh juices of four italian cultivars of lemons (citrus limon burm) have been analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). the best results have been obtained with the 2 cm 50/30 microm divinylbenzene/carboxen on poly(dimethylsiloxane) fiber, using a homogenization time of 1 h at 40 degrees c and a sampling period of 30 min. a total of 35 volatile compounds have been identified by gc-ms, and their relative amou ...	2006	16506842
aftermath of the long-term application of sludge and water from a sewage treatment plant to a lemon tree (citrus limon) plantation.		2006	16404658
authenticity control of essential oils containing citronellal and citral by chiral and stable-isotope gas-chromatographic analysis.	enantioselective capillary gc on a supelco beta-dex 225 column (heptakis(2,3-di-o-acetyl-6-o-tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-cyclodextrin spb 20poly--20% diphenyl, 80% dimethylsiloxane) and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, coupled online with capillary gc on an hp5 column have been used for origin-specific analysis and authenticity control of essential oils, for example lemon (citrus limon), lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus and cymbopogon flexuosus), citronella (cymbopogon nardus l.--ceylon type an ...	2006	17089103
polyphenols distribution in juices from citrus allotetraploid somatic hybrids and their sexual hybrids.	the polyphenol profile of an interspecific allotetraploid somatic hybrid, achieved by protoplast fusion, the 'valencia' sweet orange ( citrus sinensis l. osbeck) + 'femminello' lemon ( citrus limon l. burm), and three sexual hybrids obtained by backcrosses between femminello lemon and the allotetraploid somatic hybrid ('valencia' + 'femminello') was studied by liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-diode array detector-mass spectrometry (lc-uv-dad-ms). the aim of the work was to evaluate whether supe ...	2007	17914878
molecular analysis of a novel tandemly organized repetitive dna sequence in citrus limon (l.) burm.	repetitive sequences constitute a significant component of most eukaryotic genomes, and the isolation and characterization of repetitive dna sequences provide an insight into the organization of the genome of interest. here, we report the isolation and molecular analysis of a novel tandemly organized repetitive dna sequence from the genome of citrus limon. digestion of c. limon dna with hinf i produced a prominent fragment of approximately 300 bp. southern blotting revealed a ladder composed of ...	2007	17666775
volatiles emission patterns of different plant organs and pollen of citrus limon.	the volatiles emitted in vivo by different plant parts of citrus limon (rutaceae) have been identified by mean of head space-solid phase micro extraction (hs-spme) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (gc-ms) analyses. in particular, the profiles of flower buds, mature flowers, petals, stamens, gynaecium, pericarp of unripe and ripe fruits, young and adult leaves and pollen have been examined. furthermore, the essential oil obtained from expression of ripe pericarp was studied. ...	2007	17397661
reduction of mouth malodour and volatile sulphur compounds in intensive care patients using an essential oil mouthwash.	the aim of this study was to explore the effect of an essential oil solution on levels of malodour and production of volatile sulphur compounds (vsc) in patients nursed in intensive care unit (icu). thirty two patients received 3 min of oral cleaning using an essential oil solution (mixture of tea tree, melaleuca alternifolia, peppermint, mentha piperita and lemon, citrus limon) on the first day, and tantum (benzydamine hydrochloride) on the second day. two trained nurses measured the level of m ...	2007	17380550
evaluation of different iron compounds in chlorotic italian lemon trees (citrus lemon).	the severe deficiency of iron or ferric chlorosis is a serious problem of most citrus trees established in calcareous soils, as a result of the low availability of iron in these soils and the poor uptake and limited transport of this nutrient in trees. the objective of this study was to evaluate the response of chlorotic italian lemon trees (citrus lemon) to the application of iron compounds to roots and stems. on comparing the effects of aqueous solutions of ferric citrate, ferrous sulphate and ...	2007	17467284
iron-shortage-induced increase in citric acid content and reduction of cytosolic aconitase activity in citrus fruit vesicles and calli.	aconitase, which catalyses the conversion of citrate into isocitrate, requires fe for its activity. the yeast and animal enzyme loses its enzymatic activity under fe shortage and binds to rna of genes involved in fe homeostasis, altering their expression. thus, the enzyme provides a regulatory link between organic acid metabolism and fe cellular status. roots and leaves of fe-deficient plants show induction in organic acids, especially citrate. although no rna-binding activity has been so far de ...	2007	18251926
anticandidial activity of some essential oils of a mega biodiversity hotspot in india.	six essential oils viz. eucalyptus citriodora, cymbopogon citratus, callistemon lanceolatus, cinnamomum camphora, citrus limon, tagetes petula, as well as two standard antibiotics, miconazole and clotrimazole, were tested in vitro for their anticandidial activity. all these essential oils exhibited higher activity than the two synthetic antibiotics. highest zone of inhibition was recorded in e. citriodora (8.50 mm microl-1) followed by c. lanceolatus (5.63 mm microl-1) establishing their promisi ...	2007	17305775
isolation of antioxidative phenolic glucosides from lemon juice and their suppressive effect on the expression of blood adhesion molecules.	phenolic glucosides having radical scavenging activity were examined from the fraction eluted with 20% methanol on amberlite xad-2 resin applied to lemon (citrus limon) juice by using reversed phase chromatography. four phenolic glucosides were identified as 1-feruloyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside, 1-sinapoyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside, 6,8-di-c-glucosylapigenin and 6,8-di-c-glucosyldiosmetin by (1)h-nmr, (13)c-nmr, and ms analyses. they exhibited radical scavenging activity for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydra ...	2007	17690486
genotype and harvest time influence the phytochemical quality of fino lemon juice (citrus limon (l.) burm. f.) for industrial use.	two clonal selections of lemon tree (citrus limon burm. f. cv. fino), named fino-49-5 and fino-95, were studied to ascertain the influence of genetic (clone) and environmental (season) factors on the human-health bioactive compounds of lemon juice (vitamin c and flavonoids) and the possible relationship between composition and in vitro antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power) of the juice. ...	2008	18254590
medicinal plant treatments for fleas and ear problems of cats and dogs in british columbia, canada.	research conducted in 2003/2004 documented and validated (in a non-experimental way) ethnoveterinary medicines used by small-scale, organic livestock farmers in british columbia (bc), canada. interviews were conducted with 60 participants who were organic farmers or holistic medicinal/veterinary practitioners. a workshop was held with selected participants to discuss the plant-based treatments. this paper reports on the medicinal plants used for fleas in cats and dogs. fleas and flies are treate ...	2008	18563443